[HN Gopher] UK 'Right to repair' law to come in this summer
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       UK 'Right to repair' law to come in this summer
        
       Author : djaychela
       Score  : 229 points
       Date   : 2021-03-10 08:01 UTC (15 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bbc.co.uk)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bbc.co.uk)
        
       | aboringusername wrote:
       | I think any right to repair needs to solve 2 problems:
       | 
       | 1: Fixing bad hardware (schematics and such)
       | 
       | 2: Fixing old/buggy/broken software that renders said hardware
       | useless. Without open kernels, drivers, frameworks your "right to
       | repair" is meaningless. When you install a new camera to iPhone
       | and it complains it's not genuine because the software says so,
       | the right to repair becomes less useful as now Apple holds all
       | the cards as to who gets to repair and how much that costs.
       | 
       | You need to tackle both since often times these days they work
       | together. For example, the Open Source community should be able
       | to tinker with my TV's kernel and other parts to add new features
       | rather than it being locked down and features being _removed_
       | because the manufacturer couldn 't be bothered to pay a royalty
       | license.
       | 
       | What if the hardware is 100% okay but the software is broken? Is
       | there a right to inspect the code? If not then all of these laws
       | are redundant. All it takes is one update to "mistakenly" bork an
       | older model or it to run a bit slower or janky animations or
       | anything else and in the bin it goes.
        
         | pabs3 wrote:
         | Most TVs run Linux so asking them for GPLed code should work,
         | failing that, it is a GPL violation that should be reported to
         | Software Freedom Conservancy, who can help bring the vendor
         | into compliance.
         | 
         | https://sfconservancy.org/copyleft-compliance/
        
           | simonh wrote:
           | A lot of them run on ARM chips, or other SOCs, so you'll be
           | stuck trying to get hold of binary blob drivers.
        
           | suyjuris wrote:
           | You can get the code, but you might not be able to do
           | anything with it, as there is no obligation for the
           | manufacturer to enable you to run the code on the device
           | itself. GPLv3 intends to cover this case, but the Linux
           | kernel is (not without reason) licensed under GPLv2.
        
           | kenmacd wrote:
           | My TV runs WebOS. It's all open-source by LG. That still
           | doesn't mean I can run my own code on it without LG
           | specifically allowing me to.
        
         | KozmoNau7 wrote:
         | There needs to be a clause that makes the software and other
         | designs specifications openly available (or for some small fee,
         | not exceeding a reasonable percentage of the product's retail
         | price), once the product is no longer supported by the
         | manufacturer.
         | 
         | I.e. the manufacturer has produced a newer - presumably better
         | - device that non-technical users will want to buy, and the old
         | devices can be handed down to more technical and tinkerer types
         | to play around with and improve upon.
        
           | TeMPOraL wrote:
           | Definitely. The problem here is that manufacturers will claim
           | that parts old of software and design specs are used in the
           | new device, which makes them a legitimate trade secret they
           | shouldn't be forced to reveal.
        
             | zepto wrote:
             | > manufacturers will claim that parts old of software and
             | design is specs are used in the new device
             | 
             | It's not just 'a claim'. I can't think of many systems
             | where this is not true.
             | 
             | The iPhone still contains code from NextStep for example.
             | 
             | I do think old (or new) hardware must be allowed to run
             | open software, so I'd be all for mandating a 'bootcamp'
             | equivalent, which did have open specs for implementers.
        
         | Shivetya wrote:
         | Totally disagree with your software claim.
         | 
         | The manufacturers should simply be held accountable in that
         | they provide a means to have approved replacement hardware
         | providers. Having software modification available could lead to
         | cases where safety is jeopardized; any claim it cannot be is
         | laughable; let alone who is liable if modified software causes
         | the issue. The manufacturer would possibly be stuck proving it.
         | 
         | Plus people vastly underestimate how much replacement
         | components will cost along with which components are reasonably
         | designated as replaceable.
         | 
         | When you get to appliance level items TVs are an interesting
         | case because its highly unlikely panels will be as cheap as new
         | televisions and creating a case where they have to be less than
         | the television will simply pass that cost onto anyone buying
         | that television. The controller cards, power supply, and such,
         | likely will be more readily available but of them the power
         | supply is the only true part which would be more universal
         | across items.
         | 
         | Which brings me to, the best way to have an easier to repair
         | world is to eliminate non standard plugs along with customized
         | power supplies or chargers within the same product type.
         | 
         | edit: another concern with software, the expectation that
         | camera code be open does not protect the manufacturer
         | intellectual property in regards to new and interesting methods
         | to provide better picture quality.
        
         | foobar33333 wrote:
         | I think the problem with unofficial repairs right now is where
         | the parts come from. If you buy an iphone camera, where does
         | that camera actually come from. I doubt there is an unoffical
         | iphone camera factory. So those parts only have 2 sources,
         | broken and stolen iphones.
         | 
         | What ideally would happen is each part on the iphone has a
         | serial number and is registered with icloud. If a phone gets
         | stolen, you get a message when you install the camera telling
         | you this. And if the original user deregisters their phone on
         | the icloud web ui, the camera works again. Then Apple should be
         | forced to publicly sell this part for a reasonable price for x
         | years.
         | 
         | Just these small steps would move us a long way to
         | repairability.
        
           | Mauricebranagh wrote:
           | Actually it has been known for factories to run a shadow
           | shift on the low down producing grey market parts
        
           | lnsru wrote:
           | Would you pay additional 5% for the traceability of the
           | parts? Serial numbers must be stored somewhere. We print now
           | them on the enclosure of the component. Actually be print
           | batch number, individual parts cannot be identified. Putting
           | numbers into silicon wouldn't make things cheaper.
        
             | foobar33333 wrote:
             | They already work this way. If you swap almost any part on
             | the iphone it either refuses to work or shows a warning
             | about a unofficial part. My suggestion is simply to make
             | this functionality only target stolen parts instead of just
             | refusing to work at all if the apple store hasn't used
             | their software to bless the new serial number.
        
               | simion314 wrote:
               | Why should Apple decide what part I put in the phone? If
               | the phone is out of warranty then I should be able to use
               | batteries, screens, chargers or software that is not
               | blessed by Apple's grace.
               | 
               | When I was a kid we were "repairing" our cheap watches by
               | using parts from broken ones, at most what Apple could do
               | is print a giant warning on the boot screen that the
               | phone is no longer blessed by Apple so people that want
               | their thing repaired will not be "tricked".
        
               | zepto wrote:
               | > Why should Apple decide what part I put in the phone?
               | If the phone is out of warranty then I should be able to
               | use batteries, screens, chargers or software that is not
               | blessed by Apple's grace.
               | 
               | For a lot of people, this is a feature, not a bug.
               | 
               | It prevents repair shops using substandard components, or
               | even replacing good components with cheaper ones and then
               | re-selling them.
               | 
               | Edit: another _much more serious_ issue, is security.
               | _3rd party components are an obvious target for supply
               | chain attacks._
        
               | simion314 wrote:
               | That is also the risk with computers and cars, there
               | might be "a lot" of people that would like DRM cars and
               | computers but there are a lot more lots of people that
               | would like to repair the car then buy a new one each
               | year, or even the rich guys that buy a new car yearly
               | they would like to be able to sell the old car and you
               | can't sell an old car if it does not run because it needs
               | a new memory stick in the main computer and the main
               | computer costs 50% of the car.
        
               | zepto wrote:
               | > there might be "a lot" of people that would like DRM
               | cars and computers but there are a lot more lots of
               | people that would like to repair the car then buy a new
               | one each year,
               | 
               | This isn't a valid comparison - nobody is forced to buy a
               | new car or phone every year.
               | 
               | I strongly doubt you are right about the numbers in
               | general.
               | 
               | Very few people want to risk fraudulent parts.
               | 
               | But, I do agree that at some point the user should be
               | able to unlock the DRM and take their own risks.
               | 
               | E.g. at the end of the manufacturers support of the
               | software.
        
               | simion314 wrote:
               | Sorry I do not understand your point, nobody is forced to
               | buy a phone or car each year, the difference is that I
               | can change the lights on my car with an "unofficial" part
               | if I want without Ford complaining that I am a pirate and
               | trying to void my engine warranty. I have all the
               | possible options with my car:
               | 
               | - go to a Ford shop and have them do it for me
               | 
               | - go to a reputable website and browse all compatible
               | parts and decide if I want something more e pensive or
               | something more cheap
               | 
               | - when I have the part I can install it myself, a friend
               | or a professional that is not a "Ford" genius.
               | 
               | Ford would love to force me to buy only from them parts,
               | oils, fuel and only repair or do maintenance on their
               | shops but fortunately they can't force us. (but you have
               | the choice to use only Ford blessed products and people).
               | 
               | For stolen cars there are serial numbers printed on the
               | car engine and body parts to make it more difficult for
               | thieves but sure it still happens and I am for doing more
               | to prevent crime and finding the criminals but doing
               | exactly what Ford would like and is bad for society and
               | environment is clearly a bad thing IMO.
        
               | zepto wrote:
               | We aren't talking about cars. As I said earlier, they
               | aren't a valid comparison.
               | 
               | Computers and cars are quite different in their
               | components, and life cycle.
        
