[HN Gopher] The productivity of working from home: Evidence from...
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       The productivity of working from home: Evidence from Japan
        
       Author : elsewhen
       Score  : 110 points
       Date   : 2021-03-13 17:33 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (voxeu.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (voxeu.org)
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | max_hammer wrote:
       | I did WFH remotely for 1 year from India. I had a separate room
       | for office and productivity was high.
       | 
       | Moved to Germany staying in 1 Room 36 square meter apartment and
       | can't work from home.
       | 
       | My meetings disturb wife. Her watching TV/Cooking disturbs me.
       | 
       | Now I work from office and feeling more happy. Talking to real
       | people instead of Zoom call and going out to grab some lunch
       | uplifts my mood
        
       | bluepizza wrote:
       | A stubborn refusal to adapt the work practices to a completely
       | new scenario and take advantage from such scenario would be the
       | major factor here, not working from home itself.
       | 
       | One has to ask the actual goal of anyone who refuses to adapt -
       | do they want to perpetuate the current status quo at any cost, or
       | do they actually want to achieve results for the company?
        
       | mkl95 wrote:
       | I have been WFH since early August. These have easily been the
       | most productive months of my life. I am switching to 50% WFH soon
       | and it's not going to be easy at all.
        
       | erikerikson wrote:
       | Comparing a parent's in-office productivity to WFH productivity
       | while providing childcare strikes me as oblivious.
       | 
       | Clearly parents aren't the entire workforce but we're not a minor
       | portion either.
        
       | ekianjo wrote:
       | The ongoing need for consensus in Japan is a WFH productivity
       | killer as well.
        
         | burntoutfire wrote:
         | The consensus culture is a productivity killer regardless of
         | whether everyone's in office or not. Source: I work in a
         | (Scandinavian) company with such culture, he've had the same
         | glacial pace of progress before and after covid. It's basically
         | the freaking UN over here. (In practice, the consensus culture
         | means that people are free to avoid taking on any
         | responsibility or risks regarding making tougher calls
         | themselves - they can always "put it up for a debate" which
         | predictably goes nowhere, as the issue has no real champion).
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | boulos wrote:
       | It's too bad that neither this paper, nor the previous detailed
       | survey one have a breakdown of "reasons for reduced productivity
       | by industry". They report 80% productivity for IT, much less for
       | retail, but it would be nice to see the "top reasons" tables by
       | industry, to tease out "is the IT industry problem mostly bad
       | internet and family distractions?" while Banking / Finance is
       | mostly regulatory?
       | 
       | I do appreciate that they allowed people to enter values above
       | 100 for "more productive". I suspect very few did though. Some
       | box plots would could be illuminating.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://www.rieti.go.jp/en/publications/summary/20090004.htm...
        
       | marm7 wrote:
       | I have 5 teams, with 4-6 devs/SA, my data says we are actually
       | getting 23% more done the last year, due to WFH, comparing with
       | the previous 2 years.
       | 
       | The 23% is the total, some teams have a higher increase due to
       | the "best" teams have not increased with much. The "less better"
       | have a higher increase.
       | 
       | My case, WFH gave me the opportunity to hand out bonuses over the
       | normal bonus and some team members feel less stressed and have
       | time to exercise.
        
       | 29athrowaway wrote:
       | Factors affecting my WFH experience, using the factors from the
       | article:
       | 
       | - Telecommunication environment: a quiet dedicated room.
       | 
       | - Requirements by rules and regulations that some tasks must be
       | conducted in the office: N/A
       | 
       | - Types of work that cannot be completed at home: None
       | 
       | - Distractions from family: Not more than the distractions from
       | people at the office (coffee walks, casual talk, loud
       | conversations outside meeting rooms). I much rather be distracted
       | by my family than some random dude asking about my weekend.
       | 
       | - Private room for work: check
       | 
       | - Loss of face to face communication: Yes, please.
       | 
       | - Lack of pressure from boss, colleagues and subordinates: N/A. I
       | still have the same goals and the same deadlines.
       | 
       | - Interaction with customers: Over zoom.
       | 
       | - Other reasons: N/A
        
         | wreath wrote:
         | > I much rather be distracted by my family than some random
         | dude asking about my weekend.
         | 
         | I never understood this actually. What is so bad/annoying about
         | a colleague asking how was your weekend? When I hear similar
         | things like "Football talk at the water cooler" etc I wonder
         | what makes an individual hate their colleague this much that
         | simple interactions like this become an annoyance.
        
           | 29athrowaway wrote:
           | I never said anything about it being bad or annoying. They
           | are just less relevant than spending more time with my
           | family.
           | 
           | I prefer taking a coffee break at home and talk to my kids
           | rather than some random colleague at work that I will likely
           | never see again in less than 3 years.
        
       | f430 wrote:
       | This country is slowly moving into the digital age but still
       | there is a strong cultural attachment to traditions and "if it
       | isn't broken don't fix it" mentality.
        
         | rsj_hn wrote:
         | Given that in any highly evolved system, the vast majority of
         | mutations are harmful, "if it isn't broken, don't fix it" is a
         | wise principle to follow.
        
           | f430 wrote:
           | hmmm I don't think you've lived in Japan.
        
