[HN Gopher] Food Prices Are Soaring Faster Than Inflation and In...
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       Food Prices Are Soaring Faster Than Inflation and Incomes
        
       Author : prostoalex
       Score  : 475 points
       Date   : 2021-03-08 08:31 UTC (14 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bloomberg.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bloomberg.com)
        
       | kristopolous wrote:
       | Grain prices caused the arab spring. Expensive food has been
       | toppling governments since the beginning of civilization
        
       | elzbardico wrote:
       | Jeebus folks!
       | 
       | This is not about the USA. This is about the vast majority of the
       | mankind that lives on developing countries, vast armies of people
       | already under the threat of food insecurity in the best of times,
       | now unemployed and facing the threat of food inflation.
       | 
       | This is the stuff that create coup d'etats, dictatorships,
       | rampant crime and wars.
       | 
       | Meanwhile you're working on automating work to make this people
       | even more unemployable, and have the nerve to complain about a
       | small food price increase in the frigging US of A.
        
         | phendrenad2 wrote:
         | Who's making it about the USA? The article is clearly about the
         | world. Food scarcity hits people in developed countries too,
         | especially the US where there's no safety net against
         | homelessness if you're unfit to work. That "small price
         | increase in the friggin US of A" is a big deal to people below
         | the poverty line. There's always someone poorer in the world,
         | it's just weird to draw a line in the sand and say "you must be
         | this malnourished to speak up". As for automating work, how far
         | back should we go? Should people be forced to abandon their
         | cars because having horse-drawn chariots employed more people?
        
           | elzbardico wrote:
           | I was talking about the comments.
        
       | johbjo wrote:
       | Overall production/consumption has probably decreased. This means
       | that food has has higher relative share of consumption.
       | 
       | Therefore food prices shift right?
        
         | gremlinsinc wrote:
         | Production has decreased, or at least ability to ship it has.
         | 
         | Consumption is probably the same for most families, albeit they
         | may buy 10% more to make sure certain staples are good in case
         | of a shortage.. more so during the ebb/flow of covid-19 waves
         | and lockdowns.
         | 
         | So a family might end up wasting more food just to be sure they
         | have enough for planned meals or alternatives.
         | 
         | A lot of people are having mental health issues from lockdown,
         | that can affect eating behaviors as well - depression can cause
         | gain or loss of appetite so that's up in the air - could also
         | make you plan to eat in but then decide to get take out because
         | you're too depressed to cook. (Source: I've done this as my
         | anxiety/depression has been really bad this year and my wife
         | who's never been depressed is barely functional this year).
         | 
         | I think the biggest thing is just everything's shifting. We're
         | not just dealing with covid-19 but also fires and other natural
         | disasters. Unfortunately, I think climate change could keep
         | this the norm even if covid-19 is completely normalized (i.e.
         | we return to some semblance of normal).
         | 
         | Covid-19 variants could also keep things an issue. I'm going to
         | get flagged for fear-mongering but I don't see how the next
         | decade gets any better than it is right now, except for
         | fleeting relief cycles as we come out of the pandemic ... but
         | there's a lot of shifting global strife.
         | 
         | You can almost feel the change from day to day everything's
         | changing faster and faster and it's getting harder to predict
         | the future. Kind of like the singularity when technology speeds
         | up.
        
           | swiley wrote:
           | I remember seeing an article about how some container ship
           | crews haven't been able to leave their ships and see other
           | people for crazy periods of time because of lockdowns. That
           | can't be good for retention and shipping.
        
       | mrkramer wrote:
       | If domestic production is enough to satisfy domestic demand no
       | worries but that's not always the case.
        
       | adamc wrote:
       | Bloomberg is an expensive paywall. Unhelpful.
        
       | netdur wrote:
       | fuck you... I came here to escape from disturbing news, focus on
       | tech and building things, now you ruined my day... fuck you
        
         | atomashpolskiy wrote:
         | Gotta contact the suicide hotline, man
        
         | newsbinator wrote:
         | It sounds like you're feeling on edge after a very tough year.
         | 
         | HN isn't only for tech and building things.
         | 
         | > On-Topic: Anything that good hackers would find interesting.
         | That includes more than hacking and startups. If you had to
         | reduce it to a sentence, the answer might be: anything that
         | gratifies one's intellectual curiosity.
         | 
         | I'm guessing under normal circumstances you wouldn't curse at
         | somebody who shared a worrisome story you didn't want to see.
         | 
         | This pandemic has us all a little feral, doesn't it?
        
       | xbmcuser wrote:
       | As someone that is the food mostly spice trade prices have
       | started going up in the last 2-3 weeks though prices have not
       | even reached pre pandemic levels. Black Pepper prices have jumped
       | 20+% in the last 20day that price is still 50% cheaper than what
       | it was 4-5 years ago. The largest problem is not availablity of
       | goods rather shipping. I would advise investing in shipping
       | companies if you are active in the stock market. As now days they
       | are charging 3-4 times the freight and still hard to get space so
       | they probably rare raking it in
        
         | H8crilA wrote:
         | Surely you're familiar with the Baltic Dry Index, an index of
         | shipping costs:
         | 
         | https://tradingeconomics.com/commodity/baltic
         | 
         | Also, in case anyone thinks the current environment is crazy
         | then check out the commodities bubble period of 2008 for that
         | index.
        
           | propertymagnate wrote:
           | Woah. For anyone interested, go to stats and click 25yrs -
           | it's pretty clear what the above comment is referring to.
        
           | adventured wrote:
           | Which was all caused by an extremely large drop in the
           | dollar. Anytime there is such a drop, you get global food
           | chaos from a big spike in the price of commodities that
           | destabilizes markets until they're able to adjust. And then
           | you get civil wars out of that inevitably, it helped to cause
           | the Arab Spring as one example.
           | 
           | The US Dollar Index was at 120 in early 2002, and then
           | proceeded to fall persistently until the middle of 2008 when
           | it rested at around 71. An epic collapse by the dollar that
           | triggered all sorts of nasty global effects. Fortunately this
           | time around the dollar drop hasn't been so bad, most major
           | currencies are debasing at the same time. The dollar is
           | merely back to where it was in 2015 and 2018, so far.
        
             | ragnot wrote:
             | I'm just beginning to learn about investing...Is there any
             | book and/or website to learn about how the dollar can
             | affect commodities that you would recommend?
        
               | tastyfreeze wrote:
               | I don't think you need a book. When commodities are
               | priced primarily in USD then a decrease in the value of
               | USD leads to an increase in the number of dollars
               | required to make the same purchase.
               | 
               | Increase in any price can be seen as an increase in item
               | value or a decrease in USD value. It takes a more in
               | depth analysis of the market to determine which is the
               | cause of price increase.
        
             | lupire wrote:
             | Its amazing that a 50% drop in the dollar was barely
             | detectable in US, due to price stickiness, subsidies, and
             | whatever else.
        
           | pottertheotter wrote:
           | Be careful with your reliance on BDI. As the name implies, it
           | does not reflect prices for the entire shipping industry
           | (e.g. container ships). I used to have investments in the
           | area as an institutional investor, and it was common to see
           | people not understand this.
        
         | european321 wrote:
         | Most shipping companies in the stock market have rocketed in
         | the past 2-3 months, so that opportunity has passed I think.
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | Common stock advice: if you hear about an investment
           | opportunity, you've probably already missed out.
           | 
           | Ex: Bitcoin stocks (yes they're stocks / investment products)
           | are only really reported on when they're at an all-time high.
           | They may go up a little more if you're reading something
           | fresh off the press, but it's not going to go up as much as
           | it already has. I mean if you bought a year ago you could
           | have had a 10x return on investment, if you invest now it'll
           | be 10-20% return on investment at best.
        
             | bitexploder wrote:
             | Bitcoin has different fundamentals IMO. For buy and hold I
             | still think 10x from here (over the long term) is possible.
             | This year we might see up to 100k. It's extremely fickle.
             | We could easily see 5k again. No one really knows, though.
             | The best fundamental analysis that gives a bright future is
             | of Bitcoin replacing some significant market cap for gold.
             | Probably not though.
        
             | thebean11 wrote:
             | Historically when they reach all time high again after a
             | crash they still go up quite a bit (like 400% last
             | upswing). Obviously not a huge sample size there though
        
             | wtf_is_up wrote:
             | Where can I find this Bitcoin corporation that issues
             | stock?
        
               | base698 wrote:
               | $MSTR is one.
        
             | plank_time wrote:
             | Also once Wall Street turns it into a structured product or
             | an ETF, then stay far away.
        
               | asdff wrote:
               | SPY has gone up 191% in 5 years. I'd say the good ETFs
               | are fine.
        
             | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
             | Pretty much this. Once the hype has reached the mainstream,
             | the opportunity has peaked or already passed.
        
             | WrtCdEvrydy wrote:
             | Yep, the only reason you should buy into the Bitcoin is
             | when you see the news that it's going the other way (ie:
             | Bitcoin drops $2,000 in 30 minutes)
        
               | thebean11 wrote:
               | $2k is only 4%, swings like that happen like every day.
               | Would not recommend trading on that news.
        
             | porknubbins wrote:
             | If "hear about" means major media wrote a news story about
             | it because it has gone up then yes. But I've learned about
             | profitable investments from places like twitter, reddit etc
             | if you are deeply plugged in to what is happening.
        
               | fennecfoxen wrote:
               | Or deeply plugged into the world of fantasies and pump-
               | and-dump scams. It can be hard to tell.
        
           | jug wrote:
           | Yup, stock market is all about factored in valuations and
           | others saw the writing on the wall. Since rises and drops are
           | due to surprises, the only way it'll rocket further is if
           | things will go even EVEN better than already expected. I
           | sometimes have to repeat all this for myself... it helps :p
        
       | carapace wrote:
       | It's Spring, plant a garden. Dig up your lawn and plant some
       | potatoes.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victory_garden
        
       | mouzogu wrote:
       | After just finishing reading Griftopia; I would not be surprised
       | if Goldman Sachs had something to do with this or at least
       | speculation of perishable commodities.
        
         | DrBazza wrote:
         | Speculation in commodities reminded me of the onion futures act
         | [0]
         | 
         | """ The Onion Futures Act is a United States law banning the
         | trading of futures contracts on onions as well as "motion
         | picture box office receipts".[1]
         | 
         | In 1955, two onion traders, Sam Siegel and Vincent Kosuga,
         | cornered the onion futures market on the Chicago Mercantile
         | Exchange. The resulting regulatory actions led to the passing
         | of the act on August 28, 1958. As of January 2021, it remains
         | in effect.[1]
         | 
         | The law was amended in 2010 to add motion picture box office
         | futures to the list of banned futures contracts, in response to
         | lobbying efforts by the Motion Picture Association of
         | America.[2] """
         | 
         | 0. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion_Futures_Act
        
       | jackfoxy wrote:
       | This is the result of the central banks embracing Modern Monetary
       | Theory https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Monetary_Theory as
       | the policy to leave no hedge fund behind and lay the groundwork
       | for UBI.
       | 
       | In plain English this is the fractional reserve banking system
       | providing a cornucopia for all. It's really using debt to finance
       | not capital creation, but current consumption. This cannot
       | possibly end well.
        
         | loveistheanswer wrote:
         | >this is the fractional reserve banking system
         | 
         | Seems like we may need a new technical term to replace
         | "fractional reserve banking", because the Fed reduced reserve
         | requirement ratios to zero percent a year ago.
         | 
         | https://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/reservereq.htm
        
         | bpodgursky wrote:
         | Or, as I like to call it, Magic Monetary Theory.
        
         | jcfrei wrote:
         | That's not true at all. Central banks have tried to stoke
         | inflation for close to a decade now without success. The reason
         | behind the current rise is just what the article mentions:
         | "poor weather, increased demand and virus-mangled global supply
         | chains". Or maybe you are confusing the actions by the federal
         | government (stimulus checks) with those of the central banks
         | (QE). The former most likely does have inflationary effects -
         | the latter hasn't had an effect for well over 10 years by now.
        
         | koboll wrote:
         | >to finance not capital creation, but current consumption
         | 
         | I don't understand the distinction here. Capital creation
         | results from meeting the needs of current consumption, no?
        
           | large wrote:
           | Something has to be produced before it can be consumed.
        
         | certnlyuncertn wrote:
         | IMO it's more likely a result of a global pandemic disrupting
         | labor and supply chains combined with some unlucky weather
         | events hurting crop yields.
        
       | nelsonmandela wrote:
       | Closed borders, no students/backpackers, farmers unprepared to
       | pay minimum wages to Australians is resulting in a lot of produce
       | being plowed back into the ground. I just don't know how this
       | economy keeps rolling.
       | 
       | How can farmers meet the payments on their loans?
       | 
       | Reading 'The great depression: A diary' and looking at the world
       | today just shocks the hell out of me. We are following it step
       | for step and the crash is going to be devastating.
        
         | blazespin wrote:
         | "We are following it step for step".
         | 
         | Really? Top voted comment on Hacker News? Yikes. Things have
         | really gone downhill around here. Stick to tech, folks.
         | 
         | "During the early 1920s, for example, prices dropped a total of
         | 20%. And during the worst years of the Great Depression, from
         | 1930 to 1933, prices fell a total of 25%"
         | 
         | I mean, the title of the article was even : "Food Prices Soar
         | Globally"
         | 
         | If you want to be a doomer, than at least compare it to the
         | stagflation of the 70s, but honestly, that's probably not
         | accurate either.
        
           | nelsonmandela wrote:
           | That was in regards to following the diary step for step -
           | Farmers plowing food back into the fields, enactment of
           | minimum wage laws, booming house prices followed by a massive
           | crash with nobody attending auctions, booming stock market
           | with massive unemployment.
        
           | octodog wrote:
           | The snark in this comment is completely unnecessary. It is
           | better for everyone if you make your point in a more
           | constructive manner.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | bondarchuk wrote:
             | Rant incoming.
             | 
             | I, for one, appreciate it. This thing on HN where you have
             | to beat around the bush and phrase your sentences
             | objectively and in a general way, when everybody knows that
             | you are just talking about a specific instance, saying
             | things like "if you [x] then someone may respond [y]" when
             | it is clear that someone literally said [x] so you can just
             | say [y] in reply.. All that stuff is incredibly tiring to
             | read IMHO. If you just want to call out someone's bullshit
             | you should be able to do so in a straightforward manner and
             | in a tone that corresponds with "calling out someone's
             | bullshit".
             | 
             | If we could just be a little bit more honest here I think
             | it would be an improvement.
        
               | josalhor wrote:
               | While I somewhat agree with the sentiment of your
               | comment, one of the reasons I believe Hacker News is so
               | civilized is because the arguments are always very
               | rationalized. That is, it is easy to point out faulting
               | logic.
               | 
               | Following up with your example: If someone simply states
               | [y] then the context of where [y] came from is lost and
               | the discussion turns into a person saying [x] and a
               | person saying [y], which is a step too close to becoming
               | Twitter.
               | 
               | While I agree it can sometimes be a bit tiresome to read
               | and write, I say this significantly improves the overall
               | quality of the conversations.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | I understand your position, it is definitely more natural
               | to answer less analytically and more emotionally.
               | 
               | But this is commonplace elsewhere on the Internet and you
               | can see the results. Too often the argument deteriorates
               | into ad-hominem mud flinging.
               | 
               | HN is pretty rare in its analytic culture. I appreciate
               | it and enjoy the difference from Twitter, Reddit et al.
               | enormously.
               | 
               | It is important to realize that we cannot really read the
               | minds on the other side of the screen and a lot of our
               | assumptions _what somebody really wanted to say_ are just
               | prejudice.
        
               | roenxi wrote:
               | It isn't normally clear that someone just said [x]. HN is
               | united only in interests; the usual crowd has a pretty
               | broad range of cultural backgrounds and there enormous
               | room to misinterpret people without body language.
               | Twitter has sentences, HN has paragraphs. It is an
               | improvement, but it isn't really a suitable format for
               | discussion.
               | 
               | And in that vein, the most reasonable interpretation of
               | the thread ancestor is "look, we've been through this
               | sort of thing a couple of times in the last 7,000 odd
               | years of recorded history - why does this all seem to be
               | surprising to the people in charge and catching them
               | unprepared?".
               | 
               | We know we've been here before, and it isn't that crazy
               | to say the current state of the world looks like the
               | prelude to WWI or WWII. Reading books like "The great
               | depression: A diary" is a pretty decent idea. It would
               | have been much more helpful if old mate had argued _why_
               | there were similarities. Maybe with coaxing they would
               | have.  "Yikes. Things have really gone downhill around
               | here. Stick to tech, folks." does not encourage anything
               | half as productive as looking to the past for answers.
               | There are bigger problems afoot in 2021 than tech.
        
             | blablabla123 wrote:
             | Okay but this was the start of some pretty dark times, so I
             | think it's necessary to be historically accurate here which
             | is not the case. The great depression followed the first
             | more or less industrialized war, also the geo-political
             | situation was a completely different one.
        
             | j4yav wrote:
             | I didn't really read it as snark. It has historically been
             | pretty shocking here to find a top comment so confidently
             | wrong and just seemingly totally made up (farmers going
             | bankrupt just like the Great Depression.. because food
             | prices are going up?), and it's fair to directly call it
             | out. It wasn't done in any particularly mean way as best I
             | can tell.
        
               | yorwba wrote:
               | > It has historically been pretty shocking here to find a
               | top comment so confidently wrong
               | 
               | You should not be shocked by that, because every comment
               | starts out as the top comment, votes only affect how
               | quickly it drops. If you come back a few days later and
               | the top comment is still confidently wrong, maybe you can
               | be shocked then.
        
               | j4yav wrote:
               | I promise to moderate my shock as a function of time
               | spent at the top.
        
             | Hammershaft wrote:
             | When posters assume competence within a domain that they do
             | not have and make predictions with absolute confidence that
             | they have no evidence for, it damages the greatest quality
             | of this board, which is open intellectual discussion. When
             | bullshit get called out in a snarky tone its in the defence
             | of that quality.
        
         | tryonenow wrote:
         | Wouldn't prices go up anyway if farmers were forced to pay
         | higher wages for picking? I imagine the margin on vegetables is
         | quite tiny...
        
         | Cederfjard wrote:
         | Am I interpreting this correctly that there's a minimum wage
         | that applies to Australians but not foreigners, and farmers
         | thus rely on foreign labor?
         | 
         | Edit: In Sweden we have/have had similar situations with
         | temporary immigrants that for example pick berries for
         | exploitative wages, but that's because there's no actual
         | minimum wage per se - in the rest of society decent wages are
         | ensured by strong unions (except in areas where demand is high
         | anyway, like say for software developers).
        
           | klingon78 wrote:
           | I don't mean to downplay this, but it's similar to the
           | migrant worker booms across the globe over past decades.
           | 
           | For example, people from Central America trek up at risk of
           | their lives through dangerous drug lord territories to get to
           | US states where they can work illegally for less than minimum
           | wage, then send that money back to their families because
           | they can make much more doing that than they could at home
           | and may have no other choice.
           | 
           | The working and living conditions can be terrible, and answer
           | is not to deport them or make their conditions worse; that
           | hurts the host country as well as the workers and creates
           | more division. Similar workers boosted the US culturally and
           | economically because industry and governments embraced them
           | for labor and taxes.
        
           | dbetteridge wrote:
           | More like.
           | 
           | I'll pay you minimum wage, but charge you exorbitant amounts
           | for board and lodging and you have no choice because it's the
           | middle of nowhere.
           | 
           | Or for the extra dodgy types, cash payments below minimum
           | wage because they know international workers are less likely
           | to know their rights and be aware of what the minimum wage
           | is.
        
             | danjac wrote:
             | What Americans used to call the "company town".
        
             | rapnie wrote:
             | The first happens in The Netherlands on large scale, since
             | they deregulated job agencies. There are 1,000's of shady
             | ones, where administratively all is fine and dandy, but in
             | practice foreign labour is paid far below minimum wage +
             | they are often threatened to not speak up, passport taken,
             | etc.
             | 
             | This, btw, happens all across the EU is my impression.
             | Modern-day slavery very much alive globally even!
        
               | dbetteridge wrote:
               | Sounds just like what happens in Australia, joy...
               | 
               | Jobseeker agencies paid by the Federal government to
               | 'place' workers, this doesn't factor in the jobs actually
               | being suitable or useful mind.
               | 
               | The workers on unemployment are also required to apply
               | for a quota of jobs or risk losing their benefits, even
               | though there may actually be no new jobs to apply for.
        
               | kungito wrote:
               | I've heard first hand about this happening in Denmark on
               | a large scale as well. It's hard not believing the
               | government knows about this but does nothing. I wouldn't
               | call it slavery in this case because people come by buses
               | from Poland and go back home after the work is done. They
               | have their freedom of movement. It's just the origin
               | countries are so much worse than the ones where they go
               | to work
        
               | simiones wrote:
               | It's usually not even that they are so much worse. It's
               | just that the monetary value differences make up the
               | difference. These people can live a much better life in
               | Poland with a Denmark subsistence wage, then they can in
               | Poland with the minimum wage. So they sacrifice some
               | months of their lives living in worse conditions in order
               | to make some money for back home, where they can use that
               | money to improve the lot of their children.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | kypro wrote:
               | The problem here is more of a supply / demand thing which
               | you can't simply ignore that because the issue will never
               | go away so long as the incentives for it exist.
               | 
               | If farmers paid good wages they wouldn't need to rely on
               | foreign labour and food prices would go up. This is a
               | workable solution, but is is what people living in
               | western countries want?
               | 
               | We have the same issue here in the UK with the NHS.. We
               | pay NHS workers terrible wages so we need to import
               | foreign labour because wages aren't high enough to
               | attract domestic workers. In one sense it's great because
               | we get better health care than we would otherwise afford
               | and foreigners have an opportunity to get better pay in
               | the UK (even if it's bad by UK standards).
               | 
               | I've found many people here get angry about what we pay
               | NHS workers while also getting angry about NHS waiting
               | times. If we wanted to we could increase wages which
               | would either require resource cuts and lower output or
               | higher taxes for the same level of care. It would also
               | mean we wouldn't need to depend on foreign labour, but
               | who benefits from this? By paying more foreigners now
               | have less opportunity to move to the UK and British
               | citizens have sub-par / higher cost health care.
               | 
               | Presumably, it's the same with agricultural workers. Sure
               | you can pay more, but who benefits from it? The root
               | "problem" is that labour is extremely cheap outside of
               | developed countries. Developed countries can cut
               | themselves off from that labour supply if they like, but
               | I have no idea what the economic incentive (or benefit)
               | of doing so is for either the workers or the citizens.
               | Call it modern-day slavery if you like but these are
               | consensual working relationships, which presumably
               | wouldn't take place if they didn't benefit both the
               | worker and the employer.
               | 
               | So long as labour remains cheap outside of the developed
               | world a trade off will always exist - paying more will
               | just mean higher prices for citizens and fewer
               | opportunities for those living in the poorest parts of
               | the world, but on the up side you can say you pay a
               | fairer wage by your own national standards.
        
               | rjsw wrote:
               | > Developed countries can cut themselves off from that
               | labour supply if they like
               | 
               | The UK has done, it is known as Brexit.
        
               | killtimeatwork wrote:
               | > Developed countries can cut themselves off from that
               | labour supply if they like, but I have no idea what the
               | economic incentive (or benefit) of doing so is for either
               | the workers or the citizens.
               | 
               | It would end supply of people who are willing to work for
               | unlivable wages, thus making wages for low-end work to go
               | up. The lowest rungs of society would benefit greatly
               | from it, while everyone pay would pay for it (via
               | increased prices).
        
           | nness wrote:
           | Some of Australia's visa's require that the applicant spend a
           | few months working on a farm, usually fruit-picking. These
           | workers are still entitled to the same minimum wages (as far
           | as I know) and other protections, in theory.
           | 
           | (Australia's geographical isolation makes it difficult to
           | attract seasonal workers, unlike throughout Europe where
           | traveling for work is comparatively cheaper and easier.)
           | 
           | However, farmers have always benefited from the fact that
           | people wanted the visa more than the didn't want to work --
           | many workers are taken advantage of. Now that there are none
           | of these workers, farmers are having to complete for labor
           | like anyone else and that is costing more than they intended.
        
             | nelsonmandela wrote:
             | In addition to supposedly paying them minimum wage - the
             | farmers employ a racket where they charge the poor souls
             | exorbitant rates to stay on the farm as it is rural and
             | there is no other accommodation thereby bringing the
             | effective minimum wage down significantly.
        
           | swarnie_ wrote:
           | We have a similar situation in the UK where minimum wage is
           | payed but work and living conditions are horrendous.
           | 
           | No locals will do the work because... Why would you. Living
           | in a caravan for the whole summer and working 12 hours a day
           | isn't a good deal. Maybe its worth it if you intend to move
           | back to a county where you get much better purchasing power?
        
         | imutemyteam wrote:
         | I really doubt that the backpacker community was the major
         | labor source in Australia.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | Everyone expected toilet paper and mask shortages.
       | 
       | Ends up being Food and semi conductors.
        
       | tinus_hn wrote:
       | Turns out lockdowns aren't free, even if you just don't
       | compensate businesses.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | This article is primarily about inflation in developing nations
         | like Indonesia.
         | 
         | The inflation in countries like the United States is much lower
         | (around 3% on food compared to 1.5% overall inflation).
         | 
         | Ironically, some of that inflation is due to increased demand
         | for goods providing more demand for shipping services due to
         | lockdown. People had a lot more money to save or spend during
         | lockdown (personal savings rates spiked upward), so shipping
         | prices are inflating due to demand. Food is often shipped, so
         | these inflation costs are partially from shipping costs.
        
         | ketzu wrote:
         | Was "lockdowns are free" a serious position held by a relevant
         | number of people?
        
           | mrfusion wrote:
           | Lives over stock market was a big thing on the media.
        
