[HN Gopher] A call to improve London's lighting at night
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       A call to improve London's lighting at night
        
       Author : edward
       Score  : 76 points
       Date   : 2021-03-17 08:15 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.ianvisits.co.uk)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.ianvisits.co.uk)
        
       | lanevorockz wrote:
       | Are we advocating for ultra bright streets because some people
       | might be criminal. It's nice that we suddenly no longer treat
       | criminals like guilty but only society. Can't wait until US and
       | europe turn into third world countries.
        
       | Symbiote wrote:
       | > An example that has often struck me, mainly by not being struck
       | by them when walking around the City of London is how few
       | lampposts there are in the City. Have you ever noticed that
       | they're almost non-existent? That's because most of the street
       | lighting is mounted on the buildings.
       | 
       | That's one of the most significant differences between most parts
       | of most British cities, and many other European cities.
       | 
       | I doubt it will change, since it would require laying new wires
       | and (probably) getting permissions from building owners, but I
       | think the absence of street light poles makes a street look much
       | nicer. (But without a pole to lean the bags against, where would
       | Londoners leave their refuse on bin day?)
       | 
       | Even better than building-mounted lights are lights suspended
       | from wires strung between buildings, as in Copenhagen [1] (that
       | is unusually heavy rain, the photographer was "lucky").
       | 
       | [1] https://teemusphoto.com/copenhagen-street-photography/
        
         | dijit wrote:
         | The "hanging between buildings" style of lights is absolutely
         | trippy on a dark, windy evening while looking down a streat, it
         | looks like the power is going on/off.
         | 
         | I live in Malmo and they have the same way of mounting lights
         | for the streets in the inner city.
        
         | ClumsyPilot wrote:
         | Eh, i very much prefer fixed lampposts that aren't going
         | anywhere
        
       | jedimastert wrote:
       | I'm reminded of a Technology Connections video about what
       | happened when his town switched from incandescent to LED stop
       | lights <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GiYO1TObNz8>
       | 
       | Of course, while I was looking that up I found out he made a
       | video about sodium vapour lights!
       | <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wIC-iGDTU40>
        
       | te_chris wrote:
       | The ones they've installed in Islington are awful. The old orange
       | ones had a charm about them. The new ones are cold and harsh. I
       | don't understand why such a cool temp was picked.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | This is what I don't understand. Our phones have night modes
         | where it moves the color temp away from blues. The fact
         | seeminly knowbody in charge of exterior lighting has figured
         | out the same thing boggles me. Also, the abundance of cheap
         | nighlights that are "bright white" instead of a calming "warm"
         | as LEDs have taken to calling themselves.
        
           | mnw21cam wrote:
           | That bit is fairly easy to understand. Warm white (low colour
           | temperature) LEDs aren't as efficient (they don't produce as
           | bright a light for the same power input) as cold white (high
           | colour temperature) lights. So if they just go down the
           | options looking for the most efficient LED, that's what they
           | will choose.
        
           | Nextgrid wrote:
           | To be fair, phones do this to not interfere with your sleep
           | when you use it late.
           | 
           | When it comes to street lights, there's an argument to be
           | made that you _do_ want to interfere with /defer the sleep of
           | anyone who's walking/driving outside.
           | 
           | The problem of course is collateral damage to people's houses
           | where street lighting leaks into their windows, but assuming
           | this is mitigated, I think street lighting that intentionally
           | defers sleepiness is better.
        
             | pgalvin wrote:
             | The issue is such lighting (blue) also makes your night
             | vision far worse. They're actually much more dangerous and
             | have increased road traffic accidents where they have been
             | installed. Warmer lighting seems to be worse, as it does
             | not illuminate the target area as brightly, but it ensures
             | your eyes can see further outside of the target area.
             | 
             | White LED street lamp makes the road super clear, but
             | messes up your night vision. You don't see the pedestrian
             | about to step in the road, then you hit them. Could have
             | been averted with warmer, orange lights.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | Same goes for those cars with the bright white headlights
               | as well. they are absolutely blinding for on-coming
               | traffic
        
         | goatinaboat wrote:
         | _I don 't understand why such a cool temp was picked._
         | 
         | Same as most government decisions. Some combination of "it was
         | cheaper" and "I don't live there, it's for the plebs".
        
           | b3kart wrote:
           | I'd use the Hanlon's razor [1] here.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanlon%27s_razor
        
           | obitoo wrote:
           | Quite a few members of the government _do_ live in Islington
        
           | Symbiote wrote:
           | Islington is _the_ stereotypical place where MPs live /lived
           | in London.
           | 
           | Boris Johnson, Tony Blair, Jeremy Corbyn, Emily Thornberry,
           | Margaret Hodge ...
        
             | darrenf wrote:
             | To be fair:
             | 
             | * Corbyn has been an MP for Islington South since 1983
             | 
             | * Thornberry is MP for Islington North since 2005
             | 
             | * Margaret Hodge was on Islington council for 21 years
             | 
             | So I would say it's somewhat unfair to accuse it of being a
             | stereotypical choice for them. They live(d) amongst their
             | electorate.
        
               | Veen wrote:
               | Yes, but there in nevertheless a stereotypical "Islington
               | Set".
               | 
               | - https://the-politics.wikia.org/wiki/Islington_set
        
       | fergie wrote:
       | I actually quite like the gold/yellow light on "traditional"
       | British street lights. Not only is it arguably more "natural"
       | than whiter hued light, but I think it actually illuminates
       | better. I live in a city in another country that uses white
       | street lights, and I find the illumination to be a lot worse than
       | that of sodium lighting
        
         | elric wrote:
         | I'm quite fond of the orangey hue myself. Harsh white light is
         | awful. The contrast between the dark of night and white light
         | is too great and it messes up my vision (migraineur with stupid
         | light sensitivity issues).
         | 
         | I've recently encountered a couple of construction sites which
         | are illumunated by a particularly pleasant green hue at night.
         | That might be even better.
         | 
         | And while we're on the subject of street lights, can we
         | _please_ stop with all the light pollution?
        
