[HN Gopher] Toward Confidential Cloud Computing
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       Toward Confidential Cloud Computing
        
       Author : hacksilver
       Score  : 37 points
       Date   : 2021-03-13 12:25 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (queue.acm.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (queue.acm.org)
        
       | jnwatson wrote:
       | Confidential computing is one of those "nerd snipes". It is
       | really interesting from a technical challenges and academic
       | research perspective.
       | 
       | Practically, hyperjacking or compromise through the cloud
       | provider is really low on the list of security issues.
        
         | ENOTTY wrote:
         | I think Confidential Computing undersells the idea of "Attested
         | Computing". For example, when users send data into the cloud,
         | remote attestation can give them some confidence that data will
         | be used according to the terms of consent.
        
       | doodlebugging wrote:
       | Good paper so far but I wonder whether we got the final version
       | of it.
       | 
       | In the Confidential AI section we encounter ??? as if there is an
       | incomplete thought or more to be added here.
       | 
       | >The enclave may, for example, enforce differential privacy by
       | limiting the number of times the model is queried and adding
       | noise to their results. ????
       | 
       | I thought this might be a one-off but I made it into the Key
       | Management and Attestation Services section and found several
       | more clustered.
       | 
       | >The TEE may then use these credentials to access tenant data. It
       | may, for example, present a token issued by the attestation
       | service to obtain the current decryption key from an HSM. ????
       | 
       | This one even has an incomplete sentence at the start.
       | 
       | >Thus, the service can support precise, stateful policy
       | statements of the form, ???This task must run within an SGX
       | enclave, on an Intel SGX v2.1 platform, deployed in the German
       | Azure data center, in a VM allocated to the tenant, supported by
       | certificates that are valid as of today,??? rather than just,
       | ???This task must run within an enclave.???
       | 
       | Near the end in the Code Transparency discussion there is another
       | case where perhaps they intended to phrase something differently.
       | 
       | >The code transparency service can also be used to mitigate
       | software supply chain?? attacks, because it provides auditable
       | provenance and chain-of-custody for a software bill of materials
       | (SBoM).
       | 
       | There is a lot of great information in this paper about the
       | direction that is currently being taken to build a system where
       | cloud data can be reliably guaranteed to be encrypted and
       | protected from unauthorized access using hardware and software
       | tools. I am no expert on this but I do follow emerging trends and
       | research just for the opportunity to learn outside my own
       | discipline.
       | 
       | I see in the biographies that most of the authors are associated
       | with Microsoft. Perhaps the corrected version of this will come
       | on the next Patch Tuesday? (LOL)
       | 
       | That is not intended as a knock on Microsoft. I have used
       | Microsoft OSes, software tools, and hardware (still use a Windows
       | Phone in fact) since the mid-1980's when I was in college. When I
       | saw Russinovich on the author list I knew that the quality of the
       | work would be pretty high. I have a high level of trust in him
       | and the tools that he has built over the years.
        
         | JW_00000 wrote:
         | I think the question marks are artifacts of converting the
         | article to HTML. The PDF linked at the top doesn't have them,
         | and in some places they correspond to "curly quotes".
        
       | eqvinox wrote:
       | > _At the lowest level of the stack, the hardware must be able to
       | provide a TEE (trusted execution environment) that isolates the
       | code and data of a given confidential workload from any other
       | code running in a system--including code running at the highest
       | privilege levels. [...] This in turn requires a hardware root of
       | trust to hold the platform root secrets and signing keys, and a
       | public-key infrastructure to endorse these keys. [...]_
       | 
       | Uh... no... what "the hardware must be able to provide" is a
       | platform that _I_ , the cloud user, trust. It's nice that the
       | manufacturer installed some hardware key somewhere, but that just
       | means the manufacturer can maybe trust this key. If the NSA or
       | China wants my data, they'll just supply-chain-attack and replace
       | whatever entity contains these keys with something else. The
       | manufacturer might be able to determine that this replacement
       | happened / trust is no longer established, but _I can 't_.
       | 
       | And, unfortunately, supply chain attacks like this are exactly
       | what we're seeing, e.g. https://arstechnica.com/tech-
       | policy/2014/05/photos-of-an-nsa...
       | 
       | NB: you don't even have to replace the TPM/Processor/... with an
       | identical, tampered component. You just need something that
       | behaves the same as far as I can see. It could be some huge-ass
       | FPGA board programmed to emulate shit and I wouldn't be able to
       | tell as long as they got the emulation right. After all I can't
       | go physically inspect the server...
        
         | bpye wrote:
         | How would you know to trust the platform you are running on
         | without some sort of hardware key and attestation? You need to
         | be able to determine from your guest that you are running in
         | this confidential environment rather than in some emulation,
         | and I don't know of any other way to do this than attestation.
         | 
         | Additionally we are not talking about separate TPMs today much
         | of the time, rather there will be some environment on the same
         | package or the same die as your AP providing this TEE so you
         | cannot trivially intercept that bus.
        
         | ENOTTY wrote:
         | What features of a hardware platform would cause you to trust
         | it?
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | >NB: you don't even have to replace the TPM/Processor/... with
         | an identical, tampered component. You just need something that
         | behaves the same as far as I can see. It could be some huge-ass
         | FPGA board programmed to emulate shit and I wouldn't be able to
         | tell as long as they got the emulation right.
         | 
         | Getting the emulation right is nontrivial because you also need
         | to extract the hardware key that's on the processor, otherwise
         | remote attestation won't work.
         | 
         | Also, there are plenty of use cases for confidential computing
         | that don't involve hiding from the NSA. For instance, if you
         | simply don't want amazon (or their workers/contractors) to see
         | your data.
        
       | throwawaysea wrote:
       | We need not just confidential computing but censorship proof
       | computing. I don't think the "cloud" is the model to grant either
       | because it is centralized.
        
         | bpye wrote:
         | What do you mean by this? A cloud provider can always choose to
         | not run a VM, how would we provide censorship proof compute?
        
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