               | simion314 wrote:
               | I disagree. But let me know how do you define the line
               | where this electronics should be repairable and the other
               | ones should be DRM locked.
        
               | zepto wrote:
               | Personally I think the user should choose whether to buy
               | a secure product or not.
               | 
               | I have some open hardware for certain projects, but I am
               | very happy to use Apple products for things like banking
               | and various tasks concerning personal data.
               | 
               | I'm also happy to recommend that non-technical friends
               | use Apple products knowing that the ways that can harm
               | themselves are limited.
               | 
               | I think a lot of people would take a device to a repair
               | kiosk, not understanding the risks, wrongly assuming that
               | they would have some kind of consumer protection.
               | 
               | You aren't forced to buy an iPhone if you don't want
               | this.
        
               | simion314 wrote:
               | >You aren't forced to buy an iPhone if you don't want
               | this.
               | 
               | Other Android devices are also similarly bad to repair,
               | with a locked Store and few have an supported way to
               | actually root them. The mobile market is not as diverse
               | like car market or say web/cloud hosting market. We can't
               | give Apple or Samsung an exception from warranty laws
               | because "the user should buy X that offers warranty" ,
               | free market only works only if all the free market
               | assumptions hold true.
        
               | patmcc wrote:
               | Sure - then Apple should be forced to provide those parts
               | at reasonable prices. You want me to only use an
               | "official" battery? Then you can sell me an Apple one for
               | the same price as a knock-off.
        
               | zepto wrote:
               | > Sure - then Apple should be forced to provide those
               | parts at reasonable prices.
               | 
               | Is there any product you wouldn't want to apply price
               | controls to, or force people to make? How are you
               | singling out one company?
               | 
               | > You want me to only use an "official" battery? Then you
               | can sell me an Apple one for the same price as a knock-
               | off.
               | 
               | This makes no sense.
               | 
               | Knocks offs are cheaper because they didn't invest in
               | R&D, don't have to be in compliance with global
               | regulations, can make use of lower standard parts, and
               | don't have Apple's warranty. Their suppliers also have
               | zero interest in protecting you from supply chain
               | attacks.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Because a source of parts is devices that are stolen and
               | stripped for the parts. The parts are then laundered so
               | you think your source is legal. By putting a serial
               | number on each part it means you go after the supplier
               | who you otherwise thought was honest and so this whole
               | scheme shuts down.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | Well maybe i should not be allowed to buy used shoes,
               | what if they are stolen?
               | 
               | Why should my right of ownership be violated to help
               | apple deal with 'stolen' parts?
        
               | zepto wrote:
               | > Why should my right of ownership be violated to help
               | apple deal with 'stolen' parts?
               | 
               | It isn't.
               | 
               | Apple's products are designed to help consumers avoid the
               | problems associated with stolen parts, including the very
               | real threat of supply chain attacks.
               | 
               | You always have the right not to choose that design.
               | 
               | You seem to want to prevent _other people_ from choosing
               | it, which seems odd to me.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | "very real threat of supply chain attacks"
               | 
               | Every year millions of devices are thown away because of
               | this.
               | 
               | How many phones suffered from supply chain attack last
               | year? Probably zero.
               | 
               | Apple products are designed to subvert the concept of
               | ownership. They retain control even after i paid for the
               | item.
               | 
               | We live in a world where all of my equipment could be
               | switched off if one of their servers goes down, you are
               | legally forvidden from repairing it and people like you
               | giht to defend these practices - you couldn't make it up!
               | You are fighting to became a peasant without any rights.
               | 
               | Other manufacturers are already following suit, and there
               | wont be any choice left.
        
               | zepto wrote:
               | I note that you have changed your comment.
               | 
               | > Every year millions of devices are thown away because
               | of this.
               | 
               | There is no evidence of that. iPhones are not thrown
               | away. They are recycled.
               | 
               | > How many phones suffered from supply chain attack last
               | year? Probably zero.
               | 
               | Given the obvious rise in cyberattacks at all levels of
               | sophistication this seems like a very weird comment to
               | make.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | "There is no evidence of that. iPhones are not thrown
               | away. They are recycled."
               | 
               | Are you fucking kidding me?
               | 
               | https://www.wired.co.uk/article/ghana-ewaste-dump-
               | electronic...
        
               | zepto wrote:
               | > Apple products are deaigned to subvert the concept of
               | ownership.
               | 
               | No, they are designed for ease of use. Modern smartphones
               | are way beyond the scope of most individuals to manage.
               | Apple provides an increasingly managed service, which
               | people choose because _it is what they want_.
               | 
               | > They retain control even after i paid for the item.
               | 
               | Yes, consumers want software updates, and they expect to
               | be secured.
               | 
               | > We live in a world where all of my equipment could be
               | switched off if one of their servers goes down,
               | 
               | It's likely false to say 'one of their servers', but yes,
               | just like any service you choose, you are dependent on
               | the service provider to maintain it. _It is in their
               | interests not to disappoint you._
               | 
               | > you are legally forvidden from repairing it and people
               | like you giht to defend these practices - you couldn't
               | make it up!
               | 
               | You couldn't make it up _because it is completely
               | untrue_. There is nothing legally preventing anyone from
               | repairing an iPhone.
               | 
               | > You are fighting to became a peasant without any
               | rights.
               | 
               | Weird rhetoric.
               | 
               | > Other manufacturers are already following suit, and
               | there wont be any choice left.
               | 
               | There will be no choice left if people are not aware of
               | the choice, and _if the choice is not a good one_.
               | 
               | You haven't mentioned an alternative manufacturers. Why
               | not? If you want people to have choice, why not discuss
               | the options. Apple is not the only choice.
               | 
               | You also haven't mentioned the downsides of choosing
               | those alternatives.
        
               | simion314 wrote:
               | I understand the issue with the stolen parts, cars also
               | can have similar issues and we still can buy after market
               | parts.
               | 
               | I wonder if we can confirm this theory that is also
               | financial extremely favorable to Apple or is just FUD and
               | PR.
        
               | zepto wrote:
               | > I wonder if we can confirm this theory that is also
               | financial extremely favorable to Apple
               | 
               | As a metric, this is a useless gauge of what Apple does.
               | 
               | Their whole aim is to do things that benefit customers,
               | _and profit from it_.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Most car parts are not coded. However some of the
               | important ones are, and that enough enough to slow down
               | the steal car for parts scheme.
        
           | zepto wrote:
           | > Apple should be forced to publicly sell this part for a
           | reasonable price for x years.
           | 
           | This means generating a vast amount of e-waste and increasing
           | the cost of units.
           | 
           | Since Apple doesn't make the components themselves, they
           | would have to warehouse a supply of spares.
        
             | avianlyric wrote:
             | Apple must have access to these parts already because
             | they'll happily do out of warranty repairs, even on
             | products that they no long sell.
             | 
             | Asking them to make that supply publicly available does not
             | strike me as a huge ask. Hell they could derive the supply
             | from their recycling efforts they're always showing off as
             | WWDC.
             | 
             | Also how does providing spare parts result in huge amounts
             | of e-waste, that's a bit of a non-sequitur. The whole point
             | of spares is to remove the need to throw away a device
             | that's 90% fine 10% broken.
        
               | zepto wrote:
               | > Apple must have access to these parts already because
               | they'll happily do out of warranty repairs, even on
               | products that they no long sell.
               | 
               | This is not relevant. Nobody is forcing them to do these
               | repairs. When the parts are no longer available, they
               | stop doing them.
               | 
               | > The whole point of spares is to remove the need to
               | throw away a device that's 90% fine 10% broken.
               | 
               | Yes, and it may well be a counterproductive scheme that
               | doesn't work as intended.
               | 
               | 1. You need to warehouse components to comply with the
               | law, or _continue to make_ otherwise redundant
               | components, which means maintaining outdated industrial
               | plant.
               | 
               | 2. Devices with replaceable components have to be made in
               | a _more complex way_ that is more liable to break,
               | costing more up front, and more in repairs.
               | 
               | There is no real problem with some hugh pile of slightly
               | broken iPhones that are being wasted.
               | 
               | The real problem is the huge number of _working_ iPhones
               | that are too outdated to run modern software.
               | 
               | If we need a law, it is one that requires manufacturers
               | to make a bootcamp equivalent for devices at the end of
               | their software support cycle, so all the still working
               | devices can continue to be useful.
        
             | ClumsyPilot wrote:
             | What absurdity? By this logic we wouldn't repair cars
             | either 'to reduce waste'
        
               | zepto wrote:
               | Cars and computers are quite different in terms of their
               | components and life-cycles.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | Pleaae demonstrate at least one occasion where making a
               | device repairable increased waste
        
               | zepto wrote:
               | Android phones are much more repairable e.g. with
               | replaceable batteries and non-drm parts.
               | 
               | Despite this, they have have less than half the useful
               | lifetime of an iPhone, and so generate much more waste.
        
               | tpxl wrote:
               | They may have a lower useful lifetime, but that is
               | completely unrelated to their repairability.
        