           | adav wrote:
           | I've not heard any British politicians say that lockdowns are
           | free but I have heard the Chancellor say that any borrowing
           | at the moment is cheap due to low interest rates.
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | That is literally true though:
             | https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/rates-bonds/government-
             | bon...
             | 
             | Thirty year rates at 1.28%!
        
               | iso1631 wrote:
               | Shame I can't get a 30 year mortgage at 1.28%
        
           | Guthur wrote:
           | No, but no one could truly quantify the cost.
           | 
           | The same was true for Covid at the beginning, no one could
           | quantify how bad it actually would be with wild figures in
           | the 5%+ mortality rate. So we screamed for shutdown.
           | 
           | Problem though is that now it's very much clear that Covid
           | was nowhere near that level of mortality, still bad but not
           | the doomsday scenario. Now we we'll have to see what the cost
           | of maintaining the reaction to the initial Covid doomsday
           | estimation; with lockdowns and short term shoring of the
           | economy through fiat currency production.
        
           | tinus_hn wrote:
           | I'm sure these 13.5 million people in the US, who now can't
           | afford food anymore, wouldn't have been such enthusiastic
           | lockdown supporters had they realized they would pay the
           | price themselves.
        
             | __s wrote:
             | Lockdowns aren't free, but neither would ignoring the
             | pandemic be. There's no way to avoid the cost
             | 
             | Looking back at the Spanish Flu,
             | https://www.inquirer.com/health/coronavirus/coronavirus-
             | covi... showed that lockdowns ended up being cheaper than
             | no lockdowns
             | 
             | Unfortunately the ruling class will always find a way to
             | trickle down costs, so it's no surprise that the poorer you
             | are the more impacted you are. With or without lockdown
             | 
             | "I am once again asking for your financial support" meme
             | for tax payers bailing out megacorp bonuses yet again
        
               | tinus_hn wrote:
               | Great statistics on a disease 5 times as fatal that raged
               | a century ago in a world that no longer exists.
        
               | Mediterraneo10 wrote:
               | The costs of ignoring the pandemic are very country-
               | dependent. In countries whose economies are based on
               | extraction of natural resources, only a fairly small
               | amount of people are needed to run the extraction and
               | export sector. All the other tens of millions of people
               | living in that country have bluntly been called things
               | like "superfluous population" by thinktanks. That small
               | workforce maintaining the economy is little affected by a
               | disease like COVID with its median death age of ~80.
               | 
               | Also, it was believed that COVID presented a threat to
               | the broader economy because it could overwhelm the
               | healthcare system, preventing the broader workforce from
               | accessing treatment. However, one approach is to triage
               | COVID victims, denying them hospital beds so that those
               | beds remain available for the broader population.
               | Liability or elected officials' sensitivity to
               | accusations of "letting grandma die" prevented some
               | countries from implementing this triaging, but other
               | countries could.
        
             | itsumoiru wrote:
             | The most enthusiastic lockdown supporters are unlikely to
             | be the ones that can't afford food now. Much more likely to
             | be people reading HN or writing for the NYT.
        
               | tinus_hn wrote:
               | The mainstream masses were supporters, definitely not
               | limited to niches like you mention.
        
       | tokenmonster wrote:
       | If food prices are soaring, and there's a bubble in all kinds of
       | other assets like stocks and bitcoin, why aren't we calling it
       | inflation - can anyone explain why policymakers aren't really
       | concerned?
        
         | aww_dang wrote:
         | There's little choice but to rationalize this state of affairs.
         | 
         | Continuing to inflat the money supply is the politically
         | expedient option. Price inflation is a related phenomenon. The
         | Fed is unable to decrease it's balance sheet in a meaningful
         | way.
         | 
         | Some politicians are critical of central bank monetary policy.
         | They are frequently maligned.
        
       | bobitsaboy wrote:
       | Prior to the pandemic, I always advocated for a couple weeks
       | worth of non-perishables to be at the ready. Storms can cause
       | issues getting to stores (or shipments arriving), and illness can
       | make it a pain to make a weekly run. Now my significant other is
       | entirely on board.
       | 
       | When normal ingredients we used became unavailable, it caused us
       | to continually try new things. I have to admit I was pretty
       | surprised to see today's customers buy up the basic scratch
       | ingredients like rabid consumers early in the pandemic. Flour,
       | sugar, etc. were all a real pain to get a hold of.
       | 
       | I thought prices were increasing pretty steadily before the
       | pandemic and now it's even worse. I can remember so many items
       | being as cheap as 25 cents each during the 90s and into the
       | 00s... now most of them at $1.50 each. Meanwhile, our state
       | minimum wage has increased not nearly as much (but employers are
       | having to offer closer and closer to double to rope in anyone).
        
         | Aachen wrote:
         | > prices were increasing pretty steadily during the pandemic
         | and now it's even worse. I can remember so many items being as
         | cheap as 25 cents each during the 90s and into the 00s...
         | 
         | How long have you been having a pandemic for?
         | 
         | Joking aside (that sentence read a bit weirdly), I don't think
         | you should compare what happened in the 90s with what happened
         | since 2020-02. If inflation surpasses minimum wage in the long
         | term, that's not the same as prices soaring because of supply
         | chain changes. And for what it's worth, I've not noticed any
         | price increases here between 2020-02 and last week. This is way
         | too anecdotal and conflating different situations to be useful.
        
           | bobitsaboy wrote:
           | Simply comparing prices from the 90s onward. They've risen
           | significantly more over time while wages haven't seen a bump
           | here in Ohio since 2008.
        
             | whelming_wave wrote:
             | that sounds like the general trend of wages in the US to
             | not adjust upwards since Reagan's presidency
        
               | frockington1 wrote:
               | The data does not support this, wages have been in the
               | 2-4% rate for a while now. Seems tied to economic
               | conditions rather than who is president.
               | 
               | Source: https://www.epi.org/nominal-wage-tracker
        
         | NullPrefix wrote:
         | >Flour, sugar, etc. were all a real pain to get a hold of
         | 
         | I see that as a win. Neither flour nor sugar is essential or
         | healthy.
        
           | bobitsaboy wrote:
           | That's great, they're just two items and a lot of people
           | didn't routinely buy flour (or something like yeast).
           | Meanwhile, everything else has gone up in addition. A number
           | of produce items have increased 25-50% in the last year here.
           | 
           | Gotta love some of the people on HN. Maybe it's just the late
           | night crowd?
        
           | atomashpolskiy wrote:
           | Yeah, let them eat kinoa and avocado
        
       | wideareanetwork wrote:
       | This sort of news makes me want to panic.
        
         | brink wrote:
         | It's panicking that caused the issue in the first place.
        
         | KirillPanov wrote:
         | donut panic
        
       | j_m_b wrote:
       | Fiat Money! Quantitative easing! Stimulus Checks! Next it will be
       | UBI. Unrestrained monetary policies were the piper to save us
       | from financial crisis after financial crisis. Now his pal
       | inflation is coming for all of our free lunches.
        
       | [deleted]
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | Florence9899 wrote:
       | Ia zdes' Golaia https://vk.cc/bZoVGs
        
       | williesleg wrote:
       | Of course, we need to eat bugs, that's the only way out. Fresh
       | water shortages and the climate crisis will only make it worse.
        
       | hellbannedguy wrote:
       | The article blames transportation cost due to Covid, and an
       | increase in raw food prices for the rise in food cost.
       | 
       | In my little bubble, in the Bay Area, it feels like plain old
       | greed, and opportunity, but not price gouging.
       | 
       | When the government tells me where I can shop, along with my fear
       | of how certain stores have dealt with Covid precautions, my
       | buying habits don't take price into account like before.
       | 
       | The first few months; I bought transportation, and raw costs, but
       | now I'm not so sure.
       | 
       | My local Safeway has raised prices on everything. At first, they
       | looked like they were trying to be fair. Now----it looks like
       | they know people can basically shop fir food, so why not raise
       | prices on everything while they have you there?
       | 
       | Same goes for Homedepot. Yea, raw wood prices, and appliances
       | have gone up, but it looks like everything they sell went up.
       | 
       | I haven't been into Whole food because my local store has had too
       | many sick employees.
       | 
       | (While we are on prices, Mercury Insurance refunded me $6.46 on a
       | $600 policy, and that was last year. Why hasn't my insurance gone
       | way down? It just seems like accidents would be down? My policy
       | is minimum I can legally get away with. I was going to switch to
       | an insurance company that bills per mile, but my old car does not
       | have a computer that Tye "honesty" devise can plug into. I would
       | be happy to send the company a picture of my odometer monthly,
       | but that is not an option.)
        
         | Matheus28 wrote:
         | If you're in California and carrying the minimum legal limits
         | for car insurance, you're exposing yourself to a massive
         | liability risk, especially if you're a tech worker
         | (savings/high income), since you're not judgement-proof.
        
         | luxuryballs wrote:
         | Geico refunded customers on account of all the less driving
         | during lockdowns.
        
         | jhayward wrote:
         | > When the government tells me where I can shop,
         | 
         | Which government is telling you where you can shop? In what way
         | do they do that?
        
           | sokoloff wrote:
           | With regards to satisfying hunger, if the government has
           | closed bars and sit-down restaurants in an area, that shifts
           | food procurement towards grocers.
           | 
           | Pre-pandemic, I suspect I purchased over half of my caloric
           | intake from a food vendor other than a grocer. 15 years ago,
           | that would have been 90+% (as so I expect the younger cohorts
           | today would be similar)
        
             | amanaplanacanal wrote:
             | Where I am restaurants have been available throughout the
             | pandemic at least for take out, and most have setup ways to
             | have outdoor seating which is still allowed. There are a
             | few which have closed permanently, but not as many as I
             | expected, thankfully.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | We did many similar things here, though when the outside
               | temps are 0o to -5o C, it's a lot less appealing to eat
               | and socialize outside, so the government prohibition or
               | limitations on indoor dining have still caused a sharp
               | reduction in percentage of calories purchased this way.
               | (I'm not arguing that they are improper, just that they
               | have caused a sharp change in consumption patterns which
               | have, in turn, benefited grocers.)
        
       | bigpoppa wrote:
       | zerohedge.ycombinator.com
        
       | layoutIfNeeded wrote:
       | Good. Maybe we'll waste less now.
        
         | pietrovismara wrote:
         | I have an even better way to reduce waste: Let's raise food
         | prices so that no one can afford to eat! No consumption, no
         | waste.
        
         | rcMgD2BwE72F wrote:
         | The most wasteful are the richest though.
        
           | pmlnr wrote:
           | "The reason that the rich were so rich, Vimes reasoned, was
           | because they managed to spend less money.
           | 
           | Take boots, for example. He earned thirty-eight dollars a
           | month plus allowances. A really good pair of leather boots
           | cost fifty dollars. But an affordable pair of boots, which
           | were sort of OK for a season or two and then leaked like hell
           | when the cardboard gave out, cost about ten dollars. Those
           | were the kind of boots Vimes always bought, and wore until
           | the soles were so thin that he could tell where he was in
           | Ankh-Morpork on a foggy night by the feel of the cobbles.
           | 
           | But the thing was that good boots lasted for years and years.
           | A man who could afford fifty dollars had a pair of boots
           | that'd still be keeping his feet dry in ten years' time,
           | while the poor man who could only afford cheap boots would
           | have spent a hundred dollars on boots in the same time and
           | would still have wet feet.
           | 
           | This was the Captain Samuel Vimes 'Boots' theory of
           | socioeconomic unfairness."
           | 
           | < https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/72745-the-reason-that-
           | the-r... >
           | 
           | So in short: no. Everyone is wasting.
        
             | pietrovismara wrote:
             | > "The reason that the rich were so rich, Vimes reasoned,
             | was because they managed to spend less money.
             | 
             | > So in short: no. Everyone is wasting.
             | 
             | The wealthiest 20% of the world's population consume 80% of
             | resources, while the poorest 20% lack the basics to
             | survive.
             | 
             | It just takes 40 seconds of research to completely disprove
             | your point.
        
               | pmlnr wrote:
               | Wasting is wasting; small or big wasn't the question.
        
             | chii wrote:
             | So why did't the poorer man buy the more expensive boots
             | using a loan, and then pay it off over the life time of the
             | boots?
             | 
             | That would've prevented him from spending hundred dollars
             | on bad boots over and over again. So i argue that it's poor
             | planning.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | To be clear, your question is "why don't poor people just
               | get loans"?
        
               | chii wrote:
               | The poor person paid out $100 over 10 years, for the
               | equivalent goods that would've costed $50 in upfront
               | capital (good shoes).
               | 
               | So an enterprising banker would be willing to lend this
               | poor person $50, to be repaid with eight $10 installments
               | yearly, for a total of $80 - a 60% return on investment
               | (7.5% pa returns).
               | 
               | This would've kept the poor person's cashflow the same -
               | $10 per year, and he'd have paid an extra $30 for the
               | priviledge of the upfront capital, but saved $20 vs
               | buying new shoes every year for $10, ten years straight.
               | 
               | If those shoes were so important, this would've been the
               | way to do it, not buy a crappy pair every year that end
               | up costing you more in the long run.
               | 
               | Edit: my main point is that financing is a potential way
               | out for those who lack the capital, but is able to to
               | handle the cashflow.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | Then they get hit with an unexpected $1k medical bill.
               | They now default on your shoe loan, and the coat loan,
               | and the car loan, and the rest of the microloans.
               | 
               | Poor people generally don't have _access_ to capital
               | except at incredibly high APRs that typically make things
               | worse, not better.
        
       | foobarbaz33 wrote:
       | It makes sense. There's more people than ever and less food
       | produced after 2020 flooding in China.
        
       | devilduck wrote:
       | it's almost time to eat the rich
        
       | marshmallow_12 wrote:
       | Haven't read the article, but i'm sure the problem could be
       | greatly alleviated, or even entirely eradicated, by cutting down
       | on food waste. I understand an absurd amount of food goes to
       | waste, something like a third.
       | 
       | All around us, obscene amounts of food is going to the bin.
        
       | DoingIsLearning wrote:
       | "thanks to a combination of poor weather, increased demand and
       | virus-mangled global supply chains."
       | 
       | Seems like a lost opportunity to create so much anxiety with a
       | long piece like this, to then only have this single line to hint
       | at a reason for the rise.
       | 
       | Can anybody more economically minded clarify if this is just
       | post-covid rebound supply chain prices or is this food prices
       | adjusting closer to their 'real' cost?
       | 
       | Also what events do they refer to regarding 'poor weather'?
        
         | mjevans wrote:
         | Pure speculation: Texas. (also central US crops? but it's
         | probably too early for that)
         | 
         | I wonder how many warehoused things that require power and
         | integrity got damaged.
        
           | TimSchumann wrote:
           | They don't really grow much but cattle in Texas. Doubt
           | there's a correlation.
        
             | ryanmarsh wrote:
             | Please research Texas agriculture. Cattle does account for
             | half of ag commodities. However it's such a large state
             | that it is the top US producer of several non-livestock ag
             | commodities.
        
               | thechao wrote:
               | My 42 years in Texas has taught me that out major export
               | is bullshit; we've got a record crop coming in this year.
        
         | a_bonobo wrote:
         | Here in Australia, some food prizes are up because the farming
         | industry relies on cheap backpacker labor.
         | 
         | Borders are shut so no backpackers come in, so a lot of fruit
         | died on the field.
         | 
         | https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/02/world/australia/agricultu...
         | 
         | It should be noted that the entire industry is notorious for
         | doing every dodgy thing they can get away with, wage theft,
         | rent theft, extreme conditions, so local workers stay as far
         | away from these jobs as they can.
         | 
         | Other industries have done OK though. Wheat grain, for example,
         | is predicted to be pretty average:
         | https://research.csiro.au/graincast/wheat-yield-forecasts/
        
           | Uberphallus wrote:
           | Most cereal, corn, and even some fruit harvest is highly
           | mechanized, whereas many other types of produce require
           | manual labor, so it's really not surprising.
           | 
           | In Europe, there are seasonal harvests that require surges of
           | workers, who are sometimes legal and sometimes not. For
           | example loads of foreign workers flock to the vineyards in
           | France, Italy or Spain to collect the grapes for winemaking.
           | It's around 3 weeks of work, obviously not worth a permanent
           | contract.
           | 
           | There were very few restrictions in those countries by the
           | time of harvest (September) so wine prices, to my knowledge,
           | have remained largely unaffected, but if it happened
           | otherwise, winemakers would have been, without doubt,
           | lobbying against the restrictions.
        
             | babesh wrote:
             | It's amazing to me that the EU behaves a lot like the US in
             | this regard. Same with Australia. I had no idea.
        
               | michael1999 wrote:
               | Modern capitalism usually moves the capital to labor. But
               | you can't move sunshine or soil, so modern agriculture
               | moves the labor to the capital.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | Well, it is still somewhat tricky to pick strawberries
               | etc. with robots. There is R&D going on, but humans still
               | win.
               | 
               | You need to take into account that income differences
               | within the EU are enormous. Badly paid job in Germany
               | still translates into very paid job in Bulgaria or
               | Romania. That is why a lot of the seasonal workers come
               | from the Balkans. Within a month they make enough money
               | to live off for several months back home. No
               | qualification needed.
        
           | Glawen wrote:
           | I knew backpacking was a thing, but I thought it was quite
           | confidential. I didn't know that the farmers heavily relied
           | on them to harvest
        
             | elyobo wrote:
             | Not sure that we're operating on the same definition of
             | "backpacking" here, it's just low cost travel[1]. On
             | certain visas in Australia you can extend the duration by
             | working in a specified area[2], which is where that form of
             | travel intersects with the food production issues.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backpacking_(travel) [2]
             | https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-
             | li...
        
             | bpcpdx wrote:
             | I strongly suspect that it might be their flavor of our
             | "traditional" migrant workers that involved some temporary
             | work visa.
        
           | lupire wrote:
           | That's amazing. Australia's farm labor is primarily
           | relatively-wealthy vacationers who need a boost while they
           | are far from home?
        
             | blaser-waffle wrote:
             | Working Holiday visa. If you're under 30 it's a rubber
             | stamp thing.
             | 
             | Pay the 400 bucks and you're good for a year.
             | 
             | You can work legally as long as it's no more than 6 months
             | anywhere, and it's pretty easy to get around that.
             | 
             | You can extend your visa for another year if you do 88 days
             | (~3 months) of "farm work" -- doesn't have to be on a farm
             | per se, I know a guy who worked in a hyper-remote rural gas
             | station ("road house").
             | 
             | I worked on a very remote cattle farm digging watering
             | trenches and welding cattle pens. Then hitchhiked across
             | the country.
        
         | DrBazza wrote:
         | There's an additional article that was on here the other day,
         | that says there's a world-wide shipping problem.
         | 
         | Many containers are abandoned in countries that aren't on major
         | routes because they took PPE to those countries, but never
         | bothered to bring the empty containers back.
         | 
         | Also lots of boats moored off the US East and West coasts, plus
         | Europe, waiting of loading/unloading because of delayed supply
         | chains due to COVID.
         | 
         | It's a butterfly or ripple effect of high optimized supply
         | chains being affected by small changes caused by nature/the
         | government throwing a virus shaped spanner in the works.
        
         | adflux wrote:
         | Sure, almost all central banks over the world have printed an
         | astronomical amount of money. Even though they may state there
         | is no significant inflation, I dont buy it and neither do many
         | other economists. Stock prices, house prices and now, at last,
         | commodity prices have gone through the roof... But you're
         | probably earning about as much as you were a year ago, or less,
         | if your industry was affected...
         | 
         | It's not just food. Lumber, Steel and Oil aswell.
         | https://www.ft.com/content/6a7c232e-9c63-420c-ac05-40aea84a9...
         | 
         | EDIT: noticed link is paywalled (but not when you access via
         | google) alternative article here:
         | https://www.reuters.com/article/us-global-markets-idUSKBN2AM...
         | "World shares slide on inflation fears, commodities surge"
        
           | artificialLimbs wrote:
           | We were going to build a house about 6 months ago. Plywood
           | sheets that we were looking at were $8. They're now $30.
        
             | Diederich wrote:
             | May I ask what region you're in? Thanks.
        
               | artificialLimbs wrote:
               | Whoops, meant to include: southern United States.
        
           | PragmaticPulp wrote:
           | Inflation due to monetary policy is a hot topic right now,
           | but it's getting too much blame for current events.
           | 
           | Prices are up for multiple reasons, including more pressure
           | on shipping channels due to increased demand for goods across
           | the board.
           | 
           | Also, this article is largely about inflation in developing
           | nations like Indonesia. The inflation noted in countries like
           | the United States is more pedestrian:
           | 
           | > In the U.S., prices rose close to 3% in the year ending
           | Jan. 2, according to NielsenIQ, roughly double the overall
           | rate of inflation.
        
           | mistermann wrote:
           | Asking for investment advice in a forum is probably not the
           | best idea, but does anyone have any advice for someone who's
           | been sitting almost entirely in cash for over 2 years
           | (including missing the covid rebound)? I have a fair amount
           | of experience in the market but from an intuition
           | perspective, I feel like I have alzheimer's or something, I
           | haven't a clue what a person should do in this situation.
        
             | dominotw wrote:
             | Same. I think market bubble is going to keep going atleast
             | in near future because of the new stimulus money that is
             | going to start flowing to the market soon.
             | 
             | https://www.cnbc.com/2021/03/08/how-the-young-plan-to-
             | spend-...
        
             | mellavora wrote:
             | If you don't have a clue, then staying in cash is probably
             | your best option.
             | 
             | John Hussman has a nice article on the option value of
             | cash. https://www.hussmanfunds.com/comment/mc201201/
             | 
             | tldr: Suppose I offer you a security that will pay $100 two
             | days from today. You can buy as much of it as you like
             | today at $50, or you can wait until tomorrow. Tomorrow,
             | I'll flip a coin. If it's heads, I'll sell you the security
             | at $99. If it's tails, I'll sell you the security at $25.
             | What should you do?
             | 
             | Clearly, if you buy the security today, you'll double your
             | money two days from now. That's a 100% expected return for
             | each dollar you invest, over that 2-day period. If you
             | wait, you'll earn nothing on the first day, but you'll then
             | have two possibilities. If heads, you'll get just 1% on
             | your invested money. If tails, you'll get a 300% return,
             | quadrupling your money. With a 50/50 chance at each, your
             | expected return for every dollar you invest is 0.5 _1% +
             | 0.5_ 300% = 150.5%. So waiting adds 50.5% to your expected
             | return over that 2-day period.
        
             | lupire wrote:
             | Stock market is always the best available long term bet on
             | average, because that's where you can disguise your assets
             | to mix in with wealthy people assets that gets government
             | bailouts.
             | 
             | There are other things like real estate and government
             | contacts, but those are less available to the casual
             | investor, except through stock market funds.
        
             | hedora wrote:
             | Don't try to time the market. Just put the money in a
             | diversified portfolio at a roboadvisor.
             | 
             | The market is up 2% YTD, but down 4% from peak. It's a
             | reasonable time to buy (better than peak, at least).
             | 
             | If you must try to time the market, use time cost averaging
             | to reduce volatility from getting a peak (or trough) price
             | when you enter the market, but know that doing so reduces
             | expected returns. The basic idea is to put 1/n of your
             | money in over the next n weeks.
        
           | bryanlarsen wrote:
           | Interest rates are at zero. When official inflation starts
           | ticking up they'll raise interest rates which will deflate
           | the stock & house price bubble and cut inflation off at the
           | knees.
           | 
           | We have lots of things to worry about -- inflation isn't one
           | of them.
        
             | blaser-waffle wrote:
             | Popping the bubble will be worse than the inflation.
        
               | scottLobster wrote:
               | How and for whom?
               | 
               | This attitude that the market must always go up has never
               | worked out historically, just makes the eventual
               | reckoning that much worse.
               | 
               | Fortunately that mentality means that renters like my
               | wife and I who want our future kids to grow up in a good
               | house in a quality school district can just keep saving
               | money, waiting to capitalize on the inevitable
               | normalization when all the speculators and eggs-in-one-
               | basket people fail to learn from history... again.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | For rich people.
        
               | AlexandrB wrote:
               | Also for people that put their life savings as
               | downpayment on an overpriced house.
        
               | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
               | But at least the bubble popping would make it easier for
               | the middle class newcommers enter the market.
               | 
               | Just inflating the bubble further, as every European bank
               | and government is doing, to make existing property owners
               | richer on paper and get their votes, is not a viable long
               | term solution.
               | 
               | IMHO, it can't pop sooner. Houses should be for living,
               | not for speculation and hoarding wealth. The younger
               | generations have been screwed enough by the old
               | established wealth hoarders.
        
               | jbay808 wrote:
               | Maybe the government can raise rates and offer some kind
               | of refund to people who bought their first house in the
               | last year?
               | 
               | Otherwise, the number of people in that "put their life
               | savings as a downpayment on an overpriced house" category
               | is only going to grow, making the problem worse when the
               | collapse eventually happens.
        
             | dominotw wrote:
             | > We have lots of things to worry about -- inflation isn't
             | one of them.
             | 
             | I really hate this comment. I am worried about not being
             | able to ever being afford a house for my family. Avg income
             | in my neighborhood is ~49k but a 2 bed condo here are
             | selling for 450K and getting outbid by 75k over the asking
             | price. Its insane.
             | 
             | Maybe you already own a house and are happy that prices are
             | up. But its really weird to tell other ppl what they should
             | be worried about.
        
               | throwawaygh wrote:
               | _> Avg income in my neighborhood is ~49k but a 2 bed
               | condo here are selling for 450K and getting outbid by 75k
               | over the asking price. Its insane._
               | 
               | Sure, and your point about housing prices mattering is a
               | good one (see my other comment on this story). But, this
               | describes maybe a few dozen housing markets. Probably
               | only a couple dozen if you cut out resort/ski towns. It's
               | a regional problem, not systemic problem with the
               | national economy.
        