         | rini17 wrote:
         | Same, but recently more and more streetlights are refurbished
         | with 2700K LEDs instead of 4000K and I like these much better.
        
         | flurdy wrote:
         | Oh god I hate the yellow lights. When I moved to the UK in the
         | 90s it took a while to realise what was "wrong" at night, then
         | I realised it was the street lights. Every colour and
         | definition disappeared, hard to spot the right car etc, and
         | late evening strolls was less enjoyable as everything was
         | blase. I am glad there are a lot fewer of them around now.
        
         | Shivetya wrote:
         | my little subdivision transitioned across a few years from the
         | orange type lamps to LED, I have commented on it a few times
         | here.
         | 
         | The primary effect is that its like having a near full moon
         | effect at all times of the night. Not looking directly at the
         | light reveals a landscape that is not harsh on the eyes but
         | never catch a lamp straight on.
         | 
         | Fortunately around me the birds caught on pretty quick at first
         | singing at odd hours until they sorted it out.
         | 
         | Overall its a benefit as it has opened up hours people can walk
         | the sidewalks and even in the street without worrying about
         | wildlife blundering into them
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | Street lights should be a balance between visibility, light
         | pollution, and night vision protection. As a tax payer I'd also
         | like them to think about efficiency, longevity.
         | 
         | A daylight colored bulbs are probably not doing our night
         | vision any favors (but then head lights have the same problem,
         | yes?). Going from a lit street onto a side street with few
         | lights is potentially a problem depending on the kind of street
         | lights.
        
           | throw0101a wrote:
           | > _A daylight colored bulbs are probably not doing our night
           | vision any favors_
           | 
           | More importantly, colour temperature >3200K screw up the
           | circadian rhythms of humans and animals:
           | 
           | * https://www.darksky.org/our-work/lighting/lighting-for-
           | indus...
           | 
           | * https://spectrum.ieee.org/green-tech/conservation/led-
           | street...
        
         | krtkush wrote:
         | I find white light depressing.
         | 
         | My home city has metro coaches with either yellow or white
         | lights. Me and a few friends of mine would skip the white ones
         | because we found the yellow ones more comforting. On the other
         | hand, my dad prefers white and in a room with types of lighting
         | he will always go for the white ones.
        
           | llampx wrote:
           | I like daylight bulbs as well, living in Germany they are a
           | lifesaver because it is cloudy all day and dark at 3-4PM in
           | the winter. However in the evening, around 8PM, I change over
           | to the yellow hued ones. Best of both worlds.
        
           | spijdar wrote:
           | I prefer natural white lights. I don't light rooms with them,
           | but the light that terrarium/vivarium bulbs made to mimic
           | sunlight give off is sublime IMO.
        
         | mtalantikite wrote:
         | Yeah I agree. NYC went full on LED a few years back and I hate
         | it. I have a lamppost right outside my apartment window and
         | previously the light didn't really bother me, now it's this
         | horrible cold LED that's super bright flooding into my living
         | room.
         | 
         | I get that they're cheaper to operate, but they throw shadows
         | differently and have more blue wavelengths in them (in nyc
         | they're 4000 kelvin last I looked). It personally feels much
         | less magical to me and 3-4 years in I still haven't really
         | gotten used to it.
        
           | adonovan wrote:
           | The new NYC lampposts also spread wide light cones, which is
           | good for road safety but means they intrude through house
           | windows. Astronomers have also complained about the lights
           | worsening the "seeing", which is already bad.
        
             | mtalantikite wrote:
             | Exactly, I wish they at least had some sort of shade on the
             | back towards the sidewalk that stopped it throwing that
             | much light back on the houses. Do we really need that much
             | light on a one way, residential street?
        
             | Starwatcher2001 wrote:
             | "Seeing" is actually about how steady the atmosphere is.
             | The old sodium lights emit in a narrow part of the spectrum
             | which can be mitigated against by using light pollution
             | filters. These allow all light through, except sodium
             | frequencies. Sadly, filters are ineffective against modern
             | LED lighting which emits across a lot of the spectrum.
        
             | jacobolus wrote:
             | It's actually garbage for road safety because bluer lamps
             | spaced so far apart creates less even lighting, blows out
             | everyone's night vision, causes distracting glare in
             | peripheral vision, and makes it impossible to see into the
             | shadows.
             | 
             | The ideal for road safety would be more uniform lighting
             | from a larger number of closer-spaced lamps, placed at
             | lower height, diffused, shielded from the sides, and
             | colored orange (and optionally uniformly dimmer).
             | 
             | It would also help road safety to ban the new bluer types
             | of car headlamps, which cause much worse glare than
             | previous yellower ones.
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | > which cause much worse glare than previous yellower
               | ones
               | 
               | The color has almost nothing to do with that. Newer
               | headlights are much brighter, and mostly use projectors
               | now. The increase in glare is mostly due to the
               | projectors, because they emit all their light from small
               | point. You'll notice that newer cars with halogen
               | projectors are almost as bad as one with HIDs.
               | 
               | It would be interesting to see how a headlight would look
               | if it were able to emit the same amount of light on the
               | road but from a rectangle spanning the entire front of
               | the car. Minimum glare, still effective.
        
               | jacobolus wrote:
               | > _color has almost nothing to do with that_
               | 
               | The color makes much of the difference. (What really
               | matters is the total intensity in the shorter-wavelength
               | part of the spectrum, so sure, making the lamps much
               | brighter and less diffused is also bad.)
               | 
               | Shorter wavelengths cause significantly more glare,
               | because the peripheral part of the human retina is packed
               | with rods and S cones. Intense light including shorter
               | wavelengths also causes the eyes to become bright-
               | adapted, making it harder to see in the dark.
               | 
               | The super-bright halogen headlamps emit much more blue
               | light than previous incandescent headlamps, and are
               | included alongside LED headlamps in my complaint here.
               | 
               | Bigger, much dimmer, more diffuse lamps would help, but
               | they should also be less blue. (And people should stop
               | mounting headlamps on their SUVs and pickup trucks at
               | other drivers' eye level and aiming them straight ahead.)
        
