[HN Gopher] The U.S. Air Force just admitted the F-35 stealth fi...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The U.S. Air Force just admitted the F-35 stealth fighter has
       failed
        
       Author : dlcmh
       Score  : 342 points
       Date   : 2021-02-24 15:41 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.forbes.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.forbes.com)
        
       | naebother wrote:
       | Maybe the real treasure was the jobs we made along the way.
        
       | m00dy wrote:
       | Turkey got kicked out of this programme. It can't be a
       | coincidence right ?
        
       | Pxtl wrote:
       | Obvious. Radar invisibility is justifiably valuable to the air
       | force, but it's also almost-prohibitively-expensive.
       | 
       | It's not even a cost-benefit thing, because the benefit is
       | there... But you don't want that cost on _every_ plane.
       | 
       | Tim Krieder said it best: "we have radar-invisible planes and our
       | enemies don't have radar".
       | 
       | For the Al Qaedas and Isises of the world that the US seems to
       | fight so much, the F-35 is absurdly overspecced.
        
       | decafninja wrote:
       | My armchair general understanding is that the requirement of the
       | F-35B variant is responsible for a whale sized portion of the
       | F-35's woes?
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | > My armchair general understanding is that the requirement of
         | the F-35B variant is responsible for a whale sized portion of
         | the F-35's woes?
         | 
         | The desire for commonality between the A/B/C variants
         | (notionally to reduce cost) is the big driver, but the B
         | (STOVL) variant probably has the most difficult individual
         | requirements.
        
       | t_minus_3 wrote:
       | They should be congratulated and promoted. Failing is courageous
       | - you can move to next better thing from the learnings. F36 ???
        
       | exar0815 wrote:
       | It's quite simple. The successfull military programs are the ones
       | building one thing to do one thing well. A-10, F-16, B-52. The
       | Programs wanting to do everything in one System fail. F-35,
       | Zumwalt, Eurofighter.
        
         | HalfANut wrote:
         | I'm so glad you named these specific models/platforms. Thank
         | you for your half-nut, as went with everyone else. Best post on
         | Hacker News. Totally agreed.
        
         | openasocket wrote:
         | I'm not sure how the F-16 is an example of "building one thing
         | to do one thing well," it's a great example of a multi-role
         | fighter. Almost all combat aircraft developed in the last 30
         | years are multi-role aircraft too. And by what metric the
         | Eurofighter is a failure?
        
         | hef19898 wrote:
         | I wouldn't pu the Eurofighte rin there. It is working just fine
         | for the Brits and others. And is still a rather capable
         | fighter, even if more dedocated strike aircraft, e.g. Tornado
         | or a strike eagle, are slightly better in these roles.
        
         | samstave wrote:
         | Two of my favorite craft in there - B52 and A-10 are two of the
         | best aircraft ever made...
         | 
         | Its just sad how the B52 was abused by the CIA in LAOS.
         | 
         | The A-10 is just a robust vehicle, hence the namesake Wharthog
        
       | wintorez wrote:
       | Over-engineering always fails.
        
       | cdiamand wrote:
       | I think I read that this generation of fighter requires a lot of
       | rare earth materials?
       | 
       | I wonder, in light of a shifting geopolitical situation, if the
       | next generation of fighter might be a stab at something the west
       | can build completely independently on it's own materials?
        
       | Aunche wrote:
       | Is there any benefit for a multi-role fighter to have stealth? It
       | seems like any applications where stealth is important, you might
       | as well have a specialized air-superiority fighter.
        
         | solidsnack9000 wrote:
         | The risks to CAS aircraft and fighter-bombers from SAMs and AA
         | are actually significant enough to warrant stealth/low-
         | signature technology.
        
         | greedo wrote:
         | Every aircraft can benefit from stealth. Stealth helps to
         | protect you not just from other fighters, but from SAMs etc.
        
           | Aunche wrote:
           | That's a good point about the usefulness of stealth in
           | general, but I don't think that applies for multi-role
           | fighters. From what I understand, the main benefit of multi-
           | role fighters is one of cost. You don't need to pay for a
           | bunch of specialized planes during peacetime. The trade off
           | is that they're not particularly great at anything, but that
           | doesn't matter when your enemy is much weaker than you. In
           | the F-35's case, stealth completely cancels out any cost-
           | benefit of being multi-role.
        
             | greedo wrote:
             | 1) Almost every fighter is now "multi-role." So the word
             | really doesn't add any meaning.
             | 
             | 2) Stealth is now table stakes for fighting a peer or near
             | peer opponent. Modern A2AD systems are extremely difficult
             | for non-stealth fighters and bombers to counter. Sure, you
             | can soften them up with Tomahawks, but even those are
             | starting to be less effective. (which is why the US has
             | been developing JAASM and LRASM).
             | 
             | 3) While stealth does add costs, especially in maintenance
             | routines, compared to software and systems costs, it's not
             | as significant. And stealth generally doesn't affect
             | performance; the F-35 is an excellent aircraft in terms of
             | range and maneuverability, as is the F-22, the Chinese J-20
             | and FC-31.
        
       | breck wrote:
       | Experience is what you get when you don't get what you want. I
       | wouldn't call this a failure by any means. Failure would be to
       | stop pivoting/adjusting.
        
       | zests wrote:
       | Where's the quote from the Air Force saying the F-35 failed?
       | There is none. As far as I can tell this article is just
       | misrepresenting a quote to push a narrative.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Maximus9000 wrote:
         | I cannot find any other sources on this topic.
        
         | peeters wrote:
         | It's an inference. The author is saying that because the Air
         | Force is pursuing a _new_ plane with the same fundamental goals
         | that launched the F-35 program, then the F-35 evidently failed
         | to deliver. He 's saying they're really just asking for a do-
         | over.
         | 
         | > Instead of ordering fresh F-16s, he said, the Air Force
         | should initiate a "clean-sheet design" for a new low-end
         | fighter. Brown's comments are a _tacit_ admission that the F-35
         | has failed.
         | 
         | (Emphasis mine. Tacit means "implied without being stated".)
        
         | merpnderp wrote:
         | I took his quotes about how the F-35 is now a high end boutique
         | plane instead of the replacement for everything. The Air Force
         | changed the F-35's designation, which the author takes as a
         | tacit admission of failure. How else would you read the Air
         | Force's statement? "That plane that was supposed to replace all
         | our planes will only replace a few of our planes. We need a new
         | plane to replace all the rest."
        
           | greedo wrote:
           | Shocked that a project that started out in 1993 would change
           | goals? That requirements would change as both the
           | political/military environment as well as technology changed?
           | It's like saying the B-1 bomber was a failure because we're
           | sending them to the boneyard.
           | 
           | And this is not to mention that the Air Force ALWAYS wants
           | something new and shiny.
        
         | greedo wrote:
         | David Axe (the Forbes author) has been gunning for this
         | aircraft for years. This article is junk.
        
       | zabzonk wrote:
       | And from the UK's perspective, this useless aircraft has also
       | driven the production of two useless aircraft carriers.
        
       | mikece wrote:
       | To quote Pierre Spray, one of the "Fighter Mafia" who had a hand
       | in the design of the F-15 and drove the design of the F-16, the
       | F-35 has been a massive success. What's not asked is "What is the
       | mission of the F-35?" and in Spray's opinion the mission of the
       | F-35 has been to drive funding to Lockheed.
        
         | thereddaikon wrote:
         | Pierre Spray is also a luddite who vehemently rejects the
         | concept of a multirole fighter. The F-16 he advocated for is
         | not anywhere close to the actual F-16. If it were up to him the
         | USAF fighter force would consist of low tech pure dogfighters
         | that didn't have radars or long range missiles. To him the F-5
         | is the pinnacle of fighter technology.
         | 
         | His and the rest of the fighter mafia's extreme views are not
         | popular within the defense community.
        
           | mikece wrote:
           | Preferring a fighter that doesn't rely on electronics isn't
           | the same as being a luddite. Also, the state of electronics
           | since the early/mid 70s has changed significantly:
           | specifically they have become much lighter, compact, and
           | reliable (none of the three were true when 45 years ago).
           | 
           | The main design driver shaping the F-16 was Boyd's energy-
           | maneuverability theory. A major criticism of Sprey is that
           | the F-15, which was crap according to Boyd's math is
           | undefeated in combat. This is true but it also hasn't gone up
           | against the best opposition in the world either. Boyd, Sprey,
           | and the rest of the Fighter Mafia have been hated for decades
           | in the Pentagon but history is showing that their predictions
           | are accurate. One thing which is too classified to know at
           | the moment is whether advances in missile technology have
           | finally gotten to the point where electronics and firing
           | first matter more than the ACM abilities of the pilot and the
           | airframe to which they are strapped.
           | 
           | Either way, dismissing Spray as a luddite is an incorrect
           | statement.
        
       | ElMono wrote:
       | I would guess that the NGAD prototype[0] has given USAF
       | leadership confidence to publicly alude to F-35 shortcomings.
       | 
       | [0]
       | https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/aviation/a34030586...
        
         | greedo wrote:
         | Well, if USAF want a "cheaper 5th minus" fighter, the NGAD is
         | going almost the opposite direction.
        
         | digi59404 wrote:
         | The NGAD Prototype is built upon some of the technology that
         | the F-35 pioneered. The F-35 now is and has been used as an
         | airframe to test more advanced technologies. Like distributed
         | computing and autonomous technologies.
         | 
         | So, it's reasonable to say that NGAD may not be possible if it
         | weren't for the F-35. I'd argue this is less about the F-35's
         | shortcomings and more about the fact that we're seeing a
         | dramatic change in air war-machine design, development, and
         | theory.
         | 
         | In defense news below, you can see them speak (in meta) about
         | how the NGAD Prototype was built. Some of those things were
         | pioneered on the F-35.
         | 
         | https://www.defensenews.com/breaking-news/2020/09/15/the-us-...
        
           | CharlesW wrote:
           | Having also seen your comments elsewhere this thread, I'm
           | wondering: Did you have a personal stake in the F-35?
           | 
           | "Failed" things nearly always embody good and great ideas
           | that go on to be used in successful things. For example, the
           | Newton was clearly a failure, and yet there are echos of it
           | all over today's phones and tablets.
        
           | samstave wrote:
           | >*Like distributed computing and autonomous technologies.*
           | 
           | Can you expound on this? Why is distributed computing neeeded
           | - is it simply such that "if hit in this location, there are
           | backups that can handle the load?"
           | 
           | For autonomous, what relief does this bring to the pilot?
           | Targeting? Nav? Trim?
        
       | gumby wrote:
       | Why order more F-16s and miss out on all the rich contracting and
       | design deal flow?
       | 
       | Plus because the length of development is longer than pharma's,
       | nobody involved in kicking off the project will be around to deal
       | with the deployment problems.
       | 
       | Make hay while the sun shines.
        
         | nindalf wrote:
         | The F-16 was introduced in 1978 and no new F-16s have been
         | purchased since 2001. Are you suggesting that they don't want
         | new F-16s in 2021 because ... they want to make money? Isn't
         | the simpler explanation that maybe a 42-year old design is out
         | of date?
        
           | tandr wrote:
           | B52 is even older, and still kicking (I think...)
        
             | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
             | They're planning to retire it after 95 years of service.
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | > Are you suggesting [...] they want to make money? Isn't the
           | simpler explanation that maybe a 42-year old design is out of
           | date?
           | 
           | I'm sorry I was too pithy. To answer your second question
           | first:
           | 
           | Old aircraft are not inherently bad. The most famous case is
           | the B-52, already in its sixties and when the current round
           | of refurbishment completes (if it hasn't already) should
           | continue fighting with airframes over a century old. The A-10
           | Thunderbolt (Warthog) is still in service despite many
           | attempts to kill it as there is no replacement.
           | 
           | (Old aircraft aren't inherently good either; even the
           | Harrier, despite being heavily used and not really having a
           | replacement, eventually became too expensive to maintain)
           | 
           | The F-16 was brought up specifically in the article; the
           | claim was that it is too difficult to upgrade its
           | electronics, not that the airframe or engine were obsolete.
           | Indeed the specific use case a new plane is being considered
           | for is the kind of thing where an older, airworthy craft
           | would be better (the station wagon vs Ferrari example from
           | the article).
           | 
           | So for your first question, money: yes I am explicitly
           | suggesting that. Without getting into the politics of
           | consolidation in the US arms industry, since the B-1, weapons
           | production has been structured in part as a jobs program (The
           | B-1 was the first weapons system to explicitly have had its
           | supply chain structured to have parts made in 100% of all
           | congressional districts) while the purchasing procedures are
           | so complex that they require ex military on the private
           | sector side just to make them viable. That revolving door is
           | not subject to any lobbying rules and is, TBH the only real
           | retirement plan for senior officers below three star rank.
           | And of course spending money on arms is always popular with
           | the voters, as part of the "support the troops" slogan, even
           | though the actual troopers, humans, get low pay, mixed-
           | quality post-service health care (some amazingly excellent,
           | other terrible) and are not protected against the
           | depredations any number of predatory corporations while in
           | the service. Oh, but that shiny gear shows off as well in the
           | USA as it does in norks.
           | 
           | To be more charitable, generals and admirals also always want
           | to push for the new and shiny because that's how they
           | demonstrate status, in war and especially in peacetime. This
           | is a social factor in all groups, this is merely how it
           | manifests in military hierarchies world wide. Doesn't mean
           | it's an effective use of funds nor that it necessarily
           | improves warfighting (much less prevents it).
        
       | ktln2 wrote:
       | F-35 is not expensive if you consider the alternatives:
       | 
       | Brazil bought 36 JAS-39E for $5.8 billion. [1]
       | 
       | Taiwan ordered 66 F-16V for $8.1 billion. [2]
       | 
       | Korea is going to get 20 F-35A for $3.3 billion. [3]
       | 
       | [1] https://www.flightglobal.com/saab-brazil-finalise-gripen-
       | ng-...
       | 
       | [2]
       | https://nationalinterest.org/feature/taiwans-f-16v-fighter-j...
       | 
       | [3] https://www.defensenews.com/global/asia-
       | pacific/2019/10/10/s...
        
         | Synaesthesia wrote:
         | Militarism is a colossal waste of taxpayer money.
        
           | some_random wrote:
           | Well, that's not really what's being discussed here.
        
           | filoleg wrote:
           | Not when you have a few adversarial nation-states around the
           | corner that do not consider it a waste of taxpayer money.
        
             | hctaw wrote:
             | A $10 billion investment in anti aircraft missiles that
             | forces a $100 billion investment in aircraft instead of
             | schools and semiconductor fabs is great ROI for an
             | adversarial nation state that knows their government would
             | be wiped off the face of the planet if they ever decided to
             | use them.
        
               | ktln2 wrote:
               | Modern AA missile systems are also very expensive - a
               | S-400 battery cost you $500 million. [1]
               | 
               | [1] https://www.cnbc.com/2018/11/19/russia-lures-buyers-
               | as-s-400...
        
             | nickik wrote:
             | Nukes and rockets exist.
        
           | ktln2 wrote:
           | For many countries they have no choice - you either spend the
           | money on Military or you get invaded by Russia/China/North
           | Korea.
        
         | hadlock wrote:
         | Buying weapons from your global security partners is part of a
         | larger geopolitical picture/strategy. The cost is almost
         | secondary. Look at who the US sells weapons to, what countries
         | are banned by us weapons export ban laws. Look at who Russia
         | sells weapons to. There is not a whole lot of overlap between
         | the two countries.
         | 
         | Posting countries and dollar figures is part of the picture,
         | but does not tell the whole story.
        
           | hef19898 wrote:
           | And when there is an overlap, people freak out. Just take
           | Turkey as an example. They almost got kcked out of the F-35
           | program after buying Russion air defence systems. The US
           | feared the Russians could learn too much about the F-35.
        
         | openasocket wrote:
         | Keep in mind that it's very difficult to compare prices like
         | this, because you're buying a lot more than just the aircraft.
         | There's spare parts, maintenance equipment, and simulators. The
         | prices are also going to vary based on the procurement
         | schedule: ordering 12 planes to arrive in the next 6 months is
         | going to be more expensive than requesting one plane arrive
         | each month for the next year. Countries also try to include
         | some sort of technology sharing or shared production deals,
         | where the company agrees to build some of the parts or
         | components in the host country. This is often done to benefit
         | the country's domestic arms industry (NB: this isn't
         | necessarily nefarious, there are plenty of benefits to having a
         | good domestic arms industry. It means your weapons and
         | components are made locally, so they can't be intercepted in a
         | time of war and your enemy can't use diplomacy to cut you off
         | from your supplier. And other countries tend to have export
         | restrictions, so that the top-of-the-line equipment their
         | companies make won't be available to others.)
        
         | mikece wrote:
         | Someone else mentioned a few of the costs not taken into
         | account, such as the Navy needing to spend money they didn't
         | initially plan on spending so the heat of the F-35B doesn't
         | damage the flight deck of the amphib ships. Those had been
         | built to expect the heat of the A/V-8B which is significantly
         | less than what comes out of the tailpipe of the F-35.
        
         | protastus wrote:
         | Brazil's purchase from Saab includes technology transfer.
         | 
         | The United States bid on this contract with the F/A-18E. I
         | can't imagine the U.S. approving the sale of F-35 technology to
         | Brazil at any reasonable price.
        
       | bootlooped wrote:
       | The funniest anecdote about the F-35 I like to tell is this: the
       | Air Force decided the F-22 was too expensive, they needed
       | something cheaper, so they made the F-35. The F-35 ended up being
       | the most expensive weapons program in human history.
       | 
       | Now, I understand that is oversimplifying things, bending the
       | truth a little, and omitting crucial details... but it's not
       | _that_ wrong.
        
       | OliverJones wrote:
       | Well, $100M for a device intended to be shot at!
       | 
       | A device that's faster and slicker than everything else. That has
       | a version that can fly vertically.
       | 
       | If you're in the sf bay area, go take a tour of the SS Jeremiah
       | O'Brien when things reopen. It's a WWII Liberty Ship freighter.
       | They built well over 2000 of these things, fast, and cheap, to
       | haul military stuff from continent to continent. They had to be
       | fast to build: many were needed. They had to be reasonably cheap:
       | the enemy sank many of them.
       | 
       | And, look at the design of this here Hacker News web app.
       | Functional. High capacity. Simple.
       | 
       | Why can't US weapons factories build stuff like liberty ships and
       | simple web sites, that work and are serviceable?
       | 
       | Too many committees? Too many senators? Unwillingness to tell
       | some branch of the service (the Marines) to use helicopters?
       | Another branch (the Navy's aircraft-carrier service) to use
       | purpose-built planes?
       | 
       | I wonder if engineering and business schools should reintroduce
       | this thing I was taught in college. "Any clod can build something
       | heavy for a dollar. It takes skill and dedication to build
       | something light for a quarter."
       | 
       | Grumble.
        
         | thu2111 wrote:
         | Arguably it is the wrong strategy, especially if the unspoken
         | possibility of war with China becomes a spoken one. The USA has
         | an edge in raw technological prowess. The F-35 plays to that
         | strength, with tons of advanced technology that took a long
         | time to master and develop. Setting up factories that can churn
         | out cheap planes en-masse is certainly possible and if the USA
         | found itself in a war of attrition it'd probably do that
         | surprisingly fast. But why get into such a situation, in which
         | the US would have no real advantage and perhaps some
         | disadvantages, when it can compete on pure tech and build one
         | plane that can take out many of the opponents cheap planes?
        
       | rayhendricks wrote:
       | It did not fail at providing money to the military-industrial-
       | congressional complex. But of course we need more fighter jets
       | instead of Medicare for all and UBI.
       | 
       | China is not going to send fighters over to Bomb the us mainland,
       | this thing is totally unnecessary.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | mohaine wrote:
         | How are you sure someone isn't `going to send fighters over to
         | Bomb the us mainland`?
         | 
         | I'm pretty sure no one is going to do that and yes we way
         | overspend on the MIC but really sending militaries over to
         | other countries was the status quo for almost as long as
         | countries have existed.
         | 
         | There is no real reason to expect that will not happen again
         | just because we are going on 80 years since anyone made a
         | serious effort to do it. You could also argue that it has been
         | 80 years because it was made so expensive to wage war that
         | money/resources is no longer a reason to do it. There just
         | isn't an ROI.
        
           | jboog wrote:
           | The US and NATO is so far ahead of China and Russia in the
           | conventional fight it's comical.
           | 
           | No one outside of the US or its allies even has a blue-water
           | Navy. China has ONE carrier and it's a pile of shit compared
           | to what we have. We have 11 super carriers, add in the
           | smaller ones and we have another 40 or so. That's not even
           | counting the rest of NATO.
           | 
           | Let's not even get into to the backwater that is the PRC's
           | air force.
           | 
           | Yeah they have 1.3 billion people. Big deal. How exactly do
           | they get them over here?
           | 
           | Nuclear war, now that's a different story but having another
           | cool bleeding-edge fighter jet isn't going to stop a full
           | scale nuclear conflict. China and Russia have enough nukes
           | they all might not make it to the continental US but it's
           | enough to destroy us. We can certainly do the same. The basic
           | game theory of MAD hasn't changed much in the past few
           | decades.
        
             | hef19898 wrote:
             | There are multiple account of carriers being "sunk" during
             | excersices by non-nuclear subs. Numbers still matter, and
             | while the Russians and Chinese are't he best in force
             | projection, the Chinese not yet, neither one is to be
             | triffeled with in their backyards.
        
               | jboog wrote:
               | I'm not saying China can't sink a carrier or two.
               | 
               | What I am saying is that if they do we have a backup of
               | about 40-50 more. And that's not even counting Nato.
               | 
               | Or the fact that hundreds of other ships and subs led by
               | Navy folks that are far better trained and with better
               | equipment than anything China or Russia could ever hope
               | to compete with in the next 15-20 years at best.
               | 
               | My point isn't that China can't give us a bloody nose or
               | two, it's just that they are so far behind the NATO
               | force's militaries that we don't need to waste another
               | few trillion on the latest greatest tech.
        
           | michaelt wrote:
           | If the American establishment thought there was any chance of
           | attack by Chinese fighters, they wouldn't have built a shitty
           | plane as a jobs program.
        
           | andys627 wrote:
           | It's unlikely enough that we should spend this money on
           | Medicare for All, climate change, etc. We already have a
           | gillion fighter jets too...
        
         | missedthecue wrote:
         | The total costs to keep all F-35s in the air until 2070 (likely
         | after you and I are dead and in the ground), would not even
         | cover 6 months of Medicare for all or UBI. Not sure how you can
         | draw such an equivalence.
        
           | thanatosmin wrote:
           | Just the acquisition costs would cover the entire NIH budget
           | for a decade, though.
        
             | missedthecue wrote:
             | That wasn't the comparison being made
        
           | lakecresva wrote:
           | How are you calculating the cost of medicare for all?
        
             | missedthecue wrote:
             | I just took Bernie Sander's estimate, which looks like it
             | comes from Yale. His website says $4.7 Trillion per year.
             | But you can really take any estimate out there, and it
             | wouldn't change my point.
             | 
             | https://berniesanders.com/issues/how-does-bernie-pay-his-
             | maj...
        
         | cwhiz wrote:
         | You could take the entire defense budget, and the defense
         | budget from every other country in the world, and you would be
         | less than 50% of the funding you would need for a single year
         | of Medicare for all. The US spends about $3.6 trillion per year
         | on health care. I have no idea what UBI might cost, but I know
         | we don't have the tax revenues to get even close.
         | 
         | Maybe the money printer can go brrrr a little bit faster.
        
           | tele wrote:
           | https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6.
           | ..
           | 
           | "Taking into account both the costs of coverage expansion and
           | the savings that would be achieved through the Medicare for
           | All Act, we calculate that a single-payer, universal health-
           | care system is likely to lead to a 13% savings in national
           | health-care expenditure, equivalent to more than US$450
           | billion annually (based on the value of the US$ in 2017). The
           | entire system could be funded with less financial outlay than
           | is incurred by employers and households paying for health-
           | care premiums combined with existing government allocations.
           | This shift to single-payer health care would provide the
           | greatest relief to lower-income households. Furthermore, we
           | estimate that ensuring health-care access for all Americans
           | would save more than 68 000 lives and 1*73 million life-years
           | every year compared with the status quo."
        
