[HN Gopher] Breakthrough for 'massless' energy storage
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Breakthrough for 'massless' energy storage
        
       Author : reimertz
       Score  : 211 points
       Date   : 2021-03-30 10:40 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.chalmers.se)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.chalmers.se)
        
       | bjornsing wrote:
       | We all know massless energy storage is impossible. Einstein
       | proved it. :P
        
       | mrfusion wrote:
       | Would photons need true massless energy storage?
        
       | jliptzin wrote:
       | If I remember correctly Tesla already has plans to incorporate
       | their next gen batteries into the structure of the car
        
       | netman21 wrote:
       | Sailboats! Would be easy to embed this in the hull.
        
       | reimertz wrote:
       | A thought.
       | 
       | Imagine working and spending your entire scientific career on a
       | specific problem, hoping to create positive change and then to be
       | meet with this type of skepticism. I can't help but feel sad for
       | everyone involved in this scientific research if they end up
       | seeing this.
       | 
       | I do value skepticism but it feels somewhat unfair here because
       | they are very transparent with how they relate to current
       | existing lithium-ion technology while discussing their
       | differences and how they could potentially innovate and iterate
       | on their solution. All of of this while referring to their peer-
       | reviewed paper.
       | 
       | What more could they have done? Shouldn't we celebrate events
       | like this?
        
         | gameswithgo wrote:
         | Yes we should.
        
         | hannob wrote:
         | > What more could they have done?
         | 
         | Oh this one is simple. Be transparent in your communication
         | about the limitations of what you've done. Be clear whether
         | this is early research or something likely to find its way into
         | products any time soon. And above all: Avoide terms like
         | "breakthrough" unless they're really deserved (which is
         | exceptionally rare).
        
           | gameswithgo wrote:
           | All of that was clear in the article. It is research, it has
           | way less energy density than a normal battery, and it WAS a
           | breakthrough.
        
           | jnwatson wrote:
           | But it isn't the researchers doing this. This is university
           | PR.
        
           | polack wrote:
           | It might not be a breakthrough that takes us to Mars, but
           | saying that an 10x improvement over existing versions isn't a
           | breakthrough feels a bit unfair and a bit narrow minded. In
           | this space it's obviously an breakthrough, you just don't
           | happen to be interested or directly affected by it.
        
         | DoingIsLearning wrote:
         | We continue to disseminate this type of news by linking to
         | university press releases or technology news sites rather than
         | the paper directly.
         | 
         | 90% of the time press releases oversimplify results and
         | overstate the research impact when the actual paper strives to
         | be on point and accurate.
         | 
         | I appreciate it's hard to stay true to the original research
         | and explain things in a simple but engaging way. On the other
         | hand it sometimes feel like creative freedom in second hand
         | reporting does more harm than good.
        
           | anigbrowl wrote:
           | Strongly agree, but my experience is that linking to papers
           | directly usually means your thread will die with only a few
           | comments; most people don't want to put in the effort to read
           | the paper and many either don't read or quibble with the
           | abstract. Also, a lot of business websites and Github pages
           | are fluffy and PR and boring academic papers don't stand out
           | well by comparison.
           | 
           | Sadly commercial logic means that most third party science
           | news reporting reverts to a sensational mean because there
           | isn't that much money in accessible-but-serious journalism.
           | _Scientific American_ used to occupy a sweet spot of being
           | informative yet accessible, but as the market at that spot
           | shrank they watered down the quality of their coverage, and
           | that was over 20 years ago. _Quanta_ seems like the best
           | online science writing in recent years but at the cost of
           | fairly limited scope.
        
         | graderjs wrote:
         | I totally feel that. But it's OK. It's only HN. There's plenty
         | of places to feel hopeful about the future and optimistic.
         | Research departments are one place. Your own head could be
         | another. Maybe some of reddit. Some blogs. And like minded
         | people in atomspace.
         | 
         | HN values "intellectualism" so it has to be very cautious to
         | throw its unbridled enthusiasm behind something new that it
         | doesn't understand, unless it turns out wrong. The memory of
         | being wrong, and having to face that stupidity or ignorance I
         | think is too much for the intellectual HN superego to bear, so
         | instead it hedges toward caution and skepticism. These are the
         | default and "sensible" positions if you value not being wrong,
         | and seeming right, and if the cost of "looking stupid" is too
         | perceptually high.
         | 
         | I'm not being too bearish on HN. The flipside is you can have
         | great informed discussions, with less noise and fluff than
         | elsewhere. But you can't find people so readily welcoming of
         | brave new worlds here. They are here, it's just that the
         | community sentiment / mass consciousness / superego of the
         | place shames and punishes any such enthusiasm that isn't backed
         | by hard facts and Wikipedia pages and common knowledge, etc.
         | And even then it's not on the whole welcomed as much as
         | scrutinized, pushed-back against, cross-examined and
         | interrogated. So that's a reaction limiter on those voices
         | speaking up here enthusiastically. Hey, they still do tho. Me
         | included.
         | 
         | I disliked it at first, and extreme examples I still dislike.
         | But I get it's just someone else's way of engaging or seeing
         | the world. That's a valid perspective, just as much as mine.
         | Even if I don't share it. It doesn't matter. Different
         | perspectives are normal.
         | 
         | And I find the awareness I now have of how the HN organism
         | might react to some post a useful different perspective. I
         | don't temper my enthusiasm for new stuff with it, but before
         | posting here, maybe I'll consider how people might react. Maybe
         | they won't be able to appreciate it.
         | 
         | But at the same time. HN is not homogenous. It's amorphous and
         | ever changing. The superego sentiment shifts, and there can be
         | many examples of HN embracing the new.
         | 
         | Given all that, it's good to see voices actually seeking to
         | engage more enthusiastically and openly with newness emerge
         | from the codified skeptical pit that is HN. I think this
         | picture that I paint above misses alot of the details and it
         | probably only 61-62% accurate but it's a fair enough take on HN
         | that I think might clarify some things for people, and
         | certainly does for me.
         | 
         | Tho honestly in the case of this article I would love to see
         | more technical analysis and less skepticism (or meta posts like
         | mine). I know I'm contributing to that, I'm just not skilled
         | enough in this area right now to analyze it, but would love to
         | read discussion of the technical details.
        
