[HN Gopher] Users are losing out against Big Sur's sealed System
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Users are losing out against Big Sur's sealed System
        
       Author : zdw
       Score  : 173 points
       Date   : 2021-02-28 17:43 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (eclecticlight.co)
 (TXT) w3m dump (eclecticlight.co)
        
       | santamex wrote:
       | Imagine the environmental impact of this design decision. 2-3gb
       | download. Installation time of half an hour. Millions of macs.
       | Crazy.
        
         | buildbot wrote:
         | It's actually basically nothing if you do the math... Let's
         | assume 50 million macs for a half hour at an average wattage of
         | 20W TDP, wolfram alpha tells me worth that's 360 metric tons of
         | co2 , or about 24 USA citizens worth of co2 for a year. 24 <<<
         | 300 million people in the USA, apple isn't having much impact.
         | I'd argue windows would be far worse anyway...
        
           | stevenhuang wrote:
           | That's just one update.
           | 
           | Multiply that for every week throughout the lifetime of a mac
           | and the benefits of delta updates are clear.
        
             | read_if_gay_ wrote:
             | Building a 13" MBP produces ~200kg of CO2[1]. Taking GP's
             | 50 million figure we get 10 billion tons of CO2. Very
             | generously assume each one gets 1000 updates, you end up
             | with 360,000 tons of CO2 total for all of these updates, or
             | about 0.0036% of the cost of building them in the first
             | place.
             | 
             | There are actual benefits to delta updates but the
             | environmental impact isn't one of them.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.apple.com/environment/pdf/products/notebook
             | s/13-...
        
             | Someone wrote:
             | Do Macs see a multi-gigabyte update each week? I haven't
             | noticed that. What do I overlook?
        
         | brobinson wrote:
         | The environmental impact of this decision is nothing compared
         | to this one: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26296339
         | 
         | (and the linked one is trivial to fix!)
        
         | katbyte wrote:
         | Imagine the environmental impact of downloading all
         | dependencies in a large project every CI run? and running it
         | every commit of a pr? sometimes totalling in multi gigabyes.
         | Crazy.
         | 
         | If your going to apply that logic, take a closer look at a lot
         | of build chains out there.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | wnoise wrote:
           | Yes, that's bad too.
        
           | throwsdadsd wrote:
           | This is whataboutism.
           | 
           | There is no way Apple's own development process was so
           | wasteful as the waste they will bring to the millions of
           | their own users.
           | 
           | If anything, the moment a company notices waste it goes
           | towards reducing it.
        
           | InvertedRhodium wrote:
           | This is why we have local cache.
        
       | viktorcode wrote:
       | TL;DR
       | 
       | macOS Big Sur updates got bigger.
        
       | lilyball wrote:
       | Do Big Sur updates really take longer to install? I've been
       | putting off installing a Catalina update on my laptop because my
       | impression is they take ~45 minutes to install, which is what
       | this article claims Big Sur updates take.
        
         | viktorcode wrote:
         | Personally I didn't notice, but I haven't timed them. Any OS
         | update takes rather noticeable amount of time, so I switch to
         | something else while this is happening.
        
       | liminal wrote:
       | My biggest gripe with the Big Sur update is that it's now
       | incredibly slow to swipe between desktops. It used to be
       | responsive and now I need to wait 5-6 seconds before anything
       | happens.
        
       | mcguire wrote:
       | " _Make is fine, but it's not standard. Disturbingly large
       | swathes of critical open source infrastructure are compiled using
       | a hodgepodge of Make, autogenerated rules from autotools..._ "
       | 
       | 1. Autotools use make. GNU make, but make.
       | 
       | 2. There's a historical reason for this goofiness:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_wars
       | 
       | " _Companies should be paying for this directly: if pyca
       | /cryptography actually broke on HPPA or IA-64, then HP or Intel
       | or whoever should be forking over money to get it fixed or using
       | their own horde of engineers to fix it themselves._"
       | 
       | If pyca/cryptography breaks on HPPA or whatever, it's pyca's
       | problem, not HPs or Intels. Unless your project is big enough
       | that you already have HP or Intel working on it.
        
         | comex wrote:
         | You seem to have posted in the wrong thread.
        
       | WesolyKubeczek wrote:
       | macOS can be booted from a .dmg for decades already, why make a
       | "sealed" "read-only" volume if the updater then unseals it,
       | basically copies all files from the update package into it, those
       | files including generated stuff like the shared dyld cache, and
       | then re-seals the volume again, recalculating all the checksums?
       | 
       | All that work the updater does seems really superfluous, since
       | the System volume is declared "immutable". Why replace files on
       | it? Just drop a .dmg, boot from it.
        
         | kitsunesoba wrote:
         | I don't know enough about macOS system internals to confidently
         | speak about them, but my guess is that there's some kind of
         | legacy cruft/holdover that's preventing a direct disk image
         | replacement for updates. Wouldn't be surprised if this were
         | fixed in the next major release or two, likely paired with
         | dropping support for something.
        
       | tekstar wrote:
       | My ~2013 macbook pro has this issue where, if
       | AppleThunderboltNHI.kext is loaded, it will crash and restart
       | every couple minutes on batteries. I'm not the only one with this
       | issue. If you google that kext you'll see it's an issue with a
       | lot of us and it's a shame that it's such a dumb problem because
       | otherwise this 9 year old laptop is absolutely great to work
       | with. SSD, 2.3 GHz Quad-Core Intel Core i7, 16 GB RAM. Magsafe
       | and good keyboard.
       | 
       | So anyways, this locked-down system volume is a real problem
       | because typically after a system update I reboot into recovery
       | mode, disable CSR, remove the kext, re-enable CSR and then I'm
       | good until the next OS update where the kext is re-added and my
       | computer starts to crash again.
       | 
       | It seems like a bigger issue now to remove that kext, to deal
       | with Apple's own software problem, to keep using my old laptop.
       | What a pain.
        
         | katbyte wrote:
         | I believe it is possible to unseal the volume and disable these
         | protections, a quick google seems to indicate this. Apple
         | usually does seem to provide (a maybe annoying) way to bypass
         | these sort security measures.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | He described how he does exactly this - and has to reapply it
           | after every update.
        
             | tekstar wrote:
             | I'm still on Catalina. I've read reports that on Big Sur
             | you cannot remove the kext and re-enable CSR. Seems the
             | only solution might be to leave csr disabled, which would
             | be unfortunate.
        
           | peterlvilim wrote:
           | I don't believe you can turn on file vault if you do this
           | (full disk encryption)
        
       | worik wrote:
       | I learnt to programme using Pascal on Mac Plus in 1988. I had my
       | first job as a programmer in 1989 on Macs.... Until very recently
       | I had a soft spot for Macs, I had not really used them since 1992
       | 
       | Recently getting a job developing for iOS in Swift I am amazed at
       | how the developer experience has degraded. There is so much
       | friction
       | 
       | In 1988 the documentation was very useful (Inside Macintosh - I
       | think that was the name of the book). In 2020 Apple has decided
       | that documentation is not really worth the effort. There is a
       | cursory description of most APIs, not all, and no examples.
       | 
       | I had to get a license to develop software for the computer (paid
       | for) sitting on my desk. I paid, but did not get the license. I
       | swallowed that insult because if I make a fuss Apple could wipe
       | out my employer at the stroke of a pen.
       | 
       | Accessing the file system is a constant hassle. Why so hard?
       | 
       | I cannot install emacs on my mac. (I probably could, but how hard
       | am I going to struggle?)
       | 
       | Software that is free (as in GNU) is charged for in the App
       | store. For example I cannot get my hands on a simple interface to
       | diff anything like ediff.
       | 
       | The Xcode compiler/debugger has some serious bugs, and as far as
       | I can tell Apple's policy is not to fix bugs in developer
       | tools...
       | 
       | I am amazed that they care so little for those who are not quite
       | the most important. If I could find a quality tablet that runs
       | free software (are you listening Pine?) I would lobby _hard_ to
       | get off iOS.
        
         | chrisseaton wrote:
         | > Accessing the file system is a constant hassle. Why so hard?
         | 
         | Apple prioritise the user at the expense of the developer. I
         | think this is the right balance.
         | 
         | > I cannot install emacs on my Mac.
         | 
         | What's stopping you?
         | 
         | > Software that is free (as in GNU) is charged for in the App
         | store.
         | 
         | I don't think this is in conflict with the spirit of the GNU
         | project? Paying for software distribution is fine in the eyes
         | of the GNU project and their licence. What's your problem with
         | it?
         | 
         | > I am amazed that they care so little for those who are not
         | quite the most important.
         | 
         | Apple think normal users are the most important, not
         | developers. I think they're probably right.
        
           | skynet-9000 wrote:
           | > Apple prioritise the user at the expense of the developer.
           | I think this is the right balance.
           | 
           | Not for the developer.
        
           | smoldesu wrote:
           | Last month I heard people saying that Apple thinks normal
           | users are more important than graphic designers, and the
           | month before that I heard people claiming that we shouldn't
           | worry about Parallels support because "normal users" don't
           | need it. At this point, I'm not even convinced there is a
           | normal user.
        
