[HN Gopher] Universal Radio Hacker: Investigate Wireless Protoco...
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       Universal Radio Hacker: Investigate Wireless Protocols Like a Boss
        
       Author : mindcrime
       Score  : 225 points
       Date   : 2021-02-28 04:35 UTC (18 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (github.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (github.com)
        
       | codetrotter wrote:
       | > URH allows easy demodulation of signals combined with an
       | automatic detection of modulation parameters making it a breeze
       | to identify the bits and bytes that fly over the air
       | 
       | Something I've been wanting to do for a long while is to figure
       | out how to decode the time code audio signal of Serato Control
       | Vinyl.
       | 
       | I briefly looked at the audio signal of Serato Control Vinyl in
       | Audacity and you can tell that it should be possible to reverse
       | engineer what's going on. The signal if I remember correctly
       | looks like a blend between a sine wave and a triangle wave, with
       | a sort of "bend" that it looks like half of a banana kind of.
       | Furthermore from memory the frequency of the signal changes over
       | time, the shape changes, and there is a (possibly changing) phase
       | difference between the left and right channels.
       | 
       | Somehow, this encodes a time code. And I can tell that it makes
       | sense that you'd be able to tell the time from looking at the
       | changes in the signal. But I don't know how to actually decode it
       | in order to determine the time code.
       | 
       | Serato Control Vinyl is used for Digital Vinyl Systems (DVS) in
       | DJing. It allows you to use the control vinyl on a vinyl player
       | and hook it up to your computer in order to control the playback
       | of audio on the computer.
       | 
       | This way you can use physical control vinyl to do scratching and
       | other DJing, and the software on the computer is able to very
       | accurately manipulate the playback of digital audio based on the
       | analog time code signal, so that speed and direction and time
       | position is accurately tracked with high fidelity.
       | 
       | For anyone else who also thinks this sounds interesting, download
       | the control CD from https://serato.com/controlcd/downloads and
       | look at the audio signal, it is similar (possibly even the same?)
       | as the one on the control vinyl.
       | 
       | In fact there is already some third-party software that supports
       | using the Serato control vinyl. For example, the open source
       | Mixxx.
       | https://manual.mixxx.org/2.3/en/chapters/vinyl_control.html
       | 
       | However, Mixxx is GPL v2 licensed, and I am hoping to implement
       | interoperability with Serato control vinyl in software that is
       | either ISC licensed or proprietary, so I don't want to even look
       | at GPL licensed source code.
       | 
       | If anyone is able to figure out how the time code signal of
       | Serato control vinyl works, or knows of an existing description
       | of it that can be used for implementing software for it, please
       | let me know.
        
         | sneakypete81 wrote:
         | That brings back nice memories, I designed some of the early
         | Serato scratch hardware. I didn't work for them directly
         | though, so never did manage to find out how the vinyl timecode
         | worked.
        
         | lbotos wrote:
         | Happy to see another DJ nerd here.
         | 
         | Mixxx's timecode engine is powered by xwax:
         | 
         | https://sourceforge.net/p/xwax/mailman/xwax-devel/ I'm pretty
         | sure there was a thread on the mailing list where they talked
         | about it.
         | 
         | My understanding is that there are "directional" and
         | "positional" signals on the timecode to give you "relative" and
         | "absolute" positioning.
         | 
         | You may be able to glean more from mspinkys as well:
         | http://www.mspinky.com/SoftwareSpec_0.0.6.pdf (no code here,
         | just function names and descriptions)
         | 
         | Good luck!
        
           | codetrotter wrote:
           | Thank you :)
        
       | molticrystal wrote:
       | Wow this has come a decent way since I first tried it back in
       | early 2017. I used to use the rtlsdr a lot as a hobby back then,
       | and it inspired me to get a ham license after hearing the local
       | chatter. I'll have to dig it back out and scan the airwaves again
       | and see if I can decode anything interesting. Thanks for sharing
       | this.
        
       | PiotrVonKleve wrote:
       | Nice hardware is the HackRF One [1], since you can record and re-
       | transmit the recorded signal. Compatible with GNU Radio, SDR#,
       | and more, 1 MHz to 6 GHz operating frequency. [1]
       | https://greatscottgadgets.com/hackrf/one/
        
         | WrtCdEvrydy wrote:
         | Wow, I was looking at the Blade and Blade mini but this is
         | cheaper.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | > 1 MHz to 6 GHz operating frequency.
         | 
         | But what is the maximum bandwidth?
        
