[HN Gopher] Robinhood is facing nearly 50 lawsuits over GameStop...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Robinhood is facing nearly 50 lawsuits over GameStop frenzy
        
       Author : pedro-guimaraes
       Score  : 188 points
       Date   : 2021-03-03 11:23 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nytimes.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nytimes.com)
        
       | say_it_as_it_is wrote:
       | .. and almost ten ongoing movie, television and documentary
       | projects about the GameStop fiasco
        
         | victords wrote:
         | Why fiasco?
        
       | MH15 wrote:
       | Currently Robinhood won't send me my tax forms from 2020. I have
       | a trivial amount of money in the account but it's the only thing
       | preventing me from filing taxes yet. Everything else has been
       | ready since early March.
        
         | ry4nolson wrote:
         | did you check under your Account->Documents? They posted my
         | 1099 mid-February.
        
         | CydeWeys wrote:
         | I've had this problem going back two decades now with a variety
         | of brokerages. The final deadline for all the forms to get out
         | is March 15th, so generally I don't even bother doing taxes
         | until early April.
         | 
         | What's even worse is not what Robinhood is doing, but what
         | other brokerages are doing, which is that they trick you by
         | sending out provisional 1099s in January or February even
         | though the companies/funds whose stock you own aren't finalized
         | yet, you file your taxes, and then you get an amended 1099 in
         | March that requires you to file an amended state and federal
         | tax return at extra hassle and extra cost.
         | 
         | For the 90 day span of January through March I just collect all
         | the tax forms in a drawer, and then in April I get them all out
         | and do taxes. You don't have all the information in before
         | then, not if you trade stocks anyway. If you only have W2
         | income, then you can file earlier, as the deadline for that is
         | much earlier.
        
         | mtrovo wrote:
         | So ready for only 2 days?
        
         | dlgeek wrote:
         | That's not a Robinhood thing, that's based on the investments
         | you had in it. A lot of those have a March 1st or March 15th
         | deadline (depending on type) to get their tax reporting done
         | and reported back, and your broker is blocked on finalizing
         | their forms until they finish those.
        
           | TameAntelope wrote:
           | Another great example of Robinhood getting blamed for things
           | it can't control.
           | 
           | Being the retail face of a complex industry apparently
           | results in you getting blamed for the complexity.
        
             | drone wrote:
             | One might argue that the original sin of RH is marketing to
             | people who don't have a grasp of how these systems work and
             | not being used to having to learn these things when dealing
             | with a consumer product.
             | 
             | Some of the barriers to dealing with traditional brokerages
             | created opportunities to learn, and to put one's self into
             | the mindset that this is a thing that is new and complex
             | (on your first encounter), and your general approach should
             | be researching each new thing you're trying. Heck, just the
             | signup and annual reporting requirements on IB will make
             | you think long and hard about each type of transaction you
             | might want to do.
             | 
             | I can get behind making a business out of it, but I wonder
             | what the long-term effects of trying to _gamify_ and
             | _consumerify_ stock trading is going to have on laws,
             | regulations, and the overall market conditions going
             | forward. (I know what RH would say, they 're "levelling the
             | playing field for the average Joe!" But, you know, Fidelity
             | & co. did that a long time ago - they just didn't _gamify_
             | it, they gave you access to it largely as it was.)
        
               | TameAntelope wrote:
               | Robinhood is, for many people, the only name they know in
               | this space. Therefore, it _must_ be their fault.
               | 
               | As the Internet grew, it raised the bar higher and higher
               | on the "baseline" level of things one needed to
               | reasonably know about before participating in any given
               | conversation intelligently (bear with me). As a result,
               | it became growingly acceptable to declare something one
               | doesn't understand as morally "bad" for being complex,
               | and since the experience of encountering something one
               | didn't understand was widely shared, many folks pounced
               | on that complexity as the problem, not their failure to
               | grasp it.
               | 
               | It's infinitely easier to declare a system as "bad" than
               | to spend time to understand why it's built the way it is.
               | Robinhood just happens to be what many people think of as
               | "the system", rather than the actual financial system
               | Robinhood is built on top of.
               | 
               | I believe this could apply across a number of problems
               | we're seeing online right now. Groups of people who band
               | together (right or wrong) to rail against a system that
               | exists for reasons they do not understand. Sometimes it's
               | justified, sometimes it's not, but every time you get
               | that same whiff of populist anger such as what Robinhood
               | is experiencing right now.
        
         | minsc__and__boo wrote:
         | My SO and I pulled everything out of Robinhood two weeks ago in
         | part because of this reason.
         | 
         | The other part was we think Robinhood would go insolvent if
         | their users made a run on their money, and we wanted to get out
         | before that ever happened.
        
       | ojnabieoot wrote:
       | Everything about this story is just so frustrating.
       | 
       | - While the GameStop thing should be investigated and the lack of
       | transparency criticized, Robinhood's stated reason for halting
       | the trades is plausible and corroborated by other people. I
       | suspect their shadiness was because their internal finances are
       | worse than they are letting on. The idea that they were acting as
       | the foot soldiers of hedge funds (who were hardly overexposed to
       | GME anyway) is preposterous.
       | 
       | - Robinhood absolutely deserves to get in legal trouble (like
       | "send the CEO to prison") for its horrendously predatory
       | "appification" of retail investment[1]. I had a poor opinion of
       | Robinhood and I was still shocked by how horrible their behavior
       | was[2]:
       | 
       | > In 2019, Robinhood rolled out a new cash management feature
       | with an early access waitlist and utilized gamification to reward
       | customers who interacted daily with the application by improving
       | their position on the waitlist. Customers who did not interact
       | daily watched their position on the waitlist precipitously
       | decline, while those who succumbed to the effects of Robinhood's
       | gamification soared up and up the waitlist.
       | 
       | > In an effort to encourage trading, Robinhood provides lists of
       | securities on its application, including lists of the most-traded
       | securities on Robinhood's platform and the most popular
       | securities traded by Robinhood customers. This is no different
       | than a broker-dealer agent handing a list of securities to a
       | customer, pretending to be surprised when the customer purchases
       | securities from that list, and then proclaiming that he made no
       | recommendations to that customer.
       | 
       | > Robinhood advertisements use young actors and illustrate
       | Robinhood's attempt to lure young, inexperienced investors into
       | using its platform...[f]or example, one such advertisement
       | contains a clip of a young adult saying "I'm a broke college
       | student and investments might help my future tremendously."
       | 
       | Sincerely rotten folks at that company.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.cnbc.com/2020/12/16/robinhood-reportedly-
       | facing-...
       | 
       | [2] https://www.sec.state.ma.us/sct/current/sctrobinhood/MSD-
       | Rob...
        
