[HN Gopher] Ultrasound has potential to damage coronaviruses
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       Ultrasound has potential to damage coronaviruses
        
       Author : tracyhenry
       Score  : 45 points
       Date   : 2021-03-16 16:47 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (news.mit.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (news.mit.edu)
        
       | twirlock wrote:
       | Oh so some kind of high frequency wave. Who could have predicted
       | that? Can you imagine all the science required to brainstorm
       | about that one?
        
       | pvaldes wrote:
       | The theory that a bat virus would be damaged by the same type of
       | sounds that bats produce non-stop for hours feels very strange to
       | me. If true, this coronaviruses should be extinct since millions
       | of years ago. No one single virus would stand the extra loudly
       | bat colonies. Specially not rabies virus that has a much more
       | fragile structure.
       | 
       | As this does not seem to happen, my bet is that will not work as
       | expected. My instinct might be wrong, of course.
        
       | JabavuAdams wrote:
       | This is not very convincing, though of course it should be
       | followed up on. Considerably more is known about the structure of
       | the virus than the article seems to imply.
       | 
       | I'd like to see more about what they mean by simulations "in
       | water". If they didn't simulate intermolecular forces at all,
       | these results seem unlikely to be relevant.
       | 
       | The details really matter here. Many early visualizations of the
       | spike protein only showed the protein amino acid residues, not
       | any attached sugars (glycosylation). Turns out the sugars act as
       | a reconfigurable armour that was preventing targeting of the
       | spike protein by meds.
       | 
       | AI-Driven Multiscale Simulations Illuminate Mechanisms of SARS-
       | CoV-2 Spike Dynamics: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EIReA3s1Nwk
        
       | JetSetWilly wrote:
       | > "We've proven that under ultrasound excitation the coronavirus
       | shell and spikes will vibrate, and the amplitude of that
       | vibration will be very large, producing strains that could break
       | certain parts of the virus, doing visible damage to the outer
       | shell and possibly invisible damage to the RNA inside," says
       | Tomasz Wierzbicki, professor of applied mechanics at MIT.
       | 
       | Why say they have proven it, when all they have done is a
       | simulation and they have not demonstrated anything? It seems like
       | they have a hypothesis, not that they have "proven" anything.
        
         | scintill76 wrote:
         | Also, at least as a layman, the RNA comment makes me a little
         | worried about this technique leading to the accidental creation
         | of a stronger mutant virus.
        
         | JabavuAdams wrote:
         | Gotta market the research to get the sweet sweet grant dollars.
        
         | effie wrote:
         | Exactly.
        
       | jandrese wrote:
       | As usual there is an xkcd for this.
       | 
       | https://xkcd.com/1217/
       | 
       | I'm not holding my breath on this one. Even if it does work the
       | majority of the population will be vaccinated before it is
       | approved.
        
         | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
         | There's also no practical application for it.
        
         | chickenpotpie wrote:
         | COVID-19 is not the only coronavirus disease
        
       | roflc0ptic wrote:
       | If this actually causes physical damage to a virus, it raises the
       | question for me: what else do ultrasounds physically damage?
       | Surely COVID 19 can't be the only thing in our body with a
       | resonance frequency in that range
        
         | clairity wrote:
         | ultrasounds are done on people all the time, especially during
         | pregnancy on relatively fragile fetuses. we'd likely know of
         | any serious risks by now. ultrasound is more akin to
         | microscopic shaking than a mysterious flux of (highly potent)
         | energy.
         | 
         | also consider that the cov2 virus is particularly fragile, for
         | instance, requiring the external support of water to remain
         | intact. it's why you don't need masks in most common situations
         | (just distance), because the virus disintegrates so easily.
         | 
         | some viruses, on the other hand, can essentially hibernate and
         | revive themselves once inside a host. those are the ones that
         | would require enough excess energy that damage to other cells
         | and organelles might be a genuine concern.
        
           | brodouevencode wrote:
           | Great point. If you've never had an ultrasound, it's safe
           | enough that the technician doing them (who may see dozens of
           | patients in a day) isn't even wearing any shielding or
           | protection.
        
             | UncleOxidant wrote:
             | Ultrasound is highly directed. The practitioner isn't
             | getting exposed to a significant amount of ultrasound
             | energy.
        
               | InitialLastName wrote:
               | Not only is it highly directed, ultrasonic acoustical
               | frequencies disperse very quickly in air. At 1MHz, the
               | energy absorption in air is ~160dB/meter, so a person
               | sitting at arm's length away from the emitter (even if it
               | weren't highly directed) would receive ~6*10^-17 of the
               | power (if that weren't far below any possible noise
               | floor, which it is).
        
