[HN Gopher] A Cephalopod Has Passed a Cognitive Test Designed fo...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       A Cephalopod Has Passed a Cognitive Test Designed for Human
       Children
        
       Author : daegloe
       Score  : 171 points
       Date   : 2021-03-03 12:52 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.sciencealert.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.sciencealert.com)
        
       | 40four wrote:
       | I agree with the main thesis of the article, stated in the first
       | paragraph. That idea of _"how important it is for us humans to
       | not underestimate animal intelligence"_.
       | 
       | I think folks in modern times are less & less prone to thinking
       | animals are 'dumb'. But 1 or 2 generations ago this was not the
       | case. I think humans for a long time have regarded animal
       | intelligence in an inferior light.
       | 
       | Cephalopods have proven to to be incredibly intelligent, and
       | emotional. I think you could easily argue many of them are
       | smarter than human children, maybe even a lot of adults :)
       | 
       | I highly recommend an episode of 'Nature' I saw recently on PBS
       | about octopi. It's called "Octopus: Making Contact". It's the
       | story of a professor who decided to install a tank and keep an
       | octopus in his home, and the relationship he & his daughter
       | developed with it. Absolutely stunning!
       | 
       | https://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/octopus-making-contact-previ...
       | 
       | https://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/baby-cephalopods-first-momen...
        
         | 317070 wrote:
         | > There is a considerable overlap between the intelligence of
         | the smartest bears and the dumbest tourists.
         | 
         | Park Ranger at Yosemite National Park (on designing secure
         | garbage cans)
         | 
         | https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2006/08/security_is_a...
        
           | lostlogin wrote:
           | I was talking to a kitchen hand in New Zealand in an area
           | with Kea. He described the escalating battle to keep kea out
           | the rubbish bins. It started with a rock on the lid which
           | they solved fast, and then various other hinderances to keep
           | them out.
           | 
           | The kea sit and watch and learn over s day or 3 and then they
           | are back in, causing chaos.
           | 
           | The kitchen staff were trying to solve each puzzle with time
           | pressure, a job to do and bad weather. The kea looked to find
           | it funny whole the poor worker was frustrated.
        
         | steve_adams_86 wrote:
         | I believe I underestimated animal intelligence, and as an
         | extension of that, animal consciousness. I have no proof that
         | animals are intelligent or sentient or whatever. I do however
         | have no reason to assume otherwise. As a result I've stopped
         | eating meat almost entirely, and I suspect I'll eliminate it
         | entirely eventually. I still eat fish and shellfish.
         | 
         | I struggle to understand how I disregarded animal minds for
         | decades, but I suspect it can be reduced to arrogance,
         | convenience, and gluttony. It has been a difficult revelation
         | in some ways. Cooking meat has almost been a part of my way of
         | life; it's something I took pride in and always did to the best
         | of my ability. Now I don't really have much interest in food at
         | all.
        
           | eadmund wrote:
           | > I struggle to understand how I disregarded animal minds for
           | decades, but I suspect it can be reduced to arrogance,
           | convenience, and gluttony.
           | 
           | I don't think that cephalopods are arrogant when they eat
           | other creatures, although I suppose they may be gluttonous.
           | Why hold yourself to a higher standard than you hold the
           | animals you refrain from eating?
        
             | StanislavPetrov wrote:
             | >Why hold yourself to a higher standard than you hold the
             | animals you refrain from eating?
             | 
             | For some, morality isn't fungible or based on the morality
             | or others (animal or human). If someone is a thief and
             | willing to rob you, does that mean its okay for you to
             | steal from them? It seems reasonable to me to hold a
             | personal code of ethics and standards that isn't dependent
             | (or at all related) to the ethics and standards of others
             | (if any).
        
             | michael1999 wrote:
             | That's why I like eating tuna! They're out hunting and
             | killing, and then have one very bad day. Live by the sword
             | ...
        
           | Jeff_Brown wrote:
           | It's a very hard realization to have. I applaud you. I was
           | vegan for a couple years, until I devleped tooth problems for
           | the first time in my life, which spooked me and I quit. Now I
           | just try to moderate my meat intake, consume the less-in-
           | demand parts like tongue (nobody raises a cow for its
           | tongue), and buy from sources that impose less, albeit
           | clearly still substantial, suffering.
           | 
           | But that said, there's _so much_ great vegetarian food to be
           | eaten!
        
           | michael1999 wrote:
           | With apologies to Sinclair: it is difficult to get a man to
           | understand something, when his dinner plate depends on his
           | not understanding it.
           | 
           | Cooking is a source of pleasure and society. My cultural
           | Christian inheritance (and yours?) is quite committed to the
           | separateness of people and animals. Many people deny even the
           | wholeness of the human species. Where is the mystery in your
           | beliefs? It is only an inheritance you now reject.
           | 
           | You can come back to meat later, or not, in your own time.
           | Sort of like when you go far enough left, you get your guns
           | back. There is nothing shameful in a cat.
        
