[HN Gopher] Girls perform better academically in almost all coun...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Girls perform better academically in almost all countries (2015)
        
       Author : ddtaylor
       Score  : 206 points
       Date   : 2021-03-09 18:22 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.economist.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.economist.com)
        
       | neonate wrote:
       | https://archive.is/E6NWK
        
       | paxys wrote:
       | This has historically been true in India, but mostly because only
       | smarter, more upper-class girls (so those actually interested in
       | education) were allowed to study beyond the primary school level.
       | Boys need a college degree no matter the circumstance, and thus
       | drag the average down.
        
       | sriku wrote:
       | From a personal perspective (Indian here), it feels odd that this
       | would make news. I've been a fairly good "performer" at high
       | school and have always had a hard time getting the better of my
       | girl classmates. The acad stuff just seemed too easy for them.
       | They'd remember and recall things so well and that would make me
       | curse under my breath. Their language and general maturity was
       | also much better that I could hope for at that point.
        
         | cobraetor wrote:
         | Hacker News has a progressive Silicon Valley bias, where
         | Critical Race Theory provides a religious explanation
         | ("systemic bias") for under-representation of women in tech.
         | 
         | Data from other countries are considered "news" because they
         | invalidate our neoracist beliefs.
        
       | twgp123 wrote:
       | Throwaway because this is one of the data points you are required
       | to ignore in polite society.
       | 
       | Girls receive better grades until you blind the teachers.
       | Teachers are biased in favor of girls, maybe because their
       | behavior is better. The effect of biased grading is enormous and
       | a huge disadvantage to our boys.
       | 
       | > Gender-biased grading accounts for 21 percent of boys falling
       | behind girls in math during middle school. [1]
       | 
       | [1] https://mitili.mit.edu/sites/default/files/project-
       | documents...
        
         | szhu wrote:
         | Serious question, why is this a data point we are required to
         | ignore? There's been a lot of discourse about bias lately, so I
         | feel like this is a data point people will welcome hearing.
         | Thanks for sharing it.
        
           | jpxw wrote:
           | If the poster works at a big tech company, there's a
           | reasonable chance they could get fired for bringing up a
           | point like that. That's the world we live in now.
        
           | PoignardAzur wrote:
           | How to put this factually...
           | 
           | Discourse about bias usually makes strong distinctions
           | between groups that are known have relative positions of
           | power in their society (because this discourse is mostly held
           | in Western culture, that usually boils down to "white
           | heterosexual christian-adjacent men") and
           | minority/disenfranchised groups (women, religious minorities,
           | ethnic minorities, LGBT people, etc).
           | 
           | Progressive groups are perceived to get _extremely_ testy
           | when it 's suggested that minority groups might benefit from
           | / majority groups might suffer from systemic effects in some
           | ways.
        
           | fullshark wrote:
           | Because people interested in bias, are only interested when
           | the bias is in other direction.
        
           | throwaway02345 wrote:
           | Because if you don't characterize women as an oppressed
           | people in every possible instance then you're sexist. The
           | truth is that women benefit a great deal from the general
           | goodwill that society grants them. From legal sentencing, to
           | taking your kids to the park, to mentorship opportunities, to
           | simply crossing the road. The list goes on, but western
           | society generally goes out of its way to accommodate the
           | needs of women, particularly in areas such as the job market,
           | where men pave the way with increased risk taking.
        
             | audunw wrote:
             | > Because if you don't characterize women as an oppressed
             | people in every possible instance then you're sexist.
             | 
             | Do people really say this? I've seen mens rights issues
             | being raised carefully in the last few years, and I've
             | never seen any backlash when done right. Like when you see
             | articles written about women abusing men, or mens rights
             | regarding children. Even women write about these issues.
             | Feels like it's being accepted, just not being taken
             | seriously enough yet. Maybe it's different in northern
             | europe, but I haven't seen any backlash from
             | international/US websites either.
             | 
             | I think part of the problem is that men are afraid of
             | defending these issues. In part because of projection about
             | how others will react. Either if it's from womens right
             | activists going against it, or other macho men saying men
             | shouldn't care about child custody or equality for male in
             | women-dominated workspaces and such.
             | 
             | And there ARE also mens rights activist who are just using
             | the issue to fight against womens rights, through
             | whataboutisms and such. But don't let arguments against
             | those people deter you from talking about reasonable mens
             | rights issues.
        
             | NoSorryCannot wrote:
             | I can see why you worry your commentary will be perceived
             | as sexist.
        
           | SkyBelow wrote:
           | If you raise a point that shows a slice of society
           | discriminates against men more than women you'll face
           | criticisms that range from "what about the men" to being
           | called an incel to being let known you are not welcome in a
           | community. It is worse online than off but it happens in
           | both. I've personally had it happen numerous times when
           | bringing up statistics concerning gender bias in prison
           | sentencing.
        
         | amanaplanacanal wrote:
         | Doesn't that mean that 79% of the difference is _not_ due to
         | bias? So boys would still be behind girls even if the bias
         | didn't exist. Or am I misunderstanding this?
        
           | twgp123 wrote:
           | Tables 1-6 show you the actual results on the page labeled 40
           | (PDF page 42) and the page prior shows actual numbers.
           | 
           | In blinded effects, boys overperform in math and underperform
           | in literacy. In non-blinded effects, boys underperform
           | everywhere.
        
             | andromeduck wrote:
             | I wonder how this plays with the experiments that found
             | that that girls tended to score much closer to boys on math
             | tests when primed with the idea that they would do better
             | and worse when primed with the idea that they would do
             | worse.
        
               | haihaibye wrote:
               | This is called stereotype threat and there is clear
               | publication bias in the literature. It's not replicating
               | well in pre registered trials:
               | https://replicationindex.com/tag/stereotype-threat-and-
               | women...
        
         | anotherman554 wrote:
         | You are citing a study that isn't peer reviewed as a "data
         | point" but when you summarize it like that looks like a factual
         | claim when no factual conclusion should be drawn.
         | 
         | It would be an interesting data point if there was any
         | particularly reason to believe the document you cited would
         | hold up to further study.
        
       | del_operator wrote:
       | Interesting, I wonder how skewed my perspective of high school
       | was by finding a community college high school hybrid program
       | that gave me freedom and access to better electives. It didn't
       | hurt that community college tutoring was a huge bonus: provided
       | hours of free tutoring per course and then rewarded with
       | opportunities to get paid tutoring the subject if I did well.
       | Meeting older community college students through tutoring was
       | also very formative. Tutoring money as a 15/16 year old helped my
       | independence and motivation.
       | 
       | Meanwhile, I could have easily dropped out, parents even
       | suggested I could given the strain of me getting me to school
       | freshman year similar male peers did at 13/14, so just I lived
       | with friends and couch surfed through all of HS. As a youngster
       | though I did not show much academic connection and was suspended
       | each week in a charter school, failing 2nd grade, but never going
       | to 4th grade after switching schools. After a parent teacher
       | conference where my mom embarrassingly tried to fight my teacher
       | I realized things might go easier if I took time after school or
       | during lunch to just wrap up my homework. Through middle school
       | the boys and girls club created an atmosphere where I could
       | continue that behavior and get access to computers and printers
       | for written assignments. It was still a hassle though. Without a
       | few key teachers in middle school I probably also wouldn't have
       | kicked a bad habit of ditching school.
        
       | gordian-mind wrote:
       | Who could have guessed that having a majority of female teachers
       | while constantly telling boys that they were born the wrong sex
       | and should shut their mouths would have an impact?!
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | I have never heard anyone say that to me.
        
       | TedShiller wrote:
       | That's not good for diversity.
        
       | carolina_33 wrote:
       | There are a lot of problems with this- this study doesn't include
       | all womxn, only cis womxn. And what about latinx womxn? Or
       | bipoc/mena womxn?
        
         | carolina_33 wrote:
         | Downvoted by transphobes.
        
       | jpxw wrote:
       | Given that the current trend is to blame any disparate outcome on
       | discrimination, are we to believe that this is sexism?
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Discussed at the time:
       | 
       |  _Boys are being outclassed by girls at both school and
       | university_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9158812 -
       | March 2015 (70 comments)
        
         | supergirl wrote:
         | > HN is not mature enough to hold a discussion related to
         | gender issues.
         | 
         | underrated comment from the old thread
        
       | The_rationalist wrote:
       | I wonder if a reason behind it is the fact that girls become
       | hormonally mature earlier than boys. Hormone supplementation on
       | boys could be tested to assess the hypothesis.
        
         | ihsw wrote:
         | What's true one gender must be true for the other, as there is
         | no biological difference between males and females. Right?
        
       | thepete2 wrote:
       | What's probably missing from the article is the giant caveat of
       | almost all educational research, which is: *as measured by
       | grades*
        
         | agumonkey wrote:
         | There was an article/study saying girl grades were shifted due
         | to teacher appreciating their answers as better. I'm not sure
         | how solid the study is (I still fail to understand how grades
         | can shift for a whole group of pupill) but yeah grades can be
         | fickle.
        
         | guerrilla wrote:
         | It's in the title. That's what it means.
        
           | after_care wrote:
           | Grades aren't great at measuring real learning, but it's the
           | best we have.
        
             | Enginerrrd wrote:
             | Not really. I'd argue that standardized tests are much
             | better than grades. Particularly for any grade level below
             | university.
             | 
             | At university level, the grades are more accurate (but
             | still flawed) because the grade is typically 70-80% test
             | and quiz based.
             | 
             | My experience in the US with grades for middle school and
             | high school is that it's 85-90% non-examination based--
             | Meaning it's essentially a measure for how well you can
             | complete and turn in the busy work on time.
             | 
             | That's a great measure for conscientiousness, but the
             | standardized tests will show who actually learned the
             | material.
        
               | boringg wrote:
               | Then you have a population training for the test and you
               | end up with people that are overfit for the standardized
               | test and underfit for reality.
        
               | thepete2 wrote:
               | Yes, this. Not to say that fitness for test and fitness
               | for reality aren't correlated. They just aren't the same.
               | All in all I just wonder if we don't overvalue
               | competition (the reason I we probably have grades) and
               | undervalue passion.
        
               | thepete2 wrote:
               | Except if people actually prepare for the standardized
               | tests in some way or another as is usually the case ...
               | 
               | "When a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good
               | measure."
               | 
               | Your point is still valid though, I find university test
               | scores more "accurate" too, whatever that means for
               | learning.
        
               | Siira wrote:
               | Preparing to solve questions in STEM subjects is what
               | learning STEM is all about.
        
               | audunw wrote:
               | The problem is what those questions are. Are you expected
               | to memorize a formula or are you expected to solve a real
               | problem, possibly with the formulas available in a cheat
               | sheet?
               | 
               | My wife grew up with a lot of testing in asia. Now
               | working as a teacher in northern europe she finds the
               | approach here way better for actually learning, where
               | there's less focus on memorizing things, and more on
               | problem solving. The thing is, it's harder to make tests
               | for problem solving, so tests tend to favor memorizing,
               | especially when there's a lot of it. It's not just about
               | making the questions, it's about grading them and making
               | a judgement about whether the student took the right
               | approach despite getting the wrong answer. How do you
               | standardize that?
               | 
               | I'm not sure what's standard, but at my university we
               | often had exams with either formula books and/or a cheat
               | sheet we could prepare ourselves. Yet the math tests were
               | way more challenging for me than the simpler tests
               | without access to material we had in high school.
        
               | jackson1442 wrote:
               | Depends on the exam. If we're using something like the
               | SAT or ACT, I can agree with that statement to an extent,
               | but if it's a state exam, those are frequently flawed[1].
               | I think it's the best we can do though, since while
               | people frequently bemoan any exam as testing one's
               | ability to take exams, I've never seen a better
               | alternative proposed.
               | 
               | [1]: https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/education/art
               | icle1952...
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Alex3917 wrote:
         | "A grade can be regarded only as an inadequate report of an
         | inaccurate judgment by a biased and variable judge of the
         | extent to which a student has attained an undefined level of
         | mastery of an unknown proportion of an indefinite amount of
         | material."
         | 
         | In reality, boys may well be learning more than girls in
         | school, maybe even substantially more.
        
       | hntrader wrote:
       | This could be a consequence of the variability hypothesis[1]
       | interacting with the way grades are distributed.
       | 
       | If grades tend to have a lot of negative skewness, that means
       | that it pays to be in a group that has the least number of
       | extreme underperformers, since your group's outperformers are
       | handicapped due to the upper bound existing near the mean.
       | 
       | That means we expect men to underperform in domains that have
       | lots of negative skewness in the outcome distribution, assuming
       | [1] holds.
       | 
       | In domains where there's a lot of positive skewness in the
       | outcomes distribution, we would expect the opposite result.
       | 
       | As a first step, we would want to check how grades are actually
       | distributed in the raw data, and whether there is an inter-
       | country correlation between its grades' skewness and its male-to-
       | female differences.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variability_hypothesis
        
         | abhyudaya63 wrote:
         | Variability hypothesis seems to downplay the cultural aspects a
         | lot. Males were generally thought to have better visual sense
         | of an object but the advantage was nullified when females were
         | tested with objects that they are most familiar with.
         | 
         | And you are right that we should check for inter-country data.
         | It will provide a more accurate view.
        
           | hntrader wrote:
           | "better visual sense"
           | 
           | This example pertains to mean skill level which doesn't seem
           | relevant to the variability hypothesis (which pertains
           | instead to variance of traits/skills/interests).
           | 
           | If your point is that the empirical findings underpinning the
           | variability hypothesis may have some cultural causes instead
           | of being only genetic, then we don't disagree. But I wouldn't
           | agree that the culture-over-genes perspective is
           | undersubscribed, that's the most fashionable and socially
           | acceptable perspective to take.
        
       | tester756 wrote:
       | some dead comment here wrote
       | 
       | >That's right, the women are smarter.
       | 
       | I think that's right, especially at young ages like before 20?
       | 25? then this difference seems to be closing
       | 
       | I always felt like girls were like 0-3 years ahead
       | 
       | but I tend to believe that the gap tends to be closing over time
        
       | m1117 wrote:
       | Because guys spend their time playing videogames, drinking and
       | watching sports.
        
         | njdullea wrote:
         | Yeah all those beer drinking 12 y.o. boys should know better
        
       | The_rationalist wrote:
       | Related:
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_differences_in_cognition
        
         | f430 wrote:
         | the mind has no gender so how can cognition be considered
         | different across genders? hmmm
        
           | The_rationalist wrote:
           | Male and female brains while similar have some significant
           | differences that goes beyond the androgen proportion
           | differences. This has nothing to do with the gender identity
           | as someone else pointed out.
        
             | f430 wrote:
             | I guess you believe the consciousness is local to one's
             | brain.
        
           | guerrilla wrote:
           | The linked article is about sex differences, not gender
           | differences.
        
       | dudul wrote:
       | Some studies seem to have found a bias towards girls when it
       | comes to grading: https://www.bbc.com/news/education-31751672
        
       | blank_fan_pill wrote:
       | I recognize that my experience is probably not average - but at
       | my high school (2004-2008 US public school) the advanced/AP
       | classes were 80%-90% female. This was true for all subjects, the
       | student government, and the academic after school activities.
       | 
       | Also anecdotal - but I've seen a lot of the boys who were
       | academically behind seem to get their shit together ~3-5 years
       | after graduating and ended up going to college, grad school,
       | getting white collar jobs, etc.
       | 
       | It appears that if you have the resources and privilege its not
       | too hard to overcome having dicked around in your primary
       | education - but I'm willing to bet most people who aren't in that
       | position never catch up.
        
       | randyrand wrote:
       | No surprise there, it's genetic..
        
       | serjester wrote:
       | This is just my experience but these days I read 50ish books year
       | - back in school I would do everything possible to avoid assigned
       | reading. None of them spoke to me, I wasn't particularly
       | interested in figuring out a books underlying theme.
       | 
       | Out of my friends, none of us enjoyed this. All my teachers were
       | always women and I have to wonder if the curriculum was designed
       | by someone more like us would we have gotten more from it? I
       | honestly don't know.
        
       | johnx123-up wrote:
       | https://archive.vn/AIMT2
        
       | mensetmanusman wrote:
       | Either you can ignore the data that suggests there are
       | differences between girls and boys, or it might be worth
       | considering some problem solving.
       | 
       | E.g. at any point do we think about optimizing some learning
       | environments for boys? When college graduation rates in the US
       | are 70/30 girl/boy, is that okay? I know it feels weird asking
       | the question since those ratios were flipped a few years ago, and
       | we fixed it...
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | wisty wrote:
       | Meta comment, a lot of comments here are not as measured,
       | accurate, or carefully worded as the Damore "memo".
       | 
       | Damore was sacked for his memo. Well, arguably he was sacked for
       | people (at his workplace, using company resources and time)
       | making disingenuous and vicious attacks on him (often
       | misrepresented what he actually said), far less accurate or
       | polite or measured than anything Damore said, creating enough of
       | an internal activist movement that the boss had to cancel his
       | trip to the Maldives IIRC.
        
       | supergirl wrote:
       | so many sexists on HN, it's surprising. whenever there is a
       | thread about some differences in genders, it gets bombarded with
       | "men are actually the ones being oppressed" comments.
       | 
       | just look at this thread. 400 comments in 3 hours. it's because
       | of the title. the idea that girls are doing better than boys
       | triggered a whole mob. pretty worrying.
        
       | nsainsbury wrote:
       | Reading this reminded me a lot of one of my all-time favourite
       | essays "On the Wildness of Children" by Carol Black -
       | http://carolblack.org/on-the-wildness-of-children
       | 
       | It's definitely influenced how we raise our kids - boys in
       | general really seem to need to be active, exploring, and heavily
       | engaged in physical activity otherwise they turn that energy
       | towards destructive activities.
        
       | z77dj3kl wrote:
       | I find it very curious that at high school level, it seems
       | females outperform males in grades, and there is higher female
       | participation/caring about the content (participation is rarely
       | voluntary in high school); but as soon as you go to university
       | level (STEM in particular), participation rates do a complete
       | switch in that a lot of STEM fields have a huge over
       | representation of males.
        
       | jvanderbot wrote:
       | What's the metric? Average GPA? Average graduation rate? It seems
       | so.
       | 
       | It is well documented that men drop out at higher rates and are
       | in general more prone to failing. Having a few extra "zeros" in
       | the GPA rankings would skew the mean down for males.
       | 
       | It's tempting to say that "Girls are better than boys in academic
       | things", but if you look at the performance of a cohort of
       | graduates, I'd expect you'd see we're all about equal.
       | 
       | After graduation, there's a couple other well documented
       | attrition filters for women, unfortunately.
       | 
       | There was this old essay about it, which is now quite old and
       | probably cancelled, called "Is there anything good about men"
       | that discussed various life tradeoffs that affected the genders
       | differently.
        
         | thepete2 wrote:
         | As always we don't measure what matters, but what is
         | measurable. There are actually very good arguments against
         | giving grades at all, but it's sadly way out of the mainstream
         | ...
        
         | ipnon wrote:
         | On a random individual basis men and women perform equally well
         | at college. On the aggregate there are now 3 to 4 million more
         | female than male college graduates in the US.[0] And now that
         | more women than men are enrolled in college we might expect
         | this trend to continue.[1]
         | 
         | [0] https://www.statista.com/statistics/184272/educational-
         | attai...
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d20/tables/dt20_302.60.a...
        