               | brodouevencode wrote:
               | Good point, and a fair one. I would imagine though if
               | there were _any_ chance though they would have to be
               | shielded.
        
           | _Microft wrote:
           | The proposed ultrasound frequencies are 10-100 times as high
           | as the ones usually used for imaging purposes, so the
           | conclusion that it must be harmless does not naturally
           | follow.
        
             | clairity wrote:
             | i haven't delved into the specifics here, but note that a
             | higher frequency doesn't necessarily mean a higher flux of
             | energy, so that conclusion doesn't necessarily follow
             | either.
        
               | _Microft wrote:
               | It does not need a _" higher flux of energy"_ to do
               | damage. Exciting a system at its resonance frequency can
               | increase the amplitude of its vibrations to the point
               | that it gets damaged.
               | 
               | This does not take lots of energy, it does not take large
               | amplitudes, just periodic input of power at the right
               | frequency. Knowing that a system is fine at one frequency
               | does not say (that) much about other frequencies.
        
               | clairity wrote:
               | yes, resonance can be significant, but that still doesn't
               | necessarily mean that the energies here are significant,
               | nor that the frequencies applied are the right
               | frequencies, and resonant enough, for damage.
               | 
               | the underlying point is that unless we're capable of
               | doing the relevant experiments ourselves, we need to
               | trust that people in the field are cognizant enough to
               | realize these obvious issues, test them, and report their
               | findings. it's unlikely that lay people like us are going
               | to find and _gotcha_ the researchers in the field.
               | 
               | that's not to say that, in aggregate, we can't give
               | researchers ideas about what to be researching. that, we
               | can--and should--do, via conversations like this.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | blacksmith_tb wrote:
             | But it's worth contrasting with focused ultrasound[1] which
             | is used to either heat or shatter tissues, at higher
             | frequencies and amplitudes.
             | 
             | 1: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-
             | intensity_focused_ultraso...
        
               | nullserver wrote:
               | For a visualization, A lower frequency but high intensity
               | method can be used to cook meat.
               | 
               | https://youtu.be/LHFhnnTWMgI
        
             | aksss wrote:
             | > "...vibrations between 25 and 100 megahertz"
             | 
             | "Ultrasound frequencies in diagnostic radiology range from
             | 2 MHz to approximately 15 MHz"
             | https://radiopaedia.org/articles/ultrasound-
             | frequencies?lang...
             | 
             | So 10-50 times as high, but yeah.
        
             | idrios wrote:
             | Agreed. You could substitute ultrasound waves with
             | electromagnetic waves in this same conversation. We use EM
             | waves every day for diagnotics -- at the 740-380nm range
             | because that's visible light. 10x-100x frequency of that is
             | ultraviolet, which _is_ harmful. And as for resonant
             | frequencies, it doesn 't seem unreasonable to me that
             | certain frequencies could denature certain proteins or have
             | other effects.
        
         | goda90 wrote:
         | Viruses are considerably smaller than cells, so that probably
         | plays a part in damage. Though maybe we should study the
         | effects on DNA and organelles within cells.
         | 
         | Also, the body regularly damages itself in attempts to
         | eliminate infections. It then can heal. Ultrasound might damage
         | other parts of the body, but it might not be worse than what
         | the infection itself causes.
        
           | dheera wrote:
           | The body is particularly bad at fixing certain kinds of DNA
           | damage though, and just lets itself die from cancer.
        
         | NoSorryCannot wrote:
         | Ultrasound is just sound above frequencies that humans can
         | hear, which is a vast range from ~20khz up to practical
         | physical limits, gigahertz at least. Your body has resonant
         | parts that can be damaged by frequencies in the _audible_
         | range, the chief parts being in your ears but other parts, too,
         | if the sound is sufficiently loud, e.g. a shockwave from a
         | powerful explosion. So amplitude (volume) is clearly very
         | important.
         | 
         | All that to say, I don't think there's any cause here to draw
         | suspicion upon sonograms or other time-tested procedures.
        
         | burlesona wrote:
         | I was wondering the same thing.
        
       | ergest wrote:
       | Might work wonders in being applied to air filters or
       | disinfecting large spaces. Not sure if you could run this
       | continuously especially when humans are around.
        
         | mminer237 wrote:
         | If you don't have humans to worry about, I would think UVC
         | light would always be the more effective solution.
        
       | seesawtron wrote:
       | Only a simulations study, title misleads one to believe that it
       | is "actually" scientifically proven to be true.
        
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