[HN Gopher] Other challenges to SV's preeminence are more fundam...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Other challenges to SV's preeminence are more fundamental than the
       tech diaspora
        
       Author : hacksilver
       Score  : 185 points
       Date   : 2021-03-19 12:05 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.oreilly.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.oreilly.com)
        
       | dang wrote:
       | All: please respond to the substance of the article, not the
       | baity title. The latter leads to boring flamewar, while the
       | article (and we all) deserve better.
       | 
       | To help with that, we've changed the title above to the what high
       | school English teachers would call its thesis statement.
        
       | pdimitar wrote:
       | SV is a bubble and it will be defended by those who benefit from
       | that status quo for quite a while still.
       | 
       | I do agree with the article decrying humanity's chronic inability
       | to act on preventable crises. But it seems (a) most of humanity
       | is much more inert and passive than we are inclined to think and
       | (b) the vested interests and/or the powers-that-be are really
       | that powerful so as to prevent the action of everybody else.
       | 
       | At the same time the article is overly optimistic: it claims that
       | the consumer internet and social media are coming to an end.
        
       | sradman wrote:
       | > as Theranos demonstrated so vividly, it is harder to sustain a
       | hype balloon in a scientific enterprise than in many of the
       | markets where Silicon Valley has prospered.
       | 
       | This narrative continues to frustrate me. Eleanor Roosevelt
       | famously said:
       | 
       | > Great minds discuss ideas; average minds discuss events; small
       | minds discuss people.
       | 
       | The big idea behind Theranos was that combining multiple
       | microfluidic tests could produce a lab-on-a-chip. Theranos failed
       | to combine more than a handful of microfluidics together and
       | scrambled to find alternatives to bridge the gap.
       | 
       | Ultimately they were foiled by brain-dead regulatory tests that
       | specified blood draw volumes of blood. This regulatory test has
       | to change to accommodate fingerpick volumes of blood; a key
       | feature of microfluidic tests.
       | 
       | Our collective small minds couldn't focus on anything but the
       | people involved. The core idea is still an outstanding hard
       | problem.
        
         | rcxdude wrote:
         | > Ultimately they were foiled by brain-dead regulatory tests
         | that specified blood draw volumes of blood. This regulatory
         | test has to change to accommodate fingerpick volumes of blood;
         | a key feature of microfluidic tests.
         | 
         | As I understand it, for many of the tests Theranos was aiming
         | to do there's no real way to achieve it with the tiny volumes
         | of blood they were trying to use: the concentrations of the
         | substance they were testing for were so low the statistical
         | variation of the amount in any given small volume of blood
         | would invalidate the test, even if you could accurately count
         | it.
        
           | sradman wrote:
           | > for many of the tests Theranos was aiming to do there's no
           | real way to achieve it with the tiny volumes of blood they
           | were trying to use
           | 
           | This is exactly the right question to ask. Right from the
           | start we should have had a scorecard of the common lab tests
           | doctors request (under 50 I think). For each test you should
           | ask "is it possible with microfluidics?" and then "has it
           | been combined on a single strip/card yet?"
           | 
           | I'm not sure if any concentrations are too low for
           | microfluidics rather than the dilution required to meet the
           | volumes specified in the standardized tests. Are fingerpick
           | volumes too small or are the regulatory tests outdated?
           | 
           | The same issue applies to self administered rapid antigen
           | tests during the pandemic. Regulators focused on the "gold
           | standard" PCR tests and ignored the benefit of cheap and easy
           | unamplified tests that can be used in a daily regiment.
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | They focused on the people because they were either scammers or
         | well-known people with no domain knowledge.
         | 
         | The basic idea was very straightforward. I can come up with
         | lots of great ideas if I ignore whether there's any reasonable
         | path to a solution. Hey! Let's have a Star Trek medical
         | tricorder implemented in a watch. Let me know when you're done
         | implementing it. I'll be at the beach.
         | 
         | Nothing to do with regulator bogeyman.
        
           | sradman wrote:
           | > They focused on the people because they were either
           | scammers
           | 
           | The scamming came after the failure of the core premise of
           | the startup: microfluidic lab-on-a-chip. My point was not to
           | excuse the scamming, it was to switch focus back to the core
           | ideas and not the people sporting black turtlenecks.
           | 
           | I suspect that if the original strategy worked the story
           | would be different. Transparently reporting
           | technical/business failure is an admirable trait but it is a
           | different thing than innovation. Journalists and analysts
           | should have been reporting on the scorecard
           | (strategy/tactics/execution). When the company did a
           | technical pivot why was this not enough to investigate the
           | underlying cause? I'm a potential customer that wants this
           | solution; I feel like I've been cheated by all involved.
           | 
           | QUESTION: if someone else succeeds with a microfluidic lab-
           | on-a-chip can the regulators validate its efficacy?
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | Presumably they compare the results with those from known
             | good tests.
        
       | betwixthewires wrote:
       | I don't think a lot of people quite grasp how big of a scam
       | silicon valley is. I've pieced most of the information together
       | from articles that I have seen here.
       | 
       | Do you know who owns the majority of rental properties in silicon
       | valley? East coast and Midwest pension funds or investment firms
       | using their capital. This includes office space and residential
       | areas. Care to take a guess who's capital the majority of VC
       | firms are investing? If you guessed east coast and Midwest
       | pension funds, you're right.
       | 
       | Moving to silicon valley to get a good paying job? Prepare to
       | spend most of it on rent, basically paying a significant portion
       | if not the majority of your salary to the very individuals that
       | own controlling interest in the company paying you. Going to
       | silicon valley to start a company? Prepare to pay a significant
       | portion of that funding you got right back where you got it for
       | office space.
       | 
       | Imagine if you could take a significant share, potentially a
       | controlling interest, in every major tech startup basically for
       | free. You create an engine to suck productivity out of some of
       | the most creative, technically proficient innovators in the US by
       | owning land in northern California and convincing them that they
       | have to go there and rent from you to get your money to make
       | their big ideas happen. Now you get to own some of the most
       | productive people on the planet. That's one hell of a profitable
       | scam. And the funny thing, we all forgot why you had to go there
       | in the first place, that the silicon was made there, and we just
       | take it as gospel that you have to go there to work in tech, even
       | though the silicon is all made in Taiwan, Japan, South Korea and
       | China now. And let's not even get started on the hypocrisy of
       | pension funds that exist due to union lobbying doing this.
       | 
       | Now, if you're still considering going there, as an added bonus
       | consider that you'll be surrounded by people that step over
       | homeless people on the way to work where they will write social
       | media posts about income inequality.
        
         | blast wrote:
         | You're not entirely wrong, but you're more wrong than right.
         | For example, yes, a good paying SV job involves spending a lot
         | on rent, but nowhere near "most of it"...very much the
         | opposite. Yes there are issues, but it's not "how big of a
         | scam", and by describing it that way you lose credibility.
        
           | keenreed wrote:
           | When I looked a few years back, nice houses would go around
           | 12k/month. Maybe shared condos are not expensive, but not
           | everyone wants to live that way.
        
             | jjav wrote:
             | Your definition of nice is pretty over the top, even by SV
             | standards, if you'd need 12K/mo to find a place.
        
               | keenreed wrote:
               | Maybe now corona it is better, but a few years landlords
               | could choose from several applicants. 12k was realistic
               | asking price for foreigner with no credit history without
               | waiting.
        
         | keenreed wrote:
         | Agree. We tried to get funded a few years ago, but gave up. VCs
         | insisted we relocate to SV, but it would not make sense (we are
         | remote). It felt like a scam to pump property market.
        
       | AussieWog93 wrote:
       | I started a PhD in biomedical engineering back in 2017, coming
       | from a EEE background. The topic I was studying was the
       | application of machine learning for neurosignal decoding.
       | 
       | Imagine the development of a "thought keyboard" that could be
       | used by someone with motor neurone disease to communicate with
       | their family or drive a robotic arm - young me was excited!
       | 
       | While it's true that the field had shifted towards machine
       | learning in the decade preceding, that wasn't because ML
       | techniques showed any amazing promise or were likely to be the
       | foundation of any breakthrough. Quite the opposite, in fact -
       | there was strong evidence to suggest that the "ML revolution"
       | would go nowhere, but that's where all the grant money was.
       | 
       | So day after day, year after year, hordes of researchers would
       | churn out ML papers they knew would yield no fruit simply because
       | that was the path of least resistance. Occasionally they would
       | get a "breakthrough" result that never generalised to other
       | datasets. It could be the case that ML is showing genuinely
       | amazing results in other biomedical fields, but after going
       | through that I'm always a bit skeptical. (For anyone wondering, I
       | left after a year and basically gave up the right to ever study a
       | PhD in Australia again.)
        
         | purple-again wrote:
         | Really disappointing to hear this. The ML revolution is very
         | real and so is the immense value it's capable of granting
         | us...HOWEVER it's really only in a narrow category of problems
         | and people don't want to admit that so they try to shoehorn it
         | into every corner of everything...not too dissimilar from
         | blockchain.
         | 
         | That narrow problem space where ML has become revolutionary is
         | classification problems where the cost of a false positive is
         | marginal. In the industry we frequently refer to it as
         | "professional judgement" and anyone who has ever referred to
         | that statement in the course of their work should be concerned
         | because ML is coming for you. As far as the false positive part
         | of it, we'll no on bats an eye when a surgeon loses a patient,
         | but we're unlikely to accept the same from a computer any time
         | soon.
         | 
         | The biggest area where I can think of that this narrow problem
         | space exists to be capitalized on is...search. Not surprising
         | then that Google became a king of ML because to them it was
         | actually a revolutionary leap forward to their core problem.
        
           | nikanj wrote:
           | And just like blockchain, the reason it gets forced into
           | every field is VCs.
           | 
           | "We are going to challenge existing players in $market" gets
           | you nothing, "We are going to disrupt $market with
           | blockchain/ML" gets you a eight-digit seed round.
        
             | hodgesrm wrote:
             | You don't have to take the money, or at least take it on
             | those terms. Entrepreneurs have agency. They should
             | exercise it.
        
           | tchalla wrote:
           | In you view, why do you think the society has an issue when a
           | "machine " makes a decision vs a human? Can you think of a
           | legitimate areas where trust in machine outputs wouldn't be
           | favoured vs a human?
        
             | mattkrause wrote:
             | ML systems will struggle when the question itself is ill-
             | posed.
             | 
             | A human can say "I've been instructed to group these data
             | into those categories, but this particular example doesn't
             | fit into any them." and then devise a way to handle special
             | cases.
             | 
             | By construction, an ML system can't. At the end of the day,
             | a classifier needs to assign one of the predefined labels
             | to each example. At best, it might give you a confidence
             | value, or a probability distribution over labels. However,
             | interpreting those is usually outside of the system itself.
        
           | underdeserver wrote:
           | Seriously? A narrow category of problems?
           | 
           | ML has been used and is being used to significantly advance
           | image processing, video processing, image classification,
           | speech-to-text, natural language understanding, medical
           | imaging interpretation, medical notes and differential
           | diagnosis, warehouse management, shipping and delivery,
           | transportation, networking, agriculture, biomedical research,
           | insurance, law practice (document scanning), journalism,
           | politics (through better polling, targeting, gerrymandering,
           | whatever), probably other things I'm missing.
        
             | wardnath wrote:
             | Seconded. Today's "narrow"applications are quite wide
             | compared to the expert systems of decades ago. I wouldn't
             | say we are in a second AI winter when cool new applications
             | of DNNs pop up frequently on HN.
        
             | whatever1 wrote:
             | Please. The vast majority of the above are fields where ML
             | failed spectacularly.
             | 
             | If you had any idea about medical diagnosis, biomedical
             | research, supply chain optimization, politics and
             | journalism you would know that machine learning is a
             | laughing stock in these fields.
             | 
             | ML had 2 big wins: (image & data) Classification & NLP. It
             | is stupid to not use ML for these problems, but it equally
             | stupid to try to fit ML in fields that it cannot work.
        
               | emteycz wrote:
               | Let's not claim something has failed when it has just
               | begun... Given today's hardware and given that it's a
               | very new topic of research, IMHO the accomplishments are
               | incredible. It's not yet production ready, but that
               | doesn't mean another 10 years of progress won't get it
               | there.
        
               | whatever1 wrote:
               | We need to invest in long term R&D to potentially achieve
               | an ML breakthrough in one of the above fields instead of
               | allocating enormous capital to ML unicorn businesses.
               | 
               | But to do so, we need to first openly admit the truth. ML
               | is not working for the wide range the problems it is
               | currently pitched for.
        
             | ssivark wrote:
             | That list is flag planting of the first order -- like a dog
             | claiming territory as a kingdom after a few stray golden
             | showers here and there.
             | 
             | Yes, ML has been applied to all those topics, but to
             | narrow/superficial applications & with limited success (in
             | most of those areas, any how). The applications have also
             | been explored in relatively ad-hoc ways, with little
             | improvement in systematic understanding/knowledge of any of
             | those fields.
        
           | mrtksn wrote:
           | My impression about ML is that it shines where "intuition of
           | a master" is needed. That is, for example, the mastery of a
           | "technician painter" who has build an intuition of imitating
           | Van Gogh painting can be achieved through AI.
           | 
           | Any intuitive skill that can be built through hard work and
           | years of experience seems to be within the realms of what
           | AI/ML can learn to do. Separating background from the
           | subjects, guessing the 3D shape of an object from a 2D image
           | etc. Anything that people can master through experience,
           | including stuff like "sensing that there's something fishy
           | but can't tell exactly what" kind of intuition.
           | 
           | I bet that there would be welding machines that can help an
           | amateur to weld like a master by learning and imitating the
           | way a master welder does its job.
        
         | Nimitz14 wrote:
         | Forgive me for my ignorance, but could the issue have not been
         | the ML but rather, put simply, the input data? Is it the case
         | that we truly know what signals to measure to get a clear
         | indication of intent? It seems to me the answer is no (then ML
         | is not going to help)?
        
