[HN Gopher] Single-Shot and First Doses First
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Single-Shot and First Doses First
        
       Author : drocer88
       Score  : 38 points
       Date   : 2021-02-27 16:33 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (marginalrevolution.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (marginalrevolution.com)
        
       | ambicapter wrote:
       | Oh god that first comment rings so depressingly true. Is this
       | just the nature of mankind forever or is there some way of
       | setting up incentives such that this doesn't play out exactly the
       | same way every time?
        
         | beaconstudios wrote:
         | Yes but AFAIK we don't do it. Incentive structures can be
         | treated as causal structures if you simplify by saying that
         | incentives "cause" people to act a certain way. The disciplines
         | involved in fixing or improving causal structures are systems
         | theory and cybernetics. But these tools are extremely under
         | utilised.
        
       | monkeypizza wrote:
       | from an earlier post in the series:
       | 
       | Michael Osterholm, Regents Professor, McKnight Presidential
       | Endowed Chair in Public Health, the director of the Center for
       | Infectious Disease Research and Policy (CIDRAP) and state
       | epidemiologist for the Minnesota Department of Health:
       | ...Imagine you are setting across the table from two people both
       | of whom are 65 or older, both with underlying health conditions.
       | You have two doses of vaccine, one in each hand. And you say to
       | them I can give two doses to you or to you but then the other
       | person gets nothing. Or I can give one dose to both of you. And
       | this is what I know. At the very least, one dose is likely to
       | prevent serious illness, hospitalization and death. Two doses
       | will probably even prevent clinical disease with B.1.1.7. But the
       | other one of you; if you get infected with this virus, which I
       | think substantial numbers of Americans will, things are not
       | looking good for you. What do you want me to do?              If
       | that is your Mom or Dad. Your Grandpa or Grandma. What would you
       | do?              This is where the rubber meets the road. I think
       | if the data bears it out we can save so many lives in the
       | upcoming weeks and we are missing that opportunity.
       | I have already made my choice. I am postponing my second dose. I
       | want my second dose. But I am confident that I can wait. And I
       | can only hope that my second dose, which I have just deferred,
       | will go to someone who it will save their life. It will make a
       | totally different world for that family.              You know
       | some could argue that this could be the end of my career. But I
       | could not sleep with myself at night if I didn't do this. I just
       | know in my heart of hearts that this is something we must do if
       | we are going to save lives.
       | 
       | https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2021/02/os...
        
         | melling wrote:
         | ... or you could give both doses to the other person because I
         | can wait 3-4 months.
         | 
         | In the US there are
         | 
         | - 25 million Americans over 75
         | 
         | - 50 million 65 and older, including the 75 year olds
         | 
         | We have given out 70 million doses.
         | 
         | I think we're around 40 million jabs a month, hopefully that
         | increases to 60 million soon
         | 
         | There's no need to experiment.
         | 
         | However, if we find >3-4 weeks between jabs is fine, let's do
         | it.
        
           | monkeypizza wrote:
           | The comparison was between                   giving 2 doses
           | to one person over 65, and nothing to another other person
           | over 65         giving one dose each to two 65+ people
           | 
           | We have evidence that total harm prevention under the second
           | case is higher than the first case, and it also makes perfect
           | logical sense, and there are public health officials
           | confirming this.
           | 
           | On the other hand we have tradition, custom, specific tests.
           | 
           | Say vaccines were tested based on administration in a blue
           | room, but weren't tested in a room painted red. Why are you
           | able to assert without tests that the room color is
           | irrelevant, but are asking for proof that giving two people
           | 85% resistance is better than one person with 95%, when all
           | the evidence supports it? What is leading to wanting to
           | strictly adhere to the exact tested procedure? How do you
           | square your disagreement with the public health officials
           | actively investigating this issue in the linked posts?
        
           | wang_li wrote:
           | We did 50 million in the last thirty days.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | monkeypizza wrote:
           | > There's no need to experiment.
           | 
           | People who haven't caught coronavirus yet are still likely to
           | catch it and be at risk. That is, new people are still being
           | infected and are likely to be for a few more months yet.
           | 
           | What calculation are you running to say that changes to
           | policy which might increase first-dose protection are not
           | worth making to protect them?
        
