[HN Gopher] Women dominated beer brewing until they were accused...
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       Women dominated beer brewing until they were accused of being
       witches
        
       Author : jctwinkle
       Score  : 47 points
       Date   : 2021-03-09 21:51 UTC (1 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.smithsonianmag.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.smithsonianmag.com)
        
       | elmomle wrote:
       | This is fascinating, though I'm rather disappointed by their
       | citation of sources (or non-sources).
       | 
       | The most salient citation in the whole article, with the text
       | "accused female brewers of being witches", points to
       | https://bigthink.com/scotty-hendricks/the-dark-history-of-wo... .
       | This article makes absolutely no reference to female brewers
       | being accused of being witches.
       | 
       | Now, I find it plausible and even fairly likely that campaigns
       | against witchcraft also resulted in women being forced out of
       | beer production (to say nothing of the deaths of many women whose
       | sole crime was their independence), but this isn't about that for
       | me. It's lazy at best or dishonest at worst to imply that a
       | source backs up a core statement of your article when it does
       | not.
       | 
       | It's all the worse that the Smithsonian article is mostly a
       | shameless repackaging of the BigThink article, with the unsourced
       | (though we're made to think it's sourced!) prosecution-of-
       | alewives-for-witchcraft claim being the main addition of this new
       | article!
        
       | scarmig wrote:
       | The issue with this type of article is that it's less interested
       | in being an accurate depiction of reality than it is feeding
       | certain popular narratives.
       | 
       | There's a kernel of truth: women in many cultures held
       | responsibility for food preparation, and beer was an important
       | method of preparing and preserving food. Brewsters are thus an
       | essential part of the history of brewing. You can go too far in
       | this--men also made plenty of beer (e.g. monastic), but it's true
       | that beer-making was feminine-coded until the early modern era.
       | 
       | But there is absolutely no evidence that accusations of
       | witchcraft were used to murder innocent brewsters so that
       | dastardly men could come and dominate the market. What does the
       | article attribute this to?
       | 
       | > Just as women were establishing their foothold in the beer
       | markets of England, Ireland and the rest of Europe, the
       | Inquisition began.
       | 
       | This makes no sense at all. The Inquisition wasn't some universal
       | phenomenon that swept the entirety of Europe from the Atlantic to
       | the Urals: it was a locally scoped institution centered on
       | Catholic Mediterranean countries, particularly Spain. Catholic
       | Ireland barely experienced it owing to separation from the
       | continent, and Protestant England didn't have one at all.
       | 
       | Let's be generous, though, and reinterpret this sloppiness as
       | "men used the religious turmoil at the time to accuse women of
       | witchcraft with a renewed salience." Indeed, the article says:
       | 
       | > To reduce their competition in the beer trade, these men
       | accused female brewers of being witches and using their cauldrons
       | to brew up magic potions instead of booze.
       | 
       | With "these men accused female brewers of being witches" being a
       | link to https://bigthink.com/scotty-hendricks/the-dark-history-
       | of-wo...! Wonderful, maybe some concrete evidence.
       | 
       | But as we click on it to find out about these accusations, it
       | turns out the article doesn't even make a claim that female
       | brewers were accused of being witches, let alone provide evidence
       | that it happened.
       | 
       | It's a flimsy series of unsupported claims only held together by
       | the hope that readers will turn off their critical thinking
       | because it's being published on smithsonianmag.com, and the
       | knowledge that anyone calling out its flimsiness will be accused
       | of being a misogynist. Of course, for every one person who
       | realizes the article is nonsense, a hundred people will now know
       | for a fact that women invented beer and witchcraft was used to
       | steel beer from women because the Smithsonian said so.
        
       | pskinner wrote:
       | A lot of this is not true. The majority of women accused (in the
       | UK) were accused by other women, not these all powerful male
       | brewers - around 500 people (men included) were found guilty of
       | witchcraft in the UK during this period, out of roughly 2000
       | accused.
       | 
       | This is biased material promoting a political ideal and not
       | factual.
        
       | Footkerchief wrote:
       | Good luck finding any substantiable facts or useful citations in
       | this article. Here's an article with actual sources:
       | 
       | https://digpodcast.org/2018/10/21/witches-brew-how-the-patri...
        
         | scarmig wrote:
         | Much better article. It does have this point:
         | 
         | > That said, I haven't found any evidence to suggest that
         | brewsters were more likely to be accused of or killed for
         | witchcraft than other women. Bennett certainly doesn't make
         | that claim.
        