             | syshum wrote:
             | The Lancet study is very flawed on several economic fronts,
             | the biggest being that it assume the government could tax /
             | collect 100% of spending that Americans do voluntarily
             | today in the private system to devote it to a government
             | run plan. That is completely improbable and unrealistic
             | expectation.
             | 
             | it also assumes government run systems will be as or better
             | efficient than private system, we have 100's of years of
             | history (including this very story) the proves that to be a
             | fallacy
        
             | 542458 wrote:
             | That really doesn't have any bearing on the point that the
             | costs of the F-35 and M4A are dramatically different.
             | Funding or not funding the F-35 isn't the determining
             | factor in funding M4A.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | cwhiz wrote:
             | There are dozens of these studies. Vermont tried to
             | implement a single payer system to realize these costs, and
             | it was an epic failure. Read up on it.
             | 
             | https://www.vox.com/2014/12/22/7427117/single-payer-
             | vermont-...
             | 
             | What people don't seem to understand is that you can't just
             | vacuum money out of a giant industry. The money we spend in
             | health care doesn't go into an incinerator. There are
             | approximately 16.5 million people working in the health
             | care industry. This study assumes we'll save 13%, a wildly
             | optimistic figure, but we'll go with it.
             | 
             | Pick the 2.15 million people to fire.
        
           | mnd999 wrote:
           | Healthcare is super expensive in the US though. If the system
           | was more efficient, like European systems, it could work.
        
           | joshuamorton wrote:
           | > $3.6 trillion per year on health care
           | 
           | Yes, and this would decrease, significantly if the us
           | healthcare system were more proactive and more people had
           | good insurance. Not to mention that much of this is what is
           | already spent, so clearly we can afford it. If taxes
           | increased by exactly what your premiums were before, it's
           | revenue neutral.
        
           | grecy wrote:
           | > _You could take the entire defense budget, and the defense
           | budget from every other country in the world, and you would
           | be less than 50% of the funding you would need for a single
           | year of Medicare for all._
           | 
           | How in the world to other countries pay for Healthcare?
           | 
           | The USA has tax revenue per capita very similar to New
           | Zealand, the UK, Italy and Canada - all of which have good
           | Healthcare for all. [1]
           | 
           | The USA has more than double the tax revenue per capita than
           | South Korea, which also has good healthcare.
           | 
           | It's not about the cost, it's about how the USA is choosing
           | to spend it's tax dollars.
           | 
           | [1] https://countryeconomy.com/taxes/tax-revenue
        
             | LegitShady wrote:
             | Many countries have far worse standards of care than the
             | US.
             | 
             | I live in Canada, and waited more than a year for a
             | specialist. It took me 2 years to find a family doctor with
             | decent reviews who was accepting patients . I needed an MRI
             | once and the wait was measured in months. I waited four
             | months for just a cortisone shot, before the pandemic.
             | 
             | I'm not claiming one system is better than another.
             | Certainly if you're wealthy and have good benefits in the
             | US, the standard of care is much much higher.
             | 
             | On the flipside, if you need cancer care in Canada you're
             | probably not going to need to declare bankruptcy.
        
               | grecy wrote:
               | > _Many countries have far worse standards of care than
               | the US._
               | 
               | I'll need a citation for that.
               | 
               | When a country has 29 million people without health
               | insurance [1], and medical bills are the number one cause
               | of bankruptcy, I think it's safe to say the average
               | standard of care is way, way lower than Canada,
               | Australia, Germany, etc. where literally every person
               | gets care.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.kff.org/uninsured/issue-brief/key-facts-
               | about-th...
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | Unklejoe wrote:
               | It really depends on what you mean by "standard of care".
               | 
               | Yes, there are a lot of people without coverage in the
               | USA, and there are a lot of people in deep medical debt.
               | 
               | However, when it comes to the actual quality of the
               | healthcare facilities, the USA does have some of the best
               | in the world (CHOP, UPenn, Mayo Clinic, etc.). The fact
               | that it's extremely expensive/overpriced is a different
               | issue.
        
               | rayhendricks wrote:
               | It's just distributed weirdly and almost designed to be
               | difficult to navigate.
               | 
               | If you're poor and in a blue state you get free
               | healthcare comparable to the rest of the developed world.
               | But go over the 30k/year threshold and you're getting a
               | high-deductible plan and a random number generator for a
               | hospital billing department. Then once you get a job at
               | FAANG and you get great healthcare.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | It depends how you look at standards of care. Despite
               | medical coverage gaps the US still has the highest or
               | among the highest 5 year survival rates for most forms of
               | cancer.
        
               | LegitShady wrote:
               | I think you have to actively ignore the last three
               | sentences that I wrote to think this is a reasonable
               | reply.
        
               | grecy wrote:
               | I live in Canada.... (and Australia)
               | 
               | Your reply is anecdotal with a sample size of one.
               | 
               | You need to look at how healthcare works for _everyone_
               | in a society. It 's not OK when the mega rich have it
               | great, the middle class OK and literally 30 million
               | people have nothing.
        
               | LegitShady wrote:
               | your reply to this comment is too many deep - I can't
               | reply.
               | 
               | My reply is a sample size of one because I actively don't
               | speak for other people, on purpose. That isn't a flaw in
               | my argument, that's intentional. If there was one delay
               | in a health procedure it wouldn't be of note. But there
               | are lots of delays, and my doctor needs 2-3 months notice
               | for an appointment, and only wants to discuss one thing
               | per appointment so he can maintain the # of appointments
               | he needs to do throughout a day by not making any one to
               | long, and get paid again for another consult, and he's a
               | good doctor (for real).
               | 
               | But again, you have to actively ignore the last 3
               | sentences of the post you replied to, for this to be a
               | reasonable and in good faith response to what I wrote. I
               | have no interest in engaging with people who don't read
               | what I write, while telling me what I have to think.
        
             | cwhiz wrote:
             | They started from a different baseline. Now we have an
             | industry that supports over 16 million employees and is a
             | significant percentage of GDP. You can't just pull the rug
             | out from under it.
        
           | malcolmgreaves wrote:
           | The money will come from folk not paying for private health
           | insurance and wildly expensive hospital bills. No money
           | printer needed.
        
           | jjoonathan wrote:
           | Sure, if you pretend we aren't already paying for health care
           | and don't credit that against the price of MFA, MFA looks
           | awfully expensive!
        
             | cwhiz wrote:
             | Ah so now we're talking about the elephant in the room, the
             | huge tax hike. Most people pay a percentage of their
             | healthcare costs, their employer covers the rest, and it
             | comes out of pre-tax dollars. We'll still need all that
             | money so now it will have to come in the form of a huge MFA
             | tax on businesses and individuals.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | samstave wrote:
           | Just because we SPEND money doesnt mean that the price is
           | VALID.
           | 
           | "Medicine" is grossly overpriced.
           | 
           | our entire model is FUCKED.
           | 
           | Source: designed and built and commissioned several hospitals
           | and an entire family of doctors. Fuck the US health care
           | system and fuck the military-industrial-spyware-
           | congressional-graft system. I was the tech designer for SF
           | General (before Zuck stuck his name on it) (I designed the
           | entire nurse call system there, among many other things)
           | 
           | My brother was the head of the VA for Alaska, commander of
           | the 10th medical wing USAF, personal flight surgeon to the
           | Joint Chiefs of Staff at the pentagon.
           | 
           | Grandmother was a surgical nurse for decades in Silicon
           | Valley.
           | 
           | Top cardiologist in California (and mayor of Saratoga)
           | 
           | Aunt is top NICU nurse at El Camino Hospital (which I was TPM
           | on building...
           | 
           | Among other many accolades that my family has; we all agree -
           | Healthcare is GROSSLY overpriced and BS.
           | 
           | FFS I had to go to the hospital recently and they charged me
           | $4,000 for the ride to the hospital and $12,000 for giving me
           | vitamins and holding me over night.
           | 
           | FUCK the medical industry pricing.
        
             | omgwtfbyobbq wrote:
             | The business model for healthcare is divorced from the
             | actual healthcare provided. Emergency care for instance
             | tends to be billed at nutty rates. IMO, the best thing to
             | do is to avoid ambulance/emergency if possible, although
             | this isn't always an option and can be risky, and to shop
             | around for everything where possible. Call up your
             | insurance company with codes and provider numbers and find
             | out what everyone around you actually charges for
             | something.
             | 
             | Each medical group can also have their own economic models
             | which are optimized for different things. One local group
             | actually has reasonably priced specialty visits, but their
             | outpatient services are crazy expensive ($1000 in-network
             | for a NCS/EMG), and that's how they've structured things.
             | Another semi-public group (University of California based)
             | charges significantly more for visits, but significantly
             | less for outpatient procedures ($1000 for an in-network
             | 3.0T MRI).
        
           | markus_zhang wrote:
           | That 3.6 trillion dollar, I don't think it's well spent and I
           | wonder how much went to the Insurance companies, big Pharmas.
           | SOmehow as the most powerful country in the world, US has
           | shitty medicare comparing to Canada, Germany, etc.
        
           | glaucon wrote:
           | Not a USAian but from distant observation I wonder what
           | proporation of the total spend would disappear if you had
           | "socialised medicine". In an ideal world this would be
           | counter-intuitive, because competition usually increases
           | efficiency, but as far as I can tell the provision of medical
           | care in the US suffers from the same legalised near monoplies
           | that many other parts of the US economy do.
        
       | openasocket wrote:
       | I disagree with the conclusions of this article, and feel that
       | the author didn't provide nearly enough evidence to back up a
       | pretty big claim. The notion that the F-35 is a high-end and
       | expensive asset is not some new admission, nor does it mean it is
       | a failure. While it was meant to be a lower-end plain initially,
       | it hasn't been considered that way in a long time. And while I
       | agree that the F-35 is expensive and we may need to supplement it
       | with a lower-end fighter, that's hardly a failure. That's exactly
       | why we ended up developing the F-16: because we needed a lower-
       | end fighter to supplement the F-15.
       | 
       | There's plenty to criticize about the F-35, particularly about
       | the procurement strategy and development cycle. But we are
       | starting to see real results. The F-35 has performed very well in
       | exercises like Red Flag. And I don't think you can understate the
       | importance of the F-35B. Yes, it has markedly worse availability
       | rates and maintenance issues than the other variants, but that's
       | pretty common for STOVL aircraft, like the Harrier it is
       | replacing. And not only is the F-35B the only stealth STOVL, it's
       | also the first production STOVL aircraft capable of supersonic
       | speed.
       | 
       | I also think it's weird to imply the reason the F-35 has failed
       | (and I don't belive it has) because it's been made in three
       | different variants. That really isn't the reason for all of these
       | delays. There are several examples of aircraft being able to work
       | in multiple roles, like the F-4 and the French Rafale. The
       | fundamental issue is in avionics and logistics. All of these
       | sensors and systems are very complex and difficult to integrate
       | together. Any aircraft with a modern, full-featured AESA radar
       | and IRST sensors sees a protracted development time.
       | 
       | In terms of purchasing new, lower-end aircraft, I do think that's
       | a good idea. Depending on where you want that to fit in in terms
       | of doctrine, you've got a couple of options. The USAF is already
       | starting to purchase some F-15EX planes. It's got decent range,
       | good performance in air-to-air and air-to-ground engagements, and
       | it's based on a mature platform which should reduce costs and
       | improve availability. But it's a fairly big beast, and
       | operational costs will still be higher than legacy F-16s. The
       | other option is to go with a genuine light fighter like the
       | JAS-39 Gripen. Cheaper, much lower operational costs, and capable
       | of operating from short, rudimentary runways, but shorter range
       | and less payload capacity. I also think there's space for a
       | "featherweight" plane, like the A-29. When we're engaging Taliban
       | targets that don't have anti-aircraft defenses beyond small arms
       | fire, a simple turboprop will get the job done efficiently and
       | cheaply, and that frees up jets to be used in other theaters.
        
       | vhcd wrote:
       | Wasn't the goal of the F-35 to sell an inferior aircraft to
       | allies and keep the F-22 for the real action?
       | 
       | I don't know the sales figures, but it may have been a success
       | using those metrics.
        
         | GekkePrutser wrote:
         | Allies have cut back on the F-35 orders too on about the same
         | scale. But no I don't think it was ever planned to replace the
         | F-22. The F-22 is really an interceptor, the F-35 is much more
         | multirole like the F-16.
        
           | angry_octet wrote:
           | Exactly. It's like:
           | 
           | F-15 -> F-22 + some F-35 F-16 -> F-35 F-18 -> F-35 carrier
           | version AV-8B -> F-35 STOVL
           | 
           | It is unfortunately compromised in weight by needing to do
           | the carrier role. But on the flip side, the extra strength in
           | the fuselage means they could last a long time.
        
       | tus89 wrote:
       | > The F-35 is a Ferrari, Brown told reporters last Wednesday.
       | "You don't drive your Ferrari to work every day, you only drive
       | it on Sundays. This is our 'high end' [fighter]
       | 
       | The F-35 is not a fighter, it is a strike aircraft. It is big and
       | heavy and bloated and would be eaten alive in air to air combat.
        
       | bookmarkable wrote:
       | I'm not a military expert, but just as a civilian tired of seeing
       | my taxes wasted, doesn't the US military need to be completely
       | reimagined anyway? Who is it built to defend against?
       | 
       | As an example - the flyover at Super Bowl 55. Terrifying air
       | power that could wipe out a civilization, but those bombers don't
       | stop some rogue idiots from storming the Capitol, or any number
       | of foreign and domestic hacking threats.
        
       | blt wrote:
       | The problems with the F-35 feel analogous to problems we face in
       | the software industry.
       | 
       | At the implementation level, we tend to underestimate the cost of
       | making a system extensible and "future-proof", and underestimate
       | the value of implementing a narrowly focused system from scratch.
       | 
       | At the specification level, product managers too often are
       | willing to add every feature that big customers request.
        
       | abarringer wrote:
       | If the primary purpose was to funnel money from you -> .mil ->
       | military industrial complex it succeed wildly beyond all
       | expectations. Otherwise not so much.
       | 
       | I lived and worked very close to Eglin Air Force base where all
       | the initial F35's went. Many Air Force people thought the primary
       | design decisions were to spend money and little else.
        
         | usrusr wrote:
         | But there's a reason to funnel that money besides padding
         | pockets: the nominal reason (and not a bad one if you are not a
         | full pacifist) is to retain development capability for the next
         | time you actually do need a military aviation innovation burst.
         | And arguably this wasn't really successful. Chances are that
         | rebuilding capability from a hypothetical starved state would
         | yield better results than restoring efficiency from the
         | comically fattened state they got.
        
           | craftinator wrote:
           | > the nominal reason (and not a bad one if you are not a full
           | pacifist) is to retain development capability for the next
           | time
           | 
           | Is the F-35 a good example of what we want our next aircraft
           | to be? It seems to me that we now have a whole development
           | infrastructure set up to build expensive, buggy aircraft.
           | That "development capability" that we've retained isn't a
           | good one.
        
             | usrusr wrote:
             | Exactly what I meant. The money funneling has a valid
             | purpose beyond actual aircraft, but as it stands it doesn't
             | really serve that purpose.
        
       | nvoid wrote:
       | >With a sticker price of around $100 million per plane, including
       | the engine, the F-35 is expensive
       | 
       | Why say including the engine? Do they sell them without the
       | engine?
        
         | rjsw wrote:
         | That is how the US military accounts for them, yes. The engine
         | is not included in the price paid to Lockheed Martin.
        
           | nvoid wrote:
           | Oh interesting. Can they get them with a different engine?
           | Like an add-on when buying your car. Maybe like a sport mode?
        
             | onepointsixC wrote:
             | At the time they were the best production engines in the
             | world. General Electric originally was competing with the
             | Pratt and Whitney engine F-135, called the F-136 but that
             | was since canceled. However they're is the GE Adaptive
             | Cycle Engine that has since been developed which produces
             | greater thrust while having the ability to also achieve
             | greater fuel efficiency for greater range by changing it's
             | characteristics.
        
       | toddh wrote:
       | The time of planes has ended and the time of drones has begun it
       | has.
        
         | newsclues wrote:
         | The horse and the automobile were used in two world wars last
         | century.
        
           | toddh wrote:
           | And how did the work out for the british in WWI? They could
           | have invested in tanks and used the Blitzkrieg one war early,
           | but the officers loved their horses. Using horses was not a
           | sign of health, it was sign of backward thinking and nearly
           | cost them everything.
        
         | hctaw wrote:
         | You still have to shoot down a fighter jet to disable it. An
         | enemy can't hack the pilot remotely and safely land it on their
         | own air strips, which has happened with drones.
        
           | slowhand09 wrote:
           | I think if you make a fighter jet expend its missiles putting
           | it in Winchester mode, and block its path to safety, thus
           | expending its fuel... it drops from the sky. IMHO that would
           | be a disable/defeat.
        
           | jlkuester7 wrote:
           | That seems like all the more reason to invest more in our
           | cyber-warfare/security capabilities instead of dumping the
           | money in machines designed to carry meat-bags.
        
             | hctaw wrote:
             | we dump money into both
        
             | tablespoon wrote:
             | > That seems like all the more reason to invest more in our
             | cyber-warfare/security capabilities instead of dumping the
             | money in machines designed to carry meat-bags.
             | 
             | We're talking about nation-state on nation-state hacking
             | here. The kind of investment you're talking about would
             | have to be absolutely massive, and even then it still might
             | not do the job.
             | 
             | And even if that kind of investment in cyber-
             | warfare/security capabilities is undertaken, the military
             | isn't going to stop "dumping the money in machines designed
             | to carry meat-bags" until _after_ it 's _very_ clear the
             | investment was successful. It 's not realistic for a first
             | rate to take the kind of risk you're talking about if it
             | wants to remain first rate.
        
           | moistbar wrote:
           | If the plane is connected to anything else, it can be hacked.
           | Just because it hasn't been reported yet doesn't mean it's
           | impossible or even that it hasn't happened.
        
             | tablespoon wrote:
             | > If the plane is connected to anything else, it can be
             | hacked. Just because it hasn't been reported yet doesn't
             | mean it's impossible or even that it hasn't happened.
             | 
             | And if that's a realized threat, the planes can be
             | disconnected and still function at a reduced capacity.
             | That's not true for drones.
             | 
             | It's like GPS. It's a really nice technology, but warplanes
             | and weapons also have IMUs, so they'll still be effective
             | if GPS has been jammed/knocked out.
        
             | hctaw wrote:
             | The risk of downing a manned aircraft for a nation state is
             | much higher than a drone.
        
       | WalterBright wrote:
       | Take a look at how John Boyd upended the Air Force dev process,
       | but of course that ended with his untimely death. Nobody else was
       | able to do it.
       | 
       | He ran the "Fighter Mafia" which was responsible for the F-15 and
       | F-16 aircraft.
       | 
       | https://www.amazon.com/Boyd-Fighter-Pilot-Who-Changed/dp/031...
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | shirro wrote:
       | Time for NASA to admit the same for SLS/Orion.
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | The irony is the Chinese just copied it...but threw out the jack
       | of all trades part. Which is the problem with the f35
        
       | sschueller wrote:
       | Great and Switzerland still has this feature crep dumpster fire
       | on its list of possible planes to buy. 32 of them....
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | adev_ wrote:
       | So on one side, we have a program that costed > 406.5 Billions
       | (2017) [1] for a failed jet.
       | 
       | On the other side, we have the entire Apollo program that cost
       | $156 billion (2018)[2], was stopped because too expensive. And we
       | never have been able to go on the Moon since because "cost".
       | 
       | Decisions that lead to the usage of public money by governments
       | is definitively a mystery.
       | 
       | I wish the Lobbyists of the Army/Lockheed Martin/Military complex
       | could do a bit of training for NASA and the research sector.
       | Something tell me humankind could benefit a lot from it.
       | 
       | [1]:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning...
       | 
       | [2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_program
        
       | StanislavPetrov wrote:
       | I wonder if that also means that they are going to cut funding to
       | the astroturfers who show up in every thread in every forum on
       | every post singing the praises of the F-35 now.
        
         | knolax wrote:
         | This has got to be my favorite astroturfing conspiracy. Imagine
         | the US government paying people to convince the oh so important
         | programmers at HackerNews that their jet fighter is effective.
        
           | StanislavPetrov wrote:
           | If that's you're favorite astroturfing conspiracy, what's
           | your favorite astroturfing reality? Was it Microsoft
           | astroturfing blogs in 2014?
           | 
           | https://www.pcworld.com/article/2365060/microsoft-caught-
           | ast...
           | 
           | Or perhaps it was astroturfing of the Pharmaceutical Research
           | and Manufacturers of America?
           | 
           | https://www.minnpost.com/second-opinion/2016/02/new-
           | patient-...
           | 
           | Or perhaps the energy industry?
           | 
           | https://www.thenation.com/article/environment/energy-
           | utility...
           | 
           | But certainly its an unhinged conspiracy that government and
           | the military would push their own narratives via
           | astroturfing. Everyone knows they have far too much respect
           | for how they spend our taxpayer dollars and they have far too
           | much integrity to be so devious. Certainly all of the
           | stalwart defenders of the F-35 that pop up on every internet
           | forum and message board to sing the praises of that
           | boondoggle must be sincere.
        
       | protastus wrote:
       | > The F-35 is a Ferrari, Brown told reporters last Wednesday
       | 
       | It _became_ a Ferrari due to feature creep and an enormously
       | complex and expensive technology stack. The F-16 is not a Ferrari
       | and NATO needs a multirole single-seat fighter that is affordable
       | to purchase and fly.
       | 
       | My most charitable view is the F-35 became a jobs program for
       | Lockheed Martin and subcontractors. People were trained and
       | (allegedly) useful technology was developed. But the price tag
       | appears unreasonable by an order of magnitude, and this puts no
       | accountability on the program management or people signing the
       | checks.
       | 
       | As for arguments about technology trickling down from the F-35:
       | 
       | * The argument needs evidence. I've seen no attempt to identify
       | the value of the technologies developed against the time and
       | money spent.
       | 
       | * Too much time was surely spent on integration and one-off
       | details specific to the F-35 platform, and this is sunk cost
       | unlikely to be recovered in future platforms designed by new
       | teams.
        
         | noir_lord wrote:
         | The US has done this before, they had a winner with the
         | F5E/F-20 Tigershark back in the day, they could have sold those
         | to everyone but they killed the program to boost F16 sales.
         | 
         | It was cheap to buy, cheap to run (like really cheap for the
         | capability which in the case of the F20 matched F16's of the
         | era) but because the USAF didn't want to buy them it got cut
         | off at the knees.
         | 
         | Damn thing has a thrust to weight ratio of 1.16 to 1 (it could
         | accelerate in a vertical climb) and do Mach 2, largely because
         | they shoved a single F18 engine in to replace the two much
         | older engines the F5 had.
        
       | AcerbicZero wrote:
       | Gee I never would have guessed that a one size fits all
       | replacement for every F- aircraft (and more than a few A-'s) in
       | the inventory for every branch would be difficult.
       | 
       | It was a trillion dollar stimulus package (or welfare) directed
       | at the good old military industrial complex, plus it helps
       | placate the chicken hawks in Congress who wanted pork for their
       | district. Like most weapon systems developed in peacetime with
       | unclear use cases, it's kind of just an expensive tech demo.
        
       | simonblack wrote:
       | Just a 21st century Brewster Buffalo.
        
       | zafka wrote:
       | John Boyd and the defense reform movement pretty much predicted
       | this outcome from the beginning.
        
       | estaseuropano wrote:
       | 323bn spent.
       | 
       | There are 331 million Americans.
       | 
       | = every American paid around $1000 for this failure.
       | 
       | These funds could have gone into schools, roads, social
       | programmes, ... Instead they served to enrich the small crowd
       | owning the defense industry, with little to show for it all.
        
       | fnord77 wrote:
       | are manned fighter aircraft even relevant anymore?
        
       | tibbydudeza wrote:
       | Remind me of the Bradley Infantry Fighting Vehicle whose
       | conflicting requirements from the Army/Marines/Navy was lampooned
       | in a movie.
        
       | stuaxo wrote:
       | How much money has the UK wasted on these at the same time as
       | implementing austerity ?
        
         | sorokod wrote:
         | Uk is committed to buy 48 but likely to go for 70.
         | 
         | 48 x 90 = 4320 mil.$
        
       | bonestamp2 wrote:
       | > The 17-ton, non-stealthy F-16 is too difficult to upgrade with
       | the latest software, Brown explained. Instead of ordering fresh
       | F-16s, he said, the Air Force should initiate a "clean-sheet
       | design" for a new low-end fighter.
       | 
       | It's more difficult to upgrade the F-16 systems than to design a
       | whole new aircraft? I mean, maybe there are other reasons to
       | design a new aircraft, but this doesn't sound like the whole
       | story.
        