           | AussieWog93 wrote:
           | You've hit the nail on the head. There were actually
           | impressive trials done wherein researchers used invasive
           | sensors that penetrated the brain tissue itself and directly
           | measured neutral spikes.
           | 
           | The idea that ML could magically classify signals from
           | sensors above the dura/skull was laughable. Your signal (and
           | therefore training data) is affected by basically any thought
           | of action the user has, and is then spatially low pass
           | filtered by a big fat slab of bone and flesh.
           | 
           | Imagine trying to train a "cat recogniser" by showing it low-
           | resolution pictures of a random location in a room where a
           | cat is. It was a joke then and I suspect still is now.
        
       | ehnto wrote:
       | > The extractive behavior the tech giants exhibit has been the
       | norm for modern capitalism since Milton Friedman set its
       | objective function in 1970: "The social responsibility of
       | business is to increase its profits." This is all the sadder,
       | though, since the tech industry set out to model something
       | better. The generosity of open source software and the World Wide
       | Web, the genius of algorithmically amplified collective
       | intelligence are still there...
       | 
       | I don't buy that at all, the tech INDUSTRY was the result of
       | attempting to extract value out of technology. I have to scoff at
       | the inclusion of "algorithmically amplified intelligence" as one
       | of the egalitarian core values of SV. If you hadn't caught on by
       | then, you must have been heady off the fumes of it all.
        
         | onethought wrote:
         | So open source was just tech people not understanding their
         | core purpose of "extract value out of technology" ?
        
           | ehnto wrote:
           | Open source is an entirely different movement. OSS is written
           | the world over, yet SV is where everyone is busy extracting
           | orders of magnitude of value from it.
           | 
           | From plenty of experience, SV open sources because it
           | provides a business advantage, because it costs them nothing
           | or because it's part of the business model of OSS+Support.
           | Individual contributors are the heroes here, people doing it
           | for the love of the software. The software industry will spin
           | their work for a dollar all fucking day with no contribution
           | back.
        
             | onethought wrote:
             | Oh really... So the open source code that contributed/drove
             | the delivery of that comment wasn't written in SV?
             | 
             | edit: To the second part of your comment... so why are the
             | browsers all open source (at least at their core)? What's
             | the business advantage? The non-organisational contributors
             | are hardly the "heroes" of those projects. And they have
             | contributed a ridiculous amount of free value to world.
        
               | ehnto wrote:
               | There is no doubt that the vast majority of open source
               | software comes out of the software industry in SV. The
               | arguing point I have is that it isn't out of an
               | egalitarian view from the industry to provide for others
               | and make the world better, generally speaking. Exceptions
               | abound, sure. But the industry is busy making money, the
               | fact that say Chromium and Webkit are open source is a
               | very good example of how a company can use open source to
               | leverage a competitive advantage.
               | 
               | My main gripe with the article is that it tried to
               | conflate the technology movement and the software
               | industry. Tied tightly together no doubt, but they are
               | different. The very nature of the industry is to make
               | money and that is totally fine, but let's not pretend the
               | industry was some utopian ideal from the outset. As I
               | said in my first comment, the industry specifically, grew
               | out of the attempt to extract value from the technology.
               | That's fine. It hasn't been twisted over time, it just is
               | what it is.
               | 
               | I may have been flippant in my commentary.
        
           | jjtheblunt wrote:
           | For some business plans, open source is a means of keeping
           | competitors some number of releases behind internal
           | development, perpetually, while they're none the wiser.
        
       | 627467 wrote:
       | > The final, and perhaps most important, reason why Silicon
       | Valley as we know it may be over is that its current incarnation
       | is a product of the extraordinarily cheap capital of the years
       | since the global financial crisis of 2009.
       | 
       | Seems to be implying that cheap capital is ending? Isn't the
       | narrative everywhere right now that capital will remain cheap
       | (almost) indefinitely and one of the reasons why many fear
       | inflation and money is rushing to wallstreet and sv-casino
       | (SPACs)?
        
       | nightshadetrie wrote:
       | Maybe, at least people won't be tied down 100% and can work
       | remote. If you have a family you can now afford a home to raise
       | kids in.
        
       | Apocryphon wrote:
       | The article reminds me somewhat of an earlier O'Reilly piece,
       | which taught me that the man's got a bit of social consciousness
       | in his critiques of SV:
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23657403
       | 
       | I suspect the Pollyanna tone is why people aren't actually
       | engaging with the material in it. Applying machine learning to
       | medical science is indeed exciting, but it's hard to envision
       | what exactly is the product that causes "The nexus of machine
       | learning and medicine, biology, and materials science will be to
       | the coming decades what Silicon Valley has been to the late 20th
       | and early 21st century." Not to mention, I would wager most
       | commentators are not equipped to address his point about SV being
       | unable to deal with medical regulations, seeing as there's been
       | medtech startups that have already attempted to flout FDA
       | regulation.
       | 
       | > The hubs where that knowledge can be found are not the special
       | province of Silicon Valley
       | 
       | Isn't South SF a biotech hotbed?
       | 
       | His points about regulators actually doing able something
       | substantive towards big tech platforms, and the end of "casino
       | capitalism" also feel too Pollyannaish for our current lamentable
       | moment. Maybe it has to all get worse before it's foreseeable.
       | 
       | O'Reilly certainly calls it out as he sees it with the social
       | commentary:
       | 
       | > When the "superstar firms" ruthlessly compete with smaller
       | firms that come up with fresh ideas, not only starving them of
       | talent but often introducing copycat products and services, there
       | is decreased innovation from the market as a whole. Cities are
       | dominated by a new class of highly paid big-company employees
       | driving up housing costs and forcing out lower wage workers;
       | wages and working conditions of workers in less profitable
       | industries are squeezed to drive the growth of the giants. Their
       | very jobs are made contingent and disposable, with inequality
       | baked in from the beginning of their employment. Governments are
       | starved of revenue by giant companies that have mastered the art
       | of tax avoidance. The list is far longer than that.
       | 
       | Honestly, this article's a great read.
        
         | kortilla wrote:
         | > Cities are dominated by a new class of highly paid big-
         | company employees driving up housing costs and forcing out
         | lower wage workers
         | 
         | This is just an ignorant hot-take though that once again blames
         | upper middle class tech employees for a housing problem caused
         | solely by bad govern policies.
         | 
         | There is no "domination" here considering that tech employees
         | are well. 21 percent [1] are now considered tech jobs and the
         | FAANG employees clearing $500K+ to afford houses make up a
         | small fraction of that.
         | 
         | > Governments are starved of revenue by giant companies that
         | have mastered the art of tax avoidance.
         | 
         | SF tax revenue has been climbing the whole decade [2]. CA is
         | the same [3]. The governments are absolutely not "starved of
         | revenue". They have been operating in a completely inept
         | fashion for decades and the waste/corruption is eating
         | everything up. Double the tax revenue in California and
         | politicians will have it squandered in the year.
         | 
         | This is just another lame attempt to blame the tech boogeyman
         | for a failed government. How much homelessness, high housing
         | costs, high tax rates, failed public infrastructure, etc do we
         | have to endure before we realize crying about one of the few
         | major successful industries isn't an answer?
         | 
         | 1. https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/06/14/tech-employment-
         | bay-a... 2. https://sftreasurer.org/annual-report-fiscal-
         | year-2018-19 3.
         | https://www.statista.com/statistics/313176/california-state-...
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | throwaway2037 wrote:
           | > Governments are starved of revenue by giant companies that
           | have mastered the art of tax avoidance.
           | 
           | Your rebuttal appears to miss the point that O'Reilly makes.
           | 
           | First: This page [1] shows business tax is about 1B of 6B
           | total for San Francisco. In most cities in the United States,
           | business tax is a relatively small part of total tax revenue.
           | Most cities derive the largest proportion of tax revenue from
           | property taxes. For SF, it is 2B per year -- the highest of
           | any tax revenue category. SF property prices have risen a lot
           | in the last ten years, so property tax has also risen. I
           | understand some of this could be attributed to a strong
           | economy combined with difficult regulations to build new
           | residential housing. Thus, SF has seen a historic rise in
           | housing prices.
           | 
           | Second: Speaking more specifically to O'Reilly's point about
           | the "art of tax avoidance": Are you familiar with "base
           | erosion and profit shifting (BEPS)"? Sometimes you hear the
           | term "Dutch Sandwich" or "Double Irish arrangement" in media.
           | Global (tech) companies can greatly reduce _national_ taxes
           | by using these tax strategies. Thus, they deny much needed
           | tax revenue to various countries where they operate. Please
           | note: These tax strategies are not only limited to tech. Any
           | industry that is heavily weighted towards  "intellectual
           | property", such as pharma, uses similar tax strategies.
           | (General Electric was one of the earliest and most
           | aggressive.) Famously, even Starbucks, which isn't a very "IP
           | intense" industry managed to pay zero national taxes in the
           | UK one year. After some embarrassing news stories, they
           | offered a voluntary payment to the UK nat'l gov't.
           | 
           | [1] https://sfgov.org/scorecards//finance/expenditures-and-
           | reven...
        
             | kortilla wrote:
             | The lost national taxes in the US are effectively
             | irrelevant for his point though. The despair in the Bay
             | Area has nothing to do with federal funds. More
             | importantly, federal funds haven't been dictated by federal
             | revenue in decades. In the US the federal government just
             | accumulates debt whenever it wants at historically low
             | interest.
        
         | weinzierl wrote:
         | "The nexus of machine learning and medicine, biology, and
         | materials science will be to the coming decades what Silicon
         | Valley has been to the late 20th and early 21st century."
         | 
         | I've been hearing the trinity of information technology, life
         | sciences and materials science for over a quarter of a century
         | again and again. Since the first time and ever since it reminds
         | me of these tests where you are presented a list of words that
         | are related somehow and you have to find the one word that
         | doesn't fit in the set.
         | 
         | For me materials science seems to almost fit at first glance,
         | but not really when you look at it. Both the other areas have
         | already changed our life more than anything in the past decades
         | and there is good reason they will continue to do so even more
         | in the near and intermediate future. I don't see this to be
         | true for materials science. At least there seem to be at least
         | a dozen fields that are equally influential.
         | 
         | Does anyone know why materials science is so often included?
        
           | Clewza313 wrote:
           | Superconductors, buckyballs, artificial diamonds etc are all
           | quite sexy and easy to grasp, so they have a big profile in
           | popular news despite their comparative lack of utility, much
           | more so than (until recently) incomprehensible mumbo-jumbo
           | about mRNA, convoluted neural networks and whatnot.
           | 
           | That said, materials science is vital for incremental
           | improvements like modern composite airplanes or SpaceX
           | rockets etc, and if we ever do get to space elevators or
           | room-temperature superconductors, the potential is life-
           | changing.
        
           | bsenftner wrote:
           | It sounds crackpot, but in the merger of ML enhanced medicine
           | and bio-generics, we're gonna see attempts to push genetic
           | manipulating cosmetic plastic surgeries into the mainstream -
           | like tattoos, these medical enhancements will be sold like
           | apps, and they will create novelty capabilities or novel
           | appearance transformations for the customers. Some artist
           | gets sparrow wings on their feet (like the Greek God Mercury)
           | or an artist has a living hydra-snake-wig created that
           | accompanies her with backup vocals, who the hell knows? with
           | this tech, bizarre combinations are possible and will driven
           | by pop culture excess curiosity. Not "if" but "when" a
           | popular music artist embraces such technology, we'll see a
           | whole generation of Transhumanists Entertainers flooding
           | society.
        
       | ping_pong wrote:
       | Im so tired of random writers, even if it's O'Reilly himself,
       | trying to predict that Silicon Valley is doomed. That's like
       | saying Hollywood is doomed, or Wall Street is doomed. I've been
       | around long enough to know that nothing will unseat Silicon
       | Valley as the tech capital of the world.
       | 
       | Silicon Valley has the critical mass of talent, VC money and
       | greed that can't be replicated anywhere else in the world.
       | There's a reason why we have never seen a world leading tech
       | company come out from anywhere except the US. Despite having much
       | higher educational standards even in 3rd world countries, the
       | best the world could do is China which just stole US ideas and
       | then built a firewall to keep others out.
       | 
       | Do I like what Silicon Valley has turned into? Hell no. I like
       | the 90s version so much better, where nerds were tinkering with
       | cool stuff and writing software because they loved software, not
       | because they want to increase engagement by 1%. But it is what it
       | is, and Silicon Valley will change with the times, I'm sure. I
       | would love to see another dot-com-bust and clear out some of the
       | chaff, but it doesn't seem like it's going to happen this time
       | around.
       | 
       | If there's anything that will kill Silicon Valley it's that
       | people since 2010 have made *too* much money. Practically anyone
       | at a FAANG is now a multi-millionaire no matter what you've
       | worked on. One of the factors I listed above, greed, is now
       | missing for the most part. People have too much money, and with
       | that they stop getting hungry. The hunger for making money, which
       | propelled a lot of the advancement in previous decades, is absent
       | in many people here. Even I've become a multi-millionaire over
       | the last 5 years by doing nothing differently except buying a
       | house and working at a tech company. This causes a financial
       | convection current, which you're somewhat seeing, of the bored
       | rich Googlers moving on and doing other stuff. The incentive is
       | gone for many.
       | 
       | But as long as more immigrants from other countries come to
       | Silicon Valley because they've heard about how rich people come,
       | that will continue to fuel things for decades to come. These
       | days, if you get funded by a VC, you're getting $5 million for
       | 20%, which is a lot of money. Deals like that can't be matched
       | elsewhere and another reason why you won't see people trying to
       | raise money elsewhere, they will just come to Silicon Valley with
       | their greatest ideas and keep propelling it.
       | 
       | Silicon Valley will never die.
        
         | dataking wrote:
         | > There's a reason why we have never seen a world leading tech
         | company come out from anywhere except the US.
         | 
         | Spotify, ATI, ARM, BlackBerry?
        
           | selimthegrim wrote:
           | Canonical and the part of AWS built in SA?
        
         | sampo wrote:
         | > There's a reason why we have never seen a world leading tech
         | company come out from anywhere except the US.
         | 
         | Young people might not remember but 10+ years ago, Nokia used
         | to be the market leader in mobile phones.
         | 
         | https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Global-mobile-phone-mark...
        
