[HN Gopher] Science relies on constructive criticism. How to kee...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Science relies on constructive criticism. How to keep it useful and
       respectful
        
       Author : nabla9
       Score  : 78 points
       Date   : 2021-03-25 08:21 UTC (14 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.sciencemag.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.sciencemag.org)
        
       | mdpopescu wrote:
       | Why, exactly, is one supposed to be respectful of - to put it
       | mildly - people who are "not even wrong"? What is the purpose of
       | that respect or, conversely, what is gained if we dismiss out of
       | hand criticism because it is not respectful?
        
         | Mountain_Skies wrote:
         | Redefining words to get's one way is now a staple of
         | contemporary discourse. The problem with any policy of
         | dismissing commentary that is disrespectful is that the
         | definition of disrespectful will simply be changed until all
         | contrary arguments have been banned for being disrespectful.
         | How many times over the past year have common words suddenly
         | had new definitions added to them for political expediency?
         | Seems like quite a bit and we're told "no, that's always been
         | part of the definition" even while print evidence and cached
         | Internet Archive records show otherwise.
        
         | avs733 wrote:
         | >what is gained if we dismiss out of hand criticism because it
         | is not respectful?
         | 
         | As someone who has experienced some of this, the criticism
         | isn't being dismissed because its disrespectful. It is being
         | dismissed because the disrespect is the point, and the only
         | point in many cases. It is not criticism, the criticism is a
         | bad faith label to immunize the disrespect from consequences.
        
         | Frost1x wrote:
         | You shouldn't dismiss a criticism just because it's delivered
         | rudely. At the same time, why deliver a criticism rudely? What
         | does that gain over delivering it politely?
         | 
         | Usually, if you're delivering a criticism, the intent is to
         | inform the other party of some type of flaw that exists that
         | you've observed or experienced. If you hope they fix that flaw,
         | you're bound to get better results delivering the criticism
         | politely than rudely ("you get more bees with honey than
         | vinegar").
         | 
         | Sometimes you do have to deliver the information in a more
         | abrasive fashion because you've painfully exhausted all polite
         | approaches and the criticism has to be conveyed (usually
         | because time sensitivity), but it should not be the first
         | approach, it should be a last resort. Personally I argue that
         | should only be done if there is a imminent danger of some sort
         | (e.g. no, you're wrong the house will explode if we don't turn
         | the gas off and put the fire out), otherwise you should simply
         | agree to disagree before that point and try again another time
         | or hope the other party may think about your argument more.
        
         | hn8788 wrote:
         | Because we're human beings, and it doesn't matter how right you
         | are if nobody can stand having you around. I'd wager that a
         | group of "average" researchers that can be respectful and get
         | along is going to get more done than a genius that nobody will
         | work with because they're an ass.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | abhayhegde wrote:
         | > _What is gained if we dismiss out of hand criticism because
         | it is not respectful?_
         | 
         | If I were to understand this correctly (ignore if I
         | misinterpret), you are saying out of hand criticism is fine
         | since we would gain something, be it necessary correction or
         | the undeniable truth. But if you were to criticize and suggest
         | an alternative path to the truth, why say it harshly? Why bring
         | in unnecessary shame to the person behind all the hard work?
         | There is no reason be to so arrogant.
        
           | mdpopescu wrote:
           | Sorry, my bad. "Out of hand" was supposed to go with
           | "dismiss". "We dismiss without analyzing it because it's un-
           | respectful."
           | 
           | As for the second part, I will reuse an answer I've given
           | before: I am tired of the lying, and I do consider politeness
           | to be lying. "Yes, your children are smart and beautiful" and
           | "that dress doesn't make you fat" (your fat does) can only be
           | repeated so many times.
           | 
           | A lot of people disagree with me :)
        
             | watwut wrote:
             | If your honesty is all about insulting people and never
             | something positive, then it says more about you then about
             | honesty itself.
             | 
             | Also, you don't have to comment on other people children at
             | all. What is even the point of judging whether someone kids
             | look beautifully or not? I doubt people comment on your
             | beauty either.
        