       | mobjack wrote:
       | These lawsuits seem silly.
       | 
       | Are investors suing for the right to be the biggest fool in a
       | pump and dump scheme?
       | 
       | The consequences of not buying GameStop is that the investor has
       | more cash in their account which doesn't change in value. Most of
       | those who would have bought around the peak would have lost a lot
       | of money.
       | 
       | If Robinhood prevented investors from selling their shares or
       | closing their positions then that would be grounds to sue.
       | Investors were exposed to an extremely volatile stock with no
       | means to exit and could have lost everything in that scenario.
        
         | manishsharan wrote:
         | I think you are minimizing the extent of Robinhood's perfidity.
         | Almost all fiduciaries would have advised and blocked such
         | trades but Robinhood can't decide to become a fiduciary on a
         | whim. Robinhood was interfering in a decision made by a user .
         | What if your calendar decides you shouldn't be dating a
         | particular person ?
        
       | VoodooJuJu wrote:
       | I'm pretty skeptical of the negative attention Robinhood is
       | receiving. It seems like the entities who actually acted in bad
       | faith, the ones who attempted illegal shorts, are trying to
       | divert attention. Like someone else said, Robinhood is just the
       | fall guy here.
        
         | ericmay wrote:
         | My issue isn't the shorts, it's when the shorts (or others)
         | start messing with the game board. You should be able to short
         | a stock, no doubt about it. But you shouldn't be able to
         | coordinate "short attacks" or use other tactics.
         | 
         | I wonder if it may be a good idea to remove computers from
         | trading except for execution enacted by humans because of human
         | research. Should Bloomberg terminals be legal? Should everyone
         | effectively have the same hardware? I wonder how someone in
         | Oklahoma can compete with a large bank. Should they be able to?
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | >But you shouldn't be able to coordinate "short attacks" or
           | use other tactics.
           | 
           | https://www.institutionalinvestor.com/article/b1qdq0y5b79rzb.
           | ..
        
             | ericmay wrote:
             | I'm not saying they used that tactic - but that the use of
             | such tactics shouldn't be allowed.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | The point is that the tactic isn't viable in the first
               | place. It's almost like saying that we should ban people
               | from making perpetual motion machines.
        
               | ericmay wrote:
               | Sure, insert any other similar tactic in place of a short
               | ladder and I'd be interested in the discussion of why or
               | why not it should be allowed.
               | 
               | I'm also interested in discussing whether or not ETFs
               | should exist. I wonder at some point if you just kind of
               | eliminate price discovery and prop up zombie companies.
        
         | bidirectional wrote:
         | What illegal shorts? Short interest being above 100% of
         | floatation can happen perfectly naturally without anything
         | illegal being done.
        
           | rob74 wrote:
           | Yeah, about as "perfectly natural" as the stock market
           | soaring while the economy is in crisis (i.e. logical, but
           | completely perverted).
        
             | MperorM wrote:
             | why is shorting a company perverted? I would argue it's a
             | great asset to society.
             | 
             | Eg. those who shorted stock because they expected covid-19
             | to cause a market dip, sent a giant signal to the entire
             | world that covid was going to be a big problem.
        
               | im3w1l wrote:
               | If you are short a company then you benefit from harming
               | it. In the example you provide, the short seller could
               | benefit by exacerbating covid, by sabotaging the
               | response. I'm not saying I'm definitely against all forms
               | of shorting because of this, but that is one drawback at
               | the least.
        
               | shawabawa3 wrote:
               | if you are long a company then you benefit from helping
               | it. For example, lobbying to dismantle environmental
               | regulations to increase the value of your fossil fuel
               | stocks
        
               | bidirectional wrote:
               | You also benefit from harming its competitors.
        
               | MperorM wrote:
               | This is the same argument often made against prediction
               | markets. I remain unconvinced this is a significant
               | issue, but I'm always open to changing my mind :)
        
               | rob74 wrote:
               | Nothing against shorting in principle, the OP and me were
               | just referring to being able to "sell" more shares of a
               | company than there are in existence...
        
               | MperorM wrote:
               | How is that perverted? Shorting a stock is fundamentally
               | no different than other types of debt.
               | 
               | Imagine an economy of 3 people, A, B and C.
               | 
               | A has $5.
               | 
               | B borrows $5 from A.
               | 
               | C borrows $5 from B.
               | 
               | A borrows $5 form C.
               | 
               | The economy started with $5 and $0 debt, the economy ends
               | with $5 and $15 debt. Despite the fact that the society's
               | total debt is now 300% the size of its economy, it is no
               | different than how it started. Debt isn't inherently bad.
               | Debt is a tool that allows us to collaborate.
        
               | OJFord wrote:
               | That can only happen with naked shorting, which is
               | (illegal and) not implied by >100% short interest.
               | 
               | Some of the short sales refer to the same shares; say
               | there's one share in the company and it's (borrowed and)
               | sold short thrice. The company's one share has been sold
               | three times, but there haven't been sales of more shares
               | than there are in the company - the three (short) sellers
               | need to get that (same) one share back to close their
               | position in sequence.
        