         | keenreed wrote:
         | >> But as long as more immigrants from other countries come to
         | Silicon Valley because they've heard about how rich people come
         | 
         | Why should I come to SV? Living standard, taxes, workforce
         | cost, housing... I may get $5m funding, but that would only buy
         | an office and couple of employees for a few years. And if I
         | ever make it, VC and California taxes would eat 90% of my
         | profit.
         | 
         | And do not even let me start on family and children cost and
         | friendliness. Buying $3m house, so homeless guy can expose
         | himself in front of my daughter... :(
         | 
         | Raising funds is not that big deal, there is so much free
         | capital now. New trend is residency in tax heaven (UAE,
         | Singapore, Cyprus) and globally distributed team.
        
           | 6gvONxR4sf7o wrote:
           | > Buying $3m house, so homeless guy can expose himself in
           | front of my daughter... :(
           | 
           | You're talking about a few limited neighborhoods out of an
           | entire metropolitan area.
        
             | jstepka wrote:
             | that it's normalized is his point
             | 
             | shame on us for that
        
           | astrange wrote:
           | California doesn't have a high tax burden. If you manage to
           | get a house you're actually set, it's a feudal system where
           | you essentially never have to pay taxes again, since your
           | property tax will be below inflation forever.
        
             | gedy wrote:
             | Prop 13 allows for 2% increase every year[0]. That's more
             | than the (supposed) inflation rate in many years[1], though
             | agreed that feels inaccurate.
             | 
             | [0] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_California_Proposi
             | tion_...
             | 
             | [1] https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/inflation-
             | cpi
        
             | keenreed wrote:
             | Compared to what? California is not exactly known as tax
             | heaven.
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | That's because the only people who complain about "taxes"
               | in general terms are propagandists like Grover Norquist
               | who don't care about reality. People actually trying to
               | skip on their tax bills like Musk tend to do it quietly
               | and make up excuses.
               | 
               | Anyone who lives here knows perfectly well that their
               | neighbor who bought a house in the 80s has a property tax
               | bill 10x lower than theirs - actually I live next to
               | several car dealerships who'd pay less than I would if I
               | could afford a house here. That's the power of Prop 13.
               | 
               | Besides that, CA residents are probably getting a tax
               | refund this year because the state has a budget surplus.
        
               | keenreed wrote:
               | So rant about local politics and shaming people who
               | decide to leave.
               | 
               | I am sure California tax rate is under 70%, but I find it
               | highly non transparent and unpredictable.
        
         | fancyfish wrote:
         | I love this take. It's true, after the rise of modern tech
         | post-2008, the top talent got rich off RSUs and lost their
         | greediness. Greed made this industry what it is, in every
         | innovation cycle (hardware, software, dotcom, mobile).
         | 
         | We need a return to greed and a rise in hunger and
         | competitiveness, which creates innovation. Too many talented
         | individuals resting on their laurels cashing RSUs instead of
         | starting a company.
        
           | 6gvONxR4sf7o wrote:
           | I think it's a massive success that tech has been able to
           | share as much of its profits with its workers, and I think
           | that's because of stock comp creating a race to the top with
           | wage growth. We need more of that, not less.
        
         | jandrewrogers wrote:
         | Many places have plenty of talent, capital is increasingly
         | global, and greed is a human constant. None of these are
         | meaningfully unique to Silicon Valley these days. What
         | traditionally _has_ been unique is the culture, the importance
         | of which should never be underestimated. Unfortunately for
         | Silicon Valley, that culture now exists in many pockets outside
         | of Silicon Valley, often brought there by former denizens of
         | The Valley. And those people are bring a lot more wealth with
         | them due to making loads of money.
         | 
         | To your point, I do think the amount of money being thrown at
         | employees in Silicon Valley (and Seattle, and...) has been
         | detrimental to the ability to build hardcore technology
         | startups. The cost of building a critical mass of highly
         | qualified employees has made doing so effectively unachievable
         | in many domains that require such employees to have any chance
         | of executing successfully. This has created an arguably
         | pathological selection bias for the kinds of startups that can
         | be funded or the kinds of founders that can plausibly start a
         | given company.
         | 
         | Silicon Valley isn't dead but as a place to build a tech
         | company it is looking less differentiated with each passing
         | year. Some critical future software deep tech is now developed
         | almost entirely outside of Silicon Valley (cloud, AI, etc) even
         | at companies headquartered in the Valley.
        
         | nmfisher wrote:
         | > There's a reason why we have never seen a world leading tech
         | company come out from anywhere except the US.
         | 
         | Probably the most ignorant comment I've ever seen on HN.
        
           | 6gvONxR4sf7o wrote:
           | I agree completely with what you mean, but this was an
           | unnecessary, extremely insulting way to say it.
        
             | nmfisher wrote:
             | What the OP wrote is considerably more offensive than what
             | I responded with (and I also was originally going to
             | respond with something FAR less polite, but decided against
             | it).
             | 
             | Sugarcoating it any more would just dilute the message. I
             | stand by what I said.
        
           | stepbeek wrote:
           | This sentiment crops up semi-frequently here and I find it
           | really odd. The USA has a lot going for it, but they don't
           | have a monopoly on impactful tech.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | temporalparts wrote:
           | Instead of calling OP ignorant, can you help us with world-
           | leading tech companies that are not in the US?
           | 
           | I can think of Tencent from China in terms of company
           | valuation, but my impression is that Tencent's dominance is
           | confined to China instead of the world.
        
             | nmfisher wrote:
             | There's dozens already listed - but just to name a few off
             | the top of my head - ARM, TSMC, Spotify, Sony, Nintendo,
             | DJI, TikTok (ByteDance), Atlassian, Skype (pre-MS), Canva,
             | Nubank.
             | 
             | And that's also ignoring the dozens of Chinese companies
             | that dwarf their US counterparts but don't really do much
             | outside China (Ant/Alibaba/Jingdong/DiDi/etc).
             | 
             | "Only the US can produce world-leading tech companies" is
             | the type of thing you say when you get all your news from
             | TechCrunch and have never been outside the US.
        
             | meheleventyone wrote:
             | Spotify came from Sweden. Not sure they're a world leading
             | tech company but they definitely fit the SV startup mould.
        
             | m_mueller wrote:
             | I'll bite: Leadership in chip manufacturing is firmly in
             | TSMC's hands. Chip design is dominated by ARM and Qualcomm.
             | Display tech by Samsung and LG.
             | 
             | Today, if you have an idea for a new gadget and you need
             | fast prototyping, you're far better off setting up shop in
             | Shenzen than San Jose.
             | 
             | I'll give you one thing: When it comes to _software_ , by
             | far SV has still the most influence. But when you include
             | the whole tech space I think one should differentiate.
        
               | presentation wrote:
               | Not saying you're wrong, but isn't Qualcomm an American
               | company?
        
               | m_mueller wrote:
               | you could say that, but certainly not an SV company.
        
               | splittingTimes wrote:
               | I would even add that only a handful of companies out of
               | SV did add real societal value and many of them with
               | their dark engagement patterns are even detrimental.
        
         | gxs wrote:
         | I agree, but never say never.
         | 
         | The Chinese will for sure have their own version of Silicon
         | Valley and their giants will rival ours, no doubt.
         | 
         | I think there will be other critical centers of tech
         | innovation, similar to how Hollywood is Hollywood but NYC has
         | an industry as well.
        
           | raspasov wrote:
           | The fear of China "overtaking" the US is like the fear of the
           | Soviet Union during the Cold War. Real, but with no
           | substance. A system built on top of paranoia is very unlikely
           | to succeed.
        
             | mempko wrote:
             | I'm sorry, but China is much stronger economically than the
             | USSR ever was
        
             | gxs wrote:
             | No one said they would over take - merely they that are a
             | formidable foe and will have a presence no doubt.
             | 
             | The kind of hubris in this thread tells me despite how
             | asinine these articles are they hit HNs nerve.
        
               | kelnos wrote:
               | I wouldn't say "no one"; my personal opinion is that if
               | the West doesn't wake up, they'll quite easily overtake
               | in a few decades, if not sooner. We continue to enable
               | their rise, while ignoring their bad behavior, all
               | because we need access to their manufacturing
               | capability... capability we've willingly ceded to them
               | over the past decades.
        
             | kelnos wrote:
             | Downplaying China and their potential is exactly how China
             | got to the level of prominence they have today. I don't see
             | the Soviet Union as a good comparison. I think China could
             | still fail, of course, but they're much more likely than
             | the Soviets (from whom they no doubt learned some of what
             | not to do) to succeed in the longer term.
             | 
             | The biggest problem is that the West is allowing them to
             | win, by being addicted to cheap goods and losing the
             | ability to manufacture many things (cost-effectively or at
             | all) ourselves, while China doesn't open up their markets
             | to outsiders, at least nowhere near the same degree as we
             | give them access.
        
             | seniorivn wrote:
             | you oversimplify their model, for most people in
             | Schenchzen(Chinese silicon valley) the motivation is the
             | same as it was in US
        
           | busterarm wrote:
           | Also it's very much worth nothing that Silicon Valley no
           | longer has the monopoly on talent that it once had. In fact
           | in some of the more important development areas now, it's
           | shifted to places like Boston or elsewhere.
        
             | ojbyrne wrote:
             | I think you're not looking far enough back in the history
             | of computer technology to think it's _recently_ shifted to
             | places like Boston. There's always been companies outside
             | SV, and especially in Boston. And there's always been ebb
             | and flow.
        
               | busterarm wrote:
               | I'm well aware, but my point is this time that there are
               | entire fields where the _hub_ is Boston and not SV.
        
             | Apocryphon wrote:
             | Not to mention that a lot of talent are moving to Austin,
             | Miami, or literally anywhere thanks to the teleconferencing
             | technology that Silicon Valley invented.
             | 
             | Which raises the question if Silicon Valley isn't
             | geographical but is rather a catch-all for the cutting edge
             | and dumb money aspects of the U.S. tech industry. Is the
             | Amazon/Microsoft/Valve tech scene in Seattle any less
             | Silicon Valley than SV itself? Is Austin, which had
             | techbros since the 90s with the likes of Trilogy [0], and
             | an ongoing rush of new blood flowing out of the Bay Area,
             | any less SV? Will VCs moving to Miami turn it into the
             | funding operations center of SV?
             | 
             | [0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=620848
        
               | ulfw wrote:
               | Zoom is mostly developed in China, not even SV.
        
               | busterarm wrote:
               | I've found that as much as the technical folks have
               | spread out to Seattle & Austin (and now elsewhere as
               | those are getting too expensive), nearly all of the
               | business folks stick to the Valley. Both the brilliant
               | and the parasites.
               | 
               | As the capital cycle has shifted away from VC towards
               | companies consolidating and needing to make real returns,
               | it's going to be interesting to see if SV can stay what
               | it is until things turn around again.
               | 
               | During the dotcom correction, it was still possible for
               | some people to stick around and eek out a living. Today
               | that's not possible without technologist wages.
               | 
               | Business folks are mostly trend followers now and
               | "leaving California" is a trendy thing to do.
        
         | onethought wrote:
         | > the best the world could do is China which just stole US
         | ideas and then built a firewall to keep others out.
         | 
         | So where was WeChat and ubiquitous QR codes for everything
         | stolen from? Silicon Valley still haven't figured out how to do
         | Ubiquitous contactless payment... it's like going back in time
         | every time I travel there, and I have to swipe a credit card
         | and sign with a pen.
         | 
         | Or Taiwan's COVID/PPE Supply tracking system's?
         | 
         | Sorry... Silicon Valley is dying.
        
           | e_y_ wrote:
           | Crappy payments isn't a tech problem, it's a market problem.
           | Consumers and merchants can't be bothered to adopt
           | contactless technologies that were introduced half a decade
           | ago.
           | 
           | Companies have tried QR codes and other payment schemes long
           | before that (including the unfortunately named ISIS), but
           | again, no traction.
        
             | onethought wrote:
             | Americans don't like contactless payment?
             | 
             | Or (more Likely), unlike their Chinese counterparts,
             | American banks are way more conservative with adopting new
             | technologies. Hence why y'all still get paid with paper
             | cheques :)
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | We have contactless payment with EMVpay/Apple Pay. There
               | are some QR code systems like Venmo but I don't know what
               | the value add of scanning a code is supposed to be.
               | 
               | Nobody gets paid with paper checks unless they want to,
               | although if you're poor and have been blacklisted by the
               | bank system you might take it so you can use a check
               | cashing service.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | People have their habits. I do increasingly use my Apple
               | Watch (or a contactless credit card) to pay but my
               | observation on the outskirts of a large East Coast metro
               | is that effectively no one does.
               | 
               | I still use checks for service people and some other
               | purposes, e.g. when there's a fee for online payment.
        
           | ubertoop wrote:
           | You've listed literally 4 things.
           | 
           | You can't really believe that compares to the innovations to
           | come out of Silicon Valley, right?
        
             | onethought wrote:
             | Sorry, your right:
             | 
             | - largest electric vehicle manufacturer and adoption
             | 
             | - 5G (still no SV grown solution there)
             | 
             | - Most advanced solar manufacture
             | 
             | - biggest investor in renewable energy and nuclear
             | 
             | - biggest investor in space based technology and delivery
             | 
             | If you'd like more I can keep going. I was responding to:
             | "they steal everything"... I pointed out the most widely
             | used social network that was homegrown and unique.
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | > - 5G (still no SV grown solution there)
               | 
               | Is this a real thing that anyone cares about? There was a
               | lot of marketing from Samsung and Supermicro for a few
               | months about how everyone needed "5G AI cloud
               | infrastructure", but it seemed like an especially bad
               | strain of bullshit. I certainly haven't figured out what
               | it was supposed to mean yet.
               | 
               | Selling infrastructure to ISPs is not an amazingly high
               | margin business.
        
               | onethought wrote:
               | Yeah, 5G is a real thing. It's really fast and awesome!
               | 
               | It involves both improvements in hardware and software.
               | Huawei are the leaders in it. (Devastating to the
               | narrative that China just copies everyone)
        
               | inshadows wrote:
               | Define awesome. How will it improve my life? Please don't
               | mention high speed. Or if you do, mention applications
               | where it makes difference.
        