             | kergonath wrote:
             | Being harsh and abrasive is not the same thing as being
             | honest. Just respect the people even when you are
             | demonstrating that their ideas are stupid. Everyone say
             | stupid things at some point, there is no need to be an
             | arsehole.
        
               | mdpopescu wrote:
               | I understand this, and even agree with it up to a point.
               | However, sometimes the gap between worldviews is too
               | large.
               | 
               | Here's a few hypotheticals:
               | 
               | - you're a Christian trying to politely explain to a
               | Satanist that you dislike sacrificing children to Moloch
               | 
               | - you're a transgender trying to politely explain to a
               | rabid transphobe that maybe you have a right to live your
               | life as you see fit
               | 
               | - you're a doctor explaining to someone that vaccines are
               | not a conspiracy to kill the population
               | 
               | - you're someone genuinely scared of the possibility of
               | raised water levels in a few decades talking to the owner
               | of a 3 mpg monster truck
               | 
               | Now, how long do you think you can last being polite?
               | More to the point, WHY?
        
               | aaron695 wrote:
               | > - you're someone genuinely scared of the possibility of
               | raised water levels in a few decades talking to the owner
               | of a 3 mpg monster truck
               | 
               | Someone 'genuinely scared' of raised water levels in a
               | few decades is as nutty as someone who's 'genuinely
               | scared' of QAnon or vaccines.
               | 
               | A 3 mpg monster truck owner might have chosen to not have
               | any children, so are not raping the planet like breeders.
               | 
               | If I'm - "you're someone genuinely scared " then I'm
               | pretty close to mentally ill. If my brain is
               | malfunctioning generally it'll be much harder to deal
               | with conflict. Why not just _chat_ to someone who owns a
               | truck, for my own mental health reasons.
        
               | kergonath wrote:
               | Right. In these contexts my reply is usually "fuck off".
               | Similarly with people arguing in bad faith. Life is too
               | short to waste time with lunatics, but at the same time
               | there is no point attacking them.
               | 
               | I have seen few complete nutcases in a scientific
               | context, though. But sometimes decent people have strange
               | opinions about, say, vaccines, in which case I tend to
               | change subject or walk away.
        
               | toomanyrichies wrote:
               | Seems to me like it's a matter of gauging the other
               | person's willingness to change their mind (an admittedly
               | difficult task in itself). If there is no argument or
               | evidence that you could present which would be good
               | enough to do so, the entire conversation seems to be
               | pointless and it's probably best to just walk away. If
               | they _are_ in fact open to being proven wrong, doing so
               | politely may still not work (i.e. they may be able to
               | counter any point you make), but the odds are better than
               | if one does so rudely. All other things being equal, we
               | 're more likely to be persuaded by someone we like (or at
               | least are neutral toward) than someone we dislike.
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | > Now, how long do you think you can last being polite?
               | 
               | Difficult, I admit. I don't have tons of patience with
               | the clearly-wrong-but-backed-by-spurious-arguments-and-
               | willing-to-argue-forever types.
               | 
               | > More to the point, WHY?
               | 
               | At least in the case of the doctor, because if the person
               | is your patient, _it 's part of your job_. And even if
               | they aren't, it's still a health concern. Reach them if
               | you can.
               | 
               | Now, there's a place for a verbal smackdown if you're at
               | a party, say, and this person starts telling the room
               | their anti-vax baloney. It's important that the room not
               | believe this person. But still, be as polite as you can.
        
         | watwut wrote:
         | If you dont, you have no business to complain when people
         | around you start to treat you the same way. Or when they
         | finally get sick of you, retaliate and try to push you out.
        
       | EricE wrote:
       | "The science is settled!"
       | 
       | Often uttered by people who should know better - or probably do
       | but don't care because it's a politically expedient statement.
       | 
       | Not a bad article, but the real elephant in the room these days
       | is how to have a dissenting viewpoint and NOT get your carrier
       | ruined.
        