               | dominotw wrote:
               | > But, this describes maybe a few dozen housing markets.
               | 
               | Its a national problem
               | 
               | https://www.redfin.com/us-housing-market
               | 
               | 'few dozen' is what like 3 dozens? Assuming its a problem
               | only in 36 markets. Wouldn't that be a 'national problem'
               | ? 36 markets should covers a majority of population in
               | the country.
        
               | throwawaygh wrote:
               | Because relatively few regional housing markets have non-
               | luxury 2 bed condos going for $525,000 (75K over 450K,
               | per your original post).
               | 
               | E.g., in the Midwest you'd have to be in a nice part of
               | Chicago or choosing the most expensive city neighborhood
               | of a mid-sized city to find a meaningful number of $525K
               | 2 bed condos. And even then, spending that much on a
               | condo is 100% an unnecessary luxury. 10 minutes in any
               | direction prices will crater, and by the time you get to
               | the suburbs starter homes are from the $200s and $525K is
               | a mansion. For the entirety of the midwest and most parts
               | of the south.
               | 
               | Even on the coasts $525K for a 2 bed condo is a Big City
               | thing. E.g., $500-$700K is the going rate for 2 bed
               | condos in most of Boston, but drive an hour away from
               | Boston in any direction? Not so much. Hell, even
               | Wakefield has a 2 bed condo below $300K and that's only a
               | 25 minute drive. And that's one of the more expensive
               | housing markets in the US.
               | 
               | Living 20 minutes from major city centers via public
               | transit has become a luxury, sure. But it's just not
               | accurate to say that $525K for a 2 bed condo is "normal"
               | in the US. It's not. It's quite specific to a very high
               | CoL markets.
        
               | ok_coo wrote:
               | Our old apartment in Chicago, which was in a nice
               | neighborhood had its rent prices drop by at least
               | $500/month. It might be more now.
               | 
               | When I look at real estate in general in Chicago, it's
               | been dropping a little, not a ton, but it's not like how
               | other are describing the huge increase in housing costs
               | in other parts of the country.
               | 
               | It seems like there are big regional differences going on
               | with housing costs in the US. Supply/demand and policy
               | I'm guessing are making the difference.
        
               | dominotw wrote:
               | Ah yea i see what you mean. that might be an exception to
               | suburbs of altanta. It was just an example of insanity of
               | housing market in USA. I was not implying that the going
               | price of condo.
        
               | jbay808 wrote:
               | > But, this describes maybe a few dozen housing markets.
               | Probably only a couple dozen if you cut out resort/ski
               | towns. It's a regional problem
               | 
               | It, uh, describes all of Canada actually.
               | 
               | https://www.reuters.com/article/us-canada-economy-
               | housing-an...
        
           | itsdsmurrell wrote:
           | This. Let's take back the power (but don't be like this
           | guy)... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yM4gNVme5a0
        
           | RobertoG wrote:
           | Inflation can be created, basically, by two things, an excess
           | of demand respect to what the economy can produce or problems
           | of supply.
           | 
           | Personally, I'm surprise at how robust are the global supply
           | chains that have been able to keep things more or less normal
           | despise what we have been through the last year.
           | 
           | The quantity of reserves created by the Central Banks are
           | irrelevant if they are not spend in the economy. There are
           | two effects to this "printing money": one is that the
           | interest rate goes down facilitating borrowing from the
           | private sector. The second is that governments have the
           | ammunition to spend in stimulus. If the two things happen we
           | could see inflation, but, notice that this the desired
           | effect: compensate for a fall in the normal demand in the
           | economy.
           | 
           | >" [..] central banks over the world have printed an
           | astronomical amount of money. Even though they may state
           | there is no significant inflation, I dont buy it [..]"
           | 
           | It seems to me that, in your model of the world, this should
           | be leading to hyperinflation. If this is the case, my model
           | of the world is wrong and I will make an effort to change it.
           | I wish all the people has been predicting hyperinflation the
           | last 30 years did the same if it doesn't happen. Somehow, I
           | doubt it.
           | 
           | By now, the quantity theory of money based in the fractional
           | reserve banking model should be discredited.
        
             | Threeve303 wrote:
             | The examples given above seem like a textbook definition of
             | inflation inside of a closed loop economic system. That is
             | not what the U.S. has and it's definitely not the situation
             | if a country has a reserve currency. The Triffin dilemma
             | may hold the answer in that as you supply your currency to
             | the rest of the world, you are creating local deflationary
             | effects while essentially exporting inflation.
             | 
             | When the rest of the world begins using other systems than
             | the reserve currency to conduct trade, the end result is
             | that the inflation returns home as demand for your currency
             | drops.
        
               | RobertoG wrote:
               | The grandparent says explicitly in the comment "all the
               | central banks". We are not talking specifically about the
               | USA.
               | 
               | Anyway, the "reserve currency" excuse doesn't explain
               | Japan in the last 20 years or the Euro in the last ten.
               | The theory is just wrong. I don't know what more have to
               | happen for people changing their minds.
               | 
               | It's spending what can generate inflation, specifically,
               | spending above what the economy can produce. If Biden
               | tomorrow created a trillion dollar coin and keep it under
               | their bed, there will not be inflation. If the Central
               | Banks create reserves, the interest rate will fall to
               | zero (but not more), and if, despise the low interest
               | rates, nobody is borrowing, there will not be inflation.
        
               | Threeve303 wrote:
               | I was referring more to your comment that inflation can
               | be caused by only two things. It's much more complicated
               | than that. In fact, if you were able to predict such
               | things with an accuracy matching the confidence of your
               | position, you would be a very wealthy person indeed.
        
               | neilwilson wrote:
               | Inflation is caused by somebody asking for more money and
               | somebody else paying it.
               | 
               | That's a failure of competition keeping prices in check,
               | and little else.
               | 
               | The wealthy person you are looking for is Warren Mosler.
               | He retired to the US Virgin Islands many years ago having
               | made a fortune off the back of people who believed in the
               | Quantity Theory of Money
               | 
               | You can read his conclusions in the book "Soft Currency
               | Economics".
        
         | baybal2 wrote:
         | Last year we had:
         | 
         | 1. Biblical scale locust infestation in much of Africa, and
         | Asia
         | 
         | 2. Floods in East Asia
         | 
         | 3. Early winter in Russia, Ukraine, and North China
         | 
         | 4. Failed, and missed sowing of grains in much of above regions
         | 
         | 5. Shipping disruptions, and resulting food spoilage, and waste
         | 
         | 6. Granaries busted, and people burning through many months
         | worth of grain, and flour in much of third world due to initial
         | COVID panic
         | 
         | 7. Financial speculators having the best field run on
         | agriculture in decades
         | 
         | 8. Anxiety about point 6 repeating runs on food wholesalers
         | again
         | 
         | https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/12/10/nobel-winner-wfp-w...
        
           | imtringued wrote:
           | That aljazeera link doesn't sit right with me.
           | 
           | I mean, just look at that first picture. It's a small child
           | sitting in a sandy place with a stainless steel bowl with
           | porridge like food inside. There is no civilization in sight.
           | Maybe some village houses, which represent the bare minimum
           | shelter needed. So now you get to ask yourself, should I feel
           | pity or should I recognize that this child is not living in
           | an environment that is conductive to escaping poverty? If I
           | do take pity, will people pity me if I do a hike without food
           | and end up starving on some forest path far away from
           | civilization? I somehow doubt they would pity me.
           | 
           | My point is, this problem is fundamentally unsolvable without
           | either bringing civilization to these people or bringing the
           | people to civilization. Taking pity on them doesn't do
           | anything except maybe convince yourself that you did your
           | part.
           | 
           | Fighting against world hunger feels like a worthy goal that
           | is fulfillable but it isn't. You don't solve world hunger by
           | feeding people, you solve it by restructuring society.
        
             | boomboomsubban wrote:
             | Have you ever left a city? Even in some suburbs it's
             | possible to take a picture of someone with only a few
             | houses behind them. In my smallish town, only tens of
             | thousands of people, I live next to the busiest road and I
             | could find an equally barren background about three blocks
             | away.
             | 
             | Not living in an urban environment is not devoid of
             | civilization.
        
             | meepmorp wrote:
             | No civilization in sight? There are actual houses in the
             | background of that photo.
        
             | dagaci wrote:
             | For context the photo is actually from May 1, 2012: "two-
             | year-old Aliou Seyni Diallo eats dry couscous given to him
             | by a neighbor, after he collapsed in tears of hunger in the
             | village of Goudoude Diobe, in the Matam region of
             | northeastern Senegal"
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Sahel_drought
             | 
             | they are thought to be becoming more frequent
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel_drought
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | Bizarre line of reasoning. If you want "something to be
             | done", pity is one of the first steps to motivating that.
             | It's not an either/or.
        
             | kingkawn wrote:
             | You gotta feed people to be able to do the restructuring.
             | Your logic is hollow to someone starving.
             | 
             | Also impressive you've attempted to resurrect the idea of
             | "civilizing" people.
        
               | brongondwana wrote:
               | What do you mean by 'resurrect the idea of "civilizing"
               | people'?
               | 
               | It smells remarkably like you're trying to manufacture a
               | culture war out of whole cloth when the the comment
               | you're replying to was talking about "bringing
               | civilisation" which is quite clearly being used in the
               | with the meaning of "infrastructure", not the meaning of
               | "white western culture".
        
               | raul-pilla wrote:
               | So you're a proponent of the "give the fish" and not
               | "teach to fish"? If the supplies flowing to them stop
               | they starve again, so I am not sure you're right.
        
               | dguaraglia wrote:
               | Strange thought for someone writing a reply on a message
               | board using a device there's no way they could build from
               | scratch.
               | 
               | We've structured society in a way that not everyone needs
               | to be a farmer (or microchip designer/electronic factory
               | line worker) for people to obtain food/devices that
               | access the internet. Are you a proponent of 'give the
               | fish' because you didn't build the device you are typing
               | in?
        
               | quintushoratius wrote:
               | You can both give a person a fish, and at the same time
               | teach them to fish as well. It is not, and never should
               | have been presented as, an either/or argument.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | (and sometimes, you have to fix the injuries preventing
               | them from being able to even hold the fishing pole)
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | I think the biggest risk here - and the reason why
               | talking about "bringing civilization" anywhere attracts
               | strong pushback - is that historically, what happened was
               | people ending up held hostage over supply of fishing
               | equipment.
               | 
               | Giving hungry people fish obviously isn't a good
               | solution, because then the fish giver becomes a SPOF. But
               | also because the fish giver now has power over the
               | hungry, and some givers will abuse it. Teaching people to
               | fish doesn't work if they're still hungry. It also
               | doesn't work if you're teaching methods that they can't
               | employ. If your solution to the last problem is _giving_
               | (especially licensing) them means to do fishing, then we
               | 're back to square one, with you being SPOF/risk of
               | becoming exploitative.
               | 
               | The solution has to be helping people build self-
               | sufficiency. That may involve giving money, or donating
               | equipment and know-how - but with no strings attached,
               | including non-obvious ones like "you'll have to buy spare
               | parts from us, because your industry can't make them".
               | The goal here is not absolute self-sufficiency (nobody
               | truly has that), but avoiding the situation in which
               | given society's affairs are being managed by outsiders,
               | under threat of starvation or illness.
        
               | propertymagnate wrote:
               | I read SPOF as Single Point Of Fish at first.
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | Suspicious Provider of Fish.
        
               | UncleMeat wrote:
               | How many farms have you seen in big cities?
        
       | xyst wrote:
       | Rising food costs. Rising housing costs. Rising unemployment and
       | stagnating wages.
       | 
       | Another crash coming in the next couple of years?
        
         | vsareto wrote:
         | Housing has been rising for a long time. Wages have been
         | stagnant for a long time as well. I'm fairly certain food
         | prices won't be the cause here.
         | 
         | We printed our way out of a pandemic recession, so who knows
         | what other nuclear options will be used to avoid near-term
         | recessions.
        
         | randerson wrote:
         | Don't forget soaring stock prices too.
         | 
         | Sure all feels like inflation to me.
        
           | lottin wrote:
           | Sure, but inflation is not a feeling. It needs to be
           | estimated using a statistical methodology.
        
             | reedjosh wrote:
             | Sure, but inflation should be viewed as individual vectors.
             | 
             | Each vector corresponding to a delta of price and time in a
             | generalized location for a specific good.
             | 
             | Something like the CPI cannot be a hard science as it
             | refuses to acknowledge that each and every person will
             | experience inflation based on the inflationary vectors of
             | goods and services multiplied by a persons relative use of
             | said goods and services.
             | 
             | Every person experiences a unique inflation rate, and to
             | try and average that in something as wholly simplistic as a
             | basket of goods is pure chicanery aimed at making this
             | topic intractable.
        
               | lottin wrote:
               | That would be the cost of living for a particular person.
               | Inflation is not that. It's literally a change in the
               | price level of an economy, and what they are trying to
               | measure is exactly that.
        
               | reedjosh wrote:
               | Yes, the average of the above for the entire economy. I
               | agree, but the methodology of CPI does not at all match
               | anything grounded in the averaging of the above logic.
               | 
               | A proper measure of inflation should start from the
               | individual level and reason from there.
               | 
               | So if on average 1 loaf of bread is bought by a US
               | consumer and a loaf of bread's rate of inflation is
               | increasing(or even decreasing) by %x, and that's %y of
               | the average consumer's expenditure, then that should
               | contribute %x*%y of the overall inflation rate
               | experienced by the average American consumer.
               | 
               | Clearly this is a complex line of reasoning, but it
               | should be the basis of thought on measuring inflation.
               | Yet, housing and medical expenditure are not even
               | considered in CPI. CPI is a terrible measure that I
               | believe was designed to obfuscate.
        
               | lottin wrote:
               | Housing and health expenditure are listed as components
               | of the CPI [0], so it's almost certain that they're
               | included in its calculation.
               | 
               | Again, inflation means an increase in the general price
               | level. An increase in the price of bread is not
               | inflation, because the price of bread is not the price
               | level. It can be used as a data point to try to estimate
               | a change in the price level, but by itself it doesn't
               | tell us anything about the inflation rate (unless of
               | course bread is the only good being produced in the
               | economy).
               | 
               | [0] https://www.bls.gov/cpi/tables/relative-
               | importance/2020.htm
        
             | dominotw wrote:
             | It is a feeling to ppl who want to start a family, buy a
             | house. Official Inflation doesn't count for those. What
             | else is the word that we can use here?
        
               | lottin wrote:
               | In my opinion it's a perceived increase in prices, which
               | may or may not real, and may or may not have to do with
               | inflation.
        
               | dominotw wrote:
               | Not quite sure what you mean by 'may not real'. Its not
               | possible for most ordinary ppl to even think about buying
               | a house right now. Why isn't this a concern for policy
               | makers.
        
               | lottin wrote:
               | I mean that the prices need to be measured objectively,
               | because people aren't very good a tracking prices. They
               | may think prices have risen when they have not.
        
               | asdff wrote:
               | Cost of living.
        
               | dominotw wrote:
               | rents are falling though. so not the same.
        
               | asdff wrote:
               | Rents are falling slightly in dense urban areas that were
               | already inflated from a decades long surge (65% in LA,
               | 30% nationally [1]), but are actually increasing in
               | suburban areas [2]. In those areas, the increases are
               | affecting all sectors of the market:
               | 
               | "Overall, CoStar data show the largest rent increases
               | have come in higher-end properties, where average rent
               | for a vacant unit in the Inland Empire has grown 9.3%
               | over the last year, compared with the previous four-year
               | average of 3.8%.
               | 
               | In older, more rundown properties where lower-income
               | households are likely to live, rent is up 3.4%, compared
               | with the previous four-year average of 4.9%."
               | 
               | 1. https://www.latimes.com/business/real-
               | estate/story/2019-12-2...
               | 
               | 2.
               | https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2020-11-23/rent-
               | falli...
        
           | dominotw wrote:
           | Talking about inflation seems to have turned into some sort
           | of political issue. I know I can feel the prices rising
           | everywhere. But ppl counter it immediately by saying 'fed has
           | tools like increasing interest rates if it really becomes a
           | problem, they know better than you'
        
             | reedjosh wrote:
             | > Talking about inflation seems to have turned into some
             | sort of political issue.
             | 
             | It is political. The method in which inflation is created
             | benefits bankers via interest. Further, higher inflation
             | widens the divide between the asset class and the rest of
             | us.
             | 
             | However, the mainline (I would say propaganda) is that
             | `...they know better than you` where `they` are unelected
             | technocrats.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | This article is about food prices in developing nations like
         | Indonesia. It's not about food costs in countries like the
         | United States.
         | 
         | The article mentions that US food prices are inflating at a
         | much more pedestrian 3%:
         | 
         | > In the U.S., prices rose close to 3% in the year ending Jan.
         | 2, according to NielsenIQ, roughly double the overall rate of
         | inflation.
        
         | dijit wrote:
         | Are you kidding. There will be an insane recession, if not a
         | depression.
         | 
         | Capitalist economies have a short boom bust cycle and a long
         | one. Short ones cause recessions every 10-20 years. Long ones
         | cause depressions every 100~ years.
         | 
         | It was clearly stated that Covid (if nothing else) could easily
         | cause a recession, with other factors played in as well then it
         | could easily trigger a depression.
        
           | luxuryballs wrote:
           | These boom bust cycles are caused by fiat money, inflationary
           | debt/spending, government stimulus and over regulation that
           | causes false market signals and creates bubbles, it's not a
           | capitalism problem, capitalism would be the solution.
        
             | sudosysgen wrote:
             | You have to face reality at some point. Literally every
             | single capitalist economy, any time, anywhere, with or
             | without fiat money, at all practically possible levels of
             | stimulus, and regulation, has gone through a boom/bust
             | cycle.
             | 
             | If anything, they got better since the introduction of
             | Keynesianism, not worse.
             | 
             | It's inherent to capitalism. Don't try to delude yourself.
        
               | jerf wrote:
               | It isn't just "capitalism", it's inherent to economics,
               | period. One of the valuable lessons of studying
               | differential equations is just how easy it is to have
               | cyclic behavior appear. Anywhere you have a the size of a
               | change in velocity that is the negative of how far the
               | value is away from some baseline... in other words, the
               | second derivative is negative... you almost certainly
               | have a cycle of some sort showing up. (Technically it can
               | be avoided, but a lot of those ways are physically
               | implausible.) Negative second derivatives are going to be
               | pretty common.
               | 
               | (It doesn't have to be "pure". "Simple harmonic motion"
               | is the result of when the negative second derivative
               | fully characterizes a system. There are, of course,
               | plenty of systems that aren't as simple, and things get
               | complicated... but where ever you get a significant
               | negative second derivative you've got a system that is
               | going to exhibit _some_ sort of cyclic behavior, even the
               | the cycles vary wildly in size, duration, how fractal the
               | value behaves on smaller time scales, etc.)
        
               | sudosysgen wrote:
               | Economies do not necessarily have to follow differential
               | equations with highly volatile second derivatives.
               | 
               | In fact, historically, they haven't.
               | 
               | This is only possible because of the volatility of
               | capital markets that lead to even higher volatility in
               | production which leads to volatility in general markets
               | which leads to volatility in capital markets again -
               | there is a loop of unstable prices.
               | 
               | And this loop is the unique and defining feature of
               | capitalism. It didn't exist before capitalism, and in
               | experiments like those of the Soviet Union, it didn't
               | exist either, because there were no capital markets at
               | all.
               | 
               | What you're describing is a behaviour of capital markets,
               | but due to a lack of perspective it's described as a
               | behaviour of economies in general - and it isn't.
        
             | BostonEnginerd wrote:
             | Weren't there a number of long painful recessions in the US
             | during the 1800s - when currency was tied to gold?
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | Yes, and the most accepted theory nowadays is that gold-
               | tied money was a leading cause of the ~10y cycle we saw
               | at the 18th century.
               | 
               | As soon as countries adopted fiat money, that one cycle
               | mostly disappeared and even its timing became much more
               | variable. But there are a lot of confounding factors, so
               | this isn't the smoking gun it appears at first.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | gher-shyu3i wrote:
             | Fiat money is the outcome of unfettered capitalism. The
             | government needs money to pay its loans that it took with
             | interest, so what does it do? Detach the currency from
             | anything tangible like gold or other precious metals, then
             | print more money as it desires, devaluing the hard work of
             | people who are trying to save money.
             | 
             | There's a reason that interest and usury are prohibited in
             | Islam, Judaism, and Christianity.
             | 
             | Market competition is good. Interest and usury are
             | destructive dangerous practices.
        
               | zo1 wrote:
               | So in the same paragraph you blame capitalism for
               | something the government does without our consent? We
               | have to at least assign blame equally, instead of picking
               | and choosing which involved systems and actors to blame.
               | Especially if we can't agree on the actual causes.
               | 
               | On a side note: I have seen some good
               | analysis/speculation/theorizing done about how
               | interest/loaning would work in a world without
               | government-regulation. Have a look, there may be some
               | redemption in those concepts for you if you divorce them
               | from government meddling (which I would posit, causes a
               | huge chunk of all the evils we blame on capitalism).
        
               | gher-shyu3i wrote:
               | We have to move away from interest as an underlying
               | mechanism, it's one of the root causes of the chaos in
               | today's financial world.
               | 
               | The superior model is investments, similar to how VCs
               | invest in companies in exchange for equity. Loans are to
               | be relegated to charity only. If we apply all this, loans
               | will become close to non-existent. We have seen this
               | successfully work because interest is prohibited in
               | Islam, yet it was able to flourish especially in the
               | Islamic Golden Age to push the boundaries of knowledge
               | and science and exploration, during a time where Europe
               | was in the dark ages.
        
               | Miraste wrote:
               | How do you reconcile your idea that Islamic banking
               | systems will lead to no inflation with the inflation
               | rates of countries that have large Islamic banks, which
               | are much higher than the US?
        
               | reedjosh wrote:
               | > The government needs money to pay its loans that it
               | took with interest, so what does it do? Detach the
               | currency from anything tangible like gold or other
               | precious metals, then print more money as it desires.
               | 
               | That sounds like a government problem--not a capitalism
               | problem. Though I do agree that this is the heart of the
               | fiat issue.
        
               | lottin wrote:
               | People don't save money. They save consumption, and the
               | savings are in the form of money or other assets.
        
               | gher-shyu3i wrote:
               | If I have $10 from 10 years ago, they're worth less
               | today. The government's incompetence and engagement in
               | usury has caused my money to lose value.
        
               | lottin wrote:
               | They are pretty competent at getting inflation to the
               | intended target. Maybe you're missing something?
        
               | gher-shyu3i wrote:
               | There shouldn't be a target. I don't want my money to be
               | inflated artificially by the government.
        
               | lottin wrote:
               | Okay, then say you disagree with the target, but don't
               | say they are incompetent.
        
               | gher-shyu3i wrote:
               | Why? The very fact that they are engaging in usurious
               | loans is a sign of incompetence. Who ends up paying for
               | it? The hard working people trying to save money.
        
               | hedora wrote:
               | Save the money in a way that encourages economic growth
               | (buy stocks, invest in a small business, etc).
        
               | gher-shyu3i wrote:
               | So they're forcing me how to spend my money. What if I
               | don't want to engage in interest (practically all
               | companies deal with interest in one form or another), so
               | when I buy their stocks I'm dealing with interest in some
               | form.
        
               | lottin wrote:
               | Do you really expect the entire country to change its
               | monetary policy in order to accommodate the peculiar way
               | in which you conduct your finances? That doesn't seem
               | very reasonable.
        
               | gher-shyu3i wrote:
               | Well, then let people keep crying everytime the market
               | crashes due to the destructive practice that underly it.
               | As I said, Islam, Christianity, and Judaism prohibit
               | interest, we don't learn from history.
        
               | thehappypm wrote:
               | Why do you feel that a dollar bill needs to buy exactly
               | the same amount of real-world stuff in a decade's time?
               | Cash is not an investment, so why do you expect it to be
               | one?
        
               | JoeAltmaier wrote:
               | As population grows and goods get cheaper, it can work
               | the other way too. That can make money more scarce and
               | more valuable.
               | 
               | Economics is complicated. Pointing to one lever and
               | saying "I understand the whole machine" is lazy. I call
               | it 'playing dot to dot'. If you just draw lines between
               | any dots you please, you can make the picture look like
               | anything you want.
               | 
               | But there is a real picture there, it has lots of dots,
               | and its worth understanding. Pontificating on the
               | internet is not showing real understanding.
        
               | gher-shyu3i wrote:
               | That's why we also should use a bartering system to keep
               | things in check, just like how societies survived for
               | thousands of years.
               | 
               | I'm not claiming to understand the whole machine,
               | however, we know for certain there are rotten practices
               | that make the machine unstable and also much more
               | difficult to understand. Interest and usury are at the
               | core, along with other things that are prohibited by
               | Islam (e.g. selling things that you don't own and several
               | more).
               | 
               | Once those are removed, the system will become much more
               | stable, fair, and better off for everyone.
        
               | pram wrote:
               | Currency debasement is a pretty ancient phenomenon. It's
               | also not usury.
        
               | gher-shyu3i wrote:
               | The usury comes from the government taking loans with
               | interest, so it is forced to print more money to cover
               | its deficits which keep growing due to interest.
        
               | zo1 wrote:
               | Printing money is the problem there, not interest. If you
               | banned interest/loaning, you could still end up having
               | inflation because government would print money (or do
               | other things such as https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coin#D
               | ebasement_and_clipping ).
        
               | gher-shyu3i wrote:
               | It's a combination of interest as well as printing money.
               | Interest keeps the deficit growing, forcing the
               | government to print money. If we switch to a non-
               | inflationary currency not at the control of a single
               | entity, these wouldn't happen.
        