             | andrekandre wrote:
             | > At this point, I'm not even convinced there is a normal
             | user.
             | 
             | i think the right word is maybe "consumers" instead of
             | "users"... the thing is, ipad and ios are fine for those
             | use cases (super locked down, "safe", limited capabilities,
             | better revenue funnel etc), dumbing down macos to get those
             | users just hurts the macs value proposition imo
        
             | chrisseaton wrote:
             | If you prioritised developers over everyone else... who do
             | you think the developers would be developing for?
        
             | lapcatsoftware wrote:
             | It's ironic that Apple is also preaching "Everyone Can
             | Code". In other words, everyone is or can be a power user.
             | 
             | Computers are becoming more and more essential to our
             | lives, so deliberately dumbing them down is a disservice to
             | everyone, who should be learning _more_ not less about how
             | computers work.
             | 
             | My dad was in sales. My first exposure to computers was
             | when he bought an Apple II way back in the day. He used
             | VisiCalc, naturally, the "killer app" for the Apple II. Was
             | he a "power user" or a "normal person"? I'd say both!
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | Why does a coder have to be a 'power user'? Why can't the
               | applications needed for coding be like any other normal
               | application? You don't need to use esoteric stuff like
               | emacs to be a coder.
        
               | lapcatsoftware wrote:
               | > Why can't the applications needed for coding be like
               | any other normal application? You don't need to use
               | esoteric stuff like emacs to be a coder.
               | 
               | What's a "normal application"? How would you classify
               | Xcode?
               | 
               | The complexity comes from the nature of the work. Nobody
               | _wants_ complexity for its own sake, but sometimes you
               | _need_ it, otherwise you can 't accomplish anything.
               | That's what the "power" part of the power user means. The
               | power to accomplish your goals. I would contrast "power
               | user" with "powerless user". ;-)
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | Xcode is a normal application. I think you can get it
               | from the App Store? It comes with all the permissions it
               | needs, simulators, ability to connect to your devices
               | etc. You don't need emacs or something like that.
               | 
               | People get this funny idea that coding is a fundamentally
               | low-level activity in conflict with user protection. It
               | isn't - it can be high-level. A compiler is a pure
               | function!
        
               | lapcatsoftware wrote:
               | > I think you can get it from the App Store? It comes
               | with all the permissions it needs, simulators, ability to
               | connect to your devices etc. You don't need emacs or
               | something like that.
               | 
               | Haha, that's only because Apple controls the App Store
               | and the OS. The first time you launch Xcode, it wants
               | your admin privileges so it can install a bunch of stuff
               | outside the sandbox. I shouldn't even say sandbox,
               | because I think Xcode is not actually sandboxed?
        
               | smoldesu wrote:
               | Why does a coder have to use Apple's tools? Why can't the
               | applications needed for coding be like any other normal
               | application? You don't need to use proprietary software
               | like xCode to be a coder.
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | > Why does a coder have to use Apple's tools?
               | 
               | A coder doesn't have to do anything. They don't have to
               | use a Mac, they don't have to use Apple's tools.
               | 
               | Apple provides an ecosystem. Coding tools can fit into
               | that ecosystem, or they can whine about it, or they can
               | leave it.
               | 
               | > Why can't the applications needed for coding be like
               | any other normal application?
               | 
               | They are - install them like a word processor or a
               | graphics editor or whatever.
               | 
               | > You don't need to use proprietary software like xCode
               | to be a coder.
               | 
               | Who said you did? You also don't need to use emacs. And
               | it's Xcode, not 'xCode'.
               | 
               | The point is - Apple make it easy to code - the provide
               | XCode. Saying 'but why not emacs' is entirely missing the
               | point on what they're trying to do.
        
               | smoldesu wrote:
               | Seems we're in agreement then. My point wasn't that you
               | shouldn't develop on MacOS, but that it won't fit my
               | needs or workflow. If Apple is disinterested in
               | supporting that, then I'm not interested in supporting
               | them.
               | 
               | Why would I pay a premium to use an operating system that
               | can't run software my free OS can?
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | > Why would I pay a premium to use an operating system
               | that can't run software my free OS can?
               | 
               | Because you don't need all that software if your goal is
               | to 'code'. If your goal is to run some specific ancient
               | text editor then yeah you may struggle. If you want to
               | code and get something done it's the right platform.
               | 
               | And because the 'normal' things are 10x better - power
               | management, touchpad, display driving, etc.
               | 
               | Do you want to spend your time creating, or time trying
               | to make basic display scaling work on Linux? And why are
               | they better? Because Apple integrates.
        
               | smoldesu wrote:
               | I'd like to propose an amendment to their catchphrase,
               | maybe you all can offer some feedback?
               | 
               | "Everyone Can Code*
               | 
               | *Unless you have a 128gb SSD."
        
         | salawat wrote:
         | The non-existence of Free Software in iOS or Android (though
         | F-droid has made it more accessible, but still at the cost of
         | being to actually use your device to it's max without going out
         | of your way to Root) is all because of the friction of
         | development to facilitate a monetizability first model.
         | 
         | Monetizability scales inversely with usability. The more usable
         | something is by the end user, the less control a manufacturer
         | has over what eventually gets done with it.
         | 
         | Manufacturers have come to realize this, and are pushing hard
         | to sell people on them knowing what is best for people so they
         | can perpetuate user hostile design paradigms. It's sickening,
         | and practically ensures the creation of a larger rift between
         | those who eventilually learn to use computers to their max
         | potential and those who don't. The mechanisms required to
         | constrain the overall programming space to enable gatekeeping
         | mechanisms necessarily set the barrier to entry higher than it
         | would otherwise need to be set.
        
         | artificial wrote:
         | A lot has changed over the decades, security models and stances
         | have traded a lot of flexibility. To smooth some of the rough
         | edges of purely compiling from source take a look at homebrew
         | (https://brew.sh/). Spacemacs (https://www.spacemacs.org/). I
         | don't develop desktop software any more and didn't rush get
         | into it on Mac, I've played around with swiftui a bit for iOS
         | and server side (https://vapor.codes/). Perhaps the server side
         | will scratch the itch?
        
           | smoldesu wrote:
           | These are stopgap solutions made to imitate aspects of other
           | operating systems, and ultimately "break" the security model
           | of the Mac. Apple knows the end-user is the weakest link in
           | any security model, so by reducing the end-user's
           | capabilities, you limit the risk they pose to the system. I'd
           | rather just use an operating system that doesn't second-guess
           | my choices in the first place.
        
         | Someone wrote:
         | _"Software that is free (as in GNU) is charged for in the App
         | store"_
         | 
         | It can be argued that the App Store is incompatible with the
         | GPL for other reasons (in spirit, if not in letter), but
         | selling GPL software is allowed.
         | https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-
         | faq.html#DoesTheGPLAllowMon...:
         | 
         |  _"Does the GPL allow me to sell copies of the program for
         | money? (#DoesTheGPLAllowMoney)
         | 
         | Yes, the GPL allows everyone to do this. The right to sell
         | copies is part of the definition of free software. Except in
         | one special situation, there is no limit on what price you can
         | charge. (The one exception is the required written offer to
         | provide source code that must accompany binary-only release.)"_
        
       | cptskippy wrote:
       | This explains a lot.
       | 
       | I have a 2015 Macbook Pro that I use irregularly. I haven't
       | needed it for about 6 months and I dusted it off the other day to
       | do something.
       | 
       | It said it had updates to install. 6 hours and 5 reboots later it
       | was up to date.
       | 
       | Does Apple not do cumulative updates?
        
         | jandrese wrote:
         | My wife had exactly the same experience last night with her
         | 2015 MacBook Pro. She was getting regular kernel panics so I
         | went to the updater to see if it was just a software problem.
         | It says Safari is out of date so I clicked "update", and
         | literally 5 hours later (I clicked the button around 20:00, it
         | didn't finish until sometime after 01:00) it finally finished.
         | I'd thought I had it set up to auto-update, but apparently it
         | got stuck on something.
        
       | uncledave wrote:
       | I hadn't even noticed this to be honest. And I'm not particularly
       | bothered. It just works for me. I'm sure at some point it'll poke
       | me in the eye but so far this has been the least painful OS for
       | me to use for years.
        
         | Synaesthesia wrote:
         | Yes it's running smoother than ever on all my machines.
        
       | SavantIdiot wrote:
       | It's time for this month's installation of "HN Hates Macs!"...
       | now with 150% more anecdotal complaining!!!
        
         | smoldesu wrote:
         | Honestly, it's better than "HN Worships The M1".
        
       | davidf18 wrote:
       | People are complaining about really a non-issue. You can work
       | off-line or on your tablet for the brief download time of a few
       | minutes and the update.
       | 
       | People that use Macs a lot besides Office should do yearly fresh
       | installs because computers are computers and it helps to keep the
       | problems down.
        
       | lovelyviking wrote:
       | >The Big Sur 11.2.2 update is a good example of what's almost a
       | null change, yet requires ... 3.1 GB for an M1 model.
       | 
       | What _Is_ the change?!
       | 
       | Official site doesn't have entry for 11.2.2 or am I missing
       | something ?
       | 
       | GUI says this: macOS Big Sur 11.2.2 prevents MacBook Pro (2019 or
       | later) and MacBook Air (2020 or later) models from incurring
       | damage when they are connected to certain third-party, non-
       | compliant powered USB-C hubs and docks.
       | 
       | Then for more details it sends here:
       | https://support.apple.com/en-gb/HT211896
       | 
       | What about massive writings to SSD? has it been addressed? Or
       | it's not a problem?
       | 
       | PS: GUI says for my M1 it's 2.17GB and article says 3.1 GB who is
       | correct?
        
