[HN Gopher] Israel's first new bank since 1978
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       Israel's first new bank since 1978
        
       Author : theBashShell
       Score  : 61 points
       Date   : 2021-03-14 15:17 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.reuters.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.reuters.com)
        
       | dogma1138 wrote:
       | I'm not sure it will last, Israel has an extremely tightly
       | regulated banking sector, and major banks already offer a
       | competitive digital platform.
       | 
       | Unlike the EU where digital banks can start in a small market and
       | then expand by using their passporting rights a bank in Israel is
       | constrained to a rather small market.
        
         | hyperrail wrote:
         | > _major banks already offer a competitive digital platform._
         | 
         | Did this improve a lot recently? Only 2 years ago, the Wall
         | Street Journal described the inconvenience of Israeli banking
         | this way:
         | 
         | > _Banking occupies a special place among the complaints of
         | Israelis. Banks refuse to give out the phone number of a
         | designated representative. Most basic functions can be dealt
         | with only in person at the branch where an account was opened._
         | 
         | > _Tech workers - many of them American and European immigrants
         | who came of age with mobile banking - can toil all day on some
         | of the world 's most advanced projects, only to find they can't
         | email their bank any documents. Many Israeli banks demand
         | documents in person, sent by mail or by fax._
         | 
         | > _when [Aliza Landes, a] 35-year-old American-Israeli [,]
         | recently tried to send money electronically to pay for her
         | wedding dress, the experience was less than high tech. It took
         | two hours on the phone, and then a trip to her bank branch,
         | where employees manually added the send-money function to her
         | app._
         | 
         | from https://archive.is/EongN /
         | https://www.wsj.com/articles/whats-the-hot-device-in-startup...
        
           | tguvot wrote:
           | been with bank hapoalim, which is one of the larger banks.
           | maybe this article relates to one of the worst banks.
           | 
           | - i have a designated representative for 20 years or so
           | (usually it happens when you have income above average I
           | guess)
           | 
           | - most of functions I could do via web site for many-many
           | years. probably also via mobile app.
           | 
           | - been emailing documents to my bank for 5 years at least
           | 
           | - can make either local same day transfers or international
           | transfers online, forever.
           | 
           | with regards to "trip to branch where employees added send-
           | money function to app", you need to sign agreement for
           | performing operations online and stuff (probably part of
           | regulations). till you do it, web banking is a bit limited.
           | those days you can agree to it online i think
        
           | josh_fyi wrote:
           | This has not been my experience. It's quite easy to send
           | money to any bank account even in another Bank. The online
           | portal at my bank is pretty easy to use
        
           | llimos wrote:
           | Not my experience (with Bank Mizrahi).
           | 
           | Can do almost anything on the web. Can even cash in checks by
           | taking a picture of them on the app. Calling the central
           | number for the bank directs the call automatically to my
           | personal banker based on my caller ID. I haven't been to the
           | branch in years.
           | 
           | Although it is true that when you _do_ need to go in, you
           | need to go to your own branch, which is something that
           | surprised me coming from the UK.
        
             | simplyaccont wrote:
             | This is probably because accounts are branch specific and
             | all your paperwork is there. If you want to move branch,
             | your account number will change. Maybe one day they will
             | "fix" it .
        
           | crmd wrote:
           | I'm an American that had to work in Israel for a couple of
           | years. Israeli banking is weird. For example I was often
           | asked by my banker (Hapoalim) to hand write
           | instructions/permission to do something on a piece of paper,
           | take a picture of it with my phone, and text it to him. It's
           | hard to imagine a salty Chase Bank rep back home asking for
           | this. Israel is this strange combination of first world and
           | third world improvisational organized chaos mentality.
        
             | tguvot wrote:
             | Probably just "chain of evidence" to make sure there were
             | no misunderstandings or something. Never had to do anything
             | like this .
        
       | lr4444lr wrote:
       | This article doesn't tell me what I really want to know, which is
       | _why_ a country with enormous FDI and GDP like Israel has gone
       | almost 5 decades with no new banks. Is there a regulatory hurdle?
       | Cultural taboos?
        