         | philliphaydon wrote:
         | The media is notorious for spreading "the science is settle",
         | and the reaction of the public to label anyone a denier if
         | someone doesn't think /exactly/ the same way, has ruined
         | science for me.
        
           | AnimalMuppet wrote:
           | It shouldn't ruin science for you. It should ruin the media
           | and the public for you.
        
         | Mountain_Skies wrote:
         | As pushback continues to mount against this political behavior
         | in science, those who created the environment, sensing a loss
         | of power, will push more of these "can't we just get along"
         | articles in an attempt to silence those pushing back against
         | their bullying and political gamesmanship. Far beyond this
         | situation, attacking and then suing for peace, then attacking
         | and suing for peace, over and over again is a timeless battle
         | tactic. Those who want to do science instead of engaging in
         | political battles are easy targets for this tactic because they
         | just want things to end so they can go back to research. Those
         | who wield science as a sword for political purposes of course
         | will take advantage of this weakness and the manipulation will
         | never end by concession.
         | 
         | If science journalists are serious about wanting peace, they
         | can adopt a zero tolerance policy for politics in their
         | content, including the passive aggressive writing that attempts
         | to sneak in political attacks inside other content. But they
         | won't because ultimately the politics are far more important
         | than the science. If it were otherwise, they wouldn't have
         | gotten into this situation in the first place.
        
       | wombatmobile wrote:
       | How to Criticize with Kindness: Philosopher Daniel Dennett on the
       | Four Steps to Arguing Intelligently [0]
       | 
       | 1. You should attempt to re-express your target's position so
       | clearly, vividly, and fairly that your target says, "Thanks, I
       | wish I'd thought of putting it that way."
       | 
       | 2. You should list any points of agreement (especially if they
       | are not matters of general or widespread agreement).
       | 
       | 3. You should mention anything you have learned from your target.
       | 
       | 4. Only then are you permitted to say so much as a word of
       | rebuttal or criticism.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.brainpickings.org/2014/03/28/daniel-dennett-
       | rapo...
        
         | mistermann wrote:
         | I wonder how useful to society it would be if there was a
         | website that had an implementation of this, so internet
         | arguments could be moderated with some structure.
        
         | troelsSteegin wrote:
         | If you think about your role in an argument as attempting to
         | revise your counterparty's beliefs, steps 1-3 represent an
         | agreed on prior, and step 4 represents introduction of new
         | evidence which you hope to be persuasive. As well, a key piece
         | of this Dennett process is demonstrating to your counterparty
         | that you are listening and that you have heard them - so that
         | there is a better chance that they will listen to you. The
         | scientfic process creates a frame for this kind of dialog. A
         | polarized political process annihilates the frame, so that
         | whatever you say does not matter relative to what I think.
         | Kindness begins and ends with the act of listening.
        
         | casefields wrote:
         | Throw in Bertrand Russell's Liberal Decalogue and we have a
         | great foundation:
         | 
         | 1. Do not feel absolutely certain of anything.
         | 
         | 2. Do not think it worth while to proceed by concealing
         | evidence, for the evidence is sure to come to light.
         | 
         | 3. Never try to discourage thinking for you are sure to
         | succeed.
         | 
         | 4. When you meet with opposition, even if it should be from
         | your husband or your children, endeavor to overcome it by
         | argument and not by authority, for a victory dependent upon
         | authority is unreal and illusory.
         | 
         | 5. Have no respect for the authority of others, for there are
         | always contrary authorities to be found.
         | 
         | 6. Do not use power to suppress opinions you think pernicious,
         | for if you do the opinions will suppress you.
         | 
         | 7. Do not fear to be eccentric in opinion, for every opinion
         | now accepted was once eccentric.
         | 
         | 8. Find more pleasure in intelligent dissent than in passive
         | agreement, for, if you value intelligence as you should, the
         | former implies a deeper agreement than the latter.
         | 
         | 9. Be scrupulously truthful, even if the truth is inconvenient,
         | for it is more inconvenient when you try to conceal it.
         | 
         | 10. Do not feel envious of the happiness of those who live in a
         | fool's paradise, for only a fool will think that it is
         | happiness.
         | 
         | The Best Answer to Fanaticism--Liberalism:
         | https://docdro.id/V5pgUbH
        