               | smogcutter wrote:
               | That's not mysterious or suspicious at all, it's just a
               | consequence of being able to lend something fungible.
               | Very similar to how bank lending affects the supply of
               | money.
        
               | klmadfejno wrote:
               | It certainly opens up the door to malicious information
               | asymmetries and pr campaigns.
        
               | MperorM wrote:
               | Yeah that's right.
               | 
               | I am somewhat torn on where to stand on this. On one hand
               | I do see why we would want regulation against insider
               | trading & pump and dumps, on the other hand I worry that
               | regulation isn't preventing either, and society quickly
               | would become inoculated if we legalized it.
               | 
               | When I read Robin Hanson's paper on insider trading and
               | prediction markets, I became much more uncertain about
               | whether we should regulate this area than I used to be.
               | 
               | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228340813_Inside
               | r_T...
        
               | klmadfejno wrote:
               | I'd rather we just enact capital gains taxes to lower the
               | overall incentive of financial wizardry to begin with.
               | Force prices of assets back to the value of their
               | dividends. Make it painful to be a growth stock unless
               | your case for valuable future dividends is really
               | compelling.
        
               | CydeWeys wrote:
               | As does going long. Your classic pump-and-dump scheme has
               | led to thousands of disinformation campaigns that don't
               | require shorting at all.
        
               | klmadfejno wrote:
               | On some level shorting is worse though. A pump and dump
               | scheme hurts investors. A shorting scheme can hurt
               | investors and destroy the company.
        
               | fractionalhare wrote:
               | How does shorting destroy a company destroy it?
        
               | klmadfejno wrote:
               | It could open a company to a hostile takeover, or cripple
               | them if they were reliant on a realistic share price to
               | raise necessary capital.
               | 
               | Shorting a company itself isn't so bad. Orchestrating bad
               | PR to boost your short option earnings is bad.
        
               | nrmitchi wrote:
               | > Orchestrating bad PR to boost your short option
               | earnings is bad.
               | 
               | So legit question, lets flip this around. Lets pretend
               | that I am super confident, and have strong evidence to
               | believe, that company $ABC, currently trading at
               | $100/share, has been committing fraud and is drastically
               | over-valued because of it. Lets say, I don't know, it was
               | intentionally skipping numbers during the day to give the
               | appearance of higher volume[0]. I've determined this by
               | investing a bunch of resources in research to determine
               | that reported numbers don't line up with the actual
               | number of customers, or don't line up with other
               | available data from other sources.
               | 
               | So I take a short position. But I'm not allowed to say
               | anything about it. I keep silent.
               | 
               | Now 3 years later, the fraud is uncovered elsewhere, I
               | make a killing, and my only response is "Ya, I knew they
               | were fraudulent years ago, and here is all of my proof.
               | But I didn't say anything for 3 years."
               | 
               | Would you argue that I'm not complicit in that fraud for
               | all the years I knew about it?
               | 
               | [0] https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-07-29/lu
               | ckin-co...
        
               | CydeWeys wrote:
               | Shorting can also help investors in the market at large
               | if it helps bring down companies that are obvious scams.
               | Some short seller reports have pretty famously destroyed
               | companies that were up to no good, preventing further
               | harm to future investors and boosting confidence in the
               | valuations of the rest of the market. If there's no money
               | in doing all of those short seller reports, then people
               | won't do them, and the market will have less information
               | available to it in total, and more frauds will continue
               | to go under the radar.
        
               | klmadfejno wrote:
               | Like what
        
               | CydeWeys wrote:
               | Enron is one of the most famous examples:
               | https://www.finance-monthly.com/2017/10/the-
               | top-10-greatest-...
        
               | rcxdude wrote:
               | Luckin Coffee, for example (massive valuation until it
               | turned out a huge number of their sales were fraudulent.
               | Exposed by short sellers). Enron also was in part brought
               | to light by short sellers.
        
               | mdoms wrote:
               | Just so you know, outside of your bizarro-world America-
               | brain, the world was well aware that Covid-19 "was going
               | to be a big problem" without the help of your stock
               | market games.
        
               | MperorM wrote:
               | I'm Danish and live in Denmark.
               | 
               | Please keep your next bigoted comment to yourself, they
               | don't belong on this forum.
        
         | Railsify wrote:
         | Were the shorts illegal? I keep seeing the accusation but I
         | don't think it's possible to short sell a stock that you have
         | not borrowed.
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | It's definitely _possible_.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naked_short_selling
        
             | Railsify wrote:
             | Possible but would require a licensed broker to break the
             | law. It's like check kiting but with the aid of a broker
             | the broker would have to credit your account shares that do
             | not exist.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | > In May 2012, lawyers acting for Goldman accidentally
               | released an unredacted document revealing compromising
               | internal discussions regarding naked short selling. "Fuck
               | the compliance area - procedures, schmecedures", Rolling
               | Stone Magazine quoted Peter Melz, the former president of
               | Merrill Lynch Professional Clearing Corp. as saying in
               | the document.
        
               | user-the-name wrote:
               | > In May 2012
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | That's not long ago, and it's after the practice was
               | banned. You think the banking industry has had an ethical
               | epiphany and sudden love for regulations in the last
               | decade?
        
               | user-the-name wrote:
               | What I think is that if you are going to make a very
               | specific claim that fraud has occurred, you should back
               | that up with some evidence that is similarly specific,
               | not with a "well it could happen, it happened once before
               | nine years ago!"
        
           | fractionalhare wrote:
           | It's possible; it's called naked short selling. The only
           | reason people actually think it might have happened is
           | because of widespread accusations on reddit. These
           | accusations are financially illiterate and deluded
           | conjecture, but they're stated with utter conviction so a lot
           | of people find them convincing.
           | 
           | There isn't actually any evidence the named hedge funds were
           | engaged in naked short selling. For the most part, people
           | seem to misinterpret short interest and failure to deliver
           | data as an indication naked short selling occurred.
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | > the ones who attempted illegal shorts
         | 
         | [citation needed]; is this actually true or is this just part
         | of the WSB sales pitch?
        