           | jvanderbot wrote:
           | It'd be interesting to see a time when people study why men
           | fail at school, and are a minority of successful graduates.
           | 
           | I find it fun to share that my boss is a woman, her boss is a
           | woman, and _her_ boss is too. And they're all at or past mid
           | career and highly successful managers at a world-class
           | technology company. JPL is a wonderful place though.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | dmayle wrote:
       | > "IT'S all to do with their brains and bodies and chemicals,"
       | says Sir Anthony Seldon, the master of Wellington College, a posh
       | English boarding school. "There's a mentality that it's not cool
       | for them to perform, that it's not cool to be smart," suggests
       | Ivan Yip, principal of the Bronx Leadership Academy in New York.
       | 
       | Which is it? Their brains/bodies/chemicals? Or the social
       | pressure?
       | 
       | Testosterone doesn't really kick in until high school, and the
       | article (at least the part outside of the paywall) seems to
       | suggest the problem exists in adolescents, not young children, so
       | that would suggest that it's the former not the latter.
       | 
       | The next question is... what has changed in the last 30 years?
       | The answer to that is most likely going to be social, and not
       | chemical, unless you mean less lead in the air. Maybe the answer
       | is more complicated.
       | 
       | Finally, what has changed in the last 30 years that might be
       | linked to both? Well, easier access to pornography could be a
       | factor. It's a social change that lines up with male adolescence
       | that could be related.
       | 
       | In any case, the 'answer' is to try to combat the change, and
       | wait for statisticians and scientists to study the problem to
       | understand the root causes.
        
       | endisneigh wrote:
       | How is it possible that girls perform better academically (in
       | 2015) yet are under represented in the top tier of jobs? Either
       | women have no interest in money, academic skills have no bearing
       | in getting high paying jobs, or discrimination is more prevalent
       | then you'd think. I suppose all three could be true.
        
         | TimPC wrote:
         | No interest in money is an extreme position to take. Small
         | differences in interest can lead to big differences in outcome.
         | There is also some time lag with this data, studies have shown
         | boys doing worse academically over time (relative to girls) so
         | the age group in 2015 is largely in school, university, or just
         | entering the workforce. Women in their 20's already outperform
         | men in their 20's in earnings and we don't yet know if that
         | trend is going to carry on into later years given new ability
         | gaps. It hasn't carried on historically due to a wide variety
         | of reasons including the adverse affects of maternity leave on
         | careers but we haven't seen an academic gap of this magnitude
         | between the genders either before so that may be changing. It's
         | also worth noting that a lot of top earning careers are looking
         | at a slice of top performers academically, and the distribution
         | of academic performance for males tends to be higher variance
         | so even with a lower average we may see similar numbers of top
         | performers in both genders.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | BurningFrog wrote:
         | > _Either women have no interest in money_
         | 
         | This is close, but too strong. You only need women to have
         | _less_ interest in money than men to cause a difference.
         | 
         | A likely cause of such a difference is that men with high
         | income and prestigious careers are very popular as romantic
         | partners for women.
         | 
         | To spell it out, women in high paying jobs get a lot of money.
         | Men in high paying jobs get a lot of money _and_ improved
         | romantic success.
        
         | qu4ku wrote:
         | They choose not optimal collage majors is one of the answers:
         | http://www.randalolson.com/2014/06/25/average-iq-of-students...
        
         | cphajduk wrote:
         | I'd like to point out that the workplace values are different
         | from academics values.
         | 
         | The top performers in my college class, struggled to get
         | internships within my internship-mandatory program.
        
         | itronitron wrote:
         | Performing well academically usually means that the student is
         | good at at completing assignments in a way that aligns with the
         | teachers grading rubric. I think boys have a certain contempt
         | for that for a variety of reasons (at least mine do) so they
         | focus their attention on how to work around the system, which
         | probably yields an advantage later in the workplace.
        
           | visarga wrote:
           | Like when you solve the arithmetic problem with algebra and
           | the teacher says it's wrong because you didn't use the
           | official method?
        
             | tester756 wrote:
             | on the test that's testing whether you're proficent with
             | _official method_?
             | 
             | or maybe because your _official method_ was "under some
             | assumptions" or "by guessing that"
             | 
             | I've heard that complain countless times from friends and I
             | think always the reason was that it wasn't formally
             | correct.
        
               | ZephyrBlu wrote:
               | Why do you need to use a specific method to solve a
               | problem?
               | 
               | Especially with something broad like algebra, there are
               | often many ways to solve a problem.
        
               | tester756 wrote:
               | Because teacher on previous lesson tried to teach the
               | class e.g about using derivatives to find extremas, and
               | now he's testing whether you managed to learn it.
               | 
               | his job is mainly to teach you stuff.
               | 
               | Of course there are also tests where you can use anything
               | you want as long as it is formally correct e.g leaving
               | school exams, end of semester exams and many more...
               | 
               | It's not the greatest approach but I guess it scales?
        
         | paperwasp42 wrote:
         | There's also the major factor of children. Women get a lot of
         | scolding from society if they prioritize their career over
         | children. Men generally aren't shamed to such a degree, and
         | workaholic dads are even lauded as being "diligent bread
         | winners."
         | 
         | Also, for many moms, working late in the office isn't even an
         | option. They have to leave the office before day care closes.
         | Or, in the case of women who can't afford day care, they have
         | to take inferior job offers with inferior hours to work around
         | their kids' school and care schedule. These things can make it
         | extremely hard to be viewed as "managerial material" and rack
         | up promotions. (Of course, dads face these issues too, and
         | single dads have it especially hard. But it's statistically
         | more likely to impact moms.)
         | 
         | Also, men just aren't as concerned over how much their
         | significant other makes. Women, on the other hand, tend to more
         | heavily judge the worthiness of a date on their career and
         | income. So there's more incentive for men to chase after high
         | paying, high power careers.
        
         | ThrustVectoring wrote:
         | Tournament theory - top tier jobs (particularly executive ones)
         | are a competition where rank-ordering contestants is relatively
         | easy, but quantifying performance is hard. So one solution is
         | to give the winner a big prize, the losers a smaller
         | consolation prize, and if you ignore risk-aversion this is as
         | economically efficient in terms of incentives as paying for
         | piece-work.
         | 
         | The problem is that people are risk adverse, and have varying
         | levels of commitment towards continuing to winning the
         | tournament. This variation has a gender skew, too, which IMO
         | does a lot to explain much of gender disparity in multiple
         | fields. FWIW I count software development in here, as
         | tournament theory explains both developer wages, the number of
         | unqualified applicants, and the gender disparity.
        
         | 908B64B197 wrote:
         | A lot of literature seems to focus around the gap being mostly
         | that girls
         | 
         | - Behave better (lower energy and "disruptive behavior" in
         | school)
         | 
         | - Are better at following instructions
         | 
         | These two traits, while rewarded in the school system, are not
         | really relevant at the top tier of jobs. There's no
         | instructions to follow when you are building the next Google:
         | nobody did it before you.
        
         | frongpik wrote:
         | Academic grades measure skills that are only applicable at
         | entry level jobs that are about following simple known rules. I
         | knew many female students in school and college that got top
         | marks on every subject, and yet they were mediocre in real life
         | and never achieved much 10 years after graduation. I think
         | that's precisely because their patience to follow silly rules
         | didn't help them to compete in the world where there are no
         | rules. On the other hand, I also knew many guys from the same
         | classes who absolutely sucked at every subject except one or
         | two where they shined and they have made impressive careers.
        
         | inglor_cz wrote:
         | I decided to underrepresent myself in the top tier of jobs
         | because I do not want to live a life of a workaholic. You won't
         | get into the top tier by doing 40 hours of work weekly.
         | 
         | Perhaps women have better work/life balance on average.
        
         | agumonkey wrote:
         | Psychology.
         | 
         | Few years ago at a meeting (carbon emission reduction
         | association) it was asked for the people in the room to send
         | proposals / ideas on a google forms. After 5 minute the guy in
         | charge of the meeting started to cough saying 'ok we found a
         | few things we could do but we have a problem because there is
         | not a single lady in the list'.
         | 
         | We were all newcomers, all unknown to each others, the tone was
         | as chill as any meetup I've attended (no male dominated topic,
         | no a-priori tribes or groups to scare new people from joining).
         | My only idea so far is that women and men have different
         | instincts on how to come forward with their ideas/desires.
        
         | SkyBelow wrote:
         | Another reason people don't often take into account is that men
         | have an extra incentive for earning more money as their worth
         | as a person is judged more upon what they make than it is for a
         | woman (women have other things they are judged more upon). So
         | each dollar, beyond the utility of having an extra dollar, also
         | makes them 'more of a man' to use a phrase that tries to
         | condense all of complexities of society's judgements down into
         | 10 letters. Many of the explanations commonly given, like men
         | being willing to take on more dangerous jobs, can be partly
         | explained by their judgment as a person (and as a parent) being
         | derived from what they make to a stronger extent than for a
         | woman.
         | 
         | >women have no interest in money
         | 
         | Just to clarify, there is a difference between no interest and
         | less interest, and also a difference between interest in money
         | and interest in the status associated with a certain level of
         | salary/income beyond what comes just from the money earned.
        
         | PunchTornado wrote:
         | Or, another question, why don't we, as a society, help boys
         | perform as well as girls.
        
         | dijit wrote:
         | Men are over represented at the top _and_ at the bottom.
         | 
         | So the average may be higher for girls, but that's across all
         | girls.
         | 
         | This is what the bell curves are and a result of men's being
         | very wide and girls' being very narrow.
         | 
         | This is known as the variability hypothesis.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variability_hypothesis?wprov=s...
        
           | drdec wrote:
           | Now consider the fact that there is a limit on the top grade
           | and much more more at the bottom of the grading scale. If you
           | assume the variability hypothesis is true, it seems
           | inevitable that the average for girls would be higher.
        
         | neffy wrote:
         | Lags in real time systems. To get into high paying jobs in most
         | fields requires a 20-30 year apprenticeship.
         | 
         | So if by 2015 girls are performing better academically, then
         | the expected time to see this in society would be 2035 or so.
         | Just as with universal education, it starts to be available
         | from the early 20th century, but it's not until post-war that
         | large numbers of men from previously uneducated families start
         | making it into the skilled workforce.
         | 
         | Our limited view at any given point is just a snapshot on
         | eternity.
        
         | 7_my_mind wrote:
         | Women have different incentives. Having a career is not really
         | necessary and the reasons to have one are different. Us men
         | need to compete with each other to be the best providers. Women
         | just need to pick one of us, and then their goal is to retain
         | that man in their lives. Having a career does not factor much
         | into that. Especially having a high stress career would maybe
         | even hurt such goals. Some men and some women get so caught up
         | spinning the hamster wheel, that they loose track of why they
         | are spinning the wheel in the first place. But most of us in
         | general are aware of the reasons.
        
         | cperciva wrote:
         | There are couple more explanations which haven't been
         | mentioned:
         | 
         | 1. Time lag. Girls have only been exceeding boys' academic
         | success for 20-30 years; in most fields the top tier of jobs is
         | filled by people in their 50s and 60s, who were educated at a
         | time when girls were underperforming academically. This
         | hypothesis is supported by statistics showing that among
         | childfree adults aged 20-39, women significantly out-earn men.
         | 
         | 2. Grading bias. To the extent that success in the workforce
         | correlates with academic success, one would expect it to
         | correlate primarily with the extent of skills and knowledge
         | acquired rather than with the grades received; it may be that
         | girls' academic success does not reflect particularly greater
         | academic skills. This hypothesis is supported by studies
         | comparing coursework to exams; girls vastly outperform on
         | homework but only very slightly on exams.
        
           | collias wrote:
           | Source for the stats in #1?
        
         | xyzelement wrote:
         | Someone commented that it's about "babies" and that's so
         | incredibly right. But I think it's more benign than it may
         | sound.
         | 
         | We're seeing this right now in my family as we have a young
         | child. Both my wife and I are in demanding STEM fields (me in
         | tech and she in medicine.) My wife is seeing an opportunity to
         | cut back on her hours/pressure so she can spend more time with
         | the baby. She's not "forced" to do it (plenty of women w. kids
         | do her current job) but that's where her heart is leading her
         | and we're lucky to be able to make this tradeoff.
         | 
         | I do think think this is a pretty universal thing. In two
         | income families, if one parent wants to step back to do more
         | family stuff, it's much more likely to the the woman who wants
         | to do that. Similarly if one parent is much more naturally
         | inclined to go conquer the work world, it's the father.
         | 
         | There are plenty of cases where that goes the other way but I
         | think that is way less common. To be clear, it's not about the
         | work place being hostile to women, it's not about "I wear the
         | pants around here so you stay home w the babies" - it's about
         | where our natural interests lie and how we act on them when we
         | have a choice. Which to me sounds fine even if the outcome of
         | it can be read as systemic imbalance.
        
         | Hermel wrote:
         | Maybe the most talented women prefer pursuing a career
         | academics over one in the real sector?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | cullinap wrote:
         | I don't if we can conclude that top academic performance
         | directly results in high performers in top tier jobs
        
         | SamReidHughes wrote:
         | Top tier jobs need to use top tier statistics. The top 10% of
         | male test-takers and top 6% of female test-takers score at
         | least 700 on the math SAT. Over twice as many boys as girls get
         | 800 on the math SAT. The ratio gets even higher beyond that.
         | This is despite the systemic bias in the school system against
         | boys.
        
           | throwaway3699 wrote:
           | Isn't this the standard bimodal distribution we expect? Boys
           | make up the majority of CEOs but they also make up the vast
           | majority of criminals. Median girls are smarter than median
           | boys, but the distribution is less wide on a population
           | level.
        
           | albntomat0 wrote:
           | That's an interesting statistic. Do you have a source? I'd be
           | interested in learning more
        
             | SamReidHughes wrote:
             | The first is from a table of percentiles published by the
             | College Board, I remembered that statistic off-hand, I
             | think you find it by googling, or on their website. The
             | second is something you can find somewhere, I know I've
             | seen the raw data at some point. Some googling will at
             | least find articles referring to that ratio, like this one:
             | https://economics.mit.edu/files/7598
             | 
             | Interestingly enough, that has a graph of the AMC math
             | contest breakdown by sex. Check out page 7 (page number
             | 115). When you start getting in the upper percentiles there
             | I think that culture might magnify the male/female ratio a
             | bit (this is based on personal experience), but at least in
             | my high school the center mass of the scores up to 100+ or
             | so was filled out by teachers just signing up a bunch of
             | good students with no particular involvement in
             | mathematical extracurriculars.
        
         | tomjen3 wrote:
         | I think Jordan Peterson is correct on that one: the real
         | question isn't why women don't go after those kinds of jobs,
         | but why anybody is willing to work so hard and to give up so
         | much for incomes that allow a marginally better life (e.g going
         | from 40k a year to 100k a year is a huge improvement, going
         | from 200k to 300k?).
         | 
         | Also, for women anyway, the kind of work it takes to get to the
         | top effectively means they aren't going to be having babies. A
         | man aged 45 can marry a women aged 30 and become a dad - women
         | who marry younger men aren't more likely to have kids because
         | of it and at 45 it is unlikely for a woman to have kids at all.
        
           | jhatemyjob wrote:
           | I wish I had the option of being a stay at home dad. Fuck
           | working
        
         | refraincomment wrote:
         | Or simply that boys don't take education seriously until 10
         | years later?
        
         | 0xy wrote:
         | Because women naturally list towards jobs that pay less, and
         | under conditions that pay less (part time, contract work, etc).
         | 
         | How many deep sea welders are women? Less than 0.1%. How many
         | oil rig workers are women? Less than 1%.
         | 
         | Good deep sea welders earn over $300k.
        
           | krisdol wrote:
           | Hard to live up to the expectation of being a good mother and
           | spending months on an oil rig at the same time.
        
             | Dirlewanger wrote:
             | You're being disingenuous and you know it. Most women don't
             | take the high risk jobs. They never have, they're not
             | evolved for it. This isn't sexist to point this out, this
             | is just how things are.
             | 
             | Why do people here struggle to understand concept of gender
             | roles that have been in place (and have worked) for
             | hundreds of thousands of years? This isn't the "patriarchy"
             | boogeyman, this is how societies started and thrived.
        
             | throwaway894345 wrote:
             | I doubt it's "expectations of being a good mother".
             | Countries with the most liberal attitudes toward gender
             | have some of the most extreme occupational gender
             | disparities and vice versa.
        
           | wizzwizz4 wrote:
           | Define "naturally".
        
             | 0xy wrote:
             | Meaning on average, most women list towards them. There are
             | large differences between genders in terms of career
             | motivations, interests etc. Proven in many studies
             | repeatedly.
        
               | wizzwizz4 wrote:
               | > _There are large differences between genders in terms
               | of career motivations, interests etc._
               | 
               | I think this would be the case for the hypothetical
               | "party if you're a man, standing outside in the rain if
               | you're a woman" job, too. How do you know you're
               | describing something about the people you're measuring,
               | as opposed to the people around them?
        
           | Dirlewanger wrote:
           | Only on HN will facts like these get downvoted. Why is this
           | community so allergic to discussing this topic in an unbiased
           | manner?
        
           | La1n wrote:
           | >Because women naturally list towards jobs that pay less,
           | 
           | Couldn't one then also argue that jobs women list towards get
           | paid less? E.g. instead of asking why women gravitate to
           | those jobs that are paid less, ask why the jobs women
           | gravitate towards are paid less.
        
             | missedthecue wrote:
             | The fact that daycare workers (a job dominated 97% by
             | females) earn $35k a year while carpenters, welders, and
             | electricians (jobs dominated 98% by males) earn $80k is not
             | a fact that I think is attributable to bigoted sexism.
        
           | BobbyJo wrote:
           | I don't think those are what the parent was referring to as
           | 'top tier'. Those pay well, but in both cases they are highly
           | paid because of risk and life disruption (having to spend
           | extended time away from home on rigs). It's my understanding
           | that men are naturally less risk-averse, so the gender
           | differences there seem natural to me.
           | 
           | I'm betting they meant CEO positions, board positions, and
           | high ranking corporate officers.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | xenihn wrote:
         | >academic skills have no bearing in getting high paying jobs
         | 
         | This is a big part of it. Let's look at what "academic skills"
         | means specifically in the US:
         | 
         | - you perform well on standardized tests - you perform well on
         | rubric-graded essays - you do all of your homework, and you get
         | As on every assignment
         | 
         | this leads to:
         | 
         | - you get into a good university - you (presumably) perform
         | adequately or well at said university
         | 
         | Every student who performs well academically has a similar path
         | to this point, but then there's divergency.
         | 
         | Tech is the only top tier job where your educational pedigree
         | is not going to hold you back throughout your entire career.
         | It's not going to hurt to have a degree from a top school, but
         | it won't cripple your opportunities, unlike finance, law, and
         | medicine.
         | 
         | Based on how top tier tech companies hire for engineering
         | positions that aren't internships, it seems that they do not
         | see a link between academic performance and engineering
         | competency.
         | 
         | I agree with the approach taken by said companies. Thus (imo)
         | for tech, it is fully expected for there to be no correlation
         | between academic performance and representation in the top tier
         | of jobs, because tech is the most meritocratic top tier
         | industry. It's obviously not perfect, but it's leagues ahead of
         | the other big industries.
        
         | noir_lord wrote:
         | It's also possible that the distribution is different.
         | 
         | i.e there are more men who are total geniuses at one end and
         | total dumbasses at the other but the average would be the same.
         | 
         | https://qz.com/441905/men-are-both-dumber-and-smarter-than-w...
         | 
         | No idea if it's true though - not my field and not an expert.
        
           | endisneigh wrote:
           | Even if this were true it still wouldn't explain the
           | difference. This could only be the explanation of two
           | conditions are met:
           | 
           | 1. Your cited article is correct.
           | 
           | 2. The jobs that are "top tier" indeed require this "top
           | tier" level intelligence. This second point would require
           | some pretty extraordinary evidence to prove. Women have
           | representation (only filtering among women under 40) in jobs
           | that require "high intelligence" yet the discrepancy
           | persists.
           | 
           | doctors: https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/the-big-
           | number-women-n....
           | 
           | lawyers:
           | https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2018/05/women-
           | lawyers...
           | 
           | (just to use two popular examples. if you extend this out to
           | a lot more professions the pattern persists)
           | 
           | You could be right, but I personally doubt it.
        
