[HN Gopher] Show HN: A network of weather stations to help preve...
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       Show HN: A network of weather stations to help prevent pesticide
       spray drift
        
       Author : Damon_Mesonet
       Score  : 69 points
       Date   : 2021-03-02 08:42 UTC (14 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (cotl.com.au)
 (TXT) w3m dump (cotl.com.au)
        
       | Damon_Mesonet wrote:
       | Hi HN!
       | 
       | I'm Damon, project engineer for the Mid North Mesonet and the
       | Riverland and Mallee Mesonet in the state of South Australia.
       | 
       | A mesonet is a term for a network of automated weather stations
       | designed to monitor meteorological phenomena at high geographic
       | density and updated frequently.
       | 
       | We built these networks to help prevent pesticide spray drift -
       | the phenomenon in which pesticide spray that is applied to a crop
       | ends up drifting to other crops, sometimes many kilometres away.
       | 
       | Spray drift can be a huge problem, as it can lead to damage or
       | even destruction of highly valuable crops, and can also cause
       | pollution to waterways and harm to native ecosystems.
       | 
       | My father is a veteran meteorologist, and he has done extensive
       | research into the weather conditions that cause spray drift.
       | 
       | The biggest weather factor is thermal inversions, the phenomenon
       | in which temperature increases with increasing altitude, which
       | usually happens in the evening and overnight, but can happen at
       | other times.
       | 
       | Other meteorological phenomena also affect the likelihood of
       | spray drift.
       | 
       | So we designed a weather station to measure all the relevant
       | meteorological phenomena, and in particular to detect thermal
       | inversions.
       | 
       | To read more info about the project's background, the meteorology
       | and the technical details of the weather stations, see this link:
       | 
       | https://cotl.com.au/launch.html
       | 
       | And the links to the actual mesonet web apps are:
       | 
       | Mid North Mesonet: https://midnorthmesonet.com.au/
       | 
       | Riverland and Mallee Mesonet:
       | https://riverlandmalleemesonet.com.au/
       | 
       | I'll be here to answer questions about the weather stations, and
       | my father Warwick will also be around to answer questions about
       | the meteorological aspects of the project.
        
         | forgotmypw17 wrote:
         | Thank you so much for doing this. It is a really helpful thing
         | you're doing for the world.
         | 
         | What crops would you say are most used in conjunction with the
         | bad types of pesticides in South Australia?
        
         | shakna wrote:
         | I see the pilot was deemed to be successful, though it might be
         | too early to tell, so I assume you've put significant work it
         | what I think is the biggest problem to solve in this space: The
         | human problem.
         | 
         | How do you manage to onboard many farmers, many of whom in
         | Australia tend to be... Resistant... to new technology, into
         | making use of your network to prevent damage to their
         | neighbours downwind from them?
        
           | Damon_Mesonet wrote:
           | Hi Shakna
           | 
           | Both the pilot mesonet in the Mid North and the subsequent
           | network in the Riverland Mallee were actually strongly
           | supported by local growers. Many farmers are embracing the
           | latest AgTech to farm more efficiently.
           | 
           | A majority of pesticide sprays such as 2,4-D and glyphosate
           | have label requirements that state they cannot be sprayed
           | during an inversion. It is illegal to spray during an
           | inversion and farmers must keep records of their spray times.
           | Without the mesonet, spray applicators had no easy way to
           | know if an inversion was present or not. Given inversions
           | typically happen at night time, many growers adopted a method
           | of not spraying from dusk until dawn. Now, with the mesonet
           | data, they find that their 'spray window' is possibly
           | different and may even open up more time for them to spray.
           | Most farmers want to do the right thing, and now they have
           | the real-time data to make informed decisions.
           | 
           | Also, the public nature of the data display means that anyone
           | spraying during an inversion will be noticed by their
           | neighbours. This will hopefully lead to cultural change and
           | practice change as the public data will make it highly
           | awkward for 'cowboy' growers in the community to flout the
           | rules and claim ignorance. We also have all the historical
           | records should the regulators ask for it if a spray drift
           | event occurs.
        
       | jeremy3242 wrote:
       | In your website I see "atmospheric stability" as a measurement.
       | How is this measured as "stable" or "unstable"?
        
         | Damon_Mesonet wrote:
         | Hi Jeremy For our current Mesonets, we simply measure the
         | presence of an inversion (i.e. the temperature differential
         | between 10m and 1.2m). However, we can also measure other forms
         | of atmospheric stability such as the categorises in the
         | Pasquill Gifford stability classes, as well as various wind
         | fluctuations and Richardson number etc.
         | 
         | We are keeping abreast of the most up-to-date science around
         | measures of atmospheric stability and spraying so we are
         | 'future-proofed' for new discoveries that may pop up in Met
         | Journals in the next year or two.
        
       | toshk wrote:
       | Thank you for trying.
       | 
       | It saddens me how easy it still is for companies how easy it is
       | to dump toxics in the air, water and land.
       | 
       | The proof often falls upon the "people" to prove chemicals used
       | by companies are toxic instead of companies profiting from
       | releasing them in to the environment providing extensive research
       | that doing so is actually safe. Often years, if not decades
       | before enough research is done before the harm is proven and
       | legislation is made. It needs to be the other way around.
       | 
       | In the meanwhile the individual suffering caused is immense. Of
       | course Dupont is a famous relatively recent example. Related to
       | this project the link between pesticides and neurological
       | diseases, like Parkinson, is strong but still needs a lot
       | research before actual changes will be made.
        