       | rossdavidh wrote:
       | I feel compelled to point out that WFH in the midst of a
       | pandemic-inspired social media freakout, does not make for a
       | productive state of mind (although I don't know if the social
       | media situation is as bad in Japan as in the U.S. where I live).
       | So it could be that WFH productivity would be better in non-
       | pandemic times.
       | 
       | Nonetheless, and I say this as someone who is by no means opposed
       | to WFH (I have often done it, depending on the contract), the
       | results are not surprising. More work gets done in a dedicated
       | space for work, surrounded by other people engaged in related
       | work, and this is especially true if some of the team members are
       | young and inexperienced. It's the same reason we have gyms for
       | exercise, yoga studios for yoga, art studios for painting, and so
       | on. I'm glad that these researchers tried to measure it, but the
       | results are not at all surprising.
        
         | ineedasername wrote:
         | That's not a universally accurate assessment. It all depends on
         | the nature of the work, the nature of the on-site work
         | environment, and the nature of the at-home work environment.
         | (among other factors).
         | 
         | I have significantly less wasted time working from home. At
         | work, if I have 2 or 3 meetings in a day, that day is
         | practically wasted for other work between walking to the
         | meeting (I work on a large multi-building site), waiting for
         | everyone to arrive, etc. Then it seems like people never want
         | to end a meeting until its scheduled stop time even if we're
         | done after 20 minutes. Then I have to get back to my office...
         | Zoom has changed all of that. Zero time wasted at the beginning
         | or end, and people don't seem to have as much of a problem
         | saying "all right that's all we have, see you later" and ending
         | a meeting early.
         | 
         | I can also get a bit more sleep in the mornings because I don't
         | have to get ready to leave the house, commute, park, get to my
         | office, etc. When the end of the day comes, I'm already home,
         | giving me an automatic hour of extra time each day. You can do
         | a lot with 5 more hours of free time each week. I get to see my
         | kids for more time, especially my youngest, who I watch, as my
         | wife oversees distance learning for the other two.
         | 
         | Even with the added distractions of working with at home with
         | kids present, This past year has been one of the most
         | productive in my entire career.
         | 
         | I'm sure that mine is neither a unique experience, but also not
         | how it works for everyone else. But the mindset that says it's
         | mostly more productive to work on-site is why some places ban
         | WFH, as mine did before the pandemic.
         | 
         | I do, however, agree that WFH is least likely to result in the
         | same or higher level of productivity for junior staff.
        
         | briandear wrote:
         | > It's the same reason we have gyms for exercise, yoga studios
         | for yoga, art studios for painting
         | 
         | No. We have gyms for exercise because there is an economy of
         | scale. Who wants to buy a rowing machine, weight machines,
         | stair machines, etc.
         | 
         | Yoga studios are because people go there to have a class led by
         | an instructor. And most artists don't "go" to a studio, they
         | have a place in their house.
         | 
         | For typing on a computer, there's really not much requirement
         | for an external place unless your house is such that you don't
         | have a desk in which to work.
        
         | bluefirebrand wrote:
         | > More work gets done in a dedicated space for work, surrounded
         | by other people engaged in related work, and this is especially
         | true if some of the team members are young and inexperienced.
         | 
         | More work gets done when you're tired from being up early for
         | your commute, then the commute itself, and surrounded by
         | distracting coworkers? Not for me, not ever again if I can help
         | it.
        
           | tmpz22 wrote:
           | Don't forget the 5 coffee breaks, multi hour conference room
           | meetings, lunch meetings, etc, that can take up half your
           | work week if you give in to that sort of stuff.
        
             | mavelikara wrote:
             | How do you stay caffeinated at home?
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | Caffeine isn't really beneficial for work, right? Most of
               | its effect is because it's addictive and you need to
               | prevent the withdrawal. The point of a break is that it's
               | an excuse to stand up and walk around.
        
               | pdimitar wrote:
               | True, the coffee is just one of the devices to take your
               | mind off things. My ex-girlfriend had a dog and when she
               | was sick I had to walk it 3 times a day. Even though by
               | that time (shortly before our breakup) I didn't like her
               | or her dog, the walks were extremely therapeutic.
               | 
               | All coffee and smoke breaks actually are aimed at taking
               | a step back and gain some small extra energy to keep
               | going.
        
               | yorwba wrote:
               | You should definitely stand up and walk around even when
               | working from home.
        
             | agumonkey wrote:
             | Truth clearly lies in the middle. Maybe on average .. a
             | workplace is a better concentration of means and dedication
             | even though it's obvious that it's a very very inefficient
             | place most of the time.
        
             | anticristi wrote:
             | Call me weird but it feels like those 5 coffee breaks gave
             | me enough situational awareness to avoid 5 hours of
             | meeting.
        
               | bluepizza wrote:
               | Most times it's out of your control, though. Someone else
               | booked the meeting, a higher uo decided you should go,
               | and those hours are lost.
        