         | curiousgal wrote:
         | I think the answer lies in the fact that in countries like
         | Tunisia for example, women represent over 60% of people working
         | in STEM. Why? Because STEM jobs are the highest paying jobs. So
         | from my perspective, the lack of women in STEM in the U.S. is
         | not an issue but a symptom of a strong economy, as in you don't
         | have to decipher someone's spaghetti code for a living, you can
         | pay the bills doing other things that you are more passionate
         | about.
        
           | ku-man wrote:
           | Indeed. The number of women in STEM fields is also low in
           | Sweden and other Scandinavian countries compared to in-
           | development ones. And, nobody in his/her right mind will
           | accuse the Scandinavian countries of being patriarchal
           | sexists societies.
        
           | renewiltord wrote:
           | Related reading: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender-
           | equality_paradox
        
         | LeegleechN wrote:
         | Girls get higher grades (perhaps due to higher
         | conscientiousness), but do not do better in standardized tests.
        
           | micdr0p wrote:
           | That's interesting. Got a source?
        
           | hc-taway wrote:
           | My graduating class was remarked on through multiple schools
           | as an exceptionally smart class. We had lots of very bright
           | boys and girls. Maybe our class was unusual in other ways so
           | this isn't part of a broader trend or tendency, but
           | practically all the smart girls did all their homework and
           | maintained a 3.5GPA or higher (most more like 3.8+), while
           | probably half or more of the smart boys skipped lots of it
           | and pulled Cs and Bs (with the occasional A in classes that
           | had little homework). Meanwhile, those same boys who skipped
           | much of their homework scored in the top percentile or two
           | when it came time for ACTs and SATs and achieved excellent
           | marks on annual state testing (not that the latter matters
           | whatsoever for students), were often in gifted programs or
           | active on "smart kid" extracurriculars, et c.
           | 
           | So those boys "did poorly in school" (which, to be sure,
           | wasn't a great thing for e.g. college admissions above high-
           | tier state schools) but that didn't give the full picture.
        
           | tester756 wrote:
           | It seems to confirm my experience over whole education
        
         | bpodgursky wrote:
         | I don't know if this is a good faith question, but the big
         | obvious reason you've omitted is that women frequently drop out
         | of the work force (or shift to part-time work) because they
         | want to be directly involved in raising their children.
        
           | amanaplanacanal wrote:
           | Societal expectations that women do child rearing rather than
           | men probably has some impact on that decision.
        
         | kube-system wrote:
         | There are other familial factors that are often at play. For
         | example, many choose to delay their careers in lieu of raising
         | children. Not all women make this decision, but a sizable
         | number do.
         | 
         | That said, there is likely no single cause for the disparity,
         | there are likely many factors at play at the same time.
        
         | MattGaiser wrote:
         | Depends on how you define top tier jobs.
         | 
         | They are solidly in the majority of students in medicine, law,
         | accounting, etc.
        
         | micdr0p wrote:
         | A suggestion from the article:
         | 
         | > What is behind this discrimination? One possibility is that
         | teachers mark up students who are polite, eager and stay out of
         | fights, all attributes that are more common among girls. In
         | some countries, academic points can even be docked for bad
         | behaviour. Another is that women, who make up eight out of ten
         | primary-school teachers and nearly seven in ten lower-secondary
         | teachers, favour their own sex, just as male bosses have been
         | shown to favour male underlings. In a few places sexism is
         | enshrined in law: Singapore still canes boys, while sparing
         | girls the rod.
        
         | carnagecity786 wrote:
         | I guess it also has to do with the fact that this is a
         | relatively recent change. Probably we'll see the effects of
         | this in future generations of industry demographics, for now
         | though the research and statistics are pretty clear in that
         | women are underrepresented in STEM across the board; but this
         | is something changing rapidly, especially in tech.
        
         | marklubi wrote:
         | Perhaps a fourth explanation... The vast majority of teachers
         | are female, so maybe their teaching methods are favorable to
         | girls
        
           | endisneigh wrote:
           | I suppose this is possible - how exactly do you think
           | teaching methods are more favorable to girls compared to
           | boys?
        
             | danbolt wrote:
             | This is just my gumption, but I don't think kids are blind
             | to gender growing up. I'm curious if the attentiveness of
             | boys would change if they had more frequent male teachers
             | in earlier grades.
        
             | jimbokun wrote:
             | Teachers grade boys more harshly than girls:
             | 
             | https://mitili.mit.edu/sites/default/files/project-
             | documents...
        
             | marklubi wrote:
             | You stated three possible reasons, I added a fourth
             | possibility. My statement was a fact about correlation, not
             | causation.
             | 
             | Perhaps you could provide us with some details about how
             | education is not biased based on sex?
        
             | esja wrote:
             | A great deal of teaching is built around the idea of
             | students sitting still in one place for a long period of
             | time, listening intently and working quietly. Boys seem to
             | have a lot more difficulty with this (on average) than
             | girls do.
             | 
             | That's one example but there are plenty of others.
        
               | endisneigh wrote:
               | yes I would agree that boys have trouble with this, as
               | that's what the featured article effectively states.
               | however, saying that the methods themselves somehow are
               | predisposed to benefit women is one that I'd like to see
               | research on.
        
               | esja wrote:
               | How can they not benefit women? The article is about the
               | relative performance of men and women, and this factor
               | reduces the performance of men.
        
               | endisneigh wrote:
               | You're stating that there exists teaching methods that
               | somehow benefit women, and not men as a function of their
               | gender. That's an extraordinary claim and requires
               | evidence. You can't assert your claim is true and look at
               | the article to justify the original claim that you're
               | asserting to begin with.
        
               | esja wrote:
               | Sorry, what? I gave an example of a teaching method which
               | creates difficulties for boys relative to girls. You
               | agreed boys have trouble with it. What is left to
               | discuss?
        
               | endisneigh wrote:
               | Boys having trouble with a teaching method does not mean
               | said teaching method is _inherently_ discriminatory
               | towards boys nor does it mean that its favorable towards
               | girls. Do you not understand? I 'm sorry if I'm not being
               | clear. Nothing you have said has illustrated things being
               | somehow favorable to girls.
               | 
               | One group of individual doing better at something does
               | not mean the thing is favorable towards the group.
        
               | esja wrote:
               | The article is about girls outperforming _relative to
               | boys_. In that context _anything_ which penalises boys
               | benefits girls, by definition. This is basic logic. I 'm
               | not sure what else can be said here, so let's leave it at
               | that.
        
               | endisneigh wrote:
               | Your logic is incorrect, but yes, let's just leave it at
               | that.
        
         | hddu wrote:
         | Top tier jobs are subjective. Women have less interest in
         | engineering.
        
           | cobraetor wrote:
           | This shouldn't be a controversial take. It is Occam's razor
           | after all.
           | 
           | We know that before the tech industry became popular and a
           | way to make good money, women displayed little to no interest
           | in being associated with programming "nerds" which were
           | predominantly men to the extent that men over-represented the
           | group of socially outcast nerds. This was mostly an American
           | phenomenon, and other countries did not share this social
           | hierarchy, hence the data on girls performing better
           | academically outside of the US.
        
             | throwaway3699 wrote:
             | > women displayed little to no interest in being associated
             | with programming "nerds" which were predominantly men to
             | the extent that men over-represented the group of socially
             | outcast nerds
             | 
             | When did this change? I either missed it or this was always
             | an exaggeration in media.
        
               | bluescrn wrote:
               | I think attitudes changed a lot in the late 90s/early
               | 00s.
               | 
               | The Internet suddenly became a big thing, PCs massively
               | growing in popularity, and the image of gaming was
               | changing, becoming a less nerdy pastime with the arrival
               | of the Playstation.
               | 
               | Not really sure if it encouraged a more diverse set of
               | youngsters to develop a serious interest in computing
               | though, as by then we'd already got to the point where
               | 'learning to use a computer' now meant Word+Excel rather
               | than BASIC or LOGO
        
         | disgrunt wrote:
         | Or possibly, academia and the general workforce optimize for
         | different things not included in your list?
         | 
         | Does anyone here think their academic experience was a direct
         | analog for their workforce experience?
        
         | proc0 wrote:
         | > women have no interest in money, academic skills have no
         | bearing in getting high paying jobs
         | 
         | Correct. I've yet to impress with my math skills, just saying.
        
         | Rabei wrote:
         | Women face a tradeoff in their relation to their careers and
         | pregnancies that men do not.
         | 
         | Even in the countries where child bearing is highly protected
         | in the workplace i would suppose this can explain at a
         | significant chunk of the gap.
        
         | kashkhan wrote:
         | or this is the cumulative effect of systematic discrimination
         | for decades and centuries.
        
           | wing-_-nuts wrote:
           | I'm not denying it's true, but I have little patience for
           | this argument because we can't actually _do_ anything about
           | it. Injustice today? Yes, we should absolutely stop that
           | where ever we find it, but what am I supposed to do _today_
           | about the fact that women could not vote in 1920? Words are
           | cheap, actions matter. I 'd much rather focus on current
           | discrimination than dig up injustices from the past.
        
           | CydeWeys wrote:
           | This is the right answer, certainly a larger factor than
           | anything else being discussed here. In the US, women were
           | only granted the right to vote a century ago, and a time when
           | it was considered improper for well-to-do women to work is
           | within the memory of many living Americans.
        
         | oh_sigh wrote:
         | Or, people pursue their passions as young people without much
         | regard for what a professional career would look like.
         | 
         | I fiddled with programming and computers as a young teen
         | because I found it interesting, not because I thought I could
         | eventually make money with it. My good friend wrote fantasy
         | stories all the time, because that was her interest.
         | 
         | 20 years later, I can retire whenever I want because of the
         | choices I made as a nerdy 13 year old, whereas my friend is
         | getting paid $40k/yr editing a small newspaper.
        
         | iagovar wrote:
         | Having Babies. Really, being a mother is what skews most stats
         | about women on money issues.
         | 
         | There has been policymaking about this in a bunch of european
         | countries, and if they are released from financial constrains
         | (handouts, public housing, whatever) they seem to double down
         | on it.
         | 
         | Let's face it, working, for most people, is something you do
         | out of necessity. Why do we really expect women to have a
         | similar behaviour of men about work, when they have a socially
         | aceptable and now economical venue to avoid it.
         | 
         | There's probably a small percentage of men that find their work
         | interesting. Even smaller for all their work life.
         | 
         | Edit: Please, yeah, I know that raising children is work,
         | pardon my lightly written comment.
        
           | aklemm wrote:
           | Having babies and raising them fully--especially doing it
           | well--is not avoiding work.
        
             | aklemm wrote:
             | Some replies might be missing the point that it may well be
             | reasonable to pay people raising children. OP implies it's
             | a handout. I would argue it's an unpaid service to society
             | and those of you relying on a crop of well-educated non-
             | criminals to be your employees and peers are freeloading.
        
             | throwaway0a5e wrote:
             | >Having babies and raising them fully--especially doing it
             | well--is not avoiding work.
             | 
             | It was pretty obvious from the context that the person
             | you're replying to meant "working" as in "working a job for
             | money".
        
             | iagovar wrote:
             | You're right, but you ain't making the big bucks. Even
             | then, they seem to find it rewarding enough.
             | 
             | If I was woman and I decided to have baby, I'd probably be
             | either very stressed with my current job, or looking for
             | something part time.
             | 
             | Now imagine if I live in Sweden or the like where the state
             | hands out money for raising children.
        
               | jhasse wrote:
               | wait, there are countries where the state does NOT hand
               | out money for raising children?
        
               | klyrs wrote:
               | In Canada and the US, the state will take children away
               | from parents in poverty rather than hand out money. But
               | then it gets _really_ weird; they then place the children
               | in foster homes, which get significant handouts.
        
               | iagovar wrote:
               | Yeah, probably most? IDK, I don't have the stats at hand,
               | but in plenty of places you're alone agains't what it
               | comes to you, no matter your gender.
               | 
               | The personal and societal reasoning about parenthood
               | changes, but they still do have babies, despite being on
               | their own. For many people, children is their retirement
               | plan.
               | 
               | Anyway, it's not the same to have a nice monthly stipend
               | than a small cheque far in between. Spain, for example,
               | is considerably worse financially-wise for raising a kid
               | than countries more up north. Not only because the
               | country job market is shit (which is important even if
               | you don't work, because your partner has to bring money
               | home), but because the state really doesn't do much about
               | it.
               | 
               | Now imagine living in a place where there isn't really a
               | functional state to look for.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | scarmig wrote:
             | It's not avoiding work, but it is making a choice to pursue
             | one type of work (child rearing) over another (market labor
             | in shitty, unfulfilling, but well-paid jobs). That's a
             | choice women have substantially more ability to make than
             | men.
        
             | filoleg wrote:
             | I don't think that the parent comment meant that raising
             | children isn't work. It absolutely is, and an extremely
             | massive one too. What they most likely meant by "avoiding
             | work" is "avoiding a paycheck job".
        
             | renewiltord wrote:
             | Having babies and raising them partly isn't avoiding work
             | either. Babies get partly raised for all sorts of reasons.
        
           | imtringued wrote:
           | Before women were allowed to work the few women that did
           | pursue higher education were basically expected to marry
           | immediately after graduation. There was absolutely zero
           | expectation that you would work a job relevant to your
           | education because you were supposed to be a housewife who is
           | busy with her kids. The biological aspect is probably the
           | biggest driving force.
        
           | Kluny wrote:
           | > Why do we really expect women to have a similar behaviour
           | of men about work, when they have a socially aceptable and
           | now economical venue to avoid it.
           | 
           | Baby raising is quite important work. I would argue that
           | raising the next generation of workers, taxpayer, customers
           | and pension fund contributors is the most important work of
           | all.
        
             | novok wrote:
             | When your "customers" or "boss" are people you love vs. a
             | boss or corporation that is more prone to be an asshole
             | than not, and the work of having kids has genetically
             | encoded feel good chemicals while many find work a pure
             | slog, it's not surprising if given the choice people would
             | chose to be mothers vs. workers for a while.
        
             | renewiltord wrote:
             | Sure. You can replace "work" in his text with "work for
             | hire" or something else if it helps you understand what he
             | meant.
        
               | pseudalopex wrote:
               | Critiquing the framing doesn't mean they didn't
               | understand.
        
               | renewiltord wrote:
               | Understanding somewhat doesn't mean they can't understand
               | better.
        
               | ameister14 wrote:
               | Sure, but the manner in which they critiqued the framing
               | shows they didn't understand, potentially deliberately.
        
               | pseudalopex wrote:
               | It's a common rhetorical device.
        
               | ameister14 wrote:
               | Deliberately changing the intent of someone's words may
               | be a common rhetorical device but it's not engaging with
               | the argument at hand.
        
               | pseudalopex wrote:
               | This isn't a formal debate. There isn't just 1 argument
               | at hand. People bring up tangential points all the time.
        
               | ameister14 wrote:
               | It's not a formal debate, but I think it's rude to
               | misinterpret someone in this way. It's not even a
               | tangential point, because it's not actually connected -
               | it's parallel.
               | 
               | And sure, people do that all the time. People do all
               | sorts of things. It doesn't mean they are communicating
               | effectively, getting any kind of point across or coming
               | to any conclusion at all.
               | 
               | I could start into semantics too, for example saying that
               | people don't bring up tangential points because tangents
               | aren't points they are lines. It wouldn't be a good idea,
               | because it wouldn't further the discussion at all. That's
               | basically what I see happened here.
        
               | 13415 wrote:
               | That comment seems to be based on a misunderstanding of
               | what "framing" means. Framing pertains to different ways
               | of expressing the same facts, for example _the glass is
               | half empty_ vs. _the glas is half full_. Whether you
               | consider work to require being hired and paid for it by
               | an employer or understand it in a broader sense as
               | including any activity that is important for society is
               | not a matter of framing. These are fundamentally
               | different concepts of _work_ that also have different
               | extensions.
        
             | nemo44x wrote:
             | No one disagrees. We literally have a day to celebrate that
             | and societies for millennia have cherished that. Many wars
             | have been fought in essence so the mothers of their group
             | would have better conditions to be a mother in as it gives
             | their offspring the best chance to thrive.
             | 
             | Most everyone loves their mom more than anything else.
        
             | sb52191 wrote:
             | You're completely missing the point of the person's
             | comment...
             | 
             | The top comment is asking why girl's perform better, and
             | yet and under-represented in top tier jobs. The comment you
             | replied to responds that they think it's because of having
             | child and choosing not to go back to work.
             | 
             | At no point are they taking a stance on whether or not
             | raising a child is as important as working a job...
        
               | Kluny wrote:
               | I think YOU'RE missing the point. Childcare is still
               | considered a less important and honorable occupation than
               | pretty much everything else you can do. If you're "just"
               | a parent, you're not considered qualified for really
               | anything else.
               | 
               | That means most men won't do it, because they'll lose
               | status. Meanwhile women will always place lower
               | importance on status than on childcare, and so they will
               | do childcare because no one is available to do it for
               | them.
               | 
               | The disparity won't ever disappear until it's just as
               | valid and socially supported for a man to stay home and
               | raise children, as for a woman.
        
               | jtmarl1n wrote:
               | You're making a straw man argument about the importance
               | of work that wasn't in the original commenter's post at
               | all. Seems like you are bringing bias or an agenda into
               | your comment.
        
             | jimbokun wrote:
             | > Baby raising is quite important work.
             | 
             | Which is exactly why many women drop out of the work force
             | to do this important work, and many men would, too, if it
             | was more socially acceptable for them?
        
             | ganzuul wrote:
             | ..Just have to say that these are terrible reasons to have
             | children.
             | 
             | You produce a small version of yourself and you are
             | emotionally satisfied that something you did will mean
             | something in the end. If you get to raise the child
             | yourself then you get to perpetuate your mental life as
             | well.
             | 
             | Still selfish reasons, but at least much better than
             | producing... laborers.
        
             | swebs wrote:
             | Sure, but that's something most humans naturally want to
             | do, even if they have no financial incentive. Most people
             | don't like having to go to the office 8 hours a day, and
             | very few probably would if money wasn't in the equation.
        
               | Pet_Ant wrote:
               | > Sure, but that's something most humans naturally want
               | to do,
               | 
               | I don't know that is true of most men. Have children?
               | Sure. Raise them? Not so sure. I once read that men
               | wanting to have more children is inversely proportional
               | to the amount of work the mother expects them to
               | contribute.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | If you took a bunch of women that weren't expected to be
               | the primary caregiver, and gave them the same variety of
               | expected hours per day spent on children, I would expect
               | to see a similar correlation.
        
               | bobthechef wrote:
               | Men and women contribute to child rearing in different
               | ways.
               | 
               | Women tend to be more nurturing so their role is
               | disproportionately more important during a child's
               | earlier formative years. They also tend to have a
               | stronger orientation toward domestic affairs. Men, on the
               | other hand, tend to be more strongly oriented toward the
               | public sphere. The home is the focal point. Thus women
               | are at the center of the action, as it were, when it
               | comes to the amount of time they spend with children,
               | while men tend to be more strongly motivated to take care
               | of affairs for the sake of their families outside of the
               | home. The home is also associated with greater safety and
               | comfort, which is something women tend to prefer (we also
               | see this reflected in occupational preferences), while
               | the public sphere contains more risk and discomfort,
               | something men prefer to face esp. when the reward is
               | sufficiently high (this is also reflected in occupational
               | preferences; men tend to prefer taking on more dangerous
               | and higher stress jobs and longer hours in exchange for
               | more pay).
               | 
               | I have used the word "tend" for a reason. These are not
               | two sealed off magisteria. Proportion is probably good
               | way to frame things, though to a point. So men also
               | participate in child rearing, esp. where discipline is
               | concerned (the complement of maternal nurturing is the
               | need for paternal authority which serves the child later
               | in other ways like the ability to relate to authority
               | elsewhere in a healthy way). Women also operate in the
               | public sphere and often also work. Conditions and
               | circumstances can also constrain how male and female
               | roles are expressed.
        