         | llimos wrote:
         | Banks are so tightly regulated that they all offer pretty much
         | identical options at identical prices. Shopping around, it's
         | virtually impossible to find any differentiator between them.
         | They don't even advertise based on differentiation, it's more
         | things like 'our call center people are more polite than
         | theirs'.
        
           | tpetry wrote:
           | Absolutely the opposite. Fintech and online-only banks have
           | allowed so much new things to differentiate to the old banks.
           | The concept of privacy.com with securing your online credit
           | card purchase, revolut's ability to get rid of money exchange
           | fees or just the many app banks.
        
             | yoavm wrote:
             | I think the parent post was talking about the Israeli
             | market. There is no Privacy.com, Revolut etc in Israel.
        
         | hntrader wrote:
         | > gone almost 5 decades with no new banks
         | 
         | Branchless banking seems like a capability enabled only in the
         | last 15 years by widespread internet adoption among customers
         | as well as a transition to a cashless economy in the last 5
         | years.
         | 
         | Before then I'd imagine the physical startup costs and physical
         | network effects of having hundreds of branches/ATMs, combined
         | with low retail margins would've made it prohibitive for new
         | competition.
        
         | PEJOE wrote:
         | Corruption and regulatory capture are big ones in Israel. Small
         | population and area also means harder to find a niche
        
           | flyinglizard wrote:
           | I don't think corruption has anything to do with it (unless
           | you can give any concrete example).
           | 
           | Israel didn't have new banks because the regulator preferred
           | to protect the stability of the existing players, which are
           | heavily regulated themselves. Israel had its share of
           | troubles caused by banks in the 1980s and 1990s, and today
           | banks are kept away from many asset classes and operations to
           | ensure their stability and limit their clout.
           | 
           | You could say that the banking regulators gave a limited
           | amount of players a license to print money but they had to
           | play by very particular rules on who owns them, what they do
           | and how their balance sheet looks.
        
             | PEJOE wrote:
             | > Israel didn't have new banks because the regulator
             | preferred to protect the stability of the existing players
             | 
             | Well said. Whatever the justification, protecting the
             | profits of incumbents at the expense of new entrants is
             | regulatory capture.
             | 
             | And to your latter point, here is an example: in the US
             | telecom providers are highly regulated, but they also have
             | largely captured the FCC.
             | 
             | Onerous amounts of regulation, contrary to perception, are
             | good for incumbents. It makes launching a new business
             | hard.
             | 
             | Fighting through regulatory barriers is one challenge for
             | some European startups trying to achieve scale and displace
             | or match an incumbent. (Very low turnover in top 500 EU
             | companies vs US too 500)
             | 
             | Lastly I'd like to note that Israel has some room to
             | improve on the corruption front - they are ranked as having
             | higher perceived corruption than Spain and South Korea, two
             | countries where the rich stay rich, and on par with
             | Botswana. [0] And a bit below the US, where we already
             | struggle with corruption and regulatory capture.
             | 
             | [0] https://images.transparencycdn.org/images/CPI2020_Repor
             | t_EN_...
        
               | flyinglizard wrote:
               | The list you cite is "corruption perception", not
               | corruption per se. other lists such as GCI rank Israel
               | (20th) roughly on par with Japan (18th) [0]
               | 
               | The banking regulators in Israel are quite upfront about
               | their objectives of maintaining banking sector stability
               | even at the cost of competition or cost to consumers.
               | They even oversee banking boards.
               | 
               | [0] https://risk-indexes.com/global-corruption-index/
        