             | quickthrowman wrote:
             | I've seen exterior fixtures that have shielding options to
             | prevent light from being cast at houses, but it's an added
             | cost. We sometimes install them on commercial buildings
             | that abut residential areas to prevent light pollution into
             | neighboring homes.
        
           | Zamicol wrote:
           | Isn't 4000k far more "natural"? A full moon is 4000k.
        
             | chrisin2d wrote:
             | Not at that brightness. Moonlight is extremely dim.
        
             | canoebuilder wrote:
             | Moonlight for some hours of the month, never exceeding a
             | rather low intensity, a minuscule intensity compared to a
             | single led streetlight.
             | 
             | The night time lighting humans(and our non-human co-
             | inhabitants of earth) have evolved with and known for a
             | very longtime comes from fires of various types, flames
             | with a much warmer color temperature.
        
               | Godel_unicode wrote:
               | Humans have had fire at night on a regular basis for a
               | pretty short time, evolutionarily speaking. And that goes
               | double for what animals might have seen; actual fire is
               | so resource intensive that until a few hundred years ago
               | the vast majority of the night was lit only by the moon
               | and stars.
               | 
               | Also, intensity is orthogonal to color temperature.
        
               | samatman wrote:
               | Use of fire predates anatomically modern humans by some
               | hundreds of thousands of years.
               | 
               | Consider the spread of lactose tolerance, a recent (no
               | more than 10,000 years and perhaps less) mutation which
               | has spread to 35% of humanity in that time. We have had
               | plenty of time to co-evolve with fire, and doubtless, we
               | have done so.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | Well, we certainly didnt co-evolve to be fireproof in all
               | this time, so what adaptation to fire do you suggest we
               | did evolve?
               | 
               | Its probably to do with cooked food, not vision - which
               | is already co-evolved with the Sun, for when we are
               | active/hunting/etc.
        
           | kaybe wrote:
           | You might be able to get the city to add some metal to shade
           | the light coming into your room. I don't know about the US,
           | but here in Germany it took me one call to the city office
           | and two weeks of waiting.
        
           | skohan wrote:
           | This also seems like a choice. There is no reason LED's
           | cannot create warmer light, and there is probably a solution
           | to scatter the rays and not give that "clinical" kind of
           | light which LEDs are known for.
           | 
           | I have an LED desk lamp with a temperature setting, and when
           | it's on the warmer settings it really does produce a pleasant
           | light.
        
             | quickthrowman wrote:
             | LED lights do in fact have the ability to do different
             | color temps, some fixtures have tunable color temp as well.
             | In my home, I use lamps that output 2200-2700K depending on
             | the dimmer setting. Lower color temps output less lumens
             | per watt, and the goal of exterior lighting is generally to
             | improve visibility, hence the 4K color temp.
             | 
             | Here's a cutsheet for a Lithonia wall pack fixture showing
             | the different options, there's also a chart showing what
             | the lumens per watt is based on the color temp:
             | https://img.acuitybrands.com/public-
             | assets/catalog/1008038/w...
        
               | MayeulC wrote:
               | The color a LED emits is given by the choice of materials
               | (specifically, the band-gap, with E=hn, n being light
               | frequency https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band_gap#Light_em
               | itting_diodes... )
               | 
               | "Tunable" LEDs are just multiple LEDs, the goal being to
               | change the emission peak. Peak wavelength can be mapped
               | onto a black body temperature trough Wien's law (lpeak
               | =2.8e-3/T)
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wien%27s_displacement_law
               | 
               | I don't really know how the mapping is done, though, as
               | there are different ways to map it since the LEDs won't
               | have the same emission curve as a black body.
        
           | mumblemumble wrote:
           | Similar feelings in Chicago.
           | 
           | It also makes me feel _less_ safe at night. I get that the
           | orange glow makes everything look muddy, color-wise, but it
           | doesn 't kill your night vision to the same extent as the
           | bright white LEDs do. Sure, things directly under the
           | streetlight are lit up like it's daytime, but I can't see for
           | @$#% in between the streetlights or behind the bushes or
           | whatever.
           | 
           | I'm curious why it seems that no city has tried installing
           | amber LEDs in an effort to try and realize the efficiency
           | gains without quite so many of the downsides.
        
             | throwaway894345 wrote:
             | My opinion is that the whiter LEDs are a welcome change
             | from their orange predecessors. I'm normally very
             | nostalgic, but I make an exception for orange street
             | lights.
        
             | selectodude wrote:
             | >I'm curious why it seems that no city has tried installing
             | amber LEDs in an effort to try and realize the efficiency
             | gains without quite so many of the downsides.
             | 
             | Flagstaff, Arizona did. There are some drawbacks, mostly
             | that they simply don't get as bright.
             | 
             | https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/10/how-flagstaff-
             | arizon...
        
               | mumblemumble wrote:
               | Aha. And that article also explains why. In terms of
               | lumens per watt, it appears that the amber LEDs are
               | actually about 40% _less_ efficient than the low pressure
               | sodium lights they would be replacing.
        
               | proggy wrote:
               | True. That said, LED lighting has a directionality
               | advantage as well. So it turns out you need less of them
               | to get the same basic coverage as the sodium lamps.
               | Here's an account of how Tucson, with its many
               | observatories, managed to keep within budget using
               | standard, high-efficiency blue LED fixtures:
               | 
               | "If you absolutely must use white LEDs, you could do what
               | Tucson has done," Hall said. "They... switched out their
               | whole high-pressure sodium system to 3,000 degree white
               | but reduced their lumen budget for street lighting from
               | 480 million to, like, 170 million [lumens] or something.
               | And you need to do that. For every white LED lumen,
               | you're increasing your skyglow by a factor of about
               | three, but they cut the lumen budget by about a factor of
               | three. So overall, they managed to wash out the skyglow
               | because they've got a lot of observatories down there."
        