           | loopz wrote:
           | Most of it is learned behaviour. There is nothing natural
           | about it for children, but conditioning and culture largely
           | makes us who we are as humans.
           | 
           | So I don't see the need to look down on yourself for
           | realizing something new. It wouldn't be new if it was totally
           | familiar. However, the knowledge itself is thousands of years
           | old, and also evolving.
        
           | liuxiansheng wrote:
           | The realization that animals in factory farms have a capacity
           | to suffer, and are undoubtedly subjected to this suffering
           | for the majority of their lives, has made me cut my meat
           | consumption from every meal to occasionally on the weekends.
           | Would love to cut it out completely but have not mustered the
           | willpower to do so.
           | 
           | I think personally owning a pet dog and realizing they aren't
           | biological machines simply responding to stimuli has helped
           | me with that realization.
        
             | RamRodification wrote:
             | What if the suffering could somehow be guaranteed not to
             | occur? Since that seems to be your only (main?) reason to
             | give up meat, would you go back to eating it if the
             | suffering didn't happen?
             | 
             | I think the parent comment to yours is more about avoiding
             | meat because of compassion to the intellect/consciousness.
             | Rather than avoiding meat in order to eliminate any
             | suffering that may occur during "production" of it.
             | 
             | I'm curious because I'm pretty good at convincing myself
             | that the meat I buy comes from animals that haven't
             | suffered. And if it can actually be guaranteed (moose
             | killed by hunter) I'm all-in on meat. But if I somehow
             | "woke up" and realized that I didn't want to eat other
             | living things because of compassion (or whatever) to their
             | minds? I'm not sure that I could go back from that.
        
               | wcarss wrote:
               | Why care about the suffering, but not about the
               | extinguishing of a life? If the moment to moment
               | experience of a thing has value, but the thing's actual
               | existence does not, why should (humane) murder not be
               | legal? I do implore you to wake up -- you are deluding
               | yourself for the sake of the pleasure.
               | 
               | Death is a form of suffering. Whether the creature you
               | kill knows it lives only to die for you, whether it can
               | see and understand some aspect of its cage or not, you
               | took it before its time. It is all the same wrong in the
               | end.
               | 
               | Now, eating an animal that died of natural or
               | uncontrollable causes, or using for-real excess milk or
               | eggs? Sure, fine. But those are not at all sustainable
               | activities at a population level. We have to do things to
               | animals that cause real harm to ever get enough of those
               | products to sell them, even if we treat the animals way
               | better overall. (And it's still better to push for better
               | treatment than to do and feel nothing!)
               | 
               | My own mental backflip: I do still eat meat, because I'm
               | a selfish and horrible person. I accept my complicity in
               | the evil. But I also know my own choices will not
               | meaningfully change demand patterns, so I allow myself
               | the pleasure of the flavours I grew up eating, and try
               | not to dwell on it too much. Even the Buddha was said to
               | eat meat if it was what was served -- but of course,
               | would request not to be served it!
               | 
               | Regardless, I know full veganism is the only actually
               | ethically justifiable choice, and I believe and hope it
               | will one day be the only realistic or acceptable choice
               | for all of us. I will advocate for it (I hope) strongly
               | whenever I can. No being deserves any part of what we do
               | to them for food, and most people have pretty awful
               | reasons to continue to eat meat; often literally at the
               | level of, "animals can't suffer!", or, "humans are a
               | higher being!", which is a mind-blowingly horrific thing
               | to understand people will assert even after being given
               | the evidence. I find the dismissive attitude appalling
               | and try to get friends to at least see it in its real
               | light.
               | 
               | Personally, once I catch wind that the tide toward
               | veganism is beginning to turn, or that we somehow
               | achieved affordable ethically lab-grown cheap muscle+fat
               | tissue meats, I'll gladly turn that page. Or, once the
               | horror again resurges strongly enough to overcome the
               | value of shepherd's pie, thanksgiving ham, or a
               | hamburger.
               | 
               | It's not much of an intellectual position, but it's all
               | I've got. I ask that you at least be honest with
               | yourself: the beings you eat have suffered for your
               | pleasure.
        