           | jfengel wrote:
           | Those rules seem oddly out of touch, written in the immediate
           | aftermath of World War II, where the best answer to
           | fanaticism seemed to be the atomic bomb. They look better
           | suited to the faculty club of a university than to a world
           | faced with violence, much less to a hostile Internet.
           | 
           | The subtitle of the piece you link to is "The essence of the
           | liberal outlook is the belief that men should be free to
           | question anything... if they can support their questioning by
           | solid arguments". The ellipses are mine, because that "if" is
           | such a big if. Much of the failure of discourse today is not
           | just failure to craft solid arguments, but to question even
           | what it means for an argument to be solid.
           | 
           | This thread is in the context of science and constructive
           | criticism, and that should look more like the faculty club
           | than the Internet. But very little of HN constitutes
           | "constructive criticism of science": we're not in that
           | faculty club room, and we're not experts in the domain
           | intimately familiar with the state of the art as well as how
           | we got there.
           | 
           | These are good maxims to hold when seeking the truth for
           | ourselves. But I'm not so sure they'll apply to persuasion of
           | others, especially in a hostile environment.
        
             | AnimalMuppet wrote:
             | I'm not sure that you _can_ persuade anybody in a hostile
             | environment. They 're going to perceive you as hostile, and
             | therefore likely to be arguing in bad faith, and therefore
             | someone to only be yelled at, not listened to. The only
             | thing you can do in that environment is persuade a
             | bystander that you can yell louder. And even then, most
             | bystanders don't care, they just want both sides to stop
             | yelling.
             | 
             | If possible, then, the best thing to do is to make the
             | environment less hostile, so that an actual conversation
             | can happen. Maybe ask an individual on the other side, one-
             | on-one, to give you the five-minute version of what they
             | think and why they think that, and then really listen. See
             | if a dialog can happen. It may be that, if you engage in
             | good faith, the other person also will.
             | 
             | As I said, _if possible_.
        
       | blackbear_ wrote:
       | Quite related: "Criticism of Ideas Is Not Harassment" [1]
       | 
       | [1] https://www.chronicle.com/blogs/letters/criticism-of-
       | ideas-i...
        
         | avs733 wrote:
         | To expand on the other commenter who posted the 'bullying'
         | article I think the flipside of this idea is also important to
         | remember:
         | 
         | Harassment is not a criticism of ideas.
         | 
         | I work in academia, there are good ideas and bad ideas. There
         | are good and bad discussions of good and bad ideas. There are
         | well formed and also poorly formed critiques. Rarely can you
         | simply categorize something into only one category.
         | 
         | All of these are separate from bad faith actors and asshole
         | colleagues. My general rule is if someone feels the need to end
         | their 'critique' by explicitly stating it is a criticism not
         | harassment, its probably harassment. If it wasn't, the
         | criticism would speak for itself and stand on its own.
         | 
         | The simplified and mythicized narratives of how scholarship
         | works and the increasing esotericism of some fields discourse
         | leave them increasingly open to bad faith attacks.
         | 
         | To the letter you posted, you can easily find signs of what I
         | am talking about:
         | 
         | >"First, if there's an institutionalized rule that criticism of
         | academic work is harassment, how would Critical Theory, which
         | is entirely predicated on criticizing existing systems, have
         | emerged? "
         | 
         | This is a straw man, no such idea was proposed in the original
         | article. Instead, what the original author did was draw clear
         | bounded lines between critique and _sicking the twitter verse
         | on academics you disagree with_ and noting that Prof.
         | Boghossian did the later and claimed it as the former.
         | 
         | >"Ruth's article criticizes my use of Twitter, but criticism of
         | academic ideas should not be locked wholly behind the paywalls
         | of scholarly journals because ideas coming out of the academy
         | affect everybody. Beyond the academic merits of open inquiry
         | and free discourse, the public has a right to know what's
         | happening in universities -- especially in public universities
         | like Portland State. One reason I use Twitter is to inform the
         | public of what is going on in university classrooms and in what
         | counts these days as academic scholarship."
         | 
         | Subtle but critical in here is a shift from critiquing ideas in
         | academia, in the first sentence, to this entirely different
         | idea of 'revealing the truth' in the last one. If he was
         | engaged in sincere critique, this paragraph wouldn't end the
         | way it does. It is a transition from purporting to criticize
         | ideas and engage in scholarly work to trying to shame
         | universities for treating certain people's work as scholarship
         | in the first place. Its gatekeeping as opposed to critique.
         | 
         | In other words, reading this as an academic, this is weaponized
         | and knowing bad faith that relies on the (often unfortunate)
         | simplifications that academics have allowed to perpetuate about
         | what is and is not scholarship. Put it this way, the original
         | article only mentioned people by name once, and used their full
         | name. The response used the original authors first name
         | repeatedly. That is an intentional slight, especially when
         | deployed against female academics, and the author knows it.
        