               | the_only_law wrote:
               | Funny enough this is exactly what happened my last EU4
               | game.
        
               | swiley wrote:
               | I'm pretty sure interest isn't prohibited in Christianity
               | (not protestant Christianity anyway.)
        
               | gher-shyu3i wrote:
               | It was prohibited in early Christianity before the Church
               | gave in and allowed it.
        
               | swiley wrote:
               | I'd like to hear your source for this.
        
               | gher-shyu3i wrote:
               | There's information on Wikipedia, even though Wikipedia
               | is generally not a good source on nuanced religious
               | topics. I found many incorrect things mentioned about
               | Islam for example (I'm Muslim).
               | 
               | > At times, many nations from ancient Greece to ancient
               | Rome have outlawed loans with any interest. Though the
               | Roman Empire eventually allowed loans with carefully
               | restricted interest rates, the Catholic Church in
               | medieval Europe, as well as the Reformed Churches,
               | regarded the charging of interest at any rate as sinful
               | (as well as charging a fee for the use of money, such as
               | at a bureau de change). [1]
               | 
               | So we see how the Church changed its opinion over time.
               | They weaseled their way out of the prohibition, and today
               | they don't say anything. Separation of Church and State
               | also made it easier to engage in these sorts of
               | practices.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usury
        
           | gambiting wrote:
           | Can you explain the difference between those, for those of us
           | who are not well versed in economics terms?
        
             | hedora wrote:
             | They differ in magnitude, and (according to some) duration.
             | Roughly speaking, a depression is a loss of more than 10%
             | of economic output:
             | 
             | https://www.thoughtco.com/difference-between-a-recession-
             | and...
        
             | Hammershaft wrote:
             | A recession is an actual economic term, a depression is a
             | cultural term with no economic definition that basically
             | means "a massive terrible recession".
        
             | tony0x02 wrote:
             | Not OP, but I recommend watching the "Economic machine" by
             | Dalio.
        
         | dijit wrote:
         | I got massively downvoted in my other comment for pointing out
         | that there are boom and bust cycles and that COVID just brought
         | ours closer to one of the larger bust cycles, but in the
         | interest of informing (I wrote that on a phone) I found a link
         | which explains it much better than I could[0].
         | 
         | I highly recommend taking 30 minutes to watch it, the person
         | speaking is a well regarded economist.
         | 
         | [0]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PHe0bXAIuk0
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | >I highly recommend taking 30 minutes to watch it, the person
           | speaking is a well regarded economist.
           | 
           | You mean Ray Dalio? Wikipedia says he's a hedge fund manager
           | and has a MBA, but no economics degree.
        
       | thehappypm wrote:
       | "Soaring" is 3% now?
        
         | BitwiseFool wrote:
         | Hackernews user slams journalists using cliche headline
         | vocabulary. The full-throated criticism was not met with a
         | response, the silence is deafening.
        
       | Wolfenstein98k wrote:
       | " _Food Prices Are Soaring Faster Than Inflation and Incomes_ "
       | 
       | ...Food price rises ARE inflation!
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | From the article:
         | 
         | > In the U.S., prices rose close to 3% in the year ending Jan.
         | 2, according to NielsenIQ, roughly double the overall rate of
         | inflation.
         | 
         | The study found that food prices are rising faster than
         | inflation.
         | 
         | 3% is high, and 1.5% over inflation is also concerning, but I
         | think a lot of people are jumping to conclusions based on the
         | headline. Those inflation numbers would go unnoticed by most
         | during normal times. We're only seeing these headlines because
         | inflation is a popular media topic right now.
        
           | AuthorizedCust wrote:
           | Do we have a way of seeing periodic media obsessions? Seems
           | like a good AI challenge, although would require a good
           | corpus.
           | 
           | I saw another analysis suggesting a 75% drop in media
           | coverage of Biden vs. Trump, at this same point in each's
           | presidency. That's a useful statistic that I have a hard time
           | finding in a comprehensive way.
        
             | sandworm101 wrote:
             | >> Do we have a way of seeing periodic media obsessions?
             | 
             | We have dozens. Countless companies have tools to show you
             | how things are happening on social media, and all the big
             | new outlets mirror their content to social media. At the
             | most simple level, basic word counts can track how issues
             | appear and disappear. When you hear about a 75% drop in
             | coverage of "Biden v. Trump" that is almost certainly taken
             | from the number of times those two names are included in
             | news reports. Counting words or highlighting the use of new
             | words does not require AI.
        
               | AuthorizedCust wrote:
               | Topic modeling is a better technique than simple word
               | counts. Topic modeling can use ML.
        
           | evrydayhustling wrote:
           | Disagree that this is alarmism. The question is whether the
           | way inflation is being measured matches the way we use it to
           | make decisions. Graphs like AEI's Chart of the Century [1]
           | have been highlighting for years that inflation numbers are
           | inappropriately averaging decreasing costs for discretionary
           | purchases, while costs for essentials like healthcare and
           | education grow out of control. When food also starts
           | outpacing the average (historically it has paralleled wages
           | in the USA), you really have to ask what inflation is
           | measuring.
           | 
           | Low inflation is essential to justifying the monetary easing
           | policies that have been sustaining the stock market through
           | the pandemic... so it is important for everyone to keep an
           | eye on how dialog changes around these numbers.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.aei.org/carpe-diem/chart-of-the-day-or-
           | century-3...
        
             | bradleyjg wrote:
             | Education and healthcare have pathological cost growth in
             | large part because they aren't subject to ordinary market
             | pressures (the consumers are either over a barrel and can't
             | say no or aren't paying in the first place). We need to fix
             | them but it would be a mistake to let those pathologies
             | drive monetary policy.
        
             | PragmaticPulp wrote:
             | The food inflation number was isolated in the article to be
             | around 3%.
             | 
             | Much of that increase can be traced back to increased
             | shipping costs during COVID lockdown.
             | 
             | Monetary policy isn't the only or even the primary driver
             | of inflation. In this case, the inflation comes from
             | increases demand on a portion of the food supply chain
             | (shipping services).
             | 
             | The alarmism in the comment section largely comes from
             | people misreading the headline. The article is about
             | soaring food costs in developing nations, but the comment
             | section is treating the headline as if it's about US food
             | prices.
        
               | evrydayhustling wrote:
               | The article also discussed the fact that US prices are
               | temporarily buffered by the supply chain but that big
               | providers like GM are discussing price increases do to
               | sustained cost increases. This is alongside existing
               | practices like shrinkflation that make it harder for a
               | CPI to accurately benchmark costs. It makes sense that
               | articles and readers are looking for leading indicators.
        
               | nonidentified wrote:
               | > Monetary policy isn't the only or even the primary
               | driver of inflation.
               | 
               | After two degrees in economics, my perception is that
               | monetary policy is definitely considered a primary driver
               | of inflation, probably THE primary driver. But this is
               | probably irrelevant - see below.
               | 
               | > In this case, the inflation comes from increases demand
               | on a portion of the food supply chain (shipping
               | services).
               | 
               | Yes, for example: "in North America... a shortage of both
               | shipping containers and truck drivers".
               | 
               | > The alarmism in the comment section largely comes from
               | people misreading the headline.
               | 
               | To me, it feels alarmist for Bloomberg to consistently
               | say "inflation" instead of "price increases" throughout
               | the article. A temporary problem with supply/demand is
               | not the same as inflation. Food prices will almost
               | certainly fall back to their normal trajectory within a
               | year or two, once supply/demand normalizes, whereas if
               | there was truly inflation that would almost certainly NOT
               | occur.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | > Graphs like AEI's Chart of the Century [1] have been
             | highlighting for years that inflation numbers are
             | inappropriately averaging decreasing costs for
             | discretionary purchases, while costs for essentials like
             | healthcare and education grow out of control.
             | 
             | To be fair, three out of the seven categories that are
             | under inflation can also be considered "essential". Imagine
             | the outrage if cars (or more generally, transport) and
             | clothing increased 2x over inflation, or if
             | cellphone/internet access became less and less affordable
             | (remember all the "internet should be an essential service"
             | headlines at the start of the pandemic?).
        
             | leetcrew wrote:
             | > When food also starts outpacing the average (historically
             | it has paralleled wages in the USA), you really have to ask
             | what inflation is measuring.
             | 
             | inflation is measuring the value of a currency. CPI is a
             | way to infer inflation from the nominal price of consumer
             | goods; but it is not the definition of inflation. put
             | another way, if an apple costs twice as much as it did last
             | year, that fact is not enough to say whether the currency
             | inflated.
        
         | kjrose wrote:
         | "Food prices are not properly accounted for in inflation
         | measures"
         | 
         | There, fixed the headline.
        
           | EGreg wrote:
           | No, one component of "inflation" (defined as the rise in the
           | consumer price index) rises much faster than the others.
        
             | makomk wrote:
             | It's entirely possible that all the things in the consumer
             | price index and other measures of inflation rise overall
             | faster than the headline inflation measures - they do some
             | weird things with weighting and so-called hedonistic
             | adjustments which means that it's probably literally
             | impossible for someone to experience inflation that low.
             | For example, they compensate for the supposed increase in
             | values from, say, flash drives increasing in size,
             | computers in speed, and TVs in size in a way that doesn't
             | make sense if you can't even save money by buying a smaller
             | flash drive or slower computer, or you need a faster PC to
             | do the same things, or if the 32 inch TVs have the same
             | resolution, sound and picture quality as a 24 inch of
             | yesteryear and you have to go up to 40-50 inches to get
             | something actually equivalent in quality to a 32 inch TV
             | from years ago.
             | 
             | For a while, one of the key US inflation measures even
             | assumed that if people's medication went up in price
             | massively they'd substitute it for whatever medicine hadn't
             | exploded in price even if it was for some completely
             | different condition! And I'm not convinced that, even for
             | things which genuinely are substitutable like different
             | kinds of food, it's actually possible over the long term to
             | substitute your spending in a way that matches up with
             | official inflation figures.
        
         | swiley wrote:
         | I've been saying this about housing for a while.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | lmohseni wrote:
         | I have a pretty imperfect understanding of inflation, but
         | wouldn't increased food and energy prices mean that a consumer
         | will have less money to spend on discretionary purchases? Ie,
         | aren't food price rises DEflationary?
        
         | eru wrote:
         | Food is just one part of the basket.
        
         | ErikAugust wrote:
         | So what gives?
         | 
         | Does anyone have the data sets and the formulas used to
         | calculate the CPI? No, I don't think so, because they are
         | hidden.
         | 
         | Until the data used to calculate the CPI is open, it is all
         | speculation.
        
           | fennecfoxen wrote:
           | https://download.bls.gov/pub/time.series/
           | 
           | Be sure to refer to overview.txt and for more high-level
           | details refer to https://www.bls.gov/cpi/data.htm and
           | https://www.bls.gov/cpi/methods-overview.htm -- you might
           | also find relevant information on weighting here
           | https://www.bls.gov/cpi/tables/relative-importance/home.htm
           | 
           | Typical entries in the AP (Average Price) series look like:
           | APU0000701322 2015 M05 1.335
           | 
           | where APU0000701322 is a pound of spaghetti or macaroni, and
           | M05 is May.
           | 
           | I thought of telling you off for spreading misinformation to
           | incite, but I figured that saying it this would gets my point
           | across more strongly.
        
             | edoceo wrote:
             | You made the right choice and those links were helpful.
        
             | ErikAugust wrote:
             | An "Average Price" has to be calculated from survey data.
             | 
             | That survey data is what is not open as far as I know:
             | https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/cpi/data.htm.
        
           | ed25519FUUU wrote:
           | That's a good point. The CPI has a huge impact on policy and
           | really just about every financial thing in our lives. It's
           | kind of insane that we don't have good visibility and
           | oversight into it!
        
         | danvoell wrote:
         | Thanks for posting, that was my question when I saw the
         | headline.
        
         | 0x008 wrote:
         | We should say "food prices are soaring faster than the average
         | price of the consumer price index basket."
        
           | Wolfenstein98k wrote:
           | I agree. I may be being pedantic, but I think food prices are
           | (or should be) the first and most important component of what
           | we measure inflation with.
           | 
           | It's much clearer to say "the rest of the basket hasn't risen
           | above normal yet, but I am concerned the headline I quoted
           | will mislead people who don't understand inflation.
        
             | EGreg wrote:
             | You are making a lot of assumptions here. Chief among them
             | is that the price of food must always be strongly tied to
             | the prices of other things in the consumer price index. But
             | clearly, that does not need to be the case. Especially
             | after how unsustainably humans use farmland:
             | 
             | https://amp.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/02/arable-
             | l...
        
             | KptMarchewa wrote:
             | Why? Food prices are usually few percent (6-18% in the
             | western countries) of total household expenses. If you want
             | to look at something that impacts people way more, look at
             | rent or house prices.
        
               | dwighttk wrote:
               | Pretty sure (couldn't read most of the article, paywall)
               | this is talking about worldwide though. (First word of
               | the article is "Global")
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | >> Food prices are usually few percent (6-18% in the
               | western countries) of total household expenses.
               | 
               | Maybe for rich people. If you have an income of
               | 2000/month, with the first 1000 or so going to rent, food
               | is likely your second largest expense.
        
               | em500 wrote:
               | Here are the most recent weights for official US CPI
               | calculations: https://www.bls.gov/cpi/tables/relative-
               | importance/2020.htm
               | 
               | Housing is by far the largest component (42%) (contrary
               | to the common misconception that housing is not in the
               | CPI), followed by Food and Beverages (15%) and
               | Transportation (15%). If you want to up-weight food, you
               | must necessarily down-weight some other component. The
               | prime candidate would be shelter (most other categories
               | are already much smaller than food), but that's of course
               | not the answer that CPI-doubters are looking for.
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | But the CPI targets a generic US consumer. I would argue
               | that poor people have a different priority list than the
               | rich. The US economy is increasingly polarized with a
               | widening gap between rich and poor.
               | 
               | I am curious as to whether the CPI targets the average
               | person or the average consumer. Rich people spend more.
               | They consumer more and are therefore overrepresented in
               | most consumer-related measurements. Is the CPI meant as a
               | measure of the cost of living or a tool for the
               | calculation of available spending power?
        
         | galangalalgol wrote:
         | Are they saying that food prices are driving the inflation vs
         | the other factors? Housing is going up fast too isn't it?
        
           | eru wrote:
           | What do you mean by 'driving'?
           | 
           | Causally, inflation in the US is driven by the Fed's 2%
           | average inflation target.
           | 
           | How those 2% distribute amongst the basket of good is a
           | different question, of course.
        
           | bradleyjg wrote:
           | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CUSR0000SEHC
           | 
           | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CUUR0000SEHA
           | 
           | I believe those are the two housing sub components of the
           | basket, with owners' equivalent rent weighted more than the
           | rent one. Eyeballing it they both look under 2%.
        
         | lottin wrote:
         | Food price rises are not inflation. Inflation is an increase in
         | the general price level, and specifically it's not an increase
         | in the prices of a selected set of goods.
        
           | sayakura wrote:
           | It is the inflation for the poorest population. What does it
           | matter that 4k tv's are cheaper to people who spend all their
           | money on necessities.
        
             | lottin wrote:
             | Call it a price rise. But it's not inflation. You don't get
             | to re-define what economic concepts mean.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | Would it not be fair to say that different subpopulations
               | experience different effective inflation rates because
               | they buy different things?
               | 
               | Seriously, would it? I'm not an economist. I am aware of
               | RPI/CPI, and inflation is measured independently in
               | different countries within the Eurozone, so it's not like
               | we _can't_ have multiple measures for different purposes
               | or populations.
        
               | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
               | The concept of inflation is an attempt to measure price
               | increases that are due to general monetary factors, as
               | opposed to price increases that are due to market forces
               | in specific industries. It's fair to try and measure the
               | practical household budget of a typical family, and many
               | governments do, but calling this measurement "inflation"
               | tends to mislead people into thinking that any increase
               | must be because there's an oversupply of money.
        
               | lottin wrote:
               | You can definitely say that the cost of living has risen
               | at different rates for different subpopulations, but you
               | can't say they have experienced different rates of
               | inflation. Inflation is change in the general price level
               | of the economy, and an economy is something that we can
               | study at a macroeconomic level. In this sense, unless you
               | regard a social group as being an economy on its own,
               | with its own GDP, balance of payments, and whole set of
               | macroeconomic variables, we can't speak of it as
               | experiencing a particular inflation rate.
        
               | treis wrote:
               | >Would it not be fair to say that different
               | subpopulations experience different effective inflation
               | rates because they buy different things?
               | 
               | Inflation is measured based on the changing the value of
               | a dollar. So no, you can't have different inflation for
               | different people.
               | 
               | You can have a separate idea of a poverty line or cost of
               | living. But that's a different concept and would need
               | different measures.
        
           | Wolfenstein98k wrote:
           | There is no significant inflation measure that does not
           | include food.
           | 
           | I agree they're not the entirety of the basket, but they are
           | a core component.
           | 
           | There is no "general price level".
        
             | eru wrote:
             | There is a "general price level", it's just the price level
             | of a sufficiently broad basket.
        
             | em500 wrote:
             | Food and Beverages make up 15% of the US CPI basket. Some
             | other major components are Housing (42%) and Transport
             | (15%).
             | 
             | Here's the full list, which make up the "general price
             | level": https://www.bls.gov/cpi/tables/relative-
             | importance/2020.htm If you believe food is underweighted,
             | then what category do you believe is overweighted?
        
       | babesh wrote:
       | I have been buying GSG for the last few weeks as a hedge. Beyond
       | transient effects of COVID-19, more chaotic weather due to
       | climate change seems to be wreaking havoc. Beyond that, our
       | economy seems to be increasingly reliant of raw materials that
       | are increasingly harder to extract or that we demand more and
       | more of.
       | 
       | For examples of climate havoc, look at the drought in Taiwan and
       | the deep cold in Texas.
       | 
       | For examples of resource contention, look at oil and even at
       | nickel. Those batteries meant to replace oil in turn require
       | cobalt or nickel (at least for certain applications).
       | 
       | The climate havoc and resource contention have much greater than
       | linear effects. I don't think most people realize this. Food
       | shortages lead not only to higher prices but to civil unrest.
        
         | vlovich123 wrote:
         | What's GSG?
        
           | bifftastic wrote:
           | Probably this:
           | 
           | https://www.ishares.com/us/products/239757/ishares-sp-
           | gsci-c...
           | 
           | In other words a commodity ETF.
        
         | Robotbeat wrote:
         | lithium Iron Phosphate batteries have improved to the point
         | they're good enough for entry level long-range electric cars
         | (Tesla uses them sometimes), and iron is super duper common.
         | Lithium and phosphate nearly so, as well. So I don't really
         | agree there.
        
       | Robotbeat wrote:
       | Cars are much safer and (for the same given size) go a lot
       | farther for the same amount of fuel. They're also faster, more
       | reliable, last longer between maintenance (used to be 3000 miles
       | between oil changes, now it's... 7500 miles or so), more
       | comfortable, and with more useful features (navigation, phone
       | integration, etc).
       | 
       | As far as homes, there HAS been real estate inflation, but homes
       | are now better insulated, have much more efficient heating and
       | cooling (and now have actual cooling whereas in the past were
       | often uncooled), have more bathrooms, and have much more
       | efficient and cheaper lighting (which doesn't need to be replaced
       | as often and has lower fire risk).
       | 
       | Clothing is so plentiful and cheap it's a bit silly (and this
       | used to be a major practical purchase and highly labor intensive
       | to mend your clothes, so I'm not talking just fashion).
       | 
       | A lot of things people actually need really are much better than
       | in the past.
       | 
       | I hope we fix the housing price issues, though. This is really
       | bad.
        
         | asdff wrote:
         | Ha! Please look at the average housing stock in a city like LA
         | or SF. Better insulated/efficient/bigger/new/21st century home
         | it is not. The exact same 2 bedroom bungalow they built for
         | returning GIs that probably cost $6000 back then costs north of
         | $1.5m now. New construction only gets a slight bump of maybe
         | another $200-400k or so (the cost of construction). The value
         | isn't in how nice the house is, it's in the dirt below and
         | where it sits on earth. The same $1.6m house in LA might go for
         | $20k if you put it on a trailer and stuck it on some land in
         | Nowhere, Louisiana instead. And don't get me started with the
         | rental stock.
        
         | 908B64B197 wrote:
         | > As far as homes, there HAS been real estate inflation, but
         | homes are now better insulated, have much more efficient
         | heating and cooling (and now have actual cooling whereas in the
         | past were often uncooled), have more bathrooms, and have much
         | more efficient and cheaper lighting (which doesn't need to be
         | replaced as often and has lower fire risk).
         | 
         | That all matters less than the location of the house.
        
         | thebean11 wrote:
         | > As far as homes, there HAS been real estate inflation, but
         | homes are now better insulated, have much more efficient
         | heating and cooling (and now have actual cooling whereas in the
         | past were often uncooled), have more bathrooms, and have much
         | more efficient and cheaper lighting (which doesn't need to be
         | replaced as often and has lower fire risk).
         | 
         | None of that really makes a dent price-wise in the more
         | expensive real estate markets.
        
         | whoomp12342 wrote:
         | not all homes that were inflated improved as such
        
       | cyberpsybin wrote:
       | Here it comes. Cost of running money printer too hard.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | The article is about developing countries like Indonesia.
         | 
         | They mention US inflation down below:
         | 
         | > In the U.S., prices rose close to 3% in the year ending Jan.
         | 2, according to NielsenIQ, roughly double the overall rate of
         | inflation.
         | 
         | Money printing isn't the only or even the main driver of
         | inflation. Increased demands for goods during lockdown has put
         | upward pressure on shipping costs, which is reflected in food
         | prices.
        
         | aww_dang wrote:
         | If only they could print productivity to match.
        
           | chii wrote:
           | That's what automation is - it's one of the leading causes of
           | increased productivity in the last half century.
        
             | aww_dang wrote:
             | https://www.latimes.com/food/dailydish/la-dd-
             | philippes-45cen...
             | 
             | >Frank Martin, bought the restaurant from Philippe Mathieu
             | in 1927, and then the coffee was priced at a nickel.
        
             | jeofken wrote:
             | Money printing became decoupled from anything real in 1971.
             | 
             | See here what happened to the correlation between
             | productivity and labour income after this
             | https://wtfhappenedin1971.com/
        
               | faet wrote:
               | Purchasing power has been consistent.
               | https://i.redd.it/7qqhlk5i48l61.png
               | 
               | The graph uses average hourly wages which does not
               | include overtime, bonuses, shift premiums, and employer
               | benefits. It also doesn't account for all workers.
               | 
               | https://files.stlouisfed.org/files/htdocs/publications/es
               | /07...
               | 
               | total compensation tracks pretty well.
        
               | jeofken wrote:
               | Thanks for the interesting data point regarding
               | purchasing power. I think we would agree that you'd
               | expect purchasing power to increase when efficiency
               | increases, rather than staying constant. And as
               | efficiency (as measured by value i.e.
               | usefulness/efficiency of capital) has continued to
               | increase while purchasing power stayed mostly stagnant
               | since 1971, those earning their income from labour are
               | drawing the short stick, while those earning their income
               | from capital gains (ie efficiency of productive stuff)
               | are doing much better.
               | 
               | If I misinterpreted your comment (I think we agree), I
               | welcome your explanation of why purchasing power stays
               | the same when efficiency increases since 1971.
        
         | gher-shyu3i wrote:
         | The sooner we move to a non-artificially inflationary currency
         | that can be devalued by the whims of the government, the
         | better.
        
         | jopsen wrote:
         | Having we been giving much printed money to people who need
         | more food?
         | 
         | Most people in the western world aren't likely to buy more
         | food, just because they have more money.
         | 
         | Not saying, we won't see inflation, who knows, but I doubt
         | we'll see it in household items.
        
           | imtringued wrote:
           | Yeah exactly, cyberpsybin's comment reads as "now that people
           | have enough money to buy food they ate all of it".
           | 
           | No, the problem is that there isn't enough food in the first
           | place. The rising price rewards farmers who produce
           | additional food. You just need to run a stimulus program for
           | farmers so that they can expand and mechanize their farms to
           | increase yields.
           | 
           | I wish people would look at physical reality first and then
           | look where physical reality takes the market rather than
           | looking at the market and ignoring what physical reality
           | looks like.
        
           | swiley wrote:
           | Wouldn't it be great if we did that instead of bailing out
           | American Airlines and propping up overpriced real estate?
           | 
           | That's the issue here: not only is stuff you need getting
           | more expensive because of the expanding money supply but the
           | new money is being used _directly_ to cause it rather than
           | helping the individuals that need help.
        
           | herbst wrote:
           | For about a year now i buy food in bulk. Mostly because its
           | really nice to have everything at home. However i likely buy
           | more food now too as i never experience the 'nothing nice to
           | eat better go to sleep' situations any more.
        
           | voisin wrote:
           | Maybe not buy food directly for personal consumption but
           | buying commodities is a possibility that becomes a self-
           | fulfilling prophecy (like GameStop!). When all financial
           | assets increase to all time highs and commodities don't then
           | speculators push them up to eliminate cross asset price
           | disparities.
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | > Most people in the western world aren't likely to buy more
           | food, just because they have more money.
           | 
           | If you have more money and you use it to buy more food,
           | that's not inflation.
           | 
           | Inflation is when you have more money and you use it to buy
           | the same amount of food. Give people more money, and you will
           | see the price of everything rise without seeing the amount of
           | stuff they buy go up.
        
             | onion2k wrote:
             | _Give people more money, and you will see the price of
             | everything rise without seeing the amount of stuff they buy
             | go up._
             | 
             | In the specific case of COVID in the UK, people have been
             | given money to replace the money they would have earned.
             | The people don't have extra money. The system hasn't
             | changed except for the fact that the money is coming from
             | the government instead of the their employer.
        
