[HN Gopher] Tech Companies Say They Can't Find Good Employees;Co...
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       Tech Companies Say They Can't Find Good Employees;Companies May Be
       the Problem
        
       Author : lladnar
       Score  : 29 points
       Date   : 2021-03-08 19:42 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.wsj.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.wsj.com)
        
       | 908B64B197 wrote:
       | I don't know what they are whining about: I've never had any
       | issue finding talent in this industry. Part of that is making
       | sure the compensation is among the highest for the position, not
       | simply in the "local market" or whatever recruiting jargon
       | defines it these days, but worldwide (because in this century
       | talent is global and so are your competitors).
       | 
       | Then all you have to do is screen a little, to make sure you
       | don't hire one of the 199 out of 200 applicants that can't
       | program. [0]
       | 
       | For new grads, it's possible to significantly reduce the noise by
       | going to a CS program you trust and getting graduates from there
       | to interview.
       | 
       | [0] https://blog.codinghorror.com/why-cant-programmers-program/
        
         | jfim wrote:
         | What talent are you looking for, though?
         | 
         | FAANG companies and many companies are okay with generalists
         | (eg. can code on a whiteboard), but if you're looking for
         | specialist expertise (eg. computer vision, control engineering,
         | operations research) it's a lot trickier and not always only a
         | matter of compensation.
        
           | OldHand2018 wrote:
           | > but if you're looking for specialist expertise (eg.
           | computer vision, control engineering, operations research)
           | it's a lot trickier and not always only a matter of
           | compensation.
           | 
           | It's not tricky at all. Those are chicken/egg jobs - can't
           | get the job without experience; can't get the experience
           | without the job. Hire some people and train them. They won't
           | all work out, but the ones that do will be worth it.
        
             | jfim wrote:
             | That's definitely doable at big corporations, which is why
             | they can afford to hire generalists and assign them
             | somewhere, train them, and reassign them somewhere else in
             | the company if they don't pan out.
             | 
             | For smaller companies, any given hire has an outsized
             | impact, there's a more limited budget for hiring, there
             | might not be the resources available to train a new hire
             | from scratch for hard to train skills, and there might not
             | be enough "bench space" for people that don't pan out.
             | 
             | Many companies don't really need this kind of specialist
             | expertise though. I wouldn't be surprised if hiring is much
             | harder in the robotics industry than in, say, consumer
             | mobile app development.
        
               | spaced-out wrote:
               | This is a a lot of words to say running a tech company is
               | hard. Big-Ns are willing to pay people with specialized
               | skills north of 500K, if you want those skills pay up,
               | otherwise find someone who you can pay less that will
               | grow into the role. Get more money from your investors.
               | If you can't do any of those, then I guess you can't
               | afford to run your business.
               | 
               | In my experience in startups, the executive suite is full
               | of people who imagine themselves a future
               | Gates/Jobs/Musk/etc... Well, being that successful is
               | hard.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | Have you done any experiments to see if you have to weed out
         | more people when you post a low range versus a high?
         | 
         | Or do people think to themselves, "Well, I'm not qualified to
         | do a job that's paying 40% above market. They want someone
         | serious."
        
       | annoyingnoob wrote:
       | Can confirm.
       | 
       | Been through a few 'adversarial' interview processes - if that is
       | what it is like to work with you then no thank you.
       | 
       | I don't want to report to someone in another city that I never
       | even see.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | I have found myself having this inner monologue about the scary
         | implications of the way the question was asked or what question
         | was asked quite a few times.
         | 
         | I wouldn't say I've ever 'thrown' an interview (save maybe
         | once), but I've certainly 'gotten through' a few after I
         | started to wonder if I'd made a huge mistake showing up today.
        
       | shrubble wrote:
       | I was shocked at the accuracy of the Wonderlic test, a timed 12
       | minute test with 50 questions (not always expected to be able to
       | finish them) in terms of how it correlated with other tests that
       | I took in the past.
       | 
       | Not sure that layer after layer of tests would necessarily be
       | better than Wonderlic plus a short interview in person to get a
       | read on personality fit.
        