         | squarefoot wrote:
         | Does having a 8-bit converter seriously affect in any way
         | reception?
         | 
         | I'm happy with my rtl-sdr v3 dongle, although living in a very
         | noisy area would like to get something better for HF reception.
         | I don't have a HAM license and no need for the HackRF transmit
         | capabilities, though it may turn out useful for testing
         | remotes, filters, aligning RF stages in diy receivers etc, but
         | the SDRPlay RSPdx or the AirSpy + Spyverter seem better
         | alternatives for receiving only with their 14 and 12 bit ADCs.
         | 
         | Here's a comparison of the three; I'd be interested in reading
         | from other owners as well. https://www.rtl-sdr.com/review-
         | airspy-vs-sdrplay-rsp-vs-hack...
        
           | aftbit wrote:
           | I have a bunch of RTL-SDRs, the HackRF, and the AirSpy. I
           | have only done VHF -> UHF work with them, never HF. In my
           | experience, the HackRF receive frontend is pretty poor, at
           | least in comparison. I'd use it if I needed transmit or for
           | local strong signals only. The AirSpy has the best receiver
           | of the bunch, but worse software support. I've had quite a
           | challenging time getting it to work with GNU Radio and GQRX.
           | It works great in SDR Sharp but that is no longer FOSS and
           | must be run on Windows IIRC. The RTL-SDR is cheap and has a
           | receiver at least on par with the HackRF and by far the best
           | compatibility.
        
         | penagwin wrote:
         | Do you have any experience with the limesdr? I've been eyeing
         | those for a bit
        
           | the_only_law wrote:
           | I bought one several months ago, albeit haven't used it much
           | yet. My one concern is how hot it ran when I first plugged it
           | in, you may want to get a case for it.
        
             | they4kman wrote:
             | I purchased the aluminum case along with my LimeSDR. A few
             | months ago, I figured out how to use trunk-recorder, and
             | the Lime has been my police/EMS radio scanner ever since.
             | It's been running almost nonstop for months, and I haven't
             | noticed any issues -- even as it remained hot to the touch
             | for all those months.
        
             | sponaugle wrote:
             | Oh yea, it does run pretty hot! I made a case for it from
             | an electronics project case I had laying around, and even
             | with that it is toasty. If I was building something that
             | was going to be running of for a long time a 3d printed
             | case with support for a small fan would be helpful.
        
           | sponaugle wrote:
           | I have a limesdr and a hackrf. Both work really well, but it
           | does seem like there are more people/projects for the hackrf.
           | Once you learn the ins and outs of GNUradio, it is pretty
           | amazing what you can do.
        
       | motohagiography wrote:
       | Super valuable. I remember specing out Ettus radios for a
       | security research project and they were in the thousands of
       | dollars, whereas today it's a $20 dongle with gnuradio.
        
         | the_only_law wrote:
         | Well, the Ettus radios are still probably superior if you're
         | working with higher frequencies, but there are still cheaper
         | alternatives.
         | 
         | Last time I was at the Ettus site I was dumbfounded more with
         | how much they're trying to sell software for.
        
           | motohagiography wrote:
           | My comment was a fragment of something I thought I didn't
           | post, it's there in error. It was in reference to some RF
           | security work I did almost 10 years ago. Ettus seems super
           | cool, and they were more cost effective than that, and this
           | was just before people popularly discovered that TV tuners
           | could be used as SDRs.
        
       | CraigJPerry wrote:
       | This made it really easy to figure out how to interpret the
       | packets from my wireless barbeque thermometer. Previously i used
       | some monstrous excel for this kind of pattern finding, e.g.
       | https://github.com/cleanflight/cleanflight/issues/1125#issue...
       | 
       | In the end the bbq temp sensor turned out to be trivial, using
       | rtl433 on a raspberry pi I just log the packets to a dynamo table
       | and alexa (using google charts from a lambda) plots the last 20
       | points on screen.
        
       | methyl wrote:
       | Is there anything like this, but for serial (ie. UART)?
        
         | wedowhatwedo wrote:
         | https://www.saleae.com/
        
           | methyl wrote:
           | That looks great, although I thought about something more
           | high level, a software which works with USB-UART converters.
           | Like minicom or HyperTerminal, with built in protocol
           | debugging capabilities.
        
             | ris wrote:
             | https://sigrok.org/
        
               | donquichotte wrote:
               | Also check out the Pulseview GUI front-end for sigrock,
               | it is excellent.
        
       | biosed wrote:
       | What would be a very good starter software defined radio?
        