               | zepto wrote:
               | This is false.
               | 
               | iPhones are built to last longer by being more physically
               | integrated, and the trade off is that they are less
               | repairable.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | This is complete fantasy, there is no evidence that
               | iphones are more physically resillient that a $150 crappy
               | android phone.
               | 
               | I asked for evidence, not talking mumbobo-jumbo out of
               | your rear
        
         | glitchc wrote:
         | Maybe a fridge doesn't need software? I don't hear consumers
         | clamouring for it.
        
           | avianlyric wrote:
           | But fridges do have software. There's code in there
           | monitoring and regulating the compressor, monitoring
           | temperatures and making decisions.
           | 
           | Thankfully these problems are so simple companies rarely
           | fuckup the software. But it does happen, and then hardware is
           | run slightly out of spec resulting in failures.
           | 
           | Have the right to replace the software would be amazing. It
           | would give people the ability to replace slightly broken
           | firmware with better firmware extending the life of their
           | products or even add new featured.
           | 
           | For a fridge new features could be simple things like the
           | ability to change its temperature on a schedule, ability to
           | respond electricity prices etc
           | 
           | Agree that most people aren't interested in this. But if
           | we're serious about increasing the usefulness and longevity
           | of these products then giving people the ability to make
           | these changes can only be a plus. And to be clear I don't
           | think having a USB port of every fridge is a good idea, but
           | releasing enough information that field technicians to make
           | these changes easily would be enough.
        
             | glitchc wrote:
             | Oh please.
             | 
             | I'm sorry, air compressor regulation does not require
             | software. Compressor units have been working for decades
             | without software. If the current industry is anything to go
             | on, the reliance on software for compressor regulation has
             | reduced, not increased, reliability. Older fridges would
             | last 20-30 years. Last year I threw out a fridge that was a
             | free hand-me-down. The gasket was so old that the door
             | would not seal anymore, but the compressor still worked!
             | 
             | Most of the other things you speak of, such as schedule
             | based temperature changes, are possible in hardware alone.
             | Responding to electricity prices is a no-go anyways, a
             | fridge maintains a constant internal temperature. Turning
             | it off to save money will spoil food faster, costing you
             | more money.
             | 
             | I think you come from a "software is everything" mentality,
             | which is fine for something as complex as a smartphone, but
             | completely the wrong way to go about things for an
             | appliance.
        
               | pitaj wrote:
               | Software control enables far more efficiency.
        
             | thereddaikon wrote:
             | You can easily achieve this with a thermostat wired to the
             | compressor. Its fully hardware based, analog and is
             | perfectly capable of maintaining a specified temp range.
             | This is how it was done for decades and it worked fine.
        
             | watwut wrote:
             | I dont see any utility at all in "ability to change its
             | temperature on a schedule". What you want in fridge is
             | constant reliable temperature.
        
           | TomJansen wrote:
           | Fridges need software because only then the manufacturer can
           | drop the support after 5 to 8 years and you need to buy a new
           | one.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | luxuryballs wrote:
       | Oh gawd what kind of bullshit is this going to lead to I wonder.
       | An even more obtrusive physical version of how I have to click
       | "accept cookies" all over the damn internet now? As if using a
       | web browser wasn't consent enough.
        
       | draklor40 wrote:
       | Only a matter of time before they modify the Law to introduce a
       | catch that makes it practically worthless.
       | 
       | A - A classification system that makes defines how "easy" it is
       | to repair something, but necessarily doesn't mean that you or I
       | can repair it at home.It will be "easy" IF you have the right
       | 50,000 GBP tool.
       | 
       | B - Modify right to repair as good for the environment rule.
       | There will be an escape clause that says that right to repair can
       | be suspended, if the product is very eco-friendly (or needs
       | specialized, exotic materials for construction). Manufacturers
       | will take this route by claiming that they use "exotic" materials
       | and therefoere cannot allow users to repair it at home.
       | 
       | Given how much of EU innovation is bogged down by regulatory
       | capture, I am extremely skeptical of this (note, I know EU/UK are
       | separated, but nevertheless, lobbying is lobbying, universally)
        
         | intricatedetail wrote:
         | I don't have high hopes if laws are essentially written by big
         | corporations (still tax loopholes have not been closed,
         | barriers to entry increase for small business etc)
        
         | bluesign wrote:
         | Spare parts will be the biggest problem (especially pricing).
        
         | dsnr wrote:
         | > Given how much of EU innovation is bogged down by regulatory
         | capture, I am extremely skeptical of this (note, I know EU/UK
         | are separated, but nevertheless, lobbying is lobbying,
         | universally)
         | 
         | That's probably how the concept of ,,legitimate interest" made
         | its way into the GDPR law, make it practically worthless, with
         | the single upside of making people more aware of cross-site
         | tracking.
         | 
         | Another example of half-assed EU law: EU data roaming. Given
         | that EU is all about the free mobility of people, the data
         | roaming ,,fair use policy" makes no sense. If we're pretending
         | to be in a single market, why don't we have a single market for
         | telecommunication services? I can order stuff from amazon.fr
         | and have it delivered, yet I can't have a mobile phone contract
         | from say... a Spanish company.
        
           | MaxBarraclough wrote:
           | > That's probably how the concept of ,,legitimate interest"
           | made its way into the GDPR law, make it practically worthless
           | 
           | Does it though? Is there case law supporting this?
           | 
           | From what I can see the big problem with the GDPR is a near-
           | total failure to actually enforce it, so such questions
           | barely even matter.
        
             | zaarn wrote:
             | It's mostly the Irish DPC dragging feet, from experience my
             | own local DPC has been excellent and in one case a
             | complaint of mine resulted in a fine. They just can't do
             | anything about companies registered in Ireland.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | Which is also where all the major offenders are, because
               | of tax trickery. This is starting to be really annoying.
        
               | zaarn wrote:
               | The solution would be a small amendment of the GDPR that
               | local DPCs can take matters in their own hands if 1-2
               | years pass without the other DPC doing anything about a
               | violation. (This would still be different from the other
               | DPC finding there to be no violation).
        
             | varispeed wrote:
             | As predicted only few small players were fined and the
             | giants continue as they please. EU can tick the box and
             | claim PR points for "solving" the problem, when in reality
             | you got more points of data breach and people are trained
             | to click boxes without reading.
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | The EU aspires to a single market for telecommunications
           | services but is taking a long time to get there. I found an
           | entire master's thesis on the remaining obstacles: https://ww
           | w.researchgate.net/publication/278390832_Title_A_s...
        
         | blub wrote:
         | If everybody were such a pessimist, we'd never try to improve
         | anything because there's a risk it might not always work or
         | need adjustment in the future.
         | 
         | And a certain someone would also be there telling everyone not
         | to go outside of the cave because there's tigers :)
        
           | slx26 wrote:
           | If everybody was such an optimist... well, they would
           | eventually become pessimists when they realized good
           | intentions alone aren't enough, but there are few optimists
           | with good plans.
           | 
           | Ok, there are also very few pessimists with good plans, but I
           | didn't mean to turn you into a pessimist now ;)
        
         | hnhg wrote:
         | Do you have any citations for your claim about EU innovation
         | being bogged down by regulatory capture? In general, I've found
         | that it's more like risk aversion in VC and other local
         | cultural aspects before anything at an EU level comes into
         | play.
        
           | secfirstmd wrote:
           | Yeh I agree. I hear this a lot but my experience working has
           | been that the US has waaaaayyyy more redtape and regulation
           | stuff to deal with. Taxes for example or the absolute mess of
           | applying for government grants.
        
             | zepto wrote:
             | I have experience in both places.
             | 
             | Taxes and government grants are pretty much _the_ main
             | areas where this is true. Taxes especially.
             | 
             | Not so for other things, in my experience.
        
           | draklor40 wrote:
           | Used to work for a small Ad-Tech firm in Germany. GDPR
           | massively dented the business WITH NO BENEFITS to privacy.
           | Advertisers still collect shit tons of data, your website
           | performance is still crappy and the end result was that EU
           | users now have to navigate MBs of Javascript popups, that try
           | to trick me into selling data using dark patterns (blue
           | highlight on accept all instead of Reject all).
           | 
           | All it succeeded was in consolidating the ad-tech space into
           | a few big players and resulted in acquisitions of many small
           | ad-tech firms.
           | 
           | An acquaintance of mine started a medical Tech firm and is
           | now a consultant for dealing with govt. rules on medical
           | stuff. Not sure why he quit , but I believe that consulting
           | for dealing with German/EU bureaucracy maybe far more
           | lucrative than having a medical startup in the EU.
           | 
           | Not to mention, despite the first world status, internet is
           | Germany is Dog-shit. I mean worse than 3rd world crap. I was
           | in Bangalore and I had way better internet 3 years ago.
        
             | nindalf wrote:
             | > 3rd world crap
             | 
             | > Bangalore
             | 
             | Shows how much you know if you walked into India expecting
             | "3rd world" internet.
        
               | fakedang wrote:
               | I read it as a praise for Indian internet.
               | 
               | And let's be honest. In spite of my aversion to the big
               | telco magnates, Jio was a huge improvement over the
               | status quo. I will agree that German internet is shit
               | compared to Indian internet.
        