               | liuxiansheng wrote:
               | I don't think there's anything inherently wrong with
               | killing animals for sustenance. Animals die and get eaten
               | without needing any help form humans.
               | 
               | My main objection is to the manner of which animals have
               | to be raised and harvested in the most efficient manner
               | to satisfy the ever increasing demand for meat in the
               | world while still being bottom of the barrel in price.
               | Has there been any evidence this can be sustained without
               | wholesale suffering?
               | 
               | If you can ensure all the meat you purchase comes from
               | the opposite of such conditions then all the more power
               | to you. The meat I do eat I also try to purchase from
               | better farm conditions, but I don't think that's always
               | possible.
        
               | graindcafe wrote:
               | I think I'm somehow in the same situation, trying to
               | avoid industrial farming in benefit of local, small
               | farming. I can know for sure (for some of them) that the
               | animal was well treated from the beginning of its life to
               | the very end.
               | 
               | I am asking myself if it is better for the animal to live
               | a decent life even if it is to be killed and ate at the
               | end or not to live at all.
        
         | macintux wrote:
         | Every time I read about octopi I'm stunned at their
         | intelligence and ability to connect with humans.
         | 
         | If our civilization lasts long enough, someday we'll all be
         | reviled for eating animals, especially octopi and pigs.
        
           | RamRodification wrote:
           | How come you include pigs but leave out cows?
        
             | Ruthalas wrote:
             | The parent commenter has probably, like me, heard that pigs
             | are remarkably intelligent. I haven't heard the same of
             | cows.
             | 
             | That may very well be a skewed understanding, but it's
             | likely why they choose that grouping.
        
               | OrbitRock wrote:
               | Personally, I don't see cows as very different from dogs.
               | 
               | They're just as social and emotional as dogs are.
               | 
               | Intelligence wise, dogs are probably a bit smarter. But
               | how much, I don't know, they don't seem that radically
               | different.
        
               | Ruthalas wrote:
               | I suspect you have more experience than I, and I know my
               | imagining is poorly founded!
               | 
               | I think pigs have just received enough good PR recently
               | that they come to mind as another particularly
               | intelligent animal.
        
               | RamRodification wrote:
               | Maybe the size also helps? Closer to a dog or a cat, cows
               | are not.
        
           | koalahedron wrote:
           | Taken further, you might argue that there might be
           | condemnation eventually of the whole concept of pets and work
           | animals too. I'm not sure I "condemn" these ideas, but I
           | don't have a pet because I think animals should be wild. I
           | make my own ethical comprimises, though, don't get me wrong.
           | 
           | Harry Harrison wrote a book I read many years ago called West
           | of Eden, where the dinosaur extinction event didn't occur. An
           | advanced species of lizard used modified lifeforms for their
           | tech. I have it on my list to read again. It does make you
           | think people might be more symbiotic towards the world rather
           | than what we have now.
        
         | throwanem wrote:
         | > I think folks in modern times are less & less prone to
         | thinking animals are 'dumb'. But 1 or 2 generations ago this
         | was not the case.
         | 
         | The naturalist Jean-Henri Fabre, in the 19th century, made an
         | extensive study of solitary, spider-hunting wasps. Much of what
         | he discovered, with regard to the surprising complexity of
         | their hunting and nesting behavior, became well known in his
         | day - he was one of the first writers I discovered when I
         | started delving into the literature to feed my own burgeoning
         | interest in the aculeates, and one of the reasons his work is
         | so easy to come by is that it was popular, and thus well
         | preserved.
         | 
         | It was very much new to me, though; to whatever extent it had
         | entered common knowledge a century and a half ago, it has since
         | exited again. If anything, I think that in recent generations
         | we have become _less_ likely to recognize complex behavior and
         | intelligence in nonhuman animals, not more so; that may be
         | changing, but if so, I think it must have begun quite recently.
        
         | dunefox wrote:
         | > I think humans for a long time have regarded animal
         | intelligence in an inferior light.
         | 
         | Well, it is objectively inferior. That doesn't mean that it's
         | not intelligence.
        
           | 40four wrote:
           | Haha, ok in general you're right. Maybe a poor choice of
           | words. But also, in general, I believe we have vastly
           | _underestimated_ the intelligence of most other animals. Even
           | ones that are demonstrably not that smart.
        
         | lurquer wrote:
         | > I think folks in modern times are less & less prone to
         | thinking animals are 'dumb'. But 1 or 2 generations ago this
         | was not the case. I think humans for a long time have regarded
         | animal intelligence in an inferior light.
         | 
         | Great post. Respectfully, though, I disagree with the excerpt
         | above.
         | 
         | I find that urbanization has led to a disconnect between people
         | and animals. In times past, a person would have regular contact
         | with a host of domesticated animals (cattle, horses, mules,
         | donkeys, sheep, goat, chickens, pigs, etc.) as well as the wild
         | animals that are a part of everyday life in rural settings
         | (rodents, possums, armadillos, foxes, coyotes, snakes, deer,
         | birds, etc.)
         | 
         | Without question, people in the past had a far greater
         | appreciation of the 'intelligence' and behavior of animals than
         | modern city-dwellers.
         | 
         | One need look no further than the numerous metaphors that have
         | been passed down from these non-urban times: stubborn as a
         | mule, wise as serpents, cunning like a fox, horse-sense, wise
         | as an owl, etc...
         | 
         | In short, I'd suggest that the more modern (or, perhaps,
         | urbanized is a better word) the LESS appreciation one finds for
         | animal intelligence.
        