           | BunsanSpace wrote:
           | Melvin capital and several other hedge funds engaged in naked
           | short selling, and many backbone clearing houses enabled it
           | via share counter fitting. (naked short selling is illegal)
           | 
           | The deeper issue is the SEC not cracking down on the fail to
           | delivers and naked short selling.
           | 
           | I think Robinhood and other brokerages are the scape goats
           | here. Their hands where tied when the companies that
           | processed their orders refused to process trades for those
           | stocks.
           | 
           | The whole debacle has exposed a lot of corrupt, fraud and
           | other nasties while showing the SEC is completely unwilling
           | to do their job.
        
             | penagwin wrote:
             | Is there a source for this? I watched their testimony to
             | congress and they said they aren't even able to place naked
             | shorts/calls.
             | 
             | You can still get a short interest above 100% without
             | selling naked calls/shorts.
        
               | nrmitchi wrote:
               | This whole "illegal naked short sales" story recently is
               | a conspiracy theory, not a valid theory, so you're not
               | going to get a source.
               | 
               | The main difference between a conspiracy theory and a
               | valid theory is that a conspiracy theory is non-
               | falsifiable; any evidence to the contrary is dismissed as
               | "fake news" or "the deep state is hiding the evidence".
               | 
               | In your example here of "they testified to Congress under
               | penalty of perjury", the response will be "Ya, they lied,
               | because they knew the whole system would back them. They
               | faked all of the records that show that they didn't
               | actually do it!".
               | 
               | Now this isn't to say that a conspiracy theory _can 't be
               | right in the end_, but that still doesn't make it a valid
               | theory.
        
               | fractionalhare wrote:
               | _> The main difference between a conspiracy theory and a
               | valid theory is that a conspiracy theory is non-
               | falsifiable; any evidence to the contrary is dismissed as
               | "fake news" or "the deep state is hiding the evidence"._
               | 
               | Likewise: if you're debating a claim with someone who is
               | being intellectually honest, they'll receive your
               | evidence and consider it critically on the merits. If you
               | debate a claim with a conspiracy theorist, they will use
               | any evidence you provide them to support the idea that
               | the conspiracy theory is even bigger than they could have
               | imagined - more parties are corrupt, more people are in
               | on it, etc.
               | 
               | It's exhausting.
        
             | fractionalhare wrote:
             | _> Melvin capital and several other hedge funds engaged in
             | naked short selling, and many backbone clearing houses
             | enabled it via share counter fitting. (naked short selling
             | is illegal)_
             | 
             | No they didn't. Naked short selling is different from short
             | selling while the short interest is high.
        
               | dangerbird2 wrote:
               | To clarify, People incorrectly assumed that because the
               | short interest to float percentage was over 100%, the
               | hedge funds had to be naked shorting. This is not true at
               | all: because of how short selling works, there can be
               | more than one short sale tied to a single share.
               | 
               | Seller A borrows a share, sells it to buyer B. Buyer B
               | then leases the share to Seller C, who then short sells
               | it. This is not a naked short, but a plain ol' short
               | sale.
               | 
               | A naked short would be where Seller A doesn't own a
               | share, but sells one to Buyer B anyway, with a contract
               | stipulating the time the seller must buy and deliver the
               | share. With the exception of market makers, this is
               | illegal but ridiculously easy to detect, since Seller A's
               | sales exceed the number of shares purchased. There is
               | zero evidence any of the hedge funds were short selling.
        
               | firebird84 wrote:
               | This is exactly it. It's basically fractional reserve
               | banking all over again, except that instead of dollars,
               | we use shares.
               | 
               | It may be in the national interest to impose "reserve
               | requirements" on brokerages in order to prevent too much
               | perversion of market prices.
        
               | dangerbird2 wrote:
               | Aside from being all but unenforcable, Restricting short
               | selling like that will almost certainly cause stocks to
               | become overvalued. Short selling is an important balance
               | on overvalued stocks, and there are cases like the Enron
               | scandal where short sellers were the first to detect a
               | company is engaging in fraudulent behavior[1].
               | Restricting short selling would allow companies cooking
               | the books to keep their stock values at artificial levels
               | despite investor skepticism
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enron_scandal#Timeline_
               | of_down...
        
               | nix0n wrote:
               | > With the exception of market makers, this is illegal
               | 
               | Do you mean, this is legal for market makers?
               | 
               | Is there any other way that the number of shares being
               | shorted, could be greater than the number of shares in
               | existence?
        
               | dangerbird2 wrote:
               | > Do you mean, this is legal for market makers
               | 
               | Yes. They need to be able to make naked shorts, as this
               | is what allows traders to buy a share without having a
               | willing seller at any given moment and vice versa.
               | 
               | > Is there any other way that the number of shares being
               | shorted, could be greater than the number of shares in
               | existence?
               | 
               | As I mentioned, It's perfectly cromulent to have multiple
               | non-naked shorts on the same shares, so the short
               | interest as a percentage of float can certainly exceed
               | 100% without any illegal behavior. I imagine the reason
               | for this misconception is that people think of a short as
               | an "anti-share" that can't exceed the number of shares
               | being traded, when it's really a more abstract investment
               | tactic or contract.
        
               | notyourday wrote:
               | > Do you mean, this is legal for market makers?
               | 
               | Yes, market makers are allowed to sell short without
               | having a locate.
               | 
               | It should be noted that the market makers will attempt to
               | zero out their total exposure by the end of the trading
               | session.
        
               | mlrtime wrote:
               | That should be DMM or PMM or the equivalent designation
               | by the exchange. These are special appointments, you
               | can't just call yourself a market maker and sell short.
        