             | bobthechef wrote:
             | Frankly, I would make the stronger point: it's more
             | important than your job (raising children can be difficult,
             | to be sure, but it's not quite "work" in the sense that
             | work by and large tends to be servile while raising
             | children is a higher end for which work is done). The
             | reason people work is overwhelmingly so that they can
             | support their children and their families.
        
             | rjbwork wrote:
             | I think you're being deliberately obtuse and uncharitable
             | to the argument being presented. Any reasonable and
             | charitable reading clearly interprets it as talking about
             | "job for pay" rather than saying "childcare is not work".
        
           | farias0 wrote:
           | I'm sorry but why are you so sure they're trying to avoid
           | work? From my experience most women would love to have
           | careers and be financially independent and successful. But
           | babies indeed make it a lot harder -- both from a time/energy
           | perspective and from a discrimination perspective.
        
             | iagovar wrote:
             | I'm too lazy to look for literature (sorry), but I remember
             | studying it, and later read some paper about it.
             | 
             | Anyway, whatever is the reason, they do take the tradeoff.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | wing-_-nuts wrote:
           | >Having Babies. Really, being a mother is what skews most
           | stats about women on money issues. There has been
           | policymaking about this in a bunch of european countries, and
           | if they are released from financial constrains (handouts,
           | public housing, whatever) they seem to double down on it.
           | 
           | Curious as to what you mean by 'doubling down on it'?
           | 
           | You're not wrong in your statement that having kids kills the
           | career of many women. The question is, why? The drive to
           | reproduce is probably our second strongest in the human
           | species, right after survival. Why, then, is it not easier to
           | have kids _and_ a career? It 's about as universal a value as
           | we have. Why is it not more supported? Why don't we have any
           | guaranteed child leave in the US? Why don't we have universal
           | daycare / preK?
           | 
           | I say all this as a guy who doesn't even want kids, but I do
           | think it would be better for society if there was more
           | support for parents, even if I paid more taxes to pay for it.
        
             | chlodwig wrote:
             | _Why don 't we have universal daycare / preK?_
             | 
             | How about increasing the tax credit that goes to all
             | parent, regardless of they choose to do childcare? Maybe
             | for some parents that would be enough that one parent could
             | quit their job and finally have the joy of spending more of
             | their time with their own kid. I don't see why we should
             | subsidize institutional childcare over other forms of
             | caring for the very young.
        
           | P_I_Staker wrote:
           | I'm mostly with you on this, but there's a larger percentage
           | of guys than you think. If you worked in corporate America
           | long enough, especially in tech, you've encountered lots of
           | guys that clearly enjoy being at work more than home.
           | 
           | People are complicated. I had a comment along the same lines
           | as yours, but now that I talk about it, I'm not sure what I'd
           | do. It's a total tossup. Moot point because I don't feel like
           | I can leave the workforce, but it's not so clear.
           | 
           | I do think you brought up a good point though. It's kind of a
           | forbidden dark point, but still one worth considering. What
           | if it really is better to have less money, and not have to
           | deal with any of this work stuff?
        
           | tshaddox wrote:
           | In the United States in the last 30 years, the percentage of
           | women working in computing fields has decreased
           | significantly. In that same time period, births per women has
           | decreased and the age of first-time mothers has increased.
        
         | P_I_Staker wrote:
         | Many of the above are true. Especially, academic skill is one
         | of the most overrated abilities out there. You're better off
         | with zero skill or being actively harmful, if you know how to
         | play the game and have the right face (I don't mean literally,
         | though sometimes that too. Do you say the right things and have
         | the correct manners?)
         | 
         | I'd add that most men really don't have the opportunity to be a
         | homemaker. So most men don't even have the option of ruining
         | their career to take care of kids. It might be seen as "okay"
         | for men to be stay at home dads, but I know all it's going to
         | do is be devastating for my social status.
         | 
         | It's actually interesting to talk about because technically
         | these things are true for women too, but we have a whole
         | industry and philosophy around motherhood; it's seen as a more
         | important role than fatherhood. I'm a guy that doesn't really
         | care about money and it hasn't occurred to me to try being a
         | full time father. It might be the better fit for me, but I
         | don't see that as even an option. I'd be worried that I'd be
         | judged as unuseful and unattractive, discarded, and left
         | without any compensation (alimony, child support, ect.) or say
         | in anything.
         | 
         | We need to be doing way more to soften the blow of parenthood
         | for anyone. I also think we need some kind of way of honoring
         | fatherhood, as we've done for motherhood, or to do so in a non-
         | gendered way. It's not just about women not taking jobs that
         | result in less pay, it's men refusing to take jobs (parenthood)
         | that are harmful to their career, because their career is all
         | they have.
        
         | kache_ wrote:
         | Most of my money is attributable to my negotiation skills and
         | assertiveness, rather than my programming skill that I bent
         | over backwards to develop.
        
           | ImprovedSilence wrote:
           | I would agree with this. However Ive seen very assertive
           | women take advantage of that as much as men or even more, and
           | where I work its probably <10% of my co workers of either sex
           | take active roles in "managing" their career as opposed to
           | just showing up and hoping their work gets noticed, or just
           | coasting and enjoying the paycheck they have (while still
           | grumbling about fading benefits, of course)
        
         | chlodwig wrote:
         | _How is it possible that girls perform better academically (in
         | 2015) yet are under represented in the top tier of jobs?_
         | 
         | I'd argue mostly for 1) and 2).
         | 
         | Here is my model:
         | 
         | 1. Men have higher variance on any skill, even if men and women
         | have the same average level, men will outnumber women at the
         | highest and lowest levels by 2 or 3 to 1.
         | 
         | 2. The median girl is much more likely to do her busy work
         | because her teacher tells her to. Boys are more likely to do
         | some bit of work only because they see some advantage to
         | themselves. Boys are more likely to do unassigned work if they
         | see some sort of long-term advantage to it (eg, learning
         | programming on the side). The boy of 40th percentile aptitude,
         | who knows he will never have a job doing math, isn't going to
         | try that hard at his math homework. But that same boy might
         | tinker with his car on the side and become a great mechanic.
         | 
         | When we reach the real world, males are finally doing work that
         | has a pay-off, not just busy work. So they actually start
         | trying hard, as compared to schoolwork where the median girl
         | does more homework than the median boy.
         | 
         | The median girl works harder than the median boy at busywork.
         | But when we reach the real world, the top man in a given career
         | path is working just as hard as the top woman, and because of
         | higher male variance, there are more men of top abilities that
         | get the top positions.
         | 
         | On top of that, in my experience, women do make different
         | choices with career paths. Men do seem to seek career paths
         | that pay well, women often want to go into "non-profits" and
         | areas with a "social mission." It's interesting how we moved
         | toward an expectation that women work instead of staying home
         | -- but we taught girls that the purpose of work is "self-
         | actualization", while more men still have the expectation that
         | they are to find a job that can support a family. (These are
         | gross generalizations, and broad trends I have observed,
         | obviously, many exceptions exist).
         | 
         | And as others pointed out, many women, correctly IMO, would
         | much rather stay home with their babies or take a "mommy track"
         | job than take a high-powered career path.
        
         | burlesona wrote:
         | I don't know how true this is, but one thing I've seen
         | referenced a few times is that students perform better under
         | teachers of their gender, especially at younger ages. It
         | wouldn't be hard to imagine the same applies for employee
         | performance in the workplace.
         | 
         | If that were true, given that K-12 teachers are overwhelmingly
         | female, then you would expect females to do better in school.
         | Conversely I believe managerial jobs skew male, which you would
         | expect to benefit the performance of males in such workplaces.
         | 
         | Again I don't have a study handy so I'm not sure how empirical
         | that is, it may just be conjecture.
        
         | B-Con wrote:
         | I'd like to see data on academic performance in specialties.
         | Most well-paying first world countries employ specialists (eg,
         | doctors, programmers, lawyers, accountants, etc). Recall
         | Simpson's paradox in statistics, where a general distribution
         | doesn't have to apply to the individual sub-sets.
         | 
         | FTA:
         | 
         | > Women who go to university are more likely than their male
         | peers to graduate, and typically get better grades. But men and
         | women tend to study different subjects, with many women
         | choosing courses in education, health, arts and the humanities,
         | whereas men take up computing, engineering and the exact
         | sciences. In mathematics women are drawing level; in the life
         | sciences, social sciences, business and law they have moved
         | ahead.
         | 
         | This paragraph seems to support the idea of my above musing.
         | 
         | > academic skills have no bearing in getting high paying jobs
         | 
         | I highly doubt that there is _no_ correlation, but I doubt that
         | education is the sole factor. Girls performance over boys is a
         | slight, but significant, edge, but since success likely draws
         | from a handful of other factors, a few of them having a counter
         | slight, but significant edge, might be enough to swing the
         | other direction.
        
         | barbacoa wrote:
         | I don't understand why people ignore the role children play in
         | the life ambitions of women.
        
         | 29athrowaway wrote:
         | In part, because salary has to do with agreeableness and many
         | cultures have stupid expectations for women such as them
         | expected to be more agreeable.
         | 
         | Also, the likelihood of career advancement is lower for people
         | perceived as being more neurotic, and many cultures have
         | stereotypes consisting of women being more neurotic than men.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | dekhn wrote:
         | In many subfields of biology, women have achieved numerical
         | parity at all levels (IE, there are roughly 50% women in entry
         | and leadership positions). It seems like some highly
         | quantitative fields which have traditionally been male-
         | dominated (CS, physics) may very well be practicing some sort
         | of entry discrimination. It's unclear what the full set of
         | contributing factors are.
        
           | MattGaiser wrote:
           | You also can't have mathematical equality with some fields
           | dominated by women, like nursing.
           | 
           | If every field is 50% or better in women, you need a heck of
           | a lot more women.
        
             | Robotbeat wrote:
             | Unless you just have a lot of incarcerated and jobless men.
        
             | esja wrote:
             | This is often forgotten. In aggregate, for every woman
             | persuaded to become a bricklayer instead of a kindergarten
             | teacher, a man must be persuaded to do the reverse. This is
             | just never going to happen across all industries.
        
           | rajin444 wrote:
           | How do you know 50% is the correct amount of women at all
           | levels?
        
             | pseudalopex wrote:
             | They didn't say it is.
        
               | rajin444 wrote:
               | > It seems like some highly quantitative fields which
               | have traditionally been male-dominated (CS, physics) may
               | very well be practicing some sort of entry discrimination
               | 
               | Maybe I misread, but I interpreted this follow up
               | statement as "50% is correct, here's why (CS, physics)
               | may not be at this level".
        
               | pseudalopex wrote:
               | About 20% of people in CS are women. Ordinary male
               | variability, difference in median aptitude, and employer
               | selectivity could explain some of the disparity. But 20%
               | is extraordinary. And people rationalized the disparity
               | in biology the same ways people rationalize the disparity
               | in CS.
        
             | dekhn wrote:
             | I didn't mean to imply that at all, although it does seem
             | like the first reasonable target: all job categories,
             | except for ones that require people to be a specific gender
             | for some reason, should have participation roughly
             | proportional to the proportion of that gender (or other
             | attribute) in society.
             | 
             | I'm not certain that's the right goal, but what I said
             | above was working a model where 50% women participation
             | seemed like the expected amount.
        
               | esja wrote:
               | Would you consider kindergarten teaching to require a
               | specific gender? Or carpentry? If not, please explain how
               | you are going to persuade a huge number of women who
               | wanted to be kindergarten teachers to instead become
               | carpenters, while also persuading an equal number of men
               | to do the reverse. That is what your target requires
               | (across many occupations). It will never happen.
        
               | dekhn wrote:
               | I'm not trying to push people into roles they don't want
               | (I think I've made clear that the approach I described is
               | a simple one to start at, not a good policy). My model in
               | this case (which doesn't really map to reality) is
               | "gender preference for roles is unbiased uniform random".
               | 
               | I don't really think job preferences are that strongly
               | encoded in gender, I think far more men could be
               | kindergarten teachers and more women carpenters, although
               | men who try to become teachers face a huge amount of
               | extra work because people don't trust men with kids as
               | much.
        
               | jimbokun wrote:
               | > all job categories, except for ones that require people
               | to be a specific gender for some reason, should have
               | participation roughly proportional to the proportion of
               | that gender (or other attribute) in society.
               | 
               | Why?
        
               | visarga wrote:
               | Where is the free will of individuals factored in? I
               | mean, if people in group A don't want to do job B, should
               | we force them to reach parity?
               | 
               | I think it's better to ensure equal opportunities and let
               | people decide.
        
               | dekhn wrote:
               | that is one of the reasons I said my approach was a good
               | start.
               | 
               | It's unclear, in a truly equal opportunity society, what
               | the gender preference breakdowns for specific job roles
               | would be. A simple first order approximation is "no
               | preference".
        
               | dionidium wrote:
               | > _A simple first order approximation is "no
               | preference"._
               | 
               | That's a reasonable first-order approximation, but it
               | seems not to be reflected in the data, which show that as
               | societies become more equal, gender disparities in field
               | choice _increase_.
               | 
               | See: _" Countries with greater gender equality have a
               | lower percentage of female STEM graduates"_ (https://www.
               | sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/02/180214150132.h...)
        
               | rajin444 wrote:
               | I agree! I think trying to apply a high level value will
               | result in more discrimination, however. i.e, if we see X
               | group of society under/overrepresented by Y%, we do not
               | have enough understanding to draw any meaningful
               | conclusions from this. Large enough discrepancies should
               | be investigated as possibly a canary for discrimination,
               | but in some cases there may not be any (NFL lineman will
               | likely always be men).
               | 
               | I think the correct answer is to evaluate people as
               | individuals on their merits. However, this is expensive
               | (in many ways) and still flawed. My view is that we are
               | much close to coming up with a "fair interview" than we
               | are with understanding the massive amounts of complexity
               | explaining discrepancies in human populations.
        
           | asdff wrote:
           | I think the training environment at the undergraduate level
           | is still toxic for women. I graduated 4 years ago, and while
           | I wasn't in the CS program I had a female friend who was and
           | she often lamented how isolating that program could be. This
           | was a huge program at a huge school (50k undergrad), yet she
           | was often one of only a few women in the program, and as she
           | progressed she became even more of a minority as others
           | switched majors. Of course there were hardly any women
           | professors or role models as well.
           | 
           | Engineering is a field that selects for a certain
           | personality, not all the time, but I think everyone here
           | knows at least a couple classmates like this who are pretty
           | arrogant, stubborn, self validating, the type to argue with
           | the TA over their wrong homework answer for half the class,
           | and never one to admit shortcomings. It's also a major that
           | encourages regular group projects, where you might be stuck
           | with personalities like this, or legitimately total creeps
           | with questionable hygiene (I've seen all of this even outside
           | CSE in my program). I think we all remember a few creeps from
           | the undergrad days, too. Frankly, many of these men,
           | especially in that age between 18-22 when you are basically a
           | high schooler in maturity and might never had a female friend
           | before due to social awkwardness, are overtly misogynistic,
           | maybe without even knowing it just by cracking dumb jokes for
           | cheap laughs among their male friends.
           | 
           | In majors with more representation among women, you are less
           | likely to be saddled with these personalities (or even have
           | to do massively weighted capstone group projects), and more
           | likely to have camaraderie among people in the same boat as
           | you, and are more likely to see through the major without
           | switching to another one.
        
             | ku-man wrote:
             | When you say engineering, you are referring to actual
             | engineering right?, e.g. civil, mechanical, etc
        
           | 13415 wrote:
           | Maybe linguistics vs. philosophy is a good example. They are
           | not too different from each other and I've studied both of
           | them. My impression has always been that male vs. female
           | linguistics professors were roughly 50:50, whereas at least
           | in the past there were way more male than female philosophy
           | professors. It seems to be getting better now in philosophy,
           | though.
           | 
           | However, I could be totally wrong about this, as I've never
           | bothered to check the figures.
        
       | bopbeepboop wrote:
       | We've known misandry in academia is real for a generation.
       | 
       | Let's get organized.
        
       | GNU_James wrote:
       | White guy here. No regular male is silly enough to stay on
       | University here. Think about it. There are lots of foreigners but
       | no locals.
        
         | coolspot wrote:
         | How your skin color is relevant?
        
           | selimthegrim wrote:
           | The point is that status is low and working conditions poor
           | and you're not respected - see the lack of American STEM grad
           | students who realize they are basically pawns of the profs
           | and administration who just listen to the lawyers and
           | undergrads who pay the bills (outside of top research
           | institutions)
        
             | coolspot wrote:
             | But foreigners can be white too (Europe, Russia, Asia) with
             | all the implications, so the OP's skin color is not
             | relevant here.
        
               | pattakak wrote:
               | Stop being so pedantic about this and take it from an
               | American perspective. The amount of grad students in my
               | school's department from Europe is very low, and the
               | amount of American grad students is also very low. That's
               | what he's trying to get at here.
        
               | GNU_James wrote:
               | I am in eastern Europe and our foreign students are all
               | from Asia. Huge mental shortcut.
        
       | micdr0p wrote:
       | https://web.archive.org/web/20210309182923/https://www.econo...
        
       | GoodJokes wrote:
       | sweet another boys vs. girls thread.
        
       | codevark wrote:
       | That's right, the women are smarter.
        
       | viach wrote:
       | Isn't this considered incorrect nowadays - to publicly generalize
       | a superiority of a group of humans with dimension by race or
       | gender?
        
         | nemo44x wrote:
         | It has nothing to do with superiority. More girls are "average"
         | than boys. More boys are "brilliant" than girls but also more
         | are "dumb". It's about variance and distribution of intellect
         | among each sex. A boy is more likely to be a genius or a dolt
         | than a girl and a girl is more likely to be competent than a
         | boy overall.
        
         | FactCore wrote:
         | I find your sentiment interesting, but we can't ignore a fact
         | in favor of not hurting people's feelings. Of course, more
         | research is always being done, so I'm sure in a few years a new
         | research paper will come out and we will hear a different facts
         | about a certain gender's academic performance. Then next big
         | paper comes out and the cycle repeats.
         | 
         | That's just my two cents anyways.
        
           | cmdshiftf4 wrote:
           | Have you been living in a cave for the past 10 years?
        
             | tester756 wrote:
             | What makes you think that he's been living in cave?
        
               | ZephyrBlu wrote:
               | Because culturally the world (At least the western world)
               | has the complete opposite attitude.
               | 
               | Feelings are more important than facts to many people
               | nowadays.
        
               | tester756 wrote:
               | >Feelings are more important than facts to many people
               | nowadays.
               | 
               | is it good or bad in your opinion?
        
           | tester756 wrote:
           | >different facts
           | 
           | or fabricated papers heh
        
           | viach wrote:
           | > but we can't ignore a fact in favor of not hurting people's
           | feelings
           | 
           | This should be either a perfectly put sarcastic statement or
           | a result of living in a sort of cultural isolation in the
           | past decade.
        
             | tester756 wrote:
             | why?
        
       | p0nce wrote:
       | Super interesting page:
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_differences_in_cognition
        
       | 99_00 wrote:
       | It's because women are better at school.
        