           | RikNieu wrote:
           | I have family who still live a pretty rural life, close to
           | nature. They care very little about animals compared to my
           | urban friends and family. They view animals as little more
           | than "moving things" or simply food.
        
             | lurquer wrote:
             | You may be mixing apples and oranges...
             | 
             | The degree of 'compassion' one has toward an animal is not
             | directly correlated to one's opinions as to its
             | intelligence.
             | 
             | My uncle raised pigs. A frequent topic of conversation was
             | how smart they are. Without question, they're smarter than
             | dogs. (I had a pet pig growing up.)
             | 
             | Yet, we ate then.
             | 
             | An even more brutal example: slavery. It was obvious and
             | undeniable that human slaves were intelligent; yet, that
             | didn't mean that compassion towards them was common.
        
           | ldng wrote:
           | > One need look no further than the numerous metaphors that
           | have been passed down from these non-urban times: stubborn as
           | a mule, wise as serpents, cunning like a fox, horse-sense,
           | wise as an owl, etc...
           | 
           | Are you sure that comes from nature observation ?
           | 
           | Satire used to criticize the powerful of the world picturing
           | them as animals. So these associations might not come from
           | where you think they do. La Fontaine's fables are a good
           | example of that. He was not the only one to do that.
        
             | lurquer wrote:
             | I have firsthand knowledge of the sayings in regard to
             | mules, horses, and foxes. They are very accurate.
             | 
             | Never thought snakes were that 'wise' though. Don't know
             | about owls.
        
       | hermitcrab wrote:
       | If anyone is interested in cephalopod intelligence I heartily
       | recommend the book: "Other Minds: The Octopus and the Evolution
       | of Intelligent Life" by Peter Godfrey-Smith.
        
         | yboris wrote:
         | Related: I highly recommend the documentary _My Octopus
         | Teacher_
         | 
         | https://www.netflix.com/title/81045007
        
           | hermitcrab wrote:
           | Yes, that is excellent as well. And quite moving.
        
         | mindfulplay wrote:
         | I second this recommendation. I think someone in HN recommended
         | this, very fascinating. My respect and interest for octopuses
         | and surprisingly cuttlefish went way high up after reading this
         | book. Kudos to whoever recommended it!
         | 
         | It feels like we are wasting our time looking for aliens
         | searching for them in the skies (especially the unscientific
         | work around oumuamua).
         | 
         | They are living right beside us in the form of cephalopods. We
         | haven't deployed enough science on these amazing creatures yet
         | (without of course distributing them like putting them in
         | cages), probably because it's not a sexy field as compared to
         | say astronomy or other cool things...
        
         | koalahedron wrote:
         | Thanks all, for these references! My wife is into cephalopod
         | intelligence. I'll forward this to her and ask if she has any
         | other recommendations.
         | 
         | I do know there are a couple of websites for cephalopod
         | enthusiasts:
         | 
         | https://zapatopi.net/cephnews/ https://tonmo.com/
        
         | choxi wrote:
         | One of the most interesting concepts in the book was "efference
         | copies." The idea is that your mind needs to distinguish
         | between stimulus that you caused by voluntary action (moving
         | your arm) versus stimulus that the environment causes (your arm
         | being moved by something else), so you send these "echos" of
         | your voluntary actions back to your brain and this is possibly
         | where your sense of self comes from.
        
           | mindfulplay wrote:
           | That. And the idea that the cuttlefish are perhaps showing
           | their internal state via their changing color patterns and
           | not as a sinajng device. And of course their fairly short
           | lives.
        
       | glsdfgkjsklfj wrote:
       | *a biased cognitive test
        
       | hour_glass wrote:
       | Uh oh the humans are on to us
        
         | d--b wrote:
         | Let's just complain about how click-baity the title is. It
         | works every time.
        
       | 8fGTBjZxBcHq wrote:
       | The article doesn't mention this but that test is not very well
       | regarded currently. It's basically a test of food security and
       | trust in adults rather than any particular behavioral benchmark.
        
