[HN Gopher] Overview of Early Electric Cars
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Overview of Early Electric Cars
        
       Author : rsj_hn
       Score  : 53 points
       Date   : 2021-03-11 11:34 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.lowtechmagazine.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.lowtechmagazine.com)
        
       | fy20 wrote:
       | Does anyone have any reading material on the history of control
       | systems of electric vehicles? Today most EVs use AC motors with a
       | inverter - a bunch of power transistors - that convert DC to AC,
       | adjusting the frequency as required by the motor (that's what the
       | hum you hear is). However obviously that wasn't the case 100
       | years ago, or even 50 years ago when electric (trolley) buses
       | were still used in many parts of the world.
        
         | VBprogrammer wrote:
         | Electric trams of the era used essentially large resistors
         | banks and series parallel switching to control power. I expect
         | it was much the same for electric cars, perhaps tapping off or
         | rewiring part of the battery bank. The total amount of power
         | probably made simple on-off control almost practical anyway.
        
       | mattlondon wrote:
       | It is interesting to see sentiment change over the years on
       | hacker news.
       | 
       | First EVs were too expensive. Then they were too slow/couldn't
       | tow. Then the range was too small.
       | 
       | Now people are griping that they can't "refuel" in 5 mins.
       | 
       | I guess we will see what the next excuse becomes for people to
       | continue polluting and why EVs "aren't ready" for their
       | hypothetical/once-a-year/niche needs.
       | 
       | Sigh.
        
         | donjoe wrote:
         | Consider living in the early 2000s and replace 'digital camera'
         | vs 'analog camera' with 'dinosaur burning vehicles' vs
         | 'electric vehicles'.
         | 
         | Same discussion, different technology. We all know how it ended
         | -\\_(tsu)_/-
        
         | Hypx wrote:
         | The fundamental problem is that EVs might be doomed once fuel
         | cell cars come around. Nearly all of the criticism of this
         | argument are just a mirror of the arguments against EVs (often
         | made by pro-EV people no less).
         | 
         | So the real misunderstanding isn't with anti-EV people, but
         | with pro-EV denying that there's a future beyond EVs.
        
           | Gibbon1 wrote:
           | I think fuel cells window of opportunity is closing fast and
           | they have no traction despite a lot of investment.
           | 
           | EV's weight penalty is going away as battery energy density
           | relentlessly increases. EV's capital expense penalty is also
           | going away due to mass manufacturing improvements.
           | 
           | Charging infrastructure for EV's is basically a last 50 foot
           | problem. Running 30 amp 240 circuit from a breaker box to an
           | external outlet. Compare with the infrastructure needed for
           | the 'hydrogen economy'. Every bit of it needs to be designed
           | and built from scratch. Countries have built stuff like that
           | but it takes decades. We don't have decades.
        
             | Hypx wrote:
             | You can't build a "lead" as if this was a race. For one
             | thing, there's no finish line. There's nothing stopping
             | fuel cell cars from having their own technology revolution
             | and a S-curve like adoption curve that displaces everything
             | else. This could happen ever after EVs "win" over internal
             | combustion so to speak. It's fully possible that EVs are
             | still on-track to being replaced no matter what happens
             | next.
             | 
             | The other thing is that we still have to pay attention to
             | fundamental limitations. There are hard limits to battery
             | energy density that likely to never be crossed. Extremely
             | fast-charging will probably always be limited by its high
             | power power draw. Meanwhile, fuel cell technology is
             | advancing extremely quickly in its own right. We could be
             | seeing fuel cell cars that cost as much as a Corolla[1],
             | and cost only $1.5/kg[2] to refuel (or about 2-3C/ per
             | mile). In a world were fuel cell cars cost <$20k and are
             | cheaper to run than EVs, while also delivering 400 miles of
             | range and 5-minute refueling times, EVs quickly lose much
             | of their luster.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.thedrive.com/tech/26050/exclusive-toyota-
             | hydroge...
             | 
             | [2] https://renewablesnow.com/news/nel-aiming-at-green-
             | hydrogen-...
        