               | throwaway-8c93 wrote:
               | I do share your skepticism overall, 5G is being pushed
               | more aggressively than its value would warrant. But there
               | are parts of 5G suite that are indeed valuable and go
               | beyond the mere "moar speed" mantra.
               | 
               | Network slicing is not consumer facing, but is a big deal
               | in business-to-business connectivity, likely enabling
               | business models that just aren't possible today. It's a
               | bit like renting virtual machines in the cloud, but
               | instead you're renting connectivity, tailored to your SLA
               | needs.
               | 
               | Higher bandwidth, lower latency and lower power
               | consumption are not exciting in isolation, but improving
               | all of them at the same time does bring notably better
               | user experience (see the raving reviews of M1 Mac for the
               | same phenomenon).
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | 5G FR2 is certainly fast but we already had "fast" (5Ghz
               | Wi-Fi or wired Internet), and it's pretty harsh on mobile
               | batteries. 5G FR1 is somewhat better than LTE but not
               | really enough to enable new uses.
               | 
               | The real issue preventing new consumer uses is that
               | wireless plans are expensive and have data limits.
               | Driving that down presumably involves investing in the
               | wireless ISP backend, which doesn't have much to do with
               | the radio technology.
        
               | ubertoop wrote:
               | This list includes no genuinely new innovations except
               | for maybe 5G. You are listing that China is a major
               | manufacturer, which is true. The OPs point was that China
               | has a record of stealing IP from the US, which is also
               | true. Listing manufacturers in China doesn't disprove
               | this point.
               | 
               | So please, if you'd like, a list of genuine technologies
               | who's origins can be traced to China... I'll be waiting.
        
               | onethought wrote:
               | So WeChat, and 5G. Should be discounted because they
               | don't support your point, and you will wait for others?
               | Got it!
               | 
               | - Facial recognition on banking transactions.
               | 
               | - Tele Health rolled out via their ubiquitous home grown
               | social network
               | 
               | - AI drones policing temperature and mask wearing
               | 
               | - real-time automatic translation hardware and software.
               | 
               | - Chinese based text input via keyboards
               | 
               | - Chinese voice recognition (a different problem to tonal
               | languages)
               | 
               | By all means point out where they stole those things from
               | 
               | Then when you can't do that, check out their space
               | program, their capability easily surpasses NASA and is
               | competitive with space X. Which given they are banned
               | from even the iss where did they steal that from?
        
           | ping_pong wrote:
           | QR codes are Japanese not Chinese.
           | 
           | Contactless payment systems are everywhere now, the big push
           | being COVID.
           | 
           | Taiwan isn't China, any Taiwanese will tell you that. Taiwan
           | did a lot of things right when it came to the COVID response,
           | but it's easy to do when you have a population of 23 million
           | on a tiny island. I have several friends who are living in
           | Taiwan and I've been jealous of them throughout the pandemic
           | because their government handled it correctly. However, the
           | US vaccination response is the best in the world. Even I have
           | been vaccinated.
           | 
           | Silicon Valley isn't dying. It's literally the biggest
           | creator of wealth in the world, and it's so much that it's
           | causing a horrible amount of income inequality, especially in
           | the Bay Area itself. It's almost being a victim of its own
           | success, as I already mentioned.
        
             | onethought wrote:
             | I never said Taiwan was part of China... in fact I
             | mentioned them both separately by name... which would be
             | weird if I was saying they were the same right? #strawman
             | 
             | >biggest creator of wealth in the world
             | 
             | Amazon you mean? Or do you mean Tesla? Or Microsoft?... oh
             | wait... none of them are from SV.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | wojciii wrote:
         | > There's a reason why we have never seen a world leading tech
         | company come out from anywhere except the US.
         | 
         | A few examples:
         | 
         | Nokia (the sleeping giant will awaken again :))
         | 
         | Nordic Semiconductor
         | 
         | The Qt Company
         | 
         | Unity Technologies
         | 
         | I might be influenced by living in Scandinavia. :)
        
           | alfiedotwtf wrote:
           | Wasn't Opera, Nokia, and QT all within the same building too
           | in Oslo? Maybe something's in the water
        
             | kmonsen wrote:
             | Not Nokia, but yes I used to work for opera and trolltech
             | was just a floor above us. We did a lot of work for Nokia
             | device so maybe that's what you were thinking of.
             | 
             | Nokia itself was a giant corporation with multiple
             | buildings around Finland.
        
           | hu3 wrote:
           | TSMC
           | 
           | ASML
        
           | busterarm wrote:
           | > Nokia (the sleeping giant will awaken again :))
           | 
           | There is a nice little scene of companies in Espoo filled
           | with some incredibily talented technologists who all got
           | their start at Nokia.
           | 
           | Even if Nokia itself doesn't return, I expect at least one or
           | two major technology developments out of there. I have my eye
           | on ICEYE and have even thought of maybe working there.
        
           | 0DHm2CxO7Lb3 wrote:
           | Also Nintendo, Sony, Ericsson, and Samsung
        
         | JohnJamesRambo wrote:
         | > Silicon Valley will never die.
         | 
         | Over what time period? It's absurd to say this and mean
         | forever, if you have ever opened a history book. Even America
         | itself will pass out of dominance, as all superpowers have.
         | Rome, Britain, etc. Change is the rule, not the exception. It
         | is the natural way.
         | 
         | https://marketcap.com.au/history-world-reserve-currencies/
        
           | m0llusk wrote:
           | The research at Los Alamos that Geoffrey West has summarized
           | most recently in his book Scale demonstrates different
           | dynamics are at work. Creatures and companies grow and age
           | and die. Cities are a completely different construct. Rome
           | and Londinium are both still large and influential. Two
           | particularly stark demonstrations of this effect are
           | Hiroshima and Nagasaki both of which were wiped off the map
           | with nukes yet in roughly 30 years were back to being
           | thriving urban conurbations. Times change, but influence
           | remains more consistent than most expect. The startup scenes
           | in Detroit and Cleveland are other examples of boom towns
           | that were written off yet remain significant contributors.
        
             | rory wrote:
             | Sure, there is still innovation coming out of Detroit and
             | Cleveland, but I still think if SF/SV became like one of
             | those cities that would qualify as "dying" to a lot of
             | people who currently live there.
        
           | dang wrote:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fnyCJDYONSU#t=57
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Apocryphon wrote:
         | Did you even read the article? Because you seem to be
         | addressing a generic "Silicon Valley the place is dead"
         | clickbait article rather than an in-depth thoughtful essay
         | about the state of the tech industry and how it might transform
         | as more sciences beyond computing come to prominence.
         | 
         | As detailed as your comment is, it doesn't seem germane to the
         | OP at all and appears to be responding to merely the title and
         | the identity of the author.
        
           | dang wrote:
           | " _Please don 't comment on whether someone read an article.
           | "Did you even read the article? It mentions that" can be
           | shortened to "The article mentions that."_"
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
             | Apocryphon wrote:
             | Very well, next time I will simply state "the article
             | doesn't mention any of that, you have clearly not read it,
             | and you are using this comment thread as a personal soapbox
             | to broadcast your own opinions about a subject that is
             | orthogonal to the actual link, sucking up valuable
             | discussion that could be actually relevant and addresses
             | the article at hand."
        
               | dang wrote:
               | Ok, I see what you mean and realize that I didn't really
               | read your comment beyond the trigger phrase at the
               | beginning. Yes, generic top subthreads that don't really
               | address the article, but rather get sucked straight into
               | $predictable-thing-people-always-argue-about, are indeed
               | one of the biggest problems on HN and I'm constantly
               | trying to convince people not to go there.
               | 
               | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&
               | sor...
               | 
               | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&
               | que...
               | 
               | Still, please don't "Did you even read the article"--it
               | doesn't help. However, if you (or anyone) notice one of
               | these generic subthreads sitting at the top of a thread,
               | gathering mass and choking out more interesting
               | discussion, there actually is something super helpful you
               | can do: email hn@ycombinator.com to let us know. We
               | downweight those, and doing that is perhaps the single
               | best moderation thing we can do in large threads. It
               | makes a huge difference.
               | 
               | Just please remember that the problem is a co-creation,
               | and the bulk of it is caused not by the root generic
               | comment but by the upvotes they routinely attract. It's
               | more a tragedy-of-the-commons thing and not worth taking
               | out on any individual user. The solution is moderation,
               | i.e. a module whose job it is to watch over the main
               | system and jiggle it out of its failure modes.
               | 
               | I plan to add software so that users can help identify
               | and downweight these generic subthreads. Pending that,
               | though, emails hn@ycombinator.com alerting us to these
               | are greatly, fabulously appreciated.
        
               | Apocryphon wrote:
               | I understand, it's incredibly dispiriting to see long
               | written comments that grab a bunch of upvotes yet have
               | _absolutely nothing to do with the OP_ kill off all the
               | interest in the actual article. Can they simply be
               | flagged?
               | 
               | Though admittedly this article would probably be easier
               | to approach if it was broken up into four parts that
               | could each be addressed in different threads.
        
               | dang wrote:
               | You can flag them because generic tangents are against
               | the site guidelines. It might help, but when they're at
               | the top of a thread, the upvotes will most likely
               | dominate the flags. That's why moderator intervention is
               | needed.
               | 
               | Btw, a lot of the time these comments are perfectly fine
               | as long as they're halfway down the page. Humans like to
               | talk and we naturally talk about what we already know,
               | and repeat things we've said or felt many times before--
               | it's just the way we are. The problem comes more because
               | people upvote the familiar (because hey! I feel that way
               | too!), and then suddenly the more boring category
               | (regurgitating the familiar) chokes out the more
               | interesting one (new and unpredictable information). In
               | most cases that wasn't the commenter's intention. The
               | solution is for a countervailing mechanism, like
               | downweights, to dampen the effect of this suboptimal one.
               | Unfortunately that still requires moderator intervention,
               | which is a bottleneck.
        
         | barry-cotter wrote:
         | > Silicon Valley has the critical mass of talent, VC money and
         | greed that can't be replicated anywhere else in the world.
         | 
         | Tel Aviv has it. Beijing has it. SV's big advantage over them
         | is the internal market and Beijing will acquire that soon
         | enough.
         | 
         | > There's a reason why we have never seen a world leading tech
         | company come out from anywhere except the US.
         | 
         | True enough in software but see SAP. DeepMind was British, no?
         | Give it time. Germany was the epicenter of the chemical
         | industry before and to a large extent after WW1. It's still a
         | big deal but Detroit is still a big deal in the automotive
         | industry too.
         | 
         | > Despite having much higher educational standards even in 3rd
         | world countries, the best the world could do is China which
         | just stole US ideas and then built a firewall to keep others
         | out.
         | 
         | There is no credible interpretation of this. In CS the US'
         | dominance in research is so great I'm not even sure what the
         | best non-US university even is, perhaps ETH Zurich?
        
           | rapsey wrote:
           | > Beijing will acquire that soon enough.
           | 
           | I very much doubt it. Israel and china have something in
           | common like all rising powers do, strong nationalism.
           | Foreigners getting funded before locals is I am sure
           | completely unthinkable.
        
         | rapsey wrote:
         | SV will exist for as long as the US is in the position it is in
         | the world. Money will flow while USD is the worlds reserve
         | currency.
         | 
         | The US is however rotting from within. The political
         | disfunction will eventually destroy everything.
        
           | astrange wrote:
           | The US has a lot of democratic risk but I have more hope for
           | the country than Europe or Africa, because our economic
           | policy is so much better. Europeans love their post-WW2
           | welfare states, but in practice their current governments
           | react to everything with more austerity, and they're really
           | anti-immigration.
        
             | rapsey wrote:
             | US economic policy is a result of the dollar being a world
             | reserve currency. This is a unique privilege (usd being
             | overvalued and liquid) and also a curse (inequality).
             | 
             | Europe has quite a lot of internal migration and the US
             | largely benefits from highly educated european and asian
             | immigrants to SV. What makes europeans move is access to
             | capital. It all comes down to the dollar.
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | Well, that's a theory, but it's not proven and we'd have
               | to lose the status to do the experiment.
               | 
               | There are countries with higher median wealth than the US
               | and there are countries with a higher debt to GDP ratio -
               | Japan and Canada have both. Really it just seems like
               | printing money is much safer than people think, and
               | everyone is just afraid of inflation because it happened
               | once in the 70s due to an energy crisis.
        
               | rapsey wrote:
               | > There are countries with higher median wealth than the
               | US and there are countries with a higher debt to GDP
               | ratio - Japan and Canada have both.
               | 
               | All irrelevant.
               | 
               | > Really it just seems like printing money is much safer
               | than people think
               | 
               | It is safer when your currency is the one most other
               | countries are indebted in and buy their goods in. USD
               | increasing in value causes economic crises around the
               | world, USD decreasing in value causes economic booms
               | around the world. All because countries are paying their
               | debts in dollars.
               | 
               | > and everyone is just afraid of inflation because it
               | happened once in the 70s due to an energy crisis.
               | 
               | A whole lot of things happened in the 70s. Like the USD
               | going off the gold standard completely, other countries
               | starting to get rid of it for this reason and the
               | establishment of the petro dollar to get it under control
               | again. The 70s showed how things start unraveling when
               | USD status is threatened.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | The root cause is people around the world still trust the
               | US organization as a country, at least more than the
               | others.
        
               | rapsey wrote:
               | Yeah and the terrirists hate you for your freedom.
        
         | astrange wrote:
         | > If there's anything that will kill Silicon Valley it's that
         | people since 2010 have made _too_ much money. Practically
         | anyone at a FAANG is now a multi-millionaire no matter what you
         | 've worked on.
         | 
         | No they're not. A multi-thousandaire maybe.
         | 
         | You can get to millionaire status if you buy a house and pay
         | off the loan, but for that you need more than 10 years of
         | working in SV or an inheritance.
        
         | serial_dev wrote:
         | > That's like saying Hollywood is doomed, or Wall Street is
         | doomed.
         | 
         | > Silicon Valley has the critical mass of talent, VC money and
         | greed that can't be replicated anywhere else in the world.
         | 
         | Nothing lasts forever. Some time ago, Detroit would have been
         | on your list, too:
         | 
         | "so tired of random writers trying to predict that Silicon
         | Valley is doomed. It's like saying Detroit is doomed. Detroit
         | has the critical mass of talent and greed that can't be
         | replicated anywhere else in the world."
        