           | ip26 wrote:
           | The average commute is 25 minutes, and this means many people
           | have shorter commutes. Just how much is waking up ten minutes
           | earlier going to crater your performance?
           | 
           | (If you are one of those poor souls with a 90 minute commute,
           | I understand your pain, but you shouldn't try to generalize
           | your experience)
        
             | mnahkies wrote:
             | I used to have a 10 minute walk to work, and it was great.
             | I'd take 1-2 days WFH a month still because there was some
             | work that simply needed no interruptions/distractions.
             | 
             | Now I have a 60-75 minute commute over underground, and I'm
             | not looking forward to the return to the office. There's
             | definitely aspects of working where I long for the office,
             | but others where I'm glad for the solitude.
             | 
             | If we have to return 5 days a week I'll probably have to
             | move and pay much more or have a tiny living space.
             | 
             | I value my time more than my comfort so am accepting of
             | this, but it still frustrates me after living the afore
             | mentioned dream.
             | 
             | I'd also note that I regularly start work an hour or two
             | early since working from home - with >2hrs of commuting
             | slashed from my day, if I get a good thought at breakfast
             | why not bash it out?
             | 
             | When you're facing 12hrs as a baseline for your working day
             | it's much less appealing to contribute outside that time.
        
             | heavyset_go wrote:
             | Commutes are responsible for a 9.91% drop in hourly
             | wages[1].
             | 
             | Also, the less time you spend commuting by automobile, the
             | less likely you are to be involved in an expensive,
             | injurious or deadly accident, especially if you're
             | commuting while while you or others are tired in the
             | morning, or are tired after working all day.
             | 
             | [1] https://go.frontier.com/business/commute-calculator
        
             | BlargMcLarg wrote:
             | Pretty sure you're the one generalizing here by
             | specifically selecting the US. A fair number of
             | countries[1] have a far longer commute.
             | 
             | Also consider overuse of cars is a big issue
             | environmentally, while use of public transport tends to
             | increase one's commute (bad schedules, detours).
             | 
             | [1]:
             | https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-
             | trans...
        
             | Timpy wrote:
             | I was acutely aware of how my commute was affecting my
             | lifestyle before WFH became widespread, if you think the
             | only difference is waking up 10 minutes earlier you've lost
             | your mind. You are the one generalizing here.
        
             | rm_-rf_slash wrote:
             | Not all commutes are created equal.
             | 
             | 10 minutes in a car is far less pleasant (to me) than a 25
             | minute walk.
             | 
             | Also 25 minute commute means 50 minutes out of the day,
             | every workday. That adds up.
        
               | wott wrote:
               | > Also 25 minute commute means 50 minutes out of the day,
               | every workday.
               | 
               | Yes, that sums up to over 4 hours per week, i.e. half a
               | working day.
        
               | tolbish wrote:
               | Not to mention getting ready for the commute/getting
               | settled back home which is easily at least half an hour
               | every workday.
        
             | hn8788 wrote:
             | Just having to put on work clothes, do basic grooming,
             | prepare food to take, etc., already adds more than 10
             | minutes, on top of whatever the commute is. Driving to work
             | probably means 8-10 less hours of free time a week, all to
             | go to an office and do the same exact thing I could do at
             | home.
        
               | glogla wrote:
               | You dont do basic groomung and food preparation unless
               | you go to the office?
        
               | hawaiianbrah wrote:
               | Sometimes not?
        
             | jekrb wrote:
             | For me it was less the commute time and more planning
             | around traffic.
             | 
             | Even if the commute was 30 minutes (a good day), I'd
             | usually need to buffer time to plan for being late due to
             | traffic accidents and construction (frequent).
             | 
             | Switching to remote work gave me back at least an hour
             | every morning, and at least 1.5 hours in the evening.
             | Anecdotally this has led to massive performance and quality
             | of life increases.
        
           | leppr wrote:
           | The commute doesn't have to tire you, if you do it only 2-3
           | days per week. Increased workspace flexibility might be one
           | of the biggest wins from this period of forced WFH. I know
           | the thing that tires me most is the boredom from a fixed
           | routine.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | didibus wrote:
         | > and this is especially true if some of the team members are
         | young and inexperienced
         | 
         | I think this is the big one for me, at least with the
         | experience of WFH for Covid, it is so much harder for people to
         | ramp up and learn in a WFH situation, you can't just ask your
         | neighbor about a weird compile issue, or why the IDE isn't able
         | to run your tests and be helped promptly with them just showing
         | you right away. Instead you ask in a Slack, get a slow churn of
         | reponse, nothing helpful enough, so you then schedule an actual
         | short meeting with someone else to walk you over it, etc. And
         | this support doesn't naturally distribute like it would at the
         | office, it seems it's always the same more senior person
         | remotely who has to now help new members in these more formal
         | ways.
         | 
         | I've also seen so much more just confusion around like, what to
         | do, who's doing what, when to do it, etc. Getting everyone
         | aligned and in-sync is much harder. And that adds a lot of
         | overhead and creates a lot more churn I feel to projects.
         | 
         | On the flip side, when you have a clear task to do and you know
         | what needs to be done and it doesn't depend on others, you can
         | really crush through it. And you save a lot of time from
         | commute, launches are faster, etc.
         | 
         | I've also found, appart from Covid, remote work is pretty nice
         | in terms of work/life balance. You can make laundry while you
         | work for example, saving you time in your day.
         | 
         | So I'm still a bit mixed feelings about WFH, I like some aspect
         | of it, mostly no commute, convenience of being at home so I can
         | easily cook my launches at launch time, do some laundry or have
         | the oven repair person show up and manage them while I work and
         | all that. But I also feel doing the actual day to day work is
         | harder, the coordination overhead is pretty high, and everyone
         | is more siloed, so anything that involves collaboration has
         | more friction.
        