       | kderbyma wrote:
       | This is one of those cases where you get the outcome you design
       | for....they don't know they designed a system that is better
       | suited for women. biology affects men's and women differently.
       | that's why if you notice. most of the difference shows up during
       | and after puberty. small children are not very different (when
       | controlled for environmental bias)
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | ganzuul wrote:
       | Bypass paywall: https://archive.is/E6NWK
       | 
       | I kinda suspect not a lot of people are reading TFA since no one
       | has noticed it's paywalled.
        
         | guerrilla wrote:
         | To be fair, it wasn't paywalled for me. But you're right,
         | nobody is addressing the explanations given in the article and
         | instead making up their own.
        
       | throwgender123 wrote:
       | I've noticed throughout my life that negative outcomes that
       | primarily affect females (math test scores, wage gap, etc) are
       | Huge Problems That Demand Immediate Action, and negative outcomes
       | that primarily affect males (language test scores, life
       | expectancy gap) are just kind of how it is. I'm not bitching
       | about it or pushing an agenda, but it's not subtle.
        
         | berdario wrote:
         | Maybe?
         | 
         | the wage gap has clear reasons (mens' jobs are better paid,
         | women get promoted less) and thus clear solutions (stop
         | discriminating against women at hiring/promotion time, or
         | improve women's retention thus allowing them to stick in a job
         | for longer, improving their chances at a promotion), even if
         | these solutions are easier said than done.
         | 
         | the life expectancy gap instead... what are the reasons? I
         | suspect that in some cultures it can be because of gender-
         | specific abuse of alcohol... but if that's the reason ( or even
         | if otherwise if the reason is biological) I'm not sure that we
         | have an obvious solution to the problem.
         | 
         | Also, I presume that language test score could be as concerning
         | as math test scores... but the latter will help students pursue
         | a STEM career, which is better remunerated than a career that
         | makes use of knowledge of languages. From that point of view,
         | to improve opportunities later in life, fixing math scores can
         | have priority.
        
         | standardUser wrote:
         | Generally speaking, the clearly oppressed and disadvantaged
         | group is the one we focus on in terms of equity. Men are not,
         | nor have they ever been, that group.
        
           | DC1350 wrote:
           | Men are the disadvantaged group when you look at things they
           | do worse than women though. There's no such thing as being
           | disadvantaged overall.
        
           | busterarm wrote:
           | You know that the article is about a study demonstrating that
           | women are outachieving men academically, right? It's outright
           | suggesting that there is some as-of-yet-identified
           | disadvantage there.
           | 
           | So while you say "no, not ever", I say "are you even having
           | the same conversation we are?"
        
           | ganzuul wrote:
           | Being coerced into fighting wars that have nothing to do with
           | you is clearly oppressive. Maintaining a society which
           | accepts this, is oppressive. Violence for entertainment is
           | male-focused, and oppressive.
           | 
           | Men are very, very oppressed. A few who have escaped into
           | financial independence does not make a trend.
        
           | garmaine wrote:
           | Maybe we should be focusing on outcomes and equality, not
           | equity?
        
           | Veen wrote:
           | It may be true that men have historically dominated the top
           | of most institutions--that most "oppressors" are men--but it
           | doesn't follow that the majority of men are privileged or
           | that most women are oppressed and disadvantaged, especially
           | in modern western societies.
        
             | at_a_remove wrote:
             | Yes, that is called the "apex fallacy."
        
           | dudul wrote:
           | You're literally commenting on an article that shows you that
           | boys are the disadvantaged group.
        
           | zepto wrote:
           | This is the problem with making it about sex or gender.
           | 
           | 'Men' as a category may not be that group with respect to
           | 'Women' as a category.
           | 
           | But there are a huge number of men who are in fact, just as
           | disadvantaged as a huge number of women even if that number
           | is marginally smaller.
           | 
           | There is no reason at all why those men's problems should not
           | be receiving the same attention that women's problems are
           | receiving, other than the framing as a response to oppression
           | of groups.
        
             | LanceH wrote:
             | This is the issue with scoping our solutions based on
             | identity rather than to those suffering the symptoms we
             | would like to address.
        
           | Der_Einzige wrote:
           | In America, the chances of you being mutilated (non-medically
           | necessary circumcision) are astronomically higher as a man
           | than as a woman.
           | 
           | Men have been that group when it comes to their foreskin.
        
         | PoignardAzur wrote:
         | Eh, I think it will average out eventually.
         | 
         | New political currents hate ambiguity and nuance. If you're
         | trying to motivate people to rise up against the Empire, the
         | last thing you want to hear is people saying "Okay, but some
         | imperial officers are actually good people, and this Saw
         | Guerrera is a sadistic monster", even though both are true.
         | 
         | Eventually, once the Rebellion becomes widespread enough,
         | people start saying "Okay, the Empire was awful and we're glad
         | it's gone, but maybe we should cut back on the whole hunt-down-
         | every-single-ex-stormtrooper-and-murder-them-and-their-family
         | thing".
         | 
         | I hope, anyway.
        
           | throwgender123 wrote:
           | > Eh, I think it will average out eventually.
           | 
           | I agree, which is why I'm not bitching about it. But it's
           | also kind of sad. I have a young son, and even at 5yo he has
           | seen enough "yay girls!" messages in books and cartoons to
           | deduce that there's something wrong with being a boy.
           | 
           | It's also a good example of the societal construction of
           | concepts like "oppression". The idea that women earning less
           | for the same work is a huge problem, and that men doing more
           | dangerous jobs and dying younger isn't, is a subjective
           | choice we've made. And the problem isn't so much that it's
           | wrong, but that we don't have to choose. We _could_ decide
           | that they 're both problems, but we don't. And I think the
           | reason has a lot to do with the heavily-downvoted sibling
           | comment saying, "Well, we worry about the oppressed people,
           | and men aren't oppressed."
        
         | screye wrote:
         | As long as males have to compete to woo females, the natural
         | order will persist.
         | 
         | Every species on earth shows us this: "males are disposable,
         | females matter". A 1M:100F ratio can revive an extinct species.
         | A 1F:100M ratio is a blood bath. There are zero incentives for
         | powerful men to help underperforming men, while women have
         | neither natural nor sociological pressures stopping them from
         | helping other women.
         | 
         | For better or for worse, we are barreling towards a point where
         | male underachievement won't be ignorable. More than 50% of
         | women will have to 'settle' for a man with worse career
         | prospects. Scarily enough, if women choose to continue acting
         | oblivious while wielding their primary evolutionary bargaining
         | chip (-\\_(tsu)_/-) to their fullest, then at least a couple of
         | generations of men will waste away before a proper equilibrium
         | is reached.
         | 
         | Ofc, this is a hypothesis that leans too heavily into our
         | animalistic tendencies and their stranglehold over all societal
         | developments. I also don't want this to come off as an MRA
         | rant. Just a few ideas I wanted to put out there.
        
           | machiaweliczny wrote:
           | > while women have neither natural nor sociological pressures
           | stopping them from helping other women
           | 
           | Doesn't pass reality check IME
        
       | hcurtiss wrote:
       | I realize that this isn't terribly PC, but isn't it possible that
       | testosterone is negatively correlated with attention span and
       | compliance and positively correlated with risk taking? You
       | certainly see it in other species. Without any value judgment at
       | all, I would expect this would manifest in different outcomes in
       | academic settings versus competitive markets. That is, it seems
       | likely to me that some of this is due to innate differences
       | between men and women.
        
         | xyzzy123 wrote:
         | Except that boys don't have elevated testosterone as children.
         | 
         | There are a couple of points in very early life, then not until
         | puberty.
         | 
         | You could still point to the indirect effects of elevated T
         | during infancy.
        
         | waterheater wrote:
         | PC or not, academic literature supports your views.
         | 
         | http://psych2.phil.uni-erlangen.de/~oschult/humanlab/publica...
         | 
         | "Thus, high levels of testosterone are associated with
         | willingness to incur greater risk in both sexes."
         | 
         | In my experience, this view has loose ties to ADHD,
         | specifically regarding the hunter-farmer hypothesis:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunter_vs._farmer_hypothesis
         | 
         | Doesn't say it in the article, but Hartmann's main book on ADHD
         | discusses how he tested an African tribe for ADHD. 100% of
         | those tested were "positive" for ADHD.
         | 
         | I believe we're looking at evolutionary aftereffects of
         | generations of family-based societies where men hunt and women
         | run the family.
        
           | hcurtiss wrote:
           | Thanks. I don't have any education in this arena, but I know
           | for certain why we geld male riding horses. It radically
           | changes their disposition.
        
             | musingsole wrote:
             | It takes a skilled rider to even think about riding a
             | stallion. Geldings are puppies in comparison.
        
         | TrackerFF wrote:
         | I think testosterone increases self-confidence, which in turn
         | is incredibly helpful when it comes to things like negotiation,
         | interviews, and just selling oneself.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | f430 wrote:
       | lower testosterone is beneficial
       | 
       | - less sexual ruminations
       | 
       | - emotional intelligence and organization
       | 
       | - cooperation over leadership
       | 
       | - retains better short and long term memories
       | 
       | - female adult role model is more likely to be available and
       | present
       | 
       | Unfortunately HN is dominated by testosterone driven gender so
       | its impossible to have any sort of civilized discussions about
       | this.
        
         | The_rationalist wrote:
         | Source your extraordinary claims (probably BS).
        
           | f430 wrote:
           | I think your comment confirms my original points.
           | 
           | downvote away to confirm your self fulfilling biases.
        
             | lamp987 wrote:
             | Evidence is a male thing? Thats rather sexist.
        
         | hu3 wrote:
         | I tend to agree that females can be better. But in different
         | ways and there's a caveat. Here goes my n=1.
         | 
         | I have the privilege to work with a female developer and she's
         | amazing. By far the most productive among our team of devs in
         | terms of feature output.
         | 
         | Her concentration is unmatched as if she was on adderall all
         | day but she doesn't take any drug.
         | 
         | However her peak in terms of technical excellence is not as
         | high as some of the male developers. Her code is good but not
         | the best. And that's fine.
         | 
         | Once during lunch I asked if she knew any other female dev so
         | we could bring to the team. She smiled and promptly replied:
         | "No way I'm working with other girls. They are too chatty,
         | dishonest and tend to pull the carpet from under you. I say
         | that because I'm a girl and I would rather work with guys."
         | 
         | Needless to say I was not expecting that response.
         | 
         | One thing I noticed is she can multitask much better than us
         | male developers on the team. My context switching cost is quite
         | high to the point I get annoyed when I have too much on my
         | plate while her limit for juggling simultaneous tasks seems to
         | be much higher.
         | 
         | I guess what I wanted to say is that, from my experience, both
         | females and males often excel in different things. And I'd
         | wager that's related to hormones like my parent wrote.
        
         | tester756 wrote:
         | >- cooperation over leadership
         | 
         | In full women environments too?
         | 
         | I always felt or heard that e.g team made fully/majority of
         | women tends to be anything but cooperative.
         | 
         | I felt like a lot of dishonesty was in those teams
        
           | f430 wrote:
           | nash equilibrium
        
         | lamp987 wrote:
         | Nice b8
        
         | tqi wrote:
         | I dislike this line of reasoning. Gender equality is important
         | because equality is important in and of it self.
         | 
         | When people point to studies that show "teams with women
         | perform better" as the reason to push for diverse hiring, I
         | think it subtly implies that if this were not true then we
         | would not need to worry about it, and creates an opening for
         | people to quibble over research methodology.
        
       | refraincomment wrote:
       | Whatever the results say, women are discriminated and they need a
       | pay rise and more acknowledgement. Data will say whatever we tell
       | them.
        
       | ipnon wrote:
       | Do we want equality in this area? Should we change schooling to
       | make it easier for boys than girls until we get to 50/50
       | achievement? Or should we retain the status quo to boost the
       | chances of women succeeding later in their lives when they do not
       | achieve in their careers at the same level as men?
        
         | tomp wrote:
         | I often considered that... in particular, because I (as a white
         | male) am more bothered by the girl-boy discrepancy than by the
         | black-white-Asian discrepancy (in the US).
         | 
         | Why? Is it just self-serving prioritization?
         | 
         | Reflecting more, I don't think it is. I'm naively assuming that
         | the girl-boy difference is likely biological (either female
         | brains are different than male brains, or the differences in
         | sex & reproduction result in equivalent human brains pursuing
         | different life strategies in different bodies), while black-
         | white-Asian difference is likely social, probably related to
         | culture and poverty level (i.e. no brain differences).
         | 
         | It follows that in order to optimize for social good &
         | progress, we should adapt the education system so that both
         | female-ish and male-ish types of brains flourish (note that
         | there is likely significant overlap) _yet_ we should help
         | people out of poverty (which might involve changing education,
         | but also probably other, much more significant efforts) and
         | change culture (make schooling  & achievement more important
         | and popular) to reduce white-black-Asian gap.
        
         | BlargMcLarg wrote:
         | Don't disadvantage young men for the troubles older generations
         | have caused. They did not want to be the scapegoat of women of
         | older generations being held back by society in any form.
         | 
         | Frankly, all the quotas and other artificial constructions to
         | help women should already tip people off that disadvantaging
         | young men further will only cause more and more resentment.
        
         | ganzuul wrote:
         | Yes. No. No.
         | 
         | We have known what the problem is and what the solution is for
         | a long time. - Standard curriculum for non-standard children,
         | and finding out what makes a child special and encouraging that
         | at the expense of other things.
        
         | _-david-_ wrote:
         | I think the best situation would be to mostly separate boys and
         | girls in classes. We could then do things for boys that are
         | generally better for boys and do things for girls that are
         | generally better for girls. There probably should be co-ed
         | schools so boys and girls can still socialize during lunch and
         | other breaks, just not during classes.
        
           | ipnon wrote:
           | One problem: separate public education for boys and girls is
           | illegal in the US.
        
             | _-david-_ wrote:
             | There are non-coed schools (not sure about coed schools but
             | segregated classes like I am advocating for?) in the US.
             | Not sure if only private schools are allowed to do that?
        
           | audunw wrote:
           | But some girls are like boys, and some boys are like girls in
           | this regard. Gender differences fall on a spectrum.
        
             | _-david-_ wrote:
             | No matter what we do some people will not have an ideal
             | education. I think this will maximize the education that
             | works for the most kids. The only way we can actually have
             | an ideal education would be to have 1 teacher per student.
             | That is not really practical.
        
         | 7_my_mind wrote:
         | This won't sound very PC, but despite all the bullshit about
         | equality, men need to be better than women. Women demand that
         | men are better than women. If we are going to end up with a
         | situation where women have higher income potentials than men,
         | nobody will be happy. Women will feel like they cannot find
         | anyone suitable and men will feel like they are inadequate.
        
           | Der_Einzige wrote:
           | You're right on this one, and I hope you don't see mass
           | downvotes for this.
           | 
           | Men are physically stronger and more athletic on average, and
           | it's so extreme that hilarious stories like this [1] come out
           | when top-tier female athletes try to compete against men in
           | some sports. Woman simply do not want to be working the same
           | kind of manual labor jobs at the rate that that men have for
           | this reason, and it would be extremely bad for society if we
           | attempted to fix this "inequality".
           | 
           | But it's even more pronounced in dating/sexual patterns. Most
           | women do not want to be "dominant" and this lack of
           | "dominant" women is a huge problem for men who consider
           | themselves to be "submissive". It's a very talked about issue
           | for men in BDSM communities. And it's even more well known
           | how a majority of women find it very hot to be "dominated"
           | e.g. lightly choked [2]. Women simply will not prefer a
           | society where men on average are not the "dominant" gender,
           | at least in key aspects of society such as the bedroom or in
           | labor intensive work.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/a-dallas-fc-
           | under-15-b...
           | 
           | [2] https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-
           | mix/wp/2014/11/0...
        
             | 7_my_mind wrote:
             | It is also true of incomes which is mostly what I was
             | talking about. Women strongly prefer men with higher
             | earning potential than themselves, and this preference
             | increases as financial incomes of women increase.[1]
             | 
             | A society where women cannot find husbands with higher
             | earning potentials would create a marriage crisis.
             | 
             | [1]
             | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jomf.12372
        
         | TrackerFF wrote:
         | In some countries, various (college/uni) majors/programs have
         | their own quotas or bonus "entrance points" for gender, if the
         | majors are very unbalanced. If/when over time this balance gets
         | closer to 50/50, those quotas/points are removed.
        
       | omot wrote:
       | The amount of insecurity in the thread is a little embarrassing
       | gentlemen. Let's be open minded and entertain the possibility
       | that women are indeed more capable and that societal constructs
       | drag down their career opportunities.
        
         | johncena33 wrote:
         | Yet, being a minority male in tech industry, I am regarded as
         | more privileged than white women just because people of my skin
         | color are more successful in tech industry. It reminds me of
         | the quote from The Office "Andy Bernard does not lose contests.
         | He wins them. Or he quits them because they are unfair." If
         | there's evidence that supports my ideology then it's fair,
         | otherwise, there's oppression.
        
         | supercon wrote:
         | Indeed, the logical conclusion for a man who has the misfortune
         | to end up on the complaining side of one of these conversations
         | is simply: just shut up! Thankfully you had the courage and
         | security to remind us of this, before we further breach the
         | code of conduct and embarrass the male gender! /s
        
         | busterarm wrote:
         | Imagine thinking that your career is the only measure of a
         | successful life.
         | 
         | Maybe career success isn't as important as we make it out to be
         | and bears costs that aren't worth paying, especially for women.
        
         | esja wrote:
         | Imagine reading that men perform better in their careers, and
         | saying to women:
         | 
         | "The amount of insecurity in the thread is a little
         | embarrassing ladies. Let's be open minded and entertain the
         | possibility that men are indeed more capable and that societal
         | constructs drag down their educational opportunities."
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | I don't have to imagine it; you can see that sentiment on HN
           | threads about gender pretty regularly.
        
             | ZephyrBlu wrote:
             | You regularly see condescending comments about male
             | career/educational opportunities being oppressed on HN?
             | 
             | We must be reading very different HN posts.
        
           | standardUser wrote:
           | To do so, you would first have to imagine a world where women
           | were not an oppressed and disadvantaged group throughout all
           | of history. Congrats to anyone who has such a vivid
           | imagination.
        
           | wonnage wrote:
           | This is not the smart comment you thought it was? Men do
           | perform better, you don't have to imagine it. And it's
           | clearly not because men are any more capable.
        
         | dudul wrote:
         | Maybe men are just more capable in a professional setting, and
         | women more capable at school?
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | Agree. As a white male, I don't feel even a bit incensed or
         | threatened in any way by articles like this.
         | 
         | Moving on....
        
       | Wolfenstein98k wrote:
       | And the gap is only growing.
       | 
       | There's a budding problem for gender equality growing, and it's
       | not the usual story.
       | 
       | We're not quite ready to talk about it openly though, without the
       | stated cause being toxic masculinity or something - as if that's
       | a problem that has been getting worse, not better, and is somehow
       | only now taking its biggest toll on boys under 15 (and even under
       | 5).
       | 
       | Alas, the answer must be doubling-down on that narrative and
       | pumping the boys who can't function like girls full of ADHD meds
       | - I was on Ritalin before age 12, and it does "solve the problem"
       | to a workable enough degree for everyone to keep on keeping on.
        
       | throwaway53086 wrote:
       | Anyone with young boys and girls will notice that girls are much
       | more likely to obey rules and instructions. A lot of doing well
       | in school is about following rules and instructions, and it seems
       | pretty natural that girls will do better.
       | 
       | Also, most teachers are women. I haven't checked, but I'd assume
       | most school administrators are women. It seems natural that
       | they'd construct a system that's more suited for females than
       | males.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | dominotw wrote:
         | Do you think it has anything to do with girls having better
         | handwriting.
         | 
         | I couldn't improve my handwriting for the life of me when i was
         | in school and got really poor grades from teachers not being
         | able to read what i was writing.
        