               | PEJOE wrote:
               | Israel does rank very favorably on this list - I wonder
               | why the perception of corruption, among businesses, is so
               | much higher the measure posited by risk-indexes.com?
               | 
               | Perhaps one reason is that the perceived corruption
               | ranking that I shared is just that, while your measure
               | dilutes "Corruption Perception," and "Corruption
               | Experience," to just 42.5% of the measure, filling in the
               | majority of the corruption measure with:
               | - Ratification status of Conventions       - Citizen's
               | Voice and Transparency       - Government Functioning and
               | Effectiveness       - Legal Context       - Political
               | Context       - White collar Crimes
               | 
               | Which to me, in the context of evaluating "Why have there
               | been no new banks in Israel since 1978?" are not as
               | useful as just the combined experiences of companies who
               | are financially exposed to Israeli government decision
               | making.
               | 
               | (source: https://risk-indexes.com/wp-
               | content/uploads/2019/10/GCI_Tech...)
               | 
               | That said, clearly closed room deal-making is not the
               | only challenge to new banks in Israel. It is a small
               | market.
               | 
               | China, who does poorly on many measures of corruption,
               | but does have a relatively robust market, has many banks
               | to serve its massive population:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_banks_in_China
               | 
               | One difference is that corruption in China is often local
               | (federalized corruption?): if you can't get something
               | done in Guangzhou maybe you move it to Changchun and you
               | can. That option doesn't exist in Israel.
        
               | tguvot wrote:
               | >Israel does rank very favorably on this list - I wonder
               | why the perception of corruption, among businesses, is so
               | much higher the measure posited by risk-indexes.com?
               | 
               | A few factors:
               | 
               | - In Israel corruption is very aggressively prosecuted
               | and will be featured on national news (the only kind of
               | news. no local news there) repeatedly. It creates
               | impression that corruption is everywhere
               | 
               | - Orthodox sector due to it's influence gets non-
               | proportional amounts of money from budgets
               | 
               | - Everybody afraid to be a freier
               | (https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-
               | xpm-1997-jul-25-mn-16208...), so in case somebody else
               | succeeds, some may assume that it's because of
               | corruption, etc
               | 
               | - Having personal relations with somebody or been friend
               | of a friend helps (to speed up a bit small things. no
               | monetary exchange, just a favor)
               | 
               | PS. Couldn't find raw data from Israel for index
        
               | PEJOE wrote:
               | tguvot,
               | 
               | Some very interesting anecdote points - I'll say my
               | personal references are an old boss, who is close to
               | Israeli politics in the US, and Israeli emmigrants. (Main
               | complaint was they liked forests and green more than the
               | desert.)
               | 
               | I appreciate your context; and I did request the dataset
               | from the risk-index organization, and will update here if
               | I receive it.
        
           | marshmallow_12 wrote:
           | I am inclined to agree with you. Israel is famous for it's
           | beuracracy. It is enormously damaging to the economy and
           | actively aids monopolies. This extends to individuals too, as
           | any unfortunate soul unlucky enough to get lost in an Israeli
           | government office can attest. This means that banks can act
           | with impunity, especially since to transfer larger sums of
           | money, one needs to do so via the bank by law. I suspect
           | theres a large amount of corruption there. I hope this new
           | bank can help a little.
        
       | xeromal wrote:
       | I was a customer of Simple's for several years and while it
       | didn't pan out and they weren't really a "bank" but lipstick over
       | one, I LOVED the modern touch on what is normally a cumbersome
       | and painful experience.
       | 
       | Kudos to any company that is trying to update the banking system.
       | It could really use it.
        
       | alex_young wrote:
       | " Shashua said the bank will use artificial intelligence and
       | other innovative technologies to meet customer needs."
       | 
       | AI for banking? Something like 'our ML system said you don't
       | qualify for a loan'? Sounds so futuristic!
        
         | andrepd wrote:
         | Not that the current state of affairs is any different. I long
         | for a transparent algorithm (in the sense of "clear set of
         | rules") that determine whether you can get credit or not.
        
           | thatfrenchguy wrote:
           | Good thing ML algorithms results are not even understood by
           | folks who deploy them then :)
        
         | jedberg wrote:
         | Nah, it already works that way. Your credit rating is basically
         | a black box ML model.
        