         | gnu8 wrote:
         | They could upgrade the systems all day long, but the fact
         | remains that the F-16 is a pre-stealth airframe and it is
         | simply the wrong shape. What the Air Force wants in a low end
         | fighter is F-16 level systems in a new stealthy airframe.
        
       | Vaderv wrote:
       | Once again proving what Eisenhower said ...
        
       | superkuh wrote:
       | Keep in mind that modern updates of the F-16 sell for about $100
       | million each. They are comparable in cost to the F-35.
        
       | misiti3780 wrote:
       | The saddest thing about all of this IMO is they have been working
       | on this for 14 years, and how much money was spent/wasted? Now,
       | read about Skunkworks - they were able to build the SR71 (without
       | supercomputers) in less than half that time and for a fraction of
       | the cost.
       | 
       | This isn't just planes, this seems to be everything nowadays.
       | Fission was discovered in 1938/1939 and we dropped two bombs on
       | Japan in 1945. No chance we could do something like that in this
       | toxic environment of today.
       | 
       | I know Peter Thiel is not popular here, but his conversations
       | about technological progress seem to be spot on: we just cant
       | build cool shit anymore. I really did want a flying car, and all
       | I have is 140 characters and promises of AI that never come true.
       | 
       | Maybe, you could say there are some exceptions like CRISPR, but
       | that is TBD.
        
         | phaemon wrote:
         | > we dropped two bombs on Japan in 1945. No chance we could do
         | something like that in this toxic environment of today.
         | 
         | Indeed. If you killed hundreds of thousands of civilians today
         | you'd probably get cancelled by leftists or something! Toxic.
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | I work in defense and the approach to software development is
         | hell. Imagine package managers and Git being newfangled scary
         | technologies and not unit testing anything. Now slap tens or
         | hundreds of millions of dollars on there and you've got a
         | defense program.
         | 
         | I'm actually quite tired of it and I'm looking elsewhere.
        
         | thewarrior wrote:
         | The requirement specs for this plane seem crazy. It has to be
         | as agile and fast as an F-22. It needs to do ground support
         | like an A-10. It has to be able to do carrier missions and on
         | top of that it has to take off and land vertically.
         | 
         | And yeah do all this while being cheap and maintainable. It's
         | basically a unicorn.
        
         | hutzlibu wrote:
         | https://xkcd.com/864/
         | 
         | Also, well
         | 
         | "Fission was discovered in 1938/1939 and we dropped two bombs
         | on Japan in 1945. No chance we could do something like that in
         | this toxic environment of today"
         | 
         | I believe some people consider WW2 and the nuclear wipeout of 2
         | cities of common people to be "toxic environment", too.
        
         | 29athrowaway wrote:
         | Because Boeing is now ran by MBAs who want to maximize profit.
         | A low cost F-35 means less money for Boeing in the short term.
         | 
         | What about the long term? Fuck the long term. It is all about
         | quarters, and short term bonuses.
        
         | Aunche wrote:
         | I love the SR-71 as much as anyone else, but I don't think
         | that's entirely fair. 12/32 were lost in an accident, so it
         | looks like we lost a lot of reliability in exchange for a much
         | faster development.
        
           | jeffreyrogers wrote:
           | It was also pushes the boundaries of what aircraft were
           | capable of. Required all sorts of new materials technology,
           | probably required new controls as well. I think it is fairer
           | to compare the development of the SR-71 to something like the
           | early development of rockets/missiles, than to the F35, which
           | is much more incremental.
        
         | hansthehorse wrote:
         | The time from project start to first flight of the SR 71 was 47
         | months - with slide rules and manual drafting.
        
         | spoonjim wrote:
         | Not dropping radioactive bombs = toxic.
        
           | jazzyjackson wrote:
           | The point was how quickly it went from theory to
           | implementation.
        
             | spoonjim wrote:
             | I know what your point was. But the expedience of those
             | times came at an incredible human cost.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | CameronNemo wrote:
             | Is this a race to Godwin's law?
        
         | Thorentis wrote:
         | > we just cant build cool shit anymore
         | 
         | I sadly agree. Unis spend so much time teaching CAD software,
         | processes, etc, you wonder how much understanding engineering
         | grads actually have. I just think we've stagnated as a
         | technological society. We rely so much on computers to do
         | everything, that we can't innovate in the same way anymore.
         | Unless our new x has an onboard super-computer, we just can't
         | get it to do anything.
        
           | captain_price7 wrote:
           | > Unis spend so much time teaching CAD software, processes,
           | etc, you wonder how much understanding engineering grads
           | actually have
           | 
           | That's interesting. The popular sentiment in programming
           | world seem to be Unis don't tech practical stuff enough, or
           | interviews for (junior) developers don't test their practical
           | knowledge enough- a point I always found a bit strange.
        
             | eitland wrote:
             | > That's interesting. The popular sentiment in programming
             | world seem to be Unis don't tech practical stuff enough,
             | 
             | I think the point might be that there might be a sweet spot
             | somewhere between
             | 
             | - demanding Java code to be created by students using only
             | Notepad and javac
             | 
             | and
             | 
             | - just teaching the latest js trends
             | 
             | I think it is fully possible - and a lot more motivating -
             | to teach theoretical problems hand in hand with practical
             | problems.
        
             | unishark wrote:
             | I'm in a university dealing with this stuff and we get both
             | ends at the same time, they (companies) want more immediate
             | technical skills (e.g. programming) while also complaining
             | that grads don't know their math fundamentals enough.
             | 
             | In an engineering department (as in not CS) I'd say the
             | bias is overwhelmingly towards the math end of the
             | spectrum, partly because faculty largely don't even keep up
             | with the technology. You'd have to heavily revise your
             | course constantly (imagine teaching how to use google
             | products...). Plus it just feels less worthwhile teaching
             | things that will become obsolete in a few years.
             | 
             | Oh and by the way we need to teach them to write better
             | too. Kids can't communicate these days. And economics. And
             | ethics. It ends up being a very tight squeeze we can cram
             | in maybe two courses on programming if it's a top priority.
        
         | benjamoon wrote:
         | I'm in the UK, over here we developed a vaccine to an unknown
         | virus in about 10 months and then gave it to nearly 20 million
         | people in 2 months. I'll take that over the next generation of
         | pointless aircrafts any day!
        
         | rubicon33 wrote:
         | I wonder if anyone has any theories as to why? Assuming it's
         | true that technological innovation peaked in the mid 40s/50s,
         | it begs the question why it has ground to such a halt now.
         | 
         | Recognizing that is a big assumption of truth, would anyone
         | here be willing to posit an explanation?
        
           | mikewarot wrote:
           | We don't have a government anymore... it started breaking
           | down with the death of FDR. The only thing that kept it going
           | was the cold war.
           | 
           | We don't invest in research like we should.
        
           | Negitivefrags wrote:
           | It's a combination of factors but all with the same theme.
           | 
           | Basically nobody is willing to take any risk for anything.
           | 
           | This is on every level, from being wrong about a simple
           | decision all the way up to not taking any personal risk with
           | your life.
           | 
           | And it's impossible to argue against it because at any point
           | you can always make an argument for reduction of risk, and
           | anyone arguing against it is demonized.
           | 
           | How can you argue against more health and safety standards
           | after all? More rigourous engineering standards? More
           | environmental protection standards? More consultation with
           | the public?
           | 
           | But it's not just a government thing, it's on a societal
           | level. In large companies it's the same exact phenomenon of
           | buck passing and responsibility dodging.
           | 
           | Each thing only has a tiny multiplicative cost, but the sum
           | total of all of it is the inability to make any progress.
        
           | FooHentai wrote:
           | Necessity is the mother of invention. In the mid 40s a very
           | large urgent necessity, the war effort, went away. There were
           | some residuals after that as motivations and industries
           | shifted.
        
           | JustSomeNobody wrote:
           | My pet theory is we rely too much on computers.
        
           | adwww wrote:
           | 1940s-1950s two big factors - necessity to win a war.
           | 
           | But also opportunity. Even widespread mains electricity is
           | fairly new back then, there were a lot of fairly obvious
           | opportunities to quickly exploit.
        
           | sanderjd wrote:
           | Maybe check out Ross Douthat's recent book about "decadence"
           | as a place to start. Not sure I buy the argument, but this is
           | part of what he's talking about.
           | 
           | For me personally, I think it's just the point we're at in
           | the current technological revolution (in the Carlota Perez
           | sense). We're due for a new one (maybe biotech, eg. driven by
           | crispr, mrna, etc.) so things feel stale.
        
           | xwdv wrote:
           | Because it's not worth it. People built all the low hanging
           | fruit of cool shit already. A plane would have been "cool
           | shit" 100 years ago, today it's just a glorified bus.
           | 
           | What else is there to build? Spaceships? For what? We've seen
           | Mars and the Moon. More military crap? USA already won now
           | it's just showing off. AI stuff? Turns out people think it's
           | creepy and they like to keep their jobs anyway because it
           | makes them money. Mega structures and arcologies? NIMBY!
           | 
           | We're in the long tail of cool shit now. Each generation gets
           | harder and harder to impress.
        
         | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
         | While the US does have a problem with building civil
         | engineering projects today, that dynamic isn't really what
         | happened with the F-35.
         | 
         | The root of the F-35 program's problems is a cost plus style
         | contract that gave Lockheed every incentive to overrun on cost
         | and time table. Ash Carter fixed that by telling Lockheed if
         | they didn't agree to his new contract he'd kill the entire
         | thing. And oh hey what a surprise suddenly the marginal cost of
         | a new F-35 started hitting the target numbers.
         | 
         | The aircraft itself is apparently excellent at what it does,
         | but that doesn't erase just how much grift was involved in this
         | program for decades.
         | 
         | The other big thing driving the Air Force to heavily
         | restructure it's approach is they know they just can't have
         | these decades long development programs. They want to be able
         | to iterate much faster. It's all still classified, but
         | apparently the first few attempts at this more agile approach
         | are in fact actually working, like with the NGAD program.
        
           | bumby wrote:
           | > _The root of the F-35 program 's problems is a cost plus
           | style contract that gave Lockheed every incentive to overrun_
           | 
           | I'm fond of the saying "once you understand people's
           | incentives, you understand everything" as it applies to
           | contracting.
           | 
           | I will add, however, that fixed price contracts have their
           | own problems as it relates to cutting corners. E.g., it can
           | put downward pressure on retaining talent and performing best
           | practices because it incentivizes under-bidding and then
           | cutting corners to make a profit. E.g., "you cobbled together
           | some VBA in a spreadsheet once 20 years ago and will work for
           | pennies? Congratulations, you're our new head of software
           | development!"
           | 
           | A lot of the problems can be attributed to poor contract/spec
           | management and poor oversight. Part of the key is having good
           | requirements and also the contractual teeth/intestinal
           | fortitude to hold contractors feet to the fire
        
           | jacques_chester wrote:
           | There was a good discussion about NGAD when it became
           | publicly known:
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24493698
        
           | aerostable_slug wrote:
           | You can see some openly available artifacts of earlier
           | efforts at the more agile approach to highly complex
           | cyberphysical systems with programs like DARPA's Adaptive
           | Vehicle Make (RIP).
           | 
           | Though AVM was killed by sequestrations, the work continued
           | in other programs -- and of course there was a lot of
           | learning taken from various unclassified programs to behind
           | the green door, so to speak.
        
           | bpodgursky wrote:
           | The next-gen bomber program (B-21) as far as I'm aware is
           | also going well. Fast purchase of an a platform intentionally
           | only incrementally more advanced than the current model.
        
           | sayhar wrote:
           | Thank you for bringing a structural, informed approach to
           | this. I'm getting a little tired of the tendency to handwave
           | blame "cultural decline" rather than actual looking into the
           | policies and details.
        
             | yrgulation wrote:
             | Aren't policy and details a product of culture? If a group
             | of people, be it a team or nation, dont have have a solid
             | culture then surely they cant achieve solid results. And
             | indeed it would appear that gradually there is a decline in
             | achieving great results from countries that have
             | historically achieved such results. Dont get me wrong, the
             | US is still doing great, but maybe when the rest of the
             | world keeps raising red flags then criticism should be
             | taken on board as not all is ill intentioned.
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | ldbooth wrote:
         | How much can we attribute to the financialization of
         | capitalism? I think it's the driving force. Some historical
         | societies have recognized paying interest on capital at every
         | level of the value stack creates an anti-competitive costs of
         | production. Maybe they just didn't like creditors.
        
         | clownpenis_fart wrote:
         | Yeah, it's really sad how we can't have nice things anymore
         | like nuking hundreds of thousands of civilians.
        
           | misiti3780 wrote:
           | You are obviously taking my comment in bad faith, but even if
           | you ignore the the two bombs, I believe nuclear energy is the
           | cleanest renewable.
        
         | jnwatson wrote:
         | They've been at this for more than 14 years. I was accidentally
         | part of both the Boeing and Lockheed F-35 teams, and that was
         | 23 years ago.
         | 
         | For a humorous take on the U.S. military platform problem, look
         | for a movie called The Pentagon Wars [1] starring Kelsey
         | Grammar and Cary Elwes. It came out in 1998, and very little
         | has changed since then.
         | 
         | https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0144550/
        
           | misiti3780 wrote:
           | Wikipedia said it was started in 2006
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning.
           | ..
        
             | jhpankow wrote:
             | Lockheed and Boeing were building protoypes in the 1990s
             | and the contract was awarded to Lockheed in October 2001.
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Strike_Fighter_program
        
           | hef19898 wrote:
           | Back the day an engineer cold be there at the start of
           | program, see the maiden flight and even go on to see a second
           | program. Today, the same engineer probalby enters years after
           | the concept phase and retires before the first prototype
           | takes of.
        
         | markus_zhang wrote:
         | The point is that if every project is just for the votes and
         | friends then essentially you are going to ignore the
         | engineering and other parts. I'd argue further that it's the
         | same for business projects as well, just that you do it for the
         | stocks and friends.
        
         | totetsu wrote:
         | If it stops us producing Civilization Ending technologies like
         | the A-bomb then I'm all for the toxicity... Not all progress is
         | linear, efficiency is no as vitrue unto itself!
        
         | antattack wrote:
         | Speaking of military expenses. One would think spending
         | fraction of military budget towards vaccine research would
         | protect our country better.
         | 
         | Alas, building machines of destruction seems to the
         | prerogative.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | ausbah wrote:
         | I think it's a combination of science is simply harder because
         | the low picking fruits have mostly been picked, and
         | environments that lead to breakthroughs like fission appear
         | only under exceptional circumstances
        
         | [deleted]
        
           | nxm wrote:
           | Abys? lowest unemployment in 50 years (including for
           | minorities) before corona (out of his control) and first
           | president in 40 years to NOT start a war. Not to mention the
           | peace deals in the middle east. Give credit where it's due
        
         | beowulfey wrote:
         | You need a purpose behind progress. Look at any of the major
         | developments of the 20th century and there is something huge
         | providing the motivation.
         | 
         | Science continues on and incredible discoveries are made all
         | the time. But when it comes to _building_ incredible things...
         | there just isn't any push for it right now.
        
         | jonny_eh wrote:
         | I thought the Singularity is near because innovation is
         | accelerating. I'm perpetually confused.
        
           | dane-pgp wrote:
           | It is digital technology specifically where we are seeing
           | accelerating progress, largely because the progress
           | compounds, using one generation's machines to design and
           | produce the next generation's.
           | 
           | Also, most digital technology is developed outside of the
           | government procurement / military industrial complex, so all
           | the problems inherent to those systems do not apply.
           | 
           | If the Singularity is reachable, it doesn't depend on the
           | ability to create aircraft or weapons of any sort, whereas it
           | would be impossible to reach the Singularity without digital
           | technology.
        
         | supernova87a wrote:
         | Maybe someone with more industry knowledge or interesting
         | sources can corroborate --
         | 
         | But I believe that one of the things that happened to the
         | military aviation industrial complex was that in the WW2, early
         | Cold War era, planes and military development programs were
         | very much driven by _individuals_ or very small teams
         | responsible for designing the requirements, overseeing the
         | planning, and the outcome of new aircraft. That was how you got
         | such distinctive (and long lasting designs) that served well
         | the needs of the military, even in use up to today. Let 's call
         | it (using today's fashionable term, "passion" about the
         | aircraft, and unwillingness to put out a piece of crap.) You
         | could name who was responsible for an aircraft design.
         | 
         | But in the 1970s, 1980s, something happened where the size of
         | projects or the professionalization of military projects caused
         | them to have distributed (read, lack of) ownership by very
         | critical people, and instead by an anonymous/dispersed
         | "committee style" management. Also, the experts within the
         | military often left for better pastures at the contractors (NG,
         | LM, etc).
         | 
         | Add to that the requirement (by Congress, regulation) that you
         | couldn't just use your expert / private connections to other
         | experts to "get things done" and bring in contractors who had
         | expertise, and instead had to farm out RFPs to every company,
         | get their bland input, and fill out a heat map of who did what
         | best, and cobble together a solution "mutually acceptable to
         | all stakeholders".
         | 
         | So no longer was an aircraft project owned by someone who had
         | very certain opinions about what was needed, and not needed,
         | and who something should be designed for. But instead, projects
         | follow a certain recipe, hoping that form produces function,
         | yet not actually produce useful output because of what happens
         | when you lack ownership. You cannot today name who is
         | responsible for an aircraft design (I would say). It is the
         | metaphorical side project among many, of a large dispersed
         | group of people.
         | 
         | It seems to me something was missed in the migration to this
         | new method of working.
         | 
         | But as I said, I would love to hear corroborating observations
         | about whether this was a major factor.
        
           | cgearhart wrote:
           | At least three things happened:
           | 
           | - congressional oversight increased, with the result that the
           | purchasing authority is no longer generally the end user. We
           | aren't just buying a ship (plane, gun, etc.), we're
           | maintaining a logistics and manufacturing industrial base to
           | produce that type of item (and maintain jobs in congressional
           | districts). So maybe we _should_ buy a few more tanks
           | /ships/bombs than we need so that we don't forget how. (A bit
           | dubious, but it's one of the reasons we make the funding
           | decisions we do.)
           | 
           | - risk tolerance shrank. Especially in war time there was a
           | high tolerance for risk if the payoff was big enough. These
           | days our risk tolerance is basically zero. I once had to get
           | an admiral to sign off on a risk hazard assessment with an
           | estimated likelihood of ~1e-18 (you're more likely to win the
           | powerball jackpot _twice_ ). There was a cap that might pop
           | off an item at high speed during flight, and if it hit
           | someone they would probably miss a day of work. By the
           | likelihood/consequence framework for risk management, that
           | meant it required an admiral's signature. You can't move fast
           | in an environment like that.
           | 
           | - complexity increased. Old schools systems like a WW2 jeep
           | were designed and prototyped in 40 days because they were
           | incredibly simple and made liberal use of COTS parts. There's
           | an argument to be made that maybe we don't need such complex
           | systems to meet requirements, but I don't think anyone is
           | arguing that we should be replacing all the F-35 fleet with a
           | WW2-style aircraft. (Although there _have_ been proposals to
           | build super-simple aircraft for CAS missions, etc.)
        
             | Koshkin wrote:
             | I am not sure about "incredibly simple" in general though.
             | Look at how insanely sophisticated the P-51D fighter was,
             | for example. But sure, something in engineering as we see
             | it today, and around it, has been lost.
        
               | greedo wrote:
               | Or the B-29. That was arguably one of the most
               | sophisticated (and expensive) aircraft of the war.
        
             | wycy wrote:
             | > - risk tolerance shrank.
             | 
             | There's a lot of truth here and it plays out in even more
             | ways than that. I look back through documentation of legacy
             | systems and see so many things designed based on
             | "engineering judgement". Sizing for that bearing?
             | Engineering judgement. Thickness of other minor structure?
             | Engineering judgement.
             | 
             | Now, the load on every little thing requires a 50 page
             | engineering calculation report with figures, charts, and
             | tables, that takes 3 months to prepare and another month to
             | get reviewed by everyone. The littlest things now take
             | forever.
        
               | cgearhart wrote:
               | A month for review? Where is this _glorious Valhalla_?!
               | Navy flight certification checklist is a 2-3 column full
               | page of densely packed names for the approval authority
               | on all the different systems. It may take a month to
               | circulate your proposal to those folks just to get a
               | final list of the subset who will need to ultimately sign
               | off. We had cases where item X was used on USAF aircraft
               | Y, but it could not be used on Navy aircraft Z (which was
               | the same airframe) without literally tens of millions of
               | dollars in testing. Not because the loads on the
               | platforms were substantially different, but because the
               | test standards between USAF and USN were different and
               | the approval authorities wouldn't sign off otherwise.
               | (See also: zero risk tolerance.)
        
               | morei wrote:
               | There's a lot of things changed since the era of
               | 'engineering judgement'.
               | 
               | In the 50s and 60s when 'engineering judgement' was
               | common, it was a signal to a skilled machinist that "You
               | have more experience with the material, so use your best
               | guess because I don't know what the right answer is".
               | 
               | Things have changed a lot!
               | 
               | 1. Material quality is much higher. Which is to say that
               | batch-to-batch variance is vastly reduced. This means
               | that it's worth investing the effort in detailed
               | understanding of the material because that material is
               | more predictable. Which led to ...
               | 
               | 2. We understand a _LOT_ more about material science. Our
               | knowledge of materials is vastly higher, so things that
               | used to be 'best guess' are now 'do this because it will
               | reliably work'. e.g. Spallation and galling used to be
               | poorly understood issues that were worked around based on
               | personal experience and guesswork. Now we understand them
               | very well, and any competent manufacturer will clearly
               | explain exactly how to (eg) install their bearing in a
               | way that prevents such issues.
               | 
               | 3. Expertise shifted. The 'machinist' is no longer a
               | 20-year experienced highly trained person, but a CNC
               | operator, who probably won't be within eye-sight of the
               | running machine. So the practice of 'increase the RPM
               | until it chatters slightly then back off' doesn't cut it
               | any more. The answer needs to be known up-front to go
               | into the G-code, not 'feel'. This has led to the obvious
               | cycle where more responsibility moved to the engineering
               | end, which increased the demand for exact knowledge,
               | which reduced the requirements on machinists, which led
               | to lower skill, which further moved responsibility to
               | engineering.
               | 
               | So I totally get pining for the era of 'engineering
               | judgement', but it died for a reason and it's not really
               | likely to come back!
        
               | wycy wrote:
               | I would've thought your first 2 items there would help
               | increase the use of engineering judgement by reducing
               | pitfalls previous generations encountered. Your third
               | item is definitely a significant factor.
               | 
               | It's not so much that I yearn for the era of engineering
               | judgement so much as I yearn for refocusing on work
               | that's important. Not every little decision needs to
               | written up in professional report, circulated around
               | through multiple drafts, signed off by 4-5 people,
               | briefed out in slide deck form, then never read again.
        
           | TylerE wrote:
           | The F-35 broke the most important of Kelly Johnson's rules.
           | 
           | 15. Never do business with the (damned) Navy!
        
         | Karawebnetwork wrote:
         | > Fission was discovered in 1938/1939 and we dropped two bombs
         | on Japan in 1945. No chance we could do something like that in
         | this toxic environment of today.
         | 
         | I think that I am misunderstanding this paragraph. You mean the
         | speed at which a new inventions was put into production, right?
         | 
         | It could be my English failing me but putting it through a
         | translator did not help.
        
           | tdeck wrote:
           | As a native English speaker I had the same reaction (i.e.
           | "WTF what a disturbing sentiment!")
        