               | Gibbon1 wrote:
               | Lumens per watt is the curse of bureaucratic/industrial
               | mandated lighting. Problem is people hate lighting with
               | low CRI, people also hate dim blue light. But you can't
               | put a number on hate like you can lumens per watt.
               | 
               | Efficiency regulations for residential fluorescent
               | lighting delayed adoption by probably 25 years. Because
               | regulations mandated lamps with terrible CRI.
        
         | alistairSH wrote:
         | Agreed. THere's a street lamp outside my bedroom window. It
         | used to be a dull yellow, which was still plenty to illuminate
         | the surrounding sidewalk and parking spaces. And didn't impact
         | my sleep. A year or so ago, the bulb was replaced with a bright
         | white bulb. It might produce more light, but it's a distracting
         | color and brightness when outside and it's bright enough that
         | we have to install black-out blinds to sleep.
        
           | jws wrote:
           | It's worth mentioning that if a street light shines in your
           | window you may be able to contact your town and have them
           | shade that side.
           | 
           | My city has a contact on the web, you identify the light and
           | what you would like shaded, and they come around and block
           | the light on that sector. In my case it looks like they
           | painted a section of the diffuser black.
        
           | mnd999 wrote:
           | I have one too, and now they've stuck a white ANPR camera
           | directly under the bulb reflecting the light back anywhere
           | but down. The local councils in the UK are clueless when it
           | comes to lighting.
        
         | sdevonoes wrote:
         | I agree. Somehow I feel more "secure" (I don't know why) with
         | gold/yellow lights.
         | 
         | White light reminds me of: dentist clinics, hospitals, metro
         | stations... not very friendly places.
        
           | iamatworknow wrote:
           | When I was growing up my father was pretty frugal, so he was
           | very early on the train of replacing all of our home's
           | lightbulbs with fluorescents. However, I don't think he
           | really understood what color temperatures meant, so he always
           | seemed to buy the bulbs with the higher temperatures. Higher
           | is better, right? So he always went with the super sterile
           | cold 5000K bulbs, and just as you say, home felt like some
           | sort of weird sterile warehouse.
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | And yet, the opposite is likely true; yellow lights feel
           | warmer, but white lights make people feel exposed. You
           | generally feel safe from other people in well lit places.
           | 
           | There's research about e.g. subway incidents and safety when
           | they got better / brighter / whiter lights.
        
         | clairity wrote:
         | not just the light temperature (2700K would be better), but the
         | idea that a street light must be a bulb boxes in the design.
         | led lights can be made in any sort of configuration, since it's
         | an amalgamation of bunch of small point sources, not just one
         | big point source.
         | 
         | it would be neat to have light strips alongside the sidewalk
         | and the road, as well as above. that way, the light can be
         | lower intensity in aggregate while still providing the
         | necessary illumination (via surrounding light vs. flooding) to
         | make out details. our eyes are highly adaptive, and we don't
         | need a lot of light, but rather, light from many angles.
         | 
         | also, the safety argument is often overstated in relation to
         | the intensity of light. you only need a little light to reduce
         | crime and accidents to its threshold. more isn't better in this
         | regard.
        
           | rini17 wrote:
           | Compact light sources aren't recent invention, and various
           | lighting methods were tried. I think pylons with bulb boxes
           | still come out best in illumination quality vs.
           | price/maintenance.
        
         | noir_lord wrote:
         | When LA went over to LED it caused massive problems because the
         | tonal colours of LA at night changed radically.
         | 
         | https://la.curbed.com/2014/2/3/10156584/las-new-led-streetli...
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | Massive problem, eh?
        
           | ForHackernews wrote:
           | I guess Los Angeles must be practically a utopia if "making
           | movies look somewhat different" counts as a massive problem
           | for that city.
        
         | globular-toast wrote:
         | Yellow lenses are used in sports to increase contrast in lower
         | light situations. I wonder if yellow lamps have the same effect
         | and provide more perceived visibility with less light.
        
           | Lammy wrote:
           | I did the opposite and got yellow-lenses glasses:
           | https://www.jins.com/us/jins-screen#night-use
           | 
           | No affiliation, and no idea if there's truth to any of the
           | marketing copy, but I'm personally very happy with them
           | especially when driving at night due to the awful intensity
           | of LED brake/tail lights on other cars.
        
             | jacobolus wrote:
             | Orange safety glasses will work better than this, if you
             | don't mind looking silly.
        
               | Lammy wrote:
               | These are prescription though :)
        
         | DrBazza wrote:
         | My local council, prior to recent events in London, decided to
         | turn off all lights after 1am (or thereabouts) "to save money".
         | There was a backlash, and also at the same time when LEDs
         | became more affordable, so the lights are back on, but they're
         | not the same as the good old fashioned orange/sodium lights.
         | The light is more focused on the ground, and it makes driving a
         | little bit more 'interesting' in the evenings. Compare that to
         | the orange lights, where it was more diffuse and even.
         | 
         | Improving the lighting is also at odds with wanting a dark sky
         | for the local wildlife too. It has a noted effect on birds for
         | instance.
         | 
         | Apropos of nothing... I also remember a story about a northern
         | country replacing traffic lights with LEDs and then spending
         | even more money adding heaters because the old lights were
         | naturally warm, and melted any ice that stuck to the lights.
         | Can't find a link to it at the moment.
        