         | Guest42 wrote:
         | For me, I think it depends on the office layout/vibe vs. the
         | home layout/vibe. I feel much more productive at home as I
         | don't have to listen to all the conversations surrounding me
         | and if a manager stopped by they would often feel compelled to
         | say something. Communicating via email is much more deliberate.
         | Also, it seems as though the places I've worked have opted to
         | silo projects and give them to individuals in a way that
         | minimizes collaboration. It's also nice for people that are
         | invited to a number of meetings for things that don't directly
         | affect them to be able to multi-task at those times.
         | 
         | I also think that being watched produces a certain level of
         | anxiety that is counter-productive.
        
           | epr wrote:
           | > I feel much more productive at home as I don't have to
           | listen to all the conversations surrounding me
           | 
           | I know this isn't a problem for most people, but this is such
           | a huge issue for me. If you are talking in my vicinity, my
           | brain locks on to your speech and prevents me from thinking
           | about anything else. Unless I am listening to someone else
           | speaking that is closer to me / louder there is no way to
           | mentally block this out. If I'm trying to program and someone
           | is talking near me, my productivity drops by maybe 80%. I
           | either put on noise cancelling headphones, ask people to talk
           | elsewhere (which irritates people who don't understand), or
           | get nothing done.
        
             | Guest42 wrote:
             | Exactly, it makes it particularly difficult to do something
             | new that requires creativity or intense thought.
        
             | tra3 wrote:
             | I dont think you're alone in this at all, as evidenced by
             | the prevalence of headphones in open plan areas.
        
           | orzig wrote:
           | Yes, and I think that so many internet conversations would
           | benefit from an explicit reminder that "People are
           | different", and "Groups of people (teams) are even more
           | different", so we should bear in mind that any average has a
           | wide standard deviation, likely spanning the positive and
           | negative domains
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | superflit wrote:
         | Sorry.
         | 
         | *We* are not going back.
         | 
         | Not going back to long commutes. Open office plans and office
         | politics.
         | 
         | Not going back to cheap lunch in a plastic/cardboard box that
         | costs a lot.
         | 
         | Not going back to paying high rent in bad cities without any
         | quality.
         | 
         | Not going back to frivolous meeting.
         | 
         | Now after almost 2 years we have proved that yes the company
         | can be run remotely, several things that were "not possible"
         | are and the ultimate thing:
         | 
         | We can choose where we want to live and with whom.
         | 
         | We are not going back as same we are not going back to cable
         | anymore.
        
           | onetimemanytime wrote:
           | You think you are not...
        
           | krapp wrote:
           | You're not going to have a say in the matter, and I think
           | you're going to be surprised at how many companies consider
           | WFH to have been an unavoidable aberration from a status quo
           | they intend to return to as quickly as possible.
        
             | SyzygistSix wrote:
             | Workers not having a say regarding working conditions?
             | Sounds like a recipe for poor morale and productivity.
        
           | hawaiianbrah wrote:
           | Office politics exist regardless
        
           | tolbish wrote:
           | Two years? Did I miss something?
        
           | closeparen wrote:
           | Not going back to paying developed-country wages.
        
             | charlesu wrote:
             | Speak for yourself. I'm in no way concerned about remote
             | work depressing wages. Competition has always been global.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | bluepizza wrote:
             | Which started happening some 15 years ago when outsourcing
             | development to India started getting traction.
        
         | throwaway53453 wrote:
         | I want the option, because one day my mind might change if I
         | have a family, but right now I absolutely hate WFH as a new-
         | grad. I feel like I've learned almost nothing since March (or
         | if I have, it's taken way too long).
        
         | emptysongglass wrote:
         | I've never been more productive at work than during this
         | pandemic. I don't want to be surrounded by an audio maelstrom
         | thanks to open office (who actually thought this was a good
         | idea?)
         | 
         | Coworkers and bosses ambling over to my desk for a "quick"
         | interruption? Meetings that only make the meeting makers feel
         | like they've accomplished something? No thanks.
         | 
         | I create a space of discipline at home _with_ discipline. If
         | the only thing keeping you from indulging in whatever
         | Clubhouse-flavor-of-the-week distraction is the enforcement of
         | order from above, you need to take a strong look at what is
         | motivating you to work your job in the first place. I
         | specifically exempt parents: my condolences for the chaos that
         | must be to your peace.
         | 
         | We need to stop treating employees like automatons to be filled
         | by the directives of middle management and start trusting them
         | to produce.
        
         | anticristi wrote:
         | > I feel compelled to point out that WFH in the midst of a
         | pandemic-inspired social media freakout, does not make for a
         | productive state of mind
         | 
         | Not to mention the constant "we lock / we don't lock", "kids go
         | to school / kids don't go to school".
        
         | jahewson wrote:
         | Funny I just said last week to my wife that I doubt I'd ever go
         | back to a yoga studio and probably not a gym. It's just so much
         | more convenient and comfortable to do these things at home.
         | Especially with kids around.
        
           | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
           | To each their own, but I'd point out that a huge reason
           | people go to gyms/studios to work out is for the social and
           | structured aspect of it, and there is a ton of evidence that
           | working out with others or gym partners leads to much more
           | consistent progress, statistically speaking. That is a big
           | reason all of the recent Peloton and Peloton-esque programs
           | fundamentally include a group social aspect.
           | 
           | I've always had the ability to work out from home, and during
           | the pandemic I've pretty much had to, but I greatly prefer
           | going to the gym. I'm really not social at all, but I just
           | feel like I can get much more "in the zone" at a gym than my
           | house.
        