           | misiti3780 wrote:
           | Of course, I don't mean killing hundreds of thousands of
           | people was good, but it did end WWII, and presumably saved
           | lives that would have been lost via a land invasion (US +
           | USSR)
        
             | Karawebnetwork wrote:
             | This is far from how I learned it. I am not saying either
             | of us is right, just noticing how interesting it is that
             | historical facts taught differently completely change a
             | person's perception.
             | 
             | We will probably never learn the truth as none of us were
             | there.
             | 
             | I have always been told that Japan was already ready to
             | surrender and that dropping the bombs was simply the first
             | step into the cold war -- a bombing to show strength to the
             | USSR.
             | 
             | "The Japanese had, in fact, already sued for peace. The
             | atomic bomb played no decisive part, from a purely military
             | point of view, in the defeat of Japan." - Fleet Admiral
             | Chester W. Nimitz, Commander in Chief of the U.S. Pacific
             | Fleet
             | 
             | "The use of [the atomic bombs] at Hiroshima and Nagasaki
             | was of no material assistance in our war against Japan. The
             | Japanese were already defeated and ready to surrender
             | because of the effective sea blockade and the successful
             | bombing with conventional weapons" - Fleet Admiral William
             | D. Leahy, President Truman's Chief of Staff
             | 
             | "The first atomic bomb was an unnecessary experiment ... It
             | was a mistake to ever drop it ... [the scientists] had this
             | toy and they wanted to try it out, so they dropped it." -
             | Fleet Admiral William Halsey Jr., 1946
             | 
             | Etc.
        
               | Supermancho wrote:
               | > The first atomic bomb was an unnecessary experiment ...
               | It was a mistake to ever drop it ... [the scientists] had
               | this toy and they wanted to try it out, so they dropped
               | it.
               | 
               | That is a shockingly flippant quote that shows a lack of
               | critical analysis. Disappointing.
               | 
               | There was a political message in bombing Japan that
               | communicated to Russia (and supported China). There was
               | utility for the US. The Japanese were both divided and
               | weighing on who to surrender to. The Japanese Imperial
               | Army were notoriously staunch in their bushido teachings
               | and with a lack of cohesion at the highest ranks, some
               | would undoubtedly continue to follow orders. eg There
               | were tens of thousands ready to repel an American land
               | invasion in Kyushu* It had the desired effect in
               | practical Japanese military planning.
               | 
               | * https://www.stripes.com/news/special-reports/world-war-
               | ii-th...
        
               | the_af wrote:
               | > _There was a political message in bombing Japan that
               | communicated to Russia (and supported China). There was
               | utility for the US._
               | 
               | Agreed, outside the US this is a common understanding. If
               | you've visited the Hiroshima museum in Japan, you'll note
               | that's also the stated position of the museum: the
               | purpose of the bombings was not so much to defeat Japan,
               | but to show Russia what the US was technically capable of
               | and willing to pull off (I can't remember the exact
               | words, but this is the gist of the museum's position).
               | I'm not saying the museum is impartial on this topic, of
               | course -- that's just an example, and there are many
               | outside Japan too.
               | 
               | However, I've noticed that in online discussions with
               | people from the US, they often don't acknowledge this.
               | Perhaps because as a strategy it was long-term and cold-
               | blooded. So they focus on how Japan was a genocidal
               | empire, how the average citizen blindly followed the
               | Emperor and would fight to the death, how the atomic
               | bombs helped prevent more bloodshed, etc.
        
               | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
               | The common view in the US is distorted because as the
               | cold war developed people were shown a lot of propaganda
               | lionizing the US's victory and distracting from things
               | like the firebombing. When you talk to more serious
               | people in the US there's awareness of the point you're
               | making, you just won't find it in Hollywood's movie
               | version of things anytime soon.
               | 
               | A similar issue is how Band of Brothers, an otherwise
               | excellent show, re-enforced the idea that D Day happened
               | to stop the holocaust. Those who've read a bit more
               | history however know it was to stop the soviets from
               | marching all the way to Portugal, and that the US and
               | allies declined to take even simple measures like bombing
               | the railway lines to the death camps to fight the
               | holocaust. In particular the treatment of holocaust
               | survivors like a game of hot potato afterwards makes
               | clear what the priorities actually were.
        
               | misiti3780 wrote:
               | This book tells a different tale, but the author is
               | American:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Making_of_the_Atomic_Bo
               | mb
               | 
               | Great book nonetheless.
        
               | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
               | I researched this for a while some years ago. I'm no
               | professional historian, but I did find some key points
               | that are accurate to the best of my knowledge:
               | 
               | The key debate within Japanese leadership was what
               | conditions of surrender to accept. They'd known for some
               | time they were going to lose, but hoped to drag out an
               | invasion of Japan enough to get better concessions, keep
               | the Emperor in power etc.
               | 
               | The nuclear bombings ended up not playing a huge role in
               | their decision making. At the time all the major cities
               | in Japan had been firebombed except Kyoto. The fission
               | bomb technology was shocking, but ultimately it meant
               | they did with one bomb what had already been happening
               | via thousands. When the US firebombed Tokyo it killed
               | over 100,000 people in a single night, mostly women,
               | elderly men, and children. McNamara has said he believes
               | he'd have been convicted of war crimes for that had the
               | US not emerged the winner.
               | 
               | Russia steamrolling through Manchuria in just under 30
               | days, utterly routing the Japanese forces there weighed
               | heavily on the minds of Japan's leadership. Once Russia
               | declared war and was clearly committed to being part of
               | the invasion of Japan, they realized they most likely
               | would not be able to extract concessions by further
               | resistance.
               | 
               | It's a bit more complex than all that, and there is a
               | debate among historians on details of these points, but I
               | believe it's reasonably accurate. The simple narrative
               | that it saved US lives is a way of avoiding looking at
               | just how ugly things got.
        
               | the_af wrote:
               | > _This is far from how I learned it_
               | 
               | I'm also not from the US, and I was similarly surprised
               | when I found their position on this piece of history
               | differs with how it's learned in pretty much the rest of
               | the world.
               | 
               | Speak to someone outside the US about the nuking of
               | Hiroshima and Nagasaki: most, if not all, will say it was
               | a terrible thing, almost a war crime. In some (Western!)
               | countries the consensus is that it was a crime, but
               | because it was perpetrated by the victor, it went
               | unpunished. We outside of the US are also aware of the
               | dissenters who spoke against the bombing, how it wasn't
               | necessary, etc.
               | 
               | Speak about the same with someone from the US: more
               | likely than not, they'll admit it was a terrible thing,
               | but emphasize it was necessary to win the war, how the
               | Japanese were fanatical and weren't going to surrender
               | without heavy bloodshed, etc.
               | 
               | If anything, it's an interesting exploration of national
               | perceptions...
        
               | mywittyname wrote:
               | Americans are finally accepting the truth around Nagasaki
               | and Hiroshima. Especially now that so many documents
               | around the war on declassified.
               | 
               | But from the American perspective: it's easy to buy into
               | the false narrative that the nuclear bombs "saved lives."
               | We've all been raised with this notion that American is
               | Inherently Good and that anything Bad America did was for
               | the Greater Good.
               | 
               | The Post-911 world has made it more socially acceptable
               | to say that the country isn't inherently good (well,
               | maybe the Post-GFC world). We are allowed to acknowledge
               | the atrocities perpetrated in the past and have more open
               | and honest discussions about it.
        
               | misiti3780 wrote:
               | It may have been a war crime, not sure about that, it was
               | never officially a war crime, so it is what it is. My
               | understanding is basically the following:
               | 
               | Right before the bombs were dropped, the US was in a
               | situation where they were trying to end WW2 and they did
               | not want the Soviets to invade Japan (which they did
               | anyways). Before Trinity, the US was bombing the hell of
               | out of Japan already. ~100K Japanese died in Toyko in a
               | single night [2], and other cities were being bombed
               | also. The US was also under the impression (because of a
               | few previous land invasions) that the Japanese were
               | fighting to the death. There were mass suicides of 1000s
               | because the Japanese wanted to die instead of get
               | captured [1]. (The emperor did not agree to the Potsdam
               | Declaration after until the 2nd bomb was dropped) The US
               | was planning to invade but then Trinity worked and we of
               | course didnt.
               | 
               | I'm from the US, and I did not learn anything I am saying
               | in school, I read it on my own accord. It may be wrong,
               | but if it is wrong, tell me why it is wrong so I can
               | learn what is right.
               | 
               | Basically, if you are not from the US, what scenario do
               | the education systems think would have played out if
               | Truman didnt ok the bombs? Also, given the US avoided the
               | land invasion, how did that not save lives (US lives, but
               | lives nonetheless)?
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_Cliff [2]
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombing_of_Tokyo
        
         | drewvolpe wrote:
         | NASA just successfully sent a helicopter to Mars. We developed
         | two very effective vaccines using mRNA technology in a few
         | months and had it through FDA trials in under a year. CAR T
         | cell therapies (3 FDA approved and more coming) are changing
         | how we treat cancer. There's amazing technology all around you.
        
           | paganel wrote:
           | We as a species were sending stuff to Mars and to Venus
           | (which imho is a lot more interesting than Mars) back in the
           | '70s and '80s, not that much novelty in recent events (even
           | though I must admit the helicopter gimmick was interesting,
           | until the novelty very quickly worn off, that is).
           | 
           | > had it through FDA trials in under a year.
           | 
           | That was by political decision, at least that is my
           | understanding.
        
           | jeffreyrogers wrote:
           | Life sciences is about the only area of science that has
           | promising new technology coming out of it. Almost every other
           | area is incremental.
           | 
           | Nuclear reactor design: mostly already considered by the Navy
           | in the 50s and 60s.
           | 
           | Space Exploration: Space shuttle was reusable too. Rockets
           | that could land were demonstrated in the 90s IIRC (admittedly
           | SpaceX improved on this quite a bit).
           | 
           | Electric/Renewable Powered Aircraft: Soviet Union had a
           | hydrogen powered airliner.
           | 
           | I'm not saying the new stuff isn't impressive. It is and
           | those small improvements add up to a lot, but it's not
           | revolutionary in the way a jet engine or a nuclear reactor
           | was.
        
         | TaylorAlexander wrote:
         | That is a very strange sentiment about the bombs.
        
         | bborud wrote:
         | I might be mistaken, but I thought I'd seen the Skunkworks logo
         | being used when talking about the F-35. Which is kind of
         | pissing on the legacy of Skunkworks as Skunkworks effectively
         | stopped existing in the 1970s.
        
         | robotresearcher wrote:
         | The phone in my hand is a miracle of cool shit technology. And
         | a large fraction of the population of the world owns one.
         | 
         | We take the miraculous for granted when it's frequent, sigh
         | about the things we don't have, and declare its all terrible.
        
           | bhupy wrote:
           | A lot of it enabled by Defense projects too! (Internet, GPS)
           | 
           | I don't have a fully formed opinion around how I feel about
           | defense spending, but it's definitely complicated.
        
         | nickik wrote:
         | Thiel is wrong. What is happening in batteries is insane.
         | SpaceX is doing amazing things in space and many smaller
         | companies are doing great things too. Starlink itself is
         | revolutionary, Starship is arguably even more so.
         | 
         | And btw the advancements in batteries and EV is exactly what is
         | needed actually do flying cars, if that is even a good idea in
         | the first place.
         | 
         | Government programs are often massively badly managed,
         | politically captured, this is not new. But it doesn't mean
         | nobody is inventing anything new anymore.
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | I think your points are certainly common ones, but
         | unfortunately they rely on three major misunderstandings.
         | 
         | The first is that all the "cool shit" we built in the first
         | half of the century was the _low-hanging fruit_ of new
         | scientific understandings and materials.
         | 
         | It's not that we were smarter, it's nothing to do with
         | toxicity, it's just that we exhausted most of what you can
         | easily do with nuclear, steel, engines, etc.
         | 
         | The second misunderstanding is that we're not still building
         | amazing things. Being able to access Wikipedia or Google
         | through speech recognition, or talk to anyone in the world from
         | a cheap videophone in your pocket, is _astonishing_.
         | 
         | And the third is that flying cars somehow respresent the
         | future. But flying car enthusiasts only focus on the "cool"
         | aspect of it, rather than nuts-and-bolts issues like how they
         | could be fuel efficient, how an average driver will avoid fatal
         | crashes, if we really want urban skies filled with visual,
         | noise and emissions pollution, etc. Flying cars _exist_. But
         | they don 't make any economic or practical sense to use.
         | 
         | If you think we're still not accomplishing astonishing things
         | today, you're not paying attention. Did you notice, for
         | example, how multiple companies put together COVID vaccines in
         | record time? How is that not amazing?
        
           | sokoloff wrote:
           | Flying cars marry terrible airplanes with terrible cars. I'm
           | not sure what would cause that general rule to be broken, but
           | the demands of crash safety for cars add a lot of weight and
           | weight is the killer negative metric for aircraft.
        
         | chickenpotpie wrote:
         | Covid-19 has a vaccine less than a year into the first death in
         | The US, that's pretty nuts
        
           | woeirua wrote:
           | Not just a vaccine. A 95% effective vaccine. That's never
           | happened before in such a short time frame. The high efficacy
           | vaccines that most of us have been injected with took
           | _decades_ to develop.
        
         | heymijo wrote:
         | Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) [0]. You might have missed
         | this news.
         | 
         | It's a modern remix to the Kelly Johnson and Ben Rich days of
         | developing legendary aircraft at Lockheed's Skunkworks that you
         | lamented the loss of.
         | 
         | People in the know confirm it's legit and shocking, in a good
         | way. Especially compared to the failures of the F-35 and even
         | the F-22's development.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.airforcemag.com/article/ropers-ngad-bombshell/
        
           | hindsightbias wrote:
           | Building the hardware is easy, it's the systems and software
           | that will kill it, just like the F-35.
        
           | misiti3780 wrote:
           | I had not seen this, thanks.
        
           | silexia wrote:
           | Until we break new military developments away from the
           | political process of congress people funneling projects to
           | big companies in their districts regardless of competence we
           | will continue to see failure after failure in every area.
           | 
           | We saw many advances during world War I and world War II
           | because instead of rewarding companies with contracts that
           | voted for politicians, all everyone cared about was defeating
           | the enemy.
           | 
           | My suggestion is that the military should put out specs for
           | what it wants and then put out big cash prizes for getting it
           | done similar to what was done with the Covid vaccine. Say a
           | $1 billion prize for a modern tank design. And then a fixed
           | price for each one delivered thereafter.
        
           | tiahura wrote:
           | Roper is awesome. There's a video of him describing the role
           | of K8s in the next-gen process.
        
             | tomjakubowski wrote:
             | We are doomed.
        
           | jboog wrote:
           | Big if true but I'm super skeptical.
           | 
           | First of all how many years have we been hearing about how
           | we'll have fully autonomous vehicles just around the corner?
           | At least a decade.
           | 
           | How many years have we been hearing that human-like AI is
           | just around the corner? At least since the 60's.
           | 
           | I'm skeptical (although optimistic) about massive tech
           | breakthroughs in general. Even more so when it comes to
           | military tech since so many in the mil. industrial complex
           | stand to benefit from the trillions that the DoD sloughs off
           | every few years for the next big thing.
           | 
           | Not an aviator but spent almost a decade in the military. You
           | used to hear all the time about the latest and greatest tech
           | that was going to change the way we fight.
           | 
           | At least in my nearly 10 years nothing really changed in any
           | substantial way. incremental improvements, sure but no
           | massive breakthroughs like are continually trumpeted in
           | popular press.
           | 
           | I hope you're right though!
        
             | colechristensen wrote:
             | We won't have general human-comparable AI or autonomous
             | driving (or we will briefly until a few tragic things
             | happen and people come to their senses). Enthusiasts think
             | we will, but people underestimate what real intelligence
             | requires and confuse it with training complex statistical
             | models.
             | 
             | They call it AI, but the "intelligence" there is just a
             | name.
        
             | landryraccoon wrote:
             | No matter when it happens, I think that when General AI
             | shows up most of us will be shocked and surprised.
             | 
             | General AI showing up will be kind of like the discovery of
             | quantum mechanics and the nuclear bomb. No matter how much
             | speculative fiction we write about it, we won't be able to
             | predict ahead of time how transformative it will be on
             | society once it actually exists.
        
             | mellavora wrote:
             | not even drones?
        
         | RapidFire wrote:
         | We already have flying cars; they are called helicopters. I'm
         | not sure you want to live in a neighborhood that has people
         | commuting by helicopters; it would be very noisy.
         | 
         | Want an example of crazy cool shit we just accomplished? Covid
         | vaccine. Creating a vaccine/testing in less than a year and now
         | distributing it at such a massive scale will likely go down in
         | history as an event akin to the Manhattan Project.
        
         | federona wrote:
         | Thiel and his ilk are the reason we can't build cool shit
         | anymore. Look at PayPal, horrible outdated interface that is
         | still a kluge with old functionality glued to new functionality
         | because it's just too big to be too concerned, and horrible
         | customer service too. There is so much corruption and
         | profiteering due to monopolization of various industries that
         | this sort of behavior happens, Thiel is the guy who walks away
         | with all his money before shit from his philosophy hits the
         | fan; society being the bag man. Look at Trump who Thiel
         | supported or his general idea of a monopoly. Monopolies are
         | bad, competition and distribution is good. Thiel does not know
         | what he's talking about. The rich can capture all the value,
         | but what happens after that, they continue to capture all the
         | value and don't have to improve or innovate to continue to
         | exist, you can't hold them up to anything because what are you
         | going to do you are locked in.
         | 
         | Do things 10x better he says, and then you will have so much
         | network effect that you can do things 10x worse and people
         | still have a hard time getting rid of you.
        
         | aphextron wrote:
         | We're just fat, lazy, entitled, and lacking all motivation at
         | this point. In the 20th century we went from dropping grenades
         | out of cloth covered biplanes to shooting radar guided nuclear
         | missiles from supersonic jet fighters in 20 years because our
         | survival was at stake. Global hegemony has a predictable way of
         | softening societies that is empirically observable throughout
         | human history. Compare the pace of change and development in
         | the US to what is happening in China now, and you can see where
         | the global locus of innovation has shifted.
        
           | nathancahill wrote:
           | Yep, is it Fahrenheit 451 or another Ray Bradbury story where
           | the planes zip around the globe to start and end a war within
           | a couple minutes, without anyone really realizing or caring?
        
         | dustingetz wrote:
         | What's the source for the Thiel quote about "we just can't
         | build cool shit anymore"?
        
         | alasdair_ wrote:
         | > Fission was discovered in 1938/1939 and we dropped two bombs
         | on Japan in 1945. No chance we could do something like that in
         | this toxic environment of today.
         | 
         | The first thing that springs to mind is the fact that the
         | covid-19 vaccine was imagined, developed and started to be
         | synthesized over the course of a single weekend.
        
           | mlyle wrote:
           | > The first thing that springs to mind is the fact that the
           | covid-19 vaccine was imagined, developed and started to be
           | synthesized over the course of a single weekend.
           | 
           | Piggy-backing off the efforts of mRNA vaccines for the past
           | decade or two, and existing efforts for personalized cancer
           | immuno-oncology vaccines.
           | 
           | There ain't no chance you figure out the lipid nanoparticle
           | magic in a weekend.
           | 
           | (Indeed, it's not really figured out: what we have is
           | inadequate for mRNA drugs, which are the holy grail... but
           | the shortcomings were realized to be useful for vaccines ~a
           | decade ago).
        
         | RobLach wrote:
         | The F-35 program is spread across hundreds of vendors with
         | representatives grabbing a piece for their constituents. I
         | wouldn't be suprised if different diameter o-rings are coming
         | from different suppliers.
         | 
         | This is a strategic approach that both jacks up the price and
         | gives you plenty of powerful allies who will fight to keep the
         | program afloat.
         | 
         | They could very put such an aircraft together at half the cost
         | and time if cost and time were targets for the people deciding
         | to fund this.
        
         | solarhoma wrote:
         | What's going on with all the Reddit level comments below your
         | post?
         | 
         | I think you bring up great points. This could be a case of low
         | hanging fruit being picked. We are at the point where
         | everything being added is just bells and whistles since the
         | foundation has already been built.
        
           | choxi wrote:
           | That's what I was thinking, I wonder to what extent this is a
           | symptom of stagnation in physics.
        
             | solarhoma wrote:
             | Maybe it's just the calm before the storm.
        
           | misiti3780 wrote:
           | Not sure, I accidentally started a flamewar! I wouldnt
           | consider the atomic bomb low hanging fruit either, it took
           | many different breakthroughs in nuclear physics and
           | structural engineering to procure the isotopes.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | > Fission was discovered in 1938/1939 and we dropped two bombs
         | on Japan in 1945. > No chance we could do something like that
         | in this toxic environment of today.
         | 
         | Excellent!
        
         | Krasnol wrote:
         | But isn't the main reason for that "decline" that things get
         | complicated while all those easy and fast things have already
         | been invented?
        
         | balls187 wrote:
         | I test drove a Tesla.
         | 
         | Imo, it is cool shit.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | > I know Peter Thiel is not popular here, but his conversations
         | about technological progress seem to be spot on: we just cant
         | build cool shit anymore.
         | 
         | As opposed to the other PayPal dude that is building
         | spacecraft. It's more about what Peter Thiel can't do.
        
         | matthewmacleod wrote:
         | Nah, we build cool shit all the time. We just rolled out a
         | whole new vaccine technology across the world in under a year.
         | You never really wanted a flying car, and AI-driven tech is
         | everywhere but you just don't call it AI any more.
        
         | g9yuayon wrote:
         | I wonder if this has to do with the overall decline of
         | manufacturing in the US. Supply chains have been moving out of
         | the US so iteration will be slower and more costly. Fewer
         | talents would like to go to manufacturing. Fewer university
         | professors are researching traditional mechanics now, for
         | example, but more on "cutting-edge" stuff like nanometer
         | materials. We also get fewer and fewer highly trained workers
         | on lathing, welding, milling and etc over the years. As a
         | result, it gets more expensive and more risky to build
         | something as complex as F35.
        
           | colechristensen wrote:
           | No, its the acquisition process and administrative overhead.
           | 
           | If you give smart people with a good idea a lot of resources
           | to chase it while insulating them from people who want to
           | measure/validate/manage/mandate, you often get good results
           | and sometimes get complete failures.
           | 
           | It is a problem of middle management interfering with the
           | development process, red tape, trying to do everything at
           | once, and requirements that constantly change.
           | 
           | I read a headline and article like that and my immediate
           | reaction is the military leader probably wants to make a name
           | for himself spearheading a new plane - ambition on the part
           | of customers in military acquisition is a real problem. (why
           | are navy ships so big? because navy captains wouldn't feel as
           | important with more, smaller ships)
           | 
           | The problems have little to do with the end-stage production
           | manufacturing, and a lot to do with the engineering R&D.
        
         | marshmallow_12 wrote:
         | We want nuclear propulsion, not more boring jet engines. we
         | can't have jets, so why should we care if the Army has better
         | ones then 15 years ago.
        
           | jeffreyrogers wrote:
           | Nuclear propulsion in an aircraft? Isn't that going to spray
           | radioactive matter everywhere?
        
         | titzer wrote:
         | Clear requirements, small teams, small budgets, custom-built,
         | no over-thinking, absolutely must work, chop a path through the
         | jungle with a machete.
         | 
         | We do everything opposite these days: no thinking about
         | requirements, huge teams, no budget, off-the-shelf everything,
         | over-think everything, OK with failure (because golden
         | parachutes, team churn, and "blameless" culture), and wait 5
         | months for the bulldozers to get shipped here.
        
         | tlogan wrote:
         | I want just to add that Peter Thiel is one of the reason why we
         | cannot have / invent 'cool stuff'. But he is also not wrong
         | about what he saying: I'm just saying that it is not so simple.
        
           | centimeter wrote:
           | How do you blame Thiel for bureaucratic bloat in the US
           | government? NASA, the canonical example of a formerly
           | productive organization becoming hopelessly turgid, was
           | dysfunctional by the time he was a teenager.
        
             | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
             | Thiel believes that rent seeking monopolies are desirable
             | and necessary to enable innovation. He's plainly wrong
             | about that as a mater of economic science. Lockhead's use
             | of regulatory capture to extract as much money as possible
             | is directly in line with how Thiel thinks business should
             | be done.
        
               | tern wrote:
               | Rent seeking monopolies are the only organizational forms
               | that have generated fundamental military-industrial
               | innovation, historically speaking.
        
               | jeffreyrogers wrote:
               | I don't think Thiel thinks this. I think Thiel's argument
               | about monopolies is that good businesses act like
               | monopolies because they have no competition, i.e. it's
               | better to be Tesla[0] than to be starting a fast food
               | franchise. I don't agree with Thiel on this, I think
               | you're more likely to get rich in an area where there is
               | already demand, but Thiel is more focused on people that
               | pioneer new industries.
               | 
               | [0]: Yeah, I know there are other EV manufacturers, Tesla
               | is really not competing with them at this stage and never
               | really was.
        
