[HN Gopher] Microsoft tried a 4-day workweek in Japan. Productiv...
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       Microsoft tried a 4-day workweek in Japan. Productivity jumped 40%
        
       Author : heshiebee
       Score  : 285 points
       Date   : 2021-03-17 19:42 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.cnn.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.cnn.com)
        
       | yosito wrote:
       | On a related note: when I intentionally time-box just 2 hours for
       | focused work in a day, I usually get more done than when I sit in
       | front of my computer from the time I wake up until the time I go
       | to bed.
        
       | olyjohn wrote:
       | Microsoft should probably try a 5 day / 40 hour workweek here in
       | the US some time. From what I was told at a few interviews there,
       | and from friends who work there, 50 hours a week is pretty much
       | normal and expected. Sounds terrible, and I'm not sad to not work
       | there.
        
         | vbtemp wrote:
         | I heard that they have the best work-life balance of any of the
         | big tech co, in exchange for having the lowest salary/equity.
         | Oh well...
        
           | throwaways885 wrote:
           | Isn't Google a better place for WLB? I too have heard bad
           | things about Microsoft.
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | Google seems to be the gold standard.
        
         | filoleg wrote:
         | Were your friends working in Azure or were you interviewing in
         | Azure? Asking because Azure is the only place where I've heard
         | about it (and even then, rarely).
         | 
         | I have friends all over MSFT (at their main Redmond HQ campus,
         | not remote offices), and no one outside of Azure works over
         | 40/week. The occasional overtimes/crunches happen so
         | infrequently, they could count the number of those days per
         | year on one hand. And even an average workweek frequently falls
         | under 40/week (all engineering btw, cannot comment on other
         | positions like PM or design).
         | 
         | I honestly am baffled by your info, because Microsoft
         | definitely has a reputation here for being one of the more
         | "relaxed" tech companies. In fact, that's one of the biggest
         | reasons I am staying, because I could definitely make
         | noticeably more by switching to another tech giant, but I don't
         | want to lose my work-life balance, as it isn't easy to find at
         | all.
        
           | qbasic_forever wrote:
           | I spent 8 years in engineering at MS in the 2000s--it was no
           | worse or better than any other tech company. There was never
           | an explicit expectation to work more than 40 hours, and most
           | managers were good about not pressuring people into
           | disturbing work-life balance.
           | 
           | But, at the end of the year you were calibrated against all
           | of your peers and WLB was not a criteria that mattered. If
           | you just put in your 40 hours you probably wouldn't get
           | fired, but you definitely were not going to be promoted when
           | compared to the people cranking out more work per week. There
           | was a big divide with the younger, fresher folks working all
           | the time (and making their work very visible).
           | 
           | Once you were a senior dev you kind of had a choice to make--
           | if you wanted to keep a high 'promotional velocity' you had
           | to keep working >40 hour weeks or be left in the dust. If you
           | didn't want to climb that ladder then it was totally fine but
           | you would never be promoted beyond another level or two. I
           | knew folks who were senior devs for 10, 15, or even more
           | years. In contrast the partners/high performers were all
           | regularly getting promotions every 2 years or less and
           | absolutely none of them I knew worked less than 60-80 hours a
           | week. To get promoted up to principal and beyond levels
           | required having a consistent history of promotions every
           | couple years--there was no way to really pause or slow down
           | without stopping your entire career development.
           | 
           | From my friends still left there I don't think much has
           | changed over the years. It's a somewhat subtle system where
           | managers and HR can proudly point to never requiring people
           | to work crunch time. They can trot out plenty of 10 year
           | senior engineers to give quotes and talk about how it's so
           | great to just work 40 hour weeks. But at the end of the day
           | if you want to be successful and rise up the ranks at MS, you
           | are going to be working all the time, period (at least until
           | you reach partner level).
        
             | jdsully wrote:
             | I joined around 2010, the transition was in full swing at
             | that time. Microsoft seemed like a much more aggressive
             | work environment in the 90s/2000s. Around when I joined I
             | didn't know anyone who got to senior without sleeping in
             | their office for a few weeks getting their feature out. By
             | the time I left that was unheard of.
             | 
             | But everything is relative to which org and even which team
             | your on. Windows vs Office are going to be completely
             | different as will Azure.
        
             | sshumaker wrote:
             | Yes but this is true of all jobs. If you want to climb the
             | ladder it requires extra work particularly between levels
             | as you typically have to already be doing the job of the
             | next level to get promoted into it.
             | 
             | Work life balance doesn't mean 50-50. The balance is a
             | personal decision and can even change based on life and
             | career stage. Organizations with good WLB enable employees
             | to make that tradeoff and accommodate a wide range of
             | choices.
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | My SO is on a team on Microsoft where they are expected to
           | not infrequently work weekends and work until 8 PM.
           | 
           | e: Thought this was outside of Azure, but I was wrong
        
             | filoleg wrote:
             | Sorry to hear that, and I realize that what I said is as
             | much of anecdata as what you said, but this sounds more
             | like an exception. Those exceptions do happen.
             | 
             | For example, Amazon is known to be a brutal meatgrinder for
             | engineers, and most of the experiences I've heard of from
             | people I know irl support that assertion. That reputation
             | isn't a secret to absolutely anyone. However, there are
             | definitely those rare few teams at Amazon that are actually
             | quite nice about work-life balance and are extremely
             | functional, without any usual bs you would expect from an
             | average Amazon team. But those teams are absolutely an
             | exception.
             | 
             | Is your SO on Xbox by any chance? Not asking it to
             | invalidate what you have said, I am just genuinely curious.
             | Plus, it would be another good datapoint for me to be aware
             | of in the future. I was guessing Xbox because anything
             | gaming-related is the first thing that comes to mind when I
             | hear about insane work hours.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | Ah okay - actually the team they are on is within Azure,
               | my fault for getting that wrong.
               | 
               | Seeing them WFH has been really eye-opening on how bad &
               | micromanaging managers can get.
        