         | csande17 wrote:
         | Bug fixes and performance improvements, probably.
         | 
         | (The actual answer is that the release notes are only available
         | in the US version of the support page:
         | https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT211896 )
        
         | lapcatsoftware wrote:
         | For some reason the en-gb page is missing 11.2.2, but it's on
         | the en-us page:
         | 
         | https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT211896#macos1122
        
         | smoldesu wrote:
         | I get the feeling Apple isn't going to fix the swap issue
         | anytime soon. I don't think they're being insidious about it,
         | though: the BSD memory model is (arguably overly) complicated,
         | and refactoring any portion of it's memory management is
         | guaranteed to be a pain in the ass. The TL:DR is that MacOS
         | doesn't virtualize memory, and when that memory is unified it
         | will frequently spill over into the swap storage. I have no
         | idea how Apple can pull themselves out of this one, and I have
         | a sneaking suspicion that the swap usage will only increase as
         | time goes on.
        
       | eddieh wrote:
       | The sealed/locked-down system gives me pause, but not in the
       | least for the size of the updates or whatever the update does
       | that takes forever.
       | 
       | The things that give me pause are more in line with IPC,
       | DYLD_FRAMEWORK_PATH, the App Sandbox, and Hardened Runtime. Plus
       | any private entitlements or APIs that Apple can use, but an indy
       | developer can not.
       | 
       | I'm having to jump through hoops avoiding App Store review
       | pitfalls for something I'm developer and I might not be able to
       | get the app on the App Store in the end. Not looking forward to
       | rolling my own store or distributing the app myself.
        
       | cma wrote:
       | Dealing in giant gigs of "adaptive" wallpapers in the sealed
       | volume, seemingly just to make you have to upgrade SSDs, was it
       | for me. Some of the included wallpapers are nearly 1GB in size
       | individually, and to remove them you have to do all kinds of
       | stuff only for it to be added back again on update.
        
         | GekkePrutser wrote:
         | Yeah I noticed that too. I'm always struggling with Space (my
         | work only gave me a 128G MacBook :S ), and using DiskInventoryX
         | I found that these wallpapers occupied a non-trivial amount of
         | space.
         | 
         | This is especially weird considering Apple has been pushing
         | HEIF so much which is mainly intended to reduce space occupied
         | by images, really they shouldn't be this large.
        
           | smoldesu wrote:
           | It's especially concerning for developers, since this
           | mentality is sadly spreading through the rest of the
           | ecosystem. If your Mac has a 128 gig drive and you install
           | xCode, you'll be left with a little over 20 gigs of free
           | space.
        
             | lostmsu wrote:
             | To give some contrast Windows 10 + Visual Studio (not VS
             | Code, but C# workload only) leaves about 15GB from 60GB
             | primary SSD.
        
           | codetrotter wrote:
           | My previous Mac was a 2018 model MacBook Air with 128GB SSD,
           | and I soon discovered that 128GB was way too little.
           | 
           | Even the 256GB I have in my 2020 model MacBook Pro M1 is a
           | little bit on the short side tbh.
           | 
           | I have a 1TB external m2 SSD with an USB-C enclosure, but I
           | only use it when I really really need to because it's still a
           | bit of a drag to have it sitting on the side and taking up
           | one of the two ports.
           | 
           | If I could afford it I would probably go with 1TB internal
           | storage. But even if I could afford it, I would then really
           | really like to see such a MBP have 4 USB-C ports and not just
           | 2.
        
             | smoldesu wrote:
             | Apple could pretty easily fix this by offering an M.2 slot
             | in the Macbook. It's a shame they don't too: once the SSD
             | dies in these Macs, they're dead forever. Not very
             | "environmentally friendly" to me.
        
         | kevindong wrote:
         | I just checked and the entirety of the wallpapers folder is
         | 1.14 GB which admittedly is a lot bigger than I originally
         | thought.
         | 
         | /System/Library/Desktop Pictures
        
       | 0x0 wrote:
       | Even iOS can do delta updates, sometimes in the size of only a
       | dozen megabytes to download, and I had the impression they've
       | been using sealed system volumes for much longer. Hopefully Apple
       | can get macOS up to par soon...?
        
       | smoldesu wrote:
       | This article echoes a lot of the reasons why I ultimately ditched
       | MacOS. Apple no longer respects when the user wants to update,
       | it's all just a different flavor of Windows at this point.
       | Thankfully, leaving MacOS has put most of those issues in the
       | rearview. Hopefully someday Apple recognizes that a bloated OS
       | doesn't make anyone happy, I'm kinda surprised that more people
       | don't talk about the 50 gig download that xCode requires. Kinda
       | insane for a glorified text editor.
        
         | sdfjkl wrote:
         | Agreed. And on Windows at least there are now mitigation
         | measures created by the community, such as WUMT.
        
         | 1vuio0pswjnm7 wrote:
         | When you describe it this way, and I think it is an accurate
         | perspective, it feels like the situation calls for a "new" OS
         | to fill the space the others have abandoned. An OS for people
         | who actually understand something about computers but are not
         | just trying to exploit that knowledge for money.
         | 
         | IMO, the market these OS are targeting generally has no idea
         | what "bloat" even means in the context of computers. The
         | exceptions include people who do understand the concept but are
         | happy to trade bloat for profit.
        
           | smoldesu wrote:
           | Nobody wins when the public isn't educated, that much I can
           | agree with. Our goal needs to be shifting to a more equitable
           | digital world, where people aren't "the product" so to speak.
           | That begins by putting the user in control of their own
           | computer, even if it isn't something they're fully capable of
           | understanding or managing themselves. It's always safer for
           | someone to blindly use open source software instead of
           | proprietary software. If the end user truly "doesn't care",
           | then they ultimately won't notice the difference. Eliminating
           | the silly social pressures around computing will hopefully
           | pave the way for a more empowered, creative and effective
           | user.
        
         | alfiedotwtf wrote:
         | Same feeling here. I reinstalled yesterday and sold my MacBook
         | Pro last night. Feels so refreshing to be going back to Linux
         | after all this time.
         | 
         | "Freedom as in liberty"
        
         | kitsunesoba wrote:
         | Worth noting that Xcode doesn't just include the IDE, but also
         | an entire LLVM/clang toolchain as well as SDKs and simulator OS
         | disk images for macOS, iOS, watchOS, and tvOS.
         | 
         | It probably wouldn't hurt to split that up a bit -- perhaps
         | Xcode could install only the toolchain and macOS SDKs by
         | default with the rest being downloadable on demand, but there's
         | definitely a lot more going on there than just IDE/text editor.
         | It's an all-in-one appleOS development kit.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | It is possible to install just the tool chain - brew asks you
           | to do so if you don't have Xcode installed.
        
           | anaerobicover wrote:
           | I'd even (somewhat tongue in cheek) say that the text editor
           | is the worst and least important part of Xcode. :)
           | 
           | (In fairness it's been improving in recent years but it's
           | still not flexible/customizable to my TextMate taste.)
        
             | lapcatsoftware wrote:
             | > In fairness it's been improving in recent years
             | 
             | Has it? In my experience, the Swift rewrite of Xcode source
             | editing has made it vastly more buggy. I forget exactly
             | when this happened, Xcode 8? 9?
        
               | kitsunesoba wrote:
               | It's definitely been improving since that initial
               | rewrite. There's still a few rough spots, but they can be
               | avoided almost entirely by writing idiomatic Swift -- the
               | stuff that trips SourceKit up tends to be things like
               | nesting closures deeply and ridiculously long optional
               | chains.
               | 
               | SwiftUI has done well to expose SourceKit/Xcode's weak
               | spots. Nearly all of the performance improvements brought
               | to both in the last major release were a result of
               | SwiftUI applying pressure in the previous release.
        
               | josephg wrote:
               | I was playing with swift a few months ago on my 2016
               | MacBook Pro and Sourcekit sat on 100% cpu for hundreds of
               | milliseconds whenever I typed a keystroke for some
               | reason. There's also a bug / horrible design choice in
               | the macos kernel from the last couple of years where if
               | the cpu is pegged, the computer drops keystrokes. These
               | two bugs combined to make my computer lose keystrokes
               | while typing function names - they came out garbled
               | unless I purposefully typed really slowly. I was
               | gobsmacked. It was the worst code editing experience I've
               | ever had. Maybe I'm "using the wrong swift features" but
               | it really just feels like its amateur hour at Apple. Did
               | all the senior engineers leave in the last few years?
               | Xcode as a whole has sort of felt like beta software
               | since Xcode 3. Every version they fix one bug, add a
               | headline feature and add 3 new bugs to work around. And
               | everything gets 20% slower. It seems like they keep
               | rushing releases out the door for wwdc then they never
               | fix it properly afterwards.
               | 
               | Swift is a lovely language but the experience is
               | thoroughly and totally ruined by Xcode. Xcode manages to
               | make eclipse feel lightweight and snappy.
        