               | makomk wrote:
               | People have been given money to replace the amount they
               | would've earned, but _the work they would 've done hasn't
               | happened_. All of the goods and services they would've
               | produced no longer exist. The government tried to make up
               | for the fact that large amounts of the real economy were
               | shuttered by printing money, with predictable results.
        
               | jopsen wrote:
               | > with predictable results
               | 
               | Care to elaborate, because *if* there is going to be a
               | fallout from these massive stimulus packages, it
               | certainly doesn't feel predictable to me.
               | 
               | Indeed, we all like to think doomsday scenario, and
               | covid-19 have trained our brains to think the unlikely is
               | likely.. but it's not even obvious there is going to be a
               | fallout from all this stimulus.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | Did you respond in the wrong place? "More money" is a
               | premise of "Most people in the western world aren't
               | likely to buy more food, just because they have more
               | money."
        
               | onion2k wrote:
               | Yes, and my reply was to clarify that in some parts of
               | the world COVID hasn't resulted in people having more
               | money despite the government 'money printing machine'
               | going in to overdrive.
        
       | fiftyacorn wrote:
       | You can see how it's going when the super rich are buying
       | agricultural land
        
       | DecoPerson wrote:
       | After reading this article, I want to stock up on more food for
       | myself and my five dependents. Double our reserves of biscuits,
       | cereals, frozen meat, frozen bread, canned food, preserves, long-
       | life milk, honey, multivitamins, MREs, etc etc.
       | 
       | Is this panic buying? Is it OK? Does it hurt other people? I'd be
       | interested to hear some different points of view.
        
         | globular-toast wrote:
         | You know it's panic buying and you know it will harm other
         | people. That's why you want to do it yourself. You know that if
         | others do it and you don't that it will harm _you_. So you take
         | the  "can't beat 'em, join 'em" approach and do it yourself. Is
         | it wrong for an individual to "join 'em"? No. Is it wrong that
         | individuals feel the only way to be safe is to "join 'em"? Yes.
         | But that's not a problem you can solve by yourself.
         | 
         | The tragedy is that much of the food being stocked up in
         | people's homes will go to waste as they don't have the
         | facilities or knowledge to store it properly. Food suppliers
         | have way better storage facilities than you do at home. They
         | know how to keep food available all year round. There's also
         | plenty of food to go around as should be blindingly obvious by
         | observing the waistlines of people around you and that's
         | including the fact that the food supply chain already has a ton
         | of waste built in.
         | 
         | Tragedy of the commons.
        
         | rightbyte wrote:
         | As long as you eventually eat it, it is fine I guess.
         | 
         | It is like energy and power demand on the electical grid. You
         | lower the peak power demand.
        
         | helij wrote:
         | Even in normal times you always need a month supply of
         | everything. During pandemic or any other major crisis event
         | it's probably best to keep 3 months supply of everything.
         | That's not panic buying. That's planning for your and your
         | dependants safety and wellbeing. Don't let anyone tell you
         | otherwise.
        
         | grumple wrote:
         | > After reading this article, I want to stock up on more food
         | for myself and my five dependents.
         | 
         | You should always have _some_ amount of food reserves. Space
         | allowing, at least a few days of food. Canned and dry goods
         | with long shelf lives - eat the oldest of this first during
         | regular usage and refresh the stock so you don 't end up with 5
         | year old canned goods.
         | 
         | > Is this panic buying?
         | 
         | A little, yes. There's not much risk of long-term food
         | insecurity in the first world (at least not in the US). There
         | are occasionally disasters that affect us short term - think
         | hurricanes, floods, electricity outages, earthquakes, winter
         | storms in Texas. I'd advise being able to get through those.
         | 
         | > Is it OK? Does it hurt other people?
         | 
         | It can hurt others. At the beginning of the pandemic there was
         | a lot of panic buying. Part of that was an overreaction, part
         | profiteerism, part of it was the world being unready to pivot
         | to consumer goods (like with toilet paper). Do it gradually.
         | Don't go out and buy out a canned goods section at your local
         | supermarket.
        
           | jerf wrote:
           | "It can hurt others. At the beginning of the pandemic there
           | was a lot of panic buying."
           | 
           | On the other hand, having a stock on hand already can be
           | helpful. It means you won't need to join the panic buying,
           | because you're already stocked, and you stocked at a time
           | when the system could easily handle it.
           | 
           | It is a good thing for everyone to have some supplies on
           | hand. It makes all of society more resilient against all
           | sorts of disasters. It means that if your area finds itself
           | in need of emergency services, those emergency services may
           | not have to go to _you_ , leaving them for someone else who
           | may be in more trouble (e.g., someone who was at the
           | epicenter of whatever and legitimately had their supplies
           | totally destroyed).
           | 
           | It is the socially responsible thing to do to have some vital
           | supplies on hand and be able to survive independently for a
           | few days on as few services as possible in your area.
        
           | dmingod666 wrote:
           | Not that I suggest but I heard a nice quote a while back "If
           | you must really panic, panic early"
        
         | dgellow wrote:
         | Given that you don't know how the future will be, instead of
         | doubling all your reserves right away, which definitely sound
         | like panic buying, you may consider a less aggressive approach.
         | Don't just buy everything right away, instead focus only on the
         | most important type of food you need and slowly increase your
         | reserve by buying a bit more when you do your groceries (you
         | buy rice once every 2 weeks? Consider buying a few more kg each
         | time and add to your reserve). And once you're good with
         | rice/noodles/cereals you can do the same for other stuff.
         | 
         | I call this FCA, aka "Food Cost Averaging".
        
         | Aachen wrote:
         | It's never bad to have a little extra if you have the storage
         | space and rotate through it. If that unlikely hurricane comes,
         | or whatever your area might suffer, you don't have to be a
         | pepper to be a normal level of prepared.
         | 
         | But don't panic buy. Don't now go to the store and stock up
         | massively. Put in an extra shelf-stable item, and next time you
         | go shopping do it again, but don't panic now. That's how you
         | _create_ a food shortage.
         | 
         | Even if you add "only" 10% extra to your purchase, I think
         | that's what happened with toilet paper. I purposefully didn't
         | buy any, figuring the crazies would get their fill soon enough,
         | but a month later it was still going and we were trying not to
         | be in the store more than once a week to prevent that being a
         | spreading place but could now only buy 2 rolls at a time per
         | family and many stores were completely out. Of course, we
         | didn't even have to ask neighbours yet (some neighbors will
         | have had to spare, not as if the rolls all disappeared into
         | thin air) so it wasn't bad in any way in the end, but this
         | panic behaviour is unnecessary and very quickly detrimental,
         | even when a majority of people understand it's unwarranted.
        
           | pcl wrote:
           | > not as if the rolls all disappeared into thin air
           | 
           | No, they were going down the drain.
        
         | OscarCunningham wrote:
         | I don't think many other people are panic buying at the moment,
         | so doing it now won't hurt other people by creating a localised
         | shortage.
        
         | sneak wrote:
         | It is indeed "panic buying" by the definition, but it need not
         | be panicked. It is prudent to have a few months of supplies on
         | hand if you know you're going to need them.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | carapace wrote:
         | You have five dependents, stock up.
         | 
         | In a crisis bad enough that your prudence and foresight
         | significantly affects other people by depriving them of food
         | you can give them some of your food.
         | 
         | But in that situation you're probably done for already, and
         | should have gone up in the hills, eh?
         | 
         | John Titor said something that scared the shit out of me.
         | Paraphrasing, it was something like, "If you want to survive,
         | move to a place three days further out than a starving person
         | can walk."
         | 
         | ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Titor "John Titor is a
         | name used on several bulletin boards during 2000 and 2001 by a
         | poster claiming to be an American military time traveler from
         | 2036." )
         | 
         | If you're worried about the collapse of civilization then, no,
         | stocking up is not going to help as much as just getting way
         | the hell out there in the woods and being self-sufficient.
         | You'll be rolled by starving people. ("People always raid
         | before they starve."
         | https://spaswell.wordpress.com/2016/11/18/dr-gwynne-dyer-geo...
         | )
         | 
         | For disasters less severe than that, then YES! Stocking up is
         | the responsible thing to do and we should all do it as a matter
         | of course, virus or no virus.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | This article and the associated study are about food costs in
         | developing nations like Indonesia.
         | 
         | The article mentions that inflation in the United States is
         | much more pedestrian:
         | 
         | > In the U.S., prices rose close to 3% in the year ending Jan.
         | 2, according to NielsenIQ, roughly double the overall rate of
         | inflation.
         | 
         | Buying and storing food is an inherently inefficient process
         | relative to buying the same food as needed. You would end up
         | spending more to build and maintain food reserves than you
         | would save against inflation. Far more.
         | 
         | The article doesn't suggest that we're at risk of running out
         | of food.
        
       | z92 wrote:
       | I don't get how food consumption can increase in a pandemic.
       | Should be constant in or outside a pandemic situation. Possibly
       | somewhere crops are getting rotten because of newly imposed
       | export restrictions, or for some other things.
        
         | bryanrasmussen wrote:
         | >I don't get how food consumption can increase in a pandemic.
         | 
         | depression spurs eating binges.
         | 
         | being inside what to do, oh lets make more advanced food. lets
         | bake cakes with the kids instead of sending them out to play
         | with friends. etc. etc.
         | 
         | so increased consumption in combination with other, probably
         | more important, pandemic problems.
        
           | alexf95 wrote:
           | But with most restaurants closing your will also have to
           | subtract the food that would have been used there. Obviously
           | most of them tried to change to a takeaway service, but I am
           | pretty sure their overall customers went down by alot during
           | all of this.
        
             | herbst wrote:
             | If i cant go to a restaurant i still have to eat. I dont
             | think this would lead to a huge difference. At least not
             | for me.
        
             | gremlinsinc wrote:
             | Restaurant supply chains are a totally separate beast. Bulk
             | foods being supplied were mostly sent to landfills. Tons of
             | potatoes for example that were only ear-marked for
             | restaurants went straight to the dump.
             | 
             | Supplier A only supplies to restaurants it's normally a
             | safe bet, so that's all they do. No restaurants buying -
             | holy shit - my entire crop is excess...
             | 
             | I'm not a farmer but this is what I've read.
             | 
             | There's also the fact a lot of panic buyers might buy too
             | much, then end up throwing a bit away because of fear that
             | when they need it - it won't be there, but then it just
             | spoils at home, etc.
             | 
             | Also food banks are taking a lot of the food. More people
             | actually have money for food (one thing the govt does do is
             | make sure people don't starve (usually) maybe more if you
             | have kids).
             | 
             | TLDR: You can't just move all restaurant food to
             | consumer/grocery like it's a commodity in Factorio... it
             | takes a lot to shift global supply chains and get new
             | contracts on how deliverables are received, etc...
        
         | Broken_Hippo wrote:
         | Food consumption changes: Pre-pandemic, a good amount of meals
         | would be eaten out of the house. School lunches, breakfast on
         | the way to work, lunch break at the work cafeteria or a fast
         | food place (sure, some folks bring lunch, but many places don't
         | offer a break room that is adequate).
         | 
         | All of this - and things like toilet paper - shifts to consumer
         | goods instead of bulk goods, which takes different equipment
         | and processing in factories, often at different times. A
         | portion of school lunches in the US are the result of
         | government subsidy foods: Cheeses, potatoes, and so on are very
         | low cost to public schools.
         | 
         | In short: Consumer foodstuff demand has increased.
         | 
         | Additionally, more folks are spending a bit of time with food,
         | changing the demands. Plus, home and slightly depressed/anxious
         | with newly found free time means you have more time to eat -
         | and many have taken up eating more.
         | 
         | And then you _do_ have crops that couldn 't be picked,
         | disruption in shipping (food travels far), and disruptions in
         | factories that complicates things.
        
           | mnw21cam wrote:
           | In the UK, last year we had a terrible shortage of bread
           | flour in the supermarkets.
           | 
           | Actually, what we had was a sudden reduction in the amount of
           | flour being used by bakeries, and an increase in the amount
           | of flour being used at home. There wasn't a shortage of flour
           | - there was a shortage of small bags to put it in for selling
           | at a supermarket. The industry was all set up for selling a
           | decent proportion of flour in really large bags.
           | 
           | Likewise, for simple goods like vegetables, dairy, and beer,
           | some suppliers have suddenly had their customers disappear,
           | because they normally sold to restaurants, pubs, and
           | caterers, where other suppliers have not been able to keep up
           | with demand, because they sold to supermarkets. The obvious
           | solution is for the suppliers who previously sold to caterers
           | to sell to supermarkets instead, but it takes a while for
           | these contracts and logistics to be sorted out.
        
             | exhilaration wrote:
             | We had flour shortages in the US as well. I wonder if that
             | was the case across the Western world.
        
             | uxp100 wrote:
             | Yes, similar in the US. First all flour was sold out, then
             | as it became available again it was bulk bins first, and
             | then brands that sold in 1 and 5 pound bags last.
             | 
             | Interestingly (well kinda) the similar yeast shortage is
             | still not back to normal. The shortage was partly related
             | to packaging and the yeast at my grocer is still in the
             | post COVID foil packaging and not in the packages it was
             | before. (Luckily I had yeast in the freezer)
        
               | mnw21cam wrote:
               | We had a load of news stories on TV about dairies and
               | brewers pouring their milk/beer down the drain, and
               | people spluttering about how they couldn't find any beer
               | or milk on the supermarket shelves. That isn't a
               | supply/demand problem, that's a logistics problem.
               | 
               | (Also - seriously, you have 1 pound bags of flour over
               | there? Most bags here are 1.5kg (3.3 pounds), with some
               | specialist flours in 1kg (2.2 pounds) bags. 1 pound seems
               | a little small.)
        
               | uxp100 wrote:
               | The "normal" flour is in 5lb bags. I went and looked, and
               | the specialty stuff I had is indeed in a 1 kg, not 1lb,
               | bag.
        
         | Ekaros wrote:
         | Not to forget availability of labour. Which travel restrictions
         | affect. Also processing has challenges. When your line worker
         | might be out of service for week or two it can affect output,
         | same goes for increasing the hygiene standards. And those also
         | involve costs which will be moved to consumers.
        
           | tomp wrote:
           | It only took a global pandemic for the fake argument
           | "immigration doesn't suppress wages" to finally be cancelled.
        
         | azalemeth wrote:
         | In the UK at least, it's very much due to new-found export (and
         | import) restrictions. The price of food has slightly increased
         | since brexshit, whereas its availability has plummeted: the
         | number of varieties of vegetables stocked by my local Tesco,
         | for example, has plummeted, and the stock sells out almost
         | immediately after delivery.
        
           | aembleton wrote:
           | Tesco here in Greater Manchester doesn't seem to have been
           | impacted by availability. Where about in the country have you
           | experienced this? Have you tried a different supermarket?
           | 
           | Aldi, Lidl, M&S, Morrisons and the local greengrocer all seem
           | the same as usual here.
        
           | dageshi wrote:
           | I recall this being broadly the same during the first
           | lockdown as well pre brexit.
        
           | DrBazza wrote:
           | > The price of food has slightly increased since brexshit,
           | whereas its availability has plummeted: the number of
           | varieties of vegetables stocked by my local Tesco, for
           | example, has plummeted, and the stock sells out almost
           | immediately after delivery.
           | 
           | Zero problems in any of the major supermarkets in my area in
           | the South East. My food bills haven't increased notably
           | either, if anything, looking at my bank statement right now,
           | they seem lower over the past 4-5 months than the year
           | before.
           | 
           | The only anecdotal thing I have noticed, is that there a few
           | new brands on the shelves that weren't there previously, but
           | that's probably just observational and confirmation bias,
           | because I was looking for something, I saw it.
        
           | swarnie_ wrote:
           | > the number of varieties of vegetables stocked by my local
           | Tesco, for example, has plummeted, and the stock sells out
           | almost immediately after delivery.
           | 
           | Are you in a really shitty area or something? I only saw what
           | you described in the first week of lockdown one. Nothing has
           | noticeably changed in my local Morrisons for the last few
           | months.
        
             | azalemeth wrote:
             | I'm in an urban area that perhaps is a bit poorer than some
             | others nearby, yes. The bigger out-of-town supermarkets
             | have better stock but my usual urban Tesco (and to a lesser
             | extent the two Sainsbury's Locals nearby) just don't have
             | that much stock. It changed a lot in Lockdown 1 and hasn't
             | really recovered.
        
               | mnw21cam wrote:
               | I certainly noticed a few months ago that the supermarket
               | in my local small town seemed to be better stocked than
               | the larger supermarket in the nearby medium sized city.
        
           | refraincomment wrote:
           | How does Brexit even matter if border checks are suspended
           | for imports?
           | 
           | Just the usual scaremongering.
           | 
           | I also shop at Tesco and the stocks haven't changed at all.
        
             | simonh wrote:
             | Oh I agree, what limitations on stock there are, are
             | probably down to Covid and it being winter.
             | 
             | Still, why even have brexit if we're going to do our level
             | best to pretend we're still in the EU as hard as we can. Is
             | being subject to full export restrictions, hammering
             | British businesses, while allowing many European goods to
             | flow in un-checked really the brexit you signed up for?
        
               | refraincomment wrote:
               | Brexit UK is a startup
               | 
               | EU is Oracle
        
         | melomal wrote:
         | > I don't get how food consumption can increase in a pandemic
         | 
         | There are a lot of people comfort eating and generally grazing
         | out of boredom. I'm sure I've been eating a little more than I
         | should with the crappy foods. Plus, people are saving so they
         | are probably buying more foods to stock up on and thus throwing
         | it all away.
        
       | cs702 wrote:
       | ...due to TEMPORARY restrictions, such as border closures, that
       | will be lifted once the pandemic is history.
       | 
       | --
       | 
       | On a related topic, quite a few commenters here have made
       | uninformed or intentionally misleading comments about the
       | relationship between inflation indexes and food/energy prices.
       | Let me quote this explanation posted 10 years ago by a PhD
       | student of economics at MIT:
       | 
       | "Food and energy are not excluded from the Consumer Price Index.
       | The standard CPI, which is used to make cost of living
       | adjustments to Social Security (among other things), reflects a
       | full consumption basket, including food and energy.
       | 
       | The index that excludes food and energy is the core CPI, which is
       | used for a very different purpose -- namely, the U.S. Federal
       | Reserve's decisions about U.S. Monetary Policy.
       | 
       | A few observers seem to believe that excluding food and energy
       | from the core CPI reflects either deep ignorance or
       | conspiratorial neglect on the part of monetary authorities.
       | Nothing could be further from the truth. In fact, core CPI (along
       | with some alternatives like mean-trimmed price indices) is a very
       | sensible reaction to the dilemmas facing monetary policymakers.
       | 
       | Suppose that the Federal Reserve had a mandate to stabilize the
       | full Consumer Price Index, and that food prices suddenly doubled.
       | To keep the CPI at a stable level, other prices would need to
       | decrease. The problem, however, is that many prices are sticky,
       | meaning that they do not instantaneously respond to changes in
       | monetary and macroeconomic conditions. This is especially true in
       | the service industry (which comprises the bulk of both Gross
       | Domestic Product and the CPI).
       | 
       | To create these compensating price changes within a relatively
       | short timespan, the Fed would have to impose extremely tight
       | monetary policy, with sky-high nominal interest rates. And as we
       | saw in the early 1980s, a large increase in nominal interest
       | rates is extremely destructive to the real economy, leading to a
       | massive increase in unemployment. Given our already weak economic
       | conditions, such a policy would be even more damaging today.
       | 
       | Core CPI is a way to prevent this kind of needless suffering and
       | unemployment. By targeting a stabler set of prices, the Fed
       | avoids the wild swings in monetary policy that would inevitably
       | arise from targeting an index that includes commodity prices. In
       | other words, the demagogues who assail core CPI have it all
       | wrong: the average American would be much, much worse off if the
       | Fed targeted a volatile measure like headline CPI."
       | 
       | Source: https://www.quora.com/Why-are-food-and-energy-costs-
       | excluded...
        
       | TheButlerian wrote:
       | Cuckdowncels, you can eat my dick if you are hungry.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | coltons wrote:
       | Isnt food prices soaring the definition of inflation... haha
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | food prices is a part of cpi, which is what people typically
         | mean by "inflation". the cpi is also composed of other items
         | (eg. rents, transport), which means it's possible for inflation
         | to be down even though food prices are up.
        
       | throwawaymanbot wrote:
       | Hedge funds ...
        
       | OscarCunningham wrote:
       | Which prices are increasing slower than inflation to counteract
       | this?
       | 
       | EDIT: It's energy. https://www.bls.gov/cpi/
        
         | lupire wrote:
         | Also clothing, medical care commodities, and transportation
         | services. Meanwhile used cars are up more than food in the US.
         | That graph has bizzare rollups you need to click through.
         | 
         | But the article is really about 40% spike in global basic
         | commodities for the global poor, not 3% US bump.
        
         | maxerickson wrote:
         | Inflation indexes don't give a lot of weight to short term
         | price changes. So there doesn't necessarily have to be anything
         | offsetting it. If prices stay high it should show up in
         | inflation.
        
       | fredfoobar wrote:
       | Global food shortages are coming, I'm just worried that not
       | enough people are taking this seriously.
       | 
       | Inflation may come right after. This is not good.
        
       | whoisninja wrote:
       | CPI is a joke, they do something called hedonic adjustments to
       | things like tech products etc. It's completely subjective and BS.
       | Technology is deflationary, things should get cheaper because we
       | go after producing them in creative ways one demand is high.
       | 
       | CPI is absurd, it only perpetuates consumerism and punishes
       | savers. We product 2x the food society consumes - mostly wasted
       | away, just with some supply chain efficiency - there's a lot more
       | room for food not to be expensive though.
        
         | ErikAugust wrote:
         | Real question that nobody has yet answered: With what data CPI
         | is even calculated? The data sources are all hidden.
         | 
         | Related: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26259279
        
           | whoisninja wrote:
           | Keynesian economics kool-aid, all the Phd Econ guys worship
           | guy who had done some really shady stuff in his life. Nobel
           | prize in economics was started by Sveriges riksbank in 1968,
           | just to perpetuate same ideaologies. Shady af.
        
             | seibelj wrote:
             | Keynes was also a child sex tourist who frequently preyed
             | on boys, sometimes with friends
             | https://skeptics.stackexchange.com/questions/2802/was-
             | john-m...
             | 
             | Edit: not sure why I'm being downvoted. He admitted in his
             | diaries as a 30 year old man he would pay for sex from 16
             | year olds, and referenced others as "boys" without ages. By
             | modern standards he would be a sex offender for life. We
             | seem to hold all historical figures by modern standards
             | now, not sure why we give this pedophile a pass.
        
               | finolex1 wrote:
               | Irrelevant to the topic at hand.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | konjin wrote:
               | > By modern standards he would be a sex offender for
               | life.
               | 
               | Age of consent in Britain in 16 and 14 in Central Europe.
               | We also don't imprison 15 year olds for life.
               | 
               | Not all the world suffers from Yankee puritanism to the
               | benefit of everyone.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | eru wrote:
             | Non-Keynesian economists, like the neo-classicals for
             | example or the market monetarists or even the more serious
             | of the Austrians, don't disagree here.
        
           | fennecfoxen wrote:
           | The data are all over bls.gov, in far more detail than you
           | will find convenient for processing. See my remarks down the
           | page: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26386293
           | 
           | If they're not giving you a one-page report on the
           | methodology for how they arrived at each individual point-in-
           | time price figure that they recorded, well, I'm sorry, it's
           | true, their methods are in that sense "hidden".
        
           | derefr wrote:
           | The input to CPI is secret shoppers visiting a variety of
           | retail outlets, and buying things (or write down the
           | advertised prices for things) without telling the retail
           | outlet what they're doing.
           | 
           | Publishing the particular products looked at, or even the
           | particular stores visited, would invite market manipulation
           | of the CPI figure by re-pricing the included goods.
        
           | whoisninja wrote:
           | there's this also: https://wtfhappenedin1971.com/
        
         | 908B64B197 wrote:
         | > We product 2x the food society consumes - mostly wasted away,
         | just with some supply chain efficiency
         | 
         | At some point if the prices rise enough it should become
         | profitable to streamline the supply chain?
        
           | whoisninja wrote:
           | good point, i hope so
        
         | fennecfoxen wrote:
         | > CPI is absurd, it only perpetuates consumerism and punishes
         | savers.
         | 
         | Okay okay back up.
         | 
         | The consumer price index is a series of numbers designed to
         | help people understand what dollar-denominated figures mean to
         | ordinary people going about their lives, spending those
         | dollars. If that's "consumerism," well yes, it's a portrait of
         | consumerism.
         | 
         | Many economists, mind you, believe CPI doesn't correct quite
         | enough, and suspect that it overstates the inflation it hopes
         | to measure by around 1%. This is because it tracks the actual
         | prices of a certain "market basket" of goods with specific
         | products in it, and that basket gets out of date, as people
         | substitute products.
         | 
         | But if someone's "punishing savers" and "perpetuating
         | consumerism", it's not the index, and it's not the people
         | compiling the index, and it's not the people trying to make the
         | index more accurate by adjusting for quality. Assign the blame
         | where it's due. You have a beef with the Federal Reserve, and
         | possibly with other agencies or laws which refer to the CPI to
         | make policy.
        
           | em500 wrote:
           | There's a ridiculous amount of misconception, FUD, and
           | ignorance around inflation / CPI (it doesn't include housing,
           | it overweights entertainent, it exclude food and energy,
           | hedonic adjustments/basket substitutions make everything look
           | artificially cheap)
           | 
           | To professional economists, it can be infuriating to read (I
           | imagine similar as medical professionals reading antivax
           | blogs/comments, or radio engineers reading about dangers of
           | 5G radiation).
           | 
           | I had a good intention once, to write layman exposition to
           | clear most of the misconceptions. But much like the
           | calculation of the CPI itself, it's a lot of work and
           | ultimately not very rewarding. An unfortunate fact is that a
           | very large part of the CPI comes from household survey
           | responses. These are too expensive for non-professionals to
           | reproduce and verify independently, so probably no amount of
           | writing can really convince CPI-doubters.
        