         | KorematsuFred wrote:
         | While the title of Tim's essay (which is not all matching with
         | the title) is wrong so is your conclusion.
         | 
         | > Silicon Valley will never die.
         | 
         | Silicon valley is already dead in many sense. It has long
         | stopped being the place where bunch of nerds could meet and
         | make interesting stuff purely for the soul in the game. In last
         | 20 years it is replaced by "i want to get rich" crowd who are
         | building crappy products, VCs in suites who just get lucky
         | every now and then, Big Tech which is a bog in itself, greedy
         | and corrupt politicians squeezing people. The joy of building
         | stuff is replaced with pressure of white board coding, and
         | folks are large cos are not really solving interesting problems
         | but haggling over promos and TC on teamblind.com.
         | 
         | SV of today is just another wall street where people spend
         | their 20s and 30s doing back breaking work so they could get
         | out of this place in their 40s. It is a soul less place.
         | 
         | I think SV will die eventually (so will NY, London or any other
         | city) over sufficiently long period.
        
         | justinzollars wrote:
         | > or Wall Street is doomed
         | 
         | IDK Wall Street seems pretty irrelevant to me. The only thing
         | that matters these days is the Fed.
        
       | onethought wrote:
       | Isn't another growing/bigger centre for technology innovation now
       | in China/Taiwan? Are we just pretending that Silicon Valley is
       | still Mecca?
        
         | rapsey wrote:
         | For software it sure is Mecca and nothing else comes close.
        
           | ulfw wrote:
           | Well good to know there's a ton of other holy places besides
           | Mecca
        
           | onethought wrote:
           | Except in China. Which is my point.
           | 
           | For every Uber there is a Didi. Microsoft there is a
           | Tencent...
           | 
           | Etc. but they don't play at US scale, they play at China
           | scale.
        
             | rapsey wrote:
             | You are listing giants who are generaly state supported and
             | largely copies of western tech. The thing is about having a
             | rich ecosystem of small players innovating. That is what
             | makes SV.
        
               | onethought wrote:
               | I'm trying to say that the "good old days" of SV are the
               | current days in Shenzhen. Yes, heaps of little startups
               | doing cool stuff with easy access to software and
               | hardware talent.
               | 
               | Copies of western tech? This is just propaganda the US
               | tells itself. There is a lot of original tech in China.
               | Where did they copy 5G from? Or their vaunted "social
               | credit" system from?
        
         | no_wizard wrote:
         | I think its fair to say that they're growing for sure, as the
         | government and corporations have been investing there. What I
         | feel makes Silicon Valley unique (backed by the history as I
         | understand it) is the proximity of things
         | 
         | - The foundational organizations and proximity to an intense
         | congregation of early innovation orgs, many of which started in
         | Silicon Valley, or always had a large presence from the early
         | days
         | 
         | - Proximity to a delta of good universities (large hiring pool,
         | of ready to work post grads helps a lot)
         | 
         | - The incubation of VCs that despite many attempts to lure
         | them, are still largely located in Silicon Valley
         | 
         | I think these over arching factors are the biggest reason
         | Silicon Valley is unique. They're also not often talked about
         | in this way very often in the 'mythos' of SV, but are very much
         | the bedrock
         | 
         | It also doesn't make SV unique, per say (I think for medical
         | device startups, states like Minnesota would be a good fit for
         | your company, since they have a lot of investment in this area
         | by multiple entities, as well as the same university graph so
         | the pool of students you can hire is pretty good, and I feel
         | this is pretty key to a lot of it)
        
           | onethought wrote:
           | I'm guessing you haven't been to Shenzhen. Where everything
           | you mentioned is, and growing.
        
             | throwaway2037 wrote:
             | > Proximity to a delta of good universities
             | 
             | What good unis are in Guangdong (GD) province? The most
             | famous ones I know are in Shanghai and Beijing. From my
             | limited experience with hiring in Shenzhen, almost no one
             | was from GD, nor went to uni in GD. Most went to uni in
             | Shanghai or Beijing.
             | 
             | > The foundational organizations
             | 
             | I think the OP is referring to big gov't research (DARPA,
             | etc.) that is the backbone of technologies behind the
             | Internet and integrated circuits. Do similar orgs (and
             | history) exist in Shenzhen? Again, my impression is that
             | most of those orgs exist in Shanghai and Beijing.
        
               | onethought wrote:
               | DARPA was based in Virginia... so not sure what SV
               | history you are referring to.
               | 
               | Yes Guangdong is the technology zone for China, it
               | receives both state funding, state run incubators and
               | special economic status.
               | 
               | But in essence they have both highly skilled hardware
               | engineers and software engineers which is like SV of old.
               | Where as current day SV is dominated by software, where
               | they ship the manufacture of things to Shenzhen or
               | Taiwan.
               | 
               | As far as universities, you have Sun Yat Sen University
               | in GZ one of the top tier universities in China. And yes
               | a whole lot of internal migration from the north to the
               | south. Shenzhen growing from 70k to 10mil in 40 years is
               | an insane population movement
        
         | baby wrote:
         | I was in both BJ and Taipei and I didn't see that. BJ has
         | Chinese players for sure, but that's it, while Taipei still
         | feels like a small player that's comparable to berlin /
         | chiangmai
        
           | onethought wrote:
           | Taiwan home to TMSC (amoung others) currently (with apples
           | help admittedly) putting intel to shame.
           | 
           | Edit: Looking for Tech in PK is like looking for tech in D.C
           | China's "bay area" is in Guangdong in the GZ, SZ, DS
           | triangle.
        
             | baby wrote:
             | It's still going to be Chinese heavy (assuming you said
             | ShenZhen and not SuZhou)
        
       | EGreg wrote:
       | Until 1988, California was ruled largely by Republicans.
       | 
       | Since 1988, it gradually cane to be ruled more by Democrats, with
       | the notable exception of the "moderate" Republican governor
       | Schwartzenegger.
       | 
       | https://www.latimes.com/projects/la-pol-ca-california-voting...
       | 
       | In both eras, its GDP and population went up, until it became the
       | 5th or 4th largest economy in the world.
       | 
       | A bit of mean reversion occurs, after massive spikes in housing
       | prices, wildfires and a pandemic and everyone loses their crap.
       | Seriously, people... this is about as bad as cries of "CARNAGE!!"
       | in 2016 when crime has a slight uptick after 10 years of decline.
        
         | baloney1 wrote:
         | Correlation does not imply causation, son.
        
           | seniorivn wrote:
           | but he clearly does
        
         | throw-away_42 wrote:
         | Perhaps you're thinking of some other state?
         | 
         | https://governors.library.ca.gov/36-wilson.html
        
       | azinman2 wrote:
       | What I don't understand about the article is saying that SV is
       | doomed because other areas are likely to be so huge is to ignore
       | that there are already so many other areas of the economy even
       | during SV's growth. True FAANG grew at incredible rates over the
       | past decade. It's unclear that'll slow down at all as software
       | and computerization continues its current path. But all these
       | biotech / green economy jobs it talks about will still run on
       | software and microchips... in R&D, manufacturing, logistics, etc.
       | Why can't this be an AND versus an XOR? The article also implies
       | there's no biotech in SV - the Bay Area is home to many world
       | leading biotech companies. Yes there are other gravitational
       | pulls in SD, Boston, NJ (and I'm sure others internationally),
       | but it's not like that mix doesn't exist here. And once the green
       | economy starts really going, why wouldn't there be places for new
       | companies for follow in SV?
        
       | 1vuio0pswjnm7 wrote:
       | "To be sure, a great deal of content on the World Wide Web and in
       | social media is produced and consumed with commercial intent, but
       | a remarkable amount is produced entirely without a profit motive.
       | Google economists have told me that only six percent of Google
       | search result pages carry any advertising at all. The other 94%
       | of pages are the product of the joyful exuberance of humanity,
       | creating and sharing for the joy of it."
       | 
       | I have been repeating the second part of this statement as a
       | truism for decades as internet advertising keeps growing.
       | 
       | Apparently I have have been living it too because nearly 100% of
       | the searches I make have zero targeted ads.
       | 
       | To the gatekeeper companies controlling the www today there
       | appears to be no commercial/non-commercial distinction.
       | 
       | For these companies and all those who ride their coattails, data
       | collection for the ultimate purpose of internet advertising is
       | fair game anywhere and everywhere.
       | 
       | "Silicon Valley is a mirror of what is wrong with our economy and
       | corporate governance, not the cause of it, or even the worst
       | exemplar. (Tobacco, oil, and pharma companies vie for the top
       | spot.)"
       | 
       | Tobacco, oil and pharma are all highly regulated industries. SV
       | is highly unregulated.
       | 
       | It is curious to me why financial services did not make the the
       | list of exemplars. Meanwhile the author then proceeds with a
       | criticism of "casino capitalism".
       | 
       | Perhaps there are links between the rise of "casino capitalism"
       | and the rise of the www as a promoted commercial prospect, in the
       | late 1990s/early 2000's and again more recently.
        
         | cblconfederate wrote:
         | > nearly 100% of the searches I make have zero
         | 
         | Google has pretty much eaten all advertising they can eat,
         | there is no more to eat no matter how many ads they add. They
         | can pretty much set the prices of their ads arbitrarily high
         | since they have control over both advertisers and publishers.
         | 
         | > financial services did not make the the list of exemplars
         | 
         | Yeah, from the outside , SV currently seems to be Finance #2:
         | greed is good, morals are for losers, grow fast and gtfo
         | mentality
        
       | TedShiller wrote:
       | The people that he mentions at the beginning of the article who
       | have left have all peaked in their careers. The real loss would
       | not be of people who have peaked leaving but of people who
       | haven't peaked yet leaving.
        
         | jmeister wrote:
         | People who have "peaked" have a lot of offer in terms of
         | mentorship, connections etc.
         | 
         | In fact, a concentration of people who've been there done that
         | is probably that hardest thing to find in one place outside the
         | respective central cities.
        
         | ulfw wrote:
         | LOL yea.
         | 
         | That's exactly the SV problem. Lure a bunch of inexperienced
         | young people who give away their best years to a corporation in
         | hopes of becoming rich. Very few do.
         | 
         | The vast majority spend their money on NYC-level high taxes and
         | rent.
        
           | TedShiller wrote:
           | You gotta play to win. Yes, not everyone can win the lottery,
           | that's true.
        
         | brandmeyer wrote:
         | > people who haven't peaked yet leaving.
         | 
         | No, it is people who haven't peaked yet not even coming in the
         | first place.
        
           | TedShiller wrote:
           | True. Hence the wrong focus in the article.
           | 
           | It's like if Bill Gates leaves Seattle. Nothing happens
           | because Gates is done in his career.
        
             | ulfw wrote:
             | Bill Gates is not done at all. In fact he is doing more and
             | better things for mankind with his career now than he did
             | when he ran Microsoft.
        
               | TedShiller wrote:
               | Sure, but Bill Gates leaving Seattle would not impact the
               | Seattle tech industry at all.
        
         | NeverFade wrote:
         | Elon Musk has "peaked in his career"? I understand that we need
         | to rudely dismiss everyone who left NorCal, but maybe let's try
         | to maintain some semblance of connection to reality?
        
           | dang wrote:
           | Please let's not go into the Musk Wars. They're all the same
           | and always lame.
        
             | NeverFade wrote:
             | Hi! Maybe you'd like to address the blatant abuse of the
             | flagging system on this website?
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26402532
        
               | dang wrote:
               | You'd need to come up with better examples than
               | nationalistic flamewar comments like that one and its
               | parent, both of which were correctly flagged by users.
               | The only problem I see with flags in that hellish thread
               | is that there weren't enough of them.
               | 
               | Would you mind reviewing
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html? Between
               | that case and this one, it seems like it would be good to
               | calibrate your sense of what we're trying for here.
        
               | NeverFade wrote:
               | I presented a coherent argument against an Antisemitic
               | comment which you admit has no place here. At the time I
               | posted my response, the Antisemitic comment was not
               | flagged, in fact it was highly upvoted and visible.
               | 
               | My own comment got abusively flagged by the same brigade
               | which upvoted the Antisemitic comment I was pointing out.
               | And you are justifying this.
               | 
               | Now I made this comment, which is entirely innocent. Is
               | there a rule against refuting the claim that Musk's
               | career is in some sort of terminal decline? Are we only
               | allowed to state that it is, like OP has done?
               | 
               | My innocent comment, the first one I made since that last
               | discussion, gets an uncalled-for response by a mod. Seems
               | I'm either being flag-abused again by the same brigade,
               | or it's just your dislike for opposition to Antiemitic
               | comments. Opposition which you condemn as
               | "nationalistic".
        
               | dang wrote:
               | There's a rule against making unsubstantive, inflammatory
               | comments, especially on divisive topics.
               | 
               | The problem with what you're saying here is that everyone
               | overestimates the "innocence" of their own comments by
               | (say) 100x and overestimates the guilt/provocation of
               | others' comments by a similar factor. That leads to a
               | 10000x distortion, which leads to a worldview in which
               | everyone else is getting away with outrageous shit while
               | the rule-enforcers are picking on you completely
               | unfairly. This is a standard bias--I assure you that the
               | other side feels exactly the same way. If we stay in that
               | perspective, the entire forum will turn into flamewar and
               | burn to a crisp. That's not an outcome which serves
               | anybody.
               | 
               | The only way out of this is to recognize the bias and
               | work to overcome it in oneself. I think if you re-read
               | your posts in that spirit, it's pretty easy to see how
               | they weren't as coherent and innocent as you say--from my
               | perspective they were very similar to the other
               | unsubstantive/inflammatory/flamewar comments and all that
               | is happening here is routine moderation.
               | 
               | Let's take your above post as an example. No doubt you
               | have very coherent, cogent thoughts about this topic but
               | what did your post actually say? First it repeated what
               | the other person said, then it went straight to snark ("I
               | understand that we need to rudely dismiss everyone who
               | left NorCal") and then to personal attack ("maybe let's
               | try to maintain some semblance of connection to
               | reality?"). If you've read
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html, it
               | should be easy to see that this is not the sort of
               | comment that we want on HN. I'm sure that if a third
               | party had posted that, this would be obvious to you,
               | especially if it were about some unrelated topic that you
               | don't feel so strongly about.
               | 
               | It's common for people to assume that their comment
               | expresses their thoughts--their solid, substantive ideas
               | on an issue--when in reality their comment has done
               | nothing the sort. This is an easy mistake to make because
               | to each of us, our own thoughts are transparently
               | present, and we can just assume them. However, nobody
               | else (with the possible exception of any gifted mind-
               | readers among us) has any clue what those thoughts are
               | unless you express them explicitly, and it doesn't matter
               | how insightful or clever or right you are if your comment
               | consists of snark and attack. To be a good HN
               | contributor, you should therefore (1) express your solid
               | thoughts explicitly, and (2) drop any snark and attack.
               | 
               | As for Antisemitism, you've made a pretty dangerous and
               | damaging claim here, which is neither true nor fair, nor
               | does it serve the cause you're supporting. I'm not going
               | to take it personally, but in my view you should try to
               | be more careful about throwing such grave charges. When
               | you do it casually or unjustly (and you did both here),
               | you cheapen them--and you can also really hurt people.
        