               | andrekandre wrote:
               | > if the cpu is pegged, the computer drops keystrokes
               | 
               | not only that, but ive seen bluetooth stack blow up and
               | loose all connections to my keyboard/mouse under those
               | circumstances as well
               | 
               | > Xcode manages to make eclipse feel lightweight and
               | snappy.
               | 
               | its been slow since xcode 4... never really recovered
               | from glomming interface builder into the ide
        
           | lapcatsoftware wrote:
           | > SDKs and simulator OS disk images for macOS, iOS, watchOS,
           | and tvOS
           | 
           | Yes, the vast majority of Xcode's size comes from inside the
           | folder Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms
        
             | MarkyC4 wrote:
             | Android Studio is better in this regard, there's an SDK
             | manager so I don't need to have watchOS/tvOS installed when
             | my apps don't target it
        
           | intricatedetail wrote:
           | Did they pay for development of that toolchain or just
           | "embraced" the open source?
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | laingc wrote:
             | They most certainly paid for it, as well as financing many
             | of the key contributors to related open source projects.
        
               | intricatedetail wrote:
               | So not all contributors got paid? Sounds obscene given
               | how much money they have.
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | Sounds like you're not a fan of open source software.
        
             | eddieh wrote:
             | Apple has been involved in the toolchain since nearly the
             | beginning. They hired one of the original authors and
             | sponsor its development:
             | https://foundation.llvm.org/docs/sponsors/
             | 
             | Not only have the paid for it, but it wouldn't likely be
             | anything more than an academic project without Apple.
        
         | GekkePrutser wrote:
         | In a way it's worse than Windows now. Microsoft doesn't lock
         | parts of the filesystem or prevents you from editing files. As
         | an example, I like to change /etc/ssh/sshd_config to permit
         | only pubkey authentication. But even since Catalina it deletes
         | any changes to this file with any system update.
        
         | cproctor wrote:
         | I've been a mac user since 2002. I've been getting tired of
         | fighting for access to my own system with each successive OS
         | update. I upgraded to Bug Sur last week, and will be switching
         | permanently to Unix or Linux within a week.
        
         | Razengan wrote:
         | I'm happy with macOS and the UI/UX on Windows and Linux still
         | feels crap in comparison, not to mention the mandatory spyware
         | on Microsoft's side of the fence.
        
           | fortran77 wrote:
           | > _not to mention the mandatory spyware on Microsoft 's side
           | of the fence._
           | 
           | I'm curious. What does Microsoft do that Apple doesn't? I'm a
           | happy Windows 10 user. What should I be worried about?
        
           | smoldesu wrote:
           | I think the Windows UX is pretty dogshit overall, but part of
           | the appeal of Linux is how varied each user experience can
           | be. You're expected to tailor a workflow that works for you,
           | rather than adjusting an existing one to fit your needs. For
           | some people, OSX just "clicks", but that's the case for every
           | operating system.
        
           | root_axis wrote:
           | I take the opposite view. macOS UX sucks. A few examples off
           | the top of my head: I regularly find myself frustrated that
           | there is no volume mixer for applications, spotlight search
           | is atrocious and often returns different results for the
           | exact same query, finder is also clunky as hell and won't
           | allow me to do simple things like directly input a directory
           | path string, the search feature also behaves completely
           | counterintuitively by performing a global search rather than
           | limiting the scope of the search to the directory you're in,
           | trying to get macOS to permanently show hidden files is a
           | chore and resets after every update, the touch bar is horrid
           | and regularly causes me to accidentally take actions I did
           | not intend, updates are often very unstable and fraught with
           | world breaking bugs and issues that prevent me from doing my
           | work, xcode is generally a nightmare and a mandatory one...
           | the list goes on and on. Linux and Windows might not look as
           | _pretty_ but they are far more functional with respect to
           | accomplishing my work.
        
             | kitsunesoba wrote:
             | Finder can go directly to paths with Go > Go to Folder...
             | (Command+Shift+G) and search scope can be changed to
             | current directory in Finder preferences. Hidden file
             | visibility can be toggled with Command+Shift+. in both
             | Finder windows and open/save dialogs.
        
             | threeseed wrote:
             | Within Finder Preferences there is a dropdown that asks you
             | when performing a search whether to use global or current
             | directory.
             | 
             | And for volume mixer this exists:
             | https://github.com/kyleneideck/BackgroundMusic
             | 
             | I have to say it really doesn't seem like you spent much
             | effort trying to actually fix your issues.
        
         | sumanthvepa wrote:
         | Well 50gb for a complete SDK and compiler suite and IDE isn't
         | that large. Visual Studio, the comparable IDE for windows
         | starts at around 20GB but can easily exceed 100GB if you
         | include all the features of the product. For Linux, a complete
         | development tool chain for C++, Java, and Python with all the
         | associated libraries will easily exceed 20GB. So Xcode is in
         | the ball park. The difference between Xcode and Linux
         | toolchains is that the latter are broken up into smaller pieces
         | that can be independently updated and Linux has package
         | managers that handle those updates gracefully.
        
           | smoldesu wrote:
           | You're partially correct. It's been a while since I've used
           | Visual Studio, but I've heard that a "full" installation will
           | occupy close to 30 gigs, and the default install uses less
           | than 2. Still pretty large, but the 100gb mark might be a bit
           | of a stretch. It's definitely a stretch on the Linux side of
           | things though, my dev toolchains and associated libraries
           | barely occupy 2 gigs, much less 20. Maybe I'm not quite
           | "enterprise ready" though ;)
        
         | mplanchard wrote:
         | I have also switched back to Linux after about 8 years in Mac
         | world, and have been really pleasantly surprised. Things still
         | aren't perfect, but they're a far cry from where they were in
         | 2010. My wife and I recently got a new Lenovo ThinkPad and Dell
         | XPS, respectively, both with Linux preinstalled. The
         | fingerprint readers work! The webcams work! Audio works! Wifi
         | works! All with close to zero hassle (had to enable a PAM
         | option to use the fingerprint reader with sudo, but otherwise
         | no problems).
         | 
         | I miss MacOS keyboard shortcuts a bit, but most of the software
         | I use for work and personal projects (emacs, terminal/tmux,
         | docker) runs an order of magnitude faster. I love having a real
         | package manager again, and I get first class support for most
         | of the developer-centric tooling I really care about (e.g.
         | Nix).
         | 
         | I like many was a little tempted by the M1 Macs, but seeing two
         | coworkers have to switch away from them because critical dev
         | tooling isn't functional, reading about the SSD write issues
         | recently, and now this about the insane size of update files
         | helps temper the temptation.
        
           | jagger27 wrote:
           | Keyboard shortcuts are a big sticking point for me switching
           | away from macOS. I expected I could wrestle Linux into
           | something that resembles macOS shortcuts but it's tricky and
           | inconsistent. The clearest example of where macOS excels with
           | shortcuts is in a terminal window: Command+C for copy,
           | Control+C to kill a process. Control+Shift+C just doesn't cut
           | it for me on Linux.
           | 
           | I agree with you on software. Real package managers are
           | great.
           | 
           | I hate to say it, because it's so against what Linux has been
           | for 25 years, but it would be great if there was a $99 distro
           | with a heavily tweaked window manager that looks consistent
           | across most apps, doesn't have huge top bars, and conforms to
           | macOS keyboard shortcuts. A lightning fast Spotlight analog
           | would be great too. I recognize I can probably get pretty
           | close to this vision with a patchwork of already available
           | software but I want someone to tie a bow on it and maintain
           | it for me.
        
             | folmar wrote:
             | You have a modifier key "Super", probably with Windows
             | logo, which you can remap for the shortcuts you've had with
             | command.
        
             | smoldesu wrote:
             | I'm not going to use this as a platform to evangelize
             | Linux, but I think you should give KDE a look. It looks
             | really pretty out-of-the-box, and offers you a lot of
             | control over the look and feel of your desktop. On top of
             | that, it has a nearly endless list of keyboard shortcuts
             | that can be rebound in the settings app painlessly. It's a
             | far-cry from a lot of the other DEs I've used in the past,
             | and the "batteries-included" mentality makes it a great
             | analog for Mac and Windows users alike.
        
               | kitsunesoba wrote:
               | KDE has a lot going for it but its customizability is so
               | deep as to be daunting. Each time I've tried using it
               | I've ended up burning hours trying to get every detail
               | just right.
               | 
               | I think it'd benefit quite a lot from including several
               | sane sets of defaults to use as starting points.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | elcritch wrote:
             | I feel the pain. Unfortunately I gave up trying to get
             | Firefox to understand/use super or hyper as command keys.
             | Mostly however I get by fine with caps lock set as control
             | with the exception of VSCode with the Vim plug-in
             | overriding ctrl-c/ctrl-v and breaking copy/paste. Of course
             | VSCode doesn't support super/hyper instead of control key
             | on Linux.
        
               | kps wrote:
               | Firefox _used to_ handle it (ui.key.accelKey = 91) but
               | it's been buggy since Quantum.
        
             | iso1210 wrote:
             | Why would I press a key to copy/paste?
             | 
             | Highlight text, then middle click
        
               | racingmars wrote:
               | Because often I need to highlight text in the terminal,
               | copy it, then highlight text somewhere else (e.g. in a
               | text input field in a browser, the address bar in the
               | browser, etc.) and paste over it. Selecting the specific
               | destination text I want to overwrite blows away my
               | previous selection.
               | 
               | In many cases I do just highlight and right-click where I
               | want the text pasted. But that workflow doesn't work a
               | large portion of the time and I need a clipboard that
               | isn't being wiped out almost any time I click on
               | something.
        