             | pwm wrote:
             | I'm not an economist.
             | 
             | My layman understanding of inflation is that it is the
             | measure of change of purchasing power a unit of currency
             | has over time. I think most laymen, including myself,
             | questions how this rather theoretical concept is actually
             | measured in real life. Eg. I think it is a sensible
             | expectation that if inflation was said to be 2% for 20
             | years then I should be able to buy a house that cost $200K
             | 20 years ago for ~$300K now. This expectation is worlds
             | away from reality which then prompts people to question the
             | way inflation is measured.
             | 
             | I know you wrote that you don't really have the inclination
             | anymore to educate on the topic but I for one would be
             | grateful for any pointers how to explain the above
             | discrepancy?
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > My layman understanding of inflation is that it is the
               | measure of change of purchasing power a unit of currency
               | has over time.
               | 
               | That's _loosely_ correct; but general inflation is the
               | change in purchasing power for currency buying final
               | consumer goods and services, not assets which are
               | intermediary stores of value. Purchased homes are assets
               | (actual or foregone but using a home you own yourself)
               | rents are consumption expenses.
               | 
               | > I think it is a sensible expectation that if inflation
               | was said to be 2% for 20 years then I should be able to
               | buy a house that cost $200K 20 years ago for ~$300K now
               | 
               | It's not. Specifically, that would be the fallacy of
               | division, even if your basic understanding of inflation
               | was correct. The change of an aggregate is not identical
               | to the change in every subset of the aggregate.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | rory wrote:
               | Not the parent, but the answer here comes down to two
               | simple things:
               | 
               | 1. Home prices are not captured in CPI, only rents.
               | 
               | 2. The headline CPI is a national number. Home price
               | inflation has actually been somewhat tame overall in
               | recent history (2-3% per year), but it has been very
               | geographically uneven. Some places have experienced
               | basically no inflation, while others have tons of it.
               | 
               | Here is the graph for home price inflation in the San
               | Francisco region:
               | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?g=BLdf . You can see
               | that it's often double digits, and certainly much higher
               | than any headline inflation rate.
        
               | jpmattia wrote:
               | > _Home prices are not captured in CPI, only rents._
               | 
               | This is literally correct, but misses the essential
               | feature of the housing issue in CPI: A large component of
               | the housing contribution is "owner's equivalent rent"
               | (OER).
               | 
               | Last I checked (now years ago), there is a survey where
               | BLS essentially polls homeowners with the question "How
               | much would your house rent for?" That number is then used
               | for the OER component of CPI.
               | 
               | As the housing bubble was popping, BLS felt it necessary
               | to explain the divergence between rents and OER [1]. The
               | statistic was an absolute mess then, and I haven't seen
               | any reason why it got cleaned up since, although I have
               | not followed it closely in recent years.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.bls.gov/osmr/research-
               | papers/2007/pdf/ec070090.p...
        
               | xyzzyz wrote:
               | > Home prices are not captured in CPI, only rents.
               | 
               | Yes, because CPI measures cost of buying service of
               | housing. Usually, if housing prices rise, so do rents,
               | pretty much in accord, so monitoring rents already gives
               | you a good view on housing affordability. The extent to
               | which cost of renting is decoupled from house prices is
               | largely explained by changes in interest rates: lower
               | interest rates make mortgages more affordable, which
               | allows more bidding for houses and pushes prices up.
               | However, this on net doesn't do much to actual
               | affordability of said house: at low rates, the sticker
               | price on a house might be high, but the mortgage payments
               | will still be low. Conversely, in the 70s and 80s,
               | boomers saw many cheap houses on the market, but at
               | mortgage rates of 10-12+%, these were even less
               | affordable than houses are today.
               | 
               | That's why CPI only includes rents, to make an apples-to-
               | apples comparison.
        
               | rory wrote:
               | > Usually, if housing prices rise, so do rents, pretty
               | much in accord
               | 
               | While this would theoretically make sense, it's not
               | actually very true in the United States. There's a
               | significant speculative aspect to housing in some markets
               | that results in price increases far higher than rents
               | would sustain (this effect is actually more prominent in
               | other markets, e.g. Canada).
               | 
               | Here: https://smartasset.com/mortgage/price-to-rent-
               | ratio-in-us-ci... you can see that San Francisco prices
               | are 50x rent, while Plano TX, which also has a high per
               | capita income and low eviction rate, sits at 20x rent.
        
               | xyzzyz wrote:
               | I think it actually is very true in the United States,
               | outliers like SF notwithstanding. US as a whole is
               | significantly more like Plano than like SF. Sure, that
               | does little to make Bay Area residents feel better about
               | crazy housing prices they deal with, but theirs is by far
               | not a typical American experience.
        
               | rory wrote:
               | You're right that we should probably ignore San Francisco
               | and a few others to portray the typical American
               | experience.
               | 
               | But it's still not obvious why for example Atlanta
               | (22.6x) has almost double the price-to-rent ratio of
               | Milwaukee (12.4x) if not due to speculation. Those both
               | seem like fairly "typical America" cities to me. Would
               | you expect Rent in Atlanta to spike heavily in the coming
               | years? Or is the distinction you're making more about
               | urban vs. suburban? (Since my link is just a mediocre
               | blog, it's not clear if those numbers refer to city or
               | metro area.)
        
               | jfim wrote:
               | > I think it is a sensible expectation that if inflation
               | was said to be 2% for 20 years then I should be able to
               | buy a house that cost $200K 20 years ago for ~$300K now
               | 
               | Housing is a bit particular because it's a good that's
               | almost always purchased on credit. You'd want to look at
               | the monthly costs of housing (mortgage payment) as
               | opposed to the sticker price, since the total cost that's
               | affordable fluctuates based on the interest rate. Twenty
               | years ago, the interest rate on a 30 year mortgage was
               | about 8%, contrast it with the about 3% rates now.
        
               | jeffbee wrote:
               | 1/3rd of Americans rent their homes. 2/3rd is not "almost
               | always".
        
               | jfim wrote:
               | Purchased, not rented. GP was also referring to house
               | prices, not rentals.
        
               | jeffbee wrote:
               | Yes that's what they said but then you modified it to
               | "housing". People who rent are also purchasing "housing"
               | and not on credit.
        
               | jfim wrote:
               | Feel free to substitute "real estate" for "housing" in my
               | post.
        
               | em500 wrote:
               | Other already gave good answers. The main part is that a
               | house is not a consumption product - it is not "consumed"
               | (used up) in a limited timespan, but rather, a bundle of
               | a long-durable part (building) and an ultra-durable asset
               | (land). Pretty much all durable assets have increased in
               | price since the 1980s in tandem with falling interest
               | rates[1]. The cause of the long term decline of interest
               | rates is largely unknown.
               | 
               | The BLS largely circumvents this by using rents, actual
               | rents for renters, and owner equivalent rents (OER) for
               | owners. This is done by asking owners what they think
               | their house would rent for, and using those increases for
               | the housing/shelter component of CPI. Rents (which make
               | up 1/3 of CPI) have increased faster than the general
               | CPI, but not as much as house prices[1], likely because
               | of the interest rate decrease.
               | 
               | There are some other complicating aspects around house
               | prices (city prices increased faster than rural, houses
               | sizes grew while household sizes shrank[3], so part of
               | higher prices is just people buying more). But I believe
               | the main aspects is really falling interests rates. A
               | proper decomposition and attribution of most aspects
               | probably takes months of work, enough for a econ Master
               | theses. That's why I mentioned I don't have the energy
               | for that. Nor do most other bloggers/pop-article writers,
               | so they just go for popular appeal and clicks, by telling
               | you why everything is getting worse and more expensive
               | for you.
               | 
               | [1] https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MORTGAGE30US [2]
               | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.png?g=BLyd
               | [3] https://azgolfhomes.com/average-home-size-u-s/
        
               | jpdaigle wrote:
               | Wouldn't it make sense for the basket of goods used to
               | compute CPI to try to blend the impact of rents (which
               | are included) with "affordability" of buying a house
               | (maybe measured as the carrying costs of an average
               | property per month, which would exclude principal
               | payments)?
               | 
               | Otherwise, because rents and house prices don't always
               | move in lockstep, it's hard to measure the buying power
               | of a dollar over time.
               | 
               | When thinking about purchasing power over time or between
               | different cities, I often think of it as "assume I'm
               | buying 1/180th of an average house in that city each
               | month" as part of a representative basket of goods.
        
               | mywittyname wrote:
               | The problem with applying CPI to an individual's
               | situation is that nobody is average across several
               | dimensions. One person might live in the midwest an have
               | experienced next to no housing inflation, modest food
               | inflation, and be heavily reliant on gasoline (which has
               | gone down in price over 10 years) due to rural living.
               | 
               | The same person living in Seattle might see housing
               | prices double since they rent, food prices explode, since
               | they live in a gentrifying area where low-cost grocers
               | are replaced by high-end organic ones, and gasoline might
               | not be a huge component of their spend because they drive
               | a beater Prius 15 miles a day.
               | 
               | Those are two people, buying pretty similar things who
               | experience inflation very differently than "average."
               | Luckily, the BLS does provide different CPI figures to
               | account for different groups of people -- for example
               | only looking at inflation data for Seattle -- but people
               | generally never discuss those.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >My layman understanding of inflation is that it is the
               | measure of change of purchasing power a unit of currency
               | has over time
               | 
               | >I know you wrote that you don't really have the
               | inclination anymore to educate on the topic but I for one
               | would be grateful for any pointers how to explain the
               | above discrepancy?
               | 
               | obvious answer: it's not "price index", it's " _consumer_
               | price index ". First paragraph from wikipedia:
               | 
               | >A consumer price index measures changes in the price
               | level of a weighted average market basket of consumer
               | goods and services purchased by households.
        
               | curryst wrote:
               | Not an economist either, but I think I can explain that
               | one. CPI is a single rate derived from the change of
               | price in a bunch of goods (houses aren't actually
               | included, as another person noted). A change in CPI tells
               | you nothing about the change in price of a particular
               | good in it; it only tells you how much more expensive
               | those goods are if you bought all of them.
               | 
               | Just as an example, let's say milk and eggs are the only
               | thing on the CPI, and they're both at $2. If milk goes up
               | to $3 and eggs go down to $1, the CPI says there was 0%
               | inflation (assuming they don't adjust for quantity
               | consumed). So rent can go up a lot without affecting the
               | CPI too much, as long as the cost of other goods goes
               | down enough to offset that increase.
               | 
               | Here's a graph showing inflation of different goods
               | between 1998 and 2018:
               | https://realinvestmentadvice.com/wp-
               | content/uploads/2019/04/... As you can see, a lot of
               | "mandatory" things inflated a lot, but the increase in
               | those costs is offset by the decrease in electronics
               | prices.
               | 
               | The CPI is meant, afaik, to gauge the increase in the
               | cost of living for the "average person". It's useful for
               | driving fiscal policy, but it's not terribly useful to
               | laymen, imo (and that includes myself).
               | 
               | Houses are included in asset inflation, I believe. Here's
               | a chart showing asset inflation:
               | https://realinvestmentadvice.com/wp-
               | content/uploads/2019/04/...
               | 
               | Real wages are more interesting to laymen, I think. Those
               | are effectively wages adjusted over time based on
               | inflation from CPI. Using your housing example again, it
               | doesn't really matter if a house cost $200k 20 years ago
               | and costs $400k now, as long as wages doubled over the
               | same period, all things equal. Inflation is fine (for the
               | purposes of buying a house) as long as wages rise to
               | match that increase.
               | 
               | The reason many people can't buy houses anymore is that
               | real wages have fallen.
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_wages Wikipedia has
               | some interesting info on that. In an ideal world,
               | inflation decreases the purchasing power of a dollar, but
               | your employer gives you more of them to compensate for
               | that. That never happened for many people.
        
               | xyzzyz wrote:
               | > Using your housing example again, it doesn't really
               | matter if a house cost $200k 20 years ago and costs $400k
               | now, as long as wages doubled over the same period, all
               | things equal. Inflation is fine (for the purposes of
               | buying a house) as long as wages rise to match that
               | increase.
               | 
               | You are missing one crucial aspect: interest rates. 20
               | years ago, typical interest rate was 8%, so mortgage
               | payments on $200k house were something like $1400/mo.
               | With today's rate of something like 3.2%, the payments on
               | $400k house are something like $1700/mo, which is 20%
               | higher. To keep the affordability the same between now
               | and then, the nominal wages need only grow 20%, and if
               | they actually doubled, this would hugely increase
               | affordability.
        
               | savanaly wrote:
               | Good X and Good Y both increase in price over some period
               | of time, but one does by 2% and the other by 4%. What is
               | the true value of inflation? 2% or 4%? Or is it 3%? Or is
               | it 3.5% because you buy one of the goods twice as often
               | as the other? That's a question of first philosophical
               | origins, and there's no "right" answer.
               | 
               | Particularly if one of those is a house and in the period
               | of time mentioned houses not only got more expensive but
               | they changed in character, being more resistant to
               | earthquakes because of reinforced foundations, and
               | because the fire departments built near them got new
               | hoses for their trucks. So if houses were the one that
               | went up by 4% but they also increased in quality, should
               | we "count" them as having gone up by 4%? After all it's
               | not like your money buys you 4% less house since it
               | actually buys you a slightly different house but for 4%
               | more. Now multiply the number of products and dimensions
               | by a thousand or hundred thousand each and we have the
               | true problem of compiling CPI.
        
               | Cederfjard wrote:
               | I guess that still leaves the question that since it is
               | so difficult, is the CPI actually useful?
        
               | xyzzyz wrote:
               | Yes, because CPI is a product of both market forces and
               | changes in money supply. The former is not controlled
               | much by anyone, while the latter is controlled by some
               | very rough and not easily predictable knobs held by guys
               | at Fed. Guys at Fed are committed to keep CPI at
               | something like constant 2%, so the must turn these knobs,
               | but for that they need a good feedback as to what their
               | movements are doing.
               | 
               | And sure, they could use something different as a measure
               | of inflation than CPI, but what would that be, and why it
               | would be better than CPI? These questions need to be
               | answered first before we move away from CPI.
        
               | pas wrote:
               | The Fed's dual mandate is very important here. And
               | there's some movement toward "automatic QE in case
               | unemployment starts to rise" -
               | https://www.stitcher.com/show/voxs-the-weeds/episode/fix-
               | rec... (Matt Yglesias wonktalks with Claudia Sahm, very
               | recommended)
               | 
               | CPI is very important, but the labor numbers are much
               | better (since they are easier to measure), so CPI might
               | become a secondary (high level, target) metric over time.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | bcrosby95 wrote:
               | The problem is laymen care about cost of living, not CPI.
               | But news agencies commonly talk about inflation with CPI
               | rather than an actual cost of living. Which is what
               | matters to people living ordinary lives.
               | 
               | Given this, the answers to your questions should be
               | obvious. The answer, as far as laymen are concerned, is
               | 3.5%. Improvements don't matter either. If we eliminated
               | every car other than a Porsche, as far as laymen are
               | concerned then car inflation went up by around 150%.
        
               | mywittyname wrote:
               | >Given this, the answers to your questions should be
               | obvious.
               | 
               | If the answer seems obvious, then the question isn't
               | fully understood, because there are trade-offs involved
               | in CPI calculations.
               | 
               | There's no such thing as a "layman." Different people in
               | different regions experience different CPI. Inflation for
               | all goods in the Northeast might be 2.1% over the past
               | ten years, but could be 1.6% in the South for the same
               | basket. that might not sound like much, but that means
               | that inflation is rising 25% faster in the Northeast.
               | 
               | No matter what you do, CPI at a national level won't
               | accurately reflect any group. People in the South will
               | claim it's way too high, and people in the NE will
               | complain that it's way too low, etc, etc.
               | 
               | If you want real numbers, relevant to your situation,
               | then the BLS provides the ability to calculate your own
               | person CPI based on what you buy and where you live.
        
               | reedjosh wrote:
               | > Good X and Good Y both increase in price over some
               | period of time, but one does by 2% and the other by 4%.
               | What is the true value of inflation? 2% or 4%? Or is it
               | 3%? Or is it 3.5% because you buy one of the goods twice
               | as often as the other? That's a question of first
               | philosophical origins, and there's no "right" answer.
               | 
               | Shouldn't the solution basically be how much monthly or
               | yearly does an average consumer spend on x good, and then
               | that is included in the calculation of inflation by that
               | amount.
               | 
               | So if the average consumer spends 30% on housing, then
               | housing should be 30% of the measurement.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | Yes. What then should happen when Good Z is invented and
               | grows from 0% to substitute for 25% of Good Y?
               | 
               | How should a measure of inflation track that?
               | 
               | What if Good X becomes half as expensive per unit but
               | people consume twice as much of it as a result? Should
               | that be reflected as a reduction of inflation? If housing
               | per front door goes up by 100% but only up per square
               | foot [or room] by 50%, should the inflation rate of
               | housing be 50%, 75%, or 100%?
        
               | lumost wrote:
               | TBH looking at my budgets I think this type of argument
               | is missing the point.
               | 
               | Excluding savings, My budget boils down to discretionary
               | and non-discretionary spending. Roughly 1/4th of my
               | budget is fully discretionary and will vary year to year
               | with what I like to do, tracking inflation on the
               | discretionary portion seems like a high difficulty
               | activity which ultimately doesn't matter to my perception
               | of prices.
               | 
               | The remaining 75% of my budget is non-discretionary
               | covering items like
               | 
               | - Housing ~1/4
               | 
               | - Childcare ~1/4
               | 
               | - Food ~1/8
               | 
               | - Non-discretionary expenses (repairs, car, phone,
               | computer, etc. ) ~1/8
               | 
               | I'm fortunate that my healthcare is inexpensive at the
               | moment, but it's pretty straightforward to calculate my
               | future expected health costs and my previous education
               | costs. I'd judge that calculating inflation on the non-
               | discretionary portion of my budget should be trivial,
               | small items like phones/computers simply do not add up to
               | much relative to the big ones like housing, childcare,
               | food, health, and education.
               | 
               | Ironically the CPI seems to focus on the magic basket of
               | goods and not what will actually move the needle for
               | perceived costs by most individuals.
        
             | syshum wrote:
             | it also has real world consequences as CPI is used as a
             | metric for all manners of things, including COLA increases
             | for Social security, as even some private companies.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | novok wrote:
             | Is there an index that isn't a 'consumer price index' but a
             | 'cost of living index' instead then? An index that includes
             | the basics of life like food, energy costs, shelter,
             | transport, education, healthcare and some basic consumer
             | goods? I think the issue most have with CPI is it's often
             | sold as a cost of living index by media, politicians and
             | policy makers and it makes people feel unheard as a result.
             | 
             | "My cost of living has doubled but your saying everything
             | is fine since the CPI has only gone up %3!!!" and general
             | 'let them eat cake' style behaviors saying that iPads are
             | 'so much cheaper'[0] is the general feeling I get.
             | 
             | [0] https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-fed-dudley-
             | ipad/ipad-...
        
               | andrepd wrote:
               | _> general  'let them eat cake' style behaviors saying
               | that iPads are 'so much cheaper'_
               | 
               | This is a good visualisation of which things got cheaper
               | and others got more expensive, over the last 20 years in
               | the USA. It shows how a "consumer price index" in which,
               | for example, the price of tobacco is weighted at >50% the
               | price of education, can make it seem like it's all okay.
               | 
               | https://cdn.substack.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,f
               | l_p...
               | 
               | This post is also good in that it layers the hike in the
               | price of insulin on the above graph. Be prepared to
               | scroll.
               | 
               | https://insulin.substack.com/p/the-price-of-insulin-vs-
               | the-p...
        
               | em500 wrote:
               | 1. The current BLS weights for Education is 3.033%, for
               | Tobacco and smoking products 0.608%, that's 20%, not >50%
               | [1].
               | 
               | 2. There are around 20mln Americans in college, versus
               | around 34mln adult smokers. Be careful about peer-group
               | bias: how many of your friends smoke, how many went to
               | college?
               | 
               | [1] https://www.bls.gov/cpi/tables/relative-
               | importance/2020.htm
        
               | kbelder wrote:
               | Maybe the Libertarian in me is coming out when I look at
               | that chart, but it sure seems that the sectors of the
               | economy that increased in price the most are also the
               | most regulated and subsidized.
        
               | ghayes wrote:
               | Without delving into the data, wouldn't a plausible
               | explanation be that we regulate and/or subsidize those
               | industries _because_ they are the most inflationary?
               | Industries with downward price trends don't often need
               | consumer protections.
        
               | handoflixue wrote:
               | It seems like for TVs, it's more that you get a better TV
               | for your money, not that people are spending less on
               | them? A cursory Google search suggests $500-$1,000 was
               | the norm in the 90s, and that seems to be about what
               | people are spending these days too. I can find a nice 24
               | inch one for $100, but I expect you could find cheaper
               | TVs in the 90s too.
               | 
               | (http://www.tvhistory.tv/tv-prices.htm)
        
               | em500 wrote:
               | The CPI includes shelter, food, energy, transport,
               | education, medical care, clothing, recreation, and
               | others, with weights that by and large make sense to me:
               | https://www.bls.gov/cpi/tables/relative-
               | importance/2020.htm
               | 
               | What do you think is missing, or mis-weighted?
        
               | whoisninja wrote:
               | http://www.chapwoodindex.org/
        
               | chartpath wrote:
               | Interesting, thanks!
               | 
               | Not an index per se but the Canadian Centre for Policy
               | Alternatives publishes living wage reports, here is how
               | they calculated it in the last one (2019): https://www.po
               | licyalternatives.ca/sites/default/files/upload...
        
               | cascom wrote:
               | I've always wanted to see this + I would love to see two
               | Versions of this, one for a 25th percentile earner, and
               | another for 75th percentile. E.g a) what it costs to rent
               | a modest apartment, drive a Honda Civic, shop at Walmart,
               | have 2.5 kids in public school etc. and B) own a home in
               | a metro area, drive an entry level luxury car, shop at
               | Whole Foods, send kids to private college etc.
               | 
               | It's my perception that there is not much inflation in
               | some areas of the market (chicken thighs at Kroger) and
               | tons for the "keeping up with the Jones's" set (organic
               | produce, private school education etc)
               | 
               | My point being that inflation can be quite different
               | based on different baskets of goods / consumption
               | patterns
        
             | pnutjam wrote:
             | You forgot the quotes around "economist". Economics is
             | still not science, it's getting closer; but the whole field
             | ignores stuff and deals with spherical cows to simplify
             | complexities.
             | 
             | This, of course, makes it wildly inaccurate.
        
               | CodeMage wrote:
               | You know you can be a "professional X" without X being a
               | science, right? It simply means that X is your
               | profession. Some examples of professions that are not
               | sciences: racer, chef, journalist, writer, singer.
        
               | pnutjam wrote:
               | Yes, but those professions have agreed upon norms and
               | standards that can be measured. Did you win, Does it
               | taste good, is it accurate and easy to follow, etc...
               | Economists are all over the place you an pick and choose
               | different theories to support any Point of view.
        
               | CodeMage wrote:
               | I'm sorry, but no, they don't. Out of all of the examples
               | I used, only one has agreed-upon norms and standards that
               | can be _measured_ : racing.
               | 
               | All the other examples I used -- chef, journalist,
               | writer, singer -- can win awards and recognition:
               | Michelin stars, Pulitzer, Hugo, Nebula, Grammy, and such.
               | Those are good indicators of their accomplishments, but
               | that's not the same as having a set of "agreed-upon norms
               | and standards that can be measured".
               | 
               | And if you decide to relax your criteria and say that
               | having those is acceptable, then guess what? There's a
               | Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, and a slew of
               | other awards for economists.
               | 
               | Like it or not, studying economics is something that
               | people can and do dedicate their lives to. Would it be
               | better if we had more clarity, transparency, and
               | consensus when it comes to what they do? Absolutely. But
               | dismissing the whole profession out of hand is unhelpful.
        
               | pnutjam wrote:
               | I don't dismiss the profession. I dismiss the
               | professionals. They need to provide more proof then
               | identifying as a professional exactly because it is not a
               | science. I also need to understand their biases and
               | agenda. Honestly it's usually easier to just ignore them
               | and give their opinion no weight greater then anyone
               | else.
        
               | CodeMage wrote:
               | I agree with everything you wrote except that last
               | sentence, and that is exactly what I refer to as
               | "dismissing the profession". Understanding their biases
               | and agenda is by no means trivial, or even easy, but it's
               | most likely a lot easier than spending all the time they
               | spent on studying the subject matter.
        
               | pnutjam wrote:
               | Fair enough, an actual economics professional might have
               | some insight is you can ensure your not talking to a
               | voodoo economics professional.
               | 
               | Economic theory is good for asking questions and maybe
               | creating a standard. It has a dismal record of answering
               | questions.
        
               | Robotbeat wrote:
               | Scientists in the physical realm would NEVER approximate
               | things as spherical cows! ;)
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | georgeecollins wrote:
             | >> CPI (it doesn't include housing..
             | 
             | Uh no, housing is 32% of the CPI.
             | 
             | Source : https://arbor.com/blog/how-does-rent-factor-into-
             | the-consume...
             | 
             | It doesn't track well with the experience of people on this
             | forum because young professionals tend to live in cities
             | with crushing rental markets, especially Silicon Valley.
             | But the whole country, particularly thoseliving in houses
             | not in New York or California, have a different experience.
        