         | mzs wrote:
         | There's more to the paper, though only six cuttlefish:
         | 
         | >The other part of the experiment was to test how good the six
         | cuttlefish were at learning. They were shown two different
         | visual cues, a grey square and a white one. When they
         | approached one, the other would be removed from the tank; if
         | they made the "correct" choice, they would be rewarded with a
         | snack.
         | 
         | >Once they had learnt to associate a square with a reward, the
         | researchers switched the cues, so that the other square now
         | became the reward cue. Interestingly, the cuttlefish that
         | learnt to adapt to this change the quickest were also the
         | cuttlefish that were able to wait longer for the shrimp reward.
         | 
         | https://rs.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Data_set_raw_traini...
        
         | mr-wendel wrote:
         | I think it's even worse than that. I _hate_ this test because
         | both now and as a kid I 'd take the single marshmallow and just
         | be done. I don't want two, even if you hand them to me back-to-
         | back... let alone 15 minutes later.
         | 
         | I don't care if its my favorite treat either. I believed quite
         | strongly that a little vs a lot doesn't matter: the best parts
         | are in the anticipation, the initial bite, and enjoying the
         | lingering aftertaste. Having more more bites to eat is a
         | gimmick with nothing but downsides (however now I get how
         | things like addiction can drastically alter that equation so
         | the "more" is practically everything).
         | 
         | So show me a version of this test that doesn't have the
         | assumption "all kids are greedy for food and the most
         | successful ones will optimize for that" at its core.
        
           | tiagod wrote:
           | The cuttlefish test was very different though. Instead of
           | more food, it's about better food.
        
         | mindfulplay wrote:
         | I agree but this new adapted test for cuttlefish is actually
         | pretty smart. They actually zone in on delayed gratification.
        
       | carapace wrote:
       | There are implications of certain recent discoveries. Not to be
       | mysterious, I'm talking about Levin's lab.[1] All cells "think"
       | using the same bio-molecular machinery as neurons. Neurons are
       | just denser and faster.
       | 
       | -> Intelligence is ambient.
       | 
       | All cells think, and all collections of cells (from biofilms and
       | stomatolites on up) think. In computer terms all cells use
       | compatible protocols and processors and the living world is a
       | kind of biological internet ("Wood-Wide Web").
       | 
       | -> All life shares one mind.
       | 
       | Whatever mind is, if you believe it "runs on" the physical
       | substrate of cellular internet, then our minds are not separate
       | from the minds of other living things. This would explain a lot.
       | 
       | When I bring this up people often object that this is
       | anthropomorphism, but don't see it that way. Since all living
       | tissue is intelligent, I see humans as the anthropomorphism of
       | that ambient intelligence of the biosphere.
       | 
       | -> The biosphere is the result of "intelligent design": it's own.
       | 
       | From early on, the evolution of life would have become (more
       | deeply) self-referential through mental feedback, meaning that
       | the advent of intelligence itself becomes a factor in the further
       | evolution of life. Things like the great switch-over from
       | anaerobic to aerobic metabolism and the concomitant massive
       | increase in atmospheric oxygen may well have been deliberate
       | choice on the part of the global mind. In any event, the
       | reductive mechanistic view of "dumb" life is faulty. Earth is
       | Solaris.
       | 
       | Now this changes nothing about evolution. It's still a chemical
       | tautology with no purpose, and adaptive pressure doesn't stop
       | just because cells can think. ("Science does not remove the
       | terror of the gods.") The Earth as a single being still has to
       | navigate the "slings and arrows of outrageous fortune". Gaia is
       | mortal. Part of the reason living systems seem so wildly
       | inefficient (an illusion) is that they are so inconceivably
       | resilient. (Efficiency vs. inefficiency is meaningless in
       | evolution: there is no purpose so there can be no measurement of
       | efficiency.)
       | 
       | [1] "What Bodies Think About: Bioelectric Computation Outside the
       | Nervous System" (youtube.com)
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18736698
        
       | motohagiography wrote:
       | As someone who trained my dog to sit and wait for me outside a
       | shop while I got coffee, which was a similar delayed
       | gratification and I didn't even use treats, I think science might
       | be underestimating just how stupid human children are.
        
         | bryanrasmussen wrote:
         | https://www.vox.com/2015/4/7/8360143/dogs-intelligence-scien...
         | 
         | On the whole, psychologist and dog researcher Stanley Coren
         | estimates, the average dog's intelligence is roughly as
         | sophisticated as a 2.5-year-old baby's.
        
           | luplex wrote:
           | As a human researcher, I don't think that's a fair
           | comparison. A 2.5-year-old human can talk in simple
           | sentences. The experiments in that article don't really
           | measure intelligence. Babies are just much more curious.
           | 
           | I think dogs are still surprisingly smart.
        