               | jagger27 wrote:
               | Muscle memory, no middle click on most trackpads. It just
               | feels weird coming from a browser after using Control+C
               | to copy something and then having to use Control+Shift+V
               | to paste. I never got used to the right click to paste
               | paradigm. I expect a context menu.
        
               | fsflover wrote:
               | > no middle click on most trackpads
               | 
               | If your trackpad has multitouch, triple touch should
               | correspond to the middle click. Works for me on Linux by
               | default.
        
               | iso1210 wrote:
               | I've never used a non-mac laptop without a middle button.
               | 
               | Muscle memory and 'the way things work' works both ways.
               | You have to jump through hoops to do basic things like
               | focus-follows-mouse/raise on click, multiple desktops,
               | alt-drag to move a window etc (to be honest I'm not sure
               | if you can even do those on a mac)
        
               | jagger27 wrote:
               | ThinkPads are what I reach for on the PC side of things,
               | and those still have a dedicated middle button for the
               | most part. Otherwise I can't think of a single modern
               | example of a laptop with a middle button. They're all
               | click pads these days like Macs.
        
               | folmar wrote:
               | The standard unix 3rd button emulation is left+right
               | click at the same time. Should work pretty much
               | everywhere without configuration.
        
             | smallstepforman wrote:
             | You just described Haiku
        
               | artificial wrote:
               | Oh, what could've been. I really like what BeOS does, I'm
               | sure there are analogs to this feature but it's nice that
               | it's built in. https://www.haiku-
               | os.org/documents/dev/node_monitoring
        
             | mplanchard wrote:
             | Mostly I get by well enough by switching alt to ctrl, meta
             | to alt, and ctrl to meta, plus caps lock mapped to ctrl.
             | This gives me mostly an approximation of the Mac keyboard.
             | Still have to remember the shift when copying and pasting
             | in the terminal, but that's not a huge deal because most of
             | my terminal use is via emacs, where I have vim mode via
             | evil, so copy and paste is done in normal mode with y and
             | p. For me,a little bit of frustration with the keyboard is
             | not so bad compared to the upsides.
        
               | jagger27 wrote:
               | I do Caps Lock to Control too, which frees up the bottom
               | left key as a Function key on external keyboards.
        
           | GekkePrutser wrote:
           | Indeed, I switched to Mac in 2004 because Linux was a
           | horrible UX mess at that point. Mac was a great POSIX system
           | with a consistent UI and major first-party apps.
           | 
           | Now Apple is becoming more and more unworkable to use as a
           | unix system, and Linux is really much better now. Only gap is
           | still first-party software unfortunately but luckily I don't
           | really ever need stuff like photoshop and office personally.
        
             | shrimp_emoji wrote:
             | > luckily I don't really ever need stuff like ... office
             | 
             | If you do, check out CrossOver:
             | https://www.codeweavers.com/crossover
             | 
             | It's a straight up Microsoft Office suite clone for Mac and
             | Linux, which can open, save, AND create MSOffice formats
             | (.docx, etc.).
        
               | lights0123 wrote:
               | Huh? CrossOver is just a Wine fork with a GUI. It's not
               | an Office suite. You can install the real MS Office on
               | it, but it has no actual office applications built-in.
        
           | kitsunesoba wrote:
           | As someone who's mainly been a macOS user in the past couple
           | decades but regularly uses Windows and Linux, I find that the
           | number of papercuts, sharp edges, and lack of consistency in
           | the desktop Linux experience is still too high for my taste.
           | It's certainly much better than it used to be but still has a
           | way to go. But then again, I have little need to tweak system
           | internals.
        
             | fsflover wrote:
             | I downvoted you for the lack of details. What you are
             | saying can be said about _any_ system, just change the
             | name. Even about Mac.
        
               | imwillofficial wrote:
               | "Grass is green, the sky is blue"
               | 
               | "I downvoted you for lack of details"
               | 
               | FFS.
        
               | lapcatsoftware wrote:
               | > I downvoted you for the lack of details.
               | 
               | Have you heard of... asking?
        
               | fsflover wrote:
               | This is HN. If you are writing something, try to say
               | something meaningful or don't post at all.
        
               | kitsunesoba wrote:
               | Fair enough, but if I elaborated much it'd quickly turn
               | into a blogpost.
               | 
               | In attempt to sum things up, I'd say that many of the
               | woes of the modern Linux desktop stem from being stuck
               | between different worlds -- one example would be with the
               | X11 vs. Wayland situation. Wayland has slowly been
               | improving over time, but there are still concessions that
               | are being made by using either. I understand that
               | transitions are difficult and that particular case is
               | being made more difficult by parties like Nvidia, but the
               | end result is a degraded end-user experience that won't
               | be fixed until the transition is over.
        
               | smoldesu wrote:
               | The easiest fix for this issue is to not use Wayland,
               | like 99% of users. I'm not sure who gave you the idea
               | that Wayland is production ready, but it's certainly not
               | going to see prime-time Linux for another few years.
        
               | kitsunesoba wrote:
               | Ubuntu 21.04 will be using Wayland by default for non-
               | Nvidia users, which would suggest that it's not far off.
               | 
               | There are also configurations that are better supported
               | by Wayland than X11, not to mention Wayland handles
               | things like trackpad gestures better (which at this
               | point, X11 is never going to get better at), so even if
               | it's not yet production ready there are reasons why some
               | might want to use it.
        
               | smoldesu wrote:
               | Such is the burden of choice. Today, however, x11 is
               | still the standard.
        
           | dehrmann wrote:
           | I just tried the latest Ubuntu on an X1 Carbon and was
           | disappointed. At first it was looking good, but then the
           | warts started to show through. I could live with some of the
           | problems, but I had to do some searching to learn that the
           | reason Firefox scrolling was laggy was I was using a non-
           | standard hidpi scale factor, the UI froze multiple times in
           | just a few days, and it felt all around glitchier.
        
             | mhitza wrote:
             | 1. Maybe give Kubuntu a try. Have not used Gnome in many
             | years now, but when I did, lag was a given.
             | 
             | 2. Have you setup full disk encryption? Unless tweaked
             | (thanks to Cloudflare kernel patches) dm-crypt will cause
             | short system freezes.
             | 
             | 3. Firefox is still an unfortunate story on Linux. Still no
             | hardware acceleration enabled by default (and just in the
             | last year, I think, made toggleable universally in
             | about:config)
        
               | dehrmann wrote:
               | 2. Ah, I did set it up (and it had to do it by hand to
               | dual boot). It's just all these things added up--they're
               | table stakes for an OS.
        
               | mhitza wrote:
               | As a pro, at least, dual booting with Linux is still
               | straighforward. I guess other OSes can't compete there.
               | 
               | I have to admit that otherwise its not all roses in
               | Linuxland. Fedora for example, a couple of versions ago
               | switched their upgrade peocedure to the awful download
               | now, reboot system and wait for updates to complete.
               | Basically upgrades feel like Window upgrades now. Maybe
               | that's the way they want to "force" users to swith to
               | Fedora Silverblue :)
        
         | mdoms wrote:
         | > it's all just a different flavor of Windows at this point
         | 
         | Frankly I don't think that's fair to Windows. There would be a
         | shitstorm of epic proportions if Microsoft unilaterally broke
         | compatibility with thousands and thousands of programs, tools
         | and workflows like Big Sur has done.
         | 
         | Big Sur has been out for 3 months now and the company I work
         | for, like many others, has a blanket ban on upgrading to it
         | because of mountains of compatibility problems with mission-
         | critical software.
        
           | GekkePrutser wrote:
           | Unfortunately you have the PR of Apple to deal with too.
           | 
           | I manage hundreds of Macs and the users are constantly
           | howling about not being able to use Big Sur yet. I can
           | explain there are still many dealbreaking bugs (the 11.2
           | upgrade space problem caused major headaches taking hours to
           | fix in my testing!), it's slower and more screenspace
           | wasteful but they keep wanting it because of Apple's snazzy
           | PR. There's also a major issue with AD accounts getting
           | completely blocked after the upgrade.
           | 
           | Of course what doesn't help is that new Macs come with Big
           | Sur by default and can't really be downgraded. So we have to
           | support it at least for new machines.
        
             | swiley wrote:
             | Dump it and run linux. Apple only wants to make instagram
             | scrolling machines.
        
               | Toutouxc wrote:
               | Which is why they: do WWDC, provide Xcode for free, put
               | machine learning acceleration into the M1, created a
               | brand new Virtualization framework, demoed Linux on the
               | M1 Macs, develop their own professional software for Macs
               | (Final Cut, Logic)..?
        