           | dragonwriter wrote:
           | > The fundamental problem is that EVs might be doomed once
           | fuel cell cars come around.
           | 
           | Fuel cell cars are EVs.
        
             | Hypx wrote:
             | Yes, but people get confused. Hence why EVs should be
             | referred to as BEVs, and fuel cell cars as FCEVs.
        
           | pedrocr wrote:
           | Fuel-cell proponents keep claiming they're just around the
           | corner but the issues with them are fundamental. ~3x the
           | total energy use because of all the inefficiencies, and
           | needing an all new infrastructure compared to BEVs where the
           | grid is already everywhere. If FCEVs show up and are actually
           | usable that would be fine but I wouldn't bet on it. They're
           | mostly brought out as an argument for staying on ICEs until,
           | real soon now, we'll finally have them. Maybe for long sea
           | shipping hydrogen will work, but even for trucking the 3x
           | energy input needed is hard to justify.
        
             | Hypx wrote:
             | There's nothing stopping FCEVs from being as efficient as
             | BEVs. Even now, huge improvements are being found like 90%
             | efficient electrolysis[1]. Future improvements in hydrogen
             | and fuel cell technology could close the gap entirely.
             | 
             | Like I said, you're repeating many arguments that are a
             | mirror of the arguments made against BEVs. It's pretty
             | ridiculous to just repeat anti-EVs for something else while
             | being pro-EVs.
             | 
             | The other thing is that this viewpoint is increasingly
             | outdated. A lot of these "facts" date to the 2010s or
             | earlier. These are more inline with a person being out of
             | touch than someone that is informed.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.greencarcongress.com/2021/03/20210307-topso
             | e.htm...
        
         | dvh wrote:
         | Perfect EV (for me) was already made. Citroen Ami. $6000, 75km
         | range.
        
           | agumonkey wrote:
           | You tried it yourself ? (just curious)
        
         | lurkmurk wrote:
         | But all of those are still true. I would argue that public
         | transport should replace cars for commute which is most of the
         | "non-niche" usage.
         | 
         | Public transport can't get you anywhere, on your own terms?
         | Sounds familiar.
        
           | FullyFunctional wrote:
           | They are not simultaneously true. The new Model S Long Range
           | has 412 mi range. All of them can tow, but they are all
           | fairly expensive.
           | 
           | The cheapest Model 3 isn't cheap, but definitely getting
           | there.
        
             | lurkmurk wrote:
             | It's better but not great. Not everyone can afford tesla.
             | Western goverments and big companies are to blame for lack
             | of incentives and infrastructure. People buy what makes the
             | most sense, and petrol is better for many people. This can
             | be changed.
             | 
             | I think that everyone would instantly switch to EV if it
             | had the same properties but had a battery instead of a
             | tank. They are faster, silent, cleaner, but it's up to
             | leaders to bridge the gap making them economically viable.
        
               | tonyedgecombe wrote:
               | I've assumed its just a problem of demand for batteries
               | exceeding supply. If a manufacturer can only make a small
               | number of cars because they are restricted by battery
               | supply then they are going to mark up the price to
               | maximise their profit. As more battery supply becomes
               | available the prices should fall.
        
             | clouddrover wrote:
             | > _The cheapest Model 3 isn 't cheap, but definitely
             | getting there._
             | 
             | Prices are heading in the wrong direction at the moment:
             | 
             | https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/tesla-model-s-
             | model-3-mod...
        
         | zozin wrote:
         | Those aren't excuses, those are legitimate gripes/complaints.
         | If EVs were that great, they would've beat ICE, especially
         | since they're available at artificially lower prices
         | (subsidies). EV sales are microscopic vs. ICE because EV
         | offerings are inferior.
        