           | zozbot234 wrote:
           | Boghossian never says anything about 'revealing the truth' in
           | that block of text, he merely expresses concern about what's
           | being taught in the university classroom. Please do not
           | misquote people like that.
        
             | AnimalMuppet wrote:
             | "Inform the public of what is going on in university
             | classrooms and in what counts these days as academic
             | scholarship" seems to me to be reasonably paraphrased as
             | "revealing the truth". True, the latter phrase has a bit
             | more of an edge to it, but the idea is similar enough that
             | I'd say Boghossian did in fact say, not those words, but
             | that idea.
        
           | inglor_cz wrote:
           | "If it wasn't, the criticism would speak for itself and stand
           | on its own."
           | 
           | [X] for doubt. Getting rid of unwanted criticism by reframing
           | it as harassment is an efficient bad faith tactics.
           | 
           | For example, dive into any flamewar about sexual identity and
           | you will find someone yelling "so you deny my right to exist"
           | as a reply to someone who very clearly does not.
           | 
           | Or dive into any flamewar about the Israeli-Palestinian
           | conflict and count all the labels of anti-Semitism and
           | Islamophobia.
           | 
           | And the academia seems to be one of the worst offender zones.
        
             | AnimalMuppet wrote:
             | Both/and.
             | 
             | Yes, there are those who harass and call it criticism.
             | That's wrong, and needs to stop. _And_ there are those who
             | receive criticism and call it harassment. That 's _also_
             | wrong, and also needs to stop.
             | 
             | And, one layer deeper, on both sides there are people who
             | just can't take disagreement, whether because they're thin-
             | skinned, or because they are more committed to a _position_
             | then they are to _truth_.
        
           | cgriswald wrote:
           | Both articles use each other's names at least three times.
           | Both articles reference the full name in first use and last
           | name on subsequent references.
        
         | zamfi wrote:
         | It's worth reading the piece that inspired this one [0] too,
         | through.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.chronicle.com/article/when-academic-bullies-
         | clai...
        
           | tenkabuto wrote:
           | > Academic freedom has been weaponized, cut loose from its
           | traditional mooring in intellectual expertise (as has been
           | argued by intellectuals expert in the subject, such as Robert
           | Post and Joan Scott),
           | 
           | Huh. This phrasing suggests to me that the response article
           | (OP) is pretty on point, maybe even more than the author
           | explicitly mentions: rather than there being ideologies that
           | are beyond reproach or criticism, "experts" are not to be
           | questioned.
        
             | avs733 wrote:
             | no...its saying exactly the opposite.
             | 
             | questioning is good.
             | 
             | claiming academic freedom to drive targeted Harassment of
             | people you do not like is not criticism.
             | 
             | The first article is talking about what is and is not
             | criticism, it is not talking about who is and who is not
             | allowed to perform critique.
             | 
             | If you and I disagreed in a meeting, even if we had a
             | serious argument, I'll accept that as critique. If I
             | followed it up by convincing all our coworkers to write you
             | emails telling you to kill yourself, that isn't criticism
             | thats harassment.
        