           | kaitai wrote:
           | Fine and large motor skills develop unevenly across
           | genders/brain structures. There may be a link here, a
           | feedback loop.
        
           | analog31 wrote:
           | Today, it's typing. I've seen the difference in kids. I think
           | readability may be one issue, but perhaps even more important
           | is that if writing is physically awkward and painful, it
           | leads to writing fewer words and doing fewer edits.
           | 
           | My own experience was that learning to type, thanks to
           | getting interested in programming, was game changing. All I
           | can say is that I could write lengthy essays and reports in a
           | jiffy. Still can.
        
             | DoofusOfDeath wrote:
             | > Today, it's typing.
             | 
             | Not for math, at least not for my kids. I was helping my
             | son with his high school physics homework a few days ago,
             | and IMO his poor handwriting was a genuine impediment to
             | his mathematical problem-solving.
        
               | analog31 wrote:
               | That's true. My college freshman physics teacher took me
               | aside after the first couple of assignments and said:
               | "You'd make fewer mistakes if you could read your own
               | handwriting."
        
               | throwaway3699 wrote:
               | Layout is more important than handwriting for maths, no?
        
               | leetcrew wrote:
               | poorly written 7's can look like 1's, and 5's like 6's. I
               | lost a lot of points in high school math because I
               | couldn't read what I had just written on the previous
               | line!
        
               | OscarCunningham wrote:
               | Taking notes for my maths degree I learnt to 'cross' my
               | 7s and zs.
        
               | joyeuse6701 wrote:
               | I had a similar issue, made worse by the fact that I was
               | left handed and writing from left to right. So aside from
               | smudges, I'd visually cover what I had just written.
               | Plenty of opportunities to lose train of thought or
               | misread something
        
             | 8note wrote:
             | I hated writing and editing way back when. What I should
             | have done looking back is use scissors and tape to patch
             | different paragraphs together, rather than writing down the
             | side of the page in the margins to fit in the edited text
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | odiroot wrote:
         | > Also, most teachers are women. I haven't checked, but I'd
         | assume most school administrators are women.
         | 
         | That was definitely the case for me until university.
        
           | protomyth wrote:
           | Education and childcare administrators are 66.5% women in the
           | USA according to https://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsaat11.htm
        
         | mfenix wrote:
         | As the father of 6 years old twins (one boy, one girl) I agree
         | with this 100%. My son needs more discipline than my daughter,
         | he's more likely to get into trouble at school, he likes
         | physical activities, etc. almost the opposite of his sister.
        
           | jacobolus wrote:
           | > _son needs more discipline_
           | 
           | This does not seem like the right conclusion. More like
           | "needs running around time and free play".
           | 
           | Cf. e.g. https://www.alfiekohn.org/article/discipline-
           | problem-solutio... https://www.alfiekohn.org/article/beyond-
           | discipline-article/
        
             | garmaine wrote:
             | You made a lot of assumptions in that assessment.
        
               | jacobolus wrote:
               | Anecdotally, I have 4.5 year old boy and see a lot of
               | similar-aged boys and girls at the playground, etc.
               | (unfortunately not as much in our/their homes, during
               | this global pandemic), and from what I see most small
               | kids are just incredibly active a lot of the time.
               | 
               | They crave (and physically need) hours every day spent
               | running and climbing and swinging and rolling around,
               | chasing each-other, etc.
               | 
               | Furthermore, many of them are quite self-directed and
               | stubborn. They get some idea in their head about
               | something to try, and then want to carry the plan through
               | and can get extremely frustrated if thwarted (whether by
               | the plan's intrinsic problems, or by interference from
               | other people). Sometimes the plans are problematic (e.g.
               | <<I wonder if I can get adult attention if I take every
               | toy my younger sibling wants to play with, until they
               | start sobbing>>), but often the goals/plans are perfectly
               | innocuous, but adults step in and block action for poor
               | reasons or no reason at all, or because the adult wants
               | the kid to be focusing on something different. After
               | being thwarted at a few different projects in a row, kids
               | can become very agitated and defiant, or even melt down
               | completely.
               | 
               | Once the kid has accomplished their immediate goal or
               | given up on it, they sometimes instantly switch to some
               | completely different idea, and don't want to switch back.
               | 
               | It is incredibly difficult to convince a big group of
               | young kids (and especially boys it seems, though many
               | girls are also very active) to sit still and focus on
               | some specific close work without conflicts, especially
               | when they have pent up energy. Trying to force them ends
               | up creating a confrontation, and plenty of kids are
               | looking around for ways to push boundaries and get
               | attention. This is entirely normal age-appropriate
               | behavior, and should not be pathologized. Letting the
               | kids choose their own activities and decide when to
               | switch from one to another goes a long way toward
               | avoiding unnecessary bad feelings.
        
               | garmaine wrote:
               | Sure, I believe you. I'm just saying the parent you
               | replied to said his son needs a lot more discipline, but
               | gave no co text for that statement. Maybe he's saying
               | that his son doesn't want to do chores? We don't know.
        
             | ed25519FUUU wrote:
             | Discipline is probably the wrong word. More _training_ in
             | order to succeed in an unnatural environment (modern
             | school) is maybe a better way to put it.
        
               | stretchwithme wrote:
               | Or changing the unnatural environment.
        
               | Teknoman117 wrote:
               | Sometimes the unnatural environment is significantly more
               | difficult to alter (as an individual).
        
             | hc-taway wrote:
             | Two of my kids (one a boy and one a girl) act absolutely
             | nuts and "must" have something like ADHD... until you make
             | sure they run around outside at least 4hrs a day,
             | consistently. Then they're fine.
             | 
             | Unfortunately this is effectively impossible to achieve for
             | 2-3 months every year, with school in session and short
             | Winter days. They're in lower elementary school but I think
             | their total recess time per day is only about 30-40
             | minutes, and much of the time they don't even get that
             | because it's raining or too cold (pft, whatever, wear
             | coats) or something else, and they have them watch a movie
             | more often than not in those cases (nb. this is a "good"
             | school district)
             | 
             | We have one other kid--a girl--who doesn't seem to need
             | this to not "act wild".
             | 
             | The other trigger for "crazy" behavior seems to be when
             | they're presented with unpleasant social situations and
             | don't know how to deal with them. Like, say, being forced
             | to be around kids who are mean to them. Gee, I wonder where
             | that happens a whole bunch.
        
               | 908B64B197 wrote:
               | Sounds they would need partial work from home during the
               | winter.
        
               | 8note wrote:
               | In a coldish part of Canada, I think I had 2.5hours of
               | outside or PE time through elementary school
               | 
               | The same amount of PE, along with became optional through
               | junior high school and high school.
               | 
               | In elementary school, recess/lunch were required to be
               | spent outside (unless it's -30C or so)
               | 
               | You could spend up to 15min at a time inside to warm up,
               | dry off your mittens, and maybe grab a hot chocolate but
               | after that you were kicked back outside
        
               | zionic wrote:
               | Is it time to trial desk treadmills for grade schoolers?
               | :D
        
               | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
               | As someone that didn't get their diagnosis until I was in
               | my 30s, I'd encourage you to talk to a doctor about
               | what's going on. It definitely sounds like ADHD,
               | particularly the social stress triggering acting out or
               | avoidance.
               | 
               | On the whole I've been fortunate in life, but it's not an
               | exaggeration to say my life would be dramatically
               | different if I'd learned what was going on as a kid.
               | Instead it was interpreted as a character flaw: that I
               | just wasn't applying myself. Even though I know that's
               | wrong now intellectually, emotionally I still had that
               | message beat into me for years as a kid, and that doesn't
               | just go away sadly. I'd be particularly vigilant about
               | teachers creating that dynamic, as sometimes they do it
               | with good intentions but fail to understand doubling down
               | on a "tough love" approach will utterly backfire here.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | endisneigh wrote:
         | I've seen this take a few times and I don't really buy it. How
         | exactly is school setup in a way that's more suitable for women
         | compared to men?
         | 
         | Everything you've stated (following rules and instructions,
         | etc.) also applies in the workplace, so if you were correct you
         | would the same sort of discrepancy in the workforce.
        
           | dec0dedab0de wrote:
           | _Everything you 've stated (following rules and instructions,
           | etc.) also applies in the workplace, so if you were correct
           | you would the same sort of discrepancy in the workforce._
           | 
           | In my working life every time I brazenly break the rules and
           | ignore instructions I end up getting a raise, or promotion.
           | This is across 5 or 6 jobs stretched out over 23 years in
           | small businesses, and fortune 100 companies. This is because
           | I always back it up with results
           | 
           | In school, any deviation, regardless of intention or outcome,
           | was perceived by my teachers as being disrepectful to their
           | authority, and was quickly punished. To be fair, I went to
           | catholic school in the 80s/early 90s, so following rules was
           | probably a bigger emphasis than most people's experiences.
        
             | xiphias2 wrote:
             | Women started breaking the rules as well now, as that's
             | what's coming from the media. The problem is of course when
             | somebody does it without providing results / breaking rules
             | that they shouldn't (some of the firings from Google
             | happened because of this). I expect this to normalize
             | though.
        
             | endisneigh wrote:
             | Your anecdote is interesting, but without knowing how often
             | women also break the same rules and ignore the same
             | instructions and get results it's pretty meaningless.
             | 
             | I mean, good for you I guess?
        
           | aviraldg wrote:
           | The rules and grading are different.
           | 
           | In school, the rules that students are rewarded for following
           | are "softer" and harder to justify directly. eg. You _must_
           | submit a project with a cover with beautifully handwritten
           | title of this specific size, or you lose marks (This is real
           | guidance that was provided for my school and college
           | projects.)
           | 
           | At work, while these kind of rules exist, it's typically okay
           | to break them, and performance is mostly rated on actual
           | impact, not pointless rule-following.
        
             | endisneigh wrote:
             | None of this explains why women are capable of following
             | these rules and men are not. Are you saying men are
             | biologically predisposed to not follow such simple rules?
        
               | mudita wrote:
               | It is pretty well established in psychology that women
               | score higher in agreeableness (in the sense of the Big 5
               | trait). This difference is pretty small, the
               | distributions overlap a lot, but I think, the fact, that
               | women are more agreeable in general is pretty
               | indisputable.
               | 
               | As far as I know, whether the difference has biological
               | or cultural reasons is not equally well established. But
               | it seems somewhat stable across cultures, which seems to
               | me to suggest that it's indeed biological, see e.g. Costa
               | et al (2001), Gender Differences in Personality Traits
               | Across Cultures: Robust and Surprising Findings: https://
               | www.researchgate.net/publication/11825676_Gender_Dif...
               | 
               | "In brief, gender differences are modest in magnitude,
               | consistent with gender stereotypes, and replicable across
               | cultures. Substantively, most of the gender differences
               | we found can be grouped in four categories: Women tend to
               | be higher in negative affect, submissiveness, and
               | nurturance, and more concerned with feelings than with
               | ideas."
        
               | tomp wrote:
               | Newer research: _Gender Differences in Personality and
               | Interests: When, Where, and Why?_ (2010)
               | 
               | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1751-90
               | 04....
               | 
               |  _> How big are gender differences in personality and
               | interests, and how stable are these differences across
               | cultures and over time? To answer these questions, I
               | summarize data from two meta-analyses and three cross-
               | cultural studies on gender differences in personality and
               | interests. Results show that gender differences in Big
               | Five personality traits are 'small' to 'moderate,' with
               | the largest differences occurring for agreeableness and
               | neuroticism (respective ds = 0.40 and 0.34; women higher
               | than men). In contrast, gender differences on the people-
               | things dimension of interests are 'very large' (d =
               | 1.18), with women more people-oriented and less thing-
               | oriented than men. Gender differences in personality tend
               | to be larger in gender-egalitarian societies than in
               | gender-inegalitarian societies, a finding that
               | contradicts social role theory but is consistent with
               | evolutionary, attributional, and social comparison
               | theories. In contrast, gender differences in interests
               | appear to be consistent across cultures and over time, a
               | finding that suggests possible biologic influences._
               | 
               | In particular, the differences aren't "stable accross
               | cultures" but more pronounced in more gender-equal
               | societies, so the difference are either (likely)
               | biological, or else caused by society but in a _counter-
               | intuitive_ way.
        
               | finder83 wrote:
               | When the rules are to "sit still" and "be quiet", yes,
               | probably so. Boys are diagnosed with ADHD at a rate of
               | 12.9% vs 5.6% for girls [1]. I've heard many counselors
               | and psychologists (in my counseling program) suggest that
               | many cases are misdiagnosed.
               | 
               | Sit in any classroom or ask any teacher who their problem
               | children are, and they're almost always boys. They're
               | louder, more violent, more likely to disobey, and have a
               | harder time sitting still.
               | 
               | Are all boys a problem? No, of course not. I imagine a
               | lot has to do with home balance, the involvement of two
               | parents, etc. Are all girls good? No, of course not. But
               | statistically there is a difference. This is true until
               | they settle down in their mid to late twenties...just
               | look at insurance rates.
               | 
               | Maybe it's not biological and is cultural, but it's true
               | from a very young age through young adult that boys are
               | less able to sit still, be quiet, and listen. And school
               | is structured in a way that punishes those traits, and we
               | as a culture medicate boys to make them calm down.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/data.html
        
               | chlodwig wrote:
               | _Are all boys a problem?_
               | 
               | And it should be noted -- it's not the boys that are the
               | problem it is the schools.
               | 
               | Raise young boys in a way that is completely stifling and
               | unnatural compared to how boys were raised for tens of
               | thousands years based on our evolution, and then diagnose
               | these boys as having a mental problem. No, it is society
               | that has the mental problem.
        
               | finder83 wrote:
               | Agreed entirely. The goals of our factory system
               | education are not in the best interest of the individuals
               | participating. We home school largely for that reason...I
               | want my children, both our boy and girls, to have
               | individual creative thought, to explore the world, to
               | rough-house, and to not just be a "good citizen" of
               | society. Good citizens rarely make the world a better
               | place.
               | 
               | I want them to challenge, think, be introduced to the
               | complexity and darkness of history, be able to creatively
               | write and imagine, and to not fall in line with whatever
               | the societal expectations and agendas are for the week.
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | Careful though. Go too far in the opposite direction from
               | "rule following good citizen" and you get conspiracy
               | believers, YouTube Do-Your-Researchers, and Anti-Maskers.
               | There needs to be a middle ground.
        
               | finder83 wrote:
               | Sure, but to me that's on a different spectrum/axis from
               | being independent thinkers. Both extremes on the axis of
               | being a good citizen or being a conspiracy theorist are
               | still following group think. But that is a concern as
               | well, honestly if my kids are anything like me though
               | they'll be skeptical of anything, particularly anything
               | suddenly popular or extreme.
        
               | rowanG077 wrote:
               | I very much doubt those two concepts are related.
        
               | kaitai wrote:
               | Honestly, as an educator and a parent, I find the "sit
               | still and conform" nature of school quite frustrating
               | even though I did fine with it. I'm female, and I do
               | think that part of my doing fine with it is that I
               | quietly went off to break the rules and because I was a
               | "good kid" (white, female, high grades) no one even
               | bothered to check on me to discover my extracurricular
               | sins. But I want better for my kid than quietly and
               | efficiently producing the answers the teacher wants to
               | hear. That approach does not lead to excellence in
               | science, mathematics, or the arts. It doesn't even serve
               | those who do well in the system. What, after all, are the
               | benefits to these girls who do well in school? All that
               | education just to get jobs that pay worse? It's a racket.
        
               | endisneigh wrote:
               | I don't disagree with any of your assertions, but it
               | remains a mystery how women then are excluded from top
               | jobs if they do better in middle school through college
               | and are less likely to be diagnosed with something that
               | would impair their job performance.
        
               | scarmig wrote:
               | Landing a "top job" is a zero sum game: on top of skill
               | and intellect, you've also got to put in more labor and
               | hours than anyone else to get there. For a large
               | constellation of reasons, women are more likely to choose
               | to put extra hours into childcare, and men are more
               | likely to choose to put extra hours into the kind of
               | market labor that lends itself to reaching those top tier
               | jobs.
        
               | kaitai wrote:
               | It's not a mystery to me. If I want to excel at my job, I
               | have to be willing to tell my boss he's full of shit and
               | then elbow someone else out of line to get my idea
               | implemented. This is not what I practiced in school for
               | all that time and it's not what I get rewarded for in the
               | rest of my life.
               | 
               | Men get the "benefit" of bimodal outcomes, in that
               | they're disproportionately represented in the highest-
               | paying jobs and in prison. Women get the steady middle,
               | doing what needs to be done but less big risk/big reward.
               | I'm dissatisfied with it on both sides. A system in which
               | 'overactive' boys (or kids more generally) are not served
               | well is not good, and a system that optimizes for the
               | wrong outcome for 'good' girls is not good. It's clearly
               | not doing that well for America given our susceptibility
               | to mis- and disinformation and our need to import skills
               | rather than effectively developing talent here.
        
               | DC1350 wrote:
               | Young women now earn more than young men on average. Most
               | high paying jobs go to people near the end of their
               | career who are part of a different generation. I think
               | it's too early to know if young women are still
               | discriminated against in the workplace.
        
               | finder83 wrote:
               | I don't think it's simple enough to give a single answer
               | to or to be able to answer entirely (and I'm not an
               | expert at all), but I think there's a lot of
               | factors...sexism, the competition at the top level and
               | the natural aggressiveness of men, rewarding aggression
               | in business, the negative view of babies and women with
               | families in culture (again, sexism).
               | 
               | Honestly though...I think one of the biggest factors is
               | that success in school does not predict success in a job.
               | The traits rewarded in school do not correlate to the
               | traits rewarded in high-competition jobs. Being quiet,
               | listening, doing your work on time, not challenging the
               | status quo, parroting things that teachers want you to,
               | not challenging others...none of those things are traits
               | you think of when you think of CEOs. Not that I think
               | that aggressiveness necessarily SHOULD be what we're
               | rewarding as a culture, but when the only goal is
               | profits...it's hard to think that those things make a top
               | company.
               | 
               | I'll probably get down-voted for mentioning him (and
               | that's fine, I don't care), but Jordan Peterson has some
               | really fascinating talks about personality traits between
               | men and women and why personality traits in men lend
               | toward more aggressiveness which is rewarded in
               | competitive business.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | No, it sounds like female teachers make rules that are
               | easy for female students to follow. Meanwhile some boys
               | simply don't like the rules and thus don't follow them.
        
               | endisneigh wrote:
               | Yes I've seen this comment many, many times. Where's the
               | proof? Women crush men in college (see link below) yet
               | most professors are men. People are just spouting
               | unsupported nonsense. Heck my link understates the
               | difference as it is old.
               | 
               | https://theop.princeton.edu/reports/wp/ANNALS_Conger,Long
               | _Ma...
        
               | BlargMcLarg wrote:
               | There is at least the "women are wonderful" effect
               | covering both why female _as well as male_ teachers may
               | favor girls over boys, including subjective grading
               | methods. That seems enough of a point to counter this
               | being  "unsupported nonsense".
               | 
               | Additionally, pointing out most professors are men does
               | not counter the argument. Merely the transition of going
               | from a highly cooperation- and rule-following-favored
               | environment to an extremely competitive environment
               | should give some indication as to how multifaceted this
               | problem can truly be.
        
               | endisneigh wrote:
               | That just seems like a convenient excuse. Do you have any
               | actual data to support your claim? I notice that no one
               | ever posts any peer-reviewed research, just a bunch of
               | anecdotes.
               | 
               | Also the grandparent claimed that females made rules that
               | benefitted the same gender. In other words in a school
               | setting a same sex relationship between teacher and
               | student is such that the student benefits. However this
               | clearly isn't the case per my college performance
               | citation.
               | 
               | Your claimed "women are wonderful" effect seems to stop
               | conveniently at the career stage of life.
        