           | markvdb wrote:
           | Both electric and ICE cars are being subsidised:
           | 
           | - direct car purchase subsidies (almost exclusively electric)
           | 
           | - oil production subsidies. You might want to have a look at
           | [0].
           | 
           | - wind and solar electricity production subsidies.
           | 
           | - road infrastructure building and maintenance.
           | - Road and fuel taxes do not cover this.            - Usually
           | higher for the same size electric car because heavier. That
           | could change with battery and charging tech improvements
           | though...
           | 
           | - ...
           | 
           | One could also argue that the following heavyweights should
           | be included:
           | 
           | - oil wars.
           | 
           | - untaxed negative environmental externalities:
           | - oil spills            - CO2 and other harmful gas emissions
           | - car tire particles from both  ICE and electric cars ...
           | 
           | [0] http://www.taxpayer.net/wp-
           | content/uploads/ported/images/dow... .
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | Exhaust pipe should end in the cabin. Then people will stop
         | their excuses.
        
         | ianai wrote:
         | Well I drive a 250 mile round trip every week or every other.
         | Range does matter.
        
           | mattlondon wrote:
           | 250 miles is within range of a bunch of different cars - and
           | not just Tesla or luxury brands but also Fords, Skodas,
           | Nissan, and Volkswagens too. At UK speed limits that is like
           | 3.5 continuous hours driven at 70mph (in reality you'd not be
           | doing 70 all the time either)... Most people would take a bio
           | break and maybe a coffee in there somewhere and fast charging
           | for 15 mins at 100+kw can give some decent top-up (e.g. ID.3
           | does over 500miles per hour charging, so just 5mins while you
           | go take a piss is another 40 miles range added)
           | 
           | https://ev-
           | database.uk/#sort:path~type~order=.price~number~a...
        
             | cujo wrote:
             | The catch is when it's cold out. I'm in a similar
             | situation. ~120 miles one way. My Nissan Leaf gets ~140
             | miles per charge, and it works fine in the
             | spring/summer/fall.
             | 
             | In the winter I get about 90 miles on full charge, so not
             | only am I stopping to charge, but I have to be at full
             | charge when I leave. Also consider that the only fast
             | charging station on my route is right around 30 miles in,
             | and I'm running "on fumes" every trip.
             | 
             | I know there are cars with bigger batteries that will make
             | it. But I also know they are another ~$10k, which is a
             | significant upcharge.
        
         | bobajeff wrote:
         | They are still to expensive for me. Also, I get all my cars
         | used.
         | 
         | Outside of that I'm still _concerned_ about the carge time. If
         | I drive out of town to visit my folks and I 'm low on gas I can
         | just fill up mid trip no problem. How does that work if it
         | takes an hour (a generous guess based on my phone) to charge?
         | 
         | That said I think the tech is cool and am looking forward to
         | the price coming down.
        
           | em-bee wrote:
           | for an 8 hour trip you might budget an hour lunchbreak
           | anyways. so an hour full recharge time is manageable. if you
           | are almost there already, you won't need a full charge to
           | make it.
        
       | clouddrover wrote:
       | The problem is the same as its always been: the batteries still
       | aren't quite good enough. Batteries still need to become cheaper,
       | safer, more energy dense, more durable, and faster charging.
       | 
       | But the good news is that batteries are improving year by year.
       | Probably by 2025 there will be large scale production of EVs with
       | solid-state batteries with better energy density, safety, and
       | charging speeds.
       | 
       | It'll also be good to see cars start to make use of ultra-
       | capacitor buffers to more efficiently recuperate braking energy.
       | The more you can protect the main battery with a capacitor
       | buffer, the longer it'll last.
        
         | Robotbeat wrote:
         | I think they are. Most new electric cars are like at least 250
         | mile range, and Tesla's flagship Model S starts out at over 400
         | mile range (and their 520 mile range version will be available
         | in about 12 months... that's more than most conventionally
         | fueled cars). Charge speed is fine (you'll spend less time
         | overall than you spend at gas stations) and safety is overall
         | superior. Battery life is also not a concern as the battery in
         | these vehicles will outlast the car.
         | 
         | I just don't think people realize that batteries actually are
         | plenty good enough now. No breakthrough is needed. It's about
         | driving down the cost to as low as possible and scaling out
         | charging standards and networks. And ultimately, just banning
         | new conventional cars outright (starting out by requiring all
         | new vehicles to have a plug in a few years).
        