           | stocknoob wrote:
           | Excellent description of the HN mentality. Many are so afraid
           | of false positives they'll do a middlebrow dismissal of
           | everything. "Actually, XYZ isn't that great because..."
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24613148
        
         | fabian2k wrote:
         | University press releases are often just that bad, especially
         | the ones that lead to papers getting this kind of attention.
         | And this kind of dramatic overselling does deserve all this
         | skepticism.
        
       | arithmomachist wrote:
       | The relatively low energy density means it won't be replacing li-
       | ion batteries in vehicles any time soon. Where I could see this
       | technology shining is in low-power consumer electronics. For
       | example, since it's flexible, it could be used to make an e-ink
       | reader that's paper thin and flexes (somewhat) like paper.
        
       | jdhn wrote:
       | I like how they call out that it has 20% of the capacity of a
       | lithium ion battery of the same mass. I'd rather be realistic
       | about technological advances, and then be pleasently surprised
       | when it shows up in consumer products rather than have a glowing
       | press release and then we don't see it in production ever.
        
       | vardump wrote:
       | I wonder how this compares with Tesla's upcoming structural
       | batteries. They're also supposed to eliminate unnecessary
       | material by making the battery itself a part of car's structural
       | chassis.
       | 
       | https://electrek.co/2021/01/19/tesla-structural-battery-pack...
       | 
       | https://techcrunch.com/2020/09/22/future-teslas-will-have-ba...
        
         | vlovich123 wrote:
         | This literally is a structural battery. Says that in the first
         | sentence. This is about making a structural battery that's 10x
         | more efficient by using carbon fiber. How it compares to Tesla
         | is obviously unknown since both are technically vaporware. The
         | concept does sound revolutionary though so hopefully the
         | engineering pans out.
        
           | bildung wrote:
           | To add to that, what Tesla apparently calls structural
           | battery means integrating the battery _enclosure_ into the
           | chassis, whereas this research means integrating the battery
           | chemistry _itself_.
        
           | Geee wrote:
           | Tesla's structural battery is production-ready and will be
           | used first in the Berlin-made Model Y, with the new 4680
           | cells.
        
           | eloff wrote:
           | I would give the OP the benefit of the doubt that they
           | understand both are structural batteries and is wondering how
           | they compare in other battery metrics.
           | 
           | From this article, Tesla's blow these ones away - except
           | possibly as a structural element - and they're much closer to
           | being a real product.
        
             | vlovich123 wrote:
             | I tried but this phrase stood out to me:
             | 
             | > They're also supposed to eliminate unnecessary material
             | by making the battery itself a part of car's structural
             | chassis.
             | 
             | That implies they're believing the article isn't talking
             | about a structural chassis. Why are you treating this like
             | a fanboy competition? It can both be true that Tesla is
             | coming to market with a real product & that this
             | announcement is an important advancement in the state of
             | the art for structural batteries. They are totally
             | different ends of the spectrum with the latter portending
             | where the tech may be heading whereas the former is focused
             | on proving that it's ready for large scale prime time.
        
               | eloff wrote:
               | > That implies they're believing the article isn't
               | talking about a structural chassis.
               | 
               | "The're _also_ " The use of the word also means they
               | fully understand that both are structural.
               | 
               | > Why are you treating this like a fanboy competition?
               | 
               | WAT?
               | 
               | > It can both be true that Tesla is coming to market with
               | a real product & that this announcement is an important
               | advancement in the state of the art for structural
               | batteries.
               | 
               | Why not? If we take Tesla's statements at face value, it
               | does seem like they intend to reduce weight by using the
               | battery cells between two sheets of metal to function
               | sort of like corrugated cardboard and provide structural
               | support to the frame - as opposed to just being dead
               | weight.
               | 
               | If we look at this article, these guys have made a
               | battery using carbon fiber and fiberglass to make a
               | material that can store energy and provider structural
               | support.
               | 
               | Why would you think only one can be true? They're
               | independent.
        
       | shireboy wrote:
       | Tesla mentioned similar in their battery presser a few months
       | ago. One question that I have with the whole concept is if a
       | "structural battery" means you have to throw out the whole car
       | once the battery is EOL. I would hope Tesla is better than this,
       | but could totally see this happening, since it's the model many
       | laptop manufacturers are going for and it generally benefits them
       | to push consumers to refresh laptops/cars more frequently.
        
         | AstralStorm wrote:
         | Carbon electrode is resilient, you could get away with
         | refurbishing the anode in a process similar to painting or
         | soundproofing the car.
        
       | asattarmd wrote:
       | Since everyone is highly skeptical of this, is there an
       | alternative to Lithium ion batteries that is close to production
       | currently?
        
         | jleahy wrote:
         | No
        
         | scythe wrote:
         | This _is_ a lithium-ion battery. About half of the technologies
         | cited as  "replacements" for Li-ion are actually different Li-
         | ion chemistries. Cf. Li-S, "graphene", "nanowire", "solid-state
         | batteries", etc.
         | 
         | Sodium-sulfur batteries are _in_ production currently and can
         | compete on density with Li-ion, but lithium is cheaper and the
         | cost trend is expanding the gap. Silver oxide likewise (silver
         | is expensive!). We do have alternatives, but we _don 't_ have
         | good reasons to use them.
        