       | musicale wrote:
       | Absolutely. Whiteboard interviews, as practiced by FAANG etc.,
       | are largely useless.
       | 
       | I've seen interviewers pose problems that took the likes of
       | Dijkstra and Knuth years to solve the first time, yet somehow
       | they expect candidates to solve two of them in 45 minutes. Unless
       | you are actually Dijkstra reborn or Knuth you're unlikely to
       | solve a problem of this type quickly unless you've seen it, or
       | something very close to it, before.
       | 
       | So it's essentially selecting for some combination of how
       | recently you took an algorithms course or qualifying exam, how
       | comprehensive that course of study was, how much experience and
       | success you have had in "programming" (aka algorithm puzzle)
       | competitions, how much grinding you've done on
       | hackerrank/leetcode/etc., and pure luck.
       | 
       | That being said, I suppose much of the content of medical boards
       | or the bar exam has little to do with the actual practice of
       | medicine or law, so I guess computing is not alone in terms of
       | annoying hoops it makes people jump through. I just wish that
       | algorithms qualifying exams were a standard thing that you could
       | pass outside of a job interview and be done with, rather than
       | something you have to suffer through repeatedly.
        
       | tabtab wrote:
       | Experience in the _specific_ technology combinations a particular
       | organization wants is usually the  "bottleneck", not raw
       | education. Companies don't want to wait for nor pay for the
       | learning curve: they want plug-and-play employees with paid
       | hands-on experience matching their tools.
       | 
       | But that's _not realistic_ because the combinations they want are
       | too specific. A person having a thousand college degrees won 't
       | fit the way companies frame their expectations.
       | 
       | Note that I'm mostly talking about non-IT companies hiring IT
       | workers. An IT-centric company like Google or Microsoft may take
       | a different angle.
        
       | manfredo wrote:
       | First a note on how to read the relevant study. The link to the
       | study in the WSJ article is paywalled. This is a non-paywalled
       | link [1] is the results [2]. 22 applicants solved a problem
       | alone, 26 with a proctor present. Without the proctor present
       | about 2/3rds passed, with the proctor present 1/2 passed. Using
       | score >= 2 as "passing", 12 out of 16 men passed in private and 4
       | out of 4 women. 11 our of 20 men passed with the proctor, and 0
       | out of 6 women. The methodology looks robust, but especially with
       | the claims with respect to gender I'd want to see a sample size
       | larger than the single digits before making any generalizations.
       | 
       | With that aside, my broader thoughts on tech interview processes:
       | Companies want an interview process that are,
       | 
       | - Successfully distinguishes between people that have the
       | knowledge and abilities required to perform the job.
       | 
       | - Has systems on accountability, consistency.
       | 
       | - Is relatively easy to train employees to administer the
       | interview.
       | 
       | - Has a relatively low time-commitment for everyone involved,
       | both interviewer and candidate.
       | 
       | In reality, though, there are tradeoffs between each of these
       | points. For instance, using a set question bank improves
       | consistency and accountability. Rubrics can be more explicitly
       | defined, and bias limited. But it means candidates can google for
       | questions beforehand. This was a salient issue when I worked at
       | Dropbox, there were only about a dozen technical. interview
       | questions for a 2,500+ person company. Having developers come up
       | with their own unique question helps mitigate this, but reduces
       | accountability.
       | 
       | Likewise, I've had some novel interview processes that more
       | closely approximate real working conditions. One company's
       | interview was conducted over git-hub. It was asynchronous, with
       | tasks spread out over a week. After building the first solution,
       | the interview came back with further feature requests and
       | comments on the first iteration. This tested the candidate's
       | ability to refactor existing solutions to meet changing tasks,
       | and the ability to integrate feedback. These are things that are
       | rarely captured by whiteboard interviews, but are arguably some
       | of the more important skills in software development. But on the
       | flip side, it was much more time-consuming in aggregate than 4
       | hour-long interviews.
       | 
       | No one interview process has all the advantages. I think a lot of
       | companies settle into a pattern of 1 or 2 remote technical
       | screens followed by a circuit 3-4 hour-long interviews because
       | it's logistically robust. It's a format candidates are familiar
       | with. It's easy to train new employees to conduct these
       | interviews, and there's broad enough set of people participating
       | that one biased signal isn't going to be decisive.
       | 
       | > Companies could also drop problem-solving tests as currently
       | offered and instead ask candidates to spend five minutes
       | explaining how they would perform a particular job-related task,
       | Dr. Parnin says. Focusing on communication skills in this way,
       | Dr. Parnin says, can reveal how a candidate thinks.
       | 
       | But do we want to hire the candidate that can talk about high
       | level ideas for five minutes in a convincing manner, but can't
       | code Fizz Buzz? Or a binary search? I get that some people might
       | stumble due to pressure, but at the end of the day if you need
       | some mechanism to determine if the candidate has the required
       | skills or not. And administering a test is an effective way of
       | doing this.
       | 
       | This isn't the first time articles like these have been written.
       | X group is disadvantaged by problem-solving tests, so don't use
       | said tests. But how then do you determine whether or not the
       | candidate has the required skills? Usually whatever supplants the
       | technical interviews are also subject to unfairness: referrals,
       | recruiting alumni from specific universities or companies. While
       | far from perfect, I still have trouble seeing what could replace
       | problem-based tasks as a means of demonstrating skills.
       | 
       | 1. http://chrisparnin.me/pdf/stress_FSE_20.pdf
       | 
       | 2. https://imgur.com/EIiofkQ
        