             | mywittyname wrote:
             | You're giving NASA way, way, way too much credit. The
             | organization was a clusterfuck from the very beginning. The
             | only reason they managed to get anything done is because
             | top brass quickly figured out that they are primarily a
             | presidential vanity project.
             | 
             | There are some great interviews from the 70s on YouTube
             | with some of the first high ranking officials within NASA
             | speaking rather candidly about how terrible it was there.
             | Everyone hated them: Congress, Military Brass, the American
             | public.
        
         | throwaway6734 wrote:
         | We found multiple vaccines for Covid in less than 1 year.
        
         | dalbasal wrote:
         | Broad statements like Thiel's shouldn't be taken too literally.
         | I don't think the main point is the broad statement about the
         | trends themselves.
         | 
         | The main point is the classification: Flying Cars vs 140
         | Characters or Bits vs Atoms. FB is worth almost $1trn. No real
         | technical achievements or advancement. If fb didn't exist,
         | something else would be the friendster. Tesla, Apple, MSFT,
         | Google, etc. are closer to the flying cars end of that spectral
         | dichotomy. We could debate where.
         | 
         | Thiel attracts antagonists in the same way like leftists do.
         | Paypal, Palantir, his capital allocation theories & such are
         | not very performant on his own flying cars VS 140 characters
         | test. It's a hazard of being an idealist. The traditional
         | question a leftist authors get (chomsky, etc) is about selling
         | his books on amazon.
         | 
         | But yes. There certainly is a lot of failure in western
         | economies, especially in the "public-private" realm. These
         | aren't constructive failures, and this sort of stuff is deeply
         | limiting. You know, cutting edge aerospace engineering is
         | risky. Let's take easier examples. Why can't we procure
         | buildings or do basic infrastructure without scandals and
         | runaway costs?
         | 
         | Ancient civilizations managed to build incredible aqueduct
         | systems, public buildings, etc. We've regressed.
        
           | 015a wrote:
           | > Ancient civilizations managed to build incredible aqueduct
           | systems, public buildings, etc. We've regressed.
           | 
           | This feels like an extreme take.
           | 
           | (Most) Every city in America has a functional clean water
           | delivery network. Every city has electricity. Most cities
           | have sewage. Most cities have very nice paved roads.
           | 
           | This is billions of miles of pipes, wires, roads, bridges,
           | dams... Billions. And you're comparing what the US, and
           | actually most economies, have accomplished in this domain to
           | a handful of ancient roman aqueducts made of stone,
           | transporting barely potable water, and saying that modern
           | society has regressed? That's wild.
           | 
           | The public library in my city of ~800,000 people is twice the
           | size of the Parthenon. Hell, there's a LITERAL 1:1 Parthenon
           | replica in Nashville TN, which they basically built for the
           | hell of it as a showcase for a fair. Across the street from
           | me, they just finished up construction on a (I dare say,
           | beautiful and modern) 32 story apartment building; a building
           | like that would be the singular crown jewel of an ancient
           | civilization, more advanced and useful than anything Rome
           | ever built, and its not even remotely the only one in my 3rd
           | tier US city, let alone worldwide.
           | 
           | Sure, the Pyramids of Giza are impressive. 455 feet tall,
           | probably took a lifetime to build. You know who has a bigger
           | pyramid? Fucking North Korea; the Ryugyong Hotel, 1082 feet
           | tall, constructed in 1992. The Luxor Pyramid in Las Vegas is
           | 350 feet tall, and its part of a fucking casino. The Memphis
           | Pyramid in Tennessee, 321 feet tall, and its a BASS PRO SHOP.
           | The pride-and-joy of Ancient Egypt, the effort of an entire
           | civilization for decades, is nearly replicated in the US, and
           | we use it to sell bait and tackle for fishing.
           | 
           | Is that regression? No. Its progression. We've gotten so good
           | at putting buildings up and laying infrastructure that people
           | are no longer impressed by any of it. Its easy to look at a
           | Roman aqueduct as a massive feat of engineering; no one sees
           | the miles upon miles of pipes below an average city that
           | enable you to turn on a faucet and _always_ have water
           | (anomalous events aside like bad storms or the Flint crisis).
           | 
           | And now, squarely in the 21st century: No one sees the
           | thousands of servers it takes to power google.com. No one
           | sees the billions of miles of tiered fiber criss-crossing the
           | country. No one sees the ten million dollar cooling systems,
           | and the billions of person-hours that went into making it
           | possible for you to search for "boobs" and receive back 1.4
           | billion fully indexed and browseable results. People ignore
           | the 3.8 million pixels used to display those results on your
           | screen. They disregard the 13.2 billion transistors in their
           | graphics card, capable of 12 trillion floating point
           | operations per second, and that any human in the country can
           | order a laptop that has all of this and have it delivered to
           | their doorstep in 48 hours. Even more impressively; most
           | people can afford it.
           | 
           | The problem isn't that we've regressed. The problem is that
           | we've lost appreciation for where we have progressed. Sure, a
           | lot of it is by private corporations; but a lot of it isn't.
           | And if that's what it takes to actually drive humanity
           | forward, maybe that's the path we need to take.
        
             | throwanem wrote:
             | Nitpick because I used to live there: the Memphis Pyramid,
             | aside from being a miserable goddamned eyesore, is actually
             | an arena. I think if anything that would make it more
             | legible to a lot of ancient cultures, which also took sport
             | seriously and invested heavily in their own venues for it.
             | Bass Pro Shops just pays upkeep to put their logo on it,
             | just like with every other stadium in the country - Camden
             | Yards here in Baltimore has gone through probably five or
             | six such sponsors in the two decades I've lived here.
             | 
             | (It's not even a miserable goddamned eyesore on account of
             | being monumental! If they'd faced it in basalt or nitrided
             | steel, it could be an amazing excrescence of the _Blade
             | Runner_ aesthetic into reality, and I 'd love it. But, in a
             | literally blinding display of architectural tastelessness,
             | they had to go and make it _reflective_...)
        
               | 015a wrote:
               | I believe the Memphis Pyramid used to be a basketball
               | arena, but that was shut down a few years back, and now
               | it just serves as a Bass Pro Shop storefront.
        
               | throwanem wrote:
               | Oh wow, OK. Wikipedia:
               | 
               | > In 2015, the Pyramid re-opened as a Bass Pro Shops
               | "megastore", which includes shopping, a hotel,
               | restaurants, a bowling alley, and an archery range, with
               | an outdoor observation deck adjacent to its apex.
               | 
               | I was going to make a Laser Moon joke [1], but then I
               | read further down in the same article and saw that the
               | Pyramid does in fact now also have laser tag, and I just
               | don't know how to top that.
               | 
               | [1] https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Lu9dUG3_KNA
        
           | greedo wrote:
           | I'm no fan of FB, but to dismiss the value of a platform
           | where you can reach 5B users is a mistake.
        
         | inglor_cz wrote:
         | SpaceX is an interesting exception. They innovate really fast,
         | their pace resembles that of the positive examples you mention.
        
           | Schweigi wrote:
           | Their advantage is that they are very mission driven and
           | don't really have to answer to anyone. I think its one of the
           | key ingredients why Elon's companies & adventures are so
           | successful. A company or organization which is pulled in
           | different directions because of politics or financial
           | influence is always at a disadvantage.
        
           | injidup wrote:
           | But SpaceX can can develop a tin can fast because it is not
           | expected to have martians shooting at it. Imagine planning to
           | go to Mars but your tin can had to be stealthy, manoeuvrable
           | and armed to the teeth. You'd get Ripley's drop ship!
        
           | grecy wrote:
           | Agree 100% Literally all the "experts" said it was impossible
           | to land the booster, and now it's almost routine.
           | 
           | Nobody else in the industry can achieve what SpaceX have done
           | successfully 40 times.
        
             | hef19898 wrote:
             | Experts from EASA didn't say it was impossible, but rather
             | not economicaly feasible. And with SpaceX not publishing
             | any financials we have no way to tell which side is right.
        
               | grecy wrote:
               | Are you really suggesting that throwing away a booster
               | worth many tens of millions of dollars is more
               | economically feasible than reusing it?
               | 
               | Elon makes it pretty clear in this tweet it's _very_
               | financially sound to bring back a booster
               | 
               | "Payload reduction due to reusability of booster &
               | fairing is <40% for F9 & recovery & refurb is <10%, so
               | you're roughly even with 2 flights, definitely ahead with
               | 3"
               | 
               | https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1295883862380294144?l
               | ang...
        
               | raphaelj wrote:
               | A payload reduction of 30-40% is huge. And even if refurb
               | and recovery is less than 10%, you still loose the 2nd
               | stage at every lunch (18% of the rocket by weight). You
               | then have to include the extra development costs and
               | additional risk of failure.
               | 
               | I highly doubt they hit break-even with only two
               | launches, the math just doesn't add up.
               | 
               | If reusing rocket was so profitable, there is a high
               | chance someone else would have done it before. Landing a
               | rocket isn't totally new tech. NASA did it on the moon
               | 50y ago.
        
               | shazmosushi wrote:
               | After the massively incorrect analysis by popular
               | YouTuber Thunderf00t, I made a video analyzing SpaceX's
               | reusability https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=36o4UrS9OS4
               | It's 8 minutes but I recommend watching at 2 times speed.
               | 
               | The latest numbers are that the marginal cost of relaunch
               | is $15 million, with $10 million of that the second
               | stage. Refurbishment cost is 27 days with a $1 million
               | refurbishment cost (not $250,000 as I mistakenly said in
               | the video, see description). The net effect is the cost
               | of marginal cost of reflight is approximately 25% but the
               | payload reduction is 30%, which leads to a break even
               | point of 3 launches. After 10 flights, the cost to orbit
               | per kilogram is halved. SpaceX has demonstrated 8 flights
               | of a single booster.
               | 
               | Note, these are all using SpaceX's own numbers (but so
               | was the payload reduction and original reuse cost
               | figures). It depends on recovering the $6 million fairing
               | (which does not happen every mission). All numbers are
               | sourced from an Aviation Week May 2020 podcast that I
               | linked to. Yes, the cost numbers are from SpaceX but the
               | only public refurbishment cost analogue we have is their
               | 27 day turnaround time.
               | 
               | SpaceX are currently operating at a sixth of the rest of
               | the industry and use their cost advantage to launch 60
               | Starlink satellites at their $15 million marginal cost.
               | 
               | The traditional military-industrial complex with cost-
               | plus accounting is "subcontractors all the way down", and
               | the incentives weren't aligned to make an industry
               | dominating rocket until arguably the 1990s commercial
               | satellite boom (eg, the original Iridium constellation).
               | Until 2008, there hadn't ever been a privately funded
               | rocket reach orbit ever. Until SpaceX. Prior rockets we
               | designed, owned and approved by the US government under
               | World War 2-era cost-plus accounting arrangements.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | There were mutiple reason, citing from top of my head as
               | I don't find he old paper anymore. Reasons were:
               | 
               | - Reliability and insurance costs - limited number of
               | launches - refurbishment costs of boosters ompared to new
               | ones - heavier and more expensive boosters to make them
               | reusable
               | 
               | This paper was way before SpaceX tried that. And whther
               | or not reusable boosters are really a financial success
               | is impossible to tell without published financials from
               | SpaceX. The paper alsosaid, that reusable boosters become
               | interessting with a high number of commercial launches,
               | something they didn't see to happen. And that part alone
               | makes Starlink so interessting, because it is basically
               | SpaceX increasing its own number of launches.
        
               | greedo wrote:
               | If you're seriously arguing that F9 reuse is not a
               | financial success, then you're not paying attention.
               | Flight insurers "like" the F9 since it has proven itself
               | reliable. Otherwise you're arguing that SpaceX is either
               | a welfare queen, or a ponzi scheme.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | I am citing an old paper from EASA. Again, how the true
               | financials are is impossible to tell without SpaceX
               | finances. Which we don't have. Except for really old
               | leaks. And even with these numbers, we would have to
               | account for Starlink launches.
        
               | greedo wrote:
               | Spacex couldn't afford to launch Starlink if F9 wasn't
               | dirt cheap. So either it's cheap or some financial
               | strategy is hiding money? EASA has underestimated SpaceX
               | from day one.
        
         | elorant wrote:
         | Well we built two mRNA vaccines in less than a year. I'd call
         | that pretty fucking awesome.
        
           | kube-system wrote:
           | Technically the vaccine (at least the moderna one) was built
           | in 48 hours. They had it prepared before they even had a
           | sample of the virus. Chinese researchers uploaded the genetic
           | sequence to the net and that was all moderna needed to build
           | the vaccine. It was trials/testing/approval that took the
           | rest of the time. Truly some mind-blowing stuff.
        
         | greedo wrote:
         | I would put up designing an mRNA vaccine in less than a year to
         | show that we can make technological progress when the desire is
         | present.
        
         | jksmith wrote:
         | Well your single customer is your paycheck and your deal with
         | the devil. If you triple the price of what you really think it
         | will take because the gov will be inflating dollar supply by
         | double digits every year and you're working a 10 year project,
         | then the gov may go for a different/multiple contractors. So
         | you have to just milk the project for as long as you can beyond
         | 10 years and hope you can dollar/cost over time for the best
         | profit. Lockheed should offer a store of value price and a
         | dollar price. Otherwise, this is the new standard for long-term
         | gov contracts. Lockheed can't lay their legendary game down
         | when dealing with this kind of client. Is what it is.
        
           | konjin wrote:
           | Since your customer also will bail you out when you fail
           | what's the point in even trying? It's a lot more profitable
           | to bill like your planes work, but to provide planes made out
           | of cardboard.
           | 
           | Until you start executing companies (or CEOs) for
           | incompetence you will keep getting the same results.
        
             | jksmith wrote:
             | Yeah, but that's a pots and kettles issue. We are
             | commenting from our mountain about a business that has
             | dropped into the gutter. None of the parties will change.
        
           | cool_dude85 wrote:
           | They have to rip the government off to stave off inflation?
           | How's inflation been looking, oh, these past 40 years or so?
        
             | jksmith wrote:
             | Hah, and throw in this dimension: Don't need F35's
             | patrolling the Persian Gulf, because the need for oil is
             | disappearing. Can't fuel those planes with petrodollars,
             | just burning paper. This is not good.
        
             | konjin wrote:
             | I'm sure that the 50th time in the last 20 years I've heard
             | we will have hyper inflation will be the time it happens.
             | Any day now the house of cards build will fall and gold
             | will be the only currency worth anything.
        
         | jetrink wrote:
         | > Now, read about Skunkworks - they were able to build the SR71
         | (without supercomputers) in less than half that time and for a
         | fraction of the cost.
         | 
         | Not to mention the F-16 itself, which the F-35 was meant to
         | replace:
         | 
         | 1972: RFP for prototypes
         | 
         | 1974: Maiden flight of the first prototype
         | 
         | 1975: Production begins
         | 
         | 1980: The aircraft officially enters service
        
           | hef19898 wrote:
           | The F-117 as well. A marvelous plane, and development
           | program.
        
           | coldcode wrote:
           | The F16 was designed and built originally by General
           | Dynamics, Lockheed bought it much later. I worked on it early
           | in my career at GD.
        
             | kilroy123 wrote:
             | Any interesting stories you can share from that time? I'd
             | love to hear more.
        
           | whalesalad wrote:
           | Lockheed is synonymous with Skunk Works ... the F-35 was a
           | Lockheed project. I can guarantee a lot of the engineers who
           | worked on those legendary aircraft also participated in the
           | JSF.
        
             | jeffreyrogers wrote:
             | Organizations change. I heard recently at Skunk Works the
             | engineers were told by some bureaucrats that they couldn't
             | change the skunk logo (they had a modified version for some
             | project). It's like how Boeing used to be a great
             | engineering organization and now isn't.
             | 
             | The sad thing is when a downturn happens those bureaucrats
             | saying you can't change the logo will probably keep their
             | jobs while the engineers who could probably be making
             | pretty cool stuff if they had better leadership will be out
             | of work.
        
             | labcomputer wrote:
             | F-16 was a joint Northrop and General Dynamics project.
             | Manufacturing rights were only sold to Lockheed in the
             | 90's.
        
         | asah wrote:
         | COVID vaccine had entered the chat. 6 months vs 4-10+ years
         | previously, and 4+ vaccines at once.
        
         | wwww4all wrote:
         | Look at current society. Who wants to spend decades studying
         | STEM and working for average salary these days?
         | 
         | Tik Tok stars and Twitch bros and ethots are making multi
         | million dollars playing games.
         | 
         | This country can't build a functioning high speed rail system,
         | that other countries built 30 years ago. How can we build an
         | airplane now?
         | 
         | Public school teachers and teachers unions are opposed to
         | opening schools. They never cared about kids and education.
         | 
         | US is at bread and circuses stage of decline. Time to accept
         | reality and deal with it appropriately.
        
         | mmaunder wrote:
         | For more detail on how effective Skunkworks was, read Kelly
         | Johnson's book. It was recommended to me by a buddy at JPL and
         | it's a wonderful view into how they did things on time and
         | below budget on projects like the SR71.
         | 
         | Not an affiliate link: https://www.amazon.com/Kelly-More-Than-
         | Share-All/dp/08747449...
        
           | dharmab wrote:
           | I love the problem solving stories. My favorite is the one
           | about transporting the prototype from Washington to Nevada on
           | a very wide trailer- which involved sawing signposts apart
           | and bribing a bus driver...
        
         | jc01480 wrote:
         | Given a compelling need for innovation we could potentially do
         | that. But today's innovation is about social equities. Billions
         | will be pumped into that for the next decade until - heaven
         | forbid- there's a new need for tools to perform catastrophic
         | things.
        
         | medium_burrito wrote:
         | You misunderstand the purpose the F35- it is a jobs and pork
         | program first and foremost, like SLS. It has the side benefit
         | of keeping people trained to build this sort of thing, so
         | SpaceX can hire them.
         | 
         | We can build cool shit, but our government and most companies
         | don't optimize for that.
        
           | tdubhro1 wrote:
           | Exactly, the US defence industry is a politically acceptable
           | version of a welfare state
        
           | 3nf wrote:
           | I have always assumed this and the $500 toilet seats are just
           | making room for black projects. There were no publicly
           | visible budgets for the U2/F117 projects.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | fallous wrote:
             | I had a friend who, many years ago, got a military contract
             | to manufacture an item. I jokingly asked him if he was
             | competing with $1200 hammers and $500 toilet seats and his
             | response was "if you had any idea how much paperwork and
             | red tape is involved in doing anything with the government
             | you'd say that the $500 toilet seat was under-priced and
             | the contractor probably lost money on every one."
        
               | spiritplumber wrote:
               | that's my experience too.
               | 
               | Basically it's the same PITA when it comes to getting
               | things countersigned, approved etc. for spending $200 in
               | parts as it is for spending $2000 in parts. So might as
               | well order in bulk.
        
               | treeman79 wrote:
               | My dad was involved in military aircraft purchasing.
               | 
               | It was very tricky to avoid getting in trouble.
               | 
               | Putting stuff out to bid was the main thing he managed.
               | When possible he just went with previous winners as it
               | cut down the paperwork needed.
               | 
               | Lot of times someone would come in really low on the bid,
               | he knew the people and that it would be crap product. So
               | lots of work to get higher bids approved.
               | 
               | Also apparently if you get a ride in the company
               | limousine, the drivers have tons of juicy gossip.
        
               | temp667 wrote:
               | In some places the cost to do a govt deal can be many
               | multiplates easily (and totally justified) normal cost.
               | 
               | The hammer is not actually $1,200. The paperwork can
               | easily be.
               | 
               | Do you have McBride Principles stuff done and documented?
               | Have you trained your staff on McBride principles if they
               | might purchase supplies, documented it and maintained
               | proper documentation (this is about something in Northern
               | Ireland which has very little to do with buying snacks
               | for a kids program). Repeat x100. Where I am the
               | ethnicity / race / national origin stuff is huge, and the
               | different agencies don't have a common set of labels. So
               | you are stuck asking everyone very personal questions
               | even they don't understand. I mean, for ethnicity you are
               | one thing, for race there is another set of labels, so
               | you have to ask them the same race question 4 times under
               | each random set of labels that are being used, for
               | national origin another set etc.
               | 
               | The actual quality of your hammer? Never tested. The
               | details on the paperwork - lots of folks looking and
               | nitpicking. Some of this just starts as a resolution at
               | some level, that gets added on and added on over and
               | over. So some politician will say McBride principles are
               | great. 2 years later a contract analyst or internal
               | auditor asks, how are we documenting / demonstrating
               | compliance with this requirement. They then push their
               | vendors to train staff involved in purchasing on the
               | principles. Then they want documentation of that
               | training. Each one in isolation is a small waste, but at
               | scale it's a monumental waste.
               | 
               | What's even funnier, stuff stays forever. There are
               | requirements in contracts to hand out old IRS forms (W-5)
               | for Advance EITC - that program is long gone, but you
               | still have to hand out the forms - and tell staff that if
               | they fill them out and submit them nothing will happen.
               | Sure builds staff faith in govt efficiency.
               | 
               | You can't even argue this stuff, I used to try and it's a
               | brick wall.
               | 
               | I can't stand it, but if you can push paper and have some
               | political pull it's a gravy train, because cost / quality
               | is so low on the basis of selection list. This tends to
               | attract the wrong type of company (ie, scammers get a lot
               | further than they should, and companies delivering good
               | product don't).
        
           | jvanderbot wrote:
           | This is a fun talking point, but the reality is more complex.
           | The fact that jobs and multi-state payouts are _leveraged_ to
           | ensure programs have political staying power does not mean
           | that the whole shebang is just a corporate  / political
           | handout.
           | 
           | It just seems to be what people say when these programs
           | _fail_ , but I don't hear this said about programs that have
           | succeeded.
        
             | Supermancho wrote:
             | > This is a fun talking point, but the reality is more
             | complex
             | 
             | Not for this project.
        
           | zdragnar wrote:
           | More than that, thr SR-71 was purpose-built. That means fewer
           | hands on thr steering wheel, and fewer compromises to achieve
           | multiple missions.
           | 
           | The F-35, by comparison, was a platform vehicle, with the
           | base suited to adapting to a variety of capabilities and
           | missions. That means more voices demanding priority of
           | features, more expensive engineering to get a variety of
           | polygon pegs into the same round hole, and many first-of-its-
           | kind features for a variety of ancillary tasks.
           | 
           | No real surprise that it didn't work out.
        
             | chaoticmass wrote:
             | I am always reminded of this scene HBO movie The Pentagon
             | wars when I read about the F-35.
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXQ2lO3ieBA
        
             | tablespoon wrote:
             | > The F-35, by comparison, was a platform vehicle, with the
             | base suited to adapting to a variety of capabilities and
             | missions. That means more voices demanding priority of
             | features, more expensive engineering to get a variety of
             | polygon pegs into the same round hole, and many first-of-
             | its-kind features for a variety of ancillary tasks.
             | 
             | > No real surprise that it didn't work out.
             | 
             | For a humorous presentation of this, watch the movie
             | _Pentagon Wars_ :
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXQ2lO3ieBA
        
             | VectorLock wrote:
             | Exactly this. Hyper specialized boundary pushing things are
             | easy compared to general purpose good for everything
             | projects.
        
               | dbreunig wrote:
               | Our vaccine effort is a perfect example of this. We got
               | heroic, efficient results in developing vaccines because
               | the requirements were so clear.
               | 
               | Distribution is much, much harder!
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | The basic concept isn't even a terrible one. It was a
               | reaction to the _many_ functionally-overlapping aircraft
               | that the various service branches were having designed
               | and built. But it seems clear at this point that the F-35
               | tried to be too general purpose.
        
             | jvanderbot wrote:
             | AND, the problem with F-35, as stated directly in the
             | article, was not that we CANNOT build cool things, its that
             | we didn't need something too fancy, and it became too fancy
             | through add-ins that were not slated as requirements.
        
             | sandworm101 wrote:
             | >> More than that, thr SR-71 was purpose-built.
             | 
             | Not really. The SR-71 was the final plane of an extended
             | program called OXCART which created the A-12. The program
             | was nominally to replace the U2, but even oxcart was within
             | a large aircraft design plan. There was even a interceptor
             | (YF-12) that was meant for shooting down Valkyrie-class
             | mach3+ bombers. These aircraft were very similar to the 71,
             | so similar that most people seeing them might not spot any
             | difference. Any assessment of the 71's development costs is
             | therefore very difficult.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_YF-12
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_A-12
             | 
             | "YF-12C: Fictitious designation for an SR-71 provided to
             | NASA for flight testing. The YF-12 designation was used to
             | keep SR-71 information out of the public domain."
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | raverbashing wrote:
             | Yeah it was "design by (military) committee" turned to 11
             | 
             | I'm surprised it got off the drawing boards
        
           | stefan_ wrote:
           | And you still get the military benefits from that. Like the
           | value of Starlink for military operations is huge.
        