           | reader_mode wrote:
           | If you have the luxury of space to load up a rack and some
           | dumbbells - but it doesn't sound realistic for most people.
           | Plus gyms are everywhere these days - it's easy to slide them
           | into work commute so you don't have the time overhead of
           | going there/back.
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | The reason to go to the gym is because my kids are not there.
        
             | rossdavidh wrote:
             | I love my daughter, and did just as much when she was a
             | youngster, but I think many dedicated spaces are a benefit
             | because they allow for greater focus, because the kids (or
             | spouse or parent or...) are not there. I have seen no data
             | on it, but I have the impression that experienced workers
             | with no dependents do better in a WFH environment, than
             | either new hires or people with family at home.
        
           | bulek wrote:
           | Depends what you're going to the gym for. If it's just to
           | lift weights, sure, reasonable safety precautions and you're
           | good to go at home. If you're into martial arts, gyms are a
           | hard requirement.
        
         | thaumasiotes wrote:
         | > More work gets done in a dedicated space for work, surrounded
         | by other people engaged in related work
         | 
         | I don't think that first part ("dedicated space for work") is
         | so significant.
         | 
         | In my experience working remotely answering bug bounty reports,
         | what most helped with working was the presence of a chat
         | channel containing the rest of the team. It was used, in part,
         | to discuss or ask for help with difficult reports, but
         | primarily for making fun of stupid reports. (One of my
         | favorites in this category being "If I zoom in too far on your
         | mobile app, the text starts to become blurry.")
         | 
         | That might not sound especially productive, but you can't do it
         | if you're not looking at the reports. You could view the
         | channel more abstractly as providing irregular notifications of
         | the form "I just did some work" -- participating requires you
         | to do some work, and that helps you keep working.
        
           | lupire wrote:
           | Why is it stupid? Vector fonts should render smoothly at all
           | scales.
        
             | thaumasiotes wrote:
             | It might legitimately be a bug in the app, if you're on the
             | UI team. It's stupid because it was reported to the
             | security team, and it has no security implications
             | whatever. Nobody pays UI bounties.
        
               | yunohn wrote:
               | Well, did you forward it to the UI team...?
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | Maybe you should pay UI bounties. You're certainly losing
               | money if customers leave because your app sucks.
        
               | jrockway wrote:
               | Users are going to use whatever mechanism to provide
               | feedback that they find first. They don't know what's a
               | security issue, what's a bug, what's a sales request, and
               | what's a support request. All I can say is that I hope
               | whatever system you use for collecting security reports
               | is shared by those other teams, and you just change the
               | "security" tag to "ui" and move on. Because if you don't
               | do that, you know whoever is reading that "ui bug" queue
               | also has a slack channel where they make fun of people
               | filing security reports as ui bugs, and then proceed to
               | drop them on the floor.
               | 
               | Always be careful about shipping your org chart.
        
         | UncleOxidant wrote:
         | > So it could be that WFH productivity would be better in non-
         | pandemic times.
         | 
         | I tend to think this is likely true. I also tend to think that
         | WFH productivity is improving as people adjust to it. A lot of
         | people who found themselves suddenly WFH had to setup a
         | workspace, buy a decent chair,desk, etc. There were also mental
         | adjustments. Now people are pretty used to it and it's become
         | the new normal. Going back to an office (if we do that) is also
         | going to mean a performance hit as well because people will
         | have to adjust to that change. Any kind of major change is
         | going to lead to a performance hit for a period of time as
         | people adjust to it.
        
       | jiofih wrote:
       | > from the employer's viewpoint
       | 
       | This being purely subjective, and especially based on employers'
       | assessments only, discredits the entire study. And on top of
       | that, these are not normal conditions - people are obviously
       | under way more pressure and in fragile states due to the
       | pandemic.
        
         | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
         | Agreed, subjective studies like this are worse than useless,
         | because they're destined to just reflect the inherent biases of
         | the respondents.
         | 
         | IIRC Google did have some objective data that purely looked at
         | average commit rates and lines of code before and after working
         | from home, and they saw a significant decrease in productivity
         | during WFH (again, to your point, this was pretty early on in
         | the pandemic and tons of people were dealing with childcare
         | issues, etc.)
         | 
         | I remember people commenting "oh, lines of code, ha ha, you
         | can't use that to measure productivity", and while that may be
         | true for comparing individuals and groups, across a very large
         | sample size over time (i.e. all Google developers), this is
         | actually an excellent objective metric to gauge productivity.
        
       | tpmx wrote:
       | It's kind of weird that they included manufacturing and retail in
       | the mix.
        
         | rossdavidh wrote:
         | At least they split it out and show different productivity for
         | different fields.
        
       | ipatec wrote:
       | I don't believe Japan is a good example. Having worked for a
       | Japanese company for about 4.5 years I was really wondering how
       | they handle the WFH. Japanese companies are very hierarchical and
       | permanent reviews and monitoring are required in order to reach a
       | decision. I can see WFH not being as efficient as office
       | presence.
        
         | manmal wrote:
         | Off-topic, maybe you have an answer to this: How do the
         | Japanese work so much? I read that they have naps in the
         | office, but still - I think I would burn out super quick.
        