               | throwaway894345 wrote:
               | > If you and I disagreed in a meeting, even if we had a
               | serious argument, I'll accept that as critique. If I
               | followed it up by convincing all our coworkers to write
               | you emails telling you to kill yourself, that isn't
               | criticism thats harassment.
               | 
               | The broader cancel culture debate, including here on HN,
               | made me realize how few people actually understand that
               | threats and harassment do not fall under the rubric of
               | criticism. Similarly, many people seem to think it's only
               | harassment if convicted in a court of law, and if the law
               | doesn't bother to pursue cancellers then what they are
               | doing must not be harassment. It seems that we free
               | speech advocates are not doing a very good job of
               | educating people about what is and isn't free speech, or
               | at least I thought we had been doing a better job.
        
               | avs733 wrote:
               | This 'misunderstanding' is an active effort. It is
               | curated propaganda to provide a shield for those who
               | engage in such tactics by playing the victim.
        
             | zamfi wrote:
             | I'm not sure we're interpreting that passage the same way,
             | and I know nothing about this incident beyond these two
             | articles, but I imagine most people involved would agree on
             | these values:
             | 
             | 1) "Academic freedom" should include the ability to speak
             | truths that may be politically unpopular, regardless of
             | format, and this includes critique of any academic content,
             | ideologically-driven or not
             | 
             | 2) Harassment or deliberate inducement of harassment, or
             | actions that are likely to result in harassment, are not
             | ok, and this includes both Twitter mobs doxxing and
             | academic harassments
             | 
             | These really parallel the whole "free speech" values: say
             | whatever you want, but don't yell fire in a crowded
             | theater.
             | 
             | In neither case should anyone be forced to listen to you if
             | they don't like what you say.
             | 
             | It's hard to tell from these two opinion pieces alone what
             | actually happened here (at least, without some serious
             | reading-between-the-lines, as the two accounts appear to
             | reflect entirely different universes), but I'm curious
             | where (if at all) people disagree on these principles.
        
               | jariel wrote:
               | Don't yell fire in a crowded theatre ...
               | 
               | But what if the theatre is actually on fire?
               | 
               | Or what if you whisper something quietly and people still
               | react like you screamed 'Fire!'?
               | 
               | And that's the whole point: we're not worried about
               | people arguing over most things. We're worried when they
               | are arguing over truthful things that are sensitive, and
               | often ideological. Like 'identity' etc..
               | 
               | The war is real.
               | 
               | Hugely respected academics have had to come out and make
               | public statements about it. They are not saying 'oh this
               | is a non-issue' they are betting their public identities
               | on it.
               | 
               | I really don't much in the way of academics yelling
               | 'fire' in theatres i.e. things that are meaningfully
               | offensive on an academic level. I only see people people
               | reacting to those they disagree with in oppressive ways.
        
               | zamfi wrote:
               | Yelling fire in a crowded theater is a metaphor. If the
               | theater is on fire, the situation is obviously more
               | ambiguous.
               | 
               | > And that's the whole point: we're not worried about
               | people arguing over most things. We're worried when they
               | are arguing over truthful things that are sensitive, and
               | often ideological. Like 'identity' etc..
               | 
               | I'm not worried about people arguing about _anything_ ,
               | truthful or not, and I don't have a problem with
               | respectful conversation around ideology, large-scale
               | protest, or any other communicative action that respects
               | individual humans.
               | 
               | I _am_ worried about harassment, sending death threats,
               | suicide requests, showing up at someone 's house
               | uninvited, etc.
               | 
               | Not many academics are doing this personally, but are
               | they complicit in this harassment if they're tweeting
               | out-of-context remarks to groups of followers who have
               | engaged in this harassment in the past? At least, that's
               | the complaint in piece I posted above, without
               | endorsement, and I repeat that I do not know the facts in
               | question there.
               | 
               | (I am _also_ worried about echo chambers that deceive
               | people into holding beliefs through mere repetition, but
               | that 's another conversation.)
               | 
               | > I only see people people reacting to those they
               | disagree with in oppressive ways.
               | 
               | You and me both -- isn't harassment one of these ways?
        