           | nemothekid wrote:
           | Yes, a while back I was interested "where does billions we
           | spend on national defense actually go" and I came to the
           | conclusion that the DoD is really just a giant jobs program.
           | 
           | Ultimately I think the reason we don't have things like
           | flying cars is that the private sector gets stuck in local
           | maxima (such as getting people to click ads) and in the
           | public sector it's very hard to have focused time-blocked
           | short term goals.
        
             | bun_at_work wrote:
             | This isn't entirely true. The US subsidizes military costs
             | for all of our allies. It costs a lot, and a huge amount of
             | funds go to that.
             | 
             | There are parts that are like jobs programs, and the
             | contractors intentionally drive up costs as part of their
             | business model, but there are also real expenses to
             | maintaining stability across the parts of the world where
             | our military operates.
        
               | dsr_ wrote:
               | The foreign military aid is _also_ a jobs program.
               | 
               | It gives money to US manufacturers by giving money to
               | other countries that they have to use to buy US products.
        
               | KDJohnBrown wrote:
               | The justification for foreign aid to Israel is always
               | pretty much "but it's OK because most of it comes back to
               | us via arms sales". Essentially billions of dollars of
               | American taxpayer wealth transferred to defense
               | contractors laundered through the IDF.
        
               | agsamek wrote:
               | Read more about petro-dollar scheme. Basically US
               | provides military services to oil producers in exchange
               | for global tax. This is only possible if US is able to
               | retain their military position. So every dollar you think
               | is being subsidized to allied countries is in fact paid
               | back with lots of premium from all countries - both
               | allies and enemies.
        
               | medium_burrito wrote:
               | You do know the US is now the world's #1 oil producer
               | (and food producer).
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | >>> The US subsidizes military costs for all of our
               | allies.
               | 
               | Speaking as one of those allies... not really. Often
               | times US allies spend money they really don't want to in
               | order to keep the US happy. Canada and the UK probably
               | wouldn't have invaded Afghanistan if not for their
               | obligations as US allies. That certainly wasn't cheap.
               | Canada is soon to replace its fighter fleet. Will it buy
               | to cheaper Saab Grippen? Or will it feel obligated to buy
               | the 35, a US program that Canada has paid into (aka
               | subsidized) for many years without actually receiving any
               | aircraft?
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | johnzim wrote:
               | This argument would be more persuasive if more countries
               | actually met their recommended NATO spend. In reality it
               | doesn't hold up to scrutiny.
               | 
               | Take for instance Germany. The federal republic increased
               | their spend to $63.8b last year but that's still a
               | shortfall of ~$27b relative to what a 2% spend would be.
               | 
               | Aggressive estimates (above official estimates) of the
               | UK's (a similar sized ally) spending on Afghanistan in
               | 2011m put the total figure at $26b for 10 years.
               | 
               | The cumulative shortfall in NATO contributions for
               | Germany over that period is more than 10 times greater
               | than the entire invasion and continued operations in
               | Afghanistan during that period.
               | 
               | (edit: grammar and dollar signs)
        
               | wongarsu wrote:
               | The "recommended NATO spend" is just another way the US
               | is costing its allies money. Sure, in 2019 Germany only
               | spent $50bn (1.3% of GDP). But if the hypothetical enemy
               | is Russia with a military budget of $65bn, then what's
               | the point of spending $80bn? Especially if you are in a
               | treaty that ensures you don't have to defend yourself
               | alone.
        
               | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
               | And that argument would be more persuasive if so much
               | NATO spend wasn't funnelled back to the US in both direct
               | and indirect ways.
               | 
               | The UK has Trident and was supposed to be buying F-35s. A
               | number of UK military and civilian aerospace projects
               | were either cancelled (various examples) or crippled
               | commercially (Concorde) because of US interference.
               | 
               | The Afghanistan and Iraq misadventures are still causing
               | significant political costs across Europe. Meanwhile the
               | US has failed to protect the EU against some obvious and
               | immediate threats, including political interference.
               | (Although to be fair it hasn't even protected itself -
               | which is a different problem.)
               | 
               | In any case - the US really isn't a credible victim of
               | exploitation in any of this.
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | Note that I did not mention germany, rather the US and
               | canada, while the OP said "all of our allies". No two
               | countries are ever the same. And NATO /= USA. There are
               | lots of other organizations which would quality a country
               | as an "ally" of the US other than NATO. Canada and the UK
               | are linked to the US through numerous other organizations
               | (eg NORAD).
        
               | johnzim wrote:
               | Canada's defence spend last year was $22.2b
               | 
               | As they only met 1.31% of their 2% spend (which would be
               | $37.5b) the shortfall is ~$15.3b annually.
               | 
               | Still sounds like a bargain.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | Why do you think Germany is looking at the F/A-18 to
               | replace parts of their aging Tornado fleet?
        
               | wongarsu wrote:
               | Because the Eurofighter can't carry the nuclear bombs
               | that the US has stationed in Germany, and Germany wants
               | to be the one providing the pilots and aircraft that
               | deliver them.
        
               | secfirstmd wrote:
               | Also the Eurofighter has no decent and built jamming
               | setup compared to the EA-18
        
             | mywittyname wrote:
             | It's White Collar Welfare. As long as your semi-
             | intelligent, college educated, and socially connected, you
             | can easily get a DoD-related job.
             | 
             | Also, we don't have flying cars because that would be
             | ridiculously impractical. They would be essentially
             | helicopters, which would drink gas and be exponentially
             | more deadly to operate.
             | 
             | There are lots of scientist and inventors around inventing
             | cool new stuff. And there's plenty of research dollars
             | available to anyone with a Ph.D and some grant writing
             | abilities. It's absolutely possible to make a good career
             | out of being an inventor and getting a government to flip
             | the bill on it.
             | 
             | The issue is that we've reach the point in society where
             | technological progress in incremental. Instead of three
             | guys inventing a revolutionary device like the transistor,
             | we have thousands of people working on making marginal
             | improvements to battery chemistry.
             | 
             | Every industry is like that now. Something like four guys
             | entirely designed the original small block Chevy motor, but
             | today, GM has like 400 people designing just fuel system
             | components for the ancestor of that engine. Innovation, it
             | seems, is O(n^2).
        
               | Martin_Beck wrote:
               | This is studied by economists! "Growth is slowing down at
               | the same time as we're spending ever more money on
               | research and development. So what that tells us is it's
               | just taking more and more dollars of R&D to increase
               | growth, or to increase output, to keep growth at a
               | reasonable rate. And the only way to tie these together
               | is it's just getting harder and harder to find new
               | ideas."
               | 
               | https://freakonomics.com/podcast/no-new-ideas/
        
               | mattkrause wrote:
               | > And there's plenty of research dollars available to
               | anyone with a Ph.D and some grant writing abilities
               | 
               | Do tell.
               | 
               | NIH paylines (i.e., the percentage of grants funded) are
               | in the teens, with some institutes at/near single digits.
               | NSF is a bit better, but the awards are much smaller. I
               | don't think DARPA, CDMRP, (etc) have explicit Paylines,
               | but the programs are very competitive as well.
        
             | JohnJamesRambo wrote:
             | I keep seeing people say this. Maybe flying cars just don't
             | make sense? Wheels work really well when your engine dies.
             | Have you seen people drive in 2d space? You want to add a z
             | axis? What's the efficiency of a small plane? Surely not
             | better than a Prius.
             | 
             | Edit: I looked it up and a Cessna gets ~15 mpg.
        
               | heelix wrote:
               | The maths are about right for MPG. Time is what you
               | (might) save. I'll get around that at cruise - 135kts or
               | 155mph @ ~ 10gal/hour. Better fuel usage if you slow down
               | a bit. Tempted to say if you slowed down to max Prius
               | speeds on the autoban, the C182 might be more fuel
               | efficient. I'm sure it gets 50mpg at 75mph, but doubt it
               | gets that at 109mph.
        
               | bhupy wrote:
               | > Maybe flying cars just don't make sense?
               | 
               | I think it's just a placeholder metaphor to represent
               | <hypothetical futuristic "thing" that increases our
               | quality of life as a society>
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | But also, the fact that it was impractical is itself a
               | metaphor -- it turns out many of the things they thought
               | would be cool and futuristic were actually impractical
               | when you get to the details.
        
               | PicassoCTs wrote:
               | The reason you don't get flying cars, is the very same,
               | you cant make a lot of other technology. People will want
               | to invent the flying car parking house. And they kind of
               | did - on the 11 of September 2001. You can not hand
               | technology over a certain level to a infantile (nicer
               | sound then retarded) species. Its that simple.
               | 
               | Its already madness to allow wealthy citizens into space.
               | Tesla and Amazon are one freight flight to space, filled
               | with tungsten rods, away from becoming there own nation -
               | with non-nuclear deterrence. That somebody - whoever it
               | is, out there is getting humankinds tech progress to a
               | grinding halt, is a blessing in disguise. We actually do
               | not even get a honest discussion about the risks on this
               | path.
               | 
               | Problem is though, we always scienced our way out of our
               | problems with our volatile nature. Tap some energy here,
               | create some fertilizer there, oversupply solves the
               | problems we do not want to solve. Exponential supply for
               | exponential unchecked demand.
               | 
               | Enter social tech- in theory we could limit ourselves,
               | could curb our demands, could become starving monks in
               | the desert, hypnotized by coloured lights playing across
               | enchanted stones. This seems to be the road we need to
               | take, for the other road to be traverse-able.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | > Its already madness to allow wealthy citizens into
               | space.
               | 
               | ??
               | 
               | > filled with tungsten rods, away from becoming there own
               | nation - with non-nuclear deterrence.
               | 
               | In WW1, they tried dropping flechettes onto troops.
               | Didn't work.
               | 
               | As for becoming a nation, that's hardly going to work
               | without the launch/recovery site being part of that
               | nation.
        
               | FpUser wrote:
               | >"...This seems to be the road we need to take..."
               | 
               | We who? You are more than welcome to starve in a desert.
               | Just do not count on any companionship.
        
               | Guthur wrote:
               | Ok, you head on out to the desert, we'll be right behind
               | you... promise.
        
               | PicassoCTs wrote:
               | I do not get it- why is exponential powerful tech, such a
               | serious matter if somebody wants a nuke (Iran, North-
               | Korea) or even just proliferate per-existing ones,
               | considered a serious issue. But once a entity with clear
               | interests in venturing outside the sphere of law
               | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Oil#Breakup) and
               | the monetary/organizational power to acquire such tech,
               | ventures towards something similar classifiable, such a
               | threat is a joking matter?
               | 
               | Also if you stream a movie tonight, like millions others,
               | who just have a roof, food and a flickering screen that
               | sand in the dessert might be very fine integrated - and
               | already have gotten everywhere. So nobody is asking you
               | or me, might as well discuss the scenarios.
        
               | jodrellblank wrote:
               | OK, SpaceX applies to launch an orbital bombardment
               | cannon and launch approval is denied. That was a good
               | day, next.
               | 
               | OK, SpaceX ignores the denial and launches anyway. Elon
               | Musk threatens to destroy Washington DC to gain
               | independence for ... some territory somewhere. Unclear
               | where, or why he'd want that since he already has
               | enormous wealth and influence and doesn't need to run his
               | own military to keep it. The United States arrests Elon
               | Musk and seizes all of SpaceX with overwhelming military
               | might. The end.
               | 
               | Is that really as threatening as North Korea developing
               | nuclear weapons?
        
               | Roboprog wrote:
               | I think you meant to say "tungsten rods", rather than
               | titanium. the composition of the drop weapons doesn't
               | change the gist though.
               | 
               | Titanium is used in airframes for its strength to weight
               | ratio (it's not very dense). Tungsten is used in weapons
               | for its high hardness _and_ density.
        
               | PicassoCTs wrote:
               | I stand corrected.
        
               | christoph wrote:
               | The average person does virtually no regular maintenance
               | / checking of their car, even basics like tyre pressures
               | and oil levels not being checked regularly, happy to
               | leave as much as they possibly can for an annual check at
               | the garage. There's a shocking amount of people also
               | happy to drive around ignoring warning lights flashing.
               | 
               | Imagine that scenario with tons of metal that could fall
               | out of the sky when something fails.
        
               | smileysteve wrote:
               | > Imagine that scenario with tons of metal that could
               | fall out of the sky when something fails.
               | 
               | Hmm, this has different meaning with last weekends
               | context of an engine cover hitting a yard.
        
               | weaksauce wrote:
               | > There's a shocking amount of people also happy to drive
               | around ignoring warning lights flashing.
               | 
               | ...or can't afford the basic maintenance
        
               | wcarron wrote:
               | In other words, can't afford to own/operate a car.
               | 
               | Note, that's not a put down on said people. I think it's
               | a shame such situations exist. But, if you can't afford
               | to pay for insurance/gas/maintenance, then you can't
               | afford the vehicle.
               | 
               | But, regarding flying cars: I absolutely do not want more
               | people operating airborne spinny death machines capable
               | of destroying considering we've already established many
               | people don't/can't perform basic maintenance on a much
               | simpler and safer mode of transportation. It wouldn't go
               | well.
        
               | jeltz wrote:
               | While I generally agree I do not think they meant it
               | literally in this case.
        
               | mountainb wrote:
               | You ever fly over a mountain? It saves a lot of time.
        
               | africanboy wrote:
               | I can drive from Como to Lugano in Switzerland in 30
               | minutes.
               | 
               | I guess the Alps are not a big issue.
        
               | jodrellblank wrote:
               | Top Gear did a race from Italy to the UK. Clarkson
               | driving a Bugatti Veyron, Hammond and May flying in a
               | Cessna 182. They couldn't fly over the mountains, and May
               | wasn't qualified to fly at night. It didn't save a lot of
               | time.
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yoK4QYwixDc
               | 
               | Not sure which bits you could cut with a flying car - the
               | safety checks, air traffic control involvement, runways,
               | refuelling stop, qualifications/licenses, but it would
               | have to be a lot to make a large difference.
        
               | Mediterraneo10 wrote:
               | Developed countries tend to build tunnels for lengthy
               | mountain routes for which there is serious demand, so
               | there is less a case for flying cars here.
        
               | nemothekid wrote:
               | I would look at flying cars are a metaphor, not as a
               | literal thing people are opining over.
        
               | afarrell wrote:
               | Indeed. In a conversation about being insufficiently
               | thoughtful in deciding what you really want to build,
               | flying cars are an excellent metaphor.
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | We already have flying cars. They're called helicopters.
             | They're very expensive to operate, mainly because of the
             | very high maintenance costs. Those high costs are due to
             | the fundamental problem that helicopters cannot survive
             | losing a blade.
        
             | generalizations wrote:
             | I think that's the benefit gained from the very rich,
             | whether 18th century lords or modern billionaires - they
             | can get us out of those local maxima. I'm thinking of
             | people like Sir Walter Raleigh, Sir humphrey davies, and
             | Elon musk.
        
           | notional wrote:
           | It's more than just a jobs program too. It's a reelection
           | plan for senators/house members.
           | 
           | Look at what states and districts get these big DoD contracts
           | and then look at what committees the congressmen/women are
           | sitting on.
           | 
           | They approve plans that benefit them then direct the funds
           | right into their districts so they can campaign on it.
           | 
           | I mean it's not the worst form of corruption but it's pretty
           | shitty when you realize how our infrastructure and defense is
           | designed around congressional districts instead of what is
           | best for our country.
        
             | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
             | It's not an accident that you'll find some manufacturer in
             | the F-35's supply chain in basically every US state.
        
             | chmod600 wrote:
             | That's what "pork" means.
        
               | Groxx wrote:
               | Just to expand on this a bit: "pork" as in "pork barrel":
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pork_barrel
        
             | nerdponx wrote:
             | But imagine if we put people to work building useful stuff
             | instead of useless stuff. Power grid infrastructure, new
             | bridges, new rail lines, etc.
        
               | freeopinion wrote:
               | Grid infrastructure and rail lines jump to my mind often
               | in these discussions.
               | 
               | I am reminded how we got existing rail line through much
               | of the U.S. 19th century land acquisition for private
               | parties who built that infrastructure is easy to spin as
               | a travesty. In many cases it was blatant corruption. And
               | the legacy lasts to this day. All of that land and
               | infrastructure is still privately owned.
               | 
               | Fast forward to today. Is it right that the government
               | should build infrastructure to compete with existing
               | private businesses? Should they build and operate grocery
               | stores? Automakers? ISPs? Textile factories?
               | 
               | There used to be some idea that the government should not
               | compete with private industry. That idea is much murkier
               | more recently.
               | 
               | But if you want to build public infrastructure to compete
               | with the likes of Union Pacific, shouldn't you start by
               | nationalizing the likes of Union Pacific?
               | 
               | See also USPS for more interesting examples of public vs
               | private enterprise. Imagine that the USPS contracted
               | local delivery and long-haul transfer. Imagine that a
               | local mom and pop could bid on a local contract.
               | Newspaper delivery bicycle contractors everywhere could
               | double their money for little additional effort. Or
               | FedEx/UPS/Amazon might really sharpen their pencils and
               | win those contracts.
        
               | brazzy wrote:
               | That would be communism, and we can't have that.
               | 
               | The reason why the USA uses the military as a jobs
               | program is that it's the only thing that gets bipartisan
               | support.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | Communism does an even worse job of allocating resources.
        
               | wongarsu wrote:
               | Communism had a great many failings, but they did
               | allocate a lot of money to infrastructure and science.
               | 
               | But what real communism did isn't even relevant here, I'm
               | pretty sure GP is talking about imaginary communism in
               | the sense that anything that is good for the general
               | population is somehow called communism in US politics.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | I've never heard anyone call free markets communism.
        
               | NortySpock wrote:
               | I presume the parent poster is referring to things like
               | housing cost assistance (called Section 8 in the US),
               | Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and
               | Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women,
               | Infants, and Children (WIC), social security,
               | Medicare/Medicaid government assisted health coverage
               | programs, disability financial assistance programs and
               | other socioeconomic-hardship assistance programs.
               | 
               | Not to mention funding schools, universities, or
               | government research grants.
               | 
               | That's among the things that get called communism or
               | socialism here in the US.
        
               | flukus wrote:
               | Emission trading schemes get called communist plots quite
               | regularly.
        
               | kqvamxurcagg wrote:
               | Defence equipment isn't useless. In the event of war it
               | becomes essential. Spending has to continue on these
               | programmes in peacetime to retain capability.
        
               | sobriquet9 wrote:
               | War with Canada or Mexico?
        
               | bumby wrote:
               | Why do you think the current prioritization exists?
               | 
               | The cynic in me thinks it has to do with power projection
               | and the economy.
               | 
               | The less cynical part of me wonders if it's related to a
               | cognitive bias that over-weights threats from rival
               | "tribes" and the need to ensure stability
        
               | smileysteve wrote:
               | Fear of terrorists sells better than fear of ice storms.
               | 
               | Especially for the states (and representatives) that the
               | ice storm is 100 year. Dams fail, and when they fail,
               | they don't affect the people that didn't want to live
               | near a dam.
        
               | bumby wrote:
               | So is it the "randomness" of terrorism that causes us to
               | overweight the risk?
               | 
               | It seems like we're just really bad at thinking clearly
               | about low probability / high severity risks
        
               | edoceo wrote:
               | Boring! How am I supposed to get reelected and campaign
               | contributions without cool dream pictures? Infrastructure
               | is just something you say, Pork is what you do.
        
               | mgreenleaf wrote:
               | I think this is really insightful. Misallocation of
               | resources is what eventually brings down economies. There
               | are lots of bright people around, but corruption can
               | drain a lot of talent.
        
               | chrisco255 wrote:
               | Perhaps the problem is that the government has too much
               | of a role in allocating resources in our economy as it
               | stands. Maybe the military-industrial complex had some
               | cool things for the first couple decades of its
               | existence, but as the decades went on, it became a rusty,
               | slower version of its old self as bureaucratic creep and
               | complacency set in. Now it seems hard to disrupt that,
               | like what tends to happen in the non-monopolized private
               | sector.
        
               | mikepurvis wrote:
               | Lots of us would love to believe this, and yet what does
               | the unrestrained private sector churn out? Ad networks,
               | app addiction, gig economy, throwaway culture, urban
               | sprawl, climate apathy... hardly a winner.
               | 
               | SpaceX is everyone's favourite private sector success
               | story, but they're basically just a younger, leaner
               | version of Lockheed-- surviving off of NASA and doing
               | what they're contracted to do.
               | 
               | I don't think the private sector is ever going to do
               | ambitious things like build rail infrastructure all on
               | its own, nor is the current PPP model necessarily the way
               | either, but maybe there is some option out there to get
               | things done which looks like the bakeoff that NASA held
               | with CRS.
        
               | wongarsu wrote:
               | The elephant in the room is that military budget has to
               | keep going up ("support the troops", create jobs and
               | satisfy lobbyists) but there is no good goal to work
               | towards. Great things happened in the 1940s to 70s
               | because there were clear enemies and clear steps to take
               | to gain and keep superiority. Today the US has a military
               | budget three times bigger than that of the next largest
               | spender, and everything necessary to fulfill the current
               | challenges already exists and is in operation. So you
               | spend the rest to prepare for the future, but with no
               | external pressure to do so fast or efficiently.
        
             | asimjalis wrote:
             | How can we create new incentives to discourage this
             | behavior and to encourage infrastructure projects that
             | provide jobs as well as create superlinear value?
        
               | Analemma_ wrote:
               | We did: pork spending was mostly outlawed in 2011 (the
               | F-35 dates from way before that). But as it turns out,
               | the cure was almost as bad as the disease. Getting rid of
               | pork has accelerated hyper-partisanship and dysfunctional
               | gridlock, because without it there's no incentive to ever
               | try to reach a deal with the other side instead of
               | digging in on no-compromise radicalism to please your
               | base.
        
               | throwanem wrote:
               | > pork spending was mostly outlawed in 2011
               | 
               | Is there a longer discussion of this that you can link
               | somewhere? I remember the phrase as a derogatory
               | commonplace in adults' political discussion when I was a
               | child, but the concept seems to have drifted out of the
               | discourse since, and having now had my attention drawn to
               | its absence I'd be interested to find out more about why.
        
               | chrisco255 wrote:
               | There's definitely still pork. I mean, look at how many
               | pet projects were included in Covid relief funding. Pork
               | is the idea of stuffing an unrelated project to benefit
               | your local district or state (and thus, the politician's
               | reelection chances) into a bigger bill that is unrelated
               | to that expense. Like the most famous one was the Alaskan
               | "bridge to nowhere" that would have cost $400 million:
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravina_Island_Bridge
        
               | tastyfreeze wrote:
               | I don't think it is possible to discourage federal
               | contracts being awarded to the benefit of a particular
               | state. If a state is home to a company with the expertise
               | to complete a project the contract can't just be awarded
               | to a another state that doesn't.
               | 
               | The best we could do is change the way contract funding
               | is performed. Cost-plus pricing without an upper bound is
               | a huge issue. This type of contract encourages bidders to
               | bid low on cost and make up for it with project
               | extensions.
               | 
               | Of course cost-plus is preferred by bidders as they can
               | guarantee a minimum of profit since cost is already
               | covered. However, fixed price contracts are better from
               | the perspective of the government spending. The spend is
               | known up front. It is up to the bidders to determine if
               | they can make a profit or not.
               | 
               | Ideally the government shouldn't care if the bidder is
               | making a profit. It is their duty to spend public funds
               | frugally. Cost-plus makes it impossible to reign in
               | contract spending without terminating the contract.
        
             | president wrote:
             | The interesting thing is that it seems to be an unfixable
             | and systemic problem. You could have someone come in and
             | try to clean it up but then they'd face the backlash of the
             | entire system that has been built on and benefited from the
             | corruption.
        
           | AnthonyMouse wrote:
           | > We can build cool shit, but our government and most
           | companies don't optimize for that.
           | 
           | ARPA was always kind of a jobs program, but nonetheless it
           | created the internet at the same time as NASA was putting a
           | man on the moon, the government was successfully building the
           | interstate highways and Bell Labs was Bell Labs instead of
           | whatever it is now.
           | 
           | Today we get the F-35 and the Big Dig and whatever other
           | money furnace du jour that consumes more resources than the
           | space race but has yet to put a single human on Mars or make
           | fusion work or cure cancer or whatever else things it could
           | have done but hasn't.
           | 
           | Something's different.
        