           | tpmx wrote:
           | No direct experience with working in Japan, but in Taiwan
           | people rested their heads on a pillow on the work desk to nap
           | for an hour after lunch. So essentially shifting some of the
           | sleep time at home towards sleep time at work.
           | 
           | Never quite understood the thinking behind that. My hunch is
           | that I'm not understanding "face" properly.
        
             | manmal wrote:
             | That's what I was referring to, yes. I heard of a situation
             | during a merger where the Japanese delegation took turns
             | sleeping, while the other delegation was up all day. As a
             | consequence, the Japanese delegation got their way because
             | they had more stamina.
        
               | brigandish wrote:
               | Sleeping at work is sometimes allowed because it's
               | accepted there is such a chronic lack of sleep generally.
               | If they were taking turns sleeping it means they probably
               | already were overworked and needed a nap. The story
               | sounds like "history is written by the victors" or just
               | more fetishing of Japan.
        
               | tasogare wrote:
               | No this is different. Lot of Taiwanese companies have the
               | after-lunch rest (source: Taiwanese friends). I never
               | heard as such for Japanese companies.
        
           | GuB-42 wrote:
           | > How do the Japanese work so much?
           | 
           | Simple answer, they don't.
           | 
           | They spend a lot of time at work looking busy, but they don't
           | actually do that much actual work. For me (a lazy Frenchman),
           | Americans are the hardest working people I know in terms of
           | actual productive work.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | BlargMcLarg wrote:
           | Blind guess: they actually are permanently in a state of
           | pseudo burn-out and combat it through various means, a less
           | individualistic mentality and gradually drop their ambition
           | to prevent it from increasing. Also, just in general going at
           | a really slow pace to stay sane.
        
           | brigandish wrote:
           | It's not productive "work", it's desk warming because it's
           | just as important (if not more) to _show_ you 're working
           | than do work. Japan is horribly unproductive[1]:
           | 
           | > Japan ranks twenty-first for labor productivity among the
           | 36 nations of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and
           | Development, according to the Japan Productivity Center's
           | International Comparison of Labor Productivity report. Based
           | on OECD data, the report found that Japan's per-hour labor
           | productivity in 2018 was $46.8 (equivalent in purchasing
           | power to Y=4,744); this is less than half the $102.3 level in
           | Ireland and roughly 60% the $74.7 level in the United States.
           | The government has raised "work-style reform" as a key task
           | and aimed to lift productivity, but Japan has continued to be
           | dead last among Group of Seven nations since 1970, when
           | survey records were first available.
           | 
           | Once I realised that the culture is based on far more on
           | appearance than truth, so many things made sense that hadn't
           | before.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.nippon.com/en/japan-
           | data/h00619/japan%E2%80%99s-...
        
         | tpmx wrote:
         | Yeah, I think many are aware that Japan has a pretty special
         | work culture, especially when it comes to the importance of
         | butts-in-seats.
        
         | bluepizza wrote:
         | Every time any subject contains "Japan", it always devolves
         | into cultural explanations. There are plenty cultures around
         | the planet that are hierarchical, consensus based, or both.
         | 
         | It's baffling to me that Japan is always singled out in these
         | situations. If the same news was about any of our neighbours
         | (South Korea, China, Taiwan) the amount of cultural
         | explanations would be much smaller, and the discussion would be
         | much more focused on the fundamental principles of the problem.
         | 
         | I understand that we are guilty of furthering this sort of
         | discussion, but it is really frustrating to me.
        
           | uranusjr wrote:
           | I live in Taiwan. News from Japan usually needs accompanying
           | cultural explanations even here. People from Taiwan, China,
           | and South Korea have difficulties understanding the situation
           | even we're lifelong neighbours. Yes, Japan is that freaking
           | unique.
        
             | tasogare wrote:
             | Any link to an article that would illustrate that? I've
             | been in Taiwan a bunch of times, live in Japan and on the
             | contrary Japan, while having a good image there, is not a
             | single-outed as it is in the West. The cultural gap between
             | Taiwan and Japan is infinitely smaller than between Japan
             | and more remote places. Taiwan was even part of Japan at
             | some point, so while only the most elderly lived it, I
             | really doubt cultural explanations are needed as you claim
             | they are.
        
         | walshemj wrote:
         | And I suspect the tiny nature of most Japanese homes where its
         | very unlikely you will have a spare separate room.
        
       | tpmx wrote:
       | > Factors affecting adoption and productivity of WFH:
       | 
       | > "The requirements by rules and regulations that some tasks must
       | be conducted in the office": 57.7% (part of a multiple answers
       | question)
        
       | lmilcin wrote:
       | My subjective data is that overall productivity as measured by
       | output has roughly stayed at the same level, but this is only
       | because people I work with are now more available after hours and
       | are more likely to work long hours.
       | 
       | I expect then productivity to fall when people start feeling
       | burnout. I also feel new joiners don't get nearly enough
       | attention and their productivity is impaired from the start.
       | People who have worked for couple of years are getting more time
       | for their tasks only because they have easier time fending off
       | distractions -- but tasks behind those distractions don't
       | necessarily go away and probably amass in some kind of technical
       | / organizational debt due to less casual communication.
        