         | snakeboy wrote:
         | Is 50 hours that crazy? Does anyone else feel like these days
         | they put in well above 40 hours a week doing WFH? Granted,
         | during the day I can't stay 100% focused in my apartment, so I
         | waste maybe an hour throughout the day online. Then I feel
         | guilty and stay online well into the evening/weekends. I can't
         | meet my deadlines otherwise.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | peruvian wrote:
           | Not really. I log in and 9am and close my laptop at 5pm. If I
           | work more it's like 42 hours per week... I'm definitely not
           | working an extra two hours per week day.
        
           | lagadu wrote:
           | Definitely crazy. I've been WFH for a few years now and I've
           | created a method that works really well for me: I make a hard
           | separation between work time and me time. During work time
           | (which starts at 8:00 local time for me) I don't do anything
           | else that I wouldn't do at the office, and this goes on until
           | 15:30 (I have lunch during work), at which point I shut down
           | my work computer and phone and never touch them again until
           | 8:00 the following day.
           | 
           | I'm actually more productive because I don't spend > 1hr
           | socializing during the day, like I did at the office and have
           | far fewer interruptions.
           | 
           | Regarding deadlines, we plan our sprints and provide
           | estimates for all tasks. Sometimes they slip but if I spend
           | more time one day working on something, you bet your ass that
           | I'm leaving that same amount of hours early next Friday. It's
           | been years since I worked 40 hours in any given week.
        
           | stefanmichael wrote:
           | > I can't meet my deadlines otherwise.
           | 
           | working for free to meet deadlines is more a problem with the
           | deadline than it is with your working additional hours
        
           | Hamuko wrote:
           | > _Is 50 hours that crazy?_
           | 
           | The collective agreement for IT service sector workers (incl.
           | software developers) in Finland is 37.5 hours per week, so it
           | sounds pretty crazy actually.
        
           | aidenn0 wrote:
           | Plenty of people work 40 hours per week with a 1 hour (each
           | way) commute. I think _that_ is worse than 50 hours per week
           | with a minimal commute. Maybe some people have a job that is
           | worse than sitting in stop-and-go traffic, but I 'm not sure.
           | 
           | My current commute is about 20 minutes by car, which is the
           | longest commute I've had in almost 20 years and I really
           | don't like that. Prior to COVID I switched to biking to work
           | and that was much more pleasant (40 minutes of exercise beats
           | 20 minutes of driving hands-down for me, and we have showers
           | at work).
        
           | mikestew wrote:
           | _Is 50 hours that crazy?_
           | 
           | I dunno, an extra 25% over what is normally expected? What
           | exactly _is_ your threshold for a ticket on the Crazy Train?
        
           | DocTomoe wrote:
           | In large parts of the western world, 50 hours is actively
           | illegal and opens the company up for legal trouble with the
           | state.
        
           | haswell wrote:
           | 50 hours can mean the difference between:
           | 
           | - Getting a healthy amount of sleep or not
           | 
           | - Having time to eat a proper breakfast or not
           | 
           | - Having time to prepare dinner (vs. order out)
           | 
           | - Getting that evening bike ride in before dark or not
           | 
           | - And on and on
           | 
           | I can't help but feel your response to this is part of the
           | problem. 50 hours is a lot of hours, and we shouldn't
           | normalize it.
           | 
           | This was less clear to me earlier in my career. I held a
           | similar viewpoint for awhile. As time went on, and I saw the
           | long term impact on those around me, and eventually myself, I
           | shifted my viewpoint greatly.
        
             | Arrath wrote:
             | >I can't help but feel your response to this is part of the
             | problem. 50 hours is a lot of hours, and we shouldn't
             | normalize it.
             | 
             | While I absolutely agree with you, my career first as a
             | union laborer and now a construction field engineer have
             | really jaded me to the count of hours. It can be very
             | different across different industries.
             | 
             | On my current project Engineers are expected to be present
             | to support field operations, which means starting before
             | the craft workers to ensure everything is ready for the day
             | (possibly as early as 0500) while still being here until
             | 1700 like any other 'office job'; its pretty outrageous. At
             | least when I was a laborer I was hourly.
             | 
             | What can be done to fight the normalization of this? For
             | myself, I fought my way to a senior engineer position and
             | lobbied for a larger staff. Now I not only have enough
             | people to do the job, but we stagger our shifts out to each
             | get around 8hr/day while ensuring full coverage for our
             | field guys throughout their shift. I've worked to instill a
             | culture of "hey you've been here long enough, go the fuck
             | home" with my team. But it took too long to get to this
             | point, and much more tooth and nail fighting than it should
             | have to convince higher ups of the need for what they saw
             | as 'excess staffing', even for my department which is very
             | much production critical.
        