               | draklor40 wrote:
               | On the contrary this is a praise of how good Internet in
               | India actually is.
        
               | nindalf wrote:
               | It is praise, but it's also obvious to anyone who knows
               | anything about India. This person knew nothing, was my
               | point. And yet they talk so much about related subjects.
        
             | brnt wrote:
             | Getting bogged down by the GDPR isn't demonstrating
             | regulatory capture, just that the policy had a real impact
             | (which may be what people actually want, even if that means
             | it's a hassle for business).
             | 
             | If anything, it's a demonstration the EU, on this point,
             | was not captured by vested interests:
             | https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/regulatory-capture.asp
        
               | jjoonathan wrote:
               | The popups aren't compliant with either the intent or the
               | letter of the law and instead pass under the legal theory
               | of "if all of us are guilty none of us are guilty," which
               | so far seems to be holding.
               | 
               | You could argue that it's not regulatory capture and
               | instead it should be called enforcement capture or
               | judicial capture, but absent that level of nuance I think
               | the more accurate simplification should be "regulatory
               | capture" rather than "real impact."
        
             | bryanrasmussen wrote:
             | I don't think the second shoe of big fines has adequately
             | dropped to be able to determine how much of an effect GDPR
             | actually has.
        
             | scrollaway wrote:
             | It's a shame there were no claimed benefits to privacy but
             | adtech getting bogged down is very much an intended
             | outcome.
             | 
             | The shitty cookie popups and what not are a symptom of how
             | awful the adtech industry is. The alternative to getting
             | bogged down was probably getting outright destroyed, and i
             | don't think EU businesses are ready for that.
        
               | draklor40 wrote:
               | Adtech did not get bogged down. It just got consolidated
               | into fewer, more invasive hands (google, instagram,
               | amazon, etc), that have far more data and most
               | importantly can mine and analyze it better than the 1000s
               | of small ad tech firms.
        
             | kmeisthax wrote:
             | So, I'm going to argue that GDPR didn't go far enough,
             | since the intended (or at least, implied) goal was to put
             | Ad-Tech firms out of business. If your business cannot
             | operate without spying on people, it shouldn't operate.
             | 
             | Being able to confuse people into "consenting" was an
             | unintended consequence, but hopefully the European court
             | system can put a stop to this dark pattern nonsense.
        
         | CivBase wrote:
         | > A - A classification system that makes defines how "easy" it
         | is to repair something, but necessarily doesn't mean that you
         | or I can repair it at home.It will be "easy" IF you have the
         | right 50,000 GBP tool.
         | 
         | Louis Rossmann did a video tearing apart France's recent
         | implementation of this from the perspective of an Apple repair
         | technician. Despite serialized parts, soldered/glued
         | components, and no available schematics, the MacBook Pro got a
         | pretty good repair-ability score (7/10) because it was easy to
         | open the chassis. Meanwhile, Apple certified repair partners
         | (repair professionals, in theory) are so handicapped by the
         | company that they can basically only replace screens and
         | batteries.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PO7vdk_X5W4
        
           | peterlk wrote:
           | I think this pretty well sums up the loophole. You have the
           | right to repair... what? If I buy a macbook, do I get to
           | replace the case? keyboard? These seem pretty reasonable. But
           | what about the right to replace/repair the L1 cache? This is
           | obviously a different story - it would be nice, but the part
           | probably isn't manufactured by Apple (maybe it is on the new
           | Silicon?). My point is that at some point, things start to
           | get blurry, and it is in the manufacturers best interest to
           | continue blurring these lines. I don't think we can
           | reasonably expect the government to do a deep dive into every
           | product category to work all of this out - what would this
           | look like for cars, where safety is a concern?
           | 
           | I think having the law on the books is a move in the right
           | direction, but I don't expect it to have teeth until te can
           | figure out how to actually measure repairability. Maybe the
           | EU could experiment with a supply chain approach like VAT,
           | but for a repairability score? This also sounds fraught...
        
             | PeterisP wrote:
             | "You have the right to repair... what?" - the key
             | expectation is that the parts that wear out within 10 years
             | or are commonly breakable (e.g. screens) should be
             | replaceable. By this criteria, batteries and keyboards
             | apply, but random solid state parts on boards and L1 cache
             | does not.
        
               | at-fates-hands wrote:
               | I agree 100%, but have these sorts of guidelines been
               | included in the right to repair bills that have been
               | making the rounds here in the US?
               | 
               | They should be pretty common sense parts, but I'm not
               | sure how they're actually determining these things in the
               | bills which are being proposed. Do you have any more
               | insight into what's being proposed?
               | 
               | I know there are some 15 states who've introduced
               | legislation, but back in 2018, it was just hearings
               | taking place. I haven't heard or seen any updates since
               | then.
        
             | michaelbuckbee wrote:
             | Nevermind the M1 - what about an Apple watch? I'm wildly
             | out of my depth with this but I look at stuff like this
             | teardown and X-ray of the Apple watch where they describe
             | the distance between components in microns and think that
             | maybe that's reasonably difficult to repair that component.
             | 
             | https://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/Apple+Watch+X-ray+Teardown/
             | 4...
             | 
             | That being said, I would like it if the screen/battery/soc
             | could be replaced independently.
        
             | zepto wrote:
             | > But what about the right to replace/repair the L1 cache?
             | 
             | Are you suggesting the right to repair should include this?
        
               | starmftronajoll wrote:
               | They seem to be suggesting that the L1 cache is obviously
               | a different story. Source: sentence immediately after the
               | one you quoted
        
               | zepto wrote:
               | You haven't answered my question any more than they did.
               | 
               | It's not obvious at all _how_ they think it's different.
               | 
               | It's obviously harder to repair or replace, but it's not
               | clear whether they think the goal is to make it
               | repairable.
        
               | CivBase wrote:
               | To specifically answer your question, I don't think
               | anyone's advocating for users to be provided with parts
               | and schematics to repair a faulty L1 cache on a CPU, or
               | for the CPU to be designed to support that kind of
               | repair.
               | 
               | Most "repairs" come in the form of replacing a component.
               | Many products can be divided into components and those
               | components can recursively be broken down into smaller
               | components. At some point, though, a component cannot
               | reasonably be further divided for the purpose of repair
               | and peterlk appears to imply that a CPU is an example of
               | such a component. Indeed, repairing a faulty L1 cache
               | would probably require so much investment that even the
               | manufacturer itself would not be able to justify such a
               | repair.
               | 
               | > My point is that at some point, things start to get
               | blurry, and it is in the manufacturers best interest to
               | continue blurring these lines.
               | 
               | peterlk goes on to point out that manufacturers often use
               | this fact to their advantage by convincing people that
               | it's not practical to componetize bigger, more expensive
               | parts for the sake of repair, such as the main board
               | assembly on a laptop. In reality, component-level board
               | repair is a practical solution for many repair scenarios,
               | provided you can source the necessary components and
               | schematics.
               | 
               | We lack objective criteria to determine what parts can
               | reasonably be made "repairable" via componetization and
               | manufacturers abuse that to confuse people. I myself
               | thought component-level board repair was a dead end until
               | I stumbled upon Rossmann's channel. I think both you and
               | peterlk are getting to the same point: we need that
               | criteria if we're going to reach the full potential of
               | the right-to-repair movement.
        
               | peterlk wrote:
               | Kind of. I mean, sure, I think it would be really neat to
               | be able to replace the L1 cache myself, but this would
               | probably necessitate a less efficient CPU. Is it fair to
               | fault Apple for using an Intel CPU which itself has no
               | mechanism for internal repair/replaceability? I think it
               | is if we were able to apply the same standard to every
               | product (this is where the VAT idea came from); then the
               | repairability becomes the aggregate of all the parts
               | used, and it's the manufacturer's job to pick repairable
               | parts, but how far do you go?
               | 
               | Does it make sense to lower the repairability score
               | because I can't replace the L1 cache? If the answer is
               | "no", then what is the difference between an L1 cache
               | replacement and a CPU replacement on a fully integrated
               | motherboard (like Apple's new computers)? The answer in
               | my mind is one of convention. Perhaps the solution to
               | this is to enshrine the Von Neumann architecture as a
               | legal standard. But this solution seems like it could
               | limit innovation.
        
               | sharpneli wrote:
               | What about smaller components? If we follow this to the
               | logical conclusion we cannot use integrated circuits at
               | all, as each individual transistor must be replaceable.
               | 
               | The rules needs to be written in a way that allow things,
               | like integrated circuits, to exist but at the same time
               | prevent intentional preventing of repairability.
        
               | zepto wrote:
               | > The answer in my mind is one of convention. Perhaps the
               | solution to this is to enshrine the Von Neumann
               | architecture as a legal standard. But this solution seems
               | like it could limit innovation.
               | 
               | Right - I think this is the issue. People cite cars as an
               | example, but car architecture evolves much more slowly
               | than computer architecture.
               | 
               | Arguably at the present, as we come up against Moore's
               | law limitations, architectural changes should be expected
               | to increase.
               | 
               | Government mandated computer architecture sounds like a
               | great way to completely cede technological advance.
        