               | NeverFade wrote:
               | Let's look at the post I was responding to:
               | 
               | > _The people that he mentions at the beginning of the
               | article who have left have all peaked in their careers._
               | 
               | That is very dismissive of a long list of entrepreneurs
               | who contributed so much to the Valley. I'm not even a
               | Musk fan (I'd never work for him, for example) but he
               | came up as a clear example of someone on that list who is
               | objectively still in a very strong phase of his career
               | and could easily have more and greater impact for years
               | to come.
               | 
               | I did find OP's dismissal rude to these entrepreneurs,
               | but considered my stronger argument to be the
               | counterfactual nature of the claim that Musk has
               | "peaked".
               | 
               | Thus I pointed out that claiming Musk has "peaked" is
               | factually detached from reality. Even if you disagree, my
               | argument clearly pertains to OP's claim (i.e. that all
               | these entrepreneurs have "peaked") and not in any way to
               | OP as a person.
               | 
               | Finally, I've been contributing here for two years now.
               | In this time, I saw many, many snarky comments, and made
               | a few too. I've never seen a comment flagged for snark.
               | 
               | Then I participated respectfully in a discussion, where I
               | spoke out against Antisemitism, and my comment got
               | flagged. It was the first time I got flagged in two
               | years. Then almost immediately multiple other comments of
               | mine got flagged.
               | 
               | Then I made this comment, which seems normal based on all
               | the comments I've seen here before, and it got flagged,
               | and you got involved.
               | 
               | The only reasonable way to interpret this situation: the
               | same people who started spuriously flagging me before are
               | still flagging my comments. You notice a flagged comment,
               | get involved, and tried to backward-rationalize why after
               | two years I'm suddenly a troublemaker. First because I
               | mentioned Musk (no rule against that). Then because I
               | used snark (very common here, and again not forbidden by
               | the rules). Then because I supposedly made a personal
               | attack (I didn't).
               | 
               | As for Antisemitism, I only ask you to imagine yourself
               | as a Jewish person reading multiple comments about how
               | Israeli Jews are using "many dirty tricks", constantly
               | and intentionally war mongering, mocking and insulting
               | other nations and their people just for spite, are
               | universally murderous and blood-thirsty, "steal land",
               | have no rightful place in this world - all echoing
               | classic Antisemitic false narratives about Jews.
               | 
               | And these comments aren't just downvoted and flagged -
               | they are often upvoted and visible. Then you speak out
               | against that racist bias, and you get flagged. Then you
               | try to continue to use the site as you've done before,
               | and suddenly 2/3 of your comments get flagged and mods
               | start addressing you as a troublemaker.
               | 
               | How would you feel?
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | caslon wrote:
       | _High-profile entrepreneurs like Elon Musk, venture capitalists
       | like Peter Thiel and Keith Rabois, and big companies like Oracle
       | and HP Enterprise are all leaving California._
       | 
       | Oh wow! Larry Ellison, that one guy who lies about his cars
       | _putting literal lives at risk_ , a figurative vampire (infuses
       | literal blood of young people into himself) and his thrall, and a
       | company that hasn't been relevant since the 1970s all are leaving
       | the Valley!
       | 
       | I don't even live there, and I never plan on living there, but
       | they're not citing anyone all that meaningful. _Larry Ellison_ is
       | somehow the person who comes off the best out of that group!
       | Larry Ellison! A guy who can best be described with a lawnmower
       | metaphor! Come on!
       | 
       | And now a guy who corporatized free software to the point of it
       | being completely unenforced _and also_ coined Web 2.0 to sell you
       | books is telling you to leave!
       | 
       | I'm skeptical about this "end" of the Valley, somehow. Almost
       | seems like they're trying to get you to leave to devalue the
       | price of real estate, scoop it up and then advocate once more for
       | the Valley.
        
         | busterarm wrote:
         | Oracle is, unfortunately, extremely relevant, just in none of
         | the places you care about. Your biases keep you from seeing it.
         | 
         | In fact I was just recently involved in some conversations that
         | could see the spend of tens of millions on their Cloud platform
         | and where they are seriously looking like the strongest
         | contender on both the technical and the business side.
         | 
         | Second tier cloud providers should be extremely worried about
         | Oracle eating their lunch. Eventually the big three might have
         | to too...
        
           | caslon wrote:
           | Silicon Valley's value is in _innovation._ Oracle doesn 't
           | innovate, and Amazon's in Seattle anyway. There's really
           | nothing that matters as far as any of the cloud companies;
           | they're valueless.
        
             | busterarm wrote:
             | Was.
             | 
             | Now it's just a myth that people perpetuate. What SV has
             | now is a bunch of greedy people looking to give money to
             | ideas.
             | 
             | It's not that SV technologists are innovators anymore, it's
             | just that they are in proximity to money.
             | 
             | Now the business people and their greed and money are
             | leaving SV en masse. What does it have left?
        
               | caslon wrote:
               | "give money"
               | 
               | This isn't what happens.
               | 
               | SV worked fine before there was money there, they'll work
               | fine after. No VC is going to stop throwing money with
               | conditions at people in the Valley, because they're not
               | stupid, and they know how to make more. They're just
               | going to tell other people to leave.
        
               | busterarm wrote:
               | Capital is cyclical and we're moving out of the phase
               | that's favorable to VCs literally right now. We're in a
               | consolidation period and winners/losers are going to be
               | picked very soon. Funding has been slowing down a lot.
        
         | Apocryphon wrote:
         | The article neither tells anyone to leave SV nor is it talking
         | about SV as a geographical area but rather the modern state of
         | the tech industry, if you and so many others like you have
         | actually bothered to read to the end of the very first
         | paragraph.
         | 
         | > Is this the end of Silicon Valley as we know it? Perhaps. But
         | other challenges to Silicon Valley's preeminence are more
         | fundamental than the tech diaspora.
        
           | caslon wrote:
           | I _did_ read the article. I 'm still 100% confident that it's
           | just a way to get people to leave.
        
           | perl4ever wrote:
           | I read, or skimmed, all the way to the end, and I don't think
           | it gets any better.
           | 
           | One particular super up-to-date cliche that annoys me is
           | where it goes on about "casino capitalism". So today we're
           | not attacking "Wall Street's short term thinking"? When
           | you're against risk taking _and_ conservatism, all you 're
           | saying is "people shouldn't make mistakes, blaargh". You're
           | right, they shouldn't. It's been noted.
           | 
           | I don't think the whole thing says anything worthwhile at
           | all, or contains any non-cliched thought, so I think people
           | who didn't read it should be excused.
           | 
           | All I want from a "thoughtful" article is some thought that
           | is new _and could be right or wrong_.  "Not even wrong" gets
           | all the clicks.
        
       | op03 wrote:
       | Its been in decline ever since outsourcing began. Inevitable in a
       | connected world. Time to move on. Whats the Chinese/Indian
       | equivalent of HN?
        
       | 6gvONxR4sf7o wrote:
       | I really wish I believed this article more, but it strikes me as
       | too optimistic :( It says a bunch of changes are coming that I
       | wish were coming, but don't believe we'll get soon. Weird to come
       | away from a "SV will die" article with that feeling.
        
       | mempko wrote:
       | Overall this is a really good piece. O'Reilly is wrong that the
       | world was unprepared. South east Asia was prepared and handled it
       | Amazingly. It's not just communist governments that did well, New
       | Zealand and Australia did well too.
       | 
       | However, the western world was unprepared and despite being rich,
       | failed it's people... Especially the USA and UK.
       | 
       | O'Reilly is right that we need to switch gears and solve climate
       | change instead of more social media ad tech development. And he
       | may be right the skills needed are elsewhere.
        
         | geomark wrote:
         | What you say is true, but I wonder what you mean by "failed
         | it's people". Because from what I saw it wasn't just really
         | poor leadership. It was the prevalent attitude of individualism
         | above everyone else that made things really bad in many western
         | countries. People failed themselves. And great leaders aren't
         | going to change that culture.
        
         | cblconfederate wrote:
         | Oceania's willingness to be bold may be a good omen for their
         | future
        
           | refurb wrote:
           | Oceania will be on the front lines of the geopolitical
           | rivalry between China and the West. Australia is already
           | hurting because China is screwing with their exports.
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | > O'Reilly is right that we need to switch gears and solve
         | climate change instead of more social media ad tech development
         | 
         | Solving climate change in relevant timescales involves severe
         | cuts to consumption, which will cause havoc because it will
         | mess with all the economic growth projections people expect,
         | which will cause short term pain even if it accomplishes long
         | term gain. I wouldn't hold my breath.
        
       | shinkim0914 wrote:
       | There is no place like Silicon Valley where taking a career risk
       | to quit a job and start a company is normalized, understood, and
       | encouraged.
        
         | cblconfederate wrote:
         | he says that the question is what kind of company one will
         | build
        
         | baby wrote:
         | Yet with the high rents and the lack of universal healthcare it
         | takes a crazy person to take such a risk. I personally will
         | start my startup from abroad when the time is right.
        
           | shinkim0914 wrote:
           | Yes, it's still risky. But at least you're still understood
           | because of the pervasive startup culture in SV. Everyone in
           | SV can relate to startups. I think what's tough outside of SV
           | is that people don't relate to startups. People might think
           | you're just weird.
        
             | baby wrote:
             | Who cares if your investors are from sv but you're based
             | elsewhere?
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | The investors care. Traditionally they wouldn't fund
               | anyone who wasn't in easy reach.
               | 
               | It's also easier to hire employees since they're all in
               | SV.
        
               | baby wrote:
               | Employees are all in SV? What?
        
               | tolbish wrote:
               | I am curious. What else do investors "traditionally" care
               | about? I am referring to aspects that aren't always
               | explicit, like physical proximity.
               | 
               | Do investors not also want (competent) exceptions that
               | stand out?
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | Some VCs want to see you have a good team that works
               | together, and some combination of good ideas and work
               | history that makes it seem like your startup will take
               | off even if you have to pivot and give up your current
               | prototype.
               | 
               | Others are having a midlife crisis and want to be your
               | new rich dad, or they want a cult leader who makes them
               | feel smart and throws cool insider parties. In this case
               | it helps to be a white guy or at least Elizabeth Holmes.
               | 
               | One would hope YC is the first since we're on their
               | website, but having read pg's essays and noticed his
               | advice for startups is half post hoc fallacies ("use Lisp
               | because I did") and half is unethical ("don't hire women
               | or people with accents to get culture fit") I dunno.
        
               | bsenftner wrote:
               | Investors want to meet a slightly smarter but younger
               | version of themselves. This makes them feel comfortable
               | with the risk of their investment, they imagine all kinds
               | of congruencies between you and them, even if they don't
               | exist. They want to convey some nugget of wisdom that
               | you, the entrepreneur, reverence as they key to their
               | success. But most of all, they want you to be a money
               | tree that buds and flowers and bears fruit continually,
               | to the degree the generated revenues are a problem.
               | Anything less, and they go silent for a while before
               | applying pressures with rarely helpful advice from non-
               | technology or old-technology backgrounds.
        
               | baby wrote:
               | Considering the amount of random cryptocurrency being
               | funded, heh
        
               | QuesnayJr wrote:
               | There's a strong distance effect, where investors will
               | invest more easily companies located near them. It could
               | be that this will change after a year of experience with
               | doing everything online, but it's been true historically.
        
           | raverbashing wrote:
           | It kinda balances out when you're young and can easily get a
           | seed $1M dollars to build a company with a very dubious (or
           | non-existent) business plan
           | 
           | There's your salary. If the company works out or not later,
           | well, you're a founder and has the experience, it's easier to
           | get a job anywhere.
        
         | drawkbox wrote:
         | Additionally, California is one of the only states that doesn't
         | recognize non-competes [1], that is key for innovation and
         | competitors coming up including small/medium competitors. This
         | part is always overlooked.
         | 
         | > _A few states, such as California, Montana, North Dakota, and
         | Oklahoma, totally ban non-compete agreements for employees, or
         | prohibit all non-compete agreements except in limited
         | circumstances._ [1]
         | 
         | There is also a massive augmented wave coming that is heavily
         | underestimated and will change everything. The future is
         | heavily content creation in new phases of technology which are
         | huge. Overall, it is better to have a virtual economy that uses
         | less resources than a physical one.
         | 
         | The new markets are definitely remote and that is how you
         | communicate with most people now even in the same building, so
         | being physically in California isn't as needed. Though the
         | policies of not recognizing non-competes needs to go
         | nationwide. Non-competes are anti-innovation, anti-worker,
         | anti-business, anti-competition and only help the bigs.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-
         | compete_clause#United_Stat...
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | Tons of companies that aren't in California don't have non-
           | competes or have very limited ones. I've never had a
           | meaningful non-compete in the course of my career. (Had a
           | very narrow one when one company was acquired.)
           | 
           | I'm certainly not a fan of non-competes but note that, even
           | in California, a company can drag you into an expensive court
           | battle over non-solicitation clauses, NDAs, etc. It's also a
           | matter of non-competes not being _enforceable_ in general. A
           | small company may still choose not to hire you if they think
           | there 's a possibility they may need to go to court.
        
             | snovv_crash wrote:
             | I've had 3 in a row in Europe. I doubt they would have been
             | enforceable, but from conversations with colleagues they
             | certainly had a chilling effect.
        
         | earthscienceman wrote:
         | ... that's because it's not a career risk when you're a multi
         | millionaire who will just be rehired by your friends if your
         | venture fails.
        
           | WalterGR wrote:
           | Who are these multi millionaires? Clearly I know the wrong
           | people in tech in the Bay Area.
        