           | literallycancer wrote:
           | Let's see. A 2011 diesel sedan can go about 900km before
           | refueling. There's maybe 2 charging stations within 50 km of
           | my central European location. So, the best experience I can
           | have with an electric car right now is to spend a 100k on a
           | car that doesn't work unless I live next to the charging
           | station, or takes a day to charge. Oh and the car that I
           | already have is not designed by Californians, so there's no
           | stupid shit like a trunk full of snow every time you open it.
           | 
           | I think I'll still go with the autism causing, dinosaur
           | burning dumpster fire on wheels for now.
        
             | Robotbeat wrote:
             | That would explain why Electric cars aren't popular in
             | Norway... oh wait:
             | https://cleantechnica.com/2021/03/02/norway-
             | at-79-1-plugin-e...
        
               | literallycancer wrote:
               | Norway just taxes fossil fuel cars so much that it's
               | cheaper to buy a Tesla. They are like a Gulf state. Low
               | population and a lot of oil. Plus the abundant hydro. I
               | wouldn't draw too many conclusions from that.
        
           | rsj_hn wrote:
           | > (you'll spend less time overall than you spend at gas
           | stations)
           | 
           | Curious how you are calculating this. I usually spend about
           | 60-120 seconds refilling my tank once every 300 miles. (15
           | gallon tank, about 30 mpg).
           | 
           | Because gas stations are everywhere, I never have to plan a
           | specific route based on availability of gas stations, or use
           | an app to find where the stations are, or even think about
           | how much gas I have, as I know there is a station on the way
           | to wherever I am going, and all I need to do is pull over. I
           | even have the luxury of refusing to stop at gas stations on
           | the left side of the road because there will be another
           | station a block down on the right side.
           | 
           | But with electric you have to go out of your way to find a
           | charging station and it takes longer than 100 seconds to
           | fully charge your car. So how can it be less time overall?
        
             | sokoloff wrote:
             | I'd time your next fuel stop. Start a phone video recording
             | and measure the time from making the right turn into the
             | station and stop it once you're back on the road. It's
             | never going to be 2 minutes and will often be more like 10
             | minutes.
             | 
             | In contrast, if you have a plug at your house, you spend
             | well under a minute to plug and unplug.
        
             | clouddrover wrote:
             | > _So how can it be less time overall?_
             | 
             | If you can charge at home overnight (or at work during the
             | day) then you won't need to go anywhere else.
        
               | rsj_hn wrote:
               | If a car never breaks down, then you don't need to waste
               | time at a mechanic, either.
        
               | samcheng wrote:
               | This metaphor doesn't make sense to me. As a matter of
               | course, a gasoline car needs gasoline; unless you live on
               | a farm with delivered fuel, that means going to the gas
               | station for it.
               | 
               | An electric car needs only electricity to operate, which
               | is already distributed via wires to everyone's home.
               | 
               | Both cars need tires; electric cars also need
               | significantly less scheduled maintenance. No oil changes,
               | no timing belt, etc.
        
               | rsj_hn wrote:
               | The point being that estimating the expectation of
               | something by excluding an important part of the event
               | space yields a false estimate. No one believes that
               | everyone always charges their cars at home and that
               | charging stations are not needed, otherwise there would
               | be no demand to build them. But when called out on the
               | inconvenience of these stations there is a retreat to
               | "oh, I only charge at home" and so that is the only case
               | in which to take charge convenience into account.
        
               | Robotbeat wrote:
               | It's not a retreat. I drive a plug-in electric hybrid
               | car, and I almost never visit a gas or charging station.
               | Maybe every 6 months (I only use a little gas if I exceed
               | the 35 mile electric range... I never drive 400 miles a
               | day except on long road trips). I just charge at home.
               | It's way more convenient than gas stations.
               | 
               | People who have never owned electric cars just don't grok
               | this. Yes, some people live in apartments which often
               | have no outlets for charging your car (altho they
               | definitely do some places), but this is a minority of
               | people in the US and so it's fair to say that overall you
               | likely will spend a lot less time charging than a typical
               | gas car owner spends at gas stations. It's a perfectly
               | defensible statement.
        