         | DanBC wrote:
         | (I upvoted you, and I'm not sure why you're getting downvotes).
         | 
         | > > Or I can give one dose to both of you. And this is what I
         | know. At the very least, one dose is likely to prevent serious
         | illness, hospitalization and death.
         | 
         | We don't know this from testing. We know it from real world
         | data -- we've given a bunch of people their first dose and then
         | we measured what happened.
         | 
         | Imagine you tell people "we're going to give you two doses of
         | this vaccine. You'll have the first dose today, and then you'll
         | have your second dose in X weeks. We know this is safe and
         | effective from the clinical trials. Do you want to go ahead?"
         | 
         | And then, after you've given them the dose, you say "well,
         | actually, looks like vaccine production is pretty slow, and we
         | really need to vaccinate as many people as possible, so we're
         | going to delay giving you your second dose".
         | 
         | There's a strong argument for doing that, but it's not
         | obviously the right thing to do. Informed consent is an
         | important part of healthcare everywhere. And vaccinations are
         | so important that anything that interferes with trust needs to
         | be really carefully examined.
        
           | monkeypizza wrote:
           | Good point. I'd imagine we could leave it voluntary, and just
           | start the "delayed 2nd dose" policy later.
        
           | JohnicBoom wrote:
           | Just so you don't have the wrong idea, Osterholm's suggestion
           | is that everyone who has already been given the first dose
           | already should get the second dose as planned. Only for new
           | vaccinations should we apply the new plan.
        
       | devinplatt wrote:
       | Naive question: given that there is a sort of pareto distribution
       | in covid vulnerability, and that the vaccine rollout prioritizes
       | vaccinating the most vulnerable first, doesn't it also make some
       | sense to prioritize stronger vaccinations (2 doses of Pfizer or
       | Moderna) for the early recipients of the vaccine?
       | 
       | Increasing the speed of the rollout with delayed second doses or
       | skipping second doses sounds compelling for other reasons, but it
       | does seem like a more complex calculus to me than many articles
       | online want to admit.
        
         | simonh wrote:
         | By delaying the second dose, more of the most vulnerable
         | cohorts can be vaccinated more quickly. By the time you get to
         | vaccinating significantly less vulnerable cohorts with their
         | first dose, you will also be second dosing the most vulnerable
         | cohorts.
         | 
         | So it's not really a case of denying the most vulnerable a
         | second dose in order to give significantly less vulnerable
         | people a first dose.
        
       | JohnHaugeland wrote:
       | Why have we, as a nation, not yet learned to reject pseudo-
       | intellectuals and their false medical knowledge?
       | 
       | This is little better than anti-vaxxing
        
       | stevesimmons wrote:
       | Alex Tabarrok has been arguing in Marginal Revolution for "First
       | Doses First" since mid-December.
       | 
       | Back then, media commentators and the medical establishment
       | objected "But the clinical trials were for two doses".
       | 
       | Sadly, very few people acknowledged that prudence had a very real
       | cost in additional infections, deaths, risk of mutations, slower
       | economic recovery.
       | 
       | The consensus only shifted to "First Doses First" after the
       | faster spreading UK and South African variants emerged, and the
       | risk of inaction became more obvious.
       | 
       | If we step back from Covid-19, this kind of one-sided thinking is
       | all too common in daily life.
       | 
       | We need more training (at school, university, in media debates)
       | that the choice is never "Do A or not".
       | 
       | It is "do A instead of B (and compare the likely costs and
       | benefits of both)". Or "do the first bit of A, learn some more,
       | and do A' or go back to B". Etc.
       | 
       | Real options improve expected outcomes!
        
         | nojito wrote:
         | Advocating first dose first before we got clinical trial data
         | to support it is a gross slap in the face of every potential
         | dose recipient.
        
           | leesalminen wrote:
           | And there's the overly charged language that makes everything
           | worse.
        
             | nojito wrote:
             | Using the general public as guinea pigs is not ethically
             | sound at all.
        
               | leesalminen wrote:
               | Agreed!
        