             | opportune wrote:
             | Probably most people I work with in their 30s or 40s are
             | multimillionaires.
        
               | WalterGR wrote:
               | Yeah? On paper, 401k, or elsewhere? Where have they
               | worked and for how long?
               | 
               | Because in my experience, the "everyone who works at a
               | FAANG is a multi-millionaire" meme is 100% bullshit.
               | Especially when I read things like
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26336029
        
               | opportune wrote:
               | I never said everybody is, but I do think most people who
               | have been at FAANG or companies that pay in the same
               | ballpark like trendy late stage pre-ipo companies for 10+
               | years are or are close (especially if we define
               | multimillionaire as >2m networth including 401k and house
               | equity, and include household wealth for married
               | couples).
               | 
               | My other comment you linked I still stand by. But you
               | don't need to be IC6/L6/E6, refreshers and equity
               | appreciation are very powerful if you are lucky enough to
               | get both.
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | What company uses the scale in this comment? (IC5 IC6 IC7
               | etc)
        
               | Zanneth wrote:
               | At least Apple does. I'm not sure if other companies use
               | it as well.
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | It's not the Apple scale though. I mean, it looks like
               | it, but the details are different.
        
               | refurb wrote:
               | Definite humblebrag here.
        
             | mrgordon wrote:
             | Maybe you should check what some of their houses are worth
             | lol
        
               | WalterGR wrote:
               | The people I know in tech in the Bay Area rent. It's
               | their parents, who bought their properties in the 1980s
               | or before, who are the land-owners.
               | 
               | That said, I'd definitely be interested to see actual
               | statistics about own vs. rent for people in tech in the
               | Bay.
        
             | katbyte wrote:
             | If your talented and fail at starting your own company it
             | won't be very hard to find a job in sv
        
             | notsureaboutpg wrote:
             | If you get an entry level TC of 140k and save 50% of it,
             | you'll be a millionaire in 15 years.
             | 
             | That's without any kind of growth, investment, stock
             | options growing in value, raises, etc.
        
               | WalterGR wrote:
               | And if you make $65,000 a year and save 100% of it,
               | you'll be a millionaire in 15 years.
               | 
               | Nobody is arguing that it's _possible_.
        
               | WalterGR wrote:
               | Whoops, missed a word. I meant not possible.
        
           | dang wrote:
           | I don't think that's the primary reason, nor as common as you
           | imply. The old saw about how SV is a place where failure
           | isn't disrespected is closer to the truth.
        
           | shinkim0914 wrote:
           | Why doesn't that happen elsewhere?
        
       | helen___keller wrote:
       | There are countless takes on this, but I'll add one more: Silicon
       | Valley's failure is in being unable to diversify effectively from
       | a failure in city-building.
       | 
       | For a good stretch, the bay area was the place to be. Lots of
       | people wanted to be there, whether or not they were engineers.
       | The cost of living made these ambitions completely unreasonable,
       | except for the well compensated engineers.
       | 
       | Monoculturalism is a failure to diversify, and it stems from an
       | inability to build an effective dense urban region. The bay area
       | could have had human AND financial capital rivaling NYC, a
       | megapolis perhaps in league with Tokyo, but this failed to
       | materialize so instead the region will likely go the way of
       | Detroit: rising and falling in step with the industry it's built
       | around.
        
         | tjr225 wrote:
         | People have been saying SV will be the next Detroit on HN for
         | the past 5 years.
         | 
         | I think this might be more of a wish than based in any sort of
         | reality. Perhaps if it _does_ go the way of Detroit then I can
         | afford to move there!
        
           | helen___keller wrote:
           | To be clear, my position on "next Detroit" is
           | 
           | > rising and falling in step with the industry it's built
           | around
           | 
           | The tech industry is definitely still rising
        
             | novok wrote:
             | It might definitely be leaving, giving the same result.
        
         | Lammy wrote:
         | > Silicon Valley's failure is in being unable to diversify
         | effectively from a failure in city-building.
         | 
         | What if it's the other way around? Public school didn't teach
         | me about the Second Great Migration of black Americans westward
         | during and after World War 2, and I was unaware that there was
         | basically zero black population here until then. Check out the
         | first graph in particular in this article:
         | https://belonging.berkeley.edu/racial-segregation-san-franci...
         | 
         | It's impossible for me to ignore the time correlation between
         | these demographic changes, the civil rights movement, and the
         | birth of California's various anti-housing policies like Prop
         | 13. All the houses in my area of San Francisco had racial deed
         | covenants making it illegal to sell them to non-whites, and
         | this was new construction in the 1940s and '50s! That obviously
         | became illegal in the 1960s so segregation became economic,
         | locking in existing segregation by pricing out newcomers and
         | letting existing residents pass homes to their kids down with
         | no tax reassessment:
         | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/OEHRENWBSHNO
        
           | rcpt wrote:
           | Prop 13 is the root of the issue. It's had an awful effect on
           | minorities and is probably illegal as "disparate impact"
           | under the Fair Housing Act. This paper makes it clear:
           | 
           | https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3012949
           | 
           | I don't know if it's wise to pursue this under Trump's
           | supreme court though
        
         | kory wrote:
         | I think a big challenge here is single family housing with a
         | yard is by far the most desirable housing in the US.
         | 
         | I doubt folks would accept a significantly more dense living if
         | they were the engineers of tomorrow. They'd expect the single
         | family home and yard for their work.
         | 
         | Where in the USA is this not a challenge? Single family zoning
         | is everywhere and existing residents in most American cities
         | have little reason to want that to change.
        
           | Ericson2314 wrote:
           | I don't think this is all democratic will. The legal and
           | government structures we have that enable the NIMBYism
           | undermine democracy. Yes, single family homes are the greater
           | meme, but I'm convinced if we actually built the density we
           | need (building and public transit) it would be prosperous and
           | people wouldn't flee it.
           | 
           | Simply put, the fact that prices go up in densest parts of SF
           | and NYC basically confirms that there's people that enough
           | people want real cities to bootstrap the process.
        
           | novok wrote:
           | Many engineers of today and tomorrow would much prefer a
           | large apartment in tokyo with SF weather than droll american
           | suburbia and the worst of all worlds that is american city
           | life with bad transit, choking car life and a lack of safety
           | and hygiene due to a failure of public institutions.
           | 
           | Millenials have show a preference for good cities, %50+ of SV
           | engineers are immigrants from all over the world. A truely
           | urban SV would be amazing.
        
       | spoonjim wrote:
       | It honestly doesn't really matter to the world if "Silicon
       | Valley" moves to another or multiple other locations. What's far
       | more important is, "does the ever-accelerating dominance of a
       | small number of companies show any signs of weakness?" and this
       | article doesn't seem to think so.
        
         | laurent92 wrote:
         | It may seem unfair. However, population increases (fast,
         | actually), so hierarchical structures grow in size, and
         | concentration as well.
         | 
         | A CEO of a large company in 1980 would be considered a small
         | CEO in 2020. There are more employees everywhere and
         | necessarily more layers of management (and the same goes for
         | the startup/VC ecosystem, and the same goes for democratic
         | structures which require more stringent rule so everyone lives
         | on the same planet). Concentration is more a side-effect of
         | population than any other trend.
        
       | simonebrunozzi wrote:
       | I have been a long time fan of Tim O'Reilly for the past ~20
       | years or so. Recently I had the opportunity to interview him [0]
       | for a podcast/videocast I run, in which we covered his friendship
       | and work with Frank Herbert, the author of Dune, how the O'Reilly
       | Media company came to be; but most importantly, Tim's "political"
       | involvement in keeping the internet free and open.
       | 
       | In particular, I really like his way of looking at good startups
       | and good companies: the ones that don't simply intercept or
       | capture value, but that instead create it.
       | 
       | [0]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9AgeutcMbC4
        
       | Haarisgrey wrote:
       | Of course we got people like this!. I smoke and I've been a
       | smoker for years. Most of the time I am surrounded by people who
       | do not smoke at all. Doesn't amaze me. I have some close friends,
       | we hangout together international;y and vacation parties but they
       | both have never smoked weed and I am a regular smoker and this
       | thing doesn't affect our friendship at all. It's not about
       | something being legal or illegal. If a thing is facilitating you
       | either way it is totally okay for the other person to use it. I
       | started using it for my chronic pain and eventually ended up like
       | this. https://www.weedmarket420.us/ Being a marijuana enthusiast
       | I keep on researching for good material and here I came across 5
       | new researches! Have a good day!
        
       | sradman wrote:
       | At the heart of progressive thought is concern over the twin
       | evils of oppression and exploitation. O'Reilly's piece focuses on
       | the latter but relies on the assumption that
       | profit==exploitation. I'm not convinced it is that simple.
       | 
       | I wish I could have had a chat with Milton about the Friedman
       | doctrine [1]. I want to give him the benefit of the doubt. From
       | my perspective, shareholder value is a relatively easy measure
       | that acts as a proxy for the true goal of a corporation: creating
       | sustainable customer value.
       | 
       | Within the context of his original article, Friedman was arguing
       | that customers, employees, and shareholders could choose to give
       | to charity, for instance, but it is wrong for a corporation to do
       | it on their behalf. The concept is not intuitive but it is far
       | from promoting selfishness.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedman_doctrine
        
       | baby wrote:
       | I'm one of them. Left San Francisco due to the shitty weather,
       | high crime, high rent, not much to do there, everybody is
       | absorbed by their work, etc.
       | 
       | I've been travelling and I'm currently wondering if I should come
       | back or not...
        
         | randomsearch wrote:
         | This is a genuine question: have the tech companies done much
         | to help out with the homelessness and crime rate? For example,
         | through funding homeless shelters?
         | 
         | I ask because I thought SF wasn't a very nice city, due to the
         | large scale of homelessness. Seeing how much money there was, I
         | wondered why tech companies didn't just throw money at the
         | problem so that they'd have a nicer environment to live in.
         | 
         | I know that homelessness is a multifaceted problem, but
         | (especially in the states) high housing costs and lack of
         | public services are major, solvable, factors.
         | 
         | In my home city in the U.K. we have a major homelessness
         | problem, but we don't have the wealth to do much about it.
         | Looking at SF it's not clear that generating wealth helps. And
         | my overriding impression of Americans is that they're far more
         | generous with their cash than the English.
        
           | maccaw wrote:
           | Yes, they threw a huge amount of money at the problem.
           | 
           | https://rsmus.com/what-we-do/services/tax/state-and-local-
           | ta...
        
         | axaxs wrote:
         | I can't figure it out. I'm fairly well travelled in the world,
         | and San Francisco is my least favorite of any city I've ever
         | encountered.
         | 
         | But some tell me I just don't understand, which, in fairness,
         | is also a true statement.
        
           | jjav wrote:
           | But San Francisco isn't Silicon Valley. For most of the
           | history of Silicon Valley, SF wasn't any part of it. It is
           | only in the last decade (roughly) that a handful of high
           | profile companies have established in SF, so arguably,
           | perhaps, SF is today part of Silicon Valley.
           | 
           | Even today, none of FANG is HQ'd in San Francisco.
        
             | baby wrote:
             | That feels unfair, they can't be HQ'ed in SF because
             | there's no space for an HQ.
        
         | qqqwerty wrote:
         | Perhaps you are part of the problem? Maybe leaving would be
         | best for both you and SF.
         | 
         | I was born and raised in the area, and have watched as friends
         | and family are forced out due to rising costs. These are folks
         | who legitimately loved the area and were actively involved in
         | their communities. And they get replaced by people who seem to
         | only care about big paychecks and spend more time complaining
         | about the area than actually doing anything to improve it.
         | 
         | The rise in remote work due to COVID seems like a perfect
         | opportunity to correct this misalignment. For those that don't
         | like it here, I think everyone would be better off if you moved
         | to somewhere that suits you better. And as a bonus you can take
         | your big paycheck with you. I don't mean to offend, it just
         | gets a little old seeing people complain about a place when
         | they are perfectly capable of leaving.
        
           | baby wrote:
           | I'm totally part of the problem! I actually had that theory
           | that most people in SF are just temporarily here to get as
           | much money as possible before leaving. Knowing that why would
           | they try to improve anything? To improve homelessness you
           | need both a national effort and a local effort. Both are
           | embarrassingly small compared to the seriousness of the
           | crisis.
        
           | astrange wrote:
           | People are not leaving SF because tech employees are coming
           | in. If nobody moved in, the economy would just get worse,
           | housing wouldn't get any more available.
           | 
           | The problem is that your parents go to every community
           | meeting and get all the housing projects shut down to prevent
           | "greedy developers". That's been happening consistently since
           | the 70s.
        
             | Nimitz14 wrote:
             | Housing is cheaper when the economy is worse. See Berlin.
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | That's not sustainable, you're just living on scraps
               | because a lot of other people have made bad decisions in
               | your favor. They're not going to keep investing after
               | that, and of course it's bad for the people who moved out
               | - this is a cause of gentrification.
               | 
               | Tokyo, Vienna, Singapore are examples of cities with good
               | housing policies. Although for Vienna's to get started
               | all the landlords had to die in WW1, and then the
               | planners died in WW2.
        
             | qqqwerty wrote:
             | > People are not leaving SF because tech employees are
             | coming in
             | 
             | I didn't say that. I literally said they are "forced out
             | due to rising costs".
             | 
             | I am all for tech workers moving to the bay area if it
             | suits them. What I don't like, is tech workers who show up
             | and then just complain about how much they hate it here. If
             | you don't like it here, either leave or get involved with
             | your community and help us fix things (including YIMBY,
             | which all of my friends and family support, for the
             | record).
        
               | baby wrote:
               | One day you too will move somewhere else, and realize
               | that either you love it or that it's pretty bad and...
               | think "why should I try to improve this place when I can
               | just move elsewhere?"
        