             | samcheng wrote:
             | With electric you plug the car in overnight while it is
             | parked. It is full every morning, and you never need to go
             | out of your way to charge it unless you are on an intercity
             | trip.
             | 
             | It really is more convenient than gasoline!
        
               | rsj_hn wrote:
               | I don't think most people would consider only charging at
               | home an advantage or "convenience". If you even need to
               | go to a charging station once and spend a half hour to an
               | hour there, that becomes very inconvenient, even if you
               | only need to do that once a month.
               | 
               | Most people would like to have a charging station always
               | nearby so that it becomes stateless for them, so that
               | they don't need to think about how much they drove that
               | day, and they want the charging to happen within a minute
               | or so to view it as equally convenient as gas.
               | 
               | PEV have many advantages, but let's be realistic -- the
               | convenience of charging is a disadvantage.
        
               | FullyFunctional wrote:
               | It's a huge convenience! I love not having to get to the
               | gas station (it always at the least convenient time).
        
               | Andys wrote:
               | If you have a garage and a power point at home, you just
               | leave it plugged in while you're not using it. You don't
               | really even have to think about it - definitely more
               | convenient than having to find a gas station once a week
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | Also this assumes you have a driveway that has a charge
               | point hooked up.
               | 
               | This does nothing for, say, most apartment buildings
               | which don't have charge points, or people who park on the
               | street.
        
               | samcheng wrote:
               | That's true; we're going to want a substantial
               | improvement in charging infrastructure over the next
               | decade.
        
               | Robotbeat wrote:
               | We need outlets in apartment parking lots (they already
               | have light poles, and block heater outlets are common in
               | northern areas) and off-street parking. It's pretty cheap
               | to just add outlets.
        
               | sidpatil wrote:
               | Assuming that the existing wiring can support the
               | increased demand.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | clouddrover wrote:
           | No, you need to think about what it means when all cars are
           | electric. Current charging speeds lead to long queues at
           | chargers like this:
           | 
           | https://www.thedrive.com/news/31274/more-teslas-on-the-
           | road-...
           | 
           | No car on the road at the moment is capable of making full
           | use of 350 kW CCS chargers (the Porsche Taycan comes closest
           | at 270 kW). Ideally you'd want a flat charging curve at 350
           | kW to allow for more cars to be served by each charger.
           | 
           | If you had a flat charging curve at 350 kW it would take
           | about 13 minutes to go from 0 to 80% state of charge on a 100
           | kWh battery. Still slower than fueling an ICE car and still
           | not full battery capacity, but you should be able handle 4
           | cars per hour per charger.
        
             | lenkite wrote:
             | They really need to make swappable batteries which are pre-
             | charged and ready to 'fit in'. This current charging
             | network simply does not scale IMHO.
        
               | Robotbeat wrote:
               | They don't. Tesla tried and stopped after a short time.
               | It's just not worth it as charging has got much better.
               | 
               | Charging scales better than any other new load we've
               | added to the grid (such as air conditioning) as the vast
               | majority of charging will be flexible within roughly 24
               | hours. After doubling like once a decade or so for a
               | century, electricity demand has been constant or even
               | falling for the last 5-10 years, which has been a major
               | strain on utility finances. The extra flexible demand
               | from electric cars is going to be hugely important for
               | funding the maintenance and upgrading of our electric
               | grid.
        
               | clouddrover wrote:
               | > _Tesla tried and stopped after a short time. It's just
               | not worth it as charging has got much better._
               | 
               | Nio has succeeded where Tesla failed. Nio does swapping
               | and charging:
               | 
               | https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a33670482/nio-
               | swappable-ba...
               | 
               | https://insideevs.com/news/448165/nio-
               | completed-1-millionth-...
        