       | Causality1 wrote:
       | Funny that the usability study pop-up doesn't fit on my screen in
       | landscape orientation and totally breaks the site since I can't
       | dismiss it.
        
       | intrasight wrote:
       | My take is that there is some good science and engineering being
       | done here, so we should look past the marketing-speak. I could
       | totally see carbon fiber cylinders of this material landing in a
       | future bicycle, and I do see an eBike in my future.
        
       | mekkkkkk wrote:
       | If Leif is right in that it will eventually have triple the
       | energy density and stiffness, it might become really useful for
       | electric powered flight. You want to be in a situation were
       | having isolated internal supporting structures made of batteries
       | is enough. With the current specs you'll probably have to replace
       | every single structural component with batteries. Even that might
       | not do it.
        
       | the_french wrote:
       | This may be rather naive but wouldn't using an energy storage
       | mechanism for structural purposes be a bad idea?
       | 
       | That could mean that every fender bender now risks igniting the
       | hood of your car.
        
         | whoomp12342 wrote:
         | sounds like a great idea for consumerism.
        
       | JoeAltmaier wrote:
       | I wonder about performance/capacity over time as the material is
       | stressed/flexed. If its structural, it'll take mechanical load.
       | Thin films may not thrive.
        
       | lstodd wrote:
       | It will burn pretty.
        
       | twobitshifter wrote:
       | My concern with structural batteries is that if your battery
       | wears out (like all batteries before) then you not only need a
       | battery replacement but also a replacement of your cars subframe
       | or underbody. I think this would lead to cars being even more
       | disposable.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | And what about small dings? If it's anything like e.g. a li-ion
         | battery, just a small ding will already cause a short. In the
         | best case, that panel will no longer work as a battery. Worst
         | case it starts a fire.
        
       | gloryless wrote:
       | Using "massless" instead of "structural" should tell you that
       | this is in sales pitch mode
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | STRML wrote:
       | At 24 Wh/kg, it's going to take _a lot_ of this to produce an
       | amount of storage relevant to the needs of a vehicle, and that 's
       | ignoring the very high cost of the material.
       | 
       | For instance, the Alfa Romeo 4C had an (expensive) all-carbon tub
       | that weighed 65kg. At this storage efficiency, that's only 1.5
       | kWh... about enough to drive 5 miles in a standard-size vehicle.
       | 
       | Interesting nevertheless, but I can't see getting excited at this
       | density just yet, even if it is true.
        
         | gameswithgo wrote:
         | "about enough to drive 5 miles in a standard-size vehicle."
         | 
         | Are you accounting for the fact that the alpha romeo would no
         | longer have the mass of a separate battery pack? Might it be 10
         | miles?
         | 
         | Still needs improvement! Would it work out better in something
         | like an aptera?
        
         | ainiriand wrote:
         | It is infinitely greater than 0 anyway. You need the chassis in
         | any case, right? I think this is not meant as a replacement but
         | as a complement of other parts.
        
       | iandanforth wrote:
       | If this worked would it be compatible with wireless
       | communication? I know hardly any EE, but I wonder, if there are a
       | bunch of currents in your component housing doesn't that mean it
       | will be hard for an internal antenna to send and receive?
        
       | rexreed wrote:
       | "Massless" batteries are as much about lack of mass as
       | "Serverless" apps are about a lack of servers.
        
       | shadowgovt wrote:
       | I've been interested for awhile in how structural computing could
       | be done in this vein. Generally less important for cars right
       | now, but as self-driving technology evolves, I imagine auto
       | manufacturers may become increasingly interested in how to tuck
       | away enough processing power without sacrificing an entire trunk.
        
       | neals wrote:
       | There's a check-list floating around here on HN with all the
       | possible reasons why we won't be seeing this in production any
       | time soon, but I can't seem to find it. Hope some fellow HN'er
       | posts it so we can stop being all excited.
        
         | 7373737373 wrote:
         | ---------------------------------------------------------------
         | -
         | 
         | Dear battery technology claimant,
         | 
         | Thank you for your submission of proposed new revolutionary
         | battery technology. Your new technology claims to be superior
         | to existing lithium-ion technology and is just around the
         | corner from taking over the world. Unfortunately your
         | technology will likely fail, because:
         | 
         | [ ] it is impractical to manufacture at scale.
         | 
         | [ ] it will be too expensive for users.
         | 
         | [ ] it suffers from too few recharge cycles.
         | 
         | [ ] it is incapable of delivering current at sufficient levels.
         | 
         | [ ] it lacks thermal stability at low or high temperatures.
         | 
         | [ ] it lacks the energy density to make it sufficiently
         | portable.
         | 
         | [ ] it has too short of a lifetime.
         | 
         | [ ] its charge rate is too slow.
         | 
         | [ ] its materials are too toxic.
         | 
         | [ ] it is too likely to catch fire or explode.
         | 
         | [ ] it is too minimal of a step forward for anybody to care.
         | 
         | [ ] this was already done 20 years ago and didn't work then.
         | 
         | [ ] by this time it ships li-ion advances will match it.
         | 
         | [ ] your claims are lies.
         | 
         | ---------------------------------------------------------------
         | -
        
           | mromanuk wrote:
           | I would love to see a timely spreadsheet with each
           | breakthrough and how it went.
        
           | JoeAltmaier wrote:
           | * this was already done 20 years ago and didn't work then.*
           | 
           | This is a standard wet-blanket unhelpful remark that doesn't
           | belong in the list.
        