           | M2Ys4U wrote:
           | >Apropos of nothing... I also remember a story about a
           | northern country replacing traffic lights with LEDs and then
           | spending even more money adding heaters because the old
           | lights were naturally warm, and melted any ice that stuck to
           | the lights. Can't find a link to it at the moment.
           | 
           | The Technology Connections channel on YouTube has an
           | _excellent_ video on this, called  'The LED Traffic Light and
           | the Danger of "But Sometimes!"':
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GiYO1TObNz8
        
           | flurdy wrote:
           | My council are also started turning off their lights during
           | the night. I understand it but I hate it. I feel sorry for
           | the dude across the street that now comes home from work in
           | the dark. Personally I feel a lot less secure now staring out
           | in the darkness with a lot of houses and people nearby but we
           | can't see them. I think in more suburban and rural setting
           | this might make sense, but this is still in the town with
           | many people so it makes little sense to me.
           | 
           | I think partially the problem is people(us) have designed
           | their lighting and safety around the street lights being on,
           | and now they are not it is an issue. I have lived in other
           | countries where the norm is for houses to have subtle outside
           | lights that are permanently on at night. But around here they
           | do not and people are more paranoid so all the terraced
           | houses instead have over-active motion sensors with massive
           | flood lights. That are now very noticeable when a poor late
           | night clubber/shift worker/early morning dog walker/baker etc
           | walks by...
        
           | Faaak wrote:
           | In my towns in France, it's actually the opposite: more
           | cities are turning of the lights between 23 and 5 and I
           | personally love it. It gives a sense of "city-sleeping"
           | peacefulness
        
         | garaetjjte wrote:
         | >Not only is it arguably more "natural" than whiter hued light,
         | but I think it actually illuminates better.
         | 
         | I think it is neither "natural" or better illuminating. Sodium
         | lamps have CRI of around, what, 30?
         | 
         | I'm glad that these sodium lamps are finally getting replaced
         | everywhere, and cities at night won't have that monochromatic
         | depressing-ugly-yellow lighting.
        
           | colechristensen wrote:
           | I'm happy sodium lamps are getting replaced, I'm not happy
           | with the replacements which might be worse.
           | 
           | With LEDs it should be very possible to light streets with
           | low temperature close-to-blackbody light. (I don't know if
           | the proximity to a blackbody radiation distribution is the
           | same as CRI etc.) Who _wouldn 't_ want this?
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | LED light can be about as far as it's possible to get from
             | a blackbody spectrum, if similarly to that is what you care
             | about (I don't, art galleries do).
             | 
             | There are two ways of doing "white" with LEDs:
             | 
             | * Separate red, green, and blue, whose spectrum is spiky:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-
             | emitting_diode#/media/Fi...
             | 
             | * Phosphor, which may give you a spectrum like this:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-
             | emitting_diode#/media/Fi...
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | CRI is not used to measure whether a light helps people with
           | practical vision tasks at night. It's quite possible that a
           | light with CRI zero, totally monochromatic, could be the best
           | choice by some objective measures.
        
             | ClumsyPilot wrote:
             | If CRI is low, all colours on an object are fucked. Ao
             | people in general are going to be worse at idebtifying what
             | they are looking at or reacting. You won't be able to look
             | at a picture, read text on your credit card, etc.
             | 
             | Sure what you outline is possible in some spesific
             | scenario, but it's not gonna work for 99%
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | statstutor wrote:
         | Living in London (specifically Haringey, which is mentioned in
         | the article), I was amazed - positively - when my residential
         | street switched to directed, white, LED light.
         | 
         | It lit the street and not everything else.
         | 
         | I could see a few stars in the night sky, for the first time
         | since moving to London.
         | 
         | I no longer had to deal so carefully with light leaking into my
         | bedroom.
        
         | almaember wrote:
         | I live in a country which uses both (it's moving towards white
         | lights but it's not uniform), and I like yellow lights MUCH
         | better. The very bright white lights just hurt my eyes.
        
         | xioxox wrote:
         | Also the sodium lights are also much easier to filter out if
         | you do astronomy. So much lighting is bad nowadays - lighting
         | the sky rather than the ground.
        
       | Taylor_OD wrote:
       | A lot of people here are talking about how the warmer "yellow"
       | lights feel nicer on the eyes or generally give more of a glow
       | than a bright LED. I agree that the yellow lights are nicer to
       | look at but a brighter LED does provide more illumination and can
       | help people feel safer and actually be safer when traveling at
       | night.
       | 
       | There are always trade offs. Is safety for those who must commute
       | late at night a fair trade off for lights that are less pleasant
       | on the eyes?
        
         | mtalantikite wrote:
         | > There are always trade offs. Is safety for those who must
         | commute late at night a fair trade off for lights that are less
         | pleasant on the eyes?
         | 
         | Are you referring to people that commute by car or in general?
         | I don't generally have a problem with very bright lights on a
         | highway, but do we really need them on residential streets? I
         | didn't feel unsafe taking subways and walking at 3-4 am in NYC
         | pre-LEDs. In fact I much preferred it, the city felt dreamier
         | (for whatever subjective measure of "dreamier" is, of course).
        
           | Taylor_OD wrote:
           | > I didn't feel unsafe taking subways and walking at 3-4 am
           | in NYC pre-LEDs. In fact I much preferred it, the city felt
           | dreamier (for whatever subjective measure of "dreamier" is,
           | of course).
           | 
           | In general.
           | 
           | Because you didnt feel unsafe it does not mean that you were
           | unsafe and that other didnt feel unsafe.
           | 
           | I agree that the yellow lights look nicer in general.
        
             | mtalantikite wrote:
             | I guess to clarify, I didn't feel any more unsafe pre-LED
             | than I did post-LED. And of course my experience isn't
             | everyone's experience.
             | 
             | Probably the most unsafe I've felt in the city was a random
             | fight between passenger's on the subway in mid-day when the
             | guy I was standing next to flashed a gun. Probably should
             | have moved away from him now that I'm thinking back on it,
             | for some reason I just kept standing there -- NYC sort of
             | trains you to just accept wild situations I guess. Except
             | if the person starts taking off their pants, then you
             | definitely have to move to the next car.
        