               | notyourday wrote:
               | Oh yes, definitely. There are a lot of regulations for
               | market makers.
        
         | fractionalhare wrote:
         | Which firms attempted illegal short selling, and what is your
         | specific evidence to support that they did?
        
           | SkyBelow wrote:
           | Is this needed to make a claim?
           | 
           | If I say that someone stole the Declaration of Independence,
           | then I would only need to provide evidence it was stolen, not
           | evidence that shows some particular person stole it.
           | 
           | In this case, evidence of illegal shorts is what one would
           | need to provide to back their claim, not evidence that a
           | specific firm engaged in illegal shorts.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | >In this case, evidence of illegal shorts is what one would
             | need to provide to back their claim
             | 
             | Okay, what's the evidence of illegal shorts?
        
               | Swenrekcah wrote:
               | Everything I (think I) know about this I have learned in
               | the last few weeks so take this with a grain of salt, but
               | I understand that GME shares have failed to deliver a lot
               | which can be evidence of naked shorts which are
               | supposedly illegal.
        
         | gitdown42 wrote:
         | Robinhood deserves negative attention, but not for restricting
         | trades to closing-ony. That appears to not have been much of a
         | choice.
         | 
         | They do deserve a lot of negative attention for running a
         | brokerage in a way that invited a lot of risk-ignorant retail
         | traders to instantly trade into leveraged positions for which
         | they should never have been qualified in the first place.
         | Robinhood has the valuation it does because it brought
         | leveraged day trading to the masses. As someone who worked at a
         | brokerage and designed trading tools, leveraged day trading
         | isn't for the masses.
        
           | Mauricebranagh wrote:
           | And add these adverts plugging "factional" shares at naive
           | first time investors to the list, tbh I think the SEC should
           | encourage share splits once a share gets to Tesla levels.
           | 
           | Your first investments should never be in individual shares -
           | start with an tracker ETF for a few years before branching
           | out to active management or even individual shares.
        
           | SilasX wrote:
           | I don't think the inviting was where it went wrong, but in
           | having a criminally bad UX that deceives those same naive
           | users. Like executing your purchase as a margin buy without
           | making clear it _is_ a margin buy that can be sold out from
           | under you:
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25962906
           | 
           | Or the suicide from the kid who didn't understand his
           | position wasn't actually extremely negative.
        
           | unethical_ban wrote:
           | I'm not a big fan of "RH should protect people more"
           | 
           | They clearly did not have the finances available to provide
           | the service they offer. Regardless of whether that was forced
           | on them, the outcome was RH's failures manipulating a market.
           | 
           | RH should be fined and sued out of existence.
           | 
           | I also don't see the value in short selling. Seems like a way
           | to gamble legally in all 50 states.
        
             | gpm wrote:
             | Incidentally affecting the market is not market
             | manipulation...
        
               | unethical_ban wrote:
               | Their incompetence is the direct cause of the tanking of
               | a stock.
               | 
               | Even if it wasn't _intentional_ , it was artificial.
        
             | pwnguin wrote:
             | Short selling is absurdly risky, but selling put options
             | should probably remain allowed.
        
               | mlrtime wrote:
               | Probably? Selling short a put is long the stock.
               | 
               | I'm glad we aren't creating SEC rules based off of
               | peoples' feelings.
        
               | unethical_ban wrote:
               | Sure, I'm not lobbying the law to be changed on my
               | feelings, but someone able to risk _infinity_ money in
               | the hopes of a company's value decreasing does "feel"
               | dangerous and wrong.
        
         | totalZero wrote:
         | The hedge fund shorts were irresponsible but I don't think
         | there exists any credible argument that they were illegal.
        
         | pwnguin wrote:
         | I'm not even sure Robinhood is falling. Yes they had to take
         | out a billion dollar bridge loan, but that means their assets
         | under management just shot up massively. And now that the
         | frenzy is over, they repay the loan and keep the assets under
         | management.
        
         | omgJustTest wrote:
         | Hard to hear.
         | 
         | Robinhood has normalized pay for flow, a service that is
         | literally shaving cash off each order in exchange for "free
         | trading". Pff can only generate net revenue by making traders
         | pay more per trade than actual best execution, which Robinhood
         | is suppose to be legally required to deliver. The SEC in the
         | 90s and 2000s thought the practice amounted to middle manning
         | traders and should be illegal.
         | 
         | Basically: Robinhood gives stock purchases to a third party,
         | who pays Robinhood for each transaction in "rebates". If you
         | have a free trading account other than fidelity, you are paying
         | insane transaction fees that are hidden from you by the pff.
         | It's middle manning, and Robinhood is paid to enable it.
         | 
         | Not a fall guy, just not all the guys that need to fall.
        
           | croon wrote:
           | Isn't the not-so-secret secret that every other brokerage
           | also sells flow [0], but still charges the end user?
           | 
           | Making Robinhood just less bad than the rest.
           | 
           | [0] https://piper2.bluematrix.com/sellside/EmailDocViewer?enc
           | ryp...
        
           | omgJustTest wrote:
           | On the topic of trading freezes and capital requirements:
           | there are a lot of ppl who will loan a broker money.
           | Intersect them with the number of ppl who will and can PFF
           | and now you are talking about 1-10orgs and most of them are
           | high frequency middle manning the orders coming in. If you
           | are one of the 1-10 orgs who do this 1. You're scum and 2.
           | You are big enough to be on both sides of this definition of
           | the conflict of interests
           | 
           | What happens to RH rebates if they no longer have 1-10 of
           | those PFF customers?
        
           | astura wrote:
           | Isn't this something almost all brokerages do?
           | 
           | https://efipm.medium.com/zero-commission-brokers-selling-
           | ord...
        