             | Nullabillity wrote:
             | How about this:
             | 
             | A device's component is a Leaf Component if it:
             | 
             | 1. Is available on the open market (without special
             | contracts or minimum order quantities)
             | 
             | 2. Can be replaced without specialist equipment or
             | knowledge
             | 
             | 3. Contains components that are not themselves Leaf
             | Components
             | 
             | A device's Cost To Repair is the List Price (price on the
             | open market, before any discounts) of the most expensive
             | Leaf Component.
             | 
             | A device is taxed based on the square of the device's Cost
             | To Repair.
        
           | draklor40 wrote:
           | > Despite serialized parts, soldered/glued components, and no
           | available schematics, the MacBook Pro got a pretty good
           | repair-ability score (7/10) because it was easy to open the
           | chassis. Meanwhile, Apple certified repair partners (repair
           | professionals, in theory) are so handicapped by the company
           | that they can basically only replace screens and batteries.
           | 
           | This is precisely my point. It has a 7/10 rating yet,
           | serialized parts (probably locked down firmware as well) no
           | availability of parts GLUE.
           | 
           | How dafuq is this exactly repairable, by you or I ?
        
         | Zenst wrote:
         | > Given how much of EU innovation is bogged down by regulatory
         | capture, I am extremely skeptical of this (note, I know EU/UK
         | are separated, but nevertheless, lobbying is lobbying,
         | universally)
         | 
         | I share your scepticism about lobbying, was always mindful that
         | Brussels in regards to the EU made lobbiests access to MEP's
         | easier than the people they serve and all in one location - a
         | lobbiyst dream that.
         | 
         | So be interesting how the EU and UK versions of this law
         | diverge over time.
         | 
         | But however cynical I am, it's better than what we have now and
         | from that, a start. How it goes from there will be future
         | changes and debate down the line.
         | 
         | I certainly hope the whole green/eco/responsible ethos is used
         | to drive thru improvements like this and shift away from
         | disposable, cheap, just engineered enough to last a few years
         | when a bit of extra cost would of made it last longer.
        
         | kitd wrote:
         | OTOH, removing things like "Warranty void if this sticker is
         | removed" clauses means the pressure is on manufacturers to
         | actually think carefully about how their product can be
         | repaired.
        
           | marshmallow_12 wrote:
           | Those stickers are probably one of the nastiest things that
           | exist on any hardware, anywhere..
        
       | nanna wrote:
       | ifixit has only ever given two phones 10/10 in its repairability
       | scores, the Fairphone 2 and 3, and only one other phone has
       | scored above 7 since 2017. What we really need is system to
       | seriously penalise manufacturers until they fundamentally change
       | practices.
       | 
       | https://www.ifixit.com/smartphone-repairability?sort=score
        
         | marshmallow_12 wrote:
         | I love ifixit. I think they overdid it a bit with the
         | fairphone, but it's a great tool.
        
       | retSava wrote:
       | Hopefully such things bring forced availability of rare spare
       | parts. If cookie cutter capacitors break, that's nothing really
       | since you can just order them on Mouser et al.
       | 
       | But if a more special part breaks, say a custom voltage regulator
       | to a game console (just since I saw a video on that fail
       | yesterday), I would like for a repair center to be able to buy
       | one such for a reasonable price and have the 500$ console
       | repaired for perhaps 100$ - not scrap it.
        
         | luxuryballs wrote:
         | This kind of stuff is how government "incentives" end up
         | essentially banning devices with such fancy parts because the
         | companies will realize complying would be taking a loss so they
         | just stop participating.
        
           | abainbridge wrote:
           | I think the EU regs have tried to avoid that by specifying
           | the requirements of spares availability case by case. For
           | example, the requirements for washing machines are in C(2019)
           | 2124, annex II. It says:
           | 
           | manufacturers, importers or authorised representatives of
           | household washing machines and household washer-dryers shall
           | make available to professional repairers at least the
           | following spare parts, for a minimum period of ten years
           | after placing the last unit of the model on the market:
           | 
           | * motor and motor brushes;
           | 
           | * transmission between motor and drum;
           | 
           | * pumps;
           | 
           | * shock absorbers and springs;
           | 
           | * washing drum, drum spider and related ball bearings
           | (separately or bundled);
           | 
           | * heaters and heating elements, including heat pumps
           | (separately or bundled);
           | 
           | * piping and related equipment including all hoses, valves,
           | filters and aquastops (separately or bundled);
           | 
           | * printed circuit boards;
        
             | luxuryballs wrote:
             | Thanks for sharing this, though I think it's probably even
             | worse because now they get to essentially play favorites
             | with their regulations which is a major breeding ground for
             | corruption.
        
         | maxbaines wrote:
         | I fear the replacement parts for such a repair will be the
         | entire power supply pcb or enclosure as oppose to the discrete
         | failed components. Therefore complying with the law but likely
         | still expensive compared to new.
        
         | 5h wrote:
         | I suspect the multitude of little plastic catches, clips,
         | switches, levers etc that everything contains now are the major
         | source of appliances being junked.
        
         | kmeisthax wrote:
         | We also need specific exceptions to DMCA 1201-style laws (most
         | countries copypasted the 1201 language) to allow circumvention
         | for repair purposes, and _specifically_ allow distribution of
         | circumvention tools in cases where first-party repair is no
         | longer available. If you don 't service console disc drives
         | anymore, I should legally be able to tell everyone how to
         | unlock their disc drives so they can be swapped with spares.
         | 
         | (For the record: Most 1201 exceptions do NOT cover tools, under
         | the idea that lawful circumvention will be carried out by
         | entities that can do their own RE work.)
        
         | alias_neo wrote:
         | My ~PS300 Tannoy powered subwoofer for my home theatre failed
         | recently.
         | 
         | They refused to honour the 10 year warranty because my proof of
         | purchase wasn't in the right format or some such. Surely proof
         | is proof? I paid the same money as everyone else.
         | 
         | Well, luckily for me, I have a degree in Electronic
         | Engineering, so a week or so of reverse engineering and a few
         | hundred PSs in test equipment later I replaced the 20p Schottky
         | diode which has failed and I have a working sub.
         | 
         | First manufacturers need to put their money where their mouth
         | is regarding warranties, not have stupid obtuse get out
         | clauses.
         | 
         | Secondly, fuck Tannoy, and all associated brands, they just
         | lost a customer for life over this, so much for buying
         | "British" as a Brit, I'll vote with my wallet.
         | 
         | Taking brand suggestions for future purchases who treat their
         | customers a little better.
        
           | bloqs wrote:
           | I can't verify this, other than via the stories specifics
           | make it sound believable, and I've had similar experiences
           | elsewhere. I too will never buy a tannoy product again.
        
         | detritus wrote:
         | The door shelves in our crappy fridge at home have all
         | gradually cracked and split and are held in place by messes of
         | superglue and transparent Gorilla tape. Fed up with this, I
         | priced up replacing them last week.
         | 
         | It'll be cheaper to buy a new fridge.
         | 
         | They're just crappy moulded plastic
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | Part of that cost is molded plastic is cheap only while you
           | have the molds. Once the fridge goes out of production they
           | make a few for spares and then recycle the molds.
           | 
           | The solution to this is to address how spare parts must be
           | handled. This is not easy, either you figure expected
           | lifetime of the shelves vs rest of the fridge, and then order
           | enough - but if you get it wrong you are still out. Or you
           | keep the molds, which also implies equipment to use the molds
           | - but that wears out over time as well and the new model
           | might not use the old molds.
        
             | detritus wrote:
             | I appreciate some of the rationale for the cost, however
             | the fridge itself is less than five years old.
             | 
             | The solution here would be standardised fridge door shelf
             | types, or better yet - sturdier designs that don't
             | gradually crack when the door is shut 'a little jovially',
             | billiarding glass jars around... .
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Standardization is nice in theory, but I'm not sure if it
               | is practical - designers like to make silly little
               | changes for branding reasons all the time. Which is why
               | your 5 year old shelf is probably out of production
               | anyway.
               | 
               | As for sturdier designs: that is a design feature you
               | need to be willing to pay for. Make sure you check on
               | that in the next fridge and tell others. (Price is not a
               | guide to quality - often but not always cheaper fridges
               | are bought by those who buy enough to care about value
               | and quality is a part of value, while the more expensive
               | ones are targeted at people who buy fancy features and
               | don't know to think about quality - but this is a maybe
               | not a guide)
        
               | detritus wrote:
               | For sure, but if there were an ISO standard for fridge
               | doors, I could at least get options that perhaps whilst
               | not exactly the same as what I have aesthetically, would
               | fit functionally.
               | 
               | As an ex/sometime-designer myself, I can appreciate why
               | they'd want to make silly little changes ;)
               | 
               | And yes, as I admitted in my first post here - it IS a
               | crappy fridge. I have only myself to blame.
        
             | simion314 wrote:
             | I wish companies won't update each year their products and
             | add some small design change that makes it hard to reuse
             | parts from older models.
        