         | OldHand2018 wrote:
         | > determine if the candidate has the required skills or not
         | 
         | What are the required skills, and how long will they be the
         | required skills?
         | 
         | I've yet to have a job where I was doing the exact things they
         | hired me for 6-12 months later. Things change constantly, why
         | isn't "dealing with change" a highly-ranked skill for job
         | candidates?
        
         | 908B64B197 wrote:
         | > Likewise, I've had some novel interview processes that more
         | closely approximate real working conditions. One company's
         | interview was conducted over git-hub. It was asynchronous, with
         | tasks spread out over a week. After building the first
         | solution, the interview came back with further feature requests
         | and comments on the first iteration. This tested the
         | candidate's ability to refactor existing solutions to meet
         | changing tasks, and the ability to integrate feedback. These
         | are things that are rarely captured by whiteboard interviews,
         | but are arguably some of the more important skills in software
         | development. But on the flip side, it was much more time-
         | consuming in aggregate than 4 hour-long interviews.
         | 
         | These you can afford to do if you are Google. If you aren't,
         | candidate sort the places they want to work at in descending
         | order. By the time they get to that take-home, they might
         | already be further along the interview stages at better
         | companies.
        
           | manfredo wrote:
           | Google certainly has more monetary resources. But in my
           | experience large companies like Google are the ones that _can
           | 't_ afford to do something like this. The logistical benefits
           | of white-boarding interviews and the accountability gains are
           | much more important to large companies. This interview
           | process was for a smaller company.
           | 
           | But you're absolutely correct that the more time-consuming
           | the interview process is for the candidate, the more likely
           | they'll interview somewhere else. In fact, that's exactly
           | what I did: I received an offer partway through this git-
           | based interview process, and the offer was good enough that I
           | didn't see value in completing it.
        
             | flukus wrote:
             | Google is a large well known and well paying company that
             | can get candidates to make that sort of time investment,
             | smaller companies can't because they're just generic
             | companies that no one particular wants to work for, I'll
             | skip the elaborate test and apply for the next generic
             | company in the list.
             | 
             | Aside from that, I really don't have time for these
             | elaborate interviews if I'm already in a job, companies
             | that do this are limiting their potential candidates to the
             | unemployed.
        
       | leet_thow wrote:
       | Can confirm. I'm a senior engineer with a great track record at
       | early stage startups as well as publicly traded companies. I'm
       | staying put with my current employer because I refuse to put up
       | with hiring process horseshit.
        
       | musicale wrote:
       | Companies are always willing do do anything in their power to
       | attract good employees, short of raising wages.
        
       | mesozoic wrote:
       | I assure you not paying enough is the problem.
        
       | cheriot wrote:
       | The whole article is about this study if anyone wants to skip to
       | the source: https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3368089.3409712
       | 
       | tldr; More students solved the problem when there was no proctor
       | in the room. The effect was especially pronounced with women.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | xmunoz wrote:
       | I think the problem is deeper than whiteboard interviews. Too few
       | companies are willing to invest in junior talent. Netflix
       | famously only hires senior-level engineers, and Facebook has
       | recently offloaded many of their internships to Major League
       | Hacking [1], an exploitative outsourcing platform for unpaid,
       | entry-level labor from developing countries [2]. This is entirely
       | a problem of the tech industry's making.
       | 
       | [1] https://news.mlh.io/introducing-the-mlh-fellowship-
       | externshi...
       | 
       | [2] A close friend who was formerly employed by MLH
        
         | tabtab wrote:
         | Re: "an exploitative outsourcing platform for unpaid, entry-
         | level labor from developing countries..."
         | 
         | It hasn't quite happened yet, but the chance of IT going the
         | way of factory workers in the future seems quite high. It's
         | labor intensive but much of it can be done anywhere in the
         | world. If you are lucky, you can be a liaison between
         | management and constantly shifting overseas techies.
        
           | flukus wrote:
           | > It hasn't quite happened yet
           | 
           | This is certainly not for lack of trying. Outsourcing was
           | much more common 10-20 years ago than it is today but a
           | combination of wage growth in outsourced countries and
           | terrible quality has just about seen the end of the practice.
        
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