           | mlrtime wrote:
           | When RH sells to a internalizer for payment (PFOF) it is
           | always inside the NBBO (National Best Bid and Offer) which is
           | always going to be a better price than what you would receive
           | on a public exchange AND there are 0 commissions.
        
             | rcxdude wrote:
             | Exactly. It's not the user paying for it, it's whoever
             | would have been on the other side of the trade without the
             | pay-for-flow.
        
         | Chris2048 wrote:
         | > the entities who actually acted in bad faith
         | 
         | Then RH can sue _them_. As the consumer interface, the buck
         | either stops with them, or they pass it along.
        
         | Taylor_OD wrote:
         | You think Robinhood did nothing wrong in the eyes of the law?
         | Or that they did not treat their customers (users of the app
         | not the purchasers of their data) poorly? Or that their app did
         | not disable users from trading shares of stocks?
         | 
         | I'd genuinely shocked to see someone say they think Robinhood
         | didnt do anything wrong. Unless I'm misunderstanding you.
        
           | diehunde wrote:
           | What they did wrong was not having the resources to handle
           | that volatile environment. I know other companies also halted
           | trading, but many didn't. They are bitting off more than they
           | can chew.
        
             | CydeWeys wrote:
             | Is that illegal though? I don't think so.
             | 
             | And also, they were offering customers a courtesy to use
             | unsettled funds to buy stocks immediately, rather than
             | waiting two business days for funds to clear. Most
             | customers generally appreciate this feature (I certainly
             | do!).
             | 
             | The only thing I'd say they did wrong (but not illegally
             | so) was not having finer-grained controls ready to go to be
             | able to shut down purchases of shares using unsettled funds
             | and/or margin, while still allowing purchases by users with
             | settled funds. This is a feature that some other brokers
             | already have, i.e. you can buy large caps with unsettled
             | funds but penny stocks require the use of settled funds.
        
               | nrmitchi wrote:
               | In this situation, I don't think that the distinction
               | between settled and unsettled funds would have mattered.
               | 
               | Robinhood was still responsible for the clearinghouse-
               | mandated deposit requirements, whether the purchase was
               | from settled or unsettled funds.
               | 
               | My understanding is that the deposit funds, and the
               | funds-fronted-on-margin, are two different groups of
               | money.
        
               | CydeWeys wrote:
               | But the point is that they can meet the deposit
               | requirements on settled customer funds easily with those
               | funds themselves, since those funds are actually settled.
               | But on unsettled customer funds, they have to come up
               | with their own money to bridge the gap until the customer
               | funds settle.
        
               | nrmitchi wrote:
               | No, they can't. They can't use customer funds for DTCC
               | deposit requirements. It's just not allowed.
               | 
               | IIRC the deposit requirement was raised to 100%.
               | 
               | Even if the customer funds were settled, and the customer
               | wanted to buy 1 share of GME for $300, Robinhood would
               | have to post $300 _of it 's own money_, just in case. Now
               | would Robinhood get that money back? Most likely, but
               | that doesn't mean they don't have to have it to deposit
               | in the first place.
        
               | CydeWeys wrote:
               | Hrm, so that makes Robinhood's situation even more
               | impossible then. There's nothing they could've done to
               | continue to allow people to buy $GME absent coming up
               | with billions of dollars for a few days' worth of
               | deposits.
        
       | LatteLazy wrote:
       | I imagine very few have any merit.
       | 
       | The far more damaging aspect is commercial: they're no longer the
       | darling of r/WSB.
        
       | criddell wrote:
       | Does the Robinhood TOS not require arbitration to settle disputes
       | with users?
        
       | jcranmer wrote:
       | I've read a couple of the lawsuits on courtlistener. From what
       | I've read, these lawsuits are going to go absolutely nowhere.
       | 
       | The biggest problem most of the lawsuits face is that there is a
       | provision in the Terms of Service that basically says that
       | Robinhood can prevent you from trading in any stock it wishes.
       | Any complaint that amounts to "Robinhood violated its contract"
       | is going to go down in flames as a result--it didn't violate its
       | contract; the people who are complaining didn't _read_ the
       | contract.
       | 
       | That really only leaves two kinds of claims that might have legs:
       | arguing that Robinhood violated securities laws, and arguing
       | conspiracy on the part of hedge funds. The first part is
       | difficult to win on because many of the complainants will simply
       | lack the standing to do so (you have to have owned the stocks in
       | question and bought/sold at a manipulated price to show standing,
       | and since the complaints are generally on the theme of "we tried
       | to buy but couldn't", they fail that) [1]. The last one might
       | survive until discovery if properly pled, but I sincerely doubt
       | they'll ever eventually win it.
       | 
       | [1] One of the cases filed for a temporary restraining order
       | mainly on the basis of the complaint. The judge found that the
       | briefing didn't even meet the "raises serious questions" burden
       | of proof, although they mentioned that the TRO failed really hard
       | at the "suffered irreparable harm" part because losing money is
       | pretty much by definition a reparable harm.
        
         | rkagerer wrote:
         | Have any claimants presented compelling arguments for the judge
         | to throw out that contract provision?
        
           | jcranmer wrote:
           | In short, no, not that I've seen. However, there also hasn't
           | particularly been much of a reason to yet--there haven't been
           | any motions that need argumentation, and the defense
           | (Robinhood) hasn't responded yet to the cases.
        
         | nextaccountic wrote:
         | > That really only leaves two kinds of claims that might have
         | legs: arguing that Robinhood violated securities laws, and
         | arguing conspiracy on the part of hedge funds. The first part
         | is difficult to win on because many of the complainants will
         | simply lack the standing to do so (you have to have owned the
         | stocks in question and bought/sold at a manipulated price to
         | show standing, and since the complaints are generally on the
         | theme of "we tried to buy but couldn't", they fail that)
         | 
         | Someone that owned GME shares could argue that by restricting
         | buying but not selling shares, Robinhood was acting to lower
         | the value of this asset. They might argue that in this
         | situation the only fair thing to do is to restrict buying and
         | selling altogether.
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | >Someone that owned GME shares could argue that by
           | restricting buying but not selling shares, Robinhood was
           | acting to lower the value of this asset. They might argue
           | that in this situation the only fair thing to do is to
           | restrict buying and selling altogether.
           | 
           | Whether that's fair is debatable. If you held GME shares and
           | wanted to get out, but couldn't because robinhood restricted
           | sells for no reason (ie. they couldn't execute buys because
           | they couldn't put up the collateral, but they can still
           | process sells because they don't need collateral for that),
           | that can also be construed as unfair.
        