       | ggm wrote:
       | Be in the field or declare your dilettante status.
        
         | kergonath wrote:
         | Different people have different ideas about what "the field"
         | is. And outsiders can give valuable insights and ideas just
         | because they don't always follow the ideas that everyone in
         | "the field" has internalised. It is hard for them to go all the
         | way though, because they often miss things that are obvious to
         | specialists.
         | 
         | You should not dismiss outsiders a priori. Not all of them are
         | crackpots.
        
           | ggm wrote:
           | I didn't say dismiss. I said declare.
        
         | hntroll666 wrote:
         | I'm not seeing the benefit. Being "in the field" is imaginary.
         | If a good point is raised, does it matter where it comes from?
        
           | omgwtfbbq wrote:
           | Depends on the Field. I'd say that in Physics for example
           | there is almost never any good points raised by those on the
           | outside. Should everyone be forced to address every not even
           | wrong idea that comes across their desk?
        
           | avs733 wrote:
           | Being 'in a field' is not rigidly bounded but it is hardly
           | imaginary. It doesn't matter where a good point comes from
           | but where a point comes from has a huge impact as to whether
           | a point is good.
           | 
           | Being in a field means you are familiar with the content and
           | style of discourse. You speak the language, even if the
           | language is always English. You know how to communicate ideas
           | within group norms. That is useful because it aids shared
           | meaning making in any form of communication.
           | 
           | If I stood up as an educator at a ACM conference and started
           | talking about 'normalizing to C+' there is serious potential
           | for misunderstanding that I'm talking about grading whereas
           | y'all might think I'm talking about programming languages. We
           | make meaning of information in context as human beings, some
           | of that context is local (e.g., the rest of what I'm reading)
           | some of it is regional (dialectic, people who ask me at
           | restaurants in my area 'do you want a coke' and then clarify
           | what kind because coke is a euphemism for soda not Coca
           | Cola)...some of it is even broader. The key thing is not all
           | of it is shared, and context is key to inferring or
           | constructing shared meaning.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | rrock wrote:
       | Excellent advice. I'd add one more thought for the reviewers side
       | of the equation (peer review specifically). Your objective as a
       | reviewer is to help the authors present their case. Keeping that
       | in mind helps to separate what additional work is essential vs.
       | Nice to have if given unlimited time and resources. Beginning
       | reviewers tend to lean toward the latter.
       | 
       | It takes training and practice to write useful reviews /
       | critiques. Mentors should take the time to do this for their
       | trainees.
        
       | dekhn wrote:
       | everything about this article applies to arguing on the internet.
       | it's really painful to watch these guidelines violated over and
       | over. I think the worst violation is to immediately accuse
       | anybody who disagrees with you as 'gaslighting'.
        
         | labatyd wrote:
         | You forgot screaming "whataboutism" anytime you try to
         | introduce a comparable example to a topic where they are
         | clearly arguing in bad faith. That has been the single greatest
         | weapon in destroying true discourse that I have seen.
        
           | dekhn wrote:
           | that's a good point. In many debates, I have to reply to
           | people saying "whataboutism actually makes sense in this
           | context".
        
         | mistermann wrote:
         | Also: gish galloping.
        
       | omgwtfbbq wrote:
       | Important to note that criticism is natural and necessary to move
       | fields forward. There is a movement across Academia particularly
       | in CRT and adjacent fields to equate criticism of an idea or
       | theory with bullying or personal harassment which is obviously
       | ridiculous.
        