       | jeeeb wrote:
       | One thing I think is worth considering is the effect of living
       | spaces on WFH enjoyment/productivity.
       | 
       | There's a lot less living space in the typical Japanese
       | house/apartment compared to the much of the west. A lot of the
       | apartments young people live in in the cities are little more
       | than bedrooms with a kitchen area and unit bathroom attached,
       | often with poor natural lighting to boot. That wouldn't be a
       | pleasant space to work months on end in.
       | 
       | I lived for a number of years in a "2DK" (2x rooms +
       | dining/kitchen) apartment in Tokyo. While a reasonable size by
       | Tokyo standards, frankly it was small and cramped. I can't
       | imagine really enjoying WFH there.
       | 
       | Comparatively, I now live in Australia in a house with about 4x
       | the floor area of that apartment. WFH here is great - I can start
       | the day at the dining table while eating breakfast, move to my
       | study during the day and then when I feel like a change I can
       | move to the couch in the afternoon. I could even sit in the
       | garden if I wanted. It's a great environment for focusing on a
       | particular task.
       | 
       | We're doing 3 days in the office currently and I'm pushing to
       | maintain that - office for collaboration and team building, home
       | for focusing.
       | 
       | In Japan in comparison the current discussion seems to be about
       | more people moving to the regions. That helps solve the living
       | space problem but makes in office collaboration harder. It will
       | be interesting to see if the trend sticks.
        
       | eivarv wrote:
       | Somewhat weird. From my own experience during the pandemic (two
       | organizations, from lead to manager), productivity has been
       | higher than ever.
       | 
       | I kinda suspected this, as I'd been doing certain work from home
       | earlier - but I was always surprised to hear leadership exclaim
       | their fears about WFH, and their suspicions of both efficiency
       | and productivity.
       | 
       | The worst part is, though, that many are vying for a swift return
       | to a traditional colocated work-place - even though they agree
       | that the current situation works fine (pandemic, and its
       | specifics aside). I've even heard some say it's different to
       | actually be able to pop up and peek over their employees
       | shoulders, to see "what they're actually doing", even in cases
       | things are going better than planned already...
        
         | itronitron wrote:
         | I think a lot of managers measure their own performance by how
         | many faces they have spoken with over the course of the day.
        
         | nitwit005 wrote:
         | I was working from home two days a week at one company, and my
         | immediate manager pressed me to reduce it to one day. I
         | mentioned that he'd lose an hour and a half of my productivity
         | to the commute, and he just nodded.
         | 
         | Rarely saw him in the office. He wanted the concept of me being
         | there.
        
           | eivarv wrote:
           | Jibes with my own experience.
           | 
           | It infuriates me to no end that (bad) leaders would rather go
           | by their own _feeling of_ control, rather than look at the
           | numbers.
        
         | GuB-42 wrote:
         | This is Japan, very different work culture compared to the
         | western world.
        
       | rvba wrote:
       | > This column uses survey data from Japan
       | 
       | Survey data is completely unreliable.
       | 
       | Lots of companies never reply, since they wont even trust if
       | their own data will not be used against them. Those who reply can
       | have an agenda.
        
       | atleta wrote:
       | I expected it to be a usual "WFH improves efficiency" (without
       | much data) piece, so I'm surprised.
       | 
       | Working from home is different, definitely has its own issues
       | those need to be solved and may not work for all
       | teams/companies/roles and/or all the time. But what occurred to
       | me after actually reading the article is that if WFH is what a
       | lot of people want, it might one of the ways we'll handle the
       | fact that due to increased general productivity a lot of jobs
       | won't have to be 40 hours/week. (Actually, as far as I'm aware,
       | it's already around 35 hours on average in Germany.) So instead
       | of cutting back to 30, you might be able choose to work (mostly)
       | from home at a 70%-ish efficiency.
       | 
       | (Disclaimer: I've spent most of the past 10+ years working
       | remotely. Mostly from home, sometimes from coworking places. Now
       | those were fun _and_ a productivity killer for sure.)
        
       | nostromo wrote:
       | I'd like to see more follow on research in normal times.
       | 
       | Right now, travel is difficult, restaurants are closed, events
       | are nonexistent, etc., etc.
       | 
       | So, yes, people may mostly be working ok (if not great) at home
       | -- but I wonder if that will be the same when the outside world
       | isn't so dire and boring.
        
         | s0rce wrote:
         | This has a big impact for me. I'll go on some hikes on the
         | local trails but other than that I'm not doing much. No longer
         | trips, no seeing friends, not going out to eat, no travel, etc.
         | My job is pretty interesting and I can work on various longer
         | term interesting projects so I'll do that if I feel like it
         | while I otherwise might have done non-work stuff.
        
       | anotherevan wrote:
       | "You are not working from home; you are at your home during a
       | crisis trying to work."
        
       | isaacgreyed wrote:
       | Does anyone know anything about japenese office culture that
       | might be relevant to this? Maybe part of the SV culture like open
       | offices makes this a whole different deal then how japan is.
        
         | astrange wrote:
         | Open offices and micromanagement are the default in Japan, we
         | didn't invent them. It's actually a lot worse there because the
         | culture is much more intense and yet the pay is low.
        
       | sologoub wrote:
       | Looks like we are comparing productivity of well established
       | routines, child care, lower overall stress and uncertainty, with
       | the pandemic induced disruption, loss of childcare and many other
       | social services, isolation, inability to optimize working
       | conditions and so on. Any surprises that NOT being under constant
       | threat of death, and for parents having to juggle childcare as
       | well, is a lot more productive?
        