             | maxerickson wrote:
             | I would think producing spares after end of production
             | would be expensive even if you kept the molds around.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | One is expensive, but most of the costs is setup/teardown
               | so you just produce a bunch (perhaps 1000) for the
               | warehouse when supply runs low. That is how companies
               | that keep their molds function, but you pay for them to
               | store the mold and have a warehouse with all the supply
               | in, so spare parts are always a lot more expensive after
               | full production has stopped.
               | 
               | Don't confuse spare parts with maintenance parts. If
               | there are wear parts (filters, bearings...) that are
               | expected to be replaced regularly there is a lot more
               | turn over of the parts, and so everything is planned
               | ahead around keeping the right amount of production
               | going. These parts tend to be more industry standard
               | parts bought off the shelf from a supplier that has other
               | customers for the same part so your part order might go
               | to the supplier who just puts a different label on the
               | standard part and ships it to you.
        
       | penguin_booze wrote:
       | I had to get a couple of appliances repaired recently. The handy
       | man charges a minimum of 50 GBP per hour. Established and
       | organized business charge upwards of 100 as a call-out charge
       | alone (parts extra). If it's a non-trivial electronic repair, the
       | spare would cost 150+ (and they're allowed to mark up prices as
       | they please). Now add all that up, and a sweet 20% VAT on top,
       | and voila, that's nearly how much a new one costs, plus it comes
       | with n years of warranty; even better, I get the opportunity buy
       | extended warranty. What I didn't mention is the waiting time for
       | someone to visit in the first place.
       | 
       | Essentially, it's economical and sensible to get at most one
       | repair on an appliance done. If it's an appliance on which you
       | depend daily, you might not be in a position to wait to get it
       | repaired.
       | 
       | Solution: get a new one. Nearly same cost; no wait; new features.
       | Plus, they'll also take away your old one, and may even give you
       | a discount.
       | 
       | Summary: I'm skeptical this changes anything.
        
         | Varriount wrote:
         | I have to wonder - was repairing (rather than replacing)
         | appliances cheaper in the past? If so, is there a clear cause
         | on why repair prices have changed?
        
           | oliwarner wrote:
           | Significantly. A 1952 washing machine cost $300 back then.
           | That had the buying power of about $3k now.
        
           | tpmx wrote:
           | Appliances are comparatively cheaper now because production
           | has been moved to low-wage countries. And also because of
           | productivity increases from automation.
           | 
           | It's harder to move the repair to low-wage countries or to
           | automate it.
        
           | Cosmin_C wrote:
           | Not necessarily cheaper but much easier. Plus, it was
           | convenient as new appliances were quite a lot more expensive
           | (and may I add much more durable).
           | 
           | Nowadays trying to repair an appliance you run into all sorts
           | of issues like missing schematics (and it's much harder to
           | make out what does what on a logic board of a washing machine
           | for example), low parts availability + serialized parts +
           | firmware locks (this is mostly Apple though).
           | 
           | My issue is that new stuff doesn't really seem to be made to
           | last. My last washing machine lasted exactly warranty + 7
           | days. Meanwhile, mum still has a washing machine close to 30
           | years old which still works great (with some repairs every
           | few years with super cheap parts). And nowadays it's mostly
           | plastic with a dash of metal instead of the other way around
           | (unless you like moving the washing machine every week the
           | "but it's lighter" argument is moot)
        
         | oliwarner wrote:
         | But if you can do it yourself, the economics change
         | dramatically.
         | 
         | I'm not sure what the proposed law changes in this respect.
         | I've fixed boilers, phones, computers, TVs, dishwashers and
         | washing machines to varying degrees without call-out costs.
         | Part availability has never really been an issue.
        
           | kenmacd wrote:
           | That's great, but companies are taking direct actions to make
           | this more difficult or even illegal.
           | 
           | Try to repair your tractor, or the software in an older
           | phone/tablet/tv. The software will actively prevent it, and
           | if you break that digital lock you've broken the law in a lot
           | of places.
        
       | Proven wrote:
       | 1) it's not a right
       | 
       | 2) it's yet another tax on all those who prefer cheaper products
       | that aren't DIY serviceable
        
       | pabs3 wrote:
       | Wonder if this includes a right to repair/replace software
       | running on a device.
        
         | superbcarrot wrote:
         | How could it possibly? Is there a way to do this without
         | requiring all open-source software?
        
           | pabs3 wrote:
           | The main issue is customers should have the ability to
           | disable lockdown to install their own OS. For fixing issues,
           | the source code could be shared with customers under a
           | license permitting individual use/modification, but not
           | distribution etc.
        
       | golemiprague wrote:
       | That will make everything more expensive since manufacturers will
       | have to have a huge stock of spare parts, probably most of them
       | are not going to be used ever.
       | 
       | Why can't they just make a rule that people can fix things and
       | that's it. The whole problem is not with spare parts to washing
       | machines but with companies like apple not letting you open their
       | devices intentionally, this is the problem they had to deal with.
       | It is the same thing like this cookie message stupidity.
        
       | tester34 wrote:
       | Did shitton of HNers recently turned into being paid by
       | $BIG_CORPO?
       | 
       | oh wait, they actually are.
       | 
       | I'm shocked by that negative response
        
         | ad404b8a372f2b9 wrote:
         | Top comment being a dunk on the GDPR by an ex Ad-Tech employee
         | is peak HN.
        
       | MaxBarraclough wrote:
       | > Manufacturers will be legally obliged to make spare parts for
       | products available to consumers for the first time - a new legal
       | right for repairs.
       | 
       | I take it that third-parties will not get any new freedoms then,
       | and that things like design patents will continue to apply there.
       | I wonder if the law will have anything to say about price-point,
       | if there's no competition.
       | 
       | I was surprised to see no mention of the matter of companies
       | deliberately engineering their products to be hostile to user
       | repairs. I was under the impression that forbidding that kind of
       | thing was the main point of right-to-repair legislation.
       | 
       | (For example, one part of the system might verify that a
       | peripheral has some cryptographic key to prove that it's an
       | authentic first-party part. With this technique, third-party
       | products either don't work, or are set upon by lawyers for
       | breaking copyright law in cloning the key.)
        
         | foobar33333 wrote:
         | These laws might not go far enough but they might be more of a
         | threat to corporations. Corps may start making their products
         | just friendly enough to avoid new laws which would be stricter
         | and out of their control.
        
       | matthewfelgate wrote:
       | It sounds good but it's going to depend on the small-print.
       | 
       | Maybe limits of the repair costs?
       | 
       | Being able to attempt repairs without compromising warranty would
       | be good.
        
       | smitty1e wrote:
       | Whither capitalism?
       | 
       | Why are companies not marketing along the lines of: "You can
       | tinker with this. Our product does not treat _you_ like the
       | product. "
       | 
       | I'd pay a 20% premium or so not to be spied upon and enslaved.
       | "Freedom isn't free. There's a heavy [FLOWERBED] fee."
        
         | derfitt wrote:
         | What if it was a 200% premium?
        
           | Mordisquitos wrote:
           | What if it was a 0% premium, because businesses unable to
           | adapt to new regulations without increasing their prices by
           | 20% or 200% (!) are competed out of the market by those able
           | to be more efficient, reduce their expenditures, or cut back
           | their profits?
        
         | missedthecue wrote:
         | Because most consumers don't want that.
        
         | krapp wrote:
         | >I'd pay a 20% premium or so not to be spied upon and enslaved.
         | "Freedom isn't free. There's a heavy [FLOWERBED] fee."
         | 
         | Most people wouldn't, and there's more money in proprietary
         | lock-in and servicing than there is marketing to the tinkering
         | fringe.
         | 
         | Thither capitalism.
        
         | SyzygistSix wrote:
         | Most people find the DIY ethic completely alien. The number of
         | people impressed that I could make my own burritos - requiring
         | about the same skill as making a sandwich - is pretty
         | indicative. The numbers on adoption of the Linux desktop is
         | another, I think.
        
       | helloguillecl wrote:
       | I think many of us are ignoring the environmental impact and
       | hassle derived from the act of having to buy new instead of
       | repairing:
       | 
       | - Found out what happened in the first place.
       | 
       | - Looking for a new model you like since the one you already had
       | and liked doesn't exist anymore. Price compare. Get it delivered
       | and possibly wait a few days.
       | 
       | - Possibly the appliance must be installed by a technician.
       | Arrange an appointment for that.
       | 
       | - Set up the machine and get everyone to learn how to use the
       | appliance.
       | 
       | - Find out that some things don't work as they used to.
       | 
       | - Dispose the plastics, papers from the packaging.
       | 
       | - Scan the new manual for your records.
       | 
       | - Dispose the old appliance in a proper way (electronic trash
       | must be disposed in other facilities than the packaging)
       | 
       | - Repeat.
       | 
       | This is about giving the possibility of repairs. The consumer is
       | to decide what is economically posible, but I think a lot of
       | possibilities might open up, like remote-assisted repairs and
       | tutorials.
        