             | Razengan wrote:
             | > _I 'm right, everyone else is wrong._
        
               | GekkePrutser wrote:
               | No, like I'm saying there are _actual_ issues.
               | 
               | If there were no issues I'd be very happy to let people
               | upgrade.
               | 
               | Just a grab:
               | 
               | - Box Drive still doesn't work properly:
               | https://www.macrumors.com/2021/02/01/box-drive-macos-big-
               | sur... . This is our main online file storage. Edit: I
               | meant Box Drive, not Box Sync, thanks _a2tech_
               | 
               | - AD accounts get completely broken after the update
               | (can't log in due to an MDM profile intended for _local_
               | accounts now applies to AD mobile accounts as well).
               | Confirmed by Apple support but still pending a fix
               | 
               | - Apple keeps introducing bugs, I was close to push the
               | button for mass upgrades with 11.2 but then they
               | introduced the space bug which caused macs to be locked
               | in a bootloop that can't be fixed without another Mac
               | present with an older OS version:
               | https://www.macrumors.com/2021/02/15/macos-big-
               | sur-11-2-1-re... . This really should never have made it
               | through QA.
               | 
               | - Our VPN still has issues with random disconnects that
               | are still being investigated (they switched over to
               | network extensions so this was a big rewrite for them)
               | 
               | - Our antivirus only supports Big Sur as of about 1 month
               | ago. So this was a blocking point for a long time that's
               | only just been resolved. This was also due to the system
               | extension thing mainly (and yes they could have done this
               | sooner as this was already on the cards with Catalina,
               | absolutely)
               | 
               | All in all this is not at a level I call "stable" and
               | that's not all third-party compatibility issues either,
               | some of them are pure Apple.
               | 
               | When I say that it's slower and wastes more screen space,
               | that's a matter of opinion (at least of the impact of
               | these things). But these are _not a reason for me to
               | block the upgrade_ , it's just something I would mention
               | to explain why it's not such a big deal that they can't
               | have it yet :) I will allow it when it actually works
               | reliably.
               | 
               | As the article explains, Apple's PR is not always aligned
               | with reality. Updates are indeed slower and I often hear
               | the fan running hard since Big Sur when it wouldn't
               | before. Especially the WindowServer process uses a lot of
               | CPU now for some reason.
        
               | dawnerd wrote:
               | Add to the list, screen sharing became very very spotty
               | and no longer works on a headless Mac without first
               | waking it up and restarting the screen share process.
               | There's no way they actually qa'd this.
               | 
               | Another fun one, refresh rates will sometimes go back to
               | 60 but the drop down shows the higher rate and only fixes
               | once you toggle. Never had this happen before Big Sur.
        
               | GekkePrutser wrote:
               | Aha I have not even noticed this issue, I will have a
               | look. But we don't use the built-in screen sharing in
               | production. Some of my test boxes have it though, but
               | they're also on an IP KVM luckily.
        
               | smoldesu wrote:
               | Don't even get me started on my 144hz monitor. Getting it
               | to work reliably on Big Sur was a neverending trainwreck.
        
               | a2tech wrote:
               | Don't hold your breath for Box Sync to be fixed--it
               | wasn't working right previous to Big Sur being delivered.
               | Box Drive seems to be the only software that works semi-
               | reliably these days.
        
               | GekkePrutser wrote:
               | Oops I meant Box Drive actually, I have to update my
               | post.
               | 
               | I was never a fan of Box Sync as it doesn't have the on-
               | demand feature and as such uses a LOT of disk space and
               | bandwidth.
        
           | foepys wrote:
           | I have said this before but here I go again: the company I
           | work for is still maintaining a program written in 1999 in
           | Visual Basic 6.0 nearly unchanged on Windows in 32bit.
           | 
           | Windows is the perfect platform for us because it makes our
           | applications so much less expensive to develop. We are a
           | profitable company with hundreds of B2B customers and
           | thousands of users that deploy on their own hardware and we
           | can deliver our software without Docker or anything because
           | the application just runs on any Windows version since XP.
           | It's basically write and forget (apart from a few hickups
           | here and there when Windows Update accidentally breakes
           | something).
           | 
           | We have been working for years to replace parts of the VB6
           | application with modern .NET libraries and while this is
           | unsupported by Microsoft, it's still working. The VB
           | application hosts the modern .NET libraries and integrates
           | its functionalities and new functionality is exclusively
           | developed in .NET. Our development speed is not impacted by
           | deprecated APIs that we have to urgently address. We can take
           | our time to improve things without our customers noticing.
           | 
           | If we were supporting macOS, we would have shut down a long
           | time ago. It would've been impossible for us to keep up with
           | yearly macOS API changes and to add new features at the same
           | time.
        
             | no_wizard wrote:
             | I feel like this is a security nightmare. How do you handle
             | that consideration?
        
               | foepys wrote:
               | Everything is running in firewalled environments.
               | Literally nothing written in VB6 is publicly accessible.
               | We are using .NET since the release of .NET Framework 2.0
               | and only very old code is VB6.
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | Can anything that lives in that firewalled environment
               | reach out to the internet or have stuff reach in? If so,
               | it's only a matter of time before something gets popped
               | and it's a bastion to access everything else behind the
               | firewall.
               | 
               | This isn't even nation state level attacks, it's pretty
               | standard behavior for botnets and ransomware.
        
             | spijdar wrote:
             | I think the comparison is a little non-sequitur. Classic
             | visual basic hasn't had a feature released since 1998 and
             | supported ended in 2005 (with extended in 2008).
             | 
             | It's not a part of Windows itself per se, but a runtime
             | environment. Couldn't you just as well have written an app
             | in Java, which has also kept good backwards compatibility
             | and could still be run on both Windows and MacOS with
             | minimal changes?
        
               | JohnTHaller wrote:
               | Windows maintains backwards compatibility to an amazing
               | level compared to Macs.
               | 
               | If there were a version of Visual Basic for Mac released
               | alongside the Windows version back in 1998, it would have
               | been a classic Mac app which Apple dropped support for
               | after Mac OS 10.4 and never had on Intel-based Macs.
               | 
               | If Microsoft had updated this theoretical Visual Basic
               | for Intel-based Macs running Mac OS X back in 2008, Apple
               | would have dropped support for it with Catalina, which
               | ditched 32-bit app support.
               | 
               | What you're hoping for just wouldn't have worked except
               | for a runtime that was still being supported by the
               | publisher to make the jump from Mac Classic to OS X and
               | then again from 32-bit to 64-bit as Apple broke backwards
               | compatibility.
               | 
               | If Microsoft had somehow brought Mac VB out of retirement
               | twice and done both of the above, Apple would be dropping
               | support for it again a few years from now when they drop
               | Rosetta and only support M1-based apps on Mac OS.
        
             | wwweston wrote:
             | Backward compatibility is heavily underrated. Windows isn't
             | my favorite experience in some ways but I'm starting to
             | realize just how compelling a long-running consistent
             | execution environment really is after losing enough mac
             | software to time.
        
           | 0df8dkdf wrote:
           | _> Big Sur has been out for 3 months now and the company I
           | work for, like many others, has a blanket ban on upgrading to
           | it because of mountains of compatibility problems with
           | mission-critical software._
           | 
           | I have being a Mac user since Apple II. All these changes
           | really saddens me. Can we start some kind group similar to
           | class action law suit to pressure Apple into changing this
           | kind of behaviour in Big Sur. If not enough people upgrade,
           | maybe they will have skip a version and come out with
           | something more light weight. I think that happened with Snow
           | Leopard ( don't remember the exact one).
        
             | sbarre wrote:
             | There is already a group of people applying this pressure.
             | Ex-customers who have stopped buying their products. Join
             | us.
             | 
             | Along with many others it seems, Catalina is the last
             | version of macOS I'll be using.
             | 
             | I have a 2013 27" iMac and as of mid-last year I was
             | considering buying a new one sometime in 2021, but I've now
             | changed my mind, due to decisions Apple has made about how
             | they handle their desktop operating system.
        
               | 0df8dkdf wrote:
               | Thanks, is there a group where we can join? Maybe a web
               | site would be great. Please post a link or PM me if you
               | know. It relates to both personal and professional usage
               | of MacOS.
        
             | smoldesu wrote:
             | I really hope that something can be done, but Tim Cook's
             | hostility towards the end user gives me a feeling that
             | they're not interested. Don't get me wrong, though, Cook's
             | grip on Apple has offered some much-needed upgrades in a
             | lot of key ares, but the power-user has been ignored the
             | entire time. I also get the feeling that their interest
             | lies in engineering the Mac to appeal to the lowest common
             | denominator. They can sell an iPhone to anyone, they can
             | sell an iPad to anyone, but they can't sell a Mac to just
             | anyone. The solution? Make it run iPhone and iPad apps.
        
               | gjvc wrote:
               | This reminds me of something I read here a long time ago
               | "At Apple we know what users want, and we give it to them
               | good and hard."
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | > _Apple no longer respects when the user wants to update_
         | 
         | Huh? You set exactly if, how and when to update in System
         | Preferences.
         | 
         | You can set it to never, always, to ask, to download but not
         | install, etc.
         | 
         | It's been that way for as long as I can remember, and Big Sur
         | doesn't appear to have changed anything. All the checkboxes are
         | still there.
        
           | radley wrote:
           | > All the checkboxes are still there
           | 
           | But they don't do anything. I have had all of the checkboxes
           | off for years and I still get "Update Now" notifications.
           | 
           | The only work-around is to say "Update Tonight" because it
           | won't work and will buy me a few days before I get another
           | pushy "Update Now".
        
             | AlphaSite wrote:
             | Those only turn off auto updating not update notifications,
             | which you could argue should be an option, but I disagree
             | people are entirely too good at not looking for updates if
             | they don't have too (out of sight out of mind and all).
        
             | randallsquared wrote:
             | If you click on the left side of the notification, it opens
             | System Preferences, which you can just close again or
             | ignore. However, while this avoids setting any attempt to
             | update overnight, it doesn't actually stop you from getting
             | another prompt the next day or whatever.
        