             | jandrese wrote:
             | Maybe it should say "didn't explain why it will work now
             | when it failed in the past"?
        
           | C4stor wrote:
           | >Your new technology claims to be superior to existing
           | lithium-ion
           | 
           | To be fair, it doesn't. The article is explicit that it's
           | only 20% as mass efficient s lithium-ion battery.
           | 
           | On the other hand, it's also true that the vehicle aluminium
           | mass is mostly dead weight, so exploiting it to serve as a
           | battery doesn't seem insane.
           | 
           | Except now, they need to know what to do when something hits
           | it, breaks it, etc... So I'm not convinced this is a good
           | idea for cars (or for anything), but at least, it goes in a
           | direction that actually seems new instead of just doing "same
           | but better". I could actually see that used as a support for
           | solar panels so that they would litterally ship "batteries
           | included".
        
             | azernik wrote:
             | Or even as a supplement to a conventional battery - being
             | able to squeeze in 10% more energy capacity without
             | expanding the battery could be a way to incrementally
             | improve range. And also possibly provide a small backup
             | power source in case of main battery failure.
        
             | Cthulhu_ wrote:
             | > To be fair, it doesn't
             | 
             | Well yeah, there's no check in the checklist, nobody
             | claimed that.
        
           | immmmmm wrote:
           | good points! having worked a bit in a close field i'd add:
           | 
           | [ ] is impossible to recycle
        
           | darksaints wrote:
           | I've seen this checklist before and it is infuriatingly lazy,
           | like taking the famous HN lowbrow dismissal and turning it
           | into a meme, but actually taking the meme seriously.
           | 
           | Lithium-Ion batteries are not the most superior battery. They
           | might be the best we have for _some_ use cases, but obviously
           | not all, or they would have 100% market share. They haven 't
           | replaced disposable alkaline batteries. They haven't replaced
           | AGP batteries. They haven't replaced Lead Acid batteries.
           | They haven't replaced Lithium Iron Phosphate batteries. There
           | are plenty of reasons why: cost, weight, safety, shelf life,
           | etc.
           | 
           | Since Lithium Ion doesn't have 100% market share, a useful
           | comparison does not have to be with Lithium Ion in order for
           | a battery technology to be a meaningful advance. And even if
           | it did, sometimes an advance in just one area can be enough
           | to overcome its disadvantages in other areas.
           | 
           | Example: I use Lithium Iron Phosphate in my sailboat. Yes, it
           | has lower energy density. Yes, it has lower power density.
           | Yes, it is more expensive. Yes, it has shorter lifecycle.
           | Yes, it has a slow charge rate. It has one solitary advantage
           | over lithium ion, and that single advantage is the difference
           | between life and death: it is more chemically stable and
           | thermally stable, and less likely to result in fires.
           | 
           | If you have a fire in your car, that sucks...but you can just
           | open up your car door and walk 20 feet to safety. You hop on
           | your cell phone and call AAA or a taxi or a friend. If you're
           | on a sailboat in the middle of the ocean, you can't do that.
           | Even if you've planned well, with a ditch kit, a liferaft,
           | and an EPIRB, you are still potentially several hours or even
           | days before someone can get to you to get you to safety. In
           | the meantime, you're floating on an ocean with waves taller
           | than your liferaft, with a limited supply of food and water,
           | and you have a tiny plastic membrane separating you from a
           | place where you would need constant energy to survive and
           | where you are no longer the top of the food chain.
           | 
           | So with all due respect, fuck lithium ion. And fuck this
           | list. There is plenty of room for advances in battery
           | technology, and we don't need religious charlatans from the
           | Cult of Musk shitting on every single battery tech
           | announcement.
        
             | _ph_ wrote:
             | The point isn't that Lithium Ion batteries are that great,
             | but that most of the press articles are hyping something
             | which at best is a few years in the future. There is a huge
             | gap between even the best science and a technology which is
             | ready for production and can be rolled out into large-scale
             | manufacturing. Even if there are for-real samples around
             | for people to play with, it could take years until they
             | make it into a car. And then of course, there is some risk
             | that the initial science isn't even good. That happens too.
        
       | OliverJones wrote:
       | Batteries are a kind of semiconductor. They're bigger than
       | others, but still semiconductors.
       | 
       | Most kinds of semiconductors have a stage in the history of their
       | development where their cost / performance ratio does am
       | exponential Moore's - law plunge. Batteries could get there. So,
       | all sorts of research are good.
       | 
       | In the meantime, maybe this kind of tech could be used to combine
       | PV solar panels with electrical storage.
        
       | fabian2k wrote:
       | There's an article in German that is very critical of the
       | comparisons they make:
       | 
       | https://www.golem.de/news/akkutechnik-das-maerchen-von-der-m...
       | 
       | Essentially the author argues that a comparison with state-of the
       | art cells would mean that they achieve only 8-10% of the capacity
       | per weight of conventional cells. There's a bunch of other
       | specific criticisms in there about comparisons made in the paper.
        
       | yayr wrote:
       | My main concern would be about reusability. Current battery tech
       | is quite limited with respect to how many charging cycles it
       | supports. So do we need to throw away a bike with structural
       | battery pack then in future, once the charging cycles have
       | expired or someone forgot to regularly keep the battery charged?
        