             | bryanrasmussen wrote:
             | By that argument no animal, dolphin, porpoise, dog,
             | gorilla, elephant can be as intelligent as a 2.5 year old
             | baby because none of them have evolved a tongue and vocal
             | apparatus capable of making the correct sounds.
        
               | rbanffy wrote:
               | I know a dog that sings along when his humans sing. It's
               | obviously not a human voice, but the little thing is
               | trying his best and totally nails the pitch and rhythm.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | Our dog will howl along with some of the emergency
               | vehicle sirens. Remarkably similar to the particular
               | siren that is sounding outside. (We live on a 4 lane
               | parkway an easy walking distance from a major hospital,
               | so we get different sirens from many different
               | jurisdictions. She'll sing (edit: said sign before) along
               | or in back-and-forth with about 1/3 of the distinct
               | sirens.)
        
               | please-reread wrote:
               | She also can sign? That's amazing!
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | The comment history of this username _really_ checks out!
               | 
               | I take zero offense and thank you for the correction, but
               | it's somewhat amusing to think that someone presumably
               | has two accounts and switches between them to make
               | comments when a post is inadequately proofed.
        
               | pvaldes wrote:
               | dogs sign walls and trees all the time
        
               | spijdar wrote:
               | > because none of them have evolved a tongue and vocal
               | apparatus capable of making the correct sounds.
               | 
               | And the neurological development to process and produce
               | speech. I'm no cognitive scientist but I think verbal
               | speech and reasoning is a huge amount of what we call
               | "intelligence" in humans and goes beyond simple
               | communication of immediate facts or commands. I suspect
               | babies do have similar problem solving abilities compared
               | to those animals, but I think it's disingenuous to throw
               | out speech just because a dog hasn't evolved vocal
               | chords. They're also missing the brain to use them, with
               | whatever that means for reasoning.
        
               | bryanrasmussen wrote:
               | >And the neurological development to process and produce
               | speech.
               | 
               | I put gorilla in there specifically for this reason -
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koko_(gorilla)
               | 
               | Gorillas can't produce speech but they can process
               | language at about the level of a 2-3 year old human.
               | Which is roughly the level of intelligence that dogs were
               | being described as having in the article I linked
               | earlier.
               | 
               | >I'm no cognitive scientist but I think verbal speech and
               | reasoning is a huge amount of what we call "intelligence"
               | in humans and goes beyond simple communication of
               | immediate facts or commands.
               | 
               | well I'm no cognitive scientist and I think differently
               | than you do!
               | 
               | >but I think it's disingenuous to throw out speech just
               | because a dog hasn't evolved vocal chords.
               | 
               | and I think it's disingenuous for out cephalopod
               | overlords to claim I lack the ability to reason about
               | potential threats because I don't shoot ink out of my
               | fingers when in danger.
               | 
               | I mean I don't actually know or care that dogs might be
               | as smart as a three year old or that any of the other
               | animals I named might be; I just accept the findings of
               | experts in the manner as being more likely to be correct
               | than what I might think is the case. Still I am supposing
               | none of the named animals are as smart as I am so I am
               | certainly not threatened by the concept.
        
             | wizzwizz4 wrote:
             | Dogs can also talk in simple (<4 word) sentences:
             | https://yewtu.be/watch?v=AHiu-EDJUx0
        
           | f154hfds wrote:
           | I have a 2.5 year old.
           | 
           | A few weeks ago she (on her own) decided to dry her wet
           | painting by taping it to the heat vent. We have never used
           | tape in any way similar to that, and certainly have never
           | used the heat vent to dry anything (it being a long-term
           | safety hazard, and potentially bad for the ventilation
           | system).
           | 
           | She routinely falls on her face because of getting herself
           | into ridiculous precarious situations (in disturbingly
           | similar ways).
           | 
           | The problem is intelligence just isn't 1D no matter how much
           | we wish it was. Delayed gratification, problem solving and
           | communication ability are not necessarily highly correlated
           | enough for a single metric to make sense of the three.
        
             | lostlogin wrote:
             | > She routinely falls on her face because of getting
             | herself into ridiculous precarious situations
             | 
             | The clumsiness might be a different thing. Changes in
             | height, weight, strength and sight and probably a load of
             | other things come into this. If you change something about
             | an adult it takes them a while to adapt.
             | 
             | The example that comes to mind is a pregnant woman
             | squeezing though some gap. To any observer the attempt was
             | obviously not going to go smoothly.
        
         | jancsika wrote:
         | To properly test, you'd need to:
         | 
         | 1. Draw a triangle on your forehead
         | 
         | 2. Make a shitty clone of yourself with a circle drawn on the
         | clone's forehead, who comes out of the shop immediately after
         | you walk in
         | 
         | Then see if your dog decides to follow the shitty clone, or
         | whether it waits a couple minutes for the regular version of
         | you.
         | 
         | Edit: also, repeat with many more dogs, many more dog owners,
         | and many more shitty clones.
        