         | stfp wrote:
         | Meanwhile traffic crashes and pedestrian deaths are up because
         | people driving (even during the day) can't resist speeding and
         | looking at their phones.
         | 
         | Also meanwhile, cars are getting super bright headlights that
         | actually make it harder to see at night in the city (signs and
         | windows will reflect a lot more than people, you'll be blinded
         | by oncoming cars...)
         | 
         | My point being, there is no safety tradeoff being evaluated -
         | we're getting super bright, super white LEDs because of
         | economics (white/cool LEDs are cheaper) and a general
         | fascination/desire to get the brightest thing possible.
        
           | syoc wrote:
           | I don't learning where to look is emphasized enough during
           | driving education. You should not be looking directly at the
           | other car or towards their side of the road when driving in
           | the dark. Just resting your eyes on the right side of the
           | road will make a huge difference. I was thought that you
           | should turn on your high beams when the approaching car is
           | two car lenghts in front of you. A lot of people do around
           | here. Never a problem with when you don't look into the
           | headlights and you can see more during what would otherwise
           | be a dangerous timing.
        
           | DangerousPie wrote:
           | > Also meanwhile, cars are getting super bright headlights
           | that actually make it harder to see at night in the city
           | (signs and windows will reflect a lot more than people,
           | you'll be blinded by oncoming cars...)
           | 
           | Any sources for that? I always read that the only times
           | bright (LED) lights blind oncoming traffic is when they are
           | improperly installed aftermarket.
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | I see lights at different heights for SUVs and pickup
             | trucks than for cars, I don't see how it matters how the
             | light is installed when it's eve level for people in cars.
             | 
             | I can see the light's blinding reflections in other cars'
             | rear view mirrors at night when a higher vehicle is behind
             | them.
        
             | stfp wrote:
             | I'm in the US so as as others pointed out it might be more
             | of an issue here (due to higher vehicles - SUVs/trucks -
             | taking over).
             | 
             | As a side note, the crazy lights are bad for pedestrians as
             | well: they're so bright you sometimes have to look away
             | from incoming traffic (esp. if there's a hill involved,
             | tilting the vehicles) and they make it harder to estimate
             | distances (all you see are the lights, which you can't look
             | at, and not the vehicle they're attached to).
        
             | monkeybutton wrote:
             | My pet theory is it has to with the size/shape of modern
             | cars. Having an older car, I'm sitting lower to the ground
             | and am eye level with the headlights with what feels like
             | every compact SUV or whatever is popular now.
        
             | evanlivingston wrote:
             | This might be more of an issue in the U.S. where car
             | illumination standards are different.
             | 
             | At night, nearly every vehicle I come across produced >
             | ~2018 has blinding headlights that require me to squint
             | drastically.
        
             | mtalantikite wrote:
             | I don't drive much since I'm in New York, but I certainly
             | feel blinded by oncoming traffic whenever I'm in a car
             | outside of the city. SUVs with bright LEDs in oncoming
             | traffic make it super hard to see personally. I don't ever
             | recall that as a problem when I was younger, but maybe it's
             | my aging eyes and more SUVs on the road (I still think it's
             | the LEDs though).
        
               | bobbylarrybobby wrote:
               | Interesting. Walking around downtown Manhattan at night
               | I'm frequently blinded by traffic.
        
               | mtalantikite wrote:
               | Yeah true, main streets in the city will do that to you
               | too, for sure. I live in Brooklyn, so there's far less
               | traffic around at night over here.
        
         | dijksterhuis wrote:
         | > Is safety for those who must commute late at night a fair
         | trade off for lights that are less pleasant on the eyes
         | 
         | If folks are that concerned about their safety at night time
         | then they shouldn't live in London. London is _not_ a safe city
         | and _never will be_ , no matter what part of it folks live in.
         | That's part of the _London-ness_ of living in London tbh.
         | 
         | I'd vote to keep the non-white lights. Adds to the duttiness.
         | London needs more dutty after the oligarchs took over central
         | and general gentrification silliness.
        
         | alistairSH wrote:
         | I'm sure there's a happy middle-ground. I get the impression
         | many places are just tossing lowest-bid LEDs into existing
         | lamps and calling it good enough.
         | 
         | Somebody needs to drag the local politicians/town council to
         | Home Depot (or the UK equivalent) and show them the warm-white
         | vs bright-white vs other consumer LED bulbs. And if they still
         | choose the bright-white, fire them/vote them out.
        
           | varispeed wrote:
           | More likely it works like this - someone "connected" finds
           | cheapest possible LEDs one can get away with on alibaba, then
           | the tender is setup so that unlikely anyone else will meet
           | the criteria, money change hands and residents enjoy poor
           | lighting... meanwhile council cries they have no money and
           | another apartment is bought in Spain.
        
       | frereubu wrote:
       | It's mentioned in passing in the article, but there are very
       | serious concerns about the cool temperatures of modern LED street
       | lights. This is a great podcast that goes into depth:
       | https://www.bigbiology.org/season-3#episode53 One idea that
       | particularly struck me was the point that flora and fauna
       | generally have a long time to adapt to temperature changes
       | (although those at each end of the spectrum will clearly suffer
       | more), and large temperature fluctuations have happened in the
       | past. But this rapid acceleration of cool streetlights is
       | something that hasn't happened in earth's history before, and
       | it's unclear how or if organisms will be able to adapt.
        
       | animal_spirits wrote:
       | I would encourage anyone here to watch the documentary "Saving
       | the Dark" [0]. It discusses light pollution and the pros/cons
       | about the new LED lights.
       | 
       | [0] https://youtu.be/6fHxNn-FEnc
        
       | TheAdamAndChe wrote:
       | If they transition to white LED lights, it will be a big shame.
       | White light disrupts our circadian rhythm, our sleep-wake cycle.
       | It affects bugs, bats, and all sorts of wildlife. It would be
       | much better for everyone if they moved to red street lights.
       | 
       | https://www.electronicsweekly.com/news/products/led/red-led-...
        
