[HN Gopher] My self-study plan for electrical engineering
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       My self-study plan for electrical engineering
        
       Author : bucket2015
       Score  : 83 points
       Date   : 2021-03-20 20:00 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (i-kh.net)
 (TXT) w3m dump (i-kh.net)
        
       | WillSlim95 wrote:
       | I have some recommendations for you as an EE graduate, you can
       | club Digital Circuits and Systems, Embedded Systems and Digital
       | Hardware with one book in one continuous course with
       | 
       | the book Digital Design and Computer Architecture by Harris and
       | Harris (A RISC V Edition will release soon in 2-3 months, buy
       | that one)
       | 
       | For Electronic circuits choose Microelectronics by Behzad Razavi.
       | Instead of Purcell go for "Engineering Electromagnetics with
       | Ida", it is more intuitive.
       | 
       | And th first book you should start with is "Foundations of Analog
       | and Digital Electronic Circuits"
       | 
       | Then you go for DDCA and Ida in parallel.
       | 
       | The list does give me head scrather, this is too broad to be ever
       | accomplished. My recommendation to redo the list is first find
       | out what piques your interest in EE, Digital hardware, analog
       | hardware or control systems or embedded systems and try to have a
       | self study focus in that concentration.
       | 
       | The way I see it with this plan you are setting yourself up for
       | failure.
       | 
       | Edit:Removed the ditching recommendation as I see it relevant to
       | OP's goals.
        
         | madengr wrote:
         | Why is it to broad to be accomplished? It seems to cover your
         | typical BSEE, and you need an exposure to all of it.
         | 
         | Razavis RFIC is a good one too, but that's really getting too
         | specialized. Pozar is good for undergrad microwave.
        
           | kelnos wrote:
           | I think it's a bit of a pessimistic take, to be sure, but I
           | do agree that most people will not make it through this in a
           | self-directed manner. Sure, some may, and I wish the OP the
           | best and hope it all works out, but it's hard for most people
           | to tackle much simpler, straightforward topics in a self-
           | learning environment.
           | 
           | In this case, though, I think OP's approach to this shows
           | that they're serious about keeping with it, which is really
           | cool to see.
        
         | bucket2015 wrote:
         | These are awesome recommendations - thanks!
        
       | fsociety wrote:
       | In phase 2 for analog circuits and DSP you should brush up on
       | discrete math, calculus, and most importantly learn Laplace
       | transforms . That's the only thing I see missing.
        
         | bucket2015 wrote:
         | OP here. Nice, thanks! I didn't put math down because my
         | undergrad was in applied math and I got to use it a lot early
         | in my career. But sounds like I'll definitely need a refresher.
        
       | dasb wrote:
       | I've wanted to do the same for a while now, but I'm unable to
       | find a curriculum that lists the textbook for each subject.
       | 
       | It looks like the article author is just "guessing" textbooks.
       | I'm browsing the U. Waterloo curriculum and it doesn't specify
       | any books.
       | 
       | The article is still useful, don't get me wrong, but I would love
       | to see a list of the textbooks that are actually used at a
       | university program. I've Googled it many times and I only find
       | the names of the courses.
        
         | bucket2015 wrote:
         | About 1/2 of the textbooks came from the old course outlines
         | (e.g. https://ece.uwaterloo.ca/~ece207/) and class shopping
         | lists on UWaterloo book store. About 1/4 were guesses, and the
         | other 1/4 I don't know where to even start looking.
         | 
         | The higher the course the lower the confidence of having the
         | right book.
        
       | human4fter4ll wrote:
       | for anyone thats interested: OSSU
       | 
       | Open Source Society University
       | 
       | Path to a free self-taught education in Computer Science
       | https://github.com/ossu/computer-science also bioinformatics and
       | data-science
        
       | ivan_ah wrote:
       | @Iouri I have two links for you that might help you on your quest
       | to learn EE:
       | 
       | 1/ A complete set of tutorials on computational neuroscience as
       | Jupyter notebooks: https://github.com/NeuromatchAcademy/course-
       | content/tree/mas... This is the material from last year; I think
       | they will be running a summer school again this year so you might
       | be able to join and learn as part of a group.
       | 
       | 2/ If you need a review of linear algebra, you can check out my
       | book No Bullshit Guide to Linear Algebra. In particular the
       | Applications chapter contains a summary of everything I used most
       | often from back in my EE days (Fourier transforms, circuits,
       | least-squares, etc.) See a preview of the book here:
       | https://minireference.com/static/excerpts/noBSLA_v2_preview....
       | (note it's not a free book, but not expensive either)
        