         | dalbasal wrote:
         | I disagree. Without weighing in on the merits of each strategy
         | too much, I think there is/was a case to be made for each.
         | Also, as you say, consensus did shift. It wasn't a totally
         | fixed mindset. In any case, a decision had to be made. There
         | were always going to be dissidents with a case, regardless of
         | the decision.
         | 
         | I don't think the problem is actually a decision making
         | problem. The 2021 problem is that we're handling disagreements
         | poorly. Whichever decision got made, there would be some
         | dissent.
         | 
         | If you're in a dissident "First Doses First" camp, the other
         | camp is corrupt, pigheaded pseudoscientific bastards that need
         | to go back to school and learn how to think. If/when "the
         | establishment" comes around to your thinking, it's just more
         | proof of this... this article is a case in point.
         | 
         | The establishment side (2 doses, in this case), feels obliged
         | to defend their position, often over defending, making things
         | worse. It quickly devolves into rivalrous rage, both trying to
         | delegitimize the other. Laying piles of bodies at each others'
         | feet. Ad hominems. Accusations of quackery,misinformation and
         | attempts to shut the other up.
         | 
         | You end up here regardless of the decision taken. All roads
         | seem to lead here atm.
         | 
         | >" _This is evidence of what I call magical thinking-an undue
         | focus on the clinical trial design as having incantatory power_
         | "
         | 
         | Sheesh! Magical thinking... Incantatory power? What earns the
         | FDA these insults?
         | 
         | In December, they're rolling out two-shot strategy, conforming
         | to the clinical trial design. There is some reason to think
         | that a one-shot first might work better. The "right" answer is
         | complicated, (a) it depends on unknowns that'd need more
         | clinical trials to learn and (b) it depends even more on
         | execution issues related to vaccinated hundreds of millions of
         | people. Different, hard to quantify risks involved in each
         | strategy.
         | 
         | Two-three months later, they're have a one-shot strategy as
         | well. Presumably, this has been in the works for the entire
         | period.
         | 
         | Meanwhile, Alex makes them out to be witches trying to cure
         | covid with willow bark. It's grossly unfair. Maybe they were
         | wrong and you were right, but _Magical thinking & Incantatory
         | powers..._ that is vitriolic bullshit.
        
           | DiggyJohnson wrote:
           | > I disagree.
           | 
           | I think you and GP have nailed it actually. To use the
           | educational perspective from the top comment, I would want
           | this to be the discussion content for a
           | lesson/section/chapter on the principle of the "existence of
           | candidate decisions" (this is the most dense sentence I've
           | ever written).
        
         | tshaddox wrote:
         | > Sadly, very few people acknowledged that prudence had a very
         | real cost in additional infections, deaths, risk of mutations,
         | slower economic recovery.
         | 
         | > The consensus only shifted to "First Doses First" after the
         | faster spreading UK and South African variants emerged, and the
         | risk of inaction became more obvious.
         | 
         | But isn't this exactly what _should_ happen if we're comparing
         | risks? It seems entirely possible that there was a well-
         | understood risk to giving only 1 shot when the trials were for
         | 2, and that risk was higher than the risk of virus outcomes
         | _before_ the new variants, but then the risk was lower than the
         | risk of virus outcomes _after_ the new variants. I don't know
         | if this was the case, but it seems very plausible and
         | reasonable. Other things could change these relative risks too,
         | like how quickly we have been able to get vaccinations done.
        
         | raverbashing wrote:
         | True. While it is important for the advancement and validation
         | of treatments, Evidence Based Medicine and the quest for
         | "perfect RCTs" has become the new cult for a lot of people
         | 
         | RCTs are a validating procedure, it doesn't mean that people
         | are having zero protection after one dose (of course it is
         | great if we can quantify that and see if it's worth it or not)
         | 
         | As an example, see how for the AZ vaccine the people that got
         | half a dose accidentally at first got (apparently) more
         | protection than from whoever has gotten a first full dose,
         | however, only the full dose was approved (though on the other
         | hand, the J&J vaccine has more virions than the AZ one)
         | 
         | > Sadly, very few people acknowledged that prudence had a very
         | real cost in additional infections, deaths, risk of mutations,
         | slower economic recovery.
         | 
         | Exactly. Now we just need to convince people that maybe, just
         | maybe, it would be a good idea to not have susceptible
         | populations be Vitamin D deficient during a pandemic. You know,
         | just in case.
        