             | emptysongglass wrote:
             | It's not SF but I did leave Seattle because of tech
             | employees coming in. They destroyed my beloved city of
             | excellent, cheap music played out of our parents' basements
             | and in any of the bars on Capitol Hill and replaced it with
             | shining citadels of emptiness. Seattle was a bright little
             | miracle before Amazon set itself down right in the middle
             | and disgorged its peoples flown in from far and wide.
             | 
             | The knock-on effects of Amazon moving in included a flurry
             | of real estate speculation which directly led to the
             | closing of a restaurant that had been continuously
             | operating for over a decade and close family losing their
             | job there they had worked since its beginning.
             | 
             | I firmly lay the blame of this wanton appropriation at the
             | hands of the tech companies. Amazon didn't need to move
             | directly into the heart of Seattle: they could have done as
             | Microsoft and moved next door to Redmond. But hey, eff the
             | residents who grew up there, right?
             | 
             | I have a great little story of a waiter who had lived in
             | his apartment in the Belltown neighborhood for many years:
             | somebody had come in to look at apartments for all the new
             | tech hires. Person is getting the tour of a unit, pauses to
             | look around at all the _other_ units,  "Great, we'll take
             | it!" _It_ was every unit in the building including the
             | occupied. Waiter got the boot.
             | 
             | Seattle had and continues to hold onto the cultural evil of
             | the "Seattle Freeze" but I sure do miss the music and to
             | hear the punky cries of Alice Glass: _" Down, down, cities
             | fall down on me."_
        
         | pottertheotter wrote:
         | There's a lot more to Silicon Valley than San Francisco. It's
         | just as expensive with a lot of people absorbed in their work,
         | but does away with the bad weather and crime.
         | 
         | I've never understood why so many tech companies over the last
         | decade went up to SF. Before that most were down the peninsula
         | and in San Jose. I'd pick the lower peninsula over SF no
         | question.
        
           | mrgordon wrote:
           | Because the younger talent they're trying to attract prefers
           | a lively city to the suburban sprawl with good schools
        
             | slimsag wrote:
             | The younger talent they are trying to recruit prefers a
             | lively city with broad culture and opportunities, which
             | exist in many places outside of SV - and in different forms
             | than just the tech mono-culture that SF is today.
        
           | opportune wrote:
           | The South Bay is either boring or very expensive. SF still
           | feels very genuine and has a lot more going on compared to
           | Sunnyvale. Not to say there is no reason to live there, but
           | it seems to mostly attract families who like suburban living
        
             | astrange wrote:
             | South Bay has much better restaurants than most suburbs, if
             | you like food, and it's not hard to get out to nature.
             | Weather's better than SF and it's a lot cleaner. But if you
             | want nightlife there isn't any, no.
        
           | ulfw wrote:
           | There is even less to do there.
           | 
           | If you like office parks upon office parks and parking lots
           | then yea sure... go to Sunnyvale or Santa Clara etc...
        
           | baby wrote:
           | Everything else is pretty dead imo, for people in their 20-30
           | who prefer a city vibe SF is sort of the only solution here.
        
       | davmar wrote:
       | LOL @ rabois being a harbinger of things to come.
        
       | networkimprov wrote:
       | This overlooks the cybercrime crisis, which in 2020 did ~4x more
       | financial damage than weather & climate disasters. And it's
       | expected to get much worse this year.
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/mnmnotmail/status/1372201054213787660
       | 
       | Silicon Valley probably has a role to play in suppressing
       | cybercrime.
       | 
       | References:
       | 
       | Cybercrime, $945B:
       | https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/12/07/cybersecu...
       | 
       | Climate, $258B: https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2021/01/world-
       | hammered-by...
        
         | rahimnathwani wrote:
         | Comparing these two numbers doesn't make sense, because:
         | 
         | 1) Cybercrime activity has an immediate impact, whereas the
         | impact of climate-changing activity will be felt for many
         | years, and
         | 
         | 2) The impact of climate-changing activity results in actual
         | destruction of value, whereas cybercrime results in only the
         | transfer of value (from the victims to the perpetrators).
         | 
         | Of course, the threat of cybercrime results in other value-
         | destroying activity, like the effort spent on cybersecurity
         | ($200B/year according to Statista).
        
           | PeterisP wrote:
           | Cybercrime generally results in actual destruction of value,
           | as even for pure ransomware attacks where a ransom is paid,
           | the losses to businesses and recovery costs are on the same
           | scale as the ransom itself, and of course there are cases
           | like the NotPetya attack, which caused billions of damages
           | and did not even have a working mechanism to extract money
           | from victims, it was purely destructive.
        
           | vnorilo wrote:
           | While I agree with the overall sentiment, crime is usually
           | negative sum: the perpetrator gains less than the victim
           | lost, thus some value is destroyed even before security
           | spending.
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | That seems astonishing and hard to believe; the WaPo is
         | paywalled, where are they getting that number from? Is it by
         | any chance an organization trying to sell cybercrime solutions?
         | 
         | SV has probably had just as much a role in enabling cybercrime
         | as fighting it.
        
           | sva_ wrote:
           | > The projection of $945 billion in losses, from a new report
           | out today[0] from the Center for Strategic and International
           | Studies and computer security company McAfee, is almost
           | double the monetary loss from cybercrime than the $500
           | billion in 2018.
           | 
           | McAfee's report "The Hidden Costs of Cybercrime"[0] seems to
           | be the source.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-
           | us/assets/reports/rp-hi...
        
           | networkimprov wrote:
           | I can read the WaPo article in a private/incognito browser
           | window.
           | 
           | The IETF in particular has had a huge role in facilitating
           | phishing via SMTP.
        
         | logicchains wrote:
         | The difference is that cybercrime is self-solving: when
         | companies start losing enough to really impact their bottom
         | line, they'll finally have incentive to invest more in proper
         | cybersecurity. Whereas with climate, any thing a single company
         | or individual does has absolutely minimal impact on reducing
         | their risks unless everyone else does it too. Most cybercrime
         | isn't a result of really really clever cybercriminals, it's a
         | result of really really poor security practices, a solveable
         | problem.
        
           | raverbashing wrote:
           | Cybercrime will be properly addressed when companies realize:
           | 1) it's not just a matter of insurance, "ticking boxes" and
           | "buying solutions" and 2) law enforcement actually
           | investigates and prosecutes those involved (even if it
           | involves international action)
        
           | helge9210 wrote:
           | > The difference is that cybercrime is self-solving: when
           | companies start losing enough to really impact their bottom
           | line, they'll finally have incentive to invest more in proper
           | cybersecurity.
           | 
           | Let's drop "cyber" for a second.
           | 
           | Suppose some (potentially, foreign state sponsored) actor
           | starts to physically attack/kidnap company employees in
           | company's home country that is starts to affect the bottom
           | line. No one would say "They have to start investing more
           | into security". It would be normal for the company to totally
           | offload the problem on the home state.
           | 
           | Now, getting back to "cybersecurity": why company is supposed
           | to handle it instead of offloading the problem on the state?
        
             | lanternfish wrote:
             | You're still supposed to put locks on your doors even
             | though it's the police's 'job' to prevent property crime.
             | 
             | Moreover, I don't think many tech companies want to give
             | the state the access required to impliment preventative
             | security measures for them, they'd rather role them
             | themselves to maintain control.
        
               | helge9210 wrote:
               | > You're still supposed to put locks on your doors
               | 
               | Locks are for honest people.
               | 
               | > to impliment preventative security measures for them
               | 
               | That's not a job of the state. The job of the state is to
               | punish (cyber)criminals. And it's not the harshness of
               | the punishment that matters, it's the inevitability.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | > Locks are for honest people.
               | 
               | That's a great slogan. But-- your (cyber)security stance
               | obviously affects your risk. There are things you can do
               | with business model, stance, and organizational controls
               | that absolutely affect your exposure to both cybercrime
               | and real-world crime. Your home state can absolutely
               | provide help in your strategy against (cyber)crime, but
               | surely we also should probably avoid getting blackout
               | drunk and flashing large sums of cash around dense urban
               | cores, too.
        
             | chadash wrote:
             | I don't believe this is true. Wealthy companies that do
             | business in dangerous countries tend to pay quite a bit for
             | security of key employees. If you are a white collar worker
             | of MegaCorp Oil traveling to Iraq for business, you will be
             | provided with security. If you are a local Iraqi working in
             | the oil fields, you can probably expect less security,
             | precisely because your loss won't affect the bottom line.
             | But even so, private security is common in many factories
             | and other company facilities, even in the US. Pretty much
             | every skyscraper in NYC has security employees even though
             | you can call the police there. If New York became more
             | dangerous, I assure you security budgets would go up
        
               | patja wrote:
               | This reminds me that there is a fascinating Econtalk
               | podcast episode on the subject of how the kidnapping
               | insurance market works. Companies who have employees
               | working in parts of the world where they are at risk of
               | kidnapping for ransom have access to insurance against
               | this risk.
               | 
               | Two of the things that struck me about this market are
               | (a) the insurance companies require their customers to
               | get serious about mitigating the risk. Employees all have
               | to attend training on how to avoid kidnapping and what to
               | do when it happens, the insurance customer has to take
               | other measures to limit where they go, the customer has
               | to beef up physical security, etc. And there are some
               | situations they refuse to insure, so that's a big red
               | flag. The insurance company becomes a partner in doing
               | everything they can to prevent kidnappings. and (b)
               | customers are sworn to secrecy and may not reveal that
               | they have this insurance. Employees don't know they are
               | insured against kidnapping. They don't want kidnapped
               | employees spilling the beans.
               | 
               | The insurers have local negotiators in their employ who
               | often have longstanding relationships with the
               | kidnappers.
               | 
               | Anyways, a bit tangential, but I learned a lot about this
               | niche industry, and it gave me more of an appreciation
               | for how insurers can raise the professionalism of their
               | customers in their efforts to minimize risks. A similar
               | approach with the benefit of setting standards could
               | definitely apply to cybercrime insurance.
               | 
               | https://www.econtalk.org/anja-shortland-on-kidnap/
        
               | helge9210 wrote:
               | You're right, that's why I deliberately limited the scope
               | of the argument to "home country".
        
           | networkimprov wrote:
           | Cybercrime vs cybersecurity is an arms race, and arms race
           | scenarios are not necessarily resolvable.
        
             | tatersolid wrote:
             | > arms race scenarios are not necessarily resolvable.
             | 
             | Usually they are resolved when one or more of the racers
             | goes bankrupt. See the Soviet Union.
        
           | nostrademons wrote:
           | Climate is self-solving too, just not in a way that humanity
           | should welcome. When the climate becomes inhospitable enough,
           | lots of humans will die. When humans die, they stop producing
           | carbon emissions (well, technically a bit _after_ they die,
           | since they still need to decompose). Eventually the planet
           | reaches a new equilibrium with fewer humans and higher
           | temperatures.
           | 
           | Humanity has a self-preservation instinct in not letting that
           | happen, just as corporations have a self-preservation
           | instinct for not losing all their money to cybercrime. But
           | one advantage corporations have is that they can generally
           | act as one body, while getting all of humanity to agree on
           | something is usually not possible until it's too late.
        
         | gonzo41 wrote:
         | Climate should be considered worse, the 250B will go up. and
         | the lost oppotunity cost isn't factored. Crime will always be
         | with us. right now we are in the wild west stage of the
         | internet (still) but give it 20-30 years and everything will be
         | better. The crime will be more complex. But the climate will
         | just keep getting worse.
        
       | m0llusk wrote:
       | Just a quick review of the four main points based on my own
       | experience and also reworded hopefully respectfully:
       | 
       | 1. Consumer internet founders are not great at life sciences
       | 
       | This is a distraction. Most of the money in internet has been
       | with automating or supporting business operations for medium to
       | large sized businesses. Life science tech brings unique
       | challenges which is why so many life science tech companies are
       | based in the valley or have offices here. Just to pick out one
       | example the highest resolution ultrasound machines made come from
       | a company based in the valley. This statement appears to be based
       | more on the distracting powers of social media and consumer tech.
       | 
       | 2. Internet regulation is upon us
       | 
       | This is good thing because regulations give consumers confidence
       | in the reliability and safety of new technologies. Even the most
       | care free developers do not expect that the current order of
       | things will endure.
       | 
       | 3. Climate response is capital intensive
       | 
       | This is a distraction from the fact that the most promising
       | technologies for addressing climate response are extremely well
       | represented in the valley. Analysis of orbital and aerial sensor
       | data, automated sensors, control systems for solar and wind
       | generation, modernized electrical grid support systems, and more
       | were all led in part by companies in the valley. More to the
       | point all of these technologies were initially developed by small
       | companies for small applications. Real progress with climate
       | response is likely to involve some big projects, but these
       | projects will be successful because they are based on much
       | smaller works.
       | 
       | 4. The end of the betting economy
       | 
       | Economies are based on bets and consist of bets, as is said, all
       | the way down. The difference is that the terms are changing.
       | Instead of throwing money at pets.com or Facebook plugins or
       | cryptocoin wallets founders are going to have to be more careful
       | and sparing of resources. This is actually a good thing and is
       | likely to at least in part lead to a return to business success
       | competing with hype for available capital. The situation now is
       | that investors can outspend customers in any sector so the
       | venture capital space has become disconnected from genuine
       | business success. Squeezing the slop out of the system should be
       | good for everyone.
       | 
       | The analogy that comes to mind is being told that the future is
       | being researched and started at universities and then concluding
       | that frat parties do not yield meaningful tech progress, frat
       | parties are consistently targeted for regulation, frat parties do
       | not address social issues, therefore universities are not
       | actually likely to host research and development that shapes the
       | future. And yes, in this example the current giants in the valley
       | are what amounts to a loud frat party.
        
       | armatav wrote:
       | Nope.
        
       | cblconfederate wrote:
       | > The generosity of open source software and the World Wide Web,
       | the genius of algorithmically amplified collective intelligence
       | are still there
       | 
       | Is it? I think it's dying with the generation that believed in
       | that culture. What are the collective intelligence projects
       | created by young inventors?
       | 
       | Even this article is written by someone who is of an older
       | generation
        
         | DaedPsyker wrote:
         | There are sv open projects but many are extentions of some
         | company effort, i.e pytorch/Facebook, tensorflow/Google.
         | 
         | Much of the traditional spirit of open source seems to be
         | coming from Europe and South America.
        
           | lansdale10 wrote:
           | The spirit is still there outside the USA, but especially
           | developers from Europe catch on to the fact that their free
           | labor is exploited by U.S. Foundation and Council members,
           | who build their careers on the work of others.
           | 
           | This is not "ideological flamewar", it is a _fact_ that
           | international contributions are monetized and governed in
           | America.
        
       | [deleted]
        
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