         | c06n wrote:
         | I cannot trust an article (podcast) where people say the
         | following:
         | 
         | > Historian Judith Bennett notes that medieval women made about
         | 1d./day while men made 1 1/2 or 2d./day when doing similar
         | work, like brewing, as men. 700 years later, women still make
         | just 80 cents on the dollar for doing the same work as men.
         | 
         | The statement "80 cts on the dollar for the same work" is a
         | falsehood. Simple as that. If people cannot get these simple
         | facts right, I will not trust the rest they are saying.
        
       | monksy wrote:
       | Well to be fair.. they were making some wicked brews.
        
         | phekunde wrote:
         | Wrong timing!
        
           | nomel wrote:
           | I'll check back in another 500 years to see if I can laugh at
           | the joke yet.
        
       | saladgnu054 wrote:
       | Ah yes, another article on the war to sow hatred among people.
       | Good job.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Please don't post unsubstantive or flamebait comments to HN.
         | We're trying for a different sort of conversation here.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
         | zionic wrote:
         | Glad to see this here calling the article out for what it is.
        
           | dang wrote:
           | Please don't post like this. We're trying to avoid the online
           | shaming/callout culture on HN, because it leads to extremely
           | predictable (and nasty) interactions. The goal of this site
           | is unpredictable and kind interaction, oriented around
           | curiosity.
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
           | redis_mlc wrote:
           | That was the intention of the author, but her words tell a
           | different story:
           | 
           | "In the 1500s some towns, such as Chester, England, actually
           | made it illegal for most women to sell beer, worried that
           | young alewives would grow up into old spinsters."
           | 
           | Young women today are being told that work is more important
           | than having children, but find out in their 30s that it was a
           | lie - when it's often too late. They're not called spinsters
           | now, they're called cat ladies.
        
       | notJim wrote:
       | I heard a podcast (sadly hidden behind another wonderful platform
       | startup's paywall) featuring Judith Bennett, who is a scholar on
       | this topic, and IIRC she makes the argument that what really
       | drove women out of brewing was access to capital and to markets.
       | When brewing was a smalltime village affair, it was easy for
       | women to participate, because they would make beer for their
       | local markets and their family. The beer didn't last very long,
       | partly because they didn't have hops yet, so transporting it over
       | long distances wasn't really possible.
       | 
       | As hops were adopted, people started transporting beer over
       | longer distances, because it kept better. Unfortunately, at the
       | time, it wasn't acceptable or safe for women to travel long
       | distances, which meant that men tended to step in more.
       | Additionally, larger batches and longer distances meant raising
       | capital was more important. At the time, women couldn't really
       | enter contracts from what I remember, so the husband had step in
       | there as well. It seems like we suspect that women were often
       | doing the real brewing, but under their husbands name, but over
       | time this resulted in brewing turning into men's work.
       | 
       | The podcast is Tides of History (which I strongly recommend), and
       | Bennet's book (which I have not read) is called Ale, Beer, and
       | Brewsters in England: Women's Work in a Changing World,
       | 1300-1600.
        
       | cambalache wrote:
       | As always the real reason is buried 1 or 2 articles down
       | 
       | > Historically women were involved in brewing, since it was seen
       | as another domestic task.
       | 
       | This is it. Move along.
        
         | lovegoblin wrote:
         | Sure. Why dig deeper when a surface-level answer will do?
        
           | cambalache wrote:
           | Yeah, let's make an elaborate tale with no serious
           | scholarship behind instead.
        
       | krtkush wrote:
       | Something very similar - https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-
       | news/computer-programmi...
        
         | exporectomy wrote:
         | That article actually identifies certain actions of male
         | programmers that it credits with the reason most programmers
         | are male today. That's certainly not known. The article is just
         | a sexist rant.
        
       | balthasar wrote:
       | I read it as women dominated beer pong.
        
         | nomy99 wrote:
         | maybe that's what triggered the witch hunt
        
       | defen wrote:
       | > The process took time and dedication: hours to prepare the ale,
       | sweep the floors clean and lift heavy bundles of rye and grain
       | 
       | I wonder if they really were brewing up "magic potions"
       | (inadvertently) with ergot contaminated rye. I've seen people
       | suggest that ergot poisoning could explain some of the truly
       | weird behavior that you sometimes hear about from the Middle
       | Ages.
        
         | marzell wrote:
         | Well yeah, probably at some point. They were also preparing
         | food which included rye. Isn't this one of the common
         | speculated causes for witch hunts and the like?
        
         | yesbabyyes wrote:
         | Before settling on hops (which has a calming effect, btw), it
         | was common to use henbane in beer brewing. See also e.g.
         | https://oct.co/essays/history-hallucinogenic-beers-magic-mus...
        
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       (page generated 2021-03-09 23:02 UTC)