           | joshstrange wrote:
           | > Many economists, mind you, believe CPI doesn't correct
           | quite enough, and suspect that it overstates the inflation it
           | hopes to measure by around 1%. This is because it tracks the
           | actual prices of a certain "market basket" of goods with
           | specific products in it, and that basket gets out of date, as
           | people substitute products.
           | 
           | Please provide a source to back up this claim, everything
           | I've seen says inflation is /under/-stated, not over. CPI
           | absolutely takes into account substitute products and CPI is
           | not simply tracking a basket of items over time.
        
           | sooheon wrote:
           | The CPI is about as good an index as the DJIA--i.e. it's
           | pretty meaningless but everyone refers to it out of inertia.
        
           | whoisninja wrote:
           | do you realize all the calculations use CPI? the bond market
           | is highly manipulated because of that, why have a market
           | then? why are retail accounts in germany, netherland already
           | negative rates? does that make sense to you? can banks make
           | money that way? danger of nationalization of banking?
           | 
           | personal beef? no. I thought this is a forum for civil
           | discussion and reasoning?
        
             | fennecfoxen wrote:
             | > do you realize all the calculations use CPI?
             | 
             | Whose calculations? The Federal Reserve's calculations? The
             | Federal Reserve has access to a variety of data sources,
             | and while the CPI is the one that gets the press, they also
             | use series like the chained CPI, the producer price index,
             | bond yield curves, unemployment (and not just U3, but
             | things like U6 and the labor force participation rate).
             | 
             | If all you hear about is vanilla CPI, well, that's because
             | you're looking at a newspaper.
             | 
             | Anyway, as I said. You have a beef with the Federal
             | Reserve.
             | 
             | > why are retail accounts in germany, netherland already
             | negative rates?
             | 
             | Public policy, as effected by the European Central Bank.
             | Perhaps you have a beef with them too.
             | 
             | > does that make sense to you?
             | 
             | I mean, it makes sense as in "I understand why they do it",
             | not as in "I think this is a great thing".
             | 
             | > can banks make money that way?
             | 
             | I've read that low interest rates do, in fact, squeeze
             | their profits, though with regards to Germany the "three-
             | pillar" system is crufty and weird and squeezes profits
             | too. For instance, here is this lovely article I saw a
             | while back, whose subhead notes "Low interest rates and the
             | three-pillar system squish profits":
             | https://www.economist.com/finance-and-
             | economics/2019/03/02/c...
             | 
             | > danger of nationalization of banking?
             | 
             | I'm not sure what you're talking about any more. It seems
             | very detached from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, or
             | European equivalent.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | nostrademons wrote:
               | Does the Fed look at inflation numbers within individual
               | industries and metro regions?
               | 
               | Here's what I'm worried about: if you look at historical
               | examples like say the 1970s inflation, or the post-Cold-
               | War Warsaw Pact hyperinflations, or the post WW-2
               | hyperinflations in many European countries, _prices didn
               | 't rise uniformly_. Some industry or some region would
               | experience very large inflation, and then eventually it
               | would get transmitted to that industry's customers, or
               | their suppliers. It's basically a network contagion,
               | spread across the links in the economy.
               | 
               | We're seeing the early stages of this happen _right now_
               | - that 's what the article is about.
               | 
               | Powell's public comments are that "inflation doesn't turn
               | on a dime" and "we're likely to see some localized price
               | increases within certain industries, but no generalized
               | inflation." The thing is - I know from history that the
               | former _can be_ false (particularly in wartime, and
               | shifts from a controlled to a market economy, and the
               | recovery from COVID has aspects of both), and the latter
               | tells me that he 's looking at the same data that I am
               | but drawing the opposite conclusion. If 5% of firms are
               | experiencing 30% inflation and the rest are experiencing
               | no inflation, the PPI will read 1.5%. If that 30%
               | inflation is in a core industry though (say food, or
               | energy, or labor) and they pass it along to all their
               | customers, then within 1-2 years you could have 30%
               | inflation across the whole economy without passing
               | through the 2% stage.
               | 
               | It's giving me COVID tingles from last year, where in
               | March your _overall_ risk of getting COVID in the U.S.
               | was about 1:100,000, but your risk in NYC was 30%. Then
               | suddenly your risk in Phoenix was 40%, and your risk in
               | South Dakota was 50%, and then your risk in LA was 30%,
               | and suddenly about 20% of the country has had it.
               | 
               | Poke holes in my reasoning, please.
        
             | smachiz wrote:
             | I don't really have a dog in this fight other than to point
             | out your initial post was neither civil nor reasoned - and
             | included not citations or facts.
             | 
             | I'm starting to understand what you're insinuating I think,
             | but you still haven't made your point.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | mywittyname wrote:
             | The European bond market has little connection to the
             | American CPI. European rates are determined by a complex
             | market of futures and interest rate swaps between various
             | banks and markets. Knowing that, negative interest rates
             | make plenty of sense, because interest rates in Europe are
             | relative to other currencies -- unlike in the US, where
             | interest rates are based in a single currency.
        
           | CyberRabbi wrote:
           | > But if someone's "punishing savers" and "perpetuating
           | consumerism", it's not the index, and it's not the people
           | compiling the index, and it's not the people trying to make
           | the index more accurate by adjusting for quality.
           | 
           | I've seen this a lot around the net and I'm honestly and
           | genuinely curious. What drives you to defend the CPI?
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | >What drives you to defend the CPI?
             | 
             | What drives you to question the motives of the commenter
             | rather than responding to his arguments directly?
        
               | CyberRabbi wrote:
               | I have no intention of refuting his arguments. I have no
               | strong position on the value of the CPI. OTOH I've
               | noticed repeated vociferous defenses of the CPI across
               | various Internet forums which seems out of the ordinary
               | for me, so I'm naturally curious in what drives it. This
               | is not trying to dismiss his argument, I just want to
               | understand from where it's coming because I think I'm
               | missing something.
        
               | em500 wrote:
               | I have occasionally come to the defence of CPI in several
               | threads. What drives is usually that the critic shows
               | little knowledge about that the CPI is and/or how it's
               | actually calculated. There are real technical issues with
               | CPI estimations. But forum and blog posts rarely reach
               | beyond the level of "everything I bought/want to buy is
               | getting more expensive faster than the CPI, so it must be
               | bogus".
               | 
               | It triggers me in a similar way, I think, as comments
               | like "my (sisters'/neighbours') kid got really sick after
               | his vaccination, so vaccines are very dangerous". A small
               | number of people really do get sick after (and sometimes
               | even from) vaccines, and probably no amount of research
               | will override their personal experience. But it's a bit
               | disheartening if the level of discourse never rises much
               | above personal experiences.
        
               | jjav wrote:
               | This is because media and government (in various
               | computations) use CPI when talking about inflation, so it
               | is natural for them to become used interchangeably.
               | 
               | Since CPI doesn't reflect inflation, it is natural to
               | criticize it for failing at that. Maybe it was never
               | meant to reflect inflation, but that seems about as
               | futile as trying to argue for the proper, original
               | meaning of the term "hacker", not what media made it to
               | be.
        
               | bingbong70 wrote:
               | He's right, defending the CPI calculation is almost
               | criminal. Many people on fixed incomes that are adjusted
               | based on the CPI are negatively affected. This bogus
               | formula will be conveniently altered to stay under 2% if
               | inflation creeps into the basket of goods being
               | calculated.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >He's right
               | 
               | Perhaps, but the right way to approach this is to point
               | out the factual errors, rather than making thinly veiled
               | insinuations that his opponent is a shill for the BLS or
               | whatever.
               | 
               | >defending the CPI calculation is almost criminal
               | 
               | Ah yes, because the only possible explanation for why
               | people don't hold the same beliefs as you is because
               | they're acting with malice.
               | 
               | For this and the previous point I refer you to the site
               | guidelines:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html, namely:
               | 
               |  _Please don 't post insinuations about astroturfing,
               | shilling, brigading, foreign agents and the like. It
               | degrades discussion and is usually mistaken. _
               | 
               | _Assume good faith._
               | 
               | >Many people on fixed incomes that are adjusted based on
               | the CPI are negatively affected. This bogus formula will
               | be conveniently altered to stay under 2% if inflation
               | creeps into the basket of goods being calculated.
               | 
               | All this does is provide a motive for why CPI might be
               | wrong, but stops short of providing evidence or counter-
               | arguments.
        
               | CyberRabbi wrote:
               | > making thinly veiled insinuations that his opponent is
               | a shill for the BLS or whatever.
               | 
               | That was definitely not what I was doing at all. If I am
               | giving off that impression then that's my mistake but
               | this is purely a curiosity.
               | 
               | > Please don't post insinuations about astroturfing,
               | shilling, brigading, foreign agents and the like. It
               | degrades discussion and is usually mistaken.
               | 
               | > Assume good faith.
               | 
               | Please do me the same courtesy friend. This is out of a
               | genuine curiosity for knowledge.
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | >The consumer price index is a series of numbers designed to
           | help people understand what dollar-denominated figures mean
           | to ordinary people going about their lives, spending those
           | dollars.
           | 
           | It's done an absolutely terrible job for the past 15 years,
           | for my lifestyle and where I live. I suspect it hasn't
           | reflect many other people's budgets either, hence the common
           | argument of official CPI figures being nonsense.
           | 
           | I don't even have to look at anything other than the changing
           | health insurance premiums/deductibles/co pays/out of pocket
           | maximums to prove it, not to mention real estate, childcare,
           | taxes, and education. It eviscerates any downward effect tech
           | products and grocery prices might have.
        
             | souprock wrote:
             | My anecdote is as valid as your anecdote. Life got cheaper
             | over the past 15 years, not counting changes in family
             | size.
             | 
             | I used to have insurance co-payment, a deduction from my
             | paycheck, and an unreachable out-of-pocket maximum. All of
             | that has changed.
             | 
             | I used to pay about $1200 rent for a crummy house in a
             | dangerous neighborhood. Now, with a paid-off mortgage, I
             | pay just $266 for property tax on a house that is 3109
             | square feet on 0.39 acres.
             | 
             | Childcare is my wife, so $0 then and now. Income tax
             | remains $0 due to child deductions. Sales tax is about 7%,
             | relatively unchanged.
             | 
             | Education is a new expense compared to 15 years ago when
             | nobody was in school. If I look back more than 20 years
             | instead, to when I was in college, I can see that college
             | has gotten cheaper. Tuition is a tiny bit lower, but the
             | big change is that tuition and books for the first couple
             | years are now free if you get it done in high school. That
             | cuts the price in half.
             | 
             | This is not to say that I pay less. I now have a huge
             | family. Things are cheaper, but I'm buying much more.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | There have been several eras in computing where a peripheral
           | had a surplus of capability that applications were not making
           | compelling use of. Most especially video cards.
           | 
           | Then one day cards are 'good enough' that someone builds an
           | application that leverages this power, and all of a sudden
           | that becomes the new baseline. Over night you went from
           | having a video card that is three times what you need to a
           | third of what you need.
           | 
           | We might consider availability of seafood to be a given now,
           | due to improvements in food logistics. But it wasn't always
           | the case. For sure strawberries in winter were just not a
           | thing one would buy until relatively recently.
           | 
           | If I wanted vitamin C in February before it would probably be
           | in the form of jam or tomato sauce.
        
           | lumost wrote:
           | > Many economists, mind you, believe CPI doesn't correct
           | quite enough, and suspect that it overstates the inflation it
           | hopes to measure by around 1%. This is because it tracks the
           | actual prices of a certain "market basket" of goods with
           | specific products in it, and that basket gets out of date, as
           | people substitute products.
           | 
           | These substitutions are tricky, if hypothetically a consumer
           | can move from eating fresh local produce to preserved canned
           | produce then it's likely they will make the switch under
           | price pressure when fresh produce increases in cost by 2x.
           | You could calculate CPI based on the new realized purchasing
           | patterns - or you could calculate it based on the desired
           | purchasing pattern.
           | 
           | Basing CPI on realized purchasing behavior will lead to
           | errors in how inflation is perceived or where consumers are
           | trading quality for cost. From a monetary policy perspective
           | ignoring this consumer tradeoff could lead to sudden shifts
           | in CPI when consumers run out of quality substitutions.
           | 
           | I'd argue we've seen this in housing in the major cities
           | where first home prices were excluded for rental equivalent,
           | then rental quality fell in both the amount of space
           | available in a unit as well as the overall quality of the
           | unit. Eventually you hit the wall where quality can't be
           | traded off any longer and you're left with many people who
           | can't legally house themselves.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _It 's completely subjective and BS_
         | 
         |  _Any_ measure of inflation is subjective. That doesn 't make
         | it B.S.
         | 
         | Inflation is a measure on a basket of goods. There is no single
         | basket because people buy different things. This is why there
         | is no single CPI statistic.
         | 
         | Find a CPI that works for you. The federally-provided ones go
         | as fine-grained as income bracket and metropolitan area.
         | They're extremely precise, but may not be accurate if you have
         | unusual purchasing habits.
        
           | whoisninja wrote:
           | only if you ignore what kind of impact this stupidity has on
           | financial markets if you care about markets
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _what kind of impact this stupidity has on financial
             | markets_
             | 
             | Almost financial market professional, including those at
             | the Fed, is tracking multiple measures of inflation.
        
         | jerry1979 wrote:
         | The Fed uses PCE instead of CPI in their calculations. It might
         | make your argument more convincing if you included an critique
         | of PCE in addition to CPI.
         | 
         | https://www.clevelandfed.org/newsroom-and-events/publication...
        
           | whoisninja wrote:
           | depends what you mean by "Fed uses" as blanket term
           | 
           | TIPS use CPI like a lot of other things in bond math: https:/
           | /www.treasurydirect.gov/indiv/products/prod_tips_glan...
        
         | INGELRII wrote:
         | > Technology is deflationary, things should get cheaper because
         | we go after producing them in creative ways one demand is high.
         | 
         | And as a consequence the wages you earned by making tech year
         | ago should have less value than the wage you earned today. You
         | should expect small inflation. If you want deflationary money,
         | wages should decline year by year.
         | 
         | If you want to save, don't hold cash.
        
           | whoisninja wrote:
           | if i want to save, don't hold cash?
           | 
           | hold what then? become investment manager in free time
           | instead of my day job as software developer?
        
             | thekyle wrote:
             | You don't need to become an investment manager to invest in
             | stocks and bonds any more than you need to become a bank
             | manager to have a bank account.
             | 
             | Just buy a mutual fund (preferably indexed) from somewhere
             | like Vanguard and let them figure it out.
        
             | INGELRII wrote:
             | Low cost index funds for over 7 year investment horizon.
             | 
             | If you are in the US and just want to keep the value,
             | Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) directly
             | from the U.S. Treasury. https://www.treasurydirect.gov/indi
             | v/research/indepth/tips/r...
        
             | vkou wrote:
             | If you want to be prudent, hold land, stocks, or bonds.
             | Buy-and-forget with stocks, on average, outperforms both
             | inflation, and actively managed portfolios.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | whoisninja wrote:
               | until you need the money to pay big emergency bills,
               | which at he wrong time can wipe you out no wonder there
               | are half a million bankruptcies per year because of
               | medical bills in the US and 40% of people have no savin
               | and another significant portion doesn't have enough
               | saving to spend time to invest in stocks, bonds and
               | land(land also comes with perpetual high property taxes
               | in most places in the US)
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | In the unlikely event you end up with giant medical
               | bills, despite having health insurance, it doesn't matter
               | whether your money was invested well, or poorly. The
               | hospital will happily take every penny.
               | 
               | For the other overwhelming majority of life events, you
               | should invest your savings prudently, instead of stuffing
               | them into a mattress.
               | 
               | If you have no savings, this is a moot point - but so is
               | inflation. Why do you care that money is losing value if
               | you don't have any?
               | 
               | If anything, if you are in debt, you want inflation -
               | because it lets you inflate your debt away.
        
         | asdff wrote:
         | How do you quantify waste? If I peel a potato, is the skin
         | factored into the waste? I think there are a lot of foods we
         | waste simply because you _can 't_ get all the yield out of the
         | given mass, so on paper maybe you do only use half the pumpkin
         | after you peel it, remove the stem, take out the guts, and turn
         | it into a pie.
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | > CPI is a joke, they do something called hedonic adjustments
         | to things like tech products etc.
         | 
         | Hedonic adjustments have very minor effects on tech products
         | (which is one of the few areas I've seen a detailed impact
         | analysis, though not recently enough that I have it at hand.)
         | 
         | > Technology is deflationary, things should get cheaper because
         | we go after producing them in creative ways one demand is high.
         | 
         | And...they do. Hedonic adjustments have an effect on how that
         | is reflected in inflation statistics, but they don't effect the
         | underlying processes.
         | 
         | > CPI is absurd, it only perpetuates consumerism and punishes
         | savers
         | 
         | I think your are (among other errors with that description)
         | confusing _measuring_ inflation with policies _targeting_ a
         | small positive level of inflation. CPI doesn 't do either of
         | those things.
        
           | whoisninja wrote:
           | https://www.lynalden.com/november-2020-newsletter/
        
         | kache_ wrote:
         | Everyone knows CPI is not analogous to reality. Why would it
         | be. Just look at house prices
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | pas wrote:
           | Your argument doesn't really "disprove" CPI, as it has many
           | components - https://www.businessinsider.com/consumer-price-
           | inflation-com...
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | Because houses are assets, which are closer to stocks than
           | food or cars.
        
             | throwawaygh wrote:
             | Housing prices reflect the cost of shelter for literally
             | everyone who doesn't already own a house.
             | 
             | Shelter is much closer to "food" than to "a piece of paper
             | representing a stake in part of a corporation".
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >Housing prices reflect the cost of shelter for literally
               | everyone who doesn't already own a house.
               | 
               | Right, but using the raw purchase price of the house
               | isn't a good measure. Mortgage rates dropping would cause
               | housing prices to go up even if monthly payments stay the
               | same. What actually matters is how much you spend per
               | month on rent, or if you owned your house, the imputed
               | rent.
               | 
               | >Shelter is much closer to "food" than to "a piece of
               | paper representing a stake in part of a corporation".
               | 
               | From a finance perspective there's no difference between
               | a house and a share in a corporation. They're both
               | productive assets that provide returns. In the case of a
               | house, it provides shelter as a service, which can either
               | be consumed by the owner (by living it it), or by selling
               | it (renting it out). The only difference is that with a
               | house, the relation to you is more direct, as opposed to
               | a tiny fraction of a multinational entity.
        
               | clairity wrote:
               | you've implicitly bought into the finance perspective,
               | but it's not the only valid perspective by a long shot.
               | consider at least the humanist perspective that _people
               | need to live in housing_ , and that it's not all about
               | money and wealth. this is a critical weakness of many
               | economics perspectives in relation to how the world
               | really works, and an active area of research in
               | economics.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | I'll reuse an argument from another comment I made: sure,
               | let's accept that we need to treat housing differently
               | because people _need_ housing. Should we do the same for
               | food? People _need_ to eat as well. Does that mean we
               | should factor in the cost of arable land into the CPI?
        
               | clairity wrote:
               | you'd asserted a simple statement that houses are (edit:
               | only) assets, which is trivially rejected by showing just
               | one of many other valid perspectives. that there is a
               | spectrum of goods and diversity of economic intricacy
               | among that range doesn't validate your original
               | statement.
               | 
               | the broader point is that asserting a house is just an
               | asset is more a value statement (and more abstractly, an
               | aggression) than a truism. investment has generally
               | become decoupled from its intended purpose of producing
               | value for the many, not just the few (i.e., the efficient
               | allocation of capital), and this kind of misguidance
               | contributes to that kind of misallocation.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >you'd asserted a simple statement that houses are
               | assets, which is trivially rejected by showing just one
               | of many other valid perspectives. that there is a
               | spectrum of goods and diversity of economic intricacy
               | among that range doesn't validate your original
               | statement.
               | 
               | Not exactly, because there are two definition of "asset".
               | From wikipedia:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asset
               | 
               | >In financial accounting, an asset is any resource owned
               | or controlled by a business or an economic entity.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asset_(economics)
               | 
               | >An asset in economic theory is a durable good which can
               | only be partially consumed (like a portable music player)
               | or input as a factor of production (like a cement mixer)
               | which can only be partially used up in production.
        
               | clairity wrote:
               | apologies, you'd asserted a statement that houses are
               | only assets (as amended above). houses can act as assets
               | in an economic sense, but that's not their primary or
               | sole purpose or source of value.
        
               | throwawaygh wrote:
               | _> What actually matters is how much you spend per month
               | on rent, or if you owned your house, the imputed rent._
               | 
               | Right, but in most markets rent prices track property
               | values. The long-term upward trend in housing prices _is_
               | inflation to approximately everyone who doesn 't own a
               | house. Which, significantly, includes approximately
               | everyone under the age of 20 or not yet born.
               | 
               |  _> From a finance perspective there 's no difference
               | between a house and a share in a corporation._
               | 
               | From an _investor 's_ perspective, perhaps.
               | 
               | But most people are not buying housing primarily as an
               | investment. Most people are buying housing primarily as a
               | way to shelter themselves from the elements.
               | 
               | Consumer finance is finance.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >Right, but in most markets rent prices track property
               | values. The long-term upward trend in housing prices is
               | inflation to approximately everyone who doesn't own a
               | house. Which, significantly, includes approximately
               | everyone under the age of 20 or not yet born.
               | 
               | and that's fine, because rents are tracked directly in
               | the CPI.
               | 
               | >But most people are not buying housing primarily as an
               | investment. Most people are buying housing primarily as a
               | way to shelter themselves from the elements.
               | 
               | That's what they tell themselves, but from an analytical
               | perspective there's no difference between buying a $1M
               | house that provides you $5000/month return in the form of
               | imputed rent, and buying $1M in stocks/bonds that
               | provides you $5000/month return in cash, which you can
               | use to pay rent.
        
               | throwawaygh wrote:
               | _> but from an analytical perspective there 's no
               | difference_
               | 
               | Only for embarrassingly impoverished analytical
               | frameworks.
               | 
               | Unless you know of a bank that will loan me seven figures
               | at sub-3% interest rates based on 10% down and my income,
               | and then let me spend that money in the stock market :)
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >Unless you know of a bank that will loan me seven
               | figures at sub-3% interest rates based on 10% down and my
               | income, and then let me spend that money in the stock
               | market :)
               | 
               | That does indeed make a x% return in the housing market
               | more attractive than a x% return in the stock market, but
               | has to be considered against all the other factors as
               | well eg. diversification, actual returns (historically
               | stocks have higher returns), risk (10x leverage also
               | means 10x more loss), costs (stocks require no upkeep,
               | houses require yearly maintenance), etc. At the end of
               | the day though, it's still an investment as opposed to
               | something you consume.
        
               | PEJOE wrote:
               | > From a finance perspective there's no difference
               | between a house and a share in a corporation. They're
               | both productive assets that provide returns. In the case
               | of a house, it provides shelter as a service, which can
               | either be consumed by the owner (by living it it), or by
               | selling it (renting it out). The only difference is that
               | with a house, the relation to you is more direct, as
               | opposed to a tiny fraction of a multinational entity.
               | 
               | From a finance perspective, theres no difference between
               | food and a share in a corporation. They're both
               | productive assets that provide returns. In the case of
               | food, it provides sustenance as a service, which can
               | either be consumed by the owner (by eating it), or by
               | selling it (on the side of the road, or in a restaurant.)
               | The only difference is that with food, the relation to
               | you is more direct, as opposed to a tiny fraction of a
               | multinational entity, and it depreciates much faster.
               | 
               | /s/
               | 
               | when you have a hammer, everything is a nail. When you
               | see the world through finance, everything is a series of
               | cashflows. The ability of a worldview to be applied to
               | many things does not mean it is applied well to those
               | things.
               | 
               | The primary purpose of a house is to, well, house people.
               | Shelter is a necessity. People who are most vulnerable to
               | inflation are the poor, who mostly rent, and thus pay
               | current market prices. They also pay the most for
               | healthcare on a per care instance basis, and often pay
               | for college with expensive debt (5%) if they go to
               | college.
               | 
               | If CPI, etc, are not measuring these price changes,
               | perhaps we should use another measure that does.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >From a finance perspective, theres no difference between
               | food and a share in a corporation
               | 
               | Clearly not. After you eat a bread, it's gone. After you
               | live in a house it's still there. A better analogy would
               | be something like a farm, which continuously provides
               | sustenance as a service.
               | 
               | >The primary purpose of a house is to, well, house
               | people. Shelter is a necessity. People who are most
               | vulnerable to inflation are the poor, who mostly rent,
               | and thus pay current market prices. They also pay the
               | most for healthcare on a per care instance basis, and
               | often pay for college with expensive debt (5%) if they go
               | to college.
               | 
               | Should farm (or food producing corporation shares) prices
               | be factored into the CPI as well? Like housing, food is
               | also a necessity, and buying a farm would ensure you're
               | protected against inflation in food.
               | 
               | Also, your point about buying housing as some sort of
               | protection against inflation doesn't tell the whole
               | story. Yes, it's a hedge against future rent increases,
               | but here's no free lunch because the inflation is already
               | priced into the price of the house. If rents are expected
               | to 10x in the next 10 years, you can be sure that housing
               | prices will grow accordingly. That's why price-to-rent
               | ratios are insane in coastal cities.
        