         | mynameisash wrote:
         | I've been at Microsoft for about eight years (which still makes
         | me a relative newbie). I've been on several teams (changing
         | roles by choice) and had many managers (due to new roles or
         | reorgs). Depending on my family life, commute, work projects,
         | etc., I have had seasons where I would stay late. Many times,
         | I've had my managers walk by my office and say, "Go home to
         | your family. Work will be here tomorrow."
         | 
         | When I was at Amazon, on the other hand, I was usually in the
         | office about 6:30am and would go home about 4 or 5pm. (I was
         | new to big tech and wanted to prove myself.) The younger guys
         | on my team were more 11am - 8pm, so I was always seen as being
         | the guy that left early. And it showed in my relationships with
         | my manager and skip-level, which is a big part of why I left.
         | 
         | So with my n=1 experience, Microsoft is _significantly_ better
         | with work-life balance than Amazon. I can 't speak for other
         | big tech. I know this hasn't always been the case - I've heard
         | horror stories from earlier in the Ballmer years, but we're not
         | in the Ballmer years anymore, thank goodness.
         | 
         | I'll also say that there are plenty of times where I *love*
         | what I'm doing and actively put in lots of time because it's
         | fun, not due to pressure to do so. But I've done that at other
         | companies, and I know lots of people that have that passion for
         | what they're doing.
        
           | moneywoes wrote:
           | What team were on at Amazon? Seems like that can be a big
           | fzctor
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | I have worked at Microsoft and no one I knew worked more than
         | 30-40 hours a week. And this included at least an hour for
         | lunch every day and multiple hours of just browsing the
         | internet/wasting time, using office amenities or roaming around
         | the campus. Some divisions are probably different, but calling
         | Microsoft employees overworked is a joke.
        
       | aasasd wrote:
       | Seen plenty of such articles, but still waiting for a single one
       | saying productivity doesn't drop back after a few months.
       | 
       | (This is coming from someone who's been working remotely and free
       | hours for quite a while.)
        
       | yaseer wrote:
       | If I were making socks in a factory, the more hours I put in, the
       | more socks will be output (to a limit).
       | 
       | If I were a creative, composing music, the relationship is not so
       | linear. Your creative output may significantly benefit from more
       | time off.
       | 
       | The optimum number of hours is really going to vary with job
       | role.
        
         | hntrader wrote:
         | It's going to vary significantly on an individual level as
         | well. The best system would be where people opt-in to more
         | hours but are evaluated solely on the quantity of quality
         | output.
        
           | yaseer wrote:
           | Exactly.
           | 
           | The idea we can jump from 40, to another arbitrary number for
           | everyone, seems misguided to me.
        
           | wnevets wrote:
           | > The best system would be where people opt-in to more hours
           | but are evaluated solely on the quantity of quality output.
           | 
           | More hours will almost always look better to management
           | regardless of output. Even if it was possible to evaluated
           | solely on the quantity of quality output (we still have the
           | socks vs creative problem) management will still tend to
           | focus on "lost" productively.
           | 
           | If person A is able to produce as much as person B but in
           | half the time then management will tend to think person A
           | should be able to product as twice as much in the same amount
           | of time as person B! Person A isn't being a team player!
        
             | hntrader wrote:
             | This is why it's important to have good managers who deeply
             | understand what their subordinates are doing. Detached
             | managers can easily be gamed by maximizing metrics like
             | hours-in-chair, which is pernicious because it makes people
             | choose between making an impact and getting promoted.
        
       | amir734jj wrote:
       | I work at a financial company (200B assets) writing software to
       | analyze bond market. When pandemic started and stock crashed, our
       | software didn't expect such a market crash (obviously, it's
       | called a pandemic ...), so I had to work 80+ hours to get it
       | fixed as everyone else who worked on the application already left
       | and the new people didn't have any clue. Fast forward to the
       | post-mortem phase which also happened to be annual review time,
       | my manager told me I am a toxic person and I made everything
       | worse during the crisis.
       | 
       | To make the matter worse the night when everything was fixed, I
       | was on my way home at 3:30am and I got a speeding ticket for
       | going 60mph over the limit. I fell asleep behind the wheel, thank
       | God I'm still alive.
       | 
       | I left that team immediately, and exactly one year has passed and
       | they haven't been able to find another person to replace me but
       | what bothers me is they promoted that manager because I left and
       | he got all the credit.
       | 
       | In summary, I will never ever work over 40 hours for any company.
        
         | didibus wrote:
         | > In summary, I will never ever work over 40 hours for any
         | company
         | 
         | Thank You!
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | fendy3002 wrote:
         | > In summary, I will never ever work over 40 hours for any
         | company.
         | 
         | Even if anyone can, please don't (exception applies).
         | Especially if you're a developer, 40+ hour a week will burn you
         | out fast.
        
         | hutzlibu wrote:
         | "In summary, I will never ever work over 40 hours for any
         | company."
         | 
         | In general I would say, don't generalize.
         | 
         | If you are with a good company and in a great team, you might
         | want to make exceptions again to succeed as a team.
         | 
         | (exceptions as in at critical times, family would still come
         | first)
        
       | twodayrice wrote:
       | Turns out that the productivity gain came from the fact that they
       | wrote less code. Call me cynical.
        
       | effnorwood wrote:
       | Because only the worst employees actually took the 5th day off.
       | Unencumbered by the usual idiots, productivity soared.
        
       | arduinomancer wrote:
       | Curious how HN feels.
       | 
       | If you could work 4 days/week but your salary would be 1/5 less
       | would you do it?
        
         | Tepix wrote:
         | In Germany you are entitled to part time by law.
        
         | JetAlone wrote:
         | No, I want to work 4 days/week with only a 12.5% reduction in
         | salary to reflect the improved output per-hour my employer
         | would anticipate due to improved conditions, and I want to keep
         | all benefits, or no deal. I don't want the 4-day workweek to
         | gradually morph into "people as a service", as I have my
         | suspicions it may be intended to lead to.
        