       | femto wrote:
       | > Digital Control Systems. Do I need this?
       | 
       | Yes, you do.
       | 
       | "Control" is another name for "optimisation" or "systems with
       | feedback".
       | 
       | It is the theory covering _any_ system that has a closed loop in
       | it. Optimisation is a mindbogglingly broad field with application
       | to nearly everything in the physical world. Other branches of
       | engineering, science and maths study this area but give it their
       | own name.
       | 
       | Examples of systems with cycles:
       | 
       | * _Any_ system that does optimisation: Deep learning, adaptive
       | systems, ...
       | 
       | * Error control decoders in digital communications systems.
       | 
       | * The majority of non-trivial circuits.
       | 
       | * Pretty well every circuit operating at high frequencies.
       | 
       | * Echo cancellers in telecoms.
       | 
       | * Computer networks (eg. TCP congestion control)
       | 
       | * Systems of chemical reactions
       | 
       | * The brain (your area of interest) is a seething mass of
       | feedback paths.
       | 
       | Optimisation (a.k.a. Control Theory) and Information Theory (some
       | of which is covered under the name Communications Theory) are
       | fundamentals. "Digital" in their title doesn't mean they have
       | narrow application, as Information Theory (Shannon, ...) treats
       | everything, including analogue, in terms of bits.
       | 
       | Given your background in maths, one of the first things you
       | should do is to try to construct a "Rozetta Stone" to relate a
       | complete list of Electrical Engineering topics back to what you
       | already know. For example, you will have already done a lot of
       | control theory, but have learned it as optimisation. Part of your
       | task is to recast your existing knowledge in terms of EE jargon,
       | identify the gaps, then fill them in. Unlike an undergraduate
       | you're not starting from the bottom.
        
       | sobriquet9 wrote:
       | Electrical engineering is very hands-on. Reading the textbooks
       | should not be #1 on your list. You do need a solid base, but once
       | you have it, you'll get more from building and testing circuits
       | than from reading more textbooks.
       | 
       | I recommend "The Art of Electronics" by Horowitz and Hill. It
       | strikes the right balance between theory and practice. You will
       | need to dig deeper in some theoretical areas later, but this will
       | give you a very good starting point.
        
       | spapas82 wrote:
       | I don't see any mathematics nor psychics books. During the first
       | two years of our 5 year ECE degree we mainly did theoretical
       | courses. Some examples: single variable analysis, multi variable
       | analysis, differential equations, arithmetic analysis, algebra,
       | mechanics, electronagnetism, waves.
       | 
       | All these were full semester courses. These courses were actually
       | needed if somebody wanted to properly understand the whole theory
       | of electrical engineering (signals, em transmission, antennas,
       | microwaves, optical fibers, theory of electronics, electrical
       | machines, electric power systems, etc).
       | 
       | Depending on which subject you want to focus on you may not need
       | all these mathematics and physics but your will definitely need
       | _some_ theoretic knowledge to actually understand it!
        
         | lnsru wrote:
         | This gentleman has an applied mathematics degree. So he lacks
         | only physics. To work on that brain computer interface this
         | gentleman needs basic chemistry and basic biology. For
         | interaction on that interface solid understanding of analog
         | electronics is needed. These topics aren't trivial, I wish good
         | look and strong motivation during this few year long journey.
        
       | cameronperot wrote:
       | I would suggest leveraging MIT's OpenCourseWare [1]. You can
       | filter for courses that have lecture videos, notes, etc. These
       | courses are usually very well organized and taught by some of the
       | best professors in the world.
       | 
       | [1] https://ocw.mit.edu/
        
       | kurthr wrote:
       | I didn't get a degree in EE although I've done quite a bit of it.
       | I really liked The Art of Electronics by Horowitz and Hill, which
       | has an associated lab book you could use for little projects. It
       | covers a lot of real world issues that are missing from the more
       | ideal academic books.
       | 
       | Also, I'd mention that the use of cgs in Purcell can be a bit
       | annoying as you move on (it's very physics based) since most
       | constants (permittivity, dielectrics, etc) are usually in mks
       | instead. Those are used in the EE books.
       | 
       | One thing you will definitely want to learn is SPICE for
       | simulation (any real job will probably be using Spectre or
       | something built into your tool set), and luckily there are quite
       | a few free ones. I'd recommend LTSpice for simple projects.
       | Similarly there are "free" tools for building and testing FPGAs
       | for the digital simulation side.
        
         | selimthegrim wrote:
         | There are newer versions of Purcell.
        