           | kube-system wrote:
           | Fun fact, the DoD is the largest employer on the entire
           | planet. 2.91 million total employees.
        
             | sintaxi wrote:
             | Last I heard it's at 3.2 Million.
        
             | bumby wrote:
             | That doesn't count the nearly 400k employed by the Dept. of
             | Veterans Affairs
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | Also the Air Force admitting it is a failure proves nothing,
           | since the reason it's a mess is because the US Govt were
           | trying to make one airframe for many customers, weren't they?
           | One customer, even one collaborator, being upset doesn't mean
           | the program has admitted anything.
        
           | phkahler wrote:
           | >> We can build cool shit, but our government and most
           | companies don't optimize for that.
           | 
           | I don't think they know how. They want cool shit too. Imagine
           | a pork project that also produces cool shit - they would love
           | that.
        
           | WillPostForFood wrote:
           | And it isn't just a domestic jobs program. Countries that
           | agreed to buy the F35 were rewarded with subcontract work.
           | There are at least a dozen partner countries.
        
           | misiti3780 wrote:
           | it was money wasted that could have been spent on a lot of
           | other more useful things.
        
         | trident5000 wrote:
         | Socialists want to delegate vast managerial and allocation task
         | to a handful of bureaucrats in the govt. This is a great
         | example of why that doesnt work aside from the corruption and
         | oppression. At least we get a reminder out of this mess.
        
           | tonyedgecombe wrote:
           | Except you haven't had a socialist government so you can't
           | really blame socialists for the problems you have.
        
             | trident5000 wrote:
             | Do you understand what a microcosm/example is? Or do you
             | just like to be a pain in the ass?
        
         | thinkharderdev wrote:
         | On the other hand, we just managed to create an effective
         | vaccine against a novel virus in something like 48 hours (and
         | another 8 months to get it FDA approved but still!)
         | 
         | In general I don't think that we've forgotten how to build cool
         | shit. It's just that in a lot ways we don't have the incentive
         | to do so anymore. When we DO have the incentive (like with
         | COVID) we are capable of feats of engineering an innovation
         | that are amazing. More to the point, the incentives now seem to
         | work against rapid innovation. We tend to think of
         | infrastructure projects and defense projects as jobs programs
         | so nobody wants it to be done quickly.
        
       | einpoklum wrote:
       | > The Air Force a generation ago launched development of an
       | affordable, lightweight fighter to replace hundreds of Cold War-
       | vintage F-16s
       | 
       | If that was the goal, then the moment the price tag on the F-35
       | was set, failure was admitted.
       | 
       | According to this:
       | https://www.investors.com/research/f35-fighter/
       | 
       | the price of an F-35 is about 80 Million USD.
       | 
       | An F-16 goes for 30 Million USD:
       | https://www.fool.com/investing/2020/08/24/lockheed-martin-sc...
       | 
       | Although it seems you can buy it used for 8.5 Million USD?? :
       | https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/news/the-latest/2020/07/24/...
        
         | riku_iki wrote:
         | > An F-16 goes for 30 Million USD
         | 
         | The first number in the article is Taiwan purchases 66 F-16 for
         | 8 billions, which gives it 121 mln price tag.
        
       | bigpumpkin wrote:
       | Other than F-35, what are the US going to field on its carriers?
       | Super-hornets until 2050?
        
       | woeirua wrote:
       | This is just another sign that the US defense establishment has
       | opened its eyes to the reality that the US could lose a war of
       | attrition against a major power. We have focused too much on high
       | tech weaponry, and we're now vulnerable to being overwhelmed by
       | large numbers of low tech enemies. It doesn't matter if your
       | fighters have a kill ratio of 10:1 if your enemy can replace
       | those 10 fighters faster than each one of yours that you lose.
        
         | onepointsixC wrote:
         | There are numerous problems with such logic:
         | 
         | Just because you can replace those 10 fighters faster doesn't
         | mean you can replace the pilots with equivalently good ones as
         | quickly.
         | 
         | Great power wars in the modern era will have some of the most
         | decisive action happen far sooner than you can get into
         | production capacity battles. At which point one side will lob
         | several hypersonic missiles into the shipyards, factories, and
         | fabs of their opponents and the ability to replace lost
         | platforms will have been neutralized.
        
           | woeirua wrote:
           | You don't need to replace 10 excellent pilots with 10 good
           | pilots to win a war of attrition. You just need 10 pilots
           | that can fly, lock a missile and fire. Because if you're
           | losing 10 planes to every 1 that you're killing the life
           | expectancy of any pilot is going to be really low period.
           | 
           | Counterpoints: 1 - Most critical infrastructure is located
           | far inland away from areas that are vulnerable to cruise
           | missiles and the like. 2 - Hypersonic missiles are mostly
           | vaporware still today. Uncertain if people would even use
           | them, as there's a significant risk of escalation to a full
           | nuclear exchange. 3 - Critical infrastructure can be built
           | faster today than it ever could be in the past. Most
           | countries have stockpiles of critical strategic goods with
           | the understanding that they would be able to stand up their
           | own factories before those stockpiles were depleted.
        
             | onepointsixC wrote:
             | >You don't need to replace 10 excellent pilots with 10 good
             | pilots to win a war of attrition. You just need 10 pilots
             | that can fly, lock a missile and fire.
             | 
             | That's not how it works. The F35 will detect those pilots
             | far sooner than they will detect it and shoot them down
             | before they even see them. Combine a battle space with
             | dozens of MALD decoys flying around drawing shots, those
             | poor pilots would have never had a chance because the F-35
             | pilots would never give their enemy the chance to shoot at
             | them in the first place.
             | 
             | > Most critical infrastructure is located far inland away
             | from areas that are vulnerable to cruise missiles and the
             | like
             | 
             | I can't find the map now, but just about all of China is
             | within reach of US cruise missiles launched from bombers if
             | the need would arise.
             | 
             | > Critical infrastructure can be built faster today than it
             | ever could be in the past
             | 
             | You're not going to build a Fab overnight. If you knock out
             | a radar factory, that's going to be offline for months.
             | Same thing with a turbine factory.
             | 
             | What I don't think you also appreciate is that of all
             | planes to try to claim that someone could win a production
             | race against, the F35 is a very poor target. There are
             | already produced at rates of ~130 per year and expected to
             | rise to 180. There is no existing line that is
             | manufacturing aircraft that comes close. Not only is US Air
             | power technologically superior but they have the numbers.
        
           | jopsen wrote:
           | > Great power wars in the modern era will...
           | 
           | We have no clue what will happen... best ideas are pure
           | speculation.
           | 
           | IMO, it's very likely that any conflict would be limited to a
           | conflict area like how they did in the Falklands war.
           | 
           | Even if there is no formal agreement, both sides might want
           | to limit a conflict zone.
        
         | hef19898 wrote:
         | And afford to replace them. Just take the UH-1, one engine
         | helicopter of the Vietnam era. One engine, because a second one
         | was considerd waste given the short service live of these birds
         | in Vietnam. And now we have 100 million dollar jets...
        
       | juancn wrote:
       | Why not just drop the manned fighters and develop drones instead?
        
         | angry_octet wrote:
         | You need to command them from close by, because anything else
         | will be jammed. It needs to be an integrated concept with
         | manned fighters, AEW&C, strike, etc.
        
           | hef19898 wrote:
           | Like the European FCAS.
        
             | angry_octet wrote:
             | Yes but FCAS will take forever, repeating the mistakes of
             | JSF by coupling everything in a giant program. The Chinese
             | will have it by the end of the decade.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | FCAS will be a combination of the F-35, Eurofighter and
               | A-400M. I'd put money on at least 15 years of delay.
               | 
               | The Australians and Boeing have a fighter companion drone
               | in the air already now. I didn#t follow that to closely,
               | so. I also think that the manned component of FCAS, the
               | fighter, might be ready earlier. And that fighter is
               | everyting the French want from the program.
        
         | bluedino wrote:
         | That wouldn't make them that much cheaper.
         | 
         | Today's drones are sitting ducks and they've just started to
         | outfit them with air to air missiles.
        
       | digi59404 wrote:
       | "The F-35 has failed" is a strong statement that depends on what
       | your definition of success is. Did it fail because it couldn't
       | replace the F-16? Did it fail because it's expensive and bloated?
       | 
       | Do those things even matter?
       | 
       | I'm not defending the F-35 but anyone deeply and intimately
       | familiar with the platform knows and understands that it is a
       | Ferrari. You don't bring your Acura TSX to a Formula 1 race track
       | to win a race. Just like you don't bring your Ferrari to the farm
       | to haul material (not anymore anyways).
       | 
       | The F-35 may be a Ferrari; but the thing about Ferraris is that
       | their technology trickles down. Now we have electric cars with
       | carbon fiber shells. The same is true for the F-35. The
       | technology inside it has and will lead to the resurrection and
       | long standing use of older planes like the B1 and U2. Where the
       | airframe is solid but the tech and stealth is not. It will also
       | lead to revolutionary new planes which are cheaper to make and
       | build.
       | 
       | Through the F35s use of distributed computing and treating
       | hardware components and their software as services, we're not
       | going to be doomed to the same fate as the F16 where we can't
       | find hardware. Instead, we'll have more component oriented
       | aircraft systems where each aircraft is no bespoke and can use
       | from a menu of technologies.
       | 
       | So did the F35 fail because we spent too much? Depends on how
       | much it saves us later.
       | 
       | Did it fail because it didn't replace the F16? What if it makes
       | the F16 viable again? Did it still fail?
       | 
       | Some may see this as a slippery slope. What matters is the
       | objective outcome that comes from this project. Not the success
       | criteria some folks have perpetuated or thrust upon the project.
        
         | johnklos wrote:
         | Trickle down, whether it's in the economy or here, is bullshit.
         | 
         | Spending a trillion dollars on a program may lead to some good
         | coming out of it, but it's about as disingenuous as saying that
         | spending $3000 on a shitty computer that crashes all the time
         | is OK because the cat got a box out of the deal. Yes, it's
         | technically true, but completely unrelated.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | ahelwer wrote:
         | This reads word-for-word like an email from a PM to management
         | talking about how their project that imploded embarrassingly
         | has so many intangible future benefits that really, it's a huge
         | success when you think about it.
        
           | s0rce wrote:
           | Exactly, unless those were the upfront deliverables of the
           | projects, its a failure. Sure, not all the effort was 100%
           | completely wasted but the goal didn't get achieved.
        
           | digi59404 wrote:
           | No - I doubt any PM would write what I said. What I said is
           | more a IC in tech saying
           | 
           | "Sure, what the PM asked for an laid out was X. But really,
           | in the middle we found out the architecture didn't work as
           | expected. So we pivoted and in doing so found more success
           | using Y's Suggested Architecture"
           | 
           | Innovation and Tech is messy. More often than not, Your
           | definition of success changes as time goes on as you get
           | further into a project that's groundbreaking.
        
             | Judgmentality wrote:
             | > Your definition of success changes as time goes on as you
             | get further into a project that's groundbreaking.
             | 
             | If you fail to meet your original goal _because you are not
             | capable of doing it_ , and then you change your goal to
             | accommodate this reality, it doesn't change the fact that
             | you failed in your original goal.
             | 
             | If my goal is to go to Mars and I only make it to the moon
             | because it turns our Mars is just too far away, even though
             | I did something revolutionary, amazing, and extraordinary,
             | it does not change the fact that I failed in my original
             | goal.
             | 
             | I don't even consider this to be semantics. It's people
             | trying to justify to themselves that there is no failure.
             | You've literally failed by your own definition of what
             | success is. Changing the definition of success doesn't
             | change reality.
        
               | IggleSniggle wrote:
               | I disagree that this is justification of failure. If
               | anything, it's the opposite.
               | 
               | We failed in our goal. We also learned and developed
               | things of real value while pursuing that goal.
               | 
               | This is salvaging what can be salvaged to make headway in
               | an adjacent goal. That said...
               | 
               | > Your definition of success changes as time goes on as
               | you get further into a project that's groundbreaking.
               | 
               | Sometimes the goal is, itself, a failure. It was born of
               | not fully understanding the problem at hand. When the
               | goal is stupid, but that is only discoverable by pursing
               | that goal (ie "intent"), then redefining success is the
               | _right thing to do_.
        
               | Judgmentality wrote:
               | > We failed in our goal.
               | 
               | Simply by admitting this, you've already contradicted the
               | person I was responding to.
               | 
               | His entire scribe is "what is failure? have we really
               | failed? no" instead of "yeah we failed, but we can learn
               | from it"
               | 
               | Failure is fine. Failure is expected. Failure is the best
               | way to learn an iterate.
               | 
               | But then don't say "well we always got what we wanted out
               | of it anyway, which was to learn" when your goal was "to
               | build the ultimate fighter jet at this budget in this
               | timeline"
        
               | IggleSniggle wrote:
               | I didn't get the same thing out of the comment you were
               | responding to...but I otherwise agree with you entirely:
               | 
               | > Failure is fine. Failure is expected. Failure is the
               | best way to learn an iterate.
               | 
               | and
               | 
               | > don't say "well we always got what we wanted out of it
               | anyway, which was to learn" when your goal was "to build
               | the ultimate fighter jet at this budget in this timeline"
        
               | Judgmentality wrote:
               | > I didn't get the same thing out of the comment you were
               | responding to
               | 
               | This is my fault, as I was mostly paraphrasing what he
               | said in other comments. So that's just lazy commenting on
               | my part, and probably I deserve downvotes for it.
        
         | peeters wrote:
         | The Ferrari metaphor is revisionist at best. The F-35 program
         | wasn't created to build a Ferrari, it was designed to build the
         | best, cheapest commuter car possible using economies of scale
         | and shared cost. That the only role _left_ for it is as a
         | Ferrari (after the design was butchered by stakeholders) is a
         | testament to how far it fell from its goals, not a success
         | story.
        
         | aqme28 wrote:
         | It doesn't seem to me like the Ferrari analogy works. The
         | Ferrari excels at a narrow use to the detriment of other
         | potential uses.
         | 
         | The F-35 however was made to do everything, but excels at
         | seemingly none of them.
        
         | shrimp_emoji wrote:
         | >So did the F35 fail because we spent too much? Depends on how
         | much it saves us later.
         | 
         | It might not be a lot. The concept of flying Corvettes is
         | strong, culturally and industrially, but it might be on the
         | verge of becoming like cavalry with the advent of drone swarms.
        
           | kcb wrote:
           | Drone swarms that can counter fighter jets is a concept that
           | makes no sense. At best you can make something like a guided
           | missile that can loiter. But I can't really see much benefit
           | to that. It would still require the same the avionics and
           | performance as a guided missile. Not to mention stealth
           | aircraft counter the concept even further.
        
             | danjac wrote:
             | > But I can't really see much benefit to that
             | 
             | Look at the recent Nagorno-Karabakh conflict to see how
             | much UAVs are a game-changer:
             | 
             | https://www.csis.org/analysis/air-and-missile-war-nagorno-
             | ka...
        
               | kcb wrote:
               | But how do you translate that into hitting something
               | going Mach 1 at 40k feet? A UAV capable of attacking a
               | jet can exist. My point is that it would need to be a
               | fully capable aircraft not something that can be produced
               | cheaply and deployed in swarms. There's a lot of space in
               | the sky.
        
               | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
               | They can be produced cheaply because all of the life
               | support, human facing controls, and armoring aren't
               | included. This reduces weight which shrinks the airframe
               | and reduces operational costs significantly.
        
               | angry_octet wrote:
               | The drone swarm concept is irrelevant to the high and
               | fast fight, but very relevant to infantry and armour. Of
               | course HN is getting it confused. '3D printed jets!' they
               | cry.
               | 
               | However smart jets will be a thing, as evidenced by the
               | Boeing Loyal Wingman program (awful name). The
               | uninhabited jet will push further into the engagement
               | envelope, pull higher Gs, risk SAM lock-on to take out
               | the SAM, fly in the dust like Tornados used to. And it
               | will get task guidance from the X band data link from a
               | human piloted jet. But that UAV will likely be as
               | expensive as a regular jet (more including development
               | cost of AI tech, retrofitting remote control into other
               | jets).
               | 
               | Swarms of loitering munitions make sense in countering
               | mobile SAM sites, as the Syrians/Russians (in Syria) and
               | Emiratis(in Libya) are finding out -- so many Pantsir-S
               | (SA-22) point defence systems destroyed by Turkish
               | drones. So how long before S-400 systems (long range
               | AAAD) get eaten?
        
               | nvoid wrote:
               | Makes you wonder, is there a time for an unmanned jet?
        
               | Zardoz84 wrote:
               | At some point these jets must be at ground, not ? A swarm
               | of UAVs can do a lot of damage on these situation.
        
               | angry_octet wrote:
               | Hence counter-swarm swarms. Either single use, fired from
               | a canister, or with their own little runways, flying low
               | level CAP and ready launch at any time, unsleeping
               | vigilance. Plus a bunch of CIWS (C-RAM), which are very
               | effective despite scaring the fuck out of you as they
               | tear open a portal to hell.
               | 
               | https://youtu.be/AcTXYtB9Lfs
        
               | onepointsixC wrote:
               | How do you get those UAV's there? The combat radius of a
               | F-35A (without drop tanks or refueling) is 1000km's. If
               | this UAV is going to travel 1000km's then it's going to
               | be quite big, expensive, and likely easy pickings for
               | defending F-35's. If it's carried by something then that
               | something too would be an easy target and would probably
               | need to be escorted by something which would fight said
               | fighter jets.
               | 
               | It's just really not that simple.
        
           | GekkePrutser wrote:
           | Indeed.. There was another article today about how onboard
           | systems saved 2 fighter pilots that passed out.
           | 
           | I was wondering even then, why do we still put pilots in
           | these things? They'll fare better on their own and will have
           | less performance constraints.
           | 
           | I think part of it is the military adolation of the fighter
           | pilot. Probably not the only reason though, a hacked swarm of
           | armed drones is a frightening prospect.
        
             | evgen wrote:
             | You put a pilot in there because we are nowhere near giving
             | an autonomous drone command authority on a kill. The pilot
             | is also smarter than any UAV and has situational awareness
             | that even a drone ground control station lacks. Oh yeah,
             | and that F-35 can be commanding portions of that swarm of
             | armed drones.
        
         | hef19898 wrote:
         | Well, it failed to replace the F-16, for starters. And the
         | A-10. It failed in becoming the NATO / Western end-all jet. It
         | is expensive, there aren't that many. The stealth capabilities
         | are lacking by modern standards. Maintenaince if expensive and
         | the combat aircraft equivalent of an iPhone.
         | 
         | Compare that to the cold war fighters. High numbers, used by
         | the majority of US allies and even comparable cheap. Desiged to
         | be usable under cold war circumstances. And modernized to this
         | very day.
         | 
         | The biggest issue I see, also with stuff like the FCAS (French
         | and German Eurofghter / Rafale replacement) is cost. Just
         | imagine you loose, say, 50 of them in a war against Russia or
         | China. How many you can reasonably replace? At that price tag?
         | All other enemies, you hardly loose legacy fighters against
         | those. And that is not even taking training into account.
         | 
         | Well, the B-52 is still flying. Maybe it will reach 100 years
         | of service.
        
           | thu2111 wrote:
           | The point of the F-35 is to be so technologically superior
           | that you do _not_ get into a war of attrition where you are
           | bleeding planes at the same rate as your enemy. If that was
           | the case it would mean none of the technology upgrades
           | actually gave an advantage, which would be strange given
           | their fundamental nature.
           | 
           | What really matters is how many F-16s or cold war era
           | aircraft an F-35 could take out before being shot down. There
           | is a discussion of such numbers below.
        
             | hef19898 wrote:
             | And that fact has, more or less, been answered. And even
             | the to-be-delveloped aircraft are expected to fight in
             | enviroments in which they more often loose against air
             | defence and have equal odds against same gen fighters with
             | slight adavtages against fighters one gen behind. The
             | latter largely depends on Command-and Control. And on
             | radar. Basically, stand-off attacks only work against
             | between stealth and non-stealth fighters. Between stealth
             | ighters, it's up close again.
             | 
             | Radar already now can tag, reliably, the F-35. And will tag
             | next gen stealth jets. The same radar already now can trace
             | 100s of contacts per installation, making saturation
             | difficult. Air combat really is getting expensive... The
             | problem steath jets have , is that you need only a handfull
             | of ground based radars. Which can be develeoped and
             | deployed fatser than new stealth jets. Stealth, so, is
             | loosing its usefullness over the service life of a model.
             | And that service life will be _long_.
             | 
             | Stealth will still be needed to not be at a disadvantage
             | against other stealth jets, so. Unfortunately for the F-35,
             | it is the fisrt of these fighters.
        
           | onepointsixC wrote:
           | How has it failed to replace the F-16? It is objectively
           | superior to the F-16 in just about every performance
           | parameter. It costs less than 4.5 Gen peers like the
           | Eurofighter and Rafale, while having more build at a total of
           | 600 thus far with over 100 more built per year now.
           | 
           | As for losing them, yes it would be bad, but it's the most
           | survivable jet being produced today. Recent conflicts have
           | shown just how lopsided a conflict is if you have a
           | technological edge over your adversaries.
        
             | hef19898 wrote:
             | Survivability is not a given. They successfully tagged
             | F-35s at various occossions with ground based radar. There
             | are also account sof F-22s loosing dog fights against
             | Rafales and Eurofghters. And the F-22 is the better dog
             | fighter compared to the F-35. And there are still thousands
             | of F-16s to be retired for F-35s, seemingly not going to
             | happen if the Air Force is axing F-35 procurement.
        
               | onepointsixC wrote:
               | Air Force isn't axing procurement. Just because it has
               | been tagged under ideal conditions on various occasions
               | doesn't mean that it's survivability isn't vastly better
               | than it's non stealthy alternatives.
               | 
               | Yes F-22's have lost dog fights, that's why their K:D's
               | ratios aren't infinite. I really don't understand what
               | your point is though, because the F-22 has lost a dog
               | fight it's overwhelming win rate no longer is relevant?
               | 
               | And sure the F-22 is a better dog fighter but it doesn't
               | have active production line and the costs of restarting
               | production are exorbitantly expensive.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | My pint is that all air forces agree, to a certain
               | extent, that stealth alone is not enough to over come
               | modern air defence. It is even not sufficient to beat
               | other somewhat stealthy fighters. And the F-35 isn't even
               | that stealthy to begin with. The examples are to show
               | that the F-35 is alread now, at the very beginning of its
               | service life, hte real risk of being not as surviveable
               | as thought.
        
         | Arnt wrote:
         | Allow me to restate your comment more briefly: "The F-35
         | depends on your definition of success. It has not achieved the
         | goals in its original funding application, but some of its
         | traits might inspire future traits in future other things that
         | might turn out to be good and worth the money we've spent so
         | far, so therefore it's not right to call it a failure yet."
         | 
         | That's not a friendly restatement, no. "Might" does not make
         | right.
        
           | digi59404 wrote:
           | That's mis-categorizing my statement. There is no "might".
           | The innovation that's occurred in the F-35 program has
           | already produced fruit in many other airframes and the US Air
           | Force has already "re-written the playbook" on what it means
           | to have a new airframe and what revitalizing an old airframe
           | is.
           | 
           | It's not about whether it may or may not - It has, that's a
           | definitive statement.
        
             | paulie_a wrote:
             | The US air force didnt need a new airframe
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | The old airframes were not survivable in a contested
               | environment, and there was no practical way to make them
               | survivable. That's still true today.
        
               | lumost wrote:
               | This may be a statement that the U.S militaries post-ww2
               | doctrine of air superiority is no longer viable. Large
               | Battleships once had to face a similar reality that it
               | was impossible to make them survivable if the enemy had
               | air superiority.
               | 
               | Drones are cheap, good missiles are 1/100th the price of
               | an F-35. It's possible that aircraft will no longer be
               | able to enter contested space without significant risks
               | just as it was pre-ww2 where it was impractical to
               | achieve air superiority or to destroy anti-aircraft
               | placements.
               | 
               | Considering the extreme investment of the US into
               | aircraft as a means of projecting power and winning wars
               | against conventional militaries, there is a chance that
               | an opponent with a much smaller military budget could
               | "win" in a conventional fight - making the multi-trillion
               | dollar aircraft projects pointless.
        