         | iainctduncan wrote:
         | I do and have been now for almost 3 years. Actually, I work 3
         | days for 60% (on average that is) and oh my god it's so much
         | nicer than when I was working at companies for 80-100% time.
         | And I'm actually learning again, coding for fun, doing a
         | graduate degree, reading SICP, you know .... BEING A HUMAN
         | BEING.
         | 
         | I will tell anyone who will listen in tech to work less, learn
         | more. If you learn the right things, your salary will likely
         | catch up in the long run and you will be happier, healthier,
         | and smarter. I hardly ever sleep until my alarm now.
        
         | lagadu wrote:
         | Definitely.
         | 
         | It even has an extra bonus: I'd effectively get more than one
         | extra week of vacation each year, because despite the number of
         | days being the same, the one extra day a week would mean a week
         | and a half extra off, pretty nice!
        
           | JetAlone wrote:
           | One day a week would be somewhere between 48 and 52 days off,
           | that's over a month of time off.
        
         | rightbyte wrote:
         | Yes. I actually will do it after my paternity leave. Not sure
         | if I would do it without a kid though but I want to believe I
         | would value "life" more then money.
        
         | vardaro wrote:
         | You could use the extra day to work on a side project that may
         | produce more than 1/5 of your salary.
        
         | ekianjo wrote:
         | Wrong place to ask probably, since I bet most folks on HN are
         | well above the median salary where they live in. It's easier to
         | cut down on your income when you have a lot to begin with.
         | 
         | Japanese median salaries (at least for young workers) are, by
         | all measures, relatively low.
        
       | jacquesm wrote:
       | Why didn't they try it in the USA?
        
         | t-writescode wrote:
         | Probably because there's historical over-working happening in
         | Japan and that's less of a problem in the States.
        
       | PragmaticPulp wrote:
       | Does anyone have any links to a different study on 4-hour work
       | weeks?
       | 
       | I've seen this same 4-week trial shared on every discussion of
       | 4-day workweeks for years. It was such a small and short trial
       | that the results look more like an outlier than a long-term
       | trend.
       | 
       | If I was an employee at one of these companies and management
       | hinted that we could have Fridays off as long as it didn't
       | decrease productivity during a 4-week trial, I would definitely
       | work extra hard during those 4 weeks. I don't know if we can
       | extrapolate much from this short trial among sales people.
        
         | wngzro wrote:
         | Recent article from Bloomberg on the topic:
         | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-03-02/four-day-...
        
       | mrtksn wrote:
       | Findings like these that suggest a fundamental shift in our work
       | life dramatically makes things better for everyone(be it the
       | schedule changed or basic universal income or remote work) keep
       | appearing all the time but we don't see a mass adoption of any of
       | it, maybe with the exception of remote working after being forced
       | to do it due to Covid-19.
       | 
       | Are there any follow ups to the "Finland gave everyone living
       | wage regardless of their employment and the productivity doubled"
       | or "Denmark switched to 3 days a week and the profits actually
       | increased" sort of stories?
       | 
       | The article is from 2019, did Microsoft actually recouped the
       | returns that %40 increase from the 4-day workweek brings?
       | 
       | I'm getting numbed down to these stories, just like the ads about
       | this one weird trick that makes you rich or helps you to be
       | instantly liked by all the men/women.
        
         | Stupulous wrote:
         | For real, I've been seeing "working less increases
         | productivity" articles and headlines for over a decade now. Are
         | these articles wrong, and, if not, why hasn't our efficient
         | capitalist machine moved in to get it done?
         | 
         | Looks like it took about 30 years to get the five day workweek
         | from testing to full deployment, with some industries getting
         | it done in 20. But my understanding was that that was a moral
         | crusade. Leaving money on the table while making people's lives
         | worse feels like the kind of thing that should correct more
         | quickly.
        
       | didibus wrote:
       | I'd be curious to see a similar study for a 6 day workweek. In a
       | way, if a 6 day work week increases productivity as well, it
       | becomes more curious that 4 day would too.
       | 
       | I say that because I think the challenge here is measuring
       | productivity, and people are just mentally skeptical that less
       | working hours could equal more productivity. I hope it is true,
       | but I too feel like really?
       | 
       | So maybe a counter data-point could make things clearer. If the 6
       | day experiment has worse outcome, at least we'd start to suspect
       | that overworking might be detrimental to output. And that could
       | reinforce the theory of 4 day work week.
        
         | BlargMcLarg wrote:
         | At that point, I'd prefer if they would also toss in any kind
         | of scheduling to begin with. Where I live, 5x8 9-5 gets
         | emphasized a lot, and any alternative that isn't working
         | earlier or reducing the days gets incredible backlash. I'm
         | young and fairly carefree outside work, I'd love to try more
         | extreme patterns like 3x12 (especially with WFH) and have more
         | days I can turn my head off completely regarding work,
         | including a shift so I don't get chastised for coming in at
         | 9:30. Someone else might prefer 6x6 starting from 6:30 and quit
         | a bit before noon.
        
         | kgin wrote:
         | I might be misunderstanding, but I think they're talking about
         | productivity in the sense of work output / time worked. A big
         | part of the productivity increase could be explained by
         | Parkinson's Law of the same amount of work getting done in less
         | time. I don't think they're saying that 40% more work was
         | completed overall.
        
           | didibus wrote:
           | Someone else said it is measured by: sales revenue per
           | employee
           | 
           | So I think you're right. I still think people will be
           | suspect. Like why couldn't more work be done in a 5 day week
           | compared to a 4 day week? Why would 4 day produce the same
           | work which result in the same sales as 5 day?
           | 
           | And it's hard to logically argue for or against. But if you
           | tried a 6 day week, you could try to answer: well does more
           | working hours result in more work with more sales output? And
           | if not, then maybe the truth is that there's a max budget of
           | real work per week for employees, and more work hours just go
           | to waste. And in turn that could explain why 4 day over 5
           | didn't see a big change on sales output.
        