       | exmadscientist wrote:
       | Why push yourself through a degree-style path? So much of what
       | EEs learn in their coursework is of low utility. (I'm a physicist
       | who transitioned to working as an EE. I have never had a single
       | EE course, and yet I find myself with no obvious deficits
       | compared to my colleagues who have.)
       | 
       | There are two ways to learn an existing technical-ish subject:
       | you can spend a lot of time reading textbooks, then do some
       | projects (the "slow-fast" approach); or you can dive in to
       | projects and refer to textbooks when you get stuck (the "start-
       | stop" approach). In the slow-fast approach you will go slowly
       | through a lot of textbooks for a long time, and then in theory
       | you will be able to do projects very quickly once you are done.
       | In the start-stop approach you will start a project, quickly get
       | stuck and spend a while searching for and understanding the
       | answer, then go back to your project.
       | 
       | In my opinion electrical engineering, being a subject where fast
       | feedback is generally possible, is very well suited to project-
       | first learning. I would recommend grabbing a few textbooks
       | (Horowitz and Hill's _Art of Electronics_ holding pole position
       | for a practically-oriented learner, in my opinion), reading their
       | introductory material (table of contents, preface, etc.; enough
       | that you know what each book has in it), and then setting all the
       | books aside until you need them. Avoid books targeted at
       | "makers"; most are fine but a sizeable fraction are written by
       | people with no clue what they are doing, and they will actively
       | set you back. (It is very difficult to learn from an author who
       | does not themself understand the subject, and all the worse if
       | they do not _realize_ that they do not understand. Since there
       | are plenty of better sources out there, it 's little trouble to
       | just avoid the whole class.)
       | 
       | Trying to work on brain-computer interfaces is challenging
       | because it blends biology with electrical engineering. The
       | biology will naturally drive things, because you cannot really
       | control it like you can the electronics. So learning EE in this
       | context is about two things: 1) What can I do with circuits? and
       | 2) What do organisms behave like and respond to electrically?
       | Your project is then using your knowledge of circuits to solve
       | R&D problems relating to bioelectric signals.
       | 
       | This isn't easy (I think you know that), but the benefit is that
       | you can quit with "just" EE skills and still come out ahead.
        
         | zxexz wrote:
         | I can't recommend The Art of Electronics highly enough - it's
         | way more intuitive and informative than any other resource on
         | the subject I've found. It's exceptionally great when paired
         | with the self-paced lab manual Learning the Art of
         | Electronics[0].
         | 
         | [0] https://www.digikey.com/en/resources/edu/harvard-lab-kit
        
           | vvanders wrote:
           | I'll second this, despite the first version being written
           | over 40 years ago it's still one of the best books I've seen
           | on the subjects.
           | 
           | The more recent versions bring it up to date well, it's a
           | dense book but one I find myself coming back to more than any
           | other for the incredible depth of practical engineering
           | knowledge.
        
         | krapht wrote:
         | > (I'm a physicist who transitioned to working as an EE. I have
         | never had a single EE course, and yet I find myself with no
         | obvious deficits compared to my colleagues who have.)
         | 
         | Not to dunk on the rest of your reply, which I agree with, but
         | there is a humongous overlap between your typical undergraduate
         | physics and electrical engineering degree, and I think you're
         | able to be successful because they're so similar. Academically,
         | the required courses are mostly identical until your 3rd year
         | and if you choose an RF, microwave, or semiconductor physics
         | specialization it's just more of the same applied physics, so
         | it would make sense you would easily be able to pick up the
         | concepts necessary with experience.
        
         | OJFord wrote:
         | I think it's way more about what suits the learner than what
         | suits the subject.
         | 
         | I studied EE, and got on better with the the more theoretical
         | textbooks than I did practicals ('huh, ok.. why?!').
        
         | bucket2015 wrote:
         | That's a good point. The project-first approach worked very
         | well for me when learning new software frameworks/libs/etc.
         | 
         | My main concern with EE is that once I'll get to the brain-
         | computer interfaces, I'll be in a situation where there aren't
         | many off-the-shelf components/solutions available, and at the
         | same time I'll likely need to know how I can push physics
         | closer to the edge. I suspect I may need a better theoretical
         | foundation to do that.
         | 
         | That said, I definitely like the idea of focusing a lot on
         | hands-on projects.
        