           | nrmitchi wrote:
           | > restrict buying and selling altogether
           | 
           | Robinhood is a brokerage, they are not the entire stock
           | market.
           | 
           | Robinhood has 0 ability to prevent people from selling GME in
           | the market at large.
           | 
           | It kind of feels like some people don't understand that
           | Robinhood is only a gateway into a much larger system, and is
           | fundamentally different than an "app/game" that controls the
           | entire system on it's own servers.
        
         | Kranar wrote:
         | Contracts do not override a broker's fiduciary duty to its
         | clients. A fiduciary duty is the highest standard of care
         | recognized by law and requires the agent to act in the best
         | interest of the principal.
         | 
         | Once the evidence is presented, a plaintiff may find that
         | Robinhood did not act with the highest standard of care, did
         | not do everything it could have done to prepare for and handle
         | the situation.
         | 
         | We don't know because the evidence hasn't been disclosed, a
         | major part of any lawsuit is to give plaintiffs an opportunity
         | to assess the evidence produced by the defendant to determine
         | if any wrongdoing took place.
        
           | mam2 wrote:
           | Rh will argue best financiary duty was to protect his
           | customers from the volatility
        
             | boublepop wrote:
             | And the question will be posed if making it an absolute
             | certainty that your customers lose value is a justified
             | action because it reduces volatility. And RH will have a
             | tough time arguing. "Yes, yesterday you had 2mil but you
             | didn't know if it would double or halve. Today you know for
             | sure that you have 100k, so why aren't you happy? I'm just
             | looking out for your best interests!"
        
               | foolmeonce wrote:
               | They let their customers sell which was probably a
               | fiduciary responsibility.
               | 
               | An obligation to maintain the market for a stock because
               | a portion of it's owners are your customers would be a
               | bizarre responsibility.
        
       | trestenhortz wrote:
       | Fuck robinhood I hope they are bankrupted.
       | 
       | A company with zero integrity.
       | 
       | I lost a huge amount of money that day.
       | 
       | I don't mind losing fair and square .... make a bad call, lose
       | the dough, pay the price - that's the deal.
       | 
       | I'm even ok with losing for reasons I don't understand due to the
       | concealed rigged nature of the markets.
       | 
       | But losing my money on the same day that robinhood manipulates
       | the market openly and publicly really felt unfair.
       | 
       | I'd be most pleased if they went from pending 50 billion IPO to
       | ZIPPO. Nothing for the founder and nothing for the investors. I
       | hate this company.
       | 
       | And remember if you're considering opening an account with
       | robinhood what you personally might lose by putting your money
       | with them.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | vga805 wrote:
         | Multiple brokerages shut down buying due to the collateral
         | requirements that were raised. Robinhood seems like the fall
         | guy here, hopefully people start asking the right questions
         | about the collateral and the manipulation there.
        
           | trestenhortz wrote:
           | That is absolutely not the reason that they publicly stated
           | they stopped allowing purchasing and only allowed selling.
           | 
           | I'd dance on the grave of this company.
        
             | elefanten wrote:
             | Who cares? Companies rush out dumb comms under pressure
             | then walk em back or change them.
             | 
             | They're not _obligated_ to stick to the first thing they
             | said on a topic -- especially when it 's customer comms.
             | 
             | It's not a good source for answering what they did / why
             | they did it.
        
             | bidirectional wrote:
             | Well then what is the reason? I've not seen anything else.
             | The CEO was cagey when asked about liquidity, but every
             | official release has suggested that the collateral
             | requirements were the problem.
        
             | xadhominemx wrote:
             | Actually it is the reason they stated
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | There was a several hour period one evening where some
               | "it's for your own good because of the volatility"
               | message was the first comms from the company on the
               | topic.
        
           | kmlx wrote:
           | other brokerages simply put up the money. this meant that
           | while huge swaths of the retail investors in the US (and
           | parts of Europe) were not allowed to buy GME, other retail
           | investors had no issues.
           | 
           | to top it off, certain brokerages only allowed sell orders.
           | 
           | this meant a huge imbalance in the market.
           | 
           | i really don't get how this is legal and why heads aren't
           | rolling.
           | 
           | case in point: saxo bank let me trade GME without an issue.
           | but since most brokerages did not put up the new collateral,
           | and only allowed sell...
           | 
           | basically this is a case of market manipulation by way of
           | changing the rules in realtime.
           | 
           | i get why they changed the rules, i don't get why the SEC is
           | not removing the authorisation of the participants in this
           | scheme and also not prosecuting the companies.
           | 
           | i'm clearly missing some info here and need to read some more
           | on this subject.
        
             | jusonchan81 wrote:
             | The main problem was majority of the GME interest was on
             | Robinhood platform. So other brokers were able to get away
             | with deposits or shorter blocking.
             | 
             | The next squeeze will put pressure on the other brokers
             | given the movement of accounts out of Robinhood. I feel
             | this works out in favor of Robinhood and as they don't need
             | to deal with gambling style traders.
        
             | bidirectional wrote:
             | So what are you proposing? All brokerages must put up the
             | collateral no matter what? Surely it is up to the
             | individual businesses whether they can afford to, want to
             | take the risk, etc.
        