       | orblivion wrote:
       | A Japanese acquaintance once told me that an office he worked at
       | once instituted a strict "go home at the end of the day" policy
       | to prevent people from staying late. I guess there's a sort of
       | cultural pressure not to be the first one out of the office
       | (which I can actually _sort of_ understand; I feel weird leaving
       | early).
       | 
       | Apparently it worked out really well. Either similar or improved
       | output. However after a management changeover things went back to
       | as before. It's a cultural hurdle, sounds like.
        
         | mcaravey wrote:
         | That pressure is alive and well at places I've worked (USA). I
         | used to finish my work day at 3pm, and I always made sure to
         | leave at exactly 3pm. I would often get sideways looks and
         | jealous vibes from my coworkers, even though everyone knew I
         | was done at 3. No one ever really paid attention to the fact I
         | was showing up to work at least a couple of hours before them,
         | and the feeling that I was "cheating" by leaving early never
         | really went away. The pressure was there all the time to stay
         | longer, and honestly it really irritated me. We were given core
         | hours to be in the office but because others made the choice to
         | come in later I was left feeling like I did something "bad" due
         | to comments and other implied communication.
         | 
         | These days I run my own place, but the pressure to work longer
         | hours is due to so much needing to get done that can't be
         | completed in 8 hour days. Self-inflicted pressure is way worse
         | because I can't get up and leave it behind.
        
         | Hamuko wrote:
         | > _I guess there 's a sort of cultural pressure not to be the
         | first one out of the office (which I can actually sort of
         | understand; I feel weird leaving early)._
         | 
         | AFAIK, the big cultural pressure in Japan is specifically
         | leaving before your boss does.
        
         | XorNot wrote:
         | The sheer number of times I've left a frustrating problem at
         | work for the day, and come back in the next day and solved it
         | in 5 minutes, makes me believe this would be the case.
         | 
         | Beyond a certain point you really aren't achieving anything.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | mywittyname wrote:
         | When we overwork, the line between work and personal time blurs
         | such that they eventually become the same. So you don't feel
         | guilty about slacking off.
         | 
         | Long hours in an office setting promote procrastination. Why do
         | something now when you are going to be here at 8PM anyway and
         | will need something to occupy your time?
         | 
         | Once you stop procrastinating, because you know you can't be at
         | work late, then you build up work inertia. This is probably
         | where all the efficiency gains are.
        
           | peruvian wrote:
           | Yup. I am always more productive when I force myself to log
           | off at 5pm.
        
             | ekianjo wrote:
             | In Japan, staying long hours at work is not about
             | productivity, as I explained in my other comment. It's to
             | make sure to understand that now, your office, your peers =
             | your life. That's for the exact same reason you invite co-
             | workers and your boss to make a speech at your wedding once
             | you get married: your work is your new family (whether you
             | like it not).
        
           | humanlion87 wrote:
           | That's a great point. This explains why I have not been able
           | to get anything done after lunch during this extended WFH
           | situation. I used to think it was because I ate too much or
           | something similar, but this had never been the case when I
           | was in office. Now I need to figure out how to trick my mind
           | to believe that I can't login after 5pm :(
        
       | missedthecue wrote:
       | _" While the amount of time spent at work was cut dramatically,
       | productivity -- measured by sales per employee -- went up by
       | almost 40% compared to the same period the previous year "_
       | 
       | Is sales per employee really an appropriate proxy for
       | 'productivity'? The original report is entirely in Japanese, so
       | I'm not really sure exactly how they are calculating
       | productivity... is this a sales office?
       | 
       | https://news.microsoft.com/ja-jp/2019/10/31/191031-published...
        
         | Tarsul wrote:
         | if they compare to the last year, they could have at least gone
         | so far and compare to last month as well (probably did, but not
         | in the cnn article, maybe someone who speaks japanese can say).
         | It's a little daunting to just believe a 40% increase only due
         | to cutting 1 day per week, would be quite phenomenal. Also,
         | they cut down on meetings which was probably more decisive
         | regarding improved productivity :) Article is from 2019 btw.
        
         | getoj wrote:
         | The productivity claim has been removed from the Japanese
         | report you link. An erratum at the bottom of the page dated
         | November 8, 2019 says this:
         | 
         | "In the announcement dated October 31, one of the listed
         | "improvements" from the 2019 Summer Work-Life Choice Challenge
         | was an increase of 39.9% in labor productivity (sales revenue
         | per employee) in August 2019 compared to August 2018, with a
         | graph below.
         | 
         | While this number is factual, it is not solely the result of
         | this challenge, and was achieved due to a number of different
         | factors.
         | 
         | To avoid misunderstanding, we have removed that claim from the
         | above summary of the direct effects of the challenge."
         | 
         | Edit to add: >is this a sales office?
         | 
         | "Every Friday in August 2019 was designated an office holiday.
         | Permanent employees received special leave for those days, and
         | all of the offices were closed."
        
           | ajcp wrote:
           | You should post this in the main thread, it is incredibly
           | germane and enlightening.
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | For a sales team I think counting number of sales per employee
         | is the perfect measure for productivity.
        
           | rightbyte wrote:
           | Only if there nothing else at play like a new good product.
           | An increase in sales and decrease in productivity is not
           | mutually exclusive.
        