           | navaati wrote:
           | Woosh :)
        
       | bsaul wrote:
       | I've got a true admiration for this mobile eye cto, after seing a
       | presentation he gave 4 years ago (can be found online), where he
       | explained the current theoretical limitation of ML for autonomous
       | driving, at the time where tesla was saying it was just around
       | the corner.
       | 
       | It takes some guts to publicly state << we have no clue how to do
       | that thing our ex-customer now competitor claims is able to do ,
       | and we think nobody knows how to do it safely, and here's why >>.
       | 
       | It's even more exceptional when you compare it to the gigantic
       | amount of crap that many israelis startup advertize , surfing on
       | the reputation of the country for being a startup nation (i can't
       | count the number of cancer cure that i've seen israelis biotech
       | companies claim)
        
       | joshgoldman wrote:
       | Israel keeps getting better.
        
       | jtchang wrote:
       | I know someone who was seriously trying to start a bank. After
       | all his research he concluded that starting a bank from scratch
       | was cost prohibitive. However buying an existing bank was way
       | easier.
       | 
       | For the US the amount of regulation that banks have to comply
       | with is enormous. I'm not entirely sure all of it is value add.
       | In contrast bitcoin has almost no regulations or controls around
       | it. Is there not anything in between?
        
         | 0x4d464d48 wrote:
         | Banks make loans. Banks are expected to have sufficent cash
         | reserves to service all of their customer accounts. If a bank
         | fails, account holders dont get their money back aside from
         | whats insured by the FDIC and only up to 250k$.
         | 
         | Bitcoins are literally just pieces of a digital ledger system.
         | No loans and all units of account are depedant exclusively on
         | the ledger.
         | 
         | Regulating a bank is required because banks take in capital
         | from account owners and take on additional risk by loaning that
         | capital to others which may or may not get paid back. If banks
         | lose money from bad loans to a point they dont have the cash
         | available to service customer accounts the only thing they can
         | tell people trying to make a withdrawel is 'tough titty'.
         | 
         | You don't have that problem with bitcoin. You get many other
         | problems with it, volatile pricing and a complete inability to
         | control money supply, but that's not one of them.
        
         | liveoneggs wrote:
         | are you kidding? starting a bank in the US is ridiculously easy
         | compared to most countries.
        
           | missedthecue wrote:
           | Don't think that's really true, unless by "most countries"
           | you mean countries where the financial system is exclusively
           | state owned
           | 
           | https://cdn.ilsr.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/number-of-
           | ne...
        
           | ryanmarsh wrote:
           | That's what I thought till I met someone who owned a bank.
        
             | yoavm wrote:
             | That still doesn't mean that starting a bank in the US is
             | harder (or at least as hard) than it is elsewhere, right?
             | Or maybe that person owned banks all around the world?
             | 
             | From reading a little online, it sounds way easier to start
             | a bank in the US than it is in Israel.
        
               | ryanmarsh wrote:
               | LOL then start one
        
         | adrr wrote:
         | Why do you need a banking license? There are lots of challenger
         | banks that have no banking licenses. In between is a money
         | transfer license and just dealing with anti money laundering
         | and know your customer regulations. I don't even think PayPal
         | or square have a banking license. Neither does apple with their
         | apple wallet cash functionality.
        
         | User23 wrote:
         | I looked into this as well. The most amusing aspect in NYS is
         | that to get a banking license at least one of your board
         | members has to be a good ol' boy.
        
           | orhmeh09 wrote:
           | What's that mean? Someone on already another board?
        
             | User23 wrote:
             | Basically. The regulations are intentionally vague and I
             | believe my phrasing most clearly captured their actual
             | operational meaning.
        
               | wdb wrote:
               | Personally, had more problems in EU than in US
        
         | ryanmarsh wrote:
         | I was employee #3 at a startup funded in part by a guy who
         | started a small local bank. I talked to him about his real
         | estate investments and the bank. Upon my inquiry of how one
         | actually starts a bank he replied, "owning property is a right,
         | owning a bank is a privilege". Meaning, merely being wealthy
         | enough to start a bank does not mean one can do so. I wonder
         | how many children he had to sacrifice to moloch to get into the
         | club.
        