               | tedunangst wrote:
               | Some people seem to be suggesting that when RH got the
               | collateral call for funds they didn't have on hand, they
               | should have instantly gone into receivership and wound
               | the whole operation down, closing all accounts. Or
               | something like that. They probably don't mean that, but
               | it's the logical conclusion of what they're saying.
               | Always have the required collateral or face instant
               | annihilation.
        
             | CydeWeys wrote:
             | No brokerage is under any obligation to use their _own
             | funds_ as collateral in order to allow you to trade using
             | unsettled funds or margin on highly volatile securities. A
             | brokerage could be left holding a huge bag here if they put
             | up their own funds to allow someone to buy GME, then the
             | incoming unsettled funds from the customer bounce, and now
             | the brokerage is left holding shares of GME worth $100 or
             | whatever and they 've incurred a huge loss.
             | 
             | You are NOT entitled to trading with a brokerage's funds as
             | if they were your own.
        
               | minsc__and__boo wrote:
               | For margin trading, sure, but IIRC Robinhood halted all
               | trading, even with your own money.
               | 
               | I think it has more to do with Robinhood giving away free
               | trading, while the trades themselves have a non-zero
               | variable cost to Robinhood. Since their revenue comes
               | from selling insightful user trade data, a run on GME
               | isn't insightful and had diminishing returns (my
               | hypothesis anyways).
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | >other brokerages simply put up the money
             | 
             | ...assuming they had the money. On the day they suspended
             | trading, they also raised $2B in funding the same night. A
             | few days later they partially unrestricted trading.
        
             | joncrane wrote:
             | >other brokerages simply put up the money.
             | 
             | Nope, multiple other brokerages including Interactive
             | Brokers also suspended options trading and opening any new
             | positions in the so-called "meme" stocks.
        
         | lugorrr wrote:
         | I can only recommend reading this [1] digest.
         | 
         | [1] https://blog.bitmex.com/walkaway/
        
         | dmos62 wrote:
         | For the record, why did Robinhood stop the trading? I know
         | there's been an uproar, but due to the volume of articles it's
         | been difficult to get a clearheaded idea of why Robinhood
         | actually did it.
        
           | SalimoS wrote:
           | There is an episode on NPR
           | https://www.npr.org/2021/02/02/963466346/robinhoods-very-
           | bad...
        
           | trestenhortz wrote:
           | They've removed the original blog post that gave their
           | rationale.
           | 
           | If anyone can find it I'd like to read it again.
           | 
           | The original reason was some bullshit about protecting
           | investors from volatility.
        
           | a254613e wrote:
           | Liquidity issue. Or rather, extremely close to it.
           | 
           | The CEO said he "doesn't want to use the L word" to describe
           | it.
           | 
           | Basically they had to cover/deposit the purchase trades
           | themselves, before they ran out of money to do so (liquidity
           | issue) they shut down purchasing - then went on record on
           | CNBC etc claiming that it's not a liquidity issue.
           | 
           | Interview with the CEO https://youtu.be/LqoJApzkaPU?t=404
           | where he confirms that's the case
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | dmos62 wrote:
           | To answer my own question: quoting
           | https://blog.bitmex.com/walkaway/
           | 
           | > "Brokers must post margin with the Depository Trust &
           | Clearing Corporation and National Securities Clearing
           | Corporation at the end of each day to ensure enough funds are
           | reserved to cover any trading losses."
           | 
           | > The "meme" stonks' volatility skyrocketed, which meant that
           | the clearing organisations could ask for more collateral from
           | brokers on the grounds of needing to protect themselves from
           | additional potential risk when settling the brokers' trades.
           | It takes two business days to settle stocks in the so-called
           | digital age...
           | 
           | > Robinhood in particular was told to come up with $4
           | billion, or they would not be able to facilitate any trading
           | the following day. RH, apparently not having that much cash
           | on-hand, said, "how about we stop trading or severely curtail
           | trading in the stocks that are causing PAIN to various
           | masters of the universe?" The clearing houses said, "OK, in
           | that case, you would only need to post $700 million." RH
           | agreed to that figure, rushed to raise more money from the
           | Street and/or Silicon Valley, and then subsequently shut off
           | trading on Jan 28th and into the weekend. (This is
           | information gleaned from an interview the CEO of RH gave to
           | Elon Musk on Clubhouse).
           | 
           | So, it's the clearing houses that strongarmed shutting down
           | the trading.
        
             | trestenhortz wrote:
             | That's not the reason robinhood gave at the time.
             | 
             | Also, robinhood waited till the end of the day to lift its
             | ban, despite other companies had followed robinhood lead
             | lifting their bans hours earlier.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >despite other companies had followed robinhood lead
               | lifting their bans hours earlier.
               | 
               | maybe because the other companies don't have a high
               | concentration of wsb users?
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _That's not the reason robinhood gave at the time_
               | 
               | Hence, lawsuits.
        
               | fennecfoxen wrote:
               | Even if he knowingly, brazenly lied, and lied worse than
               | this, that's a weak basis for a lawsuit by itself. You'll
               | need to prove some damages from the lie.
        
       | cwhiz wrote:
       | I don't really care what the rules are. Arbitrarily preventing
       | people from buying, but not selling, is market manipulation. Any
       | company that took part in this should be dismantled. If you need
       | to halt trading because of liquidity requirements, halt all
       | trading.
        
         | cortesoft wrote:
         | It wasn't arbitrary. There is huge risk for brokers when very
         | volatile stocks are bought at heavy volume. The risk is not
         | there when selling stock. The companies backing the risk RH was
         | taking rightfully asked for more collateral, and RH wasn't able
         | to come up with it.
         | 
         | It was in no way arbitrary.
        
           | OJFord wrote:
           | Better, it's reduced.
        
         | OJFord wrote:
         | No, not allowing people to close open positions would be way
         | more of a shit show, and way more likely to look bad (on the
         | broker) in court.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2021-03-03 23:03 UTC)