               | BlargMcLarg wrote:
               | The "women are wonderful" effect doesn't stop. I would
               | ask you actually search around a little and read my point
               | again, as well as the many other comments, before
               | dragging down the conversation with phrases such as
               | "convenient excuse".
               | 
               | As other comments have pointed out, the reason can easily
               | be explained by a paradigm shift. One which shifts from a
               | cooperation-favored environment, to a competition-favored
               | environment. Though there is an absence of evidence, the
               | absence of evidence doesn't prove the opposite, it merely
               | puts into question the hypothesis.
               | 
               | > Also the grandparent claimed that females made rules
               | that benefitted the same gender. In other words in a
               | school setting a same sex relationship between teacher
               | and student is such that the student benefits. However
               | this clearly isn't the case per my college performance
               | citation.
               | 
               | The GP stated this goes _for women_. Clearly, that doesn
               | 't claim the same goes _for men_. In fact, this is
               | entirely in-line with the  "women are wonderful"
               | phenomenon, though I would personally believe other
               | factors are at play beyond this.
        
               | endisneigh wrote:
               | > The "women are wonderful" effect doesn't stop. I would
               | ask you actually search around a little and read my point
               | again, as well as the many other comments, before
               | dragging down the conversation with phrases such as
               | "convenient excuse".
               | 
               | How do you reconcile this with discrimination towards
               | women?
               | 
               | Also the whole trope that women somehow cannot compete
               | and can only collaborate, as if the two things are at
               | odds, is also exhausting.
        
               | BlargMcLarg wrote:
               | There are multiple possible explanations as to why they
               | won't compete. One of them is incapability through
               | biological inferiority, which I highly doubt is the case.
               | Another is systematic bias. Another is really as simple
               | as _not wanting to_. Again, please read what is actually
               | written, not what you want to answer to.
               | 
               | Frankly, this "discrimination towards women" may as well
               | be turned around with one simple trick. Which of the two
               | sexes is more likely to have their worth as partner be
               | judged based on their ambition and achievements? Last
               | time I checked, women are a lot more judgmental of their
               | partner's ambition, earning capabilities, career, and
               | similar traits than men are, frequently to the point of
               | wanting a guy who is relatively "better" than themselves.
               | You think that has no influence on competitiveness? When
               | your worth as a romantic partner gets tied heavily to all
               | those things, which can be found in a field emphasizing
               | competitiveness, surely you can imagine men respond by
               | being more competitive.
               | 
               | Now imagine your worth isn't as tied to this, you have
               | all these men with a very clear incentive to compete keep
               | trying to one-up another. It isn't a secret people give
               | up easier when the challenge is too difficult compared to
               | the reward, and assuming above, women clearly have less
               | of a reward at the end of this.
               | 
               | Convenient excuses? Probably. Frankly, the entire
               | "oppression" narrative is awfully convenient when put
               | under the right angle. So instead of knee-jerking towards
               | all this, let's stop this "trope" as well and address the
               | problem for the multifaceted issue it truly is.
               | 
               | Edit: as replying to the below is no longer an option and
               | apparently my "competition" claim is "unsubstantiated",
               | it seems I have to point out the obvious. Women still
               | largely go for men outearning them rather than equals,
               | let alone lower.(https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full
               | /10.1111/jomf.12372) Additionally, money helps men more
               | than women when it comes to cushioning traits of lower
               | value (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/
               | pii/S10905...) Though I guess one peer-reviewed study
               | tracking diaries says more than entire countries filled
               | with anecdotal data of women more willing to work part
               | time even when not caring for kids.
        
               | endisneigh wrote:
               | One thing I'm always surprised with is how people are so
               | confident in their own baseless, unsubstantiated claims.
               | 
               | Your entire comment basically is based off your own bias.
               | Research can and already has been done on this issue,
               | showing that you're probably wrong. I implore you to read
               | this paper which already puts to rest your outdated
               | notions that men are somehow more competitive than women.
               | I'd like to emphasize the following with respect to
               | competition and finances:                 > The same line
               | of reasoning might lead to the        expectation that
               | men should compete more about  financial        success
               | than women do, since this would make them more
               | attractive to women. The data, however, do not support
               | this: there was no sex difference in the strength of
               | competitive feeling about attaining  financial success,
               | nor were there consistent differences in the fraction of
               | diary entries concerned with things that might be
               | thought to lead to  financial success, such as success at
               | school; in fact, in Study 1 women had a       larger
               | fraction of diary entries about success at work
               | than men did.
               | 
               | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/13644511_Are_men
               | _mo...
               | 
               | No worries though, I'll just believe your baseless
               | conjecture instead of a peer-reviewed paper.
        
               | kaitai wrote:
               | If you think women aren't competing and being judged,
               | simply with another set of criteria, you've... not talked
               | to a lot of women.
               | 
               | Which of the two sexes is more likely to have their worth
               | as partner be judged based on their [looks, and maybe
               | second emotional support]? Last time I checked, [men] are
               | a lot more judgmental of their partner's [looks] than
               | [women] are, frequently to the point of wanting a [gal]
               | who is relatively "better" than themselves. You think
               | that has no influence on competitiveness? When your worth
               | as a romantic partner gets tied heavily to [this one
               | primary thing, and then the emotional support bit], which
               | can be found in a field emphasizing competitiveness,
               | surely you can imagine [women] respond by ... well, what
               | am I supposed to fill in here? But if you think carefully
               | about this, being agreeable (what's optimized for in this
               | school stuff) is other than appearance probably the
               | single most important currency a woman has.
        
               | aviraldg wrote:
               | I was answering your question about why this difference
               | exists. I don't know about the reason, but if I had to
               | guess I'd say it's not biology, but culture/upbringing. I
               | think girls are culturally expected to follow rules, and
               | boys encouraged to break them.
        
               | AussieWog93 wrote:
               | I'd suspect it's biological, since boys in (almost?) all
               | human societies are more prone to challenging authority.
               | It's the same story in elephants, chimps and wolves too.
               | I wouldn't be surprised if it's the case in all species
               | of social mammals.
        
             | hitpointdrew wrote:
             | >At work, while these kind of rules exist, it's typically
             | okay to break them, and performance is mostly rated on
             | actual impact, not pointless rule-following.
             | 
             | Exactly this. Doing something simply because "it's a rule"
             | and doing something where you see actual impact/results is
             | world of a difference.
        
           | ameister14 wrote:
           | >Everything you've stated (following rules and instructions,
           | etc.) also applies in the workplace, so if you were correct
           | you would the same sort of discrepancy in the workforce.
           | 
           | That might be true if you ignored development, but we're
           | talking about children here. A 12 year old boy is not the
           | same as a 23 year old man.
        
             | endisneigh wrote:
             | this would be true, but these patterns still exist in
             | college.
             | 
             | https://theop.princeton.edu/reports/wp/ANNALS_Conger,Long_M
             | a...
        
           | 1_player wrote:
           | Perhaps, presuming OP's assumption that women have an easier
           | time to follow the rules and there are more women in
           | education than men is correct, that school has a lot of rules
           | and not enough freedom.
           | 
           | I have no real opinion on it, just that my memory of school
           | was a really strict place compared to real life and work.
           | There are plenty of plan B options, alternatives, ways to
           | think outside the box in real life, but not in school. You
           | could only use your brain on the task but not to get out of
           | the task or complete it in a different way than your teacher
           | had intended you to.
           | 
           | As if I had left a traumatic situation, I vividly remember
           | enjoying a lot finally having time for myself after work the
           | first few years after I dropped out of high school. I had to
           | put real effort 8 hours a day, then nothing else was expected
           | of me.
        
             | hc-taway wrote:
             | > As if I had left a traumatic situation, I vividly
             | remember enjoying a lot finally having time for myself
             | after work the first few years after I dropped out of high
             | school. I had to put real effort 8 hours a day, then
             | nothing else was expected of me.
             | 
             | Same. I slacked a lot in high school (in hindsight, I'd
             | have gone actually-nuts otherwise) but it was still by far
             | the hardest consistent work I've ever done, largely due to
             | the sheer amount of time it took and the constant,
             | overlapping, usually-very-short ("due tomorrow") deadlines.
             | College was a vacation. Work is easy.
             | 
             | High school did little to prepare me for "how the real
             | world works" (always the excuse for deadlines and
             | requirements and such in school) but did harm me
             | psychologically in ways that took more than a decade to get
             | over--and I wasn't even bullied or anything like that, it
             | was mostly just the strict schedule, extreme lack of
             | freedom (asking to go to the bathroom, stuff like that),
             | and crazy workload.
        
           | visarga wrote:
           | The difference in teaching style is putting accent on
           | cooperation vs competition.
        
           | xhkkffbf wrote:
           | * Lots of sitting still. My local school canceled recess
           | several years ago to make sure the kids had more studying
           | time.
           | 
           | * Fine motor skills like good handwriting are rewarded, often
           | explicitly as part of the grade.
           | 
           | * Verbal skills are often explicitly rewarded, even if they
           | don't have much to do with a subject. My local school asks
           | students to write and make a presentation about their math
           | answer. It doesn't matter if they get the right answer as
           | long as the presentation is professional and impressive.
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | > Also, most teachers are women.
         | 
         | Probably true for half a century now. And yet.
        
         | akudha wrote:
         | Another thing I've noticed is that girls are generally much
         | better at taking exams than boys. I don't have any numbers,
         | just from observation - from my own school days, from observing
         | my niece/nephew. It is super painful to get my nephew to do the
         | homework vs my niece, for example.
        
         | 0xy wrote:
         | Don't forget that teachers give artificially low marks to boys
         | for identical work. [1]
         | 
         | [1] https://www.bbc.com/news/education-31751672
        
           | pmarreck wrote:
           | Why is this getting downvoted?
        
             | justaman wrote:
             | This forum has become increasingly afraid of anything that
             | contradicts their own world views.
        
         | pmarreck wrote:
         | > It seems natural
         | 
         | You keep using that word. I don't think it means what you think
         | it means, because it's the naturalistic fallacy or the appeal
         | to intuition
         | 
         | > girls are much more likely to obey rules and instructions
         | 
         | So is that difference a problem, then? Or not? Or neither? You
         | can't force people to take a risk they aren't comfortable with,
         | and if boys (for whatever reason) are a little less risk-
         | averse, what is there to do? Punish boys for taking risks as we
         | praise girls for doing the same?
        
         | tompazourek wrote:
         | Girls the same age are more mature than boys. They develop
         | differently. Maybe that's a factor?
        
           | kzrdude wrote:
           | What do we mean by mature though? It's a kind of bias to
           | prefer one over the other, when it's simply different.
        
             | loa_in_ wrote:
             | If by mature we mean respecting tasks and duties, why don't
             | we count duties to your own psyche and body into it?
             | 
             | Being an adult is sometimes finding some occupancy that
             | with minimum amount of time will give us the psychological
             | comfort to do the maximum amount of paid work through the
             | rest of the week (or day). Why don't we teach kids that
             | being mature is caring for our needs too, instead of
             | pushing them into the square hole of just duties that are
             | demanded of them by everyone else.
        
           | tomp wrote:
           | I've always heard this as a kid/young adult but as I've grown
           | older, I've noticed that most people don't _ever_ mature
           | (well, at least not until 35-ish) so I 've started doubting
           | all claims and folk-wisdom about maturity pretty much
           | wholesale...
        
           | mpweiher wrote:
           | Maybe, maybe not.
           | 
           | However: if it were the other way around, would that ever be
           | an acceptable answer nowadays?
        
             | einpoklum wrote:
             | > would that ever be an acceptable answer nowadays?
             | 
             | Changes in public sensibility regarding sex and gender are
             | not a good basis to reject GP' claim.
             | 
             | Of course, "girls develop earlier then boys" itself may
             | have other, underlying, causes.
        
               | ganzuul wrote:
               | Like environmental hormone response?
        
           | pmarreck wrote:
           | I see a lot of people in this thread speaking in generalities
           | or correlations around gender.
           | 
           | Is this OK, or not? I thought it wasn't OK, so I tend to
           | avoid it, even if I think some of it may be true, but isn't
           | stereotyping anyone based on attributes something we are
           | trying NOT to do?
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | aviraldg wrote:
         | I don't agree with the rest of your comment (my school had a
         | pretty even mix of male and female teachers), but anecdotally
         | the primary difference between boys and girls was exactly what
         | you mentioned: the former were more likely to skip classes,
         | study things that were not in the syllabus (which helps
         | sometimes), not maintain notes as well, etc. whereas the latter
         | would typically follow the syllabus, teachers' instructions
         | etc. more closely and maintain very thorough notes.
        
           | esja wrote:
           | Male primary school teachers are a tiny minority, and that's
           | true globally.
        
           | iagovar wrote:
           | > the former were more likely to skip classes, study things
           | that were not in the syllabus (which helps sometimes), not
           | maintain notes as well, etc. whereas the latter would
           | typically follow the syllabus, teachers' instructions etc.
           | more closely and maintain very thorough notes.
           | 
           | Mmm, that's interesting, I have the same observation. I'm not
           | in the US, if that holds any value.
        
             | adrian_b wrote:
             | I also completely agree with throwaway53086 & with aviraldg
             | about why the girls always perform better academically,
             | especially in the primary school, because what they said
             | matches perfectly my experience.
             | 
             | I grew in Europe and, until I was about 10 years old, I
             | firmly believed that the girls must be much smarter than
             | the boys, precisely because they always received much
             | better grades at school.
             | 
             | Alas, eventually I was disappointed and I lost this belief,
             | when I understood that the good grades received by the
             | girls were determined only partially by their knowledge of
             | the subjects on which they were graded and that a large
             | part of the grades was caused exactly as throwaway53086
             | said, because the girls were "much more likely to obey
             | rules and instructions".
             | 
             | Looking back to the previous years, it became obvious for
             | me that every time when a girl and a boy proved to have
             | identical knowledge about mathematics or biology or
             | whatever else was tested, the disciplined girl received a
             | high grade, while the naughty boy received a low grade.
             | 
             | The girls always did whatever the teacher asked, while the
             | boys failed to do homework, did not pay attention to what
             | the teacher taught and so on.
             | 
             | At that time I was reading a huge amount of books, so even
             | when I was nine-year old there were some fields, e.g.
             | biology, about which I knew far more than my teacher.
             | 
             | Obviously, pointing to errors in what the teacher taught
             | was also a recipe for low grades, in comparison to those
             | who did not question her wisdom.
             | 
             | In primary school, everybody that I knew had the same
             | experience, with the grades that were influenced by the
             | discipline and obedience demonstrated, which favored a lot
             | the girls.
             | 
             | In high school and university, I have no longer seen such
             | cases, the grades received by everybody were mostly
             | correct, but the girls continued to be on average much more
             | disciplined and obedient, which resulted in good grades
             | across the curriculum.
             | 
             | On the other hand, many boys liked only some subjects at
             | which they obtained good grades, while neglecting the
             | others, at which they obtained low grades, resulting in a
             | low average.
             | 
             | In high school and university there was also the same
             | problem that I had first encountered in the primary school,
             | that with the exception of the best teachers, the teachers
             | who were not so good themselves gave good grades only to
             | the mediocre students, while both the bad students and the
             | very good students (who knew more than the teacher about
             | what was taught) received low grades.
             | 
             | The girls were usually not affected by this, because even
             | when they knew that the teacher was wrong, they would not
             | confront him or her about the errors.
        
               | kaitai wrote:
               | This has a lot to it, and I believe this is one of the
               | thing that holds women back later on in their careers --
               | if you are rewarded as a girl for going along/allowing
               | people to save face, you have practiced skills that don't
               | serve you as well in business and academia. I have had to
               | practice telling people they're wrong in an effective
               | way. Other factors are at play, of course, but this is an
               | important component.
               | 
               | Lots of socialization going on.
        
           | protomyth wrote:
           | In the US, https://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsaat11.htm shows that
           | female teachers are 98.8% of preschool and kindergarten
           | teachers and 79.6% of elementary and middle school teachers.
           | 
           | If your school had _a pretty even mix of male and female
           | teachers_ then your school was the exception.
        
           | dijit wrote:
           | My own anecdatum indicates that the parent is right though.
           | 
           | 20 female teachers. 1 male.
           | 
           | No males on the senior staff.
        
             | groby_b wrote:
             | Or... we could look at data? No?
             | 
             | LAUSD: ~4.5:1 in elementary school, ~1:1 in secondary, ~4:1
             | in special ed[1]
             | 
             | Across all CA public schools: ~2.5:1 [2]
             | 
             | Across the US: 3:1 [3]
             | 
             | So, more women? Yes. 20:1? Wild outlier.
             | 
             | So, what about the claim that it's more women, somehow
             | building a system more friendly to girls? Turns out the
             | data says "not so much" there, too. Principals are roughly
             | 1:1[4]
             | 
             | [1] https://achieve.lausd.net/cms/lib/CA01000043/Centricity
             | /doma... [2] https://www.ed-data.org/state/CA [3]
             | https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator_clr.asp [4] http
             | s://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator_cls.asp#:~:text=I...
             | .
        
               | jfim wrote:
               | According to your data, a 20:1 ratio could be explained.
               | The first figure of your link [3] shows that the ratio
               | for elementary level teachers is 89:11.
               | 
               | Plugging these numbers into R shows that it's not exactly
               | a surprising result:                 >
               | prop.test(1,21,p=11/100)               1-sample
               | proportions test with continuity correction
               | data:  1 out of 21, null probability 11/100
               | X-squared = 0.31913, df = 1, p-value = 0.5721
               | alternative hypothesis: true p is not equal to 0.11
        
               | groby_b wrote:
               | Yep - my mistake, I only looked at the LAUSD data for
               | elementary schools, and then at total numbers instead for
               | the following data sets.
               | 
               | This makes the "principals are 1:1" data even more
               | interesting. It also lends a good chunk more weight to
               | the idea that at least elementary schools are an
               | environment with outsizedly more female role models.
               | 
               | I still think the "build a system" argument doesn't hold
               | - see the 1:1 data - but I'm certainly more convinced on
               | "the effects of the system-as-is result in this", even
               | without the conscious build step.
        
         | bb611 wrote:
         | In the US, there's a significant gender gap in administration,
         | especially above the school leader level. Also, larger schools
         | (middle, high) are more likely to be run by men than woman.
        
           | dominotw wrote:
           | > run by
           | 
           | what do you mean by this ?
        
             | bryanrasmussen wrote:
             | in the US most middle, high schools have a top down
             | organizational hierarchy (in my experience, no data on this
             | point but willing to bet on it), therefore the parent
             | poster is asserting that in the US most middle, high school
             | top administrative officials are men (no data on if this is
             | true, not willing to bet on it)
        
             | dec0dedab0de wrote:
             | "run by" is a common phrase used to mean the person or
             | persons who make decisions. Normally the manager, or owner.
             | You could say "That pizza place is run by someone from my
             | neighborhood."
             | 
             | In the context of the school it would mean the
             | administration, the school board, and if its a private
             | school the owners or trustees.
        
         | legulere wrote:
         | At least what I read about Germany the disadvantage of boys is
         | even bigger under male teachers.
        
         | 908B64B197 wrote:
         | With shrinking recess time and PE disappearing from some
         | schools, I also wonder if a lot of this is caused by boys
         | having more energy and needing more movement than girls. Energy
         | has to go somewhere so it ends up manifesting itself in
         | behaviors that are deemed "disruptive" (really, not sitting
         | still and being unable to concentrate on tasks).
         | 
         | Maybe it's something that female administrators and teachers
         | fail to understand.
         | 
         | It would also explain the current epidemic of ADHD and
         | especially ADHD medication prescribed to young boys.
        