         | newhouseb wrote:
         | Hands down the PlutoSDR (a.k.a ADALM-PLUTO) has the best
         | price/performance & support I've seen (and I've owned a
         | BladeRF, LimeSDR and various RTL dongles as well).
         | 
         | The core radio chip itself (the AD9363) appears to be identical
         | and/or a binned version of the AD9364 chip used in things like
         | USRP Radios (i.e. the high-end standard bearer brand for SDR)
         | and can be configurated to behave like it [1]. The unit price
         | for the AD9364 chip (in low volumes) is around $200. The ENTIRE
         | PlutoSDR is $150 and that includes a Zynq-7010 FPGA (which
         | itself is not cheap)!
         | 
         | Because it's built by Analog Devices, it's generally well
         | supported. It's designed as an educational tool so there are a
         | lot of tutorials for beginners like PySDR. I really like the
         | interfacing libraries (pyadi) that allow me to easily configure
         | the SDR from a python notebook and pull an RX buffer into numpy
         | and process away.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://wiki.analog.com/university/tools/pluto/users/customi...
         | [2] https://pysdr.org/index.html
        
           | aftbit wrote:
           | $250 from Analog directly, $200 from Amazon right now. Where
           | can I find it for $150?
        
             | roamingryan wrote:
             | Most of the major component distributors:
             | https://www.findchips.com/search/Adalm-pluto
        
         | sva_ wrote:
         | You can sometimes find a good deal on a HackRF as well. It has
         | a freq range of 1mhz to 6ghz (rx/tx). The popular RTL-SDR only
         | has 0.5mhz to 1.7ghz freq range (rx), but costs only about 1/4.
        
           | nucleardog wrote:
           | If you're okay with (1) not supporting the guy that designed
           | it in the first place and (2) taking a risk on a Chinese
           | knock-off (reviews generally seem good), you can often find
           | the Hackrf One on the usual suspect sites straight from China
           | relatively cheaply.
           | 
           | There's a listing right now for just the hackrf one board at
           | $125USD (versus a legit one at $350USD).
           | 
           | Hate to say it but I ordered one from there (with a metal
           | case, high stability clock, assortment of antennas and other
           | useful stuff) for $160.
           | 
           | I've had my eye on one for years, but it's just never going
           | to be something I'm willing to drop $350+ on as part of the
           | hobby.
        
             | sva_ wrote:
             | I don't think you can really call them a knockoff. As far
             | as I know, the HackRF has been designed as an opensource
             | hardware[0], so I'd guess the designer intended it to be
             | built by different entities.
             | 
             | [0] https://github.com/mossmann/hackrf/tree/master/hardware
             | "This is a free hardware design; you can redistribute it
             | and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
             | License[..]"
        
         | mhh__ wrote:
         | The SDR you actually own is the best one - the cheap Chinese
         | ones are rubbish, don't get me wrong, but you can still do a
         | hell of a lot with a little RTL-SDR
         | 
         | Analog Devices have some good offerings well up the price scale
         | but I forgot if they start at DC
        
         | mindcrime wrote:
         | I've only used the RTL-SDR ones, so I can't offer any first-
         | hand comparison. But for receive-only operations, the RTL-SDR
         | dongles are cheap, readily available, compatible with many or
         | most SDR related software packages, and basically "just work".
         | YMMV, but one of those is probably where I'd suggest starting.
         | 
         | I've heard good things about the HackRF devices as well. The
         | nice thing about those is that they're programmable
         | transmitters as well, not just receivers. But they're a bit
         | pricier as well, which is the downside. If I buy another SDR
         | anytime soon, that will probably be the direction I go.
        
         | hatsunearu wrote:
         | Depends on what you wanna do with it, but a Red Pitaya is
         | pretty good. Wish I had that instead of the hackRF
        
           | tosteris wrote:
           | https://www.redpitaya.com/f135/spectrum-analyzer
           | 
           | > Frequency span is from DC up to 62.5MHz
           | 
           | This seems rather limiting.
        
             | theodric wrote:
             | Get an upconverter
        
             | Gracana wrote:
             | That covers all of the amateur HF bands, so you'll have
             | lots of signals of known types that you can try to decode.
        
         | nucleardog wrote:
         | If you just want to _look_ at signals, a RTL-SDR kit with a
         | basic dipole antenna (rabbit ears) and the USB dongle is like
         | $35USD and readily available.
         | 
         | I would 100% recommend starting there. If you actually find
         | yourself using it and/or enjoying it, then look at spending
         | some more money.
         | 
         | If you do enjoy playing with SDR stuff, could also recommend
         | getting an amateur radio license. Basic license is ridiculously
         | easy to get and gives you access to legally transmit on a whole
         | bunch of different frequency ranges and put you in contact with
         | some other RF geeks.
        
         | CapricornNoble wrote:
         | I'm a big fan of my LimeSDR Minis:
         | https://www.crowdsupply.com/lime-micro/limesdr-mini/
         | 
         | The SDR comparison table on that page above is useful too.
        
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       (page generated 2021-02-28 23:02 UTC)