             | Robotbeat wrote:
             | This is just the wrong way to think about scaling electric
             | cars.
             | 
             | Current electric cars do about 90% of their charging at
             | home. As the battery size increases, this number would (for
             | the same people) actually INCREASE. I do DC fast charging
             | for my 80 mile range Leaf, but for well over a year I
             | haven't gone more than 100 miles from home with it. If I
             | had a 250 mile Bolt or whatever, I would've had no reason
             | for any away from home charging. 300, 400, and 500 mile
             | electric cars (like Tesla offers) have even less reason to
             | charge not-at-home.
             | 
             | And Level 1 and 2 charging at home or work or other
             | destinations is WAY cheaper per watt of installed charging
             | capacity than DC fast chargers. So if you want ubiquitous
             | electric cars, the solution isn't to just scale out DC fast
             | charging, but instead make exterior outlets ubiquitous. Add
             | a relay-controlled outlet to every light pole and parking
             | meter. All apartment parking lots. Many business parking
             | lots.
             | 
             | Cost per watt for DC fast chargers is around $1. For a home
             | charger, it's about $0.10 to $0.20, and often essentially
             | "free" as you just use the included charger and plug into
             | an external outlet or a drier outlet in a garage.
             | 
             | DC fast charging stations should be reduced in cost, but
             | you don't need to increase the speed that much as there are
             | diminishing returns to doing so. Just add more slots.
             | 
             | It is on long trips where DC fast charging is largely
             | unavoidable, but even still, 500 mile range covers quite a
             | lot of area and all but likely-multi-day trips. If I can
             | charge at my destination, I don't necessarily need a fast
             | charger.
             | 
             | The solution is to make sure there's enough L1 (external
             | outlets, which are only like $100 apiece) and L2 chargers
             | (can be bought for as low as $200 now... with installation
             | cost no more than, say, an RV or drier outlet) so that you
             | DON'T need such massive DC fast charging infrastructure.
             | 
             | This is hard when few people have electric cars but becomes
             | much easier when most people do as apartment complexes will
             | install outlets on parking spaces as a matter of course.
             | Same for workplaces, metered parking spots, etc.
             | 
             | A cheap IOT-controlled-relay external outlet is something
             | that would really help make this more practical. Hard to
             | get traction when electric cars are a small portion of
             | overall cars.
        
               | clouddrover wrote:
               | > _This is just the wrong way to think about scaling
               | electric cars._
               | 
               | Nope. It's the practical reality of what needs to happen
               | when there are ever more electric cars on the road.
        
             | _ph_ wrote:
             | It is less about charging speed but rather charger
             | availability vs. demand. Of course, it is easer to provide
             | high availability if the charging/refueling ist relatively
             | fast, but at any given speed you can compute the number of
             | charge/refueling points needed to prevent waiting times
             | beyond a given limit. There can be hour-long queues at fuel
             | stations too, just there are enough fuel stations that this
             | is a very rare thing, but just look at the people queuing
             | up at fuel stations when a hurricane approaches.
        
             | dmitriid wrote:
             | > you should be able handle 4 cars per hour per charger.
             | 
             | It's still abysmally slow.
        
               | clouddrover wrote:
               | Yes, there will still need to be more charge points than
               | there are fuel pumps but your charging won't necessarily
               | be exclusively at DC fast chargers. It will be a mix of
               | DC and AC charging.
               | 
               | For example, if you're on a road trip you might DC fast
               | charge during the day and then slow charge overnight at a
               | hotel so you start the day with a full battery.
        
               | erik_seaberg wrote:
               | I guess it's feasible, but as of last year I've never
               | seen a charger at a hotel.
               | 
               | My office had maybe a dozen, which is already not enough
               | --EV drivers were required to go outside and move their
               | cars after a few hours. I don't know how often someone
               | who needs one is screwed.
        
               | Robotbeat wrote:
               | I always charge at my AirBNB. Just need an external 120V
               | outlet. An RV-style outlet would work for L2 power
               | levels. That's not that uncommon.
        