       | aboringusername wrote:
       | When everything is a commodity it's hard to see how this will be
       | useful.
       | 
       | When an appliance (fridge, cooker, washing machine) breaks, it's
       | cheaper to replace. I cannot see how repairing a TV will ever be
       | cheaper than just replacing it since they are so cheap brand new.
       | 
       | This also applies to smartphones, none of the popular models have
       | replaceable batteries so in the trash they go and they become
       | worthless, even if the hardware could keep up for 10 years often
       | the software is outdated, inseceure and not worth using.
       | 
       | I'll be hard pressed to believe this will result in anything
       | tangible. The real test is if they can convince Apple to make
       | Louis' job easier, wouldn't that be nice.
        
         | intricatedetail wrote:
         | This is a myth. It used to be that tools for SMD rework were
         | expensive and inaccessible, but now you can get a good kit with
         | a trinocular microscope for under $1000. It is still quite a
         | bit, but reachable if you want to start small repair business
         | in your community. I'd say bigger problem are high taxes and
         | bureaucracy.
        
         | mytailorisrich wrote:
         | That's because this sort of legislation (in the UK and in the
         | EU) is driven by superficial thinking and politics, not data-
         | driven analysis and pragmatic considerations.
         | 
         | People go " _why don 't they just make things simpler to
         | repair?_" like it was an obvious solution to problems (real or
         | perceived) whereas the reality is obviously much more complex.
         | 
         | Appliances are already quite durable and repairable. Making
         | things 'more repairable' can increase cost and resources
         | needed. Cost of labour and parts can quickly render repairs
         | uneconomical even if they would be perfectly doable. Some
         | devices are so integrated (e.g. TVs these days) that the very
         | concept of 'repair' is almost meaningless. People do not
         | necessarily _want_ to repair a broken old device because there
         | are better new ones available.
         | 
         | These are all competing considerations and the issue is
         | therefore complex.
         | 
         | I would rather they focus on ease of recycling. The EU
         | legislation has some measures on recycling but gets too much
         | diverted by this "right to repair", IMHO.
        
           | keerk43 wrote:
           | Right to repair or upgrade may not make sense for all
           | appliances, but for some it definitely does. For example,
           | early 2010's Macbook Pro's remain perfectly usable when
           | upgraded with SSD and more RAM, while more modern ones don't
           | allow any upgrade whatsoever and will become obsolete much
           | faster. For many electronic devices repairability is easy to
           | implement, at least for a little extra cost, and is certainly
           | more environmentally friendly than recycling them.
           | 
           | So, I think for many classes of products right to repair
           | makes sense, and should be implemented even if it raises the
           | cost of buying a new device, since the boost in second-hand
           | options will eventually be good for people who don't have so
           | much money.
           | 
           | Recycling is good too, but not as good using a device longer
           | since not all can be recycled, and the process typically
           | requires energy.
        
           | statstutor wrote:
           | > Making things 'more repairable' can increase cost and
           | resources needed.
           | 
           | I don't think this is in dispute, is it?
           | 
           | The point is that manufacturers must now consider this cost
           | in their calculations, rather than pass all the consequences
           | on to the consumer without caring.
           | 
           | > People do not necessarily want to repair a broken old
           | device
           | 
           | If the old device still has value, then both can happen - I
           | can get a new device, and pass my old device on for repair
           | and re-use.
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | > The point is that manufacturers must now consider this
             | cost in their calculations, rather than pass all the
             | consequences on to the consumer without caring.
             | 
             | If this was the goal, then simply taxing fossil fuels and
             | other polluting sources would be the ideal and simple
             | solution. How high would the taxes need to be? However high
             | it takes to get pollution levels down to where they need to
             | be. The actual cost of a new item would be properly
             | reflected in the price, and therefore incentivize the
             | purchasing of reusable and repairable items, which would
             | incentivize manufacturers making reusable and repairable
             | items.
             | 
             | Of course, that would bring the world's economy to a half,
             | as governments' expectations and calculations are assumed
             | on continuously increasing consumption.
        
               | statstutor wrote:
               | I'm a bit lost. I don't see how this is relevant to the
               | discussion at all.
               | 
               | Manufacturers already pay $ proportional to the amount of
               | fossil fuels spent, and this doesn't cause them to
               | consider future consequences on the consumer. They still
               | think vendor lock-in and planned obsolescence are to
               | their advantage.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Only because the true cost of fossil fuels and other
               | pollution isn't reflected in the sale price to the end
               | users, so it's often cheaper to buy new rather than
               | repaired products.
               | 
               | If the true cost of pollution were pushed into the sale
               | price for end users, end users would have to reduce their
               | purchases of non repairable items, and consumers would
               | then value repairability as a feature, incentivizing
               | manufacturers to cater to that.
               | 
               | It's much easier to force the change this way than
               | through figuring out the correct wording in legislation,
               | which is bound to have loopholes and be subject to costly
               | (time wise) legal conflicts.
               | 
               | The root of the issue is that things are so cheap,
               | repairing them makes no sense, regardless of repair-
               | ability. Manufacturers didn't one day decide to drop
               | repair-ability. One did it, and found that they were not
               | punished by consumers. In fact, they were probably
               | rewarded by offering new "features". Then another
               | manufacturer did it, then another, and so on. And
               | obviously, it works. I just went to someone's house who
               | was showing off their fancy new fridge with a see through
               | door.
               | 
               | Of course, the very very root of the issue is humanity's
               | excess consumption which is causing harm to the
               | environment we live in, but as I wrote earlier, that
               | faces insurmountable political headwinds.
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | "Appliances are already quite durable and repairable."
           | 
           | Do you live in fanatsy land? they don't come with schematics,
           | they don't come witj repair manuals, sale or replacement
           | parts is pyrposefully restricted, firmware is locked, they
           | are stuck together with glue and their mean time between
           | failure is deacreasing. What else has to happen for you to
           | accept the real world?
           | 
           | "I would rather they focus on ease of recycling."
           | 
           | Repair will always be easier than recycling because laws of
           | physics. Plastic and electronics are basically unrecycleable,
           | and extremely expensive to dispose of priperly?
        
         | simion314 wrote:
         | I had my fridge repaired this summer. A repair person come with
         | his car and tools at my home, spent 2 hours to find and fix the
         | fridge and I think it costed me less then 20% of the fridge
         | full price. It is a real waste to throw a good fridge engine
         | because the doors is not closing properly or a pipe is leaking
         | some gas.
         | 
         | I live in Romania so this might not apply to other places so
         | your experience is localized not global, and with an expensive
         | enough product (like a super expensive TV or laptop) I bet most
         | people would want it fixed and spent the money on some other
         | gadget.
        
         | edent wrote:
         | I repaired a new-ish TV - cost me PS30.
         | 
         | https://shkspr.mobi/blog/2020/10/replacing-the-motionengine-...
         | 
         | If you can find me a new TV at that price, please let me know!
         | 
         | Yes, getting in a professional at PSX per hour means it is
         | probably not economical to repair a cheap washing machine. But
         | if the parts and manuals are easily available, it suddenly
         | becomes a lot quicker and easier to repair it yourself rather
         | than replace.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | foobar33333 wrote:
           | The problem is you need to be highly skilled to do that
           | repair. So many times I have ordered replacement parts and
           | then either broken something like a plastic ribbon cable
           | connector, or I have installed the new part and it still
           | doesn't work.
        
             | edent wrote:
             | I cannot emphasise enough how NOT highly skilled I am. That
             | repair could have been done by anyone with a screwdriver
             | and a steady hand. Take a look at the photos in my blog-
             | post and tell me what was complicated.
             | 
             | OK, I don't have the skills to desolder and replace a
             | busted capacitor. But most domestic equipment is pretty
             | plug-and-play.
             | 
             | I am unable to use a multimeter to diagnose an issue. But
             | lots of devices come with error codes and diagnostic
             | manuals are online.
        
             | MayeulC wrote:
             | Highly skilled? I don't think so. You just have to be very
             | careful, and pay attention to the right things (ESD, cut
             | the power, short circuits, etc).
             | 
             | Secondly, the diagnostic needs to be correct. Multiple
             | faillures is unlikely if there is no external cause (surge,
             | flooding...) or cascading failures.
             | 
             | Both of the above points can be solved with good
             | documentation. I've seen very good servicing manuals, this
             | is part of the reason I prefer thinkpads these days (though
             | they could always contain more details...). With good
             | servicing instructions, I've been able to perform repairs
             | in no time on things I didn't know much about.
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | A good manual makes all the difference for me, it gives
               | confidence that I'll be able to even open the thing
               | without breaking it.
        