           | TeMPOraL wrote:
           | > _It would also explain the current epidemic of ADHD and
           | especially ADHD medication prescribed to young boys._
           | 
           | It's a common trope, but AFAIK ADHD has a big hereditary
           | component and currently is deemed to be extremely
           | underdiagnosed in girls and adults in general, so I think
           | this cliche isn't holding water. I will agree that modern
           | schooling is extremely good at surfacing the symptoms (but
           | then so is adult life in general, if you know what to look
           | for).
        
           | zionic wrote:
           | Future generations will consider us barbarians for dosing our
           | young boys with drugs because we providing them with physical
           | education/exercise was inconvenient to us. They'll also be
           | able to datamine the internet from this time period and use
           | our own words to hang us.
        
             | grenoire wrote:
             | That's a rather utopic view.
        
             | selimthegrim wrote:
             | Roko's Fitness Trail?
        
             | powersnail wrote:
             | I hope that's what will happen. It means that the future
             | will not need to dose people with drugs. We'll have created
             | a world where people's natural physique is mostly enough
             | for living a happy life.
             | 
             | In a darker vision, the future society will be more heavily
             | dependent on drugs, regardless of age.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | It will not, because it doesn't impact the
               | genetic/hereditary factors in any way. Getting your body
               | in shape does not cure actual ADHD. Exercise makes it at
               | best manageable for the low-severity cases.
               | 
               | > _In a darker vision, the future society will be more
               | heavily dependent on drugs, regardless of age._
               | 
               | It's kind of a given, until we transition to post-drug
               | era, where we inject our bodies with nanobots that fix
               | what wasn't already fixed by genetic engineering of the
               | gametes.
               | 
               | Until then, I think it's worth re-evaluating this view
               | while replacing "ADHD" with "diabetes" or "hypertension"
               | or "rheumatism" or "asthma" or... insert any persistent
               | and disruptive condition a person may suffer from
               | regardless of the shape in which they keep their body. We
               | should apply drugs where they help more than they harm,
               | until we have better alternatives.
        
             | TeMPOraL wrote:
             | Depends on the medication. If they're on stims in
             | particular, and the meds actually improve their behavior,
             | then the cause most likely isn't insufficient PE time.
        
               | teilo wrote:
               | Non sequitur
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | But it is, because we're talking about persistent
               | deficiency of certain neurotransmitters in the brain,
               | that's most likely[0] due to different brain makeup. You
               | can't do enough PE to mitigate this _and_ have enough
               | energy left for everything else.
               | 
               | --
               | 
               | [0] - I say "most likely" because I didn't investigate
               | the claims that MRI can pick up on the difference. But
               | from my initial difference, the effect is still
               | hereditary, in at least large part genetic.
        
               | hc-taway wrote:
               | The effect of amphetamines on kids with ADHD is to
               | improve school performance.
               | 
               | The effect of amphetamines on kids without ADHD is to
               | improve school performance.
               | 
               | The effect of amphetamines on kids without ADHD but
               | who've been diagnosed with ADHD because they're not
               | getting enough exercise is... to improve school
               | performance.
        
             | Causality1 wrote:
             | It'll be a long time yet. We haven't even moved past
             | cutting pieces of them off for cosmetic reasons.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | insert_coin wrote:
               | What? religion has been doing that for thousands of
               | years.
        
               | Causality1 wrote:
               | Indeed. My point is that we haven't matured to the point
               | of respecting our children enough to not mutilate them,
               | which is a far more basic accomplishment than respecting
               | their psychological needs. We force teenagers to adhere
               | to the sleep schedules of adults despite numerous studies
               | indicating doing so damages their health and academic
               | performance. There are a lot of steps between where we
               | are now and a society that will condemn us as barbarians
               | for not providing boys extra PE.
        
         | filmgirlcw wrote:
         | > I'd assume most school administrators are women.
         | 
         | At least in the United States, this isn't at all true. A
         | disproportionate number of administrators (especially when
         | adjusted for the normal male/female teacher breakdown) are
         | male.
         | 
         | There have also been many studies that show that teachers call
         | on boys more, praised them more (they acknowledge girls, praise
         | boys), and talk with them more.
         | 
         | So your assumptions are completely at odds with decades of
         | data.
         | 
         | [1]: https://time.com/3705454/teachers-biases-girls-education/
         | -- has good links to various research from across the world.
        
           | dominotw wrote:
           | > A disproportionate number of administrators (especially
           | when adjusted for the normal male/female teacher breakdown)
           | are male.
           | 
           | Surprised to hear this. This is opposite of my experience
           | working for Chicago public schools(CPS).
        
           | jimbokun wrote:
           | Teachers grade boys more harshly than girls:
           | 
           | https://mitili.mit.edu/sites/default/files/project-
           | documents...
        
           | scarmig wrote:
           | Teachers also criticize boys more often, and boys' grades
           | tend to increase when submitted work is anonymized.
           | 
           | Boys and girls experience different gendered teaching
           | practices, but the net result is girls being given higher
           | grades than boys on average.
        
           | alentist wrote:
           | https://www.bbc.com/news/education-31751672
           | 
           |  _Teachers are more lenient in their marking of girls '
           | schoolwork, according to an international study._
           | 
           |  _An OECD report on gender in education, across more than 60
           | countries, found that girls receive higher marks compared
           | with boys of the same ability._
           | 
           |  _When it comes to teachers ' marking, the study says there
           | is a consistent pattern of girls' work being "marked up"._
        
           | RulingWalnut wrote:
           | Do you have a citation for the number of administrators
           | breakdown? I didn't see a reference in the Time article but
           | maybe I missed it.
        
           | mattmcknight wrote:
           | >> I'd assume most school administrators are women.
           | 
           | > At least in the United States, this isn't at all true.
           | 
           | 54% female, 46% male
           | 
           | https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator_cls.asp
        
             | WillPostForFood wrote:
             | It is interesting how it breaks down by
             | elementary/middle/high:
             | 
             |  _Close to 68 percent of elementary school principals are
             | women, while men make up 67.3% of high school principals
             | and 60% of middle school principals._
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | Interesting. Based on that data, this has likely flipped
             | since most commenters here were in school.
        
               | 8note wrote:
               | In elementary school there were maybe 3 male teachers,
               | but the non-teacher staff were all male.
               | 
               | It's only high school where the teachers were about
               | balanced, and idk about the non-teachers
        
               | blaser-waffle wrote:
               | My wife was a teacher and she noted that most over her
               | male colleagues were leaving, especially in on the
               | elementary and middle school level.
               | 
               | Too many assumptions or allegations, plus the perception
               | that guys can't be nurturing.
               | 
               | Most of the men still in education were older and were
               | able to migrate away from day-to-day teaching into admin
               | roles. In 20 years those guys will be gone and there
               | won't be any male teachers to replace them.
        
               | xyzzyz wrote:
               | > Too many assumptions or allegations, plus the
               | perception that guys can't be nurturing.
               | 
               | Sounds like very hostile and sexist environment. I wonder
               | what efforts the school systems take to ensure gender
               | diversity among its employees.
        
               | knorker wrote:
               | In today's climate perfectly gender diverse means 100%
               | women.
               | 
               | There was a bank that bragged some years ago about being
               | the most diverse bank, since they had 65% or whatever
               | women on the board. 50% was explicitly less diverse than
               | 65%.
        
       | pixel_tracing wrote:
       | This title seems click baity we should be asking the question as
       | to why our system allows one gender to outperform the other. Not
       | blanket statements of correlation == causation.
       | 
       | Something is clearly wrong with our system which is resulting in
       | one gender receiving more support. The distribution curve should
       | mostly be equal, yes we are different gender wise. But for large
       | majority of people our brains function mostly the same (it's not
       | like girls are a different species than boys).
        
         | ihsw wrote:
         | There is no system allowing one gender to outperform the other.
        
       | hvJ4kN wrote:
       | Any research on gender past infancy has a problem in that it's
       | hard to untangle what is "innate" and what is a result of
       | differentiated socialization based on gender.
       | 
       | There's a lot of speculation in this forum about whether this is
       | because of different distributions of IQ, effects of
       | testosterone, etc., but how can we possibly determine if these
       | are true differences or the result of parents, teachers, and
       | other people in society treating young children differently based
       | on their gender?
        
         | wassenaar10 wrote:
         | Modern progressivism has apparently solved that issue already.
         | 
         | I'll demonstrate:
         | 
         | Whenever statistics show an imbalance that benefits men, say in
         | earnings, prestigious jobs, or positions of leadership, then
         | the modern worldview dictates that this must be a result of a
         | nefarious bias on the part of society or men as a group, aka
         | "the patriarchy".
         | 
         | On the other hand, whenever the statistics show an imbalance
         | that benefits women, such as sentencing/incarceration rates,
         | suicide rates, or academic performance, it seems that often
         | people are satisfied with an explanation that says the
         | disparity is due to some innate behavioral difference in men.
         | Occasionally, in the case of poor academics or crime rates
         | among men you'll hear justifications along the lines of "men do
         | worse here because of patriarchal social norms that ultimately
         | end up hurting them", which in my opinion is a statement that
         | subtly implies that these men's misfortune is their own fault.
         | 
         | Also in some cases you see outright deflection; bring up how
         | women generally make better grades than men, and how they
         | outnumber men by nontrivial amounts at universities? The
         | response it "well, better education doesn't necessarily
         | translate into better employment for women". Bring up the
         | substantially higher male suicide rate? You'll often hear "well
         | actually women attempt suicide more often, but use less
         | effective methods" - and that's supposed to be the end of the
         | conversation, as though attempting suicide with a bottle of
         | pills (where you could still wake up in the hospital surrounded
         | by family and friends) has the same sort of finality as
         | shooting yourself in the head or jumping in front of a train.
        
           | hvJ4kN wrote:
           | I'm not sure what your point is. I agree that all of your
           | examples are just further cases where being sloppy about
           | innate vs. learned differences results in bad policy.
           | 
           | The statement "men do worse here because of patriarchal
           | social norms that ultimately end up hurting them" doesn't
           | imply men are responsible for their own misfortune; this
           | seems to misunderstand how society affects its members. In
           | the context of violent crime, an example hypothesis would be
           | that boys are taught by their families, movies, etc. that
           | violence is a valuable part of being male, and because of
           | this social norm, more men end up committing violent crimes.
           | It seems crazy to suggest that a man affected by these
           | cultural norms could have chosen to be brought up in a
           | different environment; I don't know that people are
           | suggesting this when they claim that patriarchal social norms
           | are a problem.
        
           | klyrs wrote:
           | [baleeted]
        
             | wassenaar10 wrote:
             | I don't think you read my comment, which makes it clear
             | that "Modern progressivism has apparently solved that issue
             | already." was meant facetiously.
        
               | klyrs wrote:
               | I read your comment. Sarcasm is an anti-pattern in
               | written communication.
        
       | puddingnomeat wrote:
       | I find it curious when people agree that X doesn't matter, but
       | then they go about and compare outcomes based on X
       | 
       | in this case X=sex but it could be race, age, etc.
        
         | learn_more wrote:
         | Actions speak louder than words.
        
       | kashkhan wrote:
       | And yet this the first time a woman has become Veep.
        
       | firefoxd wrote:
       | This is anecdotal but I'm sure many people are seen this
       | increasingly. In the past 10 years on the job, I'm seeing more
       | guys make jokes about how stupid they are. Every time they make a
       | single mistake they say "oh my God, if my head wasn't attached to
       | my shoulders..."
       | 
       | Then it becomes a competition of who has done the dumbest thing.
       | I know it's just being playful, but you rarely see the opposite.
       | 
       | Turn the tables, I was in a meeting with a male and female
       | coworker. The guy was saying how stupid he was, and the female
       | stopped him and said: You shouldn't say that about yourself, in a
       | serious tone.
       | 
       | I don't ever remember a girl telling me how dumb she is.
        
         | learn_more wrote:
         | Only confident people mock themselves.
        
           | SkyBelow wrote:
           | I have to disagree with this. While there are plenty of
           | confident people who will mock themselves in humor, I've also
           | known many people whose self mocking hides a very negative
           | self image that needs serious if not professional help that
           | they often don't get.
        
         | hntrader wrote:
         | It's the new status contest among men in technical circles.
         | 
         | Who can self-deprecate, feign uncertainty and fake modesty in
         | the most sophisticated way. Everyone is competing for the "nice
         | guy" designation - or perhaps they're frightened of the
         | "asshole" designation - and they're using deception as the
         | means.
         | 
         | It's reminiscent of stale scientific writing where every
         | statement is hedged with endless caveats just so they can't get
         | singled out for overstepping slightly.
        
           | nemo44x wrote:
           | Right, it's a mating strategy probably. I'm not sure it works
           | (we tend to select towards strong men in whatever capacity is
           | relevant, in this case actual intelligence) but a desperate
           | man will gladly debase himself tactically if their other
           | wells are dried up.
           | 
           | People would rather be liked than respected I guess but I
           | also think that many today can't tell the difference.
        
         | AnimalMuppet wrote:
         | I wonder...
         | 
         | After doing something stupid at work, I once said, out loud,
         | "AnimalMuppet, if brains were leather, you couldn't saddle a
         | flea." And 30 seconds later I was over it and back to work. I
         | didn't say that because I think I'm stupid. No, I was able to
         | say it because I'm sure that I'm smart. The security of being
         | sure made me able to say that.
         | 
         | I wonder if the females don't feel secure enough to say such
         | things, or if they're just wired differently. (So that saying
         | derogatory things about themselves, which they don't actually
         | believe, is an alien concept. It sounds rather weird when I put
         | it that way...)
        
         | TimPC wrote:
         | I've had a significantly different experience with this. I know
         | a few men who self-deprecate when they make a mistake, but I
         | know more women who do. I haven't seen it turn into a
         | competition on who's done the dumbest thing because I'm seldom
         | in groups where self-deprecation is widely encouraged. I've
         | been the person encouraging people not to self-deprecate in
         | this way, so I don't think it's really a gendered thing. I'm
         | curious if this is trending differently in different age groups
         | I'm almost 40.
        
           | renewiltord wrote:
           | Haha this is likely some sort of selection bias effect
           | because I need constant validation and I have a group of
           | friends who are all like that and a group of friends who are
           | all not like that.
           | 
           | If I were in one group, I reckon I'd form one opinion and if
           | I were in the other I'd form the other opinion.
           | 
           | I'd be wary of making population generalizations when one
           | uses sample populations highly susceptible to selection bias:
           | one's friends and one's coworkers - both of whom are usually
           | selected for agreeableness with the group, either directly
           | for friends or indirectly through culture fit for coworkers.
        
         | standardUser wrote:
         | Women avoid saying such self-deprecating things because they
         | already have a tougher time than men being listened to, taken
         | seriously, promoted, etc. Not that there aren't exceptions, but
         | most women are acutely aware of how they act and are perceived
         | at work because they start off at a disadvantage. I imagine few
         | men ever think "will my gender get in the way of my ideas, or
         | my work relationships or my career trajectory?".
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | Don't know why the pretty obvious explanation for why this
           | sort of thing is common is downvoted.
           | 
           | Even if you're some weirdo who thinks there is no gender
           | discrimination in the workplace, you can't deny that many
           | women at least perceive there to be gender discrimination,
           | and one of the tips passed around is to stop self-deprecating
           | yourself in front of your colleagues.
        
             | ganzuul wrote:
             | I don't know for a fact either, but would guess the reason
             | is a childhood of girls telling each other nasty things
             | would make them weary of harsh language even when directed
             | at the self.
             | 
             | With that part unmentioned, the GP seems to assign dubious
             | priorities to human motivations.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | > With that part unmentioned, the GP seems to assign
               | dubious priorities to human motivations.
               | 
               | Really? The only motivating factor assumed in the GP
               | looks to be that women want to be successful in their
               | careers. Is that a dubious claim?
        
               | ganzuul wrote:
               | No... Priority. Not claim.
               | 
               | I'm saying that I think the downvotes comes from
               | something GP didn't say rather than something they did
               | say.
        
         | Goosee wrote:
         | > I don't ever remember a girl telling me how dumb she is.
         | 
         | Thats because girls blame it on their *astrological sign*
         | 
         | In all seriousness, I truly believe girls mature way earlier
         | than guys. Just look at insurance rates.
        
         | hn8788 wrote:
         | That's even a common trope in sitcoms. The husband is a
         | loveable but bumbling idiot, while his wife is the voice of
         | reason who frequently needs to save him from his own bad
         | decisions. I wonder if the shows are imitating life, or the
         | other way around. My wife did her master's thesis on
         | discrimination based on communication, and in her research she
         | found a study showing that the constant depiction of people
         | with a southern accent as being stupid leads the majority of
         | southern children, as young as 10 years old, to view themselves
         | as inferior to people without the accent. Maybe the same is
         | true with TV shows and movies frequently showing males as
         | stupid.
        
       | nottorp wrote:
       | Well yeah, I have a daughter who finished high school and I've
       | observed:
       | 
       | - when I was in school I only cared about results for the
       | subjects that interested me; otherwise i did just enough to pass
       | - when she was in school she cared about high grades for all
       | subjects
        
         | ganzuul wrote:
         | We can't attribute any meaning to your post unless you tell us
         | your gender.
        
           | njdullea wrote:
           | I think the poster is making a comparison, and is therefor
           | presumably male.
        
             | ganzuul wrote:
             | We are on NH, so we can assume everyone's gender with
             | reasonable accuracy...
             | 
             | But this type of assumption seems to have unforeseen
             | consequences. We should question it.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | Then why do boys/men seem better at inventing things (edit: from
       | past statistics)?
        
         | jpxw wrote:
         | My understanding is that IQ is distributed such that men are
         | slightly lower on average than women, but more spread out.
         | 
         | If this is true, then it would follow that there would be more
         | genius men than women, which would explain what you mention.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | That's a good explanation. Another one, I think, is that men
           | often like to take the role of "problem solver", even when it
           | doesn't make sense (e.g. in relational problems). So IQ might
           | not be the only reason, but also intrinsic motivation.
        
         | wonnage wrote:
         | where did you get that idea
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | Just think of any random invention, then look up on Wikipedia
           | who was the inventor. Repeat a bunch of times, and you get
           | the idea. (And please don't respond with cherry-picked
           | examples.)
        
             | wonnage wrote:
             | Why do you think the explanation is that men are better
             | inventors?
        
         | ipnon wrote:
         | If schools could teach invention then art school graduates
         | would be lining the halls of the Louvre.
        
         | standardUser wrote:
         | I am sure that if men were had been subjugated by women for all
         | of civilization the outcomes might have been a little
         | different. We'll never know, since the only civilization we
         | know is one that has oppressed women for its entirety.
        
           | inglor_cz wrote:
           | Jewish people were subjugated and kept in ghettos for a
           | millennium or so, even subject to pogroms and genocides.
           | 
           | All this suffering did not seem to reduce their academic and
           | technological aptitude.
        
       | nemo44x wrote:
       | Girls on average are more likely to be competent due to the lower
       | variance in their intellectual ability. Boys on average have a
       | greater variance so you have fewer overall that will perform
       | because there's more that are on the lower end and more that are
       | on the higher end.
        
       | andrewzah wrote:
       | Anyone who has ever taught young boys and girls has almost
       | certainly experienced a marked difference in behavior.
       | 
       | Schooling as a whole needs to be overhauled to better accommodate
       | young boys. Until then, we're going to see wider and wider gaps
       | at highschool and university levels.
       | 
       | Regardless of gender, schooling as a whole needs to move away
       | from this factory-like system with underpaid teachers and an
       | emphasis on test scores. It would be nice if there were an easy
       | solution...
        
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       (page generated 2021-03-09 23:02 UTC)