         | fallingknife wrote:
         | We don't need more training in school. That's where this type
         | of procedural, bureaucratic thinking comes from in the first
         | place.
        
           | dragontamer wrote:
           | Procedural bureaucratic thinking happens to be a very
           | effective way at finding concensus.
           | 
           | Make sure everyone speaks their turn, make sure everyone has
           | a voice. That takes bean counting and nitty gritty arguments.
           | No way around that.
           | 
           | Robert's rules suggests that everyone at a meeting gets two
           | chances to speak on any subject, no more. A big issue with
           | today's discussion is that a few powerful and full of
           | themself individuals take up all the oxygen in the room,
           | removing other people's voices from consideration.
           | 
           | Say your point, then one followup later as other points come
           | up. Then your turn is over and other people talk.
        
           | stevesimmons wrote:
           | My point, expressed more fully, is: "teach people to design
           | projects with measurable outcomes versus the status quo;
           | calculate an NPV to make your implicit assumptions and biases
           | explicit; look for ways to restructure your project plan into
           | intermediate goals where you can reassess your strategy (aka
           | "real options"). And your projects will, on average, cost
           | less and be more successful." My meta-point is: these are
           | useful skills that can and should be taught more widely.
           | 
           | Your argument is essentially "No", is it not?
           | 
           | I'm not sure how that helps improve the situation.
        
             | dalbasal wrote:
             | This is basically the primary curriculum of current
             | management training. The more people "train" in it, the
             | more we get to a stupid "ruled by metrics" world.
             | 
             | IRL, you can't actually be scientific outside of certain
             | cases. Bad/fake science can be worse than no science. Fake
             | objectivity is usually worse than subjectivity. The whole
             | things gets bogged down into "searching under the
             | streetlamp" problems.
             | 
             | If you can find a problem that fits the solution you (+
             | most bogus management consultants of the last 10 years) are
             | advocating, it'll work. Mostly, it gets bolted on to
             | whatever people are doing as an additional layer of
             | bullshit. Nonsense analytics + politics.
        
       | throwawaysea wrote:
       | As an aside, I feel like suggesting this on social media will
       | likely get you banned or in the least, you would have your posts
       | labeled with a warning, and have to endure attacks from others
       | for "not trusting the experts". First doses first, and I would
       | argue first doses as fast as possible (not having various
       | "equity" focused schemes slowing things down), are very logical
       | stances to hold. In the least, they are reasonable to bring to a
       | societal discussion. The fact that we can't openly talk about
       | such ideas with friends, coworkers, or broader society is sad.
        
       | kcartlidge wrote:
       | Way back when, I wasn't convinced about our (UK) vaccination
       | stance; from the start of the rollout it has been first doses -
       | with the gap for the second set at 12 weeks.
       | 
       | The British Medical Association said it was wrong, and there was
       | international condemnation. Now the WHO have endorsed an 8 to 12
       | week gap. They've also recommended the AZ jab for all age groups
       | over 18, despite French and German comments otherwise (I'm not
       | anti either, I'm a remainer and respect both, but their
       | politician's uninformed comments denigrating the AZ jab were
       | downright dangerous, and the EU is now sitting on unused doses of
       | it).
       | 
       | I don't know whether we've rather unexpectedly got something
       | right in this sorry mess, or just had a very lucky break.
       | 
       |  _Edit: I 'm in the first-doses camp, but not first-doses-first,
       | as the UK is doing two doses in parallel but with an extended gap
       | so a larger volume of first doses go out 'quickly' but people
       | aren't just left with the one. Feels like a good compromise to
       | me._
       | 
       | I also have to say, despite the fact that it is absolutely
       | nothing to do with me, it does feel quite good that the Oxford
       | jab is by far the cheapest and also being manufactured by third
       | parties across the world at pretty much cost. They done well.
        