               | jhrozek wrote:
               | I think your reply shows that you are already very
               | skilled.
               | 
               | Other comments mentioned replacing a diode -- I know what
               | a diode is conceptually, but I have no idea how does it
               | look in the appliance, where would I buy a new one or how
               | to replace it.
               | 
               | Being as clueless as I am, my only option is to call a
               | proffessional. Sometimes it is worth it -- I had a fan on
               | my MacBook replaced for ~700 SEK which is a fraction of
               | the price, but sometimes it's not. Our 1 y/o kitchen oven
               | bought from IKEA started malfunctioning, so we called one
               | of the repair centers they subcontract repairs to. They
               | sent us an invoice by accident even though the oven was
               | covered by a warranty and I couldn't believe my eyes. The
               | cost of the new oven was IIRC ~5000 SEK (~500 USD), but
               | the repair was over 4500 SEK, 3k for the replacement part
               | (!?!) and 1500 for the repairman to come and do their
               | job. I didn't know the cost upfront and I guess they
               | wouldn't have told me an estimate without looking at the
               | oven, at which point I would have to pay the labour cost
               | anyway..
               | 
               | So sadly, given the cost, I would have probably opted for
               | just buying a new item if the faulty one is out of
               | warranty..
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | Spare parts are an example of monopoly pricing - the
               | original manufacturer is usually the only source of parts
               | for any given product, so they can charge what they want
               | (usually as much as possible, such that it's only just
               | worth it to do any given repair vs. replacing the whole
               | thing)
        
               | gpderetta wrote:
               | If products can be repaired easily, even if it is not
               | worth paying to repair it or one is not skilled enough to
               | repair it, there might still be a market for broken down
               | items as people with skills might buy them, fix them and
               | use or resell them. It beats throwing stuff in the trash.
        
               | jhrozek wrote:
               | Yeah, that's a really good point and I would actually
               | love for my old stuff to be reused by /anyone/.
        
               | MayeulC wrote:
               | Hmm, I am just confident in my ability to follow
               | instructions. I am certainly highly skilled in
               | electronics, but repairing stuff isn't necessarily
               | limited to that.
               | 
               | With good instructions, I can set out to repair
               | mechanical parts as well (replace parts of an engine for
               | instance), high-voltage devices, masonry, or other stuff
               | I have never done before.
               | 
               | A good manual can make the whole difference between a
               | successful repair, dealing a finishing blow to a product,
               | or endangering yourself/others.
               | 
               | Making repairs easier probably makes them cheaper as well
               | (less skilled employees can attempt them, it takes less
               | time and is much more enjoyable). I know I would charge
               | less.
               | 
               | Of course, the product has to be designed to make repairs
               | possible, otherwise it requires a whole other level of
               | skill (unglue parts, precisely cut where you need to).
               | 
               | And lastly, you can only go as far as your equipment will
               | allow you. Sometimes all you need is a (included)
               | screwdriver, but not everyone has a milling machine handy
               | (though that would be an interesting use-case for
               | fablabs).
        
             | CivBase wrote:
             | > The problem is you need to be highly skilled to do that
             | repair.
             | 
             | You also need to be highly skilled to do a lot of
             | automotive repairs, which is why there is a thriving market
             | of third-party mechanics who will perform those repairs for
             | a fraction of the cost of buying a new vehicle. The same
             | can (and should, IMO) be true for electronics.
        
         | BiteCode_dev wrote:
         | > When an appliance (fridge, cooker, washing machine) breaks,
         | it's cheaper to replace.
         | 
         | Depends how much you paid for it, where you live, what it means
         | to procure one, etc.
         | 
         | Also, cost might not be the only factor for you. Ethic,
         | preferences, attachment or logistic can kick in.
        
         | kumarharsh wrote:
         | I thought the same too, until recently.
         | 
         | We had an old mixer-grinder which ran for a decade or so. After
         | it broke down, I went to an official repair shop, and they
         | quoted an amount which make buying a new one a better option.
         | So we did - from different company. It turned out that the new
         | one constantly gave us problems, but we stuck with it for
         | years. And one day while cleaning up our home, we found the old
         | mixer and gave it to our domestic help to keep if she could get
         | it repaired.
         | 
         | She did get it repaired. For less than a DOLLAR! And it still
         | runs better than the new-fangled mixer.
        
         | xd wrote:
         | I've repaired all my appliances myself over the last 20+ years,
         | to say it's cheaper to replace is just plain false, even today.
         | Most faults are easy fixes like sensors or motors and even the
         | higher end PCB replacements work out cheaper.
         | 
         | However! if you are not inclined to fix yourself then the costs
         | to have someone else fix your appliances may not work out as
         | cost effective.
        
           | knorker wrote:
           | That's fine. I'd rather give an old broken fridge for free to
           | someone who'll actually fix it, than throw it away.
           | 
           | Like with old computer stuff. I go out of my way to find
           | someone else who needs it, because 1) I hate the waste and
           | environmental impact, and 2) in my poorer days I was the
           | recipient of "old garbage computer stuff" as my _only_
           | computer stuff.
           | 
           | I had an old shitty laptop with no battery, that I found an
           | old motorcycle lead-acid battery I could hook up. With a
           | couple of diodes I could even charge it through the laptop. I
           | could never afford a real laptop, but this was a computer on
           | the go for me.
           | 
           | A friend of mine couldn't afford batteries for his
           | calculator, so he took a scrap power adapter and hooked it up
           | to its battery terminals.
           | 
           | I'm fine with someone getting $50k of tooling and then being
           | able to create a reuse market. Better to not need it, but
           | it's also not realistic to have a law that mandates that all
           | electronics must be repairable with a screwdriver and a pair
           | of plyers.
        
         | ed_balls wrote:
         | > When an appliance (fridge, cooker, washing machine) breaks,
         | it's cheaper to replace
         | 
         | In a lot of cases it's not, but people don't want to
         | troubleshoot or 3rd part makes more money by replacing it.
         | 
         | I try to fix my suff not for economical reasons, but
         | environmental. In many instances I also save time as well. A
         | few examples:
         | 
         | - car service wanted to replace windshield wipers on my car. I
         | took a piece of sandpaper and cleaned up wax and oxidised
         | rubber. They could last an extra year.
         | 
         | - Microwave stopped working. I cleaned up the connector to the
         | magnetron. I took me less time than buying a new one.
         | 
         | - Plumbing under the sink. Pretty sure the plumber would like
         | to replace everything and charge me a lot, plus it would take a
         | few hours to find a guy, book him and be at home at that time.
         | 
         | I think I save about 10h and over $500 per year. It's often fun
         | to replace something.
        
           | HPsquared wrote:
           | I agree on the time thing, if you have the inclination it's
           | often easier/faster to just fix something, rather than all
           | the hassle of replacing it (not even counting the monetary
           | saving)
        
       | jokethrowaway wrote:
       | Good luck enforcing any of this.
       | 
       | As for hundreds other useless regulations that bog us down.
       | 
       | For example, compare the warranty process with Apple and with any
       | of the other laptop companies. If regulations worked you wouldn't
       | even consider warranty to be a good selling point.
       | 
       | Still I've been burned by warranties services so many times,
       | threatened to report, reported to consumer report and I got
       | nothing out of it. I don't even consider it. I just buy crap I'll
       | try to fix myself if it breaks or I buy from a reputable company.
       | 
       | What are the regulations doing for us then?
       | 
       | How many companies using dark patterns in their EU imposed cookie
       | banners have been fined?
        
         | blub wrote:
         | Apple has been sued multiple times in the EU because of onerous
         | warranty practices and lost. Obviously their working warranty
         | doesn't work so great.
         | 
         | There's at least one website tracking GDPR fines. It's gonna
         | take a while given that _everyone_ is illegitimately collecting
         | data on their visitors /customers.
        
           | a1369209993 wrote:
           | The fact that, after being sued once and doing nothing to fix
           | it, then being sued _again_ , for _the same thing_ , a
           | company is still solvent, is evidence _against_ regulation
           | being effective. If the regulation was effective, they 'd
           | either shape up or be bankrupted by fines.
        
       | aminozuur wrote:
       | If you ever wondered why electronics such as Apple products cost
       | 30% more in European countries, it's because of regulations such
       | as these.
        
         | spzb wrote:
         | [citation needed]
        
         | hehetrthrthrjn wrote:
         | Apple gear costs more in Europe because the market will bear
         | it. It has almost nothing to do with regulations, which almost
         | always benefits consumers at little cost. If prices are high
         | it's usually due to a lack of competition.
         | 
         | Here's a couple of examples:
         | 
         | Free international roaming for mobile phones plans in the EU
         | has caused the price of phone plans to move very little and
         | mostly at the rock bottom end of the scale.
         | 
         | I bought the cheapest Kia Rio I could in 2016. It was bottom of
         | the range (trim level) and yet it was decked out with ABS,
         | electronic stability control and tire pressure monitoring. At
         | least two of those things has saved me from a serious accident
         | over the years. The only reason they were included was because
         | they are mandated by the EU on all cars.
        
       | Hani1337 wrote:
       | No one's gonna mention they're literally just copying the EU law
       | that was passed last week?
        
         | aembleton wrote:
         | It's the third sentence from the article: "They are keeping a
         | promise to implement EU rules aimed at cutting energy and bills
         | - and reducing the need for new materials."
        
       | intricatedetail wrote:
       | Would be great if they defined what is a spare part. Somehow I
       | have a feeling that this is just a PR to shut right to repair
       | campaigns down by saying "look we have implemented this, what
       | else do you want?" Reality will be you still won't be able to buy
       | individual custom ICs with their datasheets but whole PCBs at a
       | prices only slightly cheaper than a new product.
        
         | wiz21c wrote:
         | Shhh... You're going to give them ideas... :-)
         | 
         | Now, at least there's a law. Then in a few years, other will
         | want to widen that law, etc. In the end, we'll get there...
        
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