             | crazygringo wrote:
             | They prevent the auto updating so they absolutely do
             | something. They do exactly what they say.
             | 
             | Notifications are another matter. And if users didn't get
             | notifications how would they even know when there were
             | updates?
             | 
             | Because updates include security patches it's important to
             | nudge people towards updating.
        
         | ksec wrote:
         | >it's all just a different flavor of Windows at this point.
         | 
         | That is giving too much credit to Microsoft or Windows. Edit:
         | Windows 10X [1] is quite good though.
         | 
         | I also think the discussion completely miss the key point of
         | this update -
         | 
         | > There's a risk of damage to the notebook if you are using a
         | non-compliant powered _USB-C_ hub or a dock.
         | 
         | USB-C. For crying out loud USB-C, _Again_. Despite all the
         | evidence the vocal Internet and HN still think USB-C as the
         | holy grail. How they should be able to change using a single
         | cable. ( Which is not true ).
         | 
         | I really hope the rumour of MagSafe coming back is true.
         | 
         | [1] https://youtu.be/EPirgHua2sE
        
       | Shivetya wrote:
       | I really still like my iMac and Mac OS as a whole is still very
       | good. However I also experience Windows 10 daily as my work
       | laptop uses that OS. That work laptop also is fully managed by my
       | employer with updates pushed to me weekly mostly to cover the
       | latest security issue.
       | 
       | So I have biweekly updates at minimum to my work laptop; a
       | nothing special i5 SSD based Dell; and these annoy me because I
       | have to spend what feels like nearly five minutes between updates
       | applied, boot, and more updates applied, before I can sign on.
       | 
       | and there is my Mac. I have a 2019 iMac, i9, SSD, and 40g memory.
       | Twenty five to forty minutes complete with a timer on screen just
       | to rub it in, which doesn't show up for some time into the
       | process just to add some spice.
       | 
       | It is as long as the upgrade to Big Sur took or at least it feels
       | that way. I am loathe to let my iMac update and while it claims
       | it can do so overnight it always fails to do so.
       | 
       | Apple's patch process even on iPads and to an extent my iPhone
       | are abysmal too. I really don't understand systems that are
       | otherwise fast take so long to do an update.
       | 
       | PS: On a side note, Big Sur is the least stable OS from them I
       | can recall in recent years. I have had hard freezes in some apps
       | which they Mac three finger salute could not remedy and a few
       | times I found myself signing back in as it just "rebooted"
        
         | trevorishere wrote:
         | Microsoft releases updates once per month for Windows and
         | associated components (sans the rare critical RCE etc.) -- for
         | Office, you may be on Current Channel which releases ~3x/month.
         | This would generally be unusual in a corporate environment
         | which favors the Monthly Channel or SAC, both of which get
         | updates 1x per month.
        
         | bartvk wrote:
         | As for your side note, please consider a fresh install. I
         | haven't had a single crash _knocks on wood_
        
           | davidf18 wrote:
           | "A fresh install a year keeps the bugs away."
           | 
           | I do a fresh install from USB annually because computers are
           | computers and it helps with a lot. I also do resets every
           | couple of days for the same reason.
           | 
           | I also reset my iPhone 12 Pro Max every few days because
           | computers are computers.
        
       | bredren wrote:
       | > What this month has demonstrated, reiterated and rubbed in
       | until the wounds bleed again, is how massive and debilitating
       | updating Big Sur has become.
       | 
       | This is over the top. Most users are not noticing 3gb vs 1gb
       | difference per download or the delta between what was and what is
       | for short updates.
       | 
       | They are just glad it's getting done without messing with it.
        
         | vinay_ys wrote:
         | I just did this update and it took roughly 15 minutes after I
         | hit 'reboot now' till I was able to login and resume my work.
         | All of the download and preparation work happened in the
         | background without interrupting my work.
        
         | carlosrg wrote:
         | If they haven't noticed by now, they'll notice soon that even
         | minor updates like 12.2.2 takes 40+ minutes to install, no
         | matter the download size difference.
        
         | random5634 wrote:
         | Seriously - my wife is on MacOS - and has never mentioned to me
         | that her wounds have been rubbed until they bleed (??). Where
         | does this type of language come from? If a MacOS update is so
         | bad for you that you need medical treatment I don't know what
         | to tell you.
        
           | breakfastduck wrote:
           | 'Not everyone is happy with the latest version of macOS'
           | doesn't get clicks because I don't think there's a single OS
           | update that everyone likes.
        
         | WesolyKubeczek wrote:
         | For a good many users, internet bandwidth doesn't grow on them
         | trees. There's quite a bit of world outside of continental US,
         | and even continental US got them so-called rural areas, last I
         | heard.
         | 
         | Those sure as hell gonna notice.
        
           | viktorcode wrote:
           | Many people outside of US don't know what "data cap" means.
           | So, for them bandwidth do grows on them trees.
        
             | InvertedRhodium wrote:
             | I can assure you that the entire population of Australia is
             | intimately familiar with the concept.
        
           | eq1 wrote:
           | I appreciate your point that not everyone has great internet
           | but let's also keep in mind that services like Netflix
           | consume about 1GB/hr SD and 3GB/hour HD, and Netflix has over
           | 200 million customers world wide. 1GB just isn't what it used
           | to be.
        
             | oasisbob wrote:
             | In the beginning of the pandemic, my living situation
             | changed, and my family was dependent on mobile LTE for our
             | internet connection due to being in a semi-rural area.
             | 
             | A 1 GB security update would find me at the public library
             | parking lot with a pile of devices in my car, updating all
             | of them on their WiFi some weekend morning.
             | 
             | There are still millions and millions of people in this
             | world who need to change their physical behavior to work
             | around issues of internet scarcity on a regular basis.
        
             | mdoms wrote:
             | Do you think that 200 million Netflix users comprises the
             | same set of people that are bandwidth constrained? I don't
             | see how that's relevant to the point whatsoever.
        
               | eq1 wrote:
               | I was just putting 1GB into context for 2021. My point is
               | there is a substantial number of people that are
               | perfectly fine using 1GB/hr for just one of the things
               | they do online. So the requirement of a few GB every few
               | months is not likely to even register for an even larger
               | segment of the population, regardless of platform.
               | 
               | Of course there are those that this will matter to. And
               | for those perhaps Apple, a premium brand, is not the best
               | solution. But of course they will need to define "best"
               | for their own context.
               | 
               | Edit: And of course there are contexts where the long
               | upgrade time can matter a lot, like a help desk. They
               | won't care about the data but they may care about upgrade
               | latency. Again I just don't think the Magnitude of data
               | is going to be an issue for Apple's target demographic.
        
               | monocasa wrote:
               | > And for those perhaps Apple, a premium brand, is not
               | the best solution.
               | 
               | It's not a question of paying for better internet. There
               | are places in the US where the best internet you can get
               | has a 10GB/Month cap.
        
               | pdpi wrote:
               | How likely is it that Mac users are in that bandwidth-
               | constrained population either, though?
        
               | swiley wrote:
               | A lot of people I know were using macs partly because you
               | can still force them to only update at the library,
               | Something you haven't been able to do with Windows for a
               | long time.
        
           | nottorp wrote:
           | Funny because when I read the article I thought "he's in the
           | US on a metered expensive connection".
           | 
           | 1 Gb... 3 Gb... not much of a difference for my internet
           | pipe.
        
       | crazygringo wrote:
       | I'm curious if anyone definitively knows _why_ macOS updates can
       | 't be differental -- why it requires a gigabyte or more to patch
       | something tiny.
       | 
       | Given the expense of bandwidth and servers needed at a global
       | scale, it seems Apple would have implemented differential updates
       | long ago if it were just a straightforward engineering task.
       | 
       | So it seems pretty clear that something is making it incredibly
       | difficult or essentially impossible. Does anybody know what it
       | is?
        
         | count wrote:
         | In theory, its simpler to guarantee everything is exactly as it
         | should be, so the 'baseline' is identical. Differential based
         | systems can fail in multiple ways (e.g. do you know when it's
         | all done? what if one file is missed? etc.) that are simpler
         | than just a bulk replace. I'm sure they COULD be differential,
         | but that's a lot of extra complexity.
        
           | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
           | This still doesn't make sense to me. I mean, I don't
           | understand the complexity of this at all:
           | 
           | 1. Machine keeps around a baseline version of the OS install
           | 
           | 2. A diff is downloaded and applied to the baseline version -
           | that entire new version is then checksummed and validated to
           | ensure it would be identical to what an entirely new version
           | would look like.
           | 
           | 3. That new version is then installed.
           | 
           | I could see a downside here of requiring more disk space, but
           | even then doesn't seem like it would be that hard for the
           | system to make some heuristic decisions (e.g. incremental vs.
           | full) based on the amount of free space on disk.
           | 
           | Incremental updates are really not that hard, we've
           | successfully implemented them for decades. Apple engineers
           | are obviously no dummies, so would just like to understand
           | what additional considerations make incremental updates more
           | difficult now.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | codemac wrote:
       | Normally coworkers are excited to update and get new features.
       | 
       | This time everyone was talking about how much they didn't want
       | to, and how scared they were. Then the bugs and issues were a
       | solid month of sadness, very rough release for Apple when looking
       | from afar.
       | 
       | Are there any big features of the OS that folks are excited
       | about? The bugs will get fixed over time.
       | 
       | Here I am on linux 5.11 with the ion window manager from forever
       | ago, using emacs and firefox like I did with mozilla in the 90s.
       | Happily getting less religious about the set up though.
        