         | jedberg wrote:
         | As they say, most safety regulations are written blood and
         | banking regulations are written in lost gold.
         | 
         | Pretty much every regulation is there because at some point
         | someone figured out how to steal money from someone else, and
         | the regulation prevents that. I don't really think there can be
         | an in between.
         | 
         | You either have a totally unregulated market like Bitcoin,
         | where it's incredibly easy to steal from people with absolutely
         | no recourse (not even the courts), or you have what we have now
         | where your money is "safe" and if something happens anyway you
         | can be made whole through the courts, which would then lead to
         | new regulations to prevent that thing from happening again.
        
           | rubicon33 wrote:
           | How is it incredibly easy to steal Bitcoin from someone?
        
             | jedberg wrote:
             | Remember that stealing isn't just one person taking it from
             | another. It's also institutional theft. See Mt. Gox as a
             | prime example. Lots of people lost a lot of bitcoins.
             | 
             | If that were a regulated bank, the government would make
             | them whole.
        
             | iso1210 wrote:
             | $5 wrench*
             | 
             | Far easier with bitcoin than in the olden days when you had
             | to physically transfer cash (and then have the issue of
             | laundering it)
             | 
             | * https://xkcd.com/538/
        
             | igammarays wrote:
             | The amount thieves have gotten away with (several $100m+
             | crypto heists) is comparable to the total amount that has
             | been legitimately spent using crypto for actual goods and
             | services (not counting "investing") in the entire crypto
             | economy.
             | 
             | https://mobile.twitter.com/patio11/status/12295799627740160
             | 0...
        
             | lgessler wrote:
             | i assume gp's talking about double spending
        
               | iso1210 wrote:
               | I didn't get that, but it's a legitimate problem. There's
               | a chance that at some point some organization (say the
               | Chinese government) will have enough resources to
               | takeover the blockchain, at which point you're at the
               | mercy of them, with no recourse.
        
             | CorpOverreach wrote:
             | Maybe "incredibly easy" isn't the right term for _stealing_
             | it - but once it's stolen it's easy to get away with it.
             | This is especially true if you're managing your own
             | wallet/private keys/etc.
             | 
             | If you're not careful with your machine, all it takes is
             | some piece of malware lurking in the background to keylog
             | your password, decrypt your wallet's private key, get the
             | funds transferred from your wallet to the hacker's, and
             | _poof_ all your crypto is gone. That 's game over. It's
             | gone. No court or government can get it back for you unless
             | they send a SWAT team to go steal the private key from the
             | people who stole it from you.
             | 
             | If you're relying on Coinbase or another exchange to host
             | your wallet for you, that's a different story, but at that
             | point they're fulfilling a similar role that a bank does
             | for you.. which to some is entirely what they're trying to
             | get away from by using Bitcoin and such.
        
           | unethical_ban wrote:
           | I understand the concept, but that doesn't justify the level
           | of government interference we have in the banking industry.
           | 
           | I'm in IT security for a financial institution, and we have
           | regulators checking the permissions of our NTP configs and
           | that IPV6 is disabled on our cloud instances.
           | 
           | Those are two trivial examples out of 10,000 I could give on
           | how there is a cottage industry of regulators and consultants
           | and auditors making things over complex, milking money from
           | banks, and generally making it harder to do your job because
           | one time, this one place had this one issue.
           | 
           | Frankly, I'd like to get out of the banking industry because
           | of how stupid all this shit is - most auditors don't even
           | know what they're talking about. It'd be like hiring some HN
           | commenters to review the schematics of the 737 for safety.
        
             | sn_master wrote:
             | What's the advantage of having IPv6 disabled?
        
               | jedberg wrote:
               | If your firewall isn't configured correctly then it's
               | really easy to directly access a host from the internet.
               | It's easier for the regulator to just make sure ipv6 is
               | off (and all of the ipv4 are private addresses) instead
               | of verifying the firewall config.
        
               | sn_master wrote:
               | I see. Might as well just make sure everything is in a
               | VPC.
        
       | shaicoleman wrote:
       | Direct link:
       | 
       | https://www.digibank.co.il/
        
       | mensetmanusman wrote:
       | It uses artificial intelligence, because real intelligence is not
       | an option.
        
         | marshmallow_12 wrote:
         | that's quite a vague statement. Can you elaborate maybe. (if
         | it's offensive, then maybe not)
        
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