       | geocrasher wrote:
       | "Researchers from Chalmers University of Technology have produced
       | a structural battery that performs ten times better than all
       | previous versions"
       | 
       | It's 10 times more everything, just like every other battery
       | breakthrough in the last several decades. AND, you get to use it
       | as a building material?
       | 
       | - Sounds too good to be true: Check
       | 
       | - Sounds like every other "big" breakthrough: Check
       | 
       | - Article light on science and heavy on assertions: Check
       | 
       | - Skepticism engaged: Check
        
         | michaelt wrote:
         | _> It 's 10 times more everything, just like every other
         | battery breakthrough in the last several decades._
         | 
         | Has the article been changed since you posted this comment?
         | Because the article I've seen was pretty clear:
         | 
         | "Its multifunctional performance is ten times higher than
         | previous structural battery prototypes. [...] The battery has
         | an energy density of 24 Wh/kg, meaning approximately 20 percent
         | capacity compared to comparable lithium-ion batteries currently
         | available."
         | 
         | A battery strong enough to be a structural component, at the
         | cost of 80% of its capacity-per-unit-weight, doesn't sound so
         | hard to believe.
        
         | gameswithgo wrote:
         | You didn't read the article carefully. One of the things it
         | mentions is that it is 20% less energy dense than lithium ion.
         | Sounds terrible, but the upside is you make the car chassis out
         | of battery, so you haven't added weight to it. The net result
         | could be very good, or maybe they need to work on it and
         | improve on the 20%.
         | 
         | Going further with the battery news cynicism idea, batteries
         | have steadily improved over the last 50 years, to an amazing
         | degrees, because of steady breakthroughs causing small
         | improvements. It is why we can have iphones and tesla today.
        
           | nybble41 wrote:
           | > 20% less energy dense than lithium ion
           | 
           | That's 20% _as_ dense (1 /5 the density), not 20% _less_
           | dense (4 /5 the density).
           | 
           | As for replacing the chassis--a Tesla Model S has 1,200 lbs
           | of batteries, and the aluminum chassis weighs 410 lbs.
           | Assuming this new material replaces the aluminum pound-for-
           | pound, that would store enough energy to displace about 82
           | lbs of ordinary lithium ion batteries for a ~5% reduction in
           | total weight. If the energy density were somehow on par with
           | lithium ion then it would save 410 lbs, or 25% of the total
           | weight.
        
           | tromp wrote:
           | 5x less dense is 80% less dense.
        
             | nybble41 wrote:
             | "5x less" would be "x - 5x" or -4x, which of course is
             | nonsense as density can't be negative. "5x as sparse" works
             | if you define sparsity as the inverse of density.
        
         | DebtDeflation wrote:
         | Even the term "massless" is kind of silly. "Structural" should
         | be sufficiently descriptive as most people can infer that if
         | you build the structure out of the material you don't incur any
         | ADDITIONAL weight penalty for the battery (assuming the
         | mass/strength characteristics of the battery are similar to
         | other structural material).
        
         | jlg23 wrote:
         | The article explicitly states that is comparing against other
         | prototypes of massless storage, and that energy density is 20%
         | of lithium ion batteries. It then goes on to explain why they
         | still think it is a breakthrough.
        
         | jxramos wrote:
         | "heavy on assertions", I'm going to remember that one. That's a
         | good bottom line characterization to ask oneself.
        
         | ok123456 wrote:
         | In this house we obey the laws of thermodynamics.
        
           | stjohnswarts wrote:
           | I know what my next (self) carved den plaque is going to say
           | now.
        
         | michaelbuckbee wrote:
         | I wonder if the switch from Nickel Cadmium to Lithium Ion
         | batteries was also hyped the same way (my google fu is failing
         | me).
         | 
         | But even there, I feel like you can't just sum things up and
         | say "LiIon are 10x better than Nickel Cadmium" there's a whole
         | range of requirements.
        
         | raducu wrote:
         | I couldn't find anything about net inprovement over "massfull"
         | batteries.
        
         | eganist wrote:
         | In reality, it's 5x worse than current LiIon tech(from the same
         | article):
         | 
         | > The battery has an energy density of 24 Wh/kg, meaning
         | approximately 20 percent capacity compared to comparable
         | lithium-ion batteries currently available. But since the weight
         | of the vehicles can be greatly reduced, less energy will be
         | required to drive an electric car, for example, and lower
         | energy density also results in increased safety. And with a
         | stiffness of 25 GPa, the structural battery can really compete
         | with many other commonly used construction materials.
         | 
         | This seems a bit more believable. Whether it'll actually be
         | used in that manner is to be seen, but this seems more down to
         | earth. And while the article seems to put emphasis on using it
         | to save weight, it's probably more effective to use it to add
         | capacity while maintaining weight.
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | For a Tesla Model 3, the vehicle is about 1600Kg with
           | battery, and the battery is about 500Kg. The battery is
           | heavy, but less than a third of the vehicle weight.
           | 
           | Aircraft, though... Aircraft already have "wet wings", which
           | are fuel tanks. If the battery provided some of the wing's
           | structural strength, that might work. Probably worth trying
           | in military drones first.
        
         | pizzazzaro wrote:
         | Dont forget, it the battery still needs replacing eventually.
         | Oh, its in the structure of the device?
         | 
         | Well that sucks. Talk about planned obsolesence.
        
         | callesgg wrote:
         | Presumably that should be read: Better than previous "massless
         | battery's".                   "... produced a structural
         | battery that performs ten times better than all previous
         | versions"
        
           | TheAdamAndChe wrote:
           | I recommend people read the article, it actually has some
           | information. More info:
           | 
           | "The battery has an energy density of 24 Wh/kg, meaning
           | approximately 20 percent capacity compared to comparable
           | lithium-ion batteries currently available. But since the
           | weight of the vehicles can be greatly reduced, less energy
           | will be required to drive an electric car, for example"
           | 
           | "the researchers did not choose the materials to try and
           | break records - rather, they wanted to investigate and
           | understand the effects of material architecture and separator
           | thickness." - this implies there may be a lot of room for
           | improvement with this design.
        