           | unstatusthequo wrote:
           | This made me laugh as a potential Rick & Morty episode
        
             | koalahedron wrote:
             | I've never heard of Rick and Morty, but take my advice,
             | don't try to shop your screenplay to VCs. They took a dim
             | view of my "Adult Stewie" concept last year (think "Young
             | Sheldon" backwards). Try Hollywood.
             | 
             | Anyway, I think a fun cartoon would be the Flintstones with
             | ceph, for example their screen could be a smaller ceph
             | whose chromataphores are pixels.
             | 
             | [edit]
             | 
             | Old drawing, back of a napkin (apologies to MIT AI Memo
             | 554):
             | 
             | https://github.com/koalahedron/ideas-for-
             | models/blob/main/RE...
        
             | motohagiography wrote:
             | Was literally thinking the Rick & Morty tie-in would be
             | that Morty gets a pet cuttlefish who not only speaks, but
             | insists that even though he is stuck in this aquarium, he
             | says it is preferable to the pathetic existential prison of
             | their inferior human minds, and he uses his mesmerizing
             | persuasive power to turn the rest of the house into a
             | hippie comumune of drifters who do whatever he wants, and
             | ultimately directs them to attack celebrities. The
             | cuttlefish's name is Charlie.
             | 
             | Recurring villain, probably gets his own show.
        
             | sparkywolf wrote:
             | The 'dog' is Jerry. We all know it.
        
         | LatteLazy wrote:
         | I mean, the dog gets nothing for sitting and waiting. He
         | stopped getting treats once training was over. So is he smarter
         | than the kid that wonders off or comes inside demanding cake
         | and acting cute?
        
         | hypertele-Xii wrote:
         | > I think science might be underestimating just how stupid
         | human children are.
         | 
         | Human children are stupid by design (well, evolution).
         | Language, culture, and technology are overtaking genetics as
         | the more effective information transfer mechanism. As we shed
         | our instincts to make room for learning, human children will be
         | born more and more stupid over time. It's a trade-off: At the
         | same time, human adults will have greater capacity for smarts.
         | It is the increasing stupidity at birth which enables us to
         | learn so much into adulthood.
         | 
         | Animals without developed language haven't been able to afford
         | this progress. They are smarter than human children from birth,
         | but are unable to learn as much. So while your dog outperforms
         | a human child at waiting outside the store, it will never have
         | the capacity for art, mathematics, nor engineering, no matter
         | how hard you train it. Humans on the other hand, can be trained
         | quite a bit.
        
         | everdrive wrote:
         | It's been verified:
         | 
         | https://vaviper.blogspot.com/2019/06/from-onion-study-reveal...
        
         | Grustaf wrote:
         | That's not delayed gratification, it's just obeying orders. In
         | the marshmallow test it's crucial that the subject makes their
         | choice freely.
        
         | goodcanadian wrote:
         | From the article:
         | 
         |  _Some primates can delay gratification, along with dogs,
         | albeit inconsistently. Corvids, too, have passed the
         | marshmallow test._
         | 
         | Having had a couple of human children, I would definitely not
         | claim that they are anything but extremely clever, but then so
         | are many primates, dogs, and corvids.
        
           | emilecantin wrote:
           | Yes. Children are literally little humans. They have enormous
           | brainpower, they just lack the experience they need to use it
           | properly.
        
             | rbanffy wrote:
             | That and their brains are insanely malleable. As someone
             | who contemplated learning Irish as an adult, I have to say
             | that their brains can do things ours simply can't.
             | 
             | And I learned Hungarian (and Portuguese) as a kid.
        
               | OrbitRock wrote:
               | Adults can actually learn language much more quickly then
               | children in my opinion.
               | 
               | The only issue is that there's a critical window in there
               | that shapes your accent.
        
         | numpad0 wrote:
         | I think we're all too ignorant about potentially
         | including/integrating other animals into the society, Doctor
         | Dolittle style. Wouldn't it be just fantastic?
        
         | ruffrey wrote:
         | Perhaps. Small children are also exceptionally accident prone.
         | 
         | On the other hand, human children are incredibly curious and
         | experiment with everything. It may not be stupidity that keeps
         | them from following directions.
        
           | TrispusAttucks wrote:
           | Indeed!
           | 
           | There is much to be learned by occasionally breaking the
           | rules.
        
       | bryanrasmussen wrote:
       | I mean the signature characteristic of the most famous Cephalopod
       | in fiction is that it waits dreaming in its house in R'lyeh.
       | Evidently not coming out until the food on offer is better,
       | either.
        