       | taxicabjesus wrote:
       | I try to read all perspectives. I appreciate that a lot of people
       | believe vaccination is the only way out of the pandemic, but I
       | think it's a mistake to put 'all the eggs in one basket. I
       | haven't noticed much in the way of efforts to help people become
       | healthier so they can have mild cases of COVID-19, COVID-21,
       | COVID-23, etc.
       | 
       | Furthermore, why are the medical industry wasting vaccine supply
       | on people who are already immune due to surviving their
       | infection? If a person loses antibodies after 6 months from a
       | natural infection, why would they be expected to have antibodies
       | for longer from a vaccine?
       | 
       | I haven't noticed many attempts to rationalize vaccinating people
       | who've already had a case of the SARS-CoV-2. The CDC says "Yes,
       | you should be vaccinated regardless of whether you already had
       | COVID-19. That's because experts do not yet know how long you are
       | protected from getting sick again after recovering from
       | COVID-19." [0] But that's just "trust us we're experts."
       | 
       | [0]
       | https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/facts.htm...
       | 
       | This week I learned my hair stylist had a mild case in January.
       | She diligently wears her mask, but was not protected from getting
       | exposed to her symptomatic co-worker. She was symptomatic herself
       | for 5 days, and recovered without getting too sick. (Her husband
       | was not so lucky, but survived his hospitalization.) She said
       | she's waiting patiently until she too can get vaccinated.
       | 
       | My uncle got himself hospitalized in December 2020 or January
       | 2021. He recovered, but just got vaccinated anyways, even though
       | he certainly still had the antibodies. My brother said our uncle
       | was attesting to his faith in in the vaccine - I think the
       | technical term is "virtue signaling". I think my uncle ought to
       | know better than to use vaccines recreationally.
       | 
       | My brother and his wife both had SARS-CoV-2... He was rather sick
       | for a week or two. She was asymptomatic, but tested positive for
       | antibodies. They both got vaccinated, 7 months after their
       | illness/exposure. My brother was presumably coerced by his
       | workplace, she was probably virtue signaling too.
       | 
       | SARS-CoV-1 burned out after two years. Why would this version be
       | any different?
       | 
       | Is not vaccinating people who've already recovered from SARS-
       | CoV-2 the smarter approach to achieving population immunity?
        
         | Majromax wrote:
         | > Furthermore, why are the medical industry wasting vaccine
         | supply on people who are already immune due to surviving their
         | infection?
         | 
         | Suppose you're running a vaccine clinic. It's infinitely easier
         | to check prospective patients for their bare demographic facts
         | -- age, residence status, etc -- than it is to first administer
         | an antibody test to see if they qualify for the vaccine.
         | 
         | At best, you'd stretch supplies by 1/(1-seroprevalence), so
         | maybe 30-40%. But in turn, you'd need to take multiple steps to
         | verify patients, and you'd likely lose some along the way who
         | would otherwise qualify (just from the hassle or multiple
         | contacts).
        
         | manwe150 wrote:
         | I think you're being downvoted since you are rhetorically
         | asking questions people have already beat to death. The main
         | two answers being (a) each virus behaves differently, so
         | extrapolation should be done carefully, and not just from your
         | personal experience with surviving past flu's (b) there isn't a
         | limit on how much vaccine we can produce in total, so there
         | isn't really a good reason not to get it. That's perhaps like
         | saying the flu vaccine is only half effective (which is true),
         | so I'd rather get sick twice as often, rather than signal that
         | I trust science.
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | the mRNA vaccines give the body a blueprint for antibodies,
         | whereas actual exposure has the body creating non-uniform
         | reactions. so that means prior exposed people should "use
         | vaccines recreationally", as in "have a medical professional
         | administer the dosages after an appointment".
         | 
         | the singleshot vaccines are not mRNA based and just help
         | jumpstart coverage. the only goal now is coverage, and these
         | increase the delta week over week of how fast and how far that
         | coverage is. it will allow municipalities to rationalized re-
         | opening all services sooner, by simply having a record of how
         | much of the population has been addressed.
         | 
         | there are many people and organizations and medical
         | professionals making efforts to help people become healthier.
         | many people are trying to find specific links and everything
         | they have right now is _much worse_ than  "trust us we're
         | experts" because people don't know. fortunately there is a
         | large audience that would prefer certain messaging to come from
         | anybody _but_ an expert, know anybody like that? so take all
         | the supplements and stay active, because it can 't hurt right?
         | all the correlations support it. that's the exact approach
         | regarding the vaccines too, there is no use of any of the
         | approved vaccines worldwide that is worse than contracting
         | covid, even asymptomatic covid. if you are of the predilection
         | that taking vaccines is the same as candy flipping then it
         | should be obvious that will guide your thoughts, the goal of
         | the heads of state is to get enough vaccines available as soon
         | as possible, and that's what they are doing.
        