           | ekianjo wrote:
           | 2280 employees in microsoft Japan, let me wage without being
           | too wrong that 60% at least of those are NOT sales people. So
           | this metric is completely nonsensical if you mix sales and
           | non-sales.
        
             | imwillofficial wrote:
             | Ok, do you know if this was offered to all employees or
             | sales people?
        
               | ekianjo wrote:
               | As far as I know it was applied to all employees of
               | Microsoft Japan. And then they made big headlines out of
               | it. Pure PR move (PR always does this kind of thing -
               | that's their raison d'etre).
        
       | agumonkey wrote:
       | does productivity compose ? because reports of WFH improving
       | productivity by 22% would make a nice bump on top.
        
       | getoj wrote:
       | Posting to a top-level comment: The productivity claim has been
       | removed from the Japanese report[0]. An erratum at the bottom of
       | the page dated November 8, 2019 says this:
       | 
       | "In the announcement dated October 31, one of the listed
       | "improvements" from the 2019 Summer Work-Life Choice Challenge
       | was an increase of 39.9% in labor productivity (sales revenue per
       | employee) in August 2019 compared to August 2018, with a graph
       | below.
       | 
       | "While this number is factual, it is not solely the result of
       | this challenge, and was achieved due to a number of different
       | factors.
       | 
       | "To avoid misunderstanding, we have removed that claim from the
       | above summary of the direct effects of the challenge."
       | 
       | [0] https://news.microsoft.com/ja-
       | jp/2019/10/31/191031-published...
        
         | ekianjo wrote:
         | > was achieved due to a number of different factors.
         | 
         | How surprising that something is used as a single variable
         | explanation by a PR department. I for sure have never seen that
         | before. Glad to know they backtracked on that, but it's too
         | late since the news has been out there already for a long time
         | and this CNN article perpetuates it.
        
           | soneca wrote:
           | I would not blame solely company PR departments for this,
           | often the press exaggerates claims for clicks.
           | 
           | I remember working on a non-profit that provided philanthropy
           | advice to millionaires. Once we hosted a small conference and
           | we ran a very informal poll about the said millionaires
           | satisfaction with their own philanthropy.
           | 
           | The result was something like 32 out of 40 wanted to donate
           | more money annually than what they were currently donating
           | (as opposed with "satisfied" with the amount or wanted to
           | "donate less").
           | 
           | We mentioned the result to a journalist covering the event
           | and of course the newspaper headline was _"80% of Brazilian
           | millionaires want to donate more"_. No mention that it was a
           | poll during the event with only 40 people that were highly
           | selected to people wanting to donate more (the purpose of the
           | event was teach how to donate well). On the contrary, someone
           | reading would have the impression that our organization
           | funded a well-done proper research covering a significant
           | sample of all millionaires in Brazil.
           | 
           | That was not our PR, that misleading headline was solely the
           | journalist creation. The event itself was pretty boring, so
           | they went with that headline to justify their time investment
           | in covering it I think.
        
           | didibus wrote:
           | True, that said, I think it's a good data point towards a 4
           | day workweek none the less. I feel most people would have
           | predicted the outcome to be negative or hurt by the four day
           | workweek. So we don't know if it's sufficient to increase
           | productivity, but it clearly isn't sufficient to decrease it
           | either. And that's already pretty promising data.
        
             | beforeolives wrote:
             | I don't think that you can make that conclusion. How do you
             | know that a 5-day week with the other interventions still
             | in place isn't better than a 4-day week? Or how do you know
             | that keeping everything the same and moving to a 4-day week
             | wouldn't have a negative/neutral effect?
        
               | didibus wrote:
               | > How do you know that a 5-day week with the other
               | interventions still in place isn't better than a 4-day
               | week?
               | 
               | That we don't know.
               | 
               | > how do you know that keeping everything the same and
               | moving to a 4-day week wouldn't have a negative/neutral
               | effect?
               | 
               | I don't know why we'd want to keep everything the same.
               | What we do know here at least is that a four day work
               | week implemented as it was in the experiment did not
               | result in negative or neutral effects. And that's already
               | quite the positive outcome which means more
               | experimentation is mandated as it seems there's hope for
               | four day work week being practical and realistically
               | implemented by companies without hurting their output.
        
               | beforeolives wrote:
               | > I don't know why we'd want to keep everything the same.
               | 
               | To actually find out whether a 4-day week is better than
               | a 5-day week.
        
               | didibus wrote:
               | Well, that's something we could find out. But to me the
               | more interesting thing to find out is: is there a work
               | process that is as good or better then the current work
               | process in output produced yet allows me to only work 4
               | days.
               | 
               | Now sure you could say, all productivity boost were due
               | to other process changes and the benefits of this boost
               | should not go to employees, but if you wanted to be more
               | attractive to talent, that be a good benefit, and knowing
               | that your business wouldn't be affected compared to how
               | it's doing currently is the first step to consider this
               | benefit as a viable one.
        
               | econnors wrote:
               | > What we do know here at least is that a four day work
               | week implemented as it was in the experiment did not
               | result in negative or neutral effects.
               | 
               | We don't know that, though. Maybe sales would've increase
               | 10x with a 5-day work week and the 4-day week hurt
               | significantly.
        