         | AmVess wrote:
         | I use Windows and MacOS, and I wince every time either of them
         | has an update.
         | 
         | For one, MS doesn't test updates anymore. You may get something
         | pleasant like losing the ability to print, or having all your
         | network cards vanish.
         | 
         | I had a stack of Mac Minis years ago that I used for various
         | things. One update bricked half of them. I was able to fix them
         | easily, but it should not have happened at all. I installed
         | from scratch on one of them, and an update bricked it. I did
         | nothing to the computer in between the fresh install and
         | pressing the update button. Neat.
         | 
         | The bottom line is Apple and MS have long ago stopped caring
         | about the quality of their products.
        
           | techsupporter wrote:
           | Microsoft famously canned their entire group of people who do
           | testing (SDETs). If the problem you hit isn't caught by an
           | automated test at build, Microsoft employees running it in
           | some form of "dogfood," or the people running beta builds, it
           | is getting shipped.
           | 
           | Maybe that's good enough. Maybe people are getting used to
           | software coming out with multiple updates per quarter to fix
           | some "random glitch."
           | 
           | I look at it as the computing industry getting away from the
           | roles and pace that made computers _reliable_ instead of just
           | functional. We used to have Operations staff to keep a
           | service reliable; we used to have Testing staff to make sure
           | a code base was reliable. They had their own failings, but to
           | cut them out entirely did wonders for stock prices and not
           | much for the end user experience.
           | 
           | But maybe being able to launch a pre-VC startup with one
           | person and a stack of cloud services is a better trade-off.
        
         | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
         | > Normally coworkers are excited to update and get new
         | features.
         | 
         | Really?? I'm a software engineer and I'm usually pretty loath
         | to install major updates because there's usually a greater
         | chance that something will break, costing me hours in fix time,
         | than I'll actually get something super useful that will improve
         | my workflow.
         | 
         | Maybe I sound a little "old school", but I think for most
         | people that at least for the past decade OS updates have been
         | so minorly incremental that any individual update is more
         | likely to cause pain than pleasure. This follows most "mature"
         | technology patterns, e.g. in the late 90s and 00s there was
         | always a pretty good reason to update your mobile phone, for
         | example, but for the past 7 or 8 years the updates have been
         | quite minor (slightly faster processor or better camera) - I
         | really don't feel like I have any significant reason to upgrade
         | until mid band and mmWave 5G become widely available.
        
       | wlesieutre wrote:
       | On the plus side compared to its main competitor, when you
       | uncheck "Automatically keep my Mac up to date," it won't
       | spontaneously reboot your computer and kick off an update while
       | you need to use it.
       | 
       | I had no idea updates got slower in Big Sur, because I hit the
       | install button and go to bed.
       | 
       | It could take 8 hours for all I care.
        
         | fortran77 wrote:
         | > it won't spontaneously reboot your computer and kick off an
         | update while you need to use it.
         | 
         | I've never had this happen on Windows. The worst effect is when
         | I want to shut down and it installs an update before powering
         | off.
        
         | trevorishere wrote:
         | Big Sur updates are as bad as applying any patch to Windows
         | Server 2016. But I agree, less of an issue given it attempts to
         | auto update overnight.
        
           | will4274 wrote:
           | Windows also updates overnight.
        
         | wlesieutre wrote:
         | Most painful thing in Big Sur for me is all the paid major
         | updates to utilities because it broke compatibility with a
         | bunch of stuff.
         | 
         | Even bigger headache for the developers of said utilities, but
         | they're at least getting paid for it.
        
         | cptskippy wrote:
         | > it won't spontaneously reboot your computer and kick off an
         | update while you need to use it.
         | 
         | That only happened if you ignored and dismissed updates for
         | weeks.
         | 
         | It's amazing how much hyperbole is permitted around here as
         | long as it's about Windows.
        
           | wlesieutre wrote:
           | If 5 years after release, Windows 10's "active hours" setting
           | wasn't still braindead, I would be more inclined to cut them
           | some slack. But it still hasn't occurred to anyone at
           | Microsoft that the hours I need my home computer to be
           | functional might not be the same on a Wednesday and a
           | Saturday.
           | 
           | Even with working from home during COVID where I'm using my
           | Windows machine for a large chunk of every day and the
           | weekday/weekend use patterns are more similar, they're still
           | not the same. And not everyone is on an office worker's
           | weekday/weekend schedule either.
           | 
           | If it's so important that updates can be installed all the
           | time, just give me a damn weekly calendar and let me say when
           | to do it. "Active Hours" is already buried in a nested page
           | of UI with mostly empty space, it's not like this would over
           | complicate the settings app or take up room that they can't
           | spare. https://i.imgur.com/x5I65Jx.png
           | 
           | A $10 clock/radio has more sophisticated and user-friendly
           | alarm scheduling than Microsoft has managed to create in the
           | world's most popular desktop operating system.
           | 
           | Edit to add: why does "Update and Shut Down" mean "Update and
           | Shut Down then Update a Bit More When Turned Back On Later"?
           | 
           | Even if it has to reboot a couple times before staying off,
           | "Update and Shut Down" should have the updates completely
           | done the next time I turn it on to use it.
           | 
           | Edit 2: Also should point out that the "reopen apps after
           | restart" feature on macOS is pretty much universally
           | supported across apps and works nearly flawlessly. You can
           | reboot and hardly notice it happened afterward. Not as much
           | the case for Windows, where a forced reboot when you're away
           | from the computer is probably going to destroy any unsaved
           | changes in documents that you had open.
           | 
           | Apple has been working on seamless reboots since 2011 (OS X
           | Lion) instead of just shoving in "3 AM is update time and
           | we're forcing your computer to reboot, hope you didn't need
           | the stuff you left open yesterday."
        
             | layer8 wrote:
             | I fully agree. Luckily there's RebootBlocker:
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25971264
        
           | lilyball wrote:
           | I have ignored and dismissed a macOS update on my laptop for
           | weeks with no penalty.
        
           | tharax wrote:
           | > That only happened if you ignored and dismissed updates for
           | weeks.
           | 
           | I should be able to ignore and dismiss updates for years.
           | 
           | I recognise I'm taking on risks, but it's my hardware and my
           | data. Some of these updates are downgrades in functionality
           | and behaviour. I specifically don't want to be forced to
           | accept whatever patch is pushed out.
        
           | marcinzm wrote:
           | >That only happened if you ignored and dismissed updates for
           | weeks.
           | 
           | Given that some updates have caused systems to brick or
           | deleted data I want a way to wait weeks or longer before
           | updating.
        
           | lawl wrote:
           | > That only happened if you ignored and dismissed updates for
           | weeks.
           | 
           | Not true. I only use windows for the occasional game that
           | doesn't yet work well with wine/proton. And every time I do
           | boot it and start playing a game, it suddenly randomly
           | reboots me.
           | 
           | No, I haven't ignored and dismissed updates for weeks. Indeed
           | I haven't updated for weeks because I haven't booted it for
           | weeks. But I haven't dismissed or ignored it.
           | 
           | And it's really annoying.
        
             | cptskippy wrote:
             | I have a PC that I use almost exclusively for gaming that
             | is booted at most once a week these days. I don't recall it
             | ever spontaneously rebooting.
             | 
             | The worst I have experienced is slow downs in game because
             | it chose to update in the background.
        
               | lawl wrote:
               | > that is booted at most once a week
               | 
               | I suspect that's often enough to easily stay under that
               | threshold. For me it's at most every 3ish months that i
               | boot windows for one particular game that releases
               | updates in 3 month cycles. Sometimes I skip one or two
               | and then it's 6 or 9 month between boots.
               | 
               | And everytime it just reboots me, no prompt, nothing,
               | just in the middle of the game, good-bye.
        
         | intricatedetail wrote:
         | I think M$ did this as a favour for people who need to weasel
         | out of meetings etc. "Sorry guys Windows triggered an update."
         | and that will sound plausible where in reality you had to close
         | the laptop to spread a line on the lid.
        
       | whoisburbansky wrote:
       | It isn't immediately clear to me from the article why these
       | updates can't just be patches; it sounded like a large part of
       | the problem here is that what's ostensibly a couple kilobyte
       | delta to fix ends up bloated to multiple gigabytes because of
       | things like each update requiring firmware for every single Intel
       | mac, and a copy of the entire dyld cache for System libraries.
       | What is it about the update process that makes it so you can't
       | just skip out on extra fluff if it doesn't need changing?
        
         | boopmaster wrote:
         | It's not immediately clear why the update system is like this
         | but agreed with author that it totally sucks. There's an OS
         | update waiting on me to install, stating it contains only a fix
         | for the Mac mini m1, which I do not have. It would be one of
         | those "flash all ye firmware" updates if I would run it. Every
         | update is. Updates are atrocious. The only upside I can think
         | of is that rootkits might have trouble persisting?
        
         | hctaw wrote:
         | My uneducated guess is that they don't have a good way to keep
         | the app signatures intact when patching binaries.
        
       | williesleg wrote:
       | Debian is nice. MacOS is just a data collector for Apple. They
       | have all those huge datacenters, that's not for compiling code or
       | doing CAD work.
        
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       (page generated 2021-02-28 23:01 UTC)