               | erik_seaberg wrote:
               | Is it hard to find one with a garage rather than street
               | parking? They don't seem to offer a search filter for
               | that.
        
         | mettamage wrote:
         | Silly question: to what extent can you extend the range of a
         | car by adding solar panels on the roof in cloudy conditions? If
         | that adds range of 10% extra, then why not do it?
         | 
         | I figured they thought about this a long time ago, so I'm just
         | wondering.
        
           | TylerE wrote:
           | Not nearly enough. Solar panels, under absolutely perfect
           | conditions (perfect angling, no clouds, etc) produce about
           | 15w per square foot. Even if you covered every bit of the
           | upward facing surfaces, including the hood, with panels,
           | that's going to peak at about 1kw of input - and since you'll
           | be off axis all the time it'll be less than that.
           | 
           | A Tesla battery pack is 100kw/h. So under perfect conditions
           | you'd need 100 hours of charging to get one charge.
        
             | fy20 wrote:
             | The Prius Gen 3 had an option for a 'solar roof', but it's
             | pretty much just a gimmick. The whole roof is 40W. All the
             | panels do is power a fan to bring exterior air into the
             | cabin, to keep it cooler during hot weather.
        
           | clouddrover wrote:
           | It depends how efficient the car is and how efficient the
           | solar panels are.
           | 
           | Here are some examples of solar cars and their solar range
           | estimates:
           | 
           | - Aptera: https://www.aptera.us/never-charge
           | 
           | - Lightyear One: https://lightyear.one/technology
           | 
           | - Sono Motors Sion: https://sonomotors.com/en/solar-
           | integration/
           | 
           | - Toyota Prius experimental prototype:
           | https://newatlas.com/toyota-prius-solar-roof/60461/
           | 
           | - The Hyundai Ioniq 5 has a small panel as an option, but you
           | won't get much range out of it: https://pvbuzz.com/hyundai-
           | ioniq-5-solar-panels/
        
         | rsj_hn wrote:
         | Honestly I think the issue isn't with batteries or current
         | technology. My lay view is that the technology to make PEVs
         | attractive is already here. What is not here is the eco-system.
         | 
         | * Can you get the car serviced at an independent mechanic or do
         | you have to go to the dealer and pay whatever they decide to
         | charge you? No amount of battery innovation will overcome $1000
         | bills to replace a door handle. Check out Rich Rebuild's
         | youtube channel for a description of the service costs of
         | keeping a Tesla running out of warranty:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nq5c4jGR2gM&t=302s
         | 
         | * Is there a large eco-system of after-market parts and third
         | party warranty issuers? This is required to drive repair costs
         | down.
         | 
         | * Do we have good data on the lifetime of critical parts under
         | actual use? This is required for consumers to estimate the
         | operating costs over the life of the vehicle (whether or not
         | they plan on selling it doesn't matter, as they will pay for
         | those operating costs either in depreciation or in paying for
         | repairs themselves)
         | 
         | * Is there a robust country-wide charge network that compete
         | with gas stations?
         | 
         | * Is there a system to quickly get energy when you need it --
         | e.g. either very fast (10 min) charging or a swap-in battery
         | system to give you a quick 100 miles of range.
         | 
         | These are not issues that require breakthroughs in solid state
         | science. If the batteries don't last long, make it easier to
         | service them or swap them out. If the range isn't so great,
         | create a wider network of chargers. If the parts don't last as
         | long, make them cheaper and easier to service by independent
         | mechanics. Force a right to repair and diagnose for PEVs as we
         | have for gas powered cars.
         | 
         | IOW, rather than waiting on breakthroughs in materials science,
         | infrastructure upgrades can solve these issues, but lack of
         | infrastructure can't be solved by breakthroughs in battery
         | life. As long as Tesla is a monopoly provider of parts and
         | service, and as long as the infrastructure isn't there, upping
         | the power to weight ratio of batteries by 30% isn't going to do
         | much to reduce ownership risk to consumers, and PEVs will
         | remain a niche market dominated by wealthy consumers who can
         | bear ownership cost risk better than middle class people.
         | 
         | * And of course, the electric grid needs a massive upgrade.
         | 
         | All of the above is well within the reach of existing tech.
         | Whether it's financially feasible is another question.
        