               | didibus wrote:
               | I'm saying negative or neutral to absolute growth, not to
               | opportunity.
               | 
               | Basically, what would you have said prior to knowing
               | about this experiment if I asked you: "What do you think
               | will happen if we do this experiment to productivity?"
               | 
               | I think a lot of people would have said probably you'll
               | see a decrease. But instead we saw a 40% increase.
               | 
               | Now I'm assuming Microsoft has YoY data, so I don't know
               | if 40% yearly increase is the norm, above the norm or
               | below and that be interesting to know.
               | 
               | But still, this 40% increase is surprising to what I
               | think I would have guessed and assume a lot others would
               | have too, that you'd see a decrease or maybe neutral.
               | 
               | So I'm not saying it tells us 4 day work week is better
               | then 5 or 6 or 7. But it seems like a viable model that
               | still allows for quite a bit of productive growth. And
               | that's already a good start for it, one I'm a little
               | surprised about.
               | 
               | Cause it means that possibly time worked has minimal
               | impact on productivity, at least within a 1 day margin.
               | It seems other factors might be more important, maybe
               | simply strategic decisions, cutting out of time wastes
               | like useless meetings or discussions, etc.
        
         | harikb wrote:
         | > In addition to reducing working hours, managers urged staff
         | to cut down on the time they spent in meetings and responding
         | to emails.
         | 
         | > They suggested that meetings should last no longer than 30
         | minutes. Employees were also encouraged to cut down on meetings
         | altogether by using an online messaging app (Microsoft's, of
         | course).
         | 
         | If I am told I am part of an experiment, I would do my best to
         | make it a success and make my 3-day weekend permanent :)
        
           | mmcdermott wrote:
           | I've wondered about this. In some limited areas, it seems
           | like change helps keep things fresh and people off of
           | autopilot. From that perspective, it's possible that if
           | prolonged the results would level out.
           | 
           | And, yes, I say this as someone who would rather have a four
           | day workweek.
        
             | hutzlibu wrote:
             | Autopilot is nothing bad. For repeative tasks that cannot
             | be improved with reasonable amount of ressources, you are
             | better off in autopilot. It saves energy for critical
             | times.
        
           | MikeTheGreat wrote:
           | There's even a name for this: Hawthorne Effect From
           | Wikipedia: "The Hawthorne effect refers to a type of
           | reactivity in which individuals modify an aspect of their
           | behavior in response to their awareness of being observed."
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawthorne_effect
           | 
           | (Yes, the Hawthorne Effect is more general than the specific
           | case here where people want to influence the outcome in a
           | particular way, but it's still cool that this is known to be
           | a thing)
        
             | lupire wrote:
             | That's not the Hawthorne effect, that's people responding
             | to incentives.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | trhway wrote:
       | i'd guess that while a 4-day week de-jure, it was de-facto a
       | 5-day week with 1 day being free of meetings, manager's
       | micromanagement, communication&collaboration (like being able to
       | ignore Slack for the whole day) and other corporate crap. In this
       | case it would mean that the productivity in that 1 day grew 3x to
       | result in that 40% growth for the whole week. Those 3x estimate
       | pretty much matches my experience of how big the corporate crap
       | is a drag on productivity.
        
       | ekianjo wrote:
       | > The initiative is timely. Japan has long grappled with a grim
       | -- and in some cases, fatal -- culture of overwork. The problem
       | is so severe, the country has even coined a term for it: karoshi
       | means death by overwork from stress-induced illnesses or severe
       | depression.
       | 
       | I love the ignorant CNN contributors there. You can really see
       | the full effect of people commenting about cultures they do not
       | know or do not understand.
       | 
       | First, 'overwork' is not what you think. Most of work done in
       | Japanese companies is not busy work. Long hours are often the
       | result of excessive bureaucracy and long meetings, and the
       | expectation that you'll go out for dinner (maybe not everyday,
       | but regularly enough) with your peers as a form of social bonding
       | at the end of the day (something that is not really a thing in
       | other cultures). If you don't understand that aspect of the
       | culture, well you don't understand anything at all really.
       | 
       | As for coining words. Japanese people have a coin word for
       | everything under the sun, even mundane things that foreigners
       | would have no expression for. It's a culture that loves making
       | new words, new expressions, new acronyms - very much in the DNA
       | of the Japanese language, so there's no "even coined a term for
       | X" that remotely means anything at all. Niche phenomena also
       | coined specific words, and it does not mean there's a massive
       | trend going on.
       | 
       | You should be a lot more concerned by the number of suicides in
       | Japan than by the number of people dying from overwork - it's not
       | even on the same scale at all.
        
         | ath92 wrote:
         | Do you think the suicide rate could be related to the cultural
         | pressure to work long hours?
        
           | ekianjo wrote:
           | Just like every problem, there's tons of factors at play.
           | Let's not try to reduce everything to a single variable,
           | because then we are surely mistaking ourselves.
           | 
           | Top of mind, I would say the following factors probably play
           | a role:
           | 
           | - social pressure to conform
           | 
           | - social pressure to be successful
           | 
           | - depression not being very well treated in Japan
           | 
           | - work/school being too much in one's life compared to other
           | things
           | 
           | - lack of support/encouragement - isolation
           | 
           | - fatalism ('you can't do anything about that') kind of
           | belief
           | 
           | But even that list is too short, I feel. I think by living in
           | Japan you grasp a little more what is at play but as I said,
           | it's a whole package, not just a few factors.
        
         | causality0 wrote:
         | _Long hours are often the result of excessive bureaucracy and
         | long meetings, and the expectation that you 'll go out for
         | dinner (maybe not everyday, but regularly enough) with your
         | peers as a form of social bonding at the end of the day_
         | 
         | You...you know that's worse, right?
        
           | ekianjo wrote:
           | I'm not judging either way. Just stating the reality, and
           | Japan is not a country where individualism is prized as much
           | as in the US, for example. Being part of a larger community
           | is very important here.
        