         | Pfhreak wrote:
         | Big citation needed on the 'movement across Academia'. Most
         | Academics I've ever worked with, and folks who are serious
         | about their work invite critical thought.
         | 
         | I do see some folks dress up intolerance in the trappings of
         | criticism and then feign injury when the academics or others
         | refuse to engage with their 'critiques'.
         | 
         | A concrete example is how many folks will use the expression
         | "gender critical" to dress up intolerance towards trans and
         | non-binary people. There are legitimate discussions to have
         | about gender, and there are legitimate critiques of positions
         | that can be levied against different viewpoints. But that
         | doesn't mean that all criticisms are valid or brought forward
         | in good faith.
         | 
         | Some of those criticisms _are_ bullying and harassment and it
         | 's important to understand that criticism is a nuanced topic
         | and we can't just say, "All criticism good" or "all criticism
         | bad" and be done.
        
           | omgwtfbbq wrote:
           | Well you're kind of exactly demonstrating my argument.
           | Criticism of someone's idea or theory is not harassment of
           | that person. It's by definition not ad-hominem
        
             | Pfhreak wrote:
             | It's not so simple, unfortunately. Yes, in an ideal world I
             | would agree with you -- criticism, when deployed
             | reasonably, is not harassment.
             | 
             | But let's look at some concrete ways this could break down.
             | I'm going to use HN as an analogy, but swap in whitepapers,
             | emails, etc.
             | 
             | Example 1: If I specifically open your comment history, and
             | raise critique against only your comments, methodically
             | going through them and finding specific things to be
             | critical of, is that harassment? I don't do this to anyone
             | else, just you. Is it reasonable to feel uncomfortable that
             | someone is laser focused on critiquing _only_ your work?
             | 
             | Example 2: It is much easier to offer critique than to
             | address critique -- if I intentionally respond to your
             | comments/papers with loads of hard to answer but relatively
             | meaningless questions, thereby slowing you down, is that
             | harassment? An author's time is a limited resource, and if
             | I'm deliberately trying to cause them to spend it dealing
             | with me, is that harassment? In debate, this is called the
             | Gish Gallop and it's widely effective.
             | 
             | Example 3: If I respond to your comments with disingenuous
             | questions or criticisms that I know will prompt an
             | emotional response in you in an effort to get you to
             | respond in a frustrated way, is that harassment? Humans are
             | not emotionless automata, and even when we try to maintain
             | barriers between ourselves and our ideas, a sufficiently
             | needling criticism can eventually get under someone's skin.
             | 
             | Example 4: What if there's a significant power imbalance?
             | Let's say you are a tech celebrity and you go onto twitter
             | and post, "Look at this person's HN post, can you believe
             | this? Hey, everyone, please go write one critical reply to
             | their post." You are brigading someone, and sure, a lot of
             | the questions might be critical, but the volume and intent
             | might not be critical. Is that harassment?
             | 
             | Like many things in engineering, scale and intent matters.
             | There's a lot of malicious behavior that can be dressed up
             | as "I'm just asking questions". These behaviors can be
             | intentional or unintentional and they can make people
             | reasonably feel pretty strong emotions like fear, anxiety,
             | etc.
             | 
             | Perhaps, in a perfect world, we'd be able to use axioms and
             | construct arguments and no one would malaiciously engage
             | with the scientific process, but we don't live in that
             | world. We live in a world where humans are involved and
             | it's messy and emotional and we try to do the right things,
             | but there are people who, for whatever reason, think it is
             | fun or gain some benefit from stalling those whose
             | ideologies differ.
        
               | omgwtfbbq wrote:
               | Most of your examples are irrelevant to the discussion
               | which is about Science and Academia but largely you are
               | describing patterns of stalking behavior which
               | tangentially include criticism. The point I was making
               | was that people in the CRT circle in particular are
               | arguing that by definition, criticism of their ideas or
               | theories is bullying/harassment/etc. Which is absurd.
        
               | Pfhreak wrote:
               | Every one of those examples applies to academia, I chose
               | comments but I could easily replace it with academic
               | criticism.
               | 
               | > The point I was making was that people in the CRT
               | circle in particular are arguing that by definition,
               | criticism of their ideas or theories is
               | bullying/harassment/etc.
               | 
               | Can you demonstrate this is a widely held belief somehow?
               | It reads like a bias you might hold but can't back up
               | with data?
        
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