       | carbocation wrote:
       | If your "normal times" scientific standards need to change for an
       | emergency, then they were never appropriate to begin with.
       | 
       | But here, I do think the scientific standards are OK. What should
       | be changed in an emergency is not scientific rigor, but the
       | amount of resource that we are willing to spend on the problem
       | with an expectation of waste.
       | 
       | With that mindset, throwing money at the problem to fund trials
       | that address a wide range of questions (e.g., 1 vs 2 doses of
       | Pfizer/Moderna, 2 vs 4 vs 6 weeks for booster timing, etc) would
       | have been the way to go.
        
       | kevinmchugh wrote:
       | Note that the link takes you to the comments. Scroll up for
       | context.
        
       | ketamine__ wrote:
       | > My view is that it would be good if the J&J vaccine was
       | followed by a booster-perhaps of some other vaccine-but that it's
       | individually fine and in fact socially beneficial to get more
       | people protected quickly by delaying the booster for at least 12
       | weeks to when vaccines are less scarce. I don't currently see a
       | reason for thinking differently about the Pfizer and Moderna
       | vaccines.
       | 
       | Not an expert, not a researcher, but an economist...
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | monkeypizza wrote:
         | What is the relationship of his credentials to his logical
         | argument? By arguing from credentials you implicitly take the
         | side of the status quo in history; you'd have been arguing
         | against every overturning of conventional wisdom.
         | 
         | I'm not saying all rejection of convention is correct,
         | obviously - but if you look at the specifics of the argument,
         | not the status or credentials of the arguer, it seems more
         | likely to come to a correct judgement.
        
         | notatoad wrote:
         | Regardless of his qualifications, his point is interesting: J&J
         | seems to be about as effective as a single dose of Pfizer.
         | There was a whole bunch of worry about what would happen if
         | people got only one of their two Pfizer doses.
         | 
         | Was that worry all for nothing? Was it backed up by any
         | science? If there was legitimate reason for concern, why do we
         | not have the same concern around the j&j vaccine?
         | 
         | (I'm not trying to advocate any of these points. I'm even less
         | qualified than an economist. But they seem like legitimate
         | questions)
        
           | nicoburns wrote:
           | > Was that worry all for nothing? Was it backed up by any
           | science? If there was legitimate reason for concern.
           | 
           | I believe it was because of a lack of evidence either way.
           | The Pfizer trials were two doses. So we didn't know for sure
           | how well one would work. The decision to only do one was made
           | on the basis that this works well for most (but not all)
           | vaccines. It is now known that it indeed works for the Pfizer
           | vaccine, and so it seems to have been a good decision. The
           | concern was that it would not and would set the vaccination
           | programme back by months.
           | 
           | > Why do we not have the same concern around the j&j vaccine?
           | 
           | I'm not sure, but I suspect the J&J vaccine was trialed as
           | one dose from the outset.
        
           | Rapzid wrote:
           | > Regardless of his qualifications, his point is interesting:
           | J&J seems to be about as effective as a single dose of
           | Pfizer.
           | 
           | The most compelling J&J number is, IMHO, the 100% efficacy at
           | preventing hospitalizations and deaths. Is a single shot of
           | the double-shot vaccines that effective? AFAIK that study was
           | never run..
        
         | monkeypizza wrote:
         | Other related posts including quotes from supporting experts:
         | https://marginalrevolution.com/?s=first+doses+first
         | 
         | This is more about looking at the ability of our systems to
         | change their response in emergencies; why are obvious things so
         | hard to do, when they both fully make sense, and are supported
         | by an interested group of experts, against a larger but less
         | interested group of conventional, rule-following experts?
        