         | serial_dev wrote:
         | I like criticizing CNN as much as the next guy, but nothing
         | what you wrote really contradicts what you quoted from the
         | article.
        
           | ekianjo wrote:
           | I just explained at least that "coining words" means nothing
           | in Japan. That's a clear refutation of what they insinuated.
        
         | BadInformatics wrote:
         | Though I agree on the cultural ignorance point (especially not
         | choosing to localize terms so that they sound exotic), needless
         | overtime and the 996 culture are absolutely a problem. It's not
         | so much that the work is tiring as the hours are unnecessary
         | and prohibit people from doing stuff outside of work. 20-30
         | years ago, bonding with peers after work was still pervasive in
         | China/Japan/SK, but the hours were nowhere near as crazy as
         | they are now.
        
         | koyote wrote:
         | > Long hours are often the result of excessive bureaucracy and
         | long meetings, and the expectation that you'll go out for
         | dinner
         | 
         | I don't think it matters what the work is. If you spend most of
         | your awake hours either in the office or with your colleagues
         | then that deprives you from resting and relaxing (and of course
         | seeing your family, engaging in leisure activities etc.).
         | 
         | > You should be a lot more concerned by the number of suicides
         | in Japan than by the number of people dying from overwork
         | 
         | And how many suicides in Japan are work-related?
        
           | ekianjo wrote:
           | > And how many suicides in Japan are work-related?
           | 
           | Hard to say. Since there are a lot of suicides among students
           | and retired people too, I'm sure work is not the only
           | problem.
        
           | Hamuko wrote:
           | > _And how many suicides in Japan are work-related?_
           | 
           | Probably no hard statistics on this but here's something from
           | Japan Times on karoshi:
           | 
           |  _> Over the past decade, more than 300 people each year have
           | been awarded compensation under work-related accident
           | insurance after suffering either heart attacks or strokes. In
           | 2013 alone, 133 of such people died. A growing number of
           | workers also win damages for work-induced mental problems,
           | with the figure hitting 436 last year, including 63 who
           | either committed or attempted suicide._
           | 
           | https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2014/11/15/editorials/g.
           | ..
        
       | jasode wrote:
       | At least 2 other things to think about when reading workplace
       | experiments like this:
       | 
       | 1) Hawthorne Effect when workers are aware of being observed in
       | response to a novel change:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawthorne_effect
       | 
       | 2) Difficulty and disagreement in measuring the _success_ of a
       | change: E.g. France has had 20+ years of the 35-hour work week
       | and there 's _still debate_ on whether it was successful. :
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35-hour_workweek#Criticism
        
       | wnevets wrote:
       | I wonder what the percentage of any perceived productivity
       | increase is due to the reduction of time spent in meetings.
       | Management has less hours to appear they're doing management
       | things so they're forced to have less meetings. I feel like my
       | productivity is so much higher when I don't need to worry about
       | meetings.
       | 
       | "No point digging into this important task, it's 30 minutes
       | before that meeting. I guess I'll kill time looking at hacker
       | news"
       | 
       | "I'm exhausted from having be part of that meeting, I need 30
       | minutes or so to recharge before I dig into that important task."
       | 
       | "There's a follow up email to that meeting, I guess I should I
       | should read it before digging into that important task"
        
         | BlargMcLarg wrote:
         | I can also imagine less meetings cause less bureaucracy, less
         | mental fatigue from playing social theatrics, more satisfaction
         | in actually doing things for people who hate meetings, etc. A
         | meeting rarely if ever is "just" a meeting, and those that are
         | "just" a meeting tend to be superfluous for the majority of
         | participators (no preparation needed, no reflection
         | afterwards).
        
       | tpmx wrote:
       | Why are you reposting news from November 2019 without labelling
       | it as such?
       | 
       | I remember it being heavily discussed back then:
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21433710 (210 comments)
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21441689 (242 comments)
        
         | t-writescode wrote:
         | Wow! Thanks for sharing these couple other instances of it
         | happening, I wouldn't have seen them otherwise! This is
         | certainly the first time I'm seeing this news.
         | 
         | I'm always excited to see more reason for us to shorten our
         | working hours and I think it could help lots of the problems
         | we've been or may soon be having in society!
         | 
         | Thanks for bringing more examples of the conversation for me to
         | look through!
        
           | tpmx wrote:
           | I do remember the consensus being that it worked out well
           | because a (quite capitalistic!) _sales_ team did the 4-day
           | workweek experiment in question.
        
       | vardaro wrote:
       | I worked at a large co that did a 4/10 work week schedule. I
       | didn't feel any more productive but I was certainly happier
       | overall.
        
       | 908B64B197 wrote:
       | Careful. Some cultures in Asia have a strong culture of appearing
       | to work hard solely based on time spent in the office.
       | 
       | The Japanese salaryman comes to mind [0]
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salaryman
        
         | torcete wrote:
         | They have plans to try a 4 days working week here in Spain, and
         | I believe the working culture is quite different. We will see
         | how it works.
        
           | ekianjo wrote:
           | If one believes that less time spent working increases
           | productivity, then by all means let's go down to 1 day a
           | week. We'll see HUGE productivity gains there... right?
        
         | president wrote:
         | Though not as extreme, this happens in the US as well,
         | especially in Silicon Valley. My last few gigs in large
         | enterprise software companies were like this.
        
         | BitwiseFool wrote:
         | I wonder if cutting official hours allows people to drop some
         | of that pretense.
        
         | ipnon wrote:
         | I find it _hilarious_ that Americans don 't seem to think they
         | do the same thing.
        
       | [deleted]
        
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