       | asperous wrote:
       | Employers generally do not have clear quantitive measures of
       | employee performance [1]. With that in mind this informal survey
       | is more likely gauging management's _perception_ of work
       | performance... also during a highly unusual time.
       | 
       | I'm not sure this survey can really speak to WFH. We need higher
       | quality evidence than this.
       | 
       | [1] Woods and West, The psychology of work and organizations,
       | 2020
        
         | Dudeman112 wrote:
         | I'll hold on to accepting WFH articles as valid when there
         | isn't a pandemic around and lock downs all over the world.
        
       | monkeydust wrote:
       | 3 days office. 2 days home.
       | 
       | That's what most people want where I work.
        
         | wott wrote:
         | I really don't like this kind of in-between.
         | 
         | * You're still stuck having to live near your work place
         | (unless you are one of the few people who enjoy extra-long
         | commutes).
         | 
         | * You need to have your stuff in two places, or move it several
         | time a week (if you need or like to have stuff).
         | 
         | * It is a mess to coordinate, to know who's going to be there
         | or not; if you hoped to meet Person A and Person B in the same
         | stay; and so on.
         | 
         | * Remote becomes second class citizen. A remote situation which
         | isn't thought as remote-first organisation is a pain. Too much
         | information circulates off-band. Decision are taken without
         | people which were remote that day. You basically just wait for
         | people to come physically to get things done. Remote becomes
         | some sort of bastardised day off.
        
         | ganoushoreilly wrote:
         | This is the best of both worlds I think. I've always allowed
         | employees to work their own hours as long as we tend to a core
         | of 10-2. Some had 4 day work weeks, and worked in the office,
         | many others would do one day in, one day out or some other
         | combination. I find it makes it easier for people to co-
         | ordinate normal life tasks like going to the bank etc. as well
         | as work around all those things that pop up.
         | 
         | We're definitely going to see more hybridization and I think
         | now that the number crunchers realize they can save on physical
         | space (we cut down our 5 offices to only one still active), the
         | savings will far outweigh the losses on paper.
         | 
         | I do think there is value in understanding nuance with an in
         | person conversation though so i'm not sure 100% WF is the best
         | long term plan.
        
         | rossdavidh wrote:
         | I have done that before, and it worked well. Not completely
         | without downsides, but definitely the best of both worlds (for
         | programmers, anyway).
        
         | ipaddr wrote:
         | It sounds good but you don't have a decicated workspace as
         | everyone rotates pods and you lose the face to face advantage
         | because no one is there on on the same days because there are
         | not enough seats / pods. Everyone ends up coming in for
         | townhall type meetings and there are not enough workspaces.
        
           | cobalt wrote:
           | depends on where you work. my last job did that (~20
           | engineers) and everyone had a dedicated desk
        
       | siliconc0w wrote:
       | Somewhat ironically I'm actually _more_ collaborative w / WFH
       | because in the office there was no way to have a quick
       | unscheduled conversation with someone. Meeting spaces were always
       | occupied and talking at the crammed together desks annoys
       | everyone. Even ignoring the commuting, health, or 'quiet space is
       | good for productivity' arguments, contention for quiet meeting
       | space is the fatal scalability flaw with open offices.
        
       | lgunsch wrote:
       | My own experience working from home probably follows this. I've
       | gone back to work now, but I spent 6 months working at home. At
       | the end it took me 12 hours of time to make up an 8 hour work
       | day. It was just not sustainable for me.
        
         | asciimov wrote:
         | My partner has had the opposite experience. They can typically
         | knock out their work in 4-5 hours. Also, they have gained back
         | a total commute time of ~2.5 hrs per day. That's like 24 extra
         | days they've gotten back this past year in commute alone (24
         | DAYS!).
         | 
         | Granted they are privileged enough to have their own home
         | office, with a door and are able to play music without
         | headphones, and have no kids. As opposed to the office, which
         | is in a cube farm.
        
           | astrange wrote:
           | If you're living with someone and had a long commute you're
           | in a more ideal situation for WFH. (I mean, if you had kids
           | it'd probably be even more ideal, not less.)
           | 
           | I live alone and practically next to my office, so while
           | there's still advantages it mainly means I have to do chores
           | more often and cook a lot more.
        
       | toptal wrote:
       | This research paper from Harvard concludes the exact opposite and
       | is much better researched:
       | 
       | https://www.hbs.edu/ris/Publication%20Files/Work%20from%20An...
       | 
       | I'm sure the culture, infrastructure, and other variables as they
       | relate to a company have an ability to greatly change the
       | outcome.
        
       | maxrev17 wrote:
       | I don't think you can generalise. In an open plan office with
       | tonnes of pointless meetings, and only able to help one person at
       | a time with queries (as a tech lead), I've found working from
       | home enabled me to be far more productive. I guess company
       | culture, your role etc. All play a part.
        
         | astrange wrote:
         | Note Japanese companies typically use the worst possible open-
         | office layout, where everyone sits in a row next to their
         | manager and competes to be the last to leave the office so they
         | won't look lazy.
        
       | brigandish wrote:
       | > "Some tasks cannot be conducted at home although these are not
       | required by the rules and regulations"
       | 
       | Anyone know where the Hanko stamp is?
        
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