             | ThomPete wrote:
             | then the question becomes how are they solving for the
             | increased heat.
        
               | TheAdamAndChe wrote:
               | In increased surface area-to-mass ratio would probably
               | make this easier.
        
               | ThomPete wrote:
               | Which makes it heavier no?
        
               | TheAdamAndChe wrote:
               | No. A rectangular block of a typical battery has a much
               | lower surface area-to-mass ratio than a tube, even if
               | their weights are the same. It's why cooling fins on a
               | CPU are long and skinny. Such length and skinniness makes
               | heat dissipation much easier.
        
               | ThomPete wrote:
               | But if the energy density is higher wouldn't you need
               | more material to cool down the area?
        
           | m463 wrote:
           | Add a qualifier and you can claim almost anything!
           | 
           | The Fastest Sports car! [1]
           | 
           | [1] _with a 3.2-liter horizontally opposed flat 6-cylinder
           | engine_
        
             | rzwitserloot wrote:
             | Indeed. From the perspective of battery chemistry
             | technology this paper is utterly unremarkable.
             | 
             | But then that's not what it is about. The breakthrough is
             | (oversimplifying here) that they invented a way to whack a
             | bog-standard smartphone battery into the middle of a bunch
             | of layers of building material, such that about 20% of the
             | weight of the end product is battery, whilst the material
             | is still strong enough to not cause a Samsung Galaxy Note
             | style oopsie when structurally compromised, and to be
             | strong enough to build with, and to have some of the mass
             | of the battery improve the structural integrity of the
             | whole, even.
             | 
             | The idea being: Take your tesla. Take the batteries out.
             | Smash em to paste. Remove ~20% of the atoms from the
             | chassis materials and replace them with your paste.
             | 
             | Voila - made your car 20% lighter.
        
               | m463 wrote:
               | btw, tesla is already doing that in production now. They
               | have a new structural battery, although no carbon fiber
               | yet.
               | 
               | I think there might be lots more low hanging fruit, their
               | cars weigh quite a bit.
        
         | teekert wrote:
         | For me has gotten down to this: "New" and "Battery" in title =>
         | Don't read, not worth enthusiasm.
        
           | tonyedgecombe wrote:
           | Yet we have had massive increases in battery performance over
           | the last couple decades.
        
         | rzwitserloot wrote:
         | It may really be 10x, but you've mischaracterized what the
         | paper is claiming a 10x breakthrough for. In fairness, the
         | linked article is light on the specifics.
         | 
         | The claim is:
         | 
         | __This battery holds 10x more charge per kilo of material than
         | previous attempts at STRUCTURAL (massless) battery materials__.
         | 
         | To be specific, this material holds only _ONE FIFTH_ the charge
         | of what your smartphone's battery can hold per kilo of battery.
         | No laws of thermodynamics is being broken and this is not at
         | all about battery chemistry. It's all about the 'physics' of
         | construction materials: About how this stuff is made in the
         | factory and layered. The basic battery chemistry going on is
         | not much different from what's been available for years - the
         | interesting part is how this material encases it.
         | 
         | You can't make a car by building the chassis out of smartphone
         | batteries. But the promise of this paper is that you CAN build
         | the car chassis out of this battery, and even if this battery
         | is only 20% as effective, a car chassis is rather large, and
         | you needed it anyway, so every drop of power you can store in
         | the chassis itself was effectively 'free' - hence the somewhat
         | hyperbolous 'massless' terminology.
        
           | UncleOxidant wrote:
           | Having the chassis of the car be the battery seems
           | problematic. Once the battery is worn out the whole car must
           | be disposed of.
        
           | mattrick wrote:
           | I'm wondering if these batteries will maintain their capacity
           | over time. I think part of the appeal of traditional battery
           | packs is you can replace them as they wear out and hold less
           | charge. If they do degrade, hopefully a chassis/ battery
           | replacement won't be too expensive.
        
             | reader_mode wrote:
             | I've seen estimates that put modern battery at the expected
             | age/mileages comparable to ICE expected lifetimes - at
             | 300-500k miles you usually replace the car anyway,
             | especially modern ones with so much electronics inside,
             | those will probably get outdated way faster
        
           | Justsignedup wrote:
           | Leads to a lot of potential if the support structure is also
           | the battery. Even as you said, if you have to still have more
           | of it, you don't add weight to store a charge, and if you
           | already need a lot of structure, you're fine.
           | 
           | Having said that, the car chasis is not juuuust about holding
           | up a roof and the humans inside. You also have to handle
           | impact stresses, you don't want it discharging on the poor
           | inhabitants as the car is being hit, etc.
           | 
           | This sounds like a step, out of many, the the direction of
           | lighter cars or aircraft that are electrically powered. It
           | also doesn't have to be the only tech. If we can eliminate
           | say 20% of the battery weight by making the frunk/trunk
           | casings out of this material, some other inner parts of the
           | car, we can use it as part of the solution.
        
           | rini17 wrote:
           | What about bicycles?
        
           | mromanuk wrote:
           | Even more interesting for aviation industry.
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | Cars? Probably not.
           | 
           | Drones? Military drones or aircraft? (The paper mentions ARL)
           | Quite possibly. What this promises is that anywhere you would
           | have a strut or panel made from carbon fiber as a load-
           | bearing element, you can have it store some energy for you as
           | well.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | extropy wrote:
             | Drones not likely. Their improved stiffness of 75 gpa is 2x
             | less than carbon fiber.
             | 
             | So you could literally make the frame 2x lighter with
             | carbon fiber and put that 50% of weight in batteries
             | getting you 2x+ more capacity.
             | 
             | Cars more likely as it's roughly on par with aluminum.
             | Still the cost will be way more than plain aluminum or even
             | steel body.
        