         | someguydave wrote:
         | It definitely depends on what you want to do. If you really
         | want to design RF or analog circuits, having a mastery of
         | undergrad EE signals and systems courses would be helpful. But
         | if you only want to make digital logic work, you only need some
         | basic knowledge of circuitry.
         | 
         | EE is a vast field that encompasses everything from high power
         | transmission to designing semiconductors. Even full course work
         | from undergrad to PhD in EE is going to be fairly specialized.
         | 
         | All that being said, I agree that if you just want to learn how
         | to build a catalog of reasonably simple circuits, learning
         | academic EE is a waste of time.
        
       | phkahler wrote:
       | I would suggest a dive into neural networks from the bottom up.
       | Getting the electrical interface is the physical part. For a real
       | brain interface though it's probably going to look like NN at the
       | interface from a software point of view.
        
       | baybal2 wrote:
       | As somebody who got self-learned into electronics engineering on
       | the workplace, I'd say self-learning is the hard way.
       | 
       | I want to underscore the
       | e[?]n[?]g[?]i[?]n[?]e[?]e[?]r[?]i[?]n[?]g[?] in the electronics
       | engineering. Engineering everywhere is very hands on, and you
       | cannot be an "engineer in theory only" if you want to perform on
       | a job.
       | 
       | Learning from mistakes in a class setting is much easier, and
       | c[?]h[?]e[?]a[?]p[?]e[?]r[?] than casually failing a USD $1M
       | design in a very simply way, but a way not taught in any
       | textbook.
       | 
       | Not to disparage you, I know many people who were similarly
       | dragged into electronics engineering by necessity, and got to the
       | level of degreed engineers over many years.
       | 
       | But those guys had years, and years to perfect their skills in a
       | time when the industry was more forgiving, and was growing with
       | their skill.
       | 
       | I would say that today, nobody will hire a 18 year guy who was
       | just an electronics hobbyist to a factory, that was not the case
       | 12-10 years ago.
       | 
       | What I can say against modern electronics engineering education
       | is that excessive focus on producing "workplace ready" cadres
       | makes for worse workers past the basic level.
       | 
       | I know people who are quite adept with digital electronics, but
       | can't even understand how anything but textbook versions of SMPS
       | power supplies work because of universities thought that analog
       | circuits are now what people pay for. This the same for many more
       | fields in electronics.
       | 
       | I believe properly taught EE can figure out just anything with
       | the right approach, and time, and this attitude is the best what
       | education can give you, unlike mass produced engineers who say
       | "I'm a logic designer, not a power engineer!" and other lame
       | excuses.
        
       | Araldo wrote:
       | For Integrated Analog Electronics I'd suggest Design of "Analog
       | CMOS Integrated Circuits" by Razavi instead of "Analog Integrated
       | Circuit Design" by Carusone, Johns, Martin.
       | 
       | The plan looks quite complete, similar to the list of courses I
       | did in university. I remember I also did a power electronics
       | course which I didn't see in your list.
       | 
       | Fabrication of a chip is not really feasible to do at home. The
       | chemicals you might be able to get, but not the equipment.
        
       | tediousdemise wrote:
       | Electrical engineer turned software engineer, here. _The Art of
       | Electronics_ by Horowitz and Hill has a permanent place on my
       | desk. It is quite simply the bible of electronics engineering. It
       | is the EE analogue of the famed _Machinery's Handbook_.
       | 
       | I also recommend _Signals and Systems_ by Oppenheim for any
       | aspiring EE.
        
       | the_only_law wrote:
       | I thought about doing this a while back, but I quickly gave up. I
       | don't know if I'm just an idiot or something, but I quickly found
       | my self way out of my league unable to understand a lot of the
       | foundational theory and physics. I also picked up a handful of
       | textbooks in the particular domains I'm interested in (boy were
       | those expensive) and those were even worse, filled to the brim
       | with notation I'll never understand. Part of it is likely to my
       | extremely poor math education in fairness.
       | 
       | I'll add, I was somewhat surprised, given the explosion in MOOCs
       | over the past few years, to find very few courses equivalent to
       | introductory undergrad EE classes.
        
       | vsareto wrote:
       | >Once I'm done, then what? At the present, I don't have a clear
       | picture of how to transition from studying to working with brain-
       | computer interfaces.
       | 
       | Buy some BCIs and reverse engineer them, possibly. Maybe try to
       | improve them. You might want to reach out to the authors of the
       | papers you've been reading for advice. Neuralink put a BCI in a
       | pig so try figuring out how they did it, and maybe they'll give
       | you a job? Even Elon's pitch for recruitment during that
       | presentation was "we don't know much about the brain anyway", and
       | mostly just want you to have solved hard problems. There likely
       | won't be a straight-forward path since this stuff isn't
       | commercialized yet.
        
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