         | geoduck14 wrote:
         | In my opinion, we are trying to solve the "EV range issue" all
         | wrong. We are looking at gas cars, and asking "how can we do
         | the same thing, but with electricity" - and we get a
         | substandard result.
         | 
         | What we SHOULD do is: take a step back and ask "what do we
         | REALLY want to achieve".
         | 
         | We don't really want long range and fast charge. We DO want
         | worry-free power wherever we choose to go. It isn't a novel
         | concept to suggest: inductive charging from the road into the
         | car (as you drive). There are probably other more practical
         | ideas, too, but - and this is critical- you have to start
         | asking the right questions.
        
           | TylerE wrote:
           | That's insane. Inductive charging is wildly inefficient.
           | 
           | On typical phone chargers efficiency is about 60-70% max..and
           | it goes down with distance.
        
             | Nition wrote:
             | So what we really need is a big network of overhead wires,
             | trolleybus style.
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | Trolleybuses are very niche. The networks at least in
               | North America have not expanded much, and many have
               | shrunk since their heyday, because people find the wires
               | a visual nuisance.
        
               | Nition wrote:
               | I wasn't really serious. Although I do quite like
               | trolleybuses. Even if the infrastructure existed I'm sure
               | you could never trust the average driver to keep their
               | car attached to the rails; even the buses come off
               | sometimes.
        
           | clouddrover wrote:
           | > _We don 't really want long range and fast charge_
           | 
           | Yes we do. As the article demonstrates, they were making the
           | same arguments 100 years ago.
           | 
           | Lack of range and charging speed is why electric cars lost
           | out to ICE cars 100 years ago. ICE cars simply took you
           | further, faster (and still do).
        
             | FullyFunctional wrote:
             | more than 412 mi, faster than a Model S? This argument is
             | completely ridiculous.
             | 
             | Electric is already far superior for every day driving and
             | close to parity for long distance (super charger is fast,
             | but not yet quiet as fast as pumping gas - but if you have
             | kids you'll welcome the break)
        
               | clouddrover wrote:
               | > _more than 412 mi_
               | 
               | No, 400 miles is about right as an average range as long
               | as your charging is fast. ICE cars achieve that easily.
               | The Toyota Prius has 640 miles of range.
               | 
               | > _faster than a Model S_
               | 
               | Yes.
               | 
               | > _close to parity for long distance_
               | 
               | It isn't. There's no point pretending the situation is
               | other than it is. You can do long distance driving in an
               | EV but you are going to spend more time charging than you
               | would spend fueling. That's just a practical reality.
               | 
               | The Porsche Taycan is the fastest road tripping EV at the
               | moment. It's helped by its fast charging capability:
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GFsjMvCFlig
               | 
               | It's an expensive sports car and on price alone it will
               | never be a mass market vehicle. EVs still need to charge
               | faster than the Taycan.
               | 
               | > _super charger is fast, but not yet quiet as fast as
               | pumping gas_
               | 
               | It's nowhere near as fast as pumping gas.
        
           | jjav wrote:
           | > inductive charging from the road into the car
           | 
           | Society can't (for $REASONS) even get potholes reliably fixed
           | in roads. The probability of something like installing
           | inductive charging on every mile of interstate is effectively
           | zero.
        
       | cagenut wrote:
       | The visuals in this are great. Its interesting to see how the
       | materials and manufacturing complexity of what they could produce
       | aren't far off what wealthy-hobbyest/niche-youtubers can do at
       | home now. It'd be interesting to re-create one of these with
       | modern parts.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | Someone wrote:
       | Those cars were popular (especially with women) because you
       | didn't have to hand-crank them.
       | 
       | Because of that it has been said that what made gasoline cars
       | take over was the invention of the electric starter for gasoline
       | cars.
        
         | agumonkey wrote:
         | "On the importance of user interface and ergonomics"
        
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