               | semi-extrinsic wrote:
               | Doesn't the carbon fibre argument work for cars as well?
               | CF is becoming increasingly common and affordable, as are
               | normal batteries.
        
             | erikerikson wrote:
             | > Cars? Probably not.
             | 
             | Why not cars?
        
               | Pokepokalypse wrote:
               | When the battery needs replacement, what do you do?
               | 
               | You toss the car in a landfill and stamp out a new one in
               | the factory.
               | 
               | So probably better for drones and things that have a
               | short lifetime anyway.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | ajuc wrote:
               | Because structure makes up a small percent of an electric
               | car mass and batteries make up a big percent of electric
               | car mass.
               | 
               | Let's say that it's 10% for structure and 30% for
               | batteries.
               | 
               | If you decrease energy density of batteries several times
               | now they take up let's say 90% of the car mass and the
               | only thing you saved was 10% :)
        
               | framecowbird wrote:
               | 10% for structure might be an underestimate. I did a
               | Google and it suggested 25% for suspension and chassis
               | and another 25% for body. Obviously that includes more
               | than what you could make a battery, but I reckon it's
               | more than 10%.
               | 
               | Also, even if it's only 10% weight you are saving, that
               | sounds pretty good to me!
        
           | ctdonath wrote:
           | Note that Tesla Cybertruck is using battery pack as a
           | structural element.
        
             | geocrasher wrote:
             | The battery _pack_ yes. The _batteries_? I would guess not.
        
               | ctdonath wrote:
               | It's a step in that direction others haven't made yet.
        
           | znpy wrote:
           | You comment is more useful than the article, just so you
           | know.
        
           | vbezhenar wrote:
           | Hopefully it'll be easy to repair. I'd hate to replace entire
           | chassis because of light collision.
        
             | stjohnswarts wrote:
             | I would like a very simple electric car, simple motor(s),
             | simple electronics to repair, no GPS or phone home
             | necessary (I want to download on my time, send me a
             | text/email/whatever about critical downloads). I want
             | something easy and cheap to repair, have the simplicity of
             | electric motors, and run 20 years with very little
             | maintenance. I don't 30 computers running on my computer. I
             | just want to get from A to B and it not cost me 80-100k for
             | a decent electric vehicle. Tesla and others are
             | overengineered for what they do and that complexity adds to
             | failure rate and cost of ownership.
        
               | waiseristy wrote:
               | You're not going to get around the 5-10 computers
               | required for basic 21st century automotive safety. But,
               | the rest of what you are describing is the status-quo for
               | quite a few Chinese 'budget' brands.
               | 
               | I'm betting once EVs start making their way into fleets,
               | you'll find your 300k mile, low maintenance, minimal
               | electronics American/German brand.
        
               | Afton wrote:
               | Aren't you describing a Nissan Leaf? I can't really speak
               | to the repairability, because even though I've had it 2
               | years, I haven't had to do anything but charge it. Oh,
               | once I had to put more air in the tires. Great little
               | car, with about a 70 mile range on my 2017 model.
        
             | gmueckl wrote:
             | If your fender bender short-circuited your battery and
             | ignited it, you might need a wee bit more than just a new
             | chassis.
             | 
             | (This is not a claim that the batteries described in the
             | article are a fire hazard - I don't know)
        
               | bbarnett wrote:
               | A mechanic working on a car, with enough juice to fry
               | him, and no way to separate the battery from car?
               | 
               | I guess a full discharge first.
               | 
               | But what about your accident, and the jaws of life? Will
               | they conduct? Will the wrenched apart car have conductive
               | edges?
        
               | shadowgovt wrote:
               | Interestingly, these are actual concerns that
               | firefighters have regarding both Teslas and self-driving
               | cars. The relevant companies put out explainers and
               | training videos on how to do a rescue in these vehicles.
               | 
               | In the Teslas, the power system is shunted through a
               | single disconnect point... Cutting that line isolates the
               | battery from the rest of the vehicle.
               | 
               | In Waymo cars, firefighters needed to be made aware that
               | high-power electrical conduit and liquid cooling channels
               | go up through the pillars, which are usually empty of
               | energized components or contain only low-power channels
               | (for things like overhead lights).
        
               | bmurphy1976 wrote:
               | That's interesting. I never considered this to be a
               | problem but it makes sense. This could be quite
               | challenging if every car manufacturer does something
               | different, but I suspect over time just like with ICE
               | cars they'll iterate towards some local optimum and
               | things start to be very similar.
        
               | omegaworks wrote:
               | >I suspect over time just like with ICE cars they'll
               | iterate towards some local optimum and things start to be
               | very similar.
               | 
               | This doesn't happen organically. Manufacturers were
               | happily iterating toward a different optimum before
               | regulation forced their hands.
               | 
               | https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/27/automobiles/50-years-
               | ago-...
        
             | Frost1x wrote:
             | My thoughts exactly. Load bearing structures tend to be
             | permanent or not frequently changed (on the order of
             | decades). Now someone wants to place a battery in that
             | structure?
             | 
             | I hope they develop a mechanism that allows exchange of the
             | battery and can bear load without the battery with some
             | sort of mechanical movement that can shift the load to a
             | more permanent structure (not that this is necessarily a
             | good idea either but proposing an option). Or, perhaps the
             | battery never needs changed, and by that I mean the life of
             | the product lasts as long as it would with a replaceable
             | battery. They can't just redefine the life of the product
             | as the life of the battery to get around this (unless the
             | life if the product was already defined by the life of the
             | battery for a long time before).
        
             | ud_0 wrote:
             | Repairability is guaranteed to be impossible if you have
             | that level of integration, and I suspect that is a big part
             | of the motivation behind adopting this.
        
