[HN Gopher] For the First Time, Physicists Have Filmed the Oscil...
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       For the First Time, Physicists Have Filmed the Oscillation of a
       Time Crystal
        
       Author : IFR
       Score  : 94 points
       Date   : 2021-03-02 10:53 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.sciencealert.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.sciencealert.com)
        
       | seism wrote:
       | Far out! Here is the 13 second video from the Max Planck Society
       | in all its glory: https://youtu.be/kUY3TglEUCU
        
         | koolba wrote:
         | That is cool!
         | 
         | I've never seen such a weird aspect ratio on YouTube either.
        
         | techrat wrote:
         | Honestly, the video just looks like someone re-inverted an
         | image several times over using a fade. What am I missing?
        
           | airstrike wrote:
           | > Time crystals should be stable and coherent over long time
           | periods, because they - theoretically - oscillate at their
           | lowest possible energy state. The team's research shows that
           | driven magnonic time crystals can be easily manipulated,
           | opening a new way to reconfigure time crystals. This could
           | open up the state of matter for a range of practical
           | applications.
           | 
           | > "Classical crystals have a very broad field of
           | applications," said physicist Joachim Grafe of the Max Planck
           | Institute for Intelligent Systems.
           | 
           | > "Now, if crystals can interact not only in space but also
           | in time, we add another dimension of possible applications.
           | The potential for communication, radar or imaging technology
           | is huge."
        
       | 867-5309 wrote:
       | >filmed at up to 40 billion frames per second
       | 
       | that's quite a feat on anyone's watch
        
         | bluefirebrand wrote:
         | It probably was filmed on a camera not a watch.
        
       | allemagne wrote:
       | >"Now, if crystals can interact not only in space but also in
       | time, we add another dimension of possible applications. The
       | potential for communication, radar or imaging technology is
       | huge."
       | 
       | Could anyone expand on this in an accessible way? What kinds of
       | changes could we see in imaging or communication technology?
        
       | armada651 wrote:
       | How do Time Crystals differ from the quartz crystals used for
       | time keeping in electronics? Is the only difference that Time
       | Crystals oscillate without needing an electric field?
        
         | dhdc wrote:
         | From my very limited knowledge of physics, time crystals can
         | theoretically oscillate forever without any excitation at their
         | ground state, though laws of theromodynamics are not broken and
         | energy cannot be extracted from their oscillations. In a normal
         | crystal oscillater, power is needed to keep the crystal
         | oscillating.
        
         | yccs27 wrote:
         | Normally, a system (like a quartz) which is driven by an
         | external frequency, oscillates at the same or a multiple of the
         | driving frequency. This is because the external conditions are
         | symmetric under a time translation (i.e. a delay) by the period
         | duration. This symmetry is normally preserved by the system.
         | 
         | A time crystal, however, will oscillate with a fraction (or
         | rational multiple) of the driving frequency. This breaks the
         | original time translation symmetry.
        
         | mjfl wrote:
         | I also wonder how a time crystal is different from a harmonic
         | oscillator.
        
       | yccs27 wrote:
       | Since the article doesn't do a good job of explaining what a time
       | crystal _is_ , here's my attempt at summarizing the Wikipedia
       | article.
       | 
       | Normally, a system which is driven by an external frequency,
       | oscillates at the same or a multiple of the driving frequency.
       | This is because the external conditions are symmetric under a
       | time translation (i.e. a delay) by the period duration. This
       | symmetry is normally preserved by the system.
       | 
       | A time crystal, however, will oscillate with a fraction (or
       | rational multiple) of the driving frequency. This breaks the
       | original time translation symmetry.
       | 
       | The analogy with normal 'spatial' crystals is through this
       | symmetry breaking: Empty space is symmetric under all
       | translations, but a crystal spontaneously breaks the symmetry
       | group down to the smaller set of 'translations by a multiple of
       | the lattice constant'.
       | 
       | The continuous symmetry of time translations cannot be
       | spontaneously broken, due to thermodynamic arguments. Instead, we
       | explicitly break down the time translation symmetry to 'delays by
       | a multiple of the period duration'. A time crystal then
       | spontaneously breaks the symmetry down even further, by
       | multiplying the period duration / dividing the frequency.
        
         | centimeter wrote:
         | How does this compare to the behavior of nonlinear optical
         | crystals like lithium triborate? They are also pumped at a
         | lower frequency (e.g. 1064nm photons) but lase at twice that
         | (532nm).
        
           | yccs27 wrote:
           | In some way, it's the inverse: a nonlinear optical system can
           | multiply frequencies, while a time crystal divides a
           | frequency. That's not as easy as multiplying, due to the
           | symmetry concerns I mentioned.
           | 
           | It's basically a frequency divider, but as a system of cold
           | atoms instead of an electronic circuit, and in a different
           | frequency regime.
        
       | victorevector wrote:
       | haha I cant wait to hear about this from my local rock/crystal
       | dealer ooommmmmmmm shiva Shankarrrr mahatmahariiii ganjaaaaaa
        
       | gubby wrote:
       | Another scummy website that hijacks the back button. I wish there
       | were a way to block domains from the results I see on HN.
        
       | tait wrote:
       | Does anybody else agree the name "Time Crystal" could be better
       | somehow?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | 867-5309 wrote:
         | yes, it sounds too mystic for science
        
         | jhloa2 wrote:
         | I like how much it sounds like futuristic science fiction
         | technology!
        
         | tobmlt wrote:
         | Frank Wilczek was hoping for a writers credit on the next
         | Indiana Jones reboot.
        
         | Topgamer7 wrote:
         | But then how would I think about Crash Bandicoot and Neo Cortex
         | whenever there is news!
        
         | nabla9 wrote:
         | No. It's technically very accurate name.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_crystal
        
         | chadcmulligan wrote:
         | I always think of doctor who when I hear it - not that its a
         | bad thing.
        
         | how2cflags wrote:
         | TimeSplitters Future Perfect - Cortez, get the time crystals!
        
       | tryonenow wrote:
       | In the experiment, the crystals were driven by RF excitation. Do
       | time crystals generally require a constant energy source to
       | oscillate? I would assume not, since they're called crystals...
       | 
       | Also, is the oscillation frequency temperature dependent?
        
         | yccs27 wrote:
         | Unfortunately, time crystals do require an external excitation.
         | The key is that the excitation does not have the same frequency
         | as the time crystal.
        
       | smartestdumbguy wrote:
       | I wonder how this links in to optical crystals? KTP, used in
       | solid state lasers, will halve the frequency of a IR laser
       | (1064nm) to produce green light (532nm).
       | 
       | I suppose this is equivalent to adding electrical energy to a
       | crystal to make it oscillate.
        
       | darkwater wrote:
       | When quantum mechanics are involved, I feel like someone from 400
       | years ago might feel today using a smartphone. And probably as a
       | society we are now like starting to experiment with electricity.
       | I wonder what will be the smartphones in that future.
        
       | auntienomen wrote:
       | These physicists have never properly acknowledged the prior work
       | of Otis Eugene Ray on this subject. How typical!
        
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       (page generated 2021-03-02 23:00 UTC)