         | amarant wrote:
         | You sure? I seem to recall some kind of mass hysteria happening
         | fairly recently, made it was the first signs of his coming
        
       | HenryBemis wrote:
       | > "They break camouflage when they forage, so they are exposed to
       | every predator in the ocean that wants to eat them. We speculate
       | that delayed gratification may have evolved as a byproduct of
       | this, so the cuttlefish can optimise foraging by waiting to
       | choose better quality food."
       | 
       | It's a bit of natural selection. I don't know if cephalopods have
       | a 'patience' gene. If yes, then --> natural selection. The ones
       | who didn't have this gene got eaten many generations ago. The
       | ones who do (and their genetically blessed offsprings), are alive
       | to 'tell the tale'.
       | 
       | This is a bit biased if you ask me. They examined only the ones
       | thay they found. The ones they found are the ones that are alive.
       | The ones that are alive are the ones that are patient.
       | 
       | To disqualify my above 'theory' the scientists must capture eggs
       | of 100 (?) eggs, raise them, treat them all the same, and then
       | release them in a controlled 'wild' environment and see how fast
       | they get eaten/how many survive for how long.
       | 
       | Then they compare results with their observations in the wild.
       | 
       | I am not a marine biologists, so I probably wasted 30secs of your
       | life (apologies).
        
       | markhahn wrote:
       | It is a test, and it is used on humans. It isn't a qualification
       | for human-ness, any more than "breathing" is.
       | 
       | Theory of Mind is much more a test of human-ness - a stage
       | person-ness really. And yes, quite a few animals qualify.
        
       | JoeAltmaier wrote:
       | Says more about how hard it is to design tests, than it does
       | about this particular test. Lots of reasons for delayed
       | gratification. Not all of them mean "as smart as humans".
        
         | yboris wrote:
         | That's not the conclusion: no one is claiming "as smart as
         | humans". Intelligence is multidimensional, and along some
         | dimensions animals outperform us by a long shot.
         | 
         | Some birds remember thousands of locations of their stashed
         | food. Some animals have a detailed internal map of many square
         | miles of land on which they live. Pick just about anything a
         | typical 3 year old can do, and we can find an animal to
         | outperform them in that respect.
         | 
         |  _Are We Smart Enough to Know How Smart Animals Are?_
         | 
         | https://www.amazon.com/Are-Smart-Enough-Know-Animals/dp/0393...
        
           | JoeAltmaier wrote:
           | Sure they were; that's what the title implies. Else, why the
           | comparison?
           | 
           | And I'm curious if those studies of animal intelligence,
           | actually tried a human. Could I remember thousands of place I
           | put stuff? I think I do. I have a whole house full of stuff,
           | and can find most of it quickly. I remember where I kept my
           | socks in an apartment I lived in 30 years ago.
           | 
           | So yeah no, animals maybe aren't ahead of us in cognitive
           | function.
        
             | EliRivers wrote:
             | Animals certianly aren't ahead of us in human cognitive
             | function, but that feels like a loaded competition. Humans
             | do have a hard time imagining intelligence as anything
             | other than what we have.
        
               | JoeAltmaier wrote:
               | Not me. I can easily imagine animals having better senses
               | and better integration of those senses.
               | 
               | But I have to doubt, when somebody claims (as in the
               | title above) that some animal is cognitively more
               | advanced that a human child. That's linkbait and best,
               | and plain wrong at bottom.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | treetoppin wrote:
           | Glad to see someone else referenced this book. For anyone who
           | wants to learn more about just how difficult it is to peer
           | into the minds of other creatures, I highly recommend this
           | book. Also, it's filled with delightful anecdotes of animal
           | behavior that you would only experience if you spent hundreds
           | of hours observing an individual.
        
       | Jeff_Brown wrote:
       | > That seems like cuttlefish can exert self control, all right,
       | but what's not clear is why. In species such as parrots,
       | primates, and corvids, delayed gratification has been linked to
       | factors such as tool use (because it requires planning ahead),
       | food caching (for obvious reasons) and social competence (because
       | prosocial behaviour - such as making sure everyone has food -
       | benefits social species). > > Cuttlefish, as far as we know,
       | don't use tools or cache food, nor are they especially social ...
       | 
       | This feels like an evolutionary attribution error, if that's a
       | thing. Self control is different from a thumb; there aren't
       | necessarily any genes that code for it.
       | 
       | My first guess would be that, in order for a creature to be as
       | smart as a cuttlefish, it needs to have a mental model of
       | spacetime and of itself. Self-control is just one of the many
       | results of such intelligence.
        
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