         | dejv wrote:
         | I don't know how this thing goes outside of EU, but here as a
         | farmer I have to go throgh state multiday exams every few years
         | that makes me personally liable for all harm to other crops,
         | population of bees and people who actually operate tractors.
         | 
         | As a person in charge of spray program I have to make sure that
         | weather condition is ok to spray (temperature, wind), my
         | sprayers comply to standards and are tested in certified
         | laboratory (things jet size, droplet size and uniformity) and I
         | need to log every information and keep all that records for
         | years to be checked by authorities anytime (and they do check
         | them often).
         | 
         | It is easy to see pesticides as a easy target, but I am affraid
         | that it is actually not easy to dump toxic in the air, water
         | and land as almost any gram of pesticide and packaging have to
         | be accounted for and handled with care.
         | 
         | (btw I am working in organic agriculture and do not use any
         | pesticides except of sulfur and bit of a copper and I don't
         | have any interest in conventional agriculture business)
        
           | cmrdporcupine wrote:
           | Yeah, same here in Ontario I can't even spray organic
           | products without a pesticide applicators license which
           | involves a training course.
           | 
           | That's not to say the other local farmers don't do stupid
           | things though. I get glyphosate drift into my vineyard almost
           | every year.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | Glyphosate is a lot safer than many organic products. Of
             | course the later is a "chemical" with a "scary" name, while
             | the later has great marketing and has been used for
             | thousands of years.
        
               | cmrdporcupine wrote:
               | You're not getting it and not telling me anything
               | informative. It kills my grapevines. It's safe for humans
               | and shitty to plants that aren't engineered to tolerate
               | it. It's a dick-neighbour thing to do to spray it
               | indiscriminately and in the wrong weather conditions but
               | it happens _all the time_
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | It is harmful to your grapevines when it reaches them,
               | that is very true and I don't want to down play that.
               | 
               | However it is less harmful than most organic options
               | overall. It is completely harmless to humans or other
               | wildlife. It doesn't build up over time.
        
               | toshk wrote:
               | It's pretty widely accepted in the medical community that
               | pesticides are correlated to Parkinson's. It seems to be
               | connected to exposure over time, not necessarily build up
               | in the body.
               | 
               | You are right that a so-called organic pesticide like
               | rotenone seems to be even worse. They were able to induce
               | parkinson in just a few weeks in rats with it. But also
               | Glyphosate is looked at with a lot of suspicion.
               | 
               | Take this case study, they refer to several cases and
               | epidemiologic research:
               | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30799335/
               | 
               | Considering the medical attention and research it gets, I
               | see no reason to be as sure as you are. Especially your
               | quote "it's completely harmless" seems to have no solid
               | reasoning behind it.
        
           | toshk wrote:
           | Water in Netherlands next to pastures and farmlands often had
           | high levels of toxicity, meaning it was treated as chemical
           | waste. Because of strict regulations got better. Still
           | happens to certain rivers. Had natural parc next to river
           | where I get my meat call back meat because of too high levels
           | of toxicity just last year.
           | 
           | Certain factories here also still allowed to dump chemicals
           | which in other countries are not allowed etc.
           | 
           | Next to that, in certain areas here residential areas and
           | fruit trees mix. So even with limited spraying and limited
           | wind, you are sitting in the garden while tractor is spraying
           | the trees a few meters from you.
        
         | tomhoward wrote:
         | The issue here really isn't about it being "easy ... for
         | companies how easy it is to dump toxics in the air".
         | 
         | Sure, the safety of chemical pesticides is an issue, and
         | something for manufacturers, users and regulators to continue
         | working on.
         | 
         | But the relevant issue here is that the most well-intentioned,
         | responsible farmer, has not, until now, had the information
         | available to determine whether spraying at a given point in
         | time is safe, whereas, thanks to this platform, they now do.
         | 
         | Well aside from any health effects of pesticides on humans, it
         | will always be the case that certain chemicals that are
         | suitable to be applied to one type of crop will be potentially
         | harmful to a different type of crop. That's the issue that this
         | platform seeks to address, and it seems to be working so far.
        
           | toshk wrote:
           | My point being "working on" isn't really good enough when the
           | health consequences for people are severe.
           | 
           | Take dupont, took decades. Now same is happening for
           | pesticides. Many we use now simply will be forbidden in
           | decades. Yet for now they will continue to be used and cause
           | harm.
           | 
           | I happened to have grown up between we fruit trees and close
           | people are paying the price. Residential areas and fruit
           | trees mix here. Meaning the tractor with pesticides en
           | herbicides are passing 5 to 10 meters from you while you are
           | relaxing in the garden. Which hopefully in many countries is
           | not the case.
        
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       | throwaway8326 wrote:
       | hows about stop spraying
        
         | jeremy3242 wrote:
         | Because organic farming is way more resource intensive and
         | produces far less yield. Spray is necessary but just needs to
         | be used appropriately.
         | 
         | Appropriate spraying and shifting away from such meat based
         | diets would be best.
        
       | nelsonmandela wrote:
       | What are the most dangerous pesticides in use in Australia? Are
       | farmers liable for damage now or in the past from improper
       | application of pesticides?
        
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       (page generated 2021-03-02 23:03 UTC)