       | Majromax wrote:
       | > This is evidence of what I call magical thinking-an undue focus
       | on the clinical trial design as having incantatory power.
       | 
       | This isn't complicated. Once we have clinical trial evidence, the
       | protocols tested form the _standard of care_.
       | 
       | With no standards of care (i.e. no tested vaccine, here), then we
       | can only guess about what might be better than nothing. It's fair
       | to make that decision on a balance of probabilities -- try
       | something if it's 51% likely to help (absent negative side-
       | effects, anyway).
       | 
       | But once we have such a standard, the very deliberate
       | conservatism of our medical science means we need compelling
       | evidence before supplanting it. I think it's very likely that a
       | single dose of Pfizer/Moderna is adequately protective in the
       | medium term (weeks to months), but this was not fully tested.
       | It's not appropriate to start experimenting on the general
       | population based on a hunch.
       | 
       | This community is IT-centric, so think of it like experimenting
       | on a production system. Even if you are 80% sure that something's
       | likely to work out, the risk of failure is so catastrophically
       | high that _you don 't do it_ when any other option is open to
       | you.
        
         | monkeypizza wrote:
         | > It's not appropriate to start experimenting on the general
         | population based on a hunch.
         | 
         | By varying the parameters of the situation, could you be
         | induced to change your view? i.e. vary CFR up to 1%, 10%, 50% -
         | given that you acknowledge that the natural experiments we are
         | observing from single-dose administration suggest most of the
         | immunity granted by a vaccine is in the first dose - at what
         | point do you budge?
         | 
         | If you admit that for a 50% CFR, you would not insist on
         | following the established standard of care, then the question
         | is where is the border for you, where your recommendation
         | flips, and you consider early end to quarantine, reduced life
         | loss, to be worth moral hazard of ad-hoc decisions, or not
         | following the standard of care would bring?
        
           | dalbasal wrote:
           | Here's the thing... they _did_ budge. Alex is so caught up in
           | dunking on the FDA that you might miss the fact they just
           | approved a one-shot... within days of hsi last article
           | dunking on them for not doing it.
           | 
           | Presumably, that approach was being studied all along (in the
           | three months that it's even been a decision.
           | 
           | Everyone assumes the FDA are being rigid and bureaucratic
           | regardless of what they actually do. How do you write an
           | article ripping them for magical thinking as they do the
           | thing you're saying they should do? The fact that the FDA
           | didn't pull a u-turn on the same day a"maybe this" thought
           | occurs to a welfare economics professor is enough to accuse
           | them of negligence every week.
           | 
           | Now, it doesn't even seem like even doing what he thinks they
           | should do is enough. They're still caught up in "magical
           | thinking." What for, giving any weight to clinical trial
           | design at all.
        
             | monkeypizza wrote:
             | Sure, Alex should update his criticism, but it's still
             | valid to look back at why it took this long; First Doses
             | First has been out for a while - it's been 2 months since,
             | for example, Tony Blair publicly advocated for it.
             | 
             | I think the gains we would get from even a single day
             | earlier application of First Doses First probably outweighs
             | the pain caused to the FDA by Alex criticizing them.
             | 
             | https://www.businessinsider.com/blair-one-
             | covid-19-vaccine-s...
        
           | Majromax wrote:
           | > at what point do you budge?
           | 
           | Around the same time that you dispense with phase 3 trials
           | entirely. It was more likely than not that the Pfizer/Moderna
           | vaccines were effective by the time they'd completed phase 2
           | studies. If that is our standard, then we ought to have begun
           | vaccinating at-risk individuals on a volunteer basis then --
           | in Fall of 2020.
           | 
           | To me, it's inconsistent to both say we need a full phase 3
           | clinical trial to grant authorization to a vaccine, but then
           | to ignore the protocol of that phase 3 trial when
           | distributing it.
        
         | baggy_trough wrote:
         | The deliberate conservatism of medical science may be
         | appropriate in "peacetime", but it is murderous in "wartime" (a
         | pandemic).
        
           | ridaj wrote:
           | The "what have you got to lose" approach doesn't have a great
           | track record either... Even wartime medics take time to
           | disinfect their tools
        
             | baggy_trough wrote:
             | Certainly one could go too far in either direction, but
             | there's little doubt we are too far in the status quo /
             | conservative direction at the moment.
        
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