               | duckfang wrote:
               | Indeed. And having worked with a wide variety of
               | batteries.... I would hate to see a 'load bearing battery
               | under torsional stress'. Just ow.
        
               | stainforth wrote:
               | Explosion?
        
             | woah wrote:
             | If you damage carbon fiber you generally won't be repairing
             | it. This doesn't sound like it will be a very big
             | limitation for similar use cases.
        
               | hasmolo wrote:
               | carbon fiber repair is definitely a thing. i've had a few
               | carbon bike frames break and had them repaired without
               | any issues. there's a few places that specialize in this
        
               | Gravityloss wrote:
               | Many ultramodern carbon fiber processes don't use an
               | autoclave so one might be able to do production grade
               | repairs in-place.
        
           | westurner wrote:
           | > _You can 't make a car by building the chassis out of
           | smartphone batteries_
           | 
           | They're called _Structural batteries_ (or _[micro]structural
           | super /ultracapacitors_)
           | 
           | "Carmakers want to ditch battery packs, use auto bodies for
           | energy storage" (2020,)
           | https://arstechnica.com/cars/2020/11/carmakers-want-to-
           | ditch...
        
             | falcor84 wrote:
             | This is literally what TFA is about
        
         | mromanuk wrote:
         | It's surprising how all breakthroughs are precisely, always, 10
         | times better. Let's wait until a HN battery expert tell us
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | k__ wrote:
           | Maybe nobody does research on tech that isn't at least 10
           | times better than the stuff we already have?
        
             | mratzloff wrote:
             | A 2x increase for battery storage would be game changing
             | for a wide variety of use cases. Electric vehicles,
             | industrial applications...
        
               | xbmcuser wrote:
               | Battery tech is improving at around 10% a year. Lithium
               | Battery density has tippled in the last 10 years people
               | on hacker news like to comment on how new battery
               | technology has not done anything but since those comments
               | started a decade ago battery density has trippled.
               | 
               | https://cleantechnica.com/2020/02/19/bloombergnef-
               | lithium-io...
        
               | tartoran wrote:
               | If it's improving at a rate of 10% per year, a 2x would
               | take 4-5 years to achieve so a 2X is really a good
               | improvement. I wonder where we'd be right now had we not
               | gone the ICE route.
        
             | xbmcuser wrote:
             | Reality is most new technologies need to be 10 times better
             | to get investment. Otherwise it is generally assumed that
             | by the time new technology gets into production the older
             | tech will still have cost advantage. This is the main
             | reason why we need government investments for unprofitable
             | research.
        
           | noworld wrote:
           | http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2011-03/28/artificial-
           | le...
        
           | cinntaile wrote:
           | "Its multifunctional performance is ten times higher than
           | previous structural battery prototypes."
           | 
           | The problem is we don't really know what multifunctional
           | performance means or how it's defined, but maybe this is a
           | common metric in battery technology?
           | 
           | edit: I skimmed the actual paper linked in the article and it
           | doesn't mention a 10x improvement.
           | 
           | "Structural battery composite materials, exploiting
           | multifunctional constituents, have been realized and
           | demonstrate an energy density of 24 Wh kg-1 and an elastic
           | modulus of 25 GPa. Their combined electrochemical and
           | mechanical properties outperform all previous structural
           | battery materials reported in the literature. "
        
         | davesque wrote:
         | Also, "ten times better _than all previous versions_. " So how
         | good were the previous versions?
        
         | briangerman wrote:
         | Yeah if its not from this guy
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B._Goodenough then its not
         | good enough.
        
         | stjohnswarts wrote:
         | Seems like making it part of the mass of the car results in a
         | lot of waste when the car is eventually retired as it would
         | probably be hard to separate anything recyclable.
        
         | macspoofing wrote:
         | I understand your skepticism (or maybe cynicism). These kinds
         | of articles have been coming out for years. Usually it's some
         | research group in some University that improved on some narrow
         | aspect of the particular part of material science they focus on
         | and then wildly extrapolate the benefits (with the help of
         | media) ... like here where they say: "Super light electric
         | bikes and consumer electronics could soon be a reality" ... I'm
         | sure this 'COULD' be a reality. Will it though?
        
       | jonplackett wrote:
       | If it's part of the structure, what happens when you have a
       | crash?
        
       | reimertz wrote:
       | I understand and value the skepticism but for those who wants the
       | science behind their claim, please read their paper "A Structural
       | Battery and its Multifunctional Performance"(also referenced in
       | the article).
       | 
       | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aesr.202000093
        
         | h2odragon wrote:
         | I'm thinking "backing, bracing, encasing" solar cells...
         | wondering about interactions with heat and insulation; they
         | used to sell "precast wall panels" that were aluminum over foam
         | and cool to work with. This might be "powerwall" bait.
        
       | mikkelam wrote:
       | perhaps the title should reflect that this is not a regular
       | battery per se, but a structural battery, i.e, a battery that can
       | give mechanical integrity.
        
       | covfefeblack wrote:
       | Carbon fibre. There is nothing it can't do. Except leave the lab.
        
       | nabla9 wrote:
       | > Funding has come from the European Commission's research
       | program Clean Sky II, as well as the US Airforce.
       | 
       | Carbon fiber structural battery would be ideal for aviation.
       | 
       | Of course, scientific discovery is not the same as engineering
       | solution, this is just early stage research.
        
       | dcanelhas wrote:
       | In applications where the battery is only providing auxiliary
       | power, such as for bicycles this would be really neat.
        
       | agumonkey wrote:
       | I was joking the other day but when are we getting regenerative
       | crashing ?
        
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