         | esperent wrote:
         | I was totally with you up until the suggestion for red street
         | lights. Besides the fact that it would make me feel like I was
         | living in a horror film, I have a camping head torch with red
         | and white lights (actually I've owned several over the years,
         | from pricey to cheap) and the red light setting is close to
         | useless. The only time I use it is if I wake up to step out of
         | the tent and pee (it's great for not blinding me and waking me
         | up) - but for actually doing anything it just doesn't provide
         | enough light to see. Factor in that a big reason for street
         | lighting is safety, and I don't think red lights will cut it,
         | sadly, in spite of your valid points. Yellow lighting seems to
         | be the happy median.
        
           | TheAdamAndChe wrote:
           | > The only time I use [red light] is if I wake up to step out
           | of the tent and pee
           | 
           | > for actually doing anything it just doesn't provide enough
           | light to see
           | 
           | It sounds from your comment like red light is good enough for
           | collision avoidance. Why else would light be needed from
           | street lights? We all carry phones with flashlights nowadays.
        
             | esperent wrote:
             | I already mentioned in the parent comment - one of the main
             | reasons for street lighting is safety, and a big part of
             | that is making people feel less comfortable committing
             | crimes because they think they might be recognized. Under
             | red light, you are unlikely to be able to make out
             | someone's face well enough to describe it later.
        
       | jskrn wrote:
       | Light higher than 5000k at night should be a crime. It is
       | surgical and has already ruined many streets I used to enjoy
       | walking and driving.
        
       | Angostura wrote:
       | No mentions of the carbon footprint reduction these LED allow:
       | 
       | https://www.ucl.ac.uk/bartlett/research/impact-bartlett/impa...
       | In the UK in 2005, there were 8.12 million lighting points on the
       | country's streets using approximately 3.14 TWh of electricity,
       | meaning CO2 emissions of 1.32 megatons. 6.31 million of these
       | lighting points were streetlights.
       | 
       | Bartlett research found that lower levels of brightness are
       | required for white streetlights than for yellow sodium vapour
       | lights. Switching led to energy savings of 30-40%.
        
         | mattmanser wrote:
         | They're not pleasant to live around. They switched ours over a
         | few years ago. Couple of things that bug me, they break your
         | body out of it's natural rhythms, I find they really wake me up
         | when I'm out late. They also mean everyone living near one has
         | to go out and buy blackout curtains.
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | Agreed - the white streetlights are worse overall. They're
           | substantially dimmer, making safe driving more difficult and
           | dark streets more scary. They are actually _far less_
           | efficient than the classic orange sodium vapor lights when
           | measured in terms of lumens /watt.
           | 
           | I would guess they're white just because white LED's are now
           | the cheapest colour, and whichever company was paid to do a
           | study was given criteria to ensure they came out looking
           | best. The study probably also took manufacturers claims of
           | "100,000 hours lifespan" at face value, despite the fact half
           | of them in my street have failed in under 2 years, which
           | should have been detected in a small scale trial first...
           | 
           | At least they don't PWM flash...
        
           | Angostura wrote:
           | I've had them in our place in the UK for a few years. A bit
           | weird for the first few months, but soon got used to them.
           | 
           | The benefits far outweigh the problems and it's one the of
           | the more minor changes we are going to have to make to the
           | way we live if we re going to have any hope of curtailing
           | climate change.
        
             | waterheater wrote:
             | >The benefits far outweigh the problems and it's one the of
             | the more minor changes we are going to have to make to the
             | way we live if we re going to have any hope of curtailing
             | climate change.
             | 
             | Surely this position is not absolute? Indeed, the most
             | effective way to eliminate human-induced climate change is
             | to, well, eliminate those causing it.
             | 
             | In your view, can _any_ attempt to curtail climate change
             | be justified? I 'm genuinely curious and mean no
             | disrespect, should you feel such.
        
         | spoonjim wrote:
         | You can have yellow LEDs as a middle ground.
        
         | evanlivingston wrote:
         | I'm sure there's something out there, but something I haven't
         | seen is a breakdown of the environmental impact for _producing_
         | the LED lighting versus the alternatives. I'd be interested to
         | see that.
        
       | germinalphrase wrote:
       | Is there anywhere that uses street lighting that is adaptive,
       | i.e. after of period of no movement, the lights dim and then fade
       | back up as a pedestrian/vehicle approaches?
       | 
       | I'm sure the real answer is [less bright LEDs and force the
       | community to adapt to dimmer night lighting] but, you know,
       | _safety_
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | jensus wrote:
       | the UK's implementation and seemingly general view on lighting
       | seems to be very different than to the rest of Europe. For one,
       | it is quite minimal, the major highways and public parks are
       | barely lit. And the lighting used is so orange and so little
       | lumen that it leaves the eye struggling to either adjust for the
       | reflection of the moon or the street light, straight up awful. I
       | don't mind a balance between preserving traditional feel around
       | pubs etc but we definitely need to have public paths adequately
       | lit.
        
         | thinkingemote wrote:
         | Somewhat related, a few local authorities in the UK do not
         | light paths in many of their parks to discourage people using
         | them. They say it increases safety. The logic is that it
         | dissuades well, lets say, less than wholesome people, from
         | congregating at night in the parks and also it dissuades normal
         | people from using the places thinking they are safer if they
         | are well lit but who might have more risk of bad things
         | happening at night.
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | I feel such attempts at 'logic' just apply people's biases
           | and make a mess.
           | 
           | Unless there is solid evidence they should not be withholding
           | lighting.
           | 
           | Some folks want to drink outdoors or chillin the park, and
           | they will with or eithout light, but like this a lot more
           | people will break their nose or leg
        
       | varispeed wrote:
       | The current lights are great, they have their charm.
       | Unfortunately councils just wait to have an excuse to spend our
       | money (ideally on affiliated companies) on any vanity project
       | they can get their hands on and then hike the tax.
        