               | PEJOE wrote:
               | > Clearly not. After you eat a bread, it's gone. After
               | you live in a house it's still there.
               | 
               | After you live in a house a long time it falls apart.
               | Capital Expenditure restores the asset to its previous
               | value. Bread just depreciates faster. but can still be
               | traded, bought and sold. In Japan houses are often only
               | ever used by one family, and the house is destroyed when
               | the land is sold. I am taking your insistence on a cash
               | flow perspective to its logical extreme to show that it
               | is not always applicable.
               | 
               | Corn is an asset when it is bought and sold. It is food
               | when it is consumed.
               | 
               | > Should farm (or food producing corporation shares)
               | prices be factored into the CPI as well?
               | 
               | I clearly say at the end that if CPI is not measuring
               | these price increases we should use a different measure.
               | I'm not sure you understand what's going on in this
               | conversation, but food is in the CPI.
               | 
               | > Also, your point about buying housing as some sort of
               | protection against inflation doesn't tell the whole
               | story.
               | 
               | Where on earth do I say this? I say that poor people are
               | exposed to inflation the most, especially increases in
               | housing prices. We should have measure for what working
               | Americans are exposed to, and do not.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >After you live in a house a long time it falls apart.
               | Capital Expenditure restores the asset to its previous
               | value. Bread just depreciates faster. but can still be
               | traded, bought and sold. In Japan houses are often only
               | ever used by one family, and the house is destroyed when
               | the land is sold. I am taking your insistence on a cash
               | flow perspective to its logical extreme to show that it
               | is not always applicable.
               | 
               | 1. the part of a house that's getting expensive isn't the
               | house itself, it's the land. the multi-million dollar
               | homes in san francisco would only be worth a few hundred
               | thousand tops if they were moved to rural idaho.
               | 
               | 2. corporations fall part too. more specifically, their
               | physical assets (eg. machines in factories) fall apart.
               | In both cases they're kept up by routine maintenance. The
               | only difference is that in a corporation the maintenance
               | is paid from revenue before profits/dividends are paid
               | out, whereas in a house the maintenance is paid out of
               | pocket by the owner.
               | 
               | 3. it's not a question of deprecation. after you eat a
               | piece of bread it's gone. that's not due to depreciation,
               | it's due to you consuming it.
               | 
               | >I clearly say at the end that if CPI is not measuring
               | these price increases we should use a different measure.
               | I'm not sure you understand what's going on in this
               | conversation, but food is in the CPI.
               | 
               | That's my original point. Rent (and imputed rent) is
               | directly measured in the CPI, so there's no need to
               | measure home prices.
        
             | whoisninja wrote:
             | agreed because housing/RE is also used for
             | speculation/investment and not just utility what portion of
             | valuation is utility in what point in time is hard to tell
        
             | kache_ wrote:
             | Assets are items that generate cash flow. If you live in
             | it, it's a liability and not an asset. Just because its
             | value increases in relation to funny money doesn't mean
             | it's generating cash flow. How much bitcoin do you need to
             | buy a house?
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | Because you have to pay something to live _somewhere_
               | (that 's how gravity + weather works) there's a cost.
               | 
               | If you own vs rent you transfer that payment stream into
               | servicing an asset. Assuming the asset goes up that's
               | generating an implicit cash flow (one you will have
               | access to later when you sell the asset).
               | 
               | If you can buy your house with cash then your "housing"
               | cash stream is suddenly freed to be spent elsewhere, so
               | you "gain" a cash flow you didn't previously have.
               | 
               | You can make a fair argument that this is a semantic
               | quibble or one of the usual human self-deceptions but
               | this is how people implicitly think of it.
        
               | Supermancho wrote:
               | > If you live in it, it's a liability and not an asset.
               | 
               | That's not a disqualification of an asset, if devaluation
               | is outstripped by increased valuation over time. eg I
               | live within a parcel, that parcel is not transformed into
               | a liability.
        
               | curryst wrote:
               | > Assets are items that generate cash flow.
               | 
               | I would disagree with that. Stocks that don't pay
               | dividends don't generate cash flow either. Assets are
               | items that are bought with the intention for them to
               | generate value. That value might be cash flow, or it
               | might be an increase in value so that you can sell it
               | later. Not all assets generate cash in real time (most
               | don't).
               | 
               | A house is an asset because a) it allows you to pay your
               | liabilities for housing into an equity generating
               | account, and b) people generally expect them to increase
               | in value.
               | 
               | To put it another way, if they weren't an asset, people
               | wouldn't care if they depreciated. I don't care that my
               | car depreciates because it isn't an asset; I don't expect
               | it to increase its value or hold its value.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >Assets are items that generate cash flow. If you live in
               | it, it's a liability and not an asset
               | 
               | imputed rent _is_ the cashflow if you live in it.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imputed_rent
        
             | samr71 wrote:
             | In the United States, maybe, but this is not true
             | everywhere. In Japan, for instance, houses are treated more
             | as depreciating assets like cars.
             | 
             | You can buy a brand new 4 Bedroom house in a nice part of
             | Tokyo for ~$300,000, but don't expect to make money on the
             | deal.
        
         | eru wrote:
         | You might like "Less Than Zero: The Case for a Falling Price
         | Level in a Growing Economy". Available for free online at
         | http://www.iea.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/files...
         | 
         | More or less the author argues that stable nominal spending, ie
         | a constant level of nominal GDP, is pretty much ideal. And
         | would lead to falling prices as you suggest.
         | 
         | If you replace constant level with 'target a level of nominal
         | GDP that rises 4% every year' you have pretty mainstream
         | position.
         | 
         | Inflation measures are indeed somewhat subject. Nominal GDP has
         | less suggement calls.
         | 
         | (It's still useful to try and measure inflation. But perhaps it
         | should not be a policy target.)
        
           | whoisninja wrote:
           | of course Mr. Selgin is influenced by Hayek, probably worth a
           | read. thanks for sharing
        
             | eru wrote:
             | If you are expecting pure Hayek, you are in for a ride:
             | 
             | George Selgin is a dyed-in-the-wool fan of fractional
             | reserve banking. (And with good reason.)
        
               | whoisninja wrote:
               | ah, i mean it is still ok to try to read arguments of
               | both sides ... it's not like Hayek or people like us know
               | it all
        
               | eru wrote:
               | I wouldn't call it 'both sides'. For one, there are more
               | than two sides. For the other, George Sergin is very much
               | some-kind-of Austrian. Perhaps the most interesting one.
               | 
               | See also eg https://www.alt-m.org/2015/07/29/there-was-
               | no-place-like-can...
        
               | whoisninja wrote:
               | good point man
        
       | nashashmi wrote:
       | I had a dream recently on this topic. Price of food inflating.
       | And clothing too. And inversely housing prices dropping.
       | 
       | And then it made sense to me. When the cost of everyday goods go
       | up, there is more money flowing in meager industries.
       | 
       | That means more money for the average joe. (Or it used to be
       | before robot corporations overtook farming.)
       | 
       | And that means more concentration of resources for the normal
       | guy. Which means smaller housing compared to McMansions. And
       | smaller cost of living all around. The problem is that today's
       | large rich population become not so well off. And poor people hit
       | a better standard of living.
       | 
       | Higher food prices may be a good thing.
        
       | bfrog wrote:
       | So housing and food has gone up dramatically, but still
       | "inflation is low" is the story. Doesn't and hasn't passed the
       | smell test in a decade.
        
         | bradleyjg wrote:
         | 1.8% (housing) and 3% (food) are dramatic increases to you?
         | 
         | You would not have liked the 80s.
        
           | sudosysgen wrote:
           | Where do you get 1.8%? Do you mean 1.8% over inflation?
           | Because the nominal increase is of 4.3%, and that was during
           | a pandemic year with a rent moratorium, it seems to be
           | increasing even faster.
           | 
           | But 2% per year faster than inflation is already quite bad.
           | Remember, this is exponential.
        
             | fennecfoxen wrote:
             | > the nominal increase is of 4.3%, and that was during a
             | pandemic year
             | 
             | Well, of course. Using office space in many areas is
             | illegal, and even where it's not, it's unwise. People are
             | substituting residential-housing space, instead, so demand
             | is way, way up. Construction is booming, but not so quickly
             | as to take the edge off those prices.
             | 
             | > with a rent moratorium
             | 
             | ?!?!? whatchew talkin' 'bout
        
               | sudosysgen wrote:
               | I'm not talking about the increase in value, I'm talking
               | about housing expenses.
               | 
               | There is/was a rent moratorium in the US, which would
               | have reduced housing expenses in practice.
        
               | abeyer wrote:
               | > There is/was a rent moratorium in the US
               | 
               | But that's just not true. There may have been some small
               | local/regional areas that did (not aware of any, but
               | maybe...) and some individual landlords may have, but
               | there was never a federal rent moratorium.
               | 
               | What was done at the federal level was a temporary
               | _eviction_ moratorium... but rents are still incurred and
               | due (plus penalties and interest for late payments.) The
               | restriction is simply that landlords can't evict during
               | the period of the moratorium for late/non-payment anyone
               | who lost jobs/hours during the pandemic and would likely
               | become homeless or be forced to live with additional
               | people.
        
             | bradleyjg wrote:
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26386135
        
         | reedf1 wrote:
         | "But TVs are cheaper!"
         | 
         | I guess my TV is a good emergency snack for when I can't afford
         | food.
        
           | bigwavedave wrote:
           | > "But TVs are cheaper!" I guess my TV is a good emergency
           | snack for when I can't afford food.
           | 
           | Only if it's an Apple ;).
           | 
           | I'm sorry, I'll show myself out.
        
         | fennecfoxen wrote:
         | "Something important is more expensive, but 'it's just that
         | something, and not everything ever'. Doesn't pass the smell
         | test."
        
         | QuadmasterXLII wrote:
         | Its probably being cancelled out in the basket by healthcare
         | and education prices skyrocketing. Oh wait.
        
           | SilasX wrote:
           | No joke, back in 2011, a Fed executive insisted that iPad
           | deflation was canceling out higher food prices. Not even that
           | iPads were getting cheaper, just, new ones had faster CPUs,
           | so their effective price was lower. (Which somehow frees up
           | more money for food?)
           | 
           | https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-fed-dudley-ipad-
           | idUST...
        
             | owenversteeg wrote:
             | Which was horribly tone deaf, but not incorrect: yes,
             | technological improvements do free up money for food.
             | According to the New York Times, in the 70s your average
             | car would survive for 100k miles. Today you can buy a car
             | that not only survives more than twice as long, but it has
             | far fewer costs: engines using a tiny fraction of the oil,
             | coolants that last the car's lifetime, spark plugs that
             | last several times as long, incredible safety features...
             | 
             | The 2021 Chevrolet Spark costs $13,400 (and appears to come
             | with $1000 of "bonus cash" that would bring that down to
             | $12.4k?), gets 38 MPG highway, and has a standard rear
             | camera and touchscreen. You can buy it today - a brand new
             | car, of reasonable quality, from a top name American
             | company, for $160-ish a month for a 7-year note. It is far
             | safer than any car sold in the 70s, it accelerates faster
             | than most cars sold in 1970, it has navigation and a backup
             | camera standard in the base model. Its paint and coatings
             | will last forever, its battery is sealed, and it requires
             | nearly zero service in the beginning of its life.
             | 
             | Look at a budget car in 1970 - Car and Driver's recommended
             | budget pick was the Ford Pinto, $2500 as tested. It was
             | described as "uncomfortable" with four adults - you really
             | should stick to two, they said. The fact that the cars were
             | still running after the first 15,000 miles was, according
             | to Car and Driver, "an indication of the soundness of their
             | basic engineering." It had painful, uncomfortable bucket
             | seats. The Pinto, and I quote, "substantially more powerful
             | than normal store-bought economy cars", had a 0-60 time of
             | eighteen seconds - this is a car described as "nimble and
             | powerful" in its time. _All_ of the budget cars delivered
             | to Car and Driver had "serious defects" straight from the
             | factory - in the Pinto's case, the camshaft had been
             | installed incorrectly. Ford apparently built a whole series
             | of them that way, then lost track of which. For a budget
             | car to not squeak while braking was apparently impossible,
             | so instead of discussing _if_ they squeaked reviews
             | discussed how the squeaks sounded (the Pinto was apparently
             | not bad - the Chevy Vega was described as a "depths of
             | hell" squeak.) According to the manufacturer, in the first
             | 24k miles, you would need a minimum of eleven hours of shop
             | time, best case scenario, to keep the vehicle running.
             | People describing their normal use mentioned they added a
             | quart of oil a week to the Pinto - ludicrous today. And I
             | won't even get into the safety of 1970s cars - a reminder
             | that the Ford Pinto was famous for literally exploding into
             | flames (the controversy came eight years later, 1978 or
             | so), but despite this its safety is considered today
             | "comparable to other 1970s subcompact cars" (aka terrible,
             | but not remarkably so for the time.) Despite all this, it
             | was a popular car for the time and got good reviews in its
             | day.
             | 
             | At the current low minimum wage of $7.25 an hour, you would
             | have had to work about the same amount of hours to buy a
             | budget car today as in 1970 - the budget cars of today
             | being spaceships in comparison. Drive a 70s car and a 2020s
             | car down the road and you'll quickly understand that the
             | modern car is a paradise of comfort in comparison - noise,
             | smoothness, how it drives, handles, vibrations, emissions,
             | etc etc. Many Western states have top speed limits of 80
             | mph, where the flow of traffic is 85 or higher - your Pinto
             | would feel terrifying and be extremely unsafe at such a
             | speed: if you crash you die.
             | 
             | Of course, the same applies to many things. Improvements in
             | phone cameras mean that for many people, the cost of a
             | phone+camera has gotten far cheaper. Quartz watches can
             | last a lifetime and are far more accurate than mechanical
             | watches. Remote control toys, flashlights, batteries,
             | lightbulbs, washing machines - all cheaper. These things
             | add up!
             | 
             | Reading your other comments in the adjacent thread, I think
             | you're not seeing the forest for the trees. Yes, a CPU that
             | is 10% faster has little marginal utility, and it does not
             | provide you with much (if any) dollar savings in your
             | pocket. But at the same time, the largest single-year
             | increase in the price of bananas in the last few decades
             | was a few cents a pound: those few cents in your pocket
             | don't really do much either. For increases in both the cost
             | of living and food, you're going to have to look at the
             | ten- or twenty-year picture. Look at the total cost of a
             | laptop that meets your average Joe's requirements. Look at
             | the total cost of ownership of a car. Look at the cost of
             | lightbulbs, toothbrushes and bicycles.
             | 
             | So yes, he is correct: technological improvements do cancel
             | out increases in the cost of living elsewhere! The few
             | bucks you save by not topping up your oil can pay for more
             | expensive bananas, the thousands you save by your car
             | lasting longer can pay for higher rent, the hundreds you
             | save by not needing a camera can pay for a fatter bar tab.
             | But, at the same time, tone deaf to say that to a working
             | class audience in Queens NY in the depths of a recession
             | while you're bailing out the big banks.
        
               | dlubarov wrote:
               | It seems like an implicit premise in that line of
               | reasoning is that consumers have a choice: they can
               | increase their spending if they want a quality upgrade,
               | or they can forgo the upgrade and keep their spending
               | relatively constant.
               | 
               | In some cases, though, there often isn't much of a
               | choice. I can't buy a (new-ish) car without a rear-view
               | camera, now that they're mandated. I can't hire a builder
               | and tell him that I don't need GFCI outlets, or HVAC, or
               | fire sprinklers; it's all required by code. If I wanted a
               | ~1000 square foot house, I could have built one 50 years
               | ago, but today my planning department wouldn't approve.
               | 
               | Similarly, I might have been content with the experience
               | of using my iPhone 4 back in 2010, but I can't recreate
               | that for much cheaper today. Even if I could buy an
               | iPhone 4 for cheap, it no longer receives security
               | updates, and many apps have dropped support, or at least
               | focus their QA on newer devices.
               | 
               | Or I might have been content with the 2mbps connection my
               | ISP offered back in 2000, but now their plans start at
               | 50mbps. Even if I could find a cheap 2mbps plan, it
               | wouldn't be as practical given the bloated state of
               | websites today. (I mean it's doable, buy my quality of
               | experience would be much lower than it was in 2000.)
        
               | owenversteeg wrote:
               | Well, except that you do have that choice in most things.
               | You can buy a used car without a rear-view camera, or
               | keep your older car - and many people do. If you want a
               | cheap smartphone, you can get one - I recently had a
               | Nokia 1 (cost me 24 euros!) as an experiment, and it
               | worked fine. If you're content with a TV from 2001, you
               | can get one for free off Craigslist.
               | 
               | The reason I like the car as an example is because it is
               | a quality upgrade and also a lower cost. A vehicle with
               | more than twice the lifespan translates directly into
               | cash in your pocket. You save cash on a regular basis by
               | not needing to purchase a quart of oil a week, 11 hours
               | of mechanic time (while the car is still new!), more
               | expensive tires, more spark plugs, more coolant, etc.
               | 
               | I get your point that quality upgrades are _occasionally_
               | mandatory, but the majority are not. If you want to save
               | money by skipping the improvements (get a TV, flashlight,
               | keyboard etc from 2001, or a more spartan smartphone) -
               | go ahead, plenty of people do, and they save money for
               | it. But if you want the latest tech, and a palace on
               | wheels, and international travel, and organic food, and a
               | fancy university on your resume, well, those things cost
               | money.
               | 
               | Fun fact - community college enrollment has dropped year
               | over year for about a decade now (today it stands at
               | almost half of its peak enrollment.) There are plenty of
               | budget smartphones, but the most popular phone in the
               | world by far is the non-SE current-year iPhone, costing
               | $800 to $1600 depending on configuration and the place
               | you buy it in. A safety razor is cheap and effective (I
               | use one) but Gilette sells millions of copies of
               | expensive razors. The American middle class, in
               | particular, wants to consume at a very high level,
               | increasing every year, and it will not be satisfied with
               | less. Interestingly, this consumption has shaped the
               | political debate on the American left. Student loan
               | forgiveness, which as planned today would be a colossal
               | handout to the upper middle class, is wildly popular.
               | Money for the millions of Americans living in true
               | poverty is discussed nowhere, while left circles are
               | furious that couples making 160k won't get any extra
               | thousands with the latest stimulus bill.
        
               | dlubarov wrote:
               | True for now, but there's a limited and ever-decreasing
               | supply of older cars without rear-view cameras, small
               | homes without HVAC, etc. Today it's hard to buy a car (in
               | decent shape) without airbags; I expect that in 20 years
               | it will be hard to buy one (in decent shape) without a
               | rear-view camera. Fair point about lower maintenance
               | costs though.
        
               | SilasX wrote:
               | I don't think we're disagreeing here, at least not about
               | the broad economic and technological dynamics. I agree
               | that, in the large, technological improvements do improve
               | your ability to meet a budget, including to feed
               | yourself, and I think the examples you gave are great. I
               | don't think he's off-base in appealing to that general
               | principle; it's just a matter of failing to realize when
               | specific cases deviate from the heuristic.
               | 
               | That is, it doesn't follow that _every_ technological
               | gain has that effect, and it doesn 't mean that _that
               | year 's_ technological gain canceled _that year 's_ gain
               | in costs of necessities. It doesn't mean that a new
               | iPad's being 50% "more powerful" translates into it
               | providing the utility of 1.5 "iPad 1"s. And it especially
               | doesn't mean that improvements purely for luxury
               | entertainment goods can ever truly act as substitutes for
               | necessities.
               | 
               | Dudley was speaking as if that past year's improvements
               | in the iPad really did cancel, in some substantive way,
               | that past year's gain in necessities. (Remember, the iPad
               | was released in 2010, and the story is from 2011.) It's
               | not relevant to compare to e.g. not having mobile
               | videochat integrated into your phone _at all_ (since we
               | had that in 2010), or the efficiency of cars from the
               | 70s.
               | 
               | >The few bucks you save by not topping up your oil can
               | pay for more expensive bananas,
               | 
               | And as above, those fuel efficiency improvements happened
               | over decades; there wasn't significant gain in the prior
               | year that obviated the extra costs.
               | 
               | Edit: Furthermore, as in the other reply, I think price
               | changes purely attributable to technology aren't relevant
               | to the kind of inflation central banks care about, and
               | shouldn't be regarded as offsetting the "too much
               | money/too few goods" problem.
        
             | fennecfoxen wrote:
             | The official was correct, from the perspective of economy-
             | wide price stability. The problem wasn't inflation, the
             | problem was expensive food.
             | 
             | Obviously, this particular exchange was of no comfort to
             | those who suffer from high food prices, but why should
             | monetary policy be the remedy for high food prices (to the
             | exclusion of its current goals) instead of looking for
             | remedies in fiscal policy, trade policy, regulatory policy,
             | or other instruments better suited to a more targeted
             | redress?
        
               | SilasX wrote:
               | Well, there's technically correct, and substantively
               | correct. Most people would take away the lesson that
               | "hey, the current definition of inflation doesn't quite
               | capture the reality of normal people's cost of living",
               | not "computer says no suffering, sorry bro".
               | 
               | But I don't think it's even technically correct from the
               | perspective of price stability. The inflation the central
               | bank cares about is the kind that is the result of (to
               | simplify) "too much money chasing too few goods".
               | Technological deflation is totally orthogonal to that,
               | and should be ignored to the extent possible.
               | 
               | Furthermore, even on its on terms, the calculation isn't
               | correct. A fifty percent faster CPU doesn't mean the
               | effective price has fallen fifty percent, because the CPU
               | is only occasionally the bottleneck. (And do they ever
               | adjust inflation upward for quality reductions?)
        
               | fennecfoxen wrote:
               | The BLS does not include a CPU-megahertz (or gigahertz)
               | in its market basket. It uses CPU speed (and other
               | characteristics) to divide the market into "high-end",
               | "mainstream", or "economy" computers, then substitutes
               | new items in the correct slot when as the new items
               | become available, rather than waiting for the price of
               | the older computer to plummet.
        
               | SilasX wrote:
               | That's still equating technological deflation with
               | (absence of) money-induced inflation, and it still
               | assumes that the more powerful computer can displace the
               | effects of food price inflation (or that the out-of-date
               | computer can keep up with the same present needs).
               | 
               | Also, Dudley said:
               | 
               | >>"Today you can buy an iPad 2 that costs the same as an
               | iPad 1 that is twice as powerful,"
        
               | anm89 wrote:
               | You are playing a word game here by taking a very
               | specific definition of inflation useful to bureaucrats to
               | argue that ipad processor speeds meaningfully counteract
               | food prices in the way an average person perceives the
               | price level. This simply isn't true unless again you
               | redefine all of those words, which, while not hard to do,
               | isn't particularly useful to people who aren't that
               | specific group of bureaucrats.
               | 
               | So pick whatever definition of inflation you want. Just
               | understand that what normal people care about in terms of
               | inflation is how many pieces of paper they need to
               | achieve the basic goals of their life and your definition
               | is totally irrelevant to their set of concerns. Your
               | having a totally separate conversation then they are with
               | nothing but some semantic overlap.
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | >Its probably being cancelled out in the basket by healthcare
           | and education prices skyrocketing. Oh wait.
           | 
           | If you go to bls's site, you can easily tell what it's being
           | canceled out by. From the looks of it, it's mostly being
           | canceled out by low energy prices.
           | 
           | https://www.bls.gov/cpi/tables/supplemental-files/home.htm
        
             | jjav wrote:
             | Electricity prices have gone up substantially last 10
             | years.
        
             | plank_time wrote:
             | I live near San Fran and I paid over $4/gallon for regular
             | gas. That's the same price I paid when gas was at all time
             | highs. I know that a lot of it is taxes but the BLS must be
             | taking that into consideration, no?
             | 
             | Also electricity is at all time highs, depending on the
             | tier and time of day I'm paying 0.50/kWh. During the
             | pandemic this has been killing me. I can't believe that
             | energy prices are low at least around here.
        
               | souprock wrote:
               | You're in a different world.
               | 
               | https://www.gasbuddy.com/gaspricemap
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | Here's the data for the san francisco area:
               | https://www.bls.gov/regions/west/news-
               | release/2021/pdf/consu..., dated december 2020.
               | 
               | on page 5 it says gasoline prices are down 9.2% YOY, but
               | electricity is up 5.9% YOY.
        
               | mdorazio wrote:
               | You're using local price factors when BLS is looking at
               | National ones. Outside California, things are quite
               | different. For example, see [1]. In general, just assume
               | that California doesn't reflect the broader US on
               | basically any measure.
               | 
               | [1]
               | https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pri_gnd_dcus_nus_a.htm
        
           | hedora wrote:
           | Don't forget utilities (also skyrocketing here).
        
         | solosoyokaze wrote:
         | Also healthcare (insurance) and education. We live during a
         | time of massive inflation yet our media and government work to
         | tell us not to believe our lying eyes (or bank accounts).
        
         | hitpointdrew wrote:
         | "Food Prices are soaring faster than inflation"....Food Prices
         | soaring IS inflation.
        
           | insert_coin wrote:
           | Technically no. Prices rising, or falling are a byproduct of
           | the inflation/deflation caused by the actions of a central
           | bank.
        
           | jjav wrote:
           | Exactly. If whatever metric that is being used does not
           | reflect the inflation a real person experiences, then the
           | metric is simply wrong (or more generously, it measures
           | something else, not inflation).
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | The article says inflation is up 1.5% overall, and 3% on food
         | in the United States. The food inflation is partially due to
         | increased shipping costs for food, due to increased demand on
         | goods overall. This is demand-pull inflation
         | 
         | > In the U.S., prices rose close to 3% in the year ending Jan.
         | 2, according to NielsenIQ, roughly double the overall rate of
         | inflation.
         | 
         | The soaring food inflation refers to developing countries like
         | Indonesia, which are facing a different set of problems.
        
           | insert_coin wrote:
           | > This is demand-pull inflation
           | 
           | This is not demand-pull inflation. People are not eating more
           | than they were a few months ago.
           | 
           | This is supply constraints making their way up the chain,
           | constraints in the supply of shipping and in the supply of
           | produce.
        
       | known wrote:
       | India Is Letting Grain Go To Rot--While Thousands Of Indians Die
       | Of Malnutrition Every Day https://www.businessinsider.com/india-
       | malnutrition-a-story-o...
        
         | Clewza313 wrote:
         | Nothing to do with COVID though, food production and
         | distribution in India has always been horrendously inefficient.
         | Crops rotting in trucks stuck in multi-day customs queues at
         | _interstate_ borders, etc.
        
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