       | wayanon wrote:
       | I wonder if subsidised door cameras (and dashcams while we're at
       | it) would also reduce crime.
       | 
       | So sad for Sarah's family and friends!
        
       | globular-toast wrote:
       | I wish we could just stop using street lights or at least turn
       | them down significantly. I've done a lot of walking at night and
       | a lot of the time you can see just fine. On darker nights (no
       | moon) you can simply carry a torch. There's simply no need to
       | floodlight entire streets all night long.
       | 
       | There is a lot of research into the effects of light on sleep
       | quality and it's bad. I have to put significant effort into
       | blocking out street lights in my bedroom which means using
       | blackout curtains even in winter. It's also bad for birds and
       | other wildlife which rely on lighting to determine the time of
       | day. I used to live on a street which turned the lights off
       | completely at about midnight and it was so much better.
        
         | tastyfreeze wrote:
         | A few years ago my local government installed lighting over 14
         | miles of highway only because they could get federal funding to
         | do so. There were 0 light related accidents and 0 crimes that
         | would not have occurred without lighting. Now we get the
         | privilege of some of our taxes going to maintain the lighting
         | and pay the electric bill.
         | 
         | Yes, I am bitter. A decision like that should be backed by
         | evidence that it will actually improve something.
        
         | dkdbejwi383 wrote:
         | For context, a woman was kidnapped off the street and murdered
         | fairly early in the evening in an area that's considered pretty
         | quiet and safe in London recently.
        
           | c7DJTLrn wrote:
           | I don't see the relevance. Criminals aren't cave bats -
           | they're not going to reconsider an act because there's a
           | street light. They'll just move on to another opportunity or
           | do it anyway.
           | 
           | I echo globular-toast's complaints because I have a bright
           | LED street lamp right outside my window which prevents me
           | from sleeping unless I close my curtains, meaning I can't
           | wake up to natural light in the morning.
           | 
           | Street lighting is excessive and unnecessary and unless
           | there's a study that says otherwise, I doubt it has any
           | impact on crime.
        
             | dan-robertson wrote:
             | The relevance is that it is politically difficult,
             | especially currently, to not want street lighting. Evidence
             | isn't so relevant and arguably the psychological benefits
             | to the citizenry are worth the costs.
        
             | dkdbejwi383 wrote:
             | According to the ONS, more violent crimes happen at night
             | than during the day, so lighting does have a measurable
             | effect on crime.
        
               | c7DJTLrn wrote:
               | The conclusion that lighting _itself_ is causing that
               | effect cannot be drawn from that information. There could
               | be a number of other factors for why violent crimes
               | happen at night.
        
           | Veen wrote:
           | Is there any reason to think different lighting would have
           | prevented Sarah Everard's murder?
        
         | patall wrote:
         | That's most likely an age thing. I feel the same as you but
         | then my grandma complains about those same dark lights that I
         | find too bright. I also remember finding nights even brighter
         | as a kid.
        
         | Mauricebranagh wrote:
         | Not everyone has 20/20 vison and may well have poor night
         | vison.
        
         | 1auralynn wrote:
         | I agree, but I think the issue is that LOTS of people just
         | don't have good night vision. I have excellent night vision,
         | and I feel safest with low lighting because it allows me to
         | retain my night vision to see into unlit corners etc. I also
         | don't feel as much "on display". But yeah, for a significant
         | minority of people who have poor vision, the brighter the
         | better, because they just can't see in the dark normally.
        
           | globular-toast wrote:
           | Then bring a torch. The torch will help you see into dark
           | corners too. You wouldn't drive without lights. I'm not sure
           | why people walk around without one.
        
         | dan-robertson wrote:
         | Plenty of people feel unsafe walking around poorly lit parts of
         | a city at night.
        
           | dean177 wrote:
           | The problem isn't the lighting. Its the city.
        
             | frereubu wrote:
             | One of those is a lot easier to remedy than the other.
        
       | nathell wrote:
       | This reminded me of Theydon Bois, a village just off Greater
       | London on the Central Line. From Wikipedia:
       | 
       | > A notable characteristic of the village is its almost complete
       | absence of street lighting. Villagers have consistently voted
       | against the installation of such lighting for decades, fearing
       | that it would damage the traditional village ambience and require
       | a rise in council tax. Only the approach to the tube station
       | features a small number of lampposts.
        
         | frabbit wrote:
         | Sounds like heaven to me. I really dislike the absence of dark.
         | Especially during the summer when it is hot and I would like to
         | increase airflow by opening up the windows.
         | 
         | The claim, in favor of such widespread lighting, is that it
         | makes something "safer", but the evidence seems weak on that:
         | 
         | https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2017/11/02/what-...
        
           | frabbit wrote:
           | I came across this1 paper which seems to claim that the
           | provision of 600,000 lumen "lighting towers" in a public
           | housing project reduces crime. It may be true, but the same
           | could probably said for plans of unleashing packs of wild
           | hyaenas during the night.
           | 
           | All a bit too Panopticon for me.
           | 
           | 1. https://urbanlabs.uchicago.edu/attachments/e95d751f7d91d0b
           | cf...
        
         | rwmj wrote:
         | It's the same in the village where we live. Everyone carries a
         | torch (or in my case one of those pen-sized maglites). It may
         | not be suitable for central London, but the system seems to
         | work fine round here.
        
         | dkdbejwi383 wrote:
         | Theydon is a funny old place. Good spot to enter the forest
         | though.
        
       | coding123 wrote:
       | Meanwhile the blackout curtain industry is boooooming.
        
       | dan-robertson wrote:
       | Does this author want the minimum required amount of light
       | pointing down and trying to avoid light pollution or do they want
       | lots of lights hiding in bushes pointing up at building walls? It
       | seems they change their mind part-way through the article.
        
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