               | ericd wrote:
               | What replaces it? Loitering missile drones + a big
               | expansion of satellite imagery?
        
               | fl0wenol wrote:
               | Absolutely.
        
               | hadlock wrote:
               | A tomahawk cruise missile isn't too far off from a one-
               | shot fighter jet when it comes to attacking fixed, or
               | very slow-moving targets. They also don't need a human
               | pilot, which cost an extraordinary amount of money to
               | train, way more than their salary.
               | 
               | China has already developed what is effectively an ICBM
               | designed to sink/punch through warships from above.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | In any major future conflict our satellites will be the
               | first casualties. They won't be available for overhead
               | imagery, communications, or navigation. So remote piloted
               | drones will be useless. Loitering missiles will be
               | important but only work against a limited set of targets.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | Contested is the point. Contested by other jets, I'd say
               | no. All other air forces with modern fighters are still
               | using Gen 4 fighters at best. The true threat comes from
               | anti-aircraft weapons. To the point developers of FCAS
               | are worried about man-held missiles. These missiles can
               | take down legacy as well as 5th gen fighters. That's also
               | why saturation is a thing, overwhelming the enmy with
               | numbers. At 100 mil a piece, that startegy might be a tad
               | expensve with the F-35. Hence drones. Whether rones work
               | or not has to be seen.
               | 
               | my bestguess is, that n a conventional conflict between
               | industrilized states the air campaigns will be over after
               | the first three major engangements or so. Because by then
               | replacing the losses would ruin everyone.
        
               | greedo wrote:
               | China has two Gen5 fighters in serial production right
               | now. And show me a manpad that can take down a Gen 5
               | fighter at 30K feet. No manpad is energetic enough to do
               | so.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | Who said at 30k feet? At low levels, that's what people
               | are planning for, yes.
        
               | greedo wrote:
               | Most flights aren't conducted at low levels, unless
               | you're fighting 3rd world insurgents. And again, which
               | manpads are you claiming can down a Gen 5 aircraft?
        
             | Arnt wrote:
             | It sounded more as if waffling about possible future
             | results than a description concrete present results. The
             | F-35 has cost $4e11 so far, says a random site on the web.
             | What are the results of its innovation, the results that
             | _definitely and already have_ occurred and arguably are
             | worth $4e11?
        
         | AdamN wrote:
         | [upvote for reference to Ferrari tractors :-)]
        
           | rjsw wrote:
           | Lamborghini started out making tractors.
        
         | antattack wrote:
         | It's a fail because we are moving into unmanned fighting
         | vehicles. Something that F-35 program has failed to foresee.
         | 
         | Basically F-35 is the fighter of tomorrow fighting threats of
         | yesterday.
        
           | evgen wrote:
           | The F-35 program did not fail to foresee the rise of unmanned
           | vehicles, they built and adapted the aircraft and avionics
           | around this concept. The F-35 cockpit, avionics, and helmet
           | are designed to allow an F-35 pilot to command a fleet of
           | drones performing roles ranging from scouting and EW to SEAD
           | and direct attack.
        
             | antattack wrote:
             | Human flying and directing drones to do some tasks is such
             | a 20th century thinking. For one, human pilot in F-35
             | directing drones would be the weakest link.
             | 
             | Why would you want to send a human pilot to face drone(s)
             | that does not care for it's survival, can pull more Gs,
             | calculate trajectory and make decisions faster?
        
               | thu2111 wrote:
               | This comes up in every HN thread about fighter jets.
               | 
               | Modern fighter aircraft are mobile missile launchers.
               | They are judged primarily by whether they can get close
               | enough to where they need to go without being detected,
               | detect what they need to, and then launch good enough
               | missiles. The missile is effectively the drone. Modern
               | missiles are basically self-piloting autonomous drone
               | rockets. In that regard the F-35 is fine, and automating
               | the pilot is not necessarily a win because the AI isn't
               | going to be doing ultra-high G dogfight turns anyway. The
               | humans job is to react to unexpected situations and
               | figure out something smart in situations where remote
               | control isn't reliable or desirable (e.g. due to risk of
               | detection).
        
               | antattack wrote:
               | I think it boils down to this: F-35, compared to unmanned
               | aircraft, does not cost less than 6 million dollars a
               | piece and it exposes American life to enemy fire.
        
           | ancientworldnow wrote:
           | But that's not what this article says. They're claiming the
           | air force requesting a new manned fighter is evidence it
           | failed.
           | 
           | Meanwhile the F-35 is explicitly designed to control swarms
           | of unmanned drones.
        
         | Retric wrote:
         | The F-35 failed because fighter jet airframes aren't
         | particularly relevant anymore. You can stick the same sensor
         | systems and missiles on just about anything.
         | 
         | Improved stealth etc is useful, but F-35's are only slightly
         | better than 40+ year old jets. Thus hardly worth the price vs
         | cheaply manufacturing a minor update of an older design.
         | 
         | Or as the saying goes "quantity has a quality all it's own."
        
           | greedo wrote:
           | Yeah, that's what the Egyptians, Syrians, Jordanians and
           | Iraqis thought in their various fights against Israel through
           | the years. Yet somehow, the Israeli quality came out on top
           | every single time.
           | 
           | Stating the F-35s are "only slightly better than 40+ year old
           | jets shows a stunning lack of knowledge.
        
           | GcVmvNhBsU wrote:
           | Curious what your background is to make those statements. My
           | experience from Red Flag and other exercises is that the 5th
           | gens (22 & 35) have a much better K/D and survivability. When
           | you expend all of your stand off weapons or need to get a B-2
           | deep into a contested airspace, including against SAMs, you
           | need a 35 going in to do sanitization. No F-16 is fighting
           | off both SAMs and a huge ass wave of J-10s or any J-20s while
           | protecting a bomber.
           | 
           | Now is that 35 worth the price? If our policy continues to
           | insist for preparing against an impossible push peer
           | adversary landmasses, then maybe. Personally I don't see
           | those pushes happening, but that's more due to the tyranny of
           | distance and having like 10 minutes of play time before
           | needing to refuel.
        
             | cameldrv wrote:
             | Is this really realistic though? I'm curious about your
             | professional perspective.
             | 
             | My impression of the present/near future of air combat is a
             | stealthy fighter with AMRAAMs in front, radar off, and a
             | quarterback aircraft in back out of missile range, with the
             | radar on. The front fighter fires and turns around, and the
             | missile gets mid-course updates from the quarterback
             | aircraft. When the AMRAAMs are depleted, you leave. It
             | seems like if you get into Sidewinder range and you're
             | outnumbered, you're going to have a torrent of medium range
             | missiles coming at you from all sides.
             | 
             | It's not clear to me how well newer radars can track the
             | B-2, but it's hard for me to see how fighters could really
             | protect it. I'd expect that in a conflict with China, if
             | they can track the B-2, that the B-2 would be withheld
             | until the fighter threat was neutralized.
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | I have some background wargaming for the DoD. As to Red
             | Flag numbers generally reported, it was setup to heavily
             | favor F-35's. Amusingly at one point they further boosted
             | the K/D ratio after the fact from 15:1 to 20:1.
             | 
             | Actual air war looks very different, with a significant
             | focus on cruse missiles early on etc. But again, comparing
             | the F35 with outdated equipment is missing the point.
        
               | greedo wrote:
               | Yet you're the one comparing the F-35 to 40+ year old
               | aircraft that would get smoked in combat by the F-35.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | No. Modern sensors, communications systems, missiles, etc
               | are absolutely crucial on a modern battlefield.
               | 
               | Further, the F16's people are talking about very much
               | needed a replacement. The newest was built in 2005 and
               | while it's a solid multi-role, all weather, air-to-air
               | and air-to-ground fighter the design is showing it's age.
               | 
               | But, the F35 isn't simply a modernized F16 now it does
               | stealth, STOVL, etc. So you need to consider what it
               | could have been not compare it to what's being replaced.
               | 
               | PS: I very much believe stealth aircraft are needed, but
               | the same F35's are eventually facing the sensors of
               | 2050+. That's the context where it starts to look very
               | questionable.
        
         | hctaw wrote:
         | The race car/pickup truck analogy is useful here. The F35
         | failed because they tried to make a vehicle that could be both
         | a race car and a pickup truck, and wound up making one that is
         | more expensive and worse at both jobs than building two
         | different vehicles. Or just using existing fleets of vehicles.
         | 
         | Although personally I think that in the event the US military
         | needs to scramble a bunch of F35s to serve as in legitimate air
         | to air combat we'll have bigger problems than a costly jobs
         | program not producing something useful.
        
         | sorokod wrote:
         | Even if it is a Ferrari, are squadrons of Ferraris is what
         | needed to fight wars?
        
           | digi59404 wrote:
           | Sometimes you need a Ferrari. Sometimes you need a bunch of
           | hooligans with bullets in a converted tractor.
           | 
           | But being caught without either, when you need one isn't a
           | good place to be in.
        
             | lmm wrote:
             | Building a handful of an experimental, envelope-pushing
             | design is reasonable. Mass-producing hundreds of a mainline
             | fighter is reasonable. Combining both in the same aircraft,
             | and ramping up production before you've validated the
             | design, always seemed crazy to me.
        
             | sorokod wrote:
             | Not one Ferrari but many. Sticking to the analogy, in what
             | circumstances do you need many Ferraris?
        
               | decafninja wrote:
               | Peer state war where everyone has Ferraris? Or at least
               | fleets of Benzes, so you want to one up them with fleets
               | of Ferraris.
               | 
               | Even without getting into a shooting war, you could argue
               | your Ferraris will terrify the Benzes from even coming
               | out to play, thus avoiding war. Not to mention the
               | Toyotas and the Volkswagens.
               | 
               | That said, I know some people will argue a peer state war
               | between superpowers (say, US, Russia, China, etc.) will
               | inevitably escalate to nuclear. I don't claim to know
               | enough to say how valid that is.
               | 
               | Also, at full production, the US is supposed to have a
               | ridiculously overwhelming large zerg fleet of F-35s (more
               | than 2000 between the branches, according to wikipedia).
               | That totally eclipses anything planned by Russia or China
               | for their own 5th gen fighters.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | Define many?
               | 
               | When your operational area is most of the planet, you
               | obviously need more than one! I could describe 25 as
               | "squadrons" but that wouldn't be too many.
        
         | jboog wrote:
         | ~1.7 Trillion dollars so we can have a bleeding-edge Ferrari
         | while our "enemies" in the PRC and Russia are still driving
         | around in Yugo 45s
         | 
         | So many people seem to still buy into the Cold War mindset that
         | we just need the latest bleeding edge platforms or the Soviets
         | are going to invade and we'll all be reading Trotsky.
         | 
         | The US and NATO militaries are so far ahead of the Russians and
         | China it's comical to claim another 1.7 trillion dollars for a
         | "ferrari" is a prudent use of taxpayer dollars.
         | 
         | China can't even field a blue-water navy yet. I guess they're
         | only about a century behind the US there lol
        
           | paganel wrote:
           | > The US and NATO militaries are so far ahead of the Russians
           | and China it's comical to claim another 1.7 trillion dollars
           | for a "ferrari" is a prudent use of taxpayer dollars.
           | 
           | Russia and China don't need a Yugo to out-speed the US's
           | Ferrari, they have ICBMs and the Russians have nuclear subs
           | that work well enough.
           | 
           | And the US's Ferrari did a really, really poor job in the
           | off-road terrains of the Middle East, with Iraq at best a
           | draw (and a huge loss for the local population, but who cares
           | about that?) and a definite defeat in Afghanistan.
        
             | jboog wrote:
             | I'm talking about the conventional fight.
             | 
             | Once you get into nukes it's another ballgame.
             | 
             | How does the F35 or its cool successor prevent MAD?
             | 
             | Iraq and Afgh were counterinsurgency fights. Any China or
             | Russian fight will not be the same.
             | 
             | And the US absolutely crushed the Iraqi military within a
             | matter of days in both Desert Storm and OIF. The problem
             | was the "nation building" COIN fight.
        
         | meowkit wrote:
         | "By learning from our mistakes we have successfully failed."
         | 
         | The vibe I'm getting from this thread haha.
        
         | lucideer wrote:
         | > _Not the success criteria some folks have perpetuated or
         | thrust upon the project._
         | 
         | This isn't an art project where interpretation is in the eye of
         | the beholder. This is a taxpayer-funded set of contracts; the
         | success criteria are defined as part of said contracts, they're
         | not "thrust upon" the project by "some folks".
         | 
         | Your trickle down benefits would come from any innovative
         | project, whether it were a success or a failure. They'd just be
         | more generally beneficial due to more extensive application in
         | a successful project (and probably more cheaply usable by other
         | areas of industry). Either way they would exist in either
         | scenario: if their existence is what defines success, then
         | failure is impossible.
        
           | guardiangod wrote:
           | >Your trickle down benefits would come from any innovative
           | project, whether it were a success or a failure.
           | 
           | Take the $3e11, convert them to physical banknotes, burn all
           | $3e11 bills in Texas last week for warmth, and according to
           | the grandparent the program would still be a success because
           | the money ultimately provided utility to people!
           | 
           | >Grandparent: What matters is the objective outcome that
           | comes from this project.
           | 
           | No one froze to death! We gained _something_ from the
           | program! Operation successful! /s
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | In industry when you realize a project is going to fail it is
           | common to pack it with a bunch of marginally related things
           | that you want in your project but cannot afford. Then when
           | they complete what you want you take it for no cost. It makes
           | your project look better on the bottom line (ROI or whatever
           | metric accountants use to judge), and the other project
           | eventually is written off.
           | 
           | Would the company be better off just paying for the things
           | they want in each project and accepting a lower ROI is an
           | open question. I just watch the game, not make the rules.
        
             | wombatmobile wrote:
             | Is the project a fail for Lockheed Martin?
             | 
             | Didn't they get paid a bunch of money for it?
             | 
             | Don't they get paid again each time there's a rev?
        
       | dtx1 wrote:
       | So, they did a bradley
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXQ2lO3ieBA
        
         | onepointsixC wrote:
         | That movie and the book it's based on are both wildly
         | inaccurate and biased.
        
           | dtx1 wrote:
           | You don't say! I would have thought this is a historic drama
           | about the military industrial complex if you hadn't warned
           | me!
        
       | ansible wrote:
       | So The F-35 costs too much.
       | 
       | In other industries, you would look for ways to cost-down the
       | product. We often keep the same basic structure or components,
       | but figure out less expensive ways to accomplish the same goals.
       | Often, the revised product can be more durable and reliable too.
       | 
       | It is a shame that the incentives in weapons system development /
       | purchase don't seem to help with this at all. It seems all the
       | incentive is to make the product more and more expensive, and
       | requiring more service.
        
       | twobitshifter wrote:
       | Are fighter jets a necessity when we have drones? Other
       | commenters bemoan the lack of technological progress in fighter
       | jets, but a drone is capable of maneuvers that humans cannot
       | survive, and the use of drones also limits the loss of pilot
       | lives.
       | 
       | Investing money in drones over fighter jets seems like the cost
       | effective move here. Flying the jet yourself is definitely cooler
       | than doing it by remote control, but I don't think it will make
       | much sense in warfare in 20 years time. We have to skate to where
       | the puck is going.
        
         | nickff wrote:
         | Drones aren't as cheap as you might think when you actually
         | tally the total system cost, including ground systems; and the
         | UAVs still have significant issues operating in various mixed
         | airspaces. Take a look at the costing for General Atomics
         | Predator and Northrop Grumman Global Hawk systems, as well as
         | the issues the Germans have had with the latter.
        
       | tyingq wrote:
       | Given the type of both recent and predicted conflicts that the US
       | has been involved with, it's not 100% clear to me that the US
       | needs yet another aircraft. That is, fighting in proxy wars or
       | fighting in countries like Iraq, Afghanistan, or Syria don't need
       | anything new. And fighting a sophisticated enemy would probably
       | ramp up to nuclear deterrents and diplomacy anyway...fighters
       | wouldn't make a notable difference in that kind of war.
       | 
       | Won't happen, but it seems like they should just buy fighters
       | from allies where the F-35 isn't a good fit.
        
         | ProAm wrote:
         | You're not thinking about the other wars we want to fight after
         | the wars we are currently fighting now.
        
           | tyingq wrote:
           | Sorry...what countries?
        
             | AnimalMuppet wrote:
             | China, so we can defend Taiwan _without_ having to go
             | nuclear to do it. Russia, over the rest of the Ukraine.
             | Perhaps Iran, if we have to stop their nuclear program by
             | force, or some other contingency.
        
               | jboog wrote:
               | China can't even field a blue water Navy and their Air
               | Force is about 20-30 years behind the US and its allies.
               | 
               | We don't need an F-35 or another 2 Trillion dollar
               | procurement process to sink literally anything China
               | wants to put in the water.
        
               | tyingq wrote:
               | I just don't see the US fighting China or Russia in a
               | direct, conventional weapons conflict. How does it not
               | escalate?
        
               | onepointsixC wrote:
               | It doesn't escalated because neither Moscow nor DC are
               | willing to go nuclear over Tallinn while Beijing is
               | overwhelmingly inferior in their nuclear capability
               | compared to either.
        
               | tyingq wrote:
               | I don't know that we have a good historical example to
               | confirm that. I remain skeptical that we could have
               | direct fighting between American and Russian/Chinese
               | soldiers/aircraft/etc and somehow keep that in a box. The
               | Cuban missile crisis was insanely tense, and no real
               | shots were exchanged.
        
               | ProAm wrote:
               | Doesn't matter if its direct or another proxy war, its
               | still war.
        
               | tyingq wrote:
               | Proxy wars are easier to avoid escalation. I suspect
               | that's one of the main reasons for them.
        
         | arka2147483647 wrote:
         | One could argue that is the precicely the problem.
         | 
         | If there is no specific credible enemy to fight, there are no
         | strict reguirements that MUST be met, so one makes the plane do
         | everething, because you dont really know what you need.
        
       | daed wrote:
       | This is not a new phenomenon:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXQ2lO3ieBA
        
         | dtx1 wrote:
         | I thought about this immediately. Uncanny how similar the
         | situation is
        
       | JabavuAdams wrote:
       | There's a claim in the article that it's too difficult to update
       | the software on the F16s. Could someone (ideally with military
       | aircraft software experience) comment on this? I don't understand
       | -- I would think that software would be the easiest (but not
       | necessarily cheapest) thing to upgrade. Computers have only
       | gotten smaller and faster.
        
         | nonameiguess wrote:
         | I can't comment from the perspective of the F16 specifically,
         | but from experience working on upgrade efforts of military and
         | IC ground processing systems, the challenge is the legacy
         | systems are very tightly coupled to the hardware. They make
         | strong assumptions about register size and number, bus
         | bandwidth, filesystem block size, all kinds of things that
         | software developers rarely think about any more, but things
         | that mean the software is only going to run on the hardware
         | it's currently running on, and when the hardware vendor hasn't
         | even sold that product for over a decade, I've seen government
         | programs literally scrounge eBay to find replacement parts. So
         | upgrading the software isn't just a matter of installing an
         | upgrade. It's a total from the ground up rewrite and also
         | requires new hardware.
        
           | bdavis__ wrote:
           | New F16's have new CPU's and millions of lines of new code.
           | The mission processors have been updated many times over the
           | years. And new radars and sensors and weapons. And data link.
           | The airframe is old and non-stealthy. It also carries a
           | limited amount of bombs / missiles.
        
           | uncoder0 wrote:
           | Worked around F16's and F22's when I was in and can attest
           | that this is the source of the issue for upgrades. Everything
           | in the software is so tightly coupled to the hardware that
           | updating the F16's would be a monumental effort. The
           | difference between a 4th and 5th generation air frame are
           | night and day in terms of software capabilities. Hell, even
           | the different between 5th generation jets can be massive on
           | the software side such as the gap between F22 vs F35 the
           | later being far more advanced on the software side.
        
             | zmix wrote:
             | Computers in the 80's lacked HAL. But they, typically, got
             | it in the 90's. I wonder, why the F35 is missing it. Or is
             | this different?
        
             | tandr wrote:
             | Please forgive my ignorance of military processes involved.
             | 
             | Could that be addressed by old software trick of
             | modularising components - software and hardware-alike - and
             | rely on some extensive semi-open protocols to connect
             | these? I think car manufacturers have faced that at some
             | time in the past, even inside single manufacturer (not sure
             | if they have solved it completely). Sounds like they need
             | Ada-like project, but for hardware side.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Maybe, but it isn't easy. Often the code is written
               | around the performance of the hardware in question. Thus
               | you still have to rewrite all the software before any new
               | hardware can be used. Or write an emulator that is cycle
               | perfect to hard real time standards. Neither is cheap or
               | easy.
               | 
               | I know of companies (I can't talk about which) that spent
               | a few billion dollars trying to replace old hardware,
               | only to abandon the track taken and have to start over.
               | All the while the stores of the obsolete and no longer
               | made CPU are getting smaller and smaller. All this for a
               | controller that marketing doesn't see any reason to add
               | more features so they can't even justify some off the
               | cost as new features.
        
               | tablespoon wrote:
               | Full disclosure: I don't work in defense, but I've read
               | Wikipedia.
               | 
               | >>> I can't comment from the perspective of the F16
               | specifically, but from experience working on upgrade
               | efforts of military and IC ground processing systems, the
               | challenge is the legacy systems are very tightly coupled
               | to the hardware. They make strong assumptions about
               | register size and number, bus bandwidth, filesystem block
               | size, all kinds of things...
               | 
               | >> Worked around F16's and F22's when I was in and can
               | attest that this is the source of the issue for upgrades.
               | Everything in the software is so tightly coupled to the
               | hardware that updating the F16's would be a monumental
               | effort.
               | 
               | > Could that be addressed by old software trick of
               | modularising components - software and hardware-alike -
               | and rely on some extensive semi-open protocols to connect
               | these?
               | 
               | I think the military has already done that to a degree,
               | see:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIL-STD-1553 (serial data
               | bus)
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIL-STD-1750A (16-bit ISA)
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link_16 (tactical radio
               | communication)
               | 
               | It sounds like there are two issues: 1) protocols and
               | standards themselves can become obsolete, so it's like
               | updating Apple II DOS to read a ZFS array (or a modern
               | Mac to work with 5 1/4 floppy drives).
        
               | tandr wrote:
               | Thank you. I guess it is a good start. But, as a solution
               | - develop new protocols and standards, and declare that
               | military does not buy _anything_ that does not
               | interoperate on these standards, no matter how advanced
               | your shit is?
        
             | cwwc wrote:
             | does this make them inherently safer from a 'hack'?
        
               | GekkePrutser wrote:
               | I don't think so.. Probably less safe as software in the
               | 80s was definitely built with less of a focus on digital
               | security. Back in those days telnet was considered secure
               | :)
        
           | redis_mlc wrote:
           | Also, I've read they want more room for avionics hw (with
           | cooling and enough amps) in hatch areas, which is designed
           | into new models.
           | 
           | Planes today are thought of as computer platforms as much as
           | weapons platforms, though one would think Moore's law would
           | solve the space/volume problem.
        
       | bob_morton_1987 wrote:
       | "I had a guaranteed military sale with ED209! Renovation program!
       | Spare parts for 25 years! Who cares if it worked or not!"
       | 
       | -- Dick Jones, Robocop.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | umvi wrote:
       | F-35 is perhaps one of the ultimate "scope creep" stories, though
       | a lot of military vehicles have the same problems (tanks come to
       | mind). Every big wig wants some bell or whistle for their use
       | case baked in.
        
       | uniqueid wrote:
       | Pierre Sprey has been trashing the F35 persuasively for years
       | https://youtu.be/N1Z_DuF87Sc
        
       | qzw wrote:
       | Is it better for the prospect of peace if the U.S. and its
       | adversaries all have large fleets of cheap warplanes or small
       | fleets of expensive ones? I would argue that the F-35 is not only
       | very expensive for the U.S., but has actually increased the cost
       | of fielding fighter jets (as well as air defense systems) for the
       | entire world. And therefore it has made it more expensive to
       | fight a war for _every_ country. Now ask yourself would you
       | rather live in a world where the cost of wars is lower or higher?
        
         | mathgorges wrote:
         | This is an interesting point, but I'm not sure I follow.
         | 
         | I get how the F-35 has raised the cost of air war for the NATO
         | countries which have bought into the F-35 program.
         | 
         | But how has the F-35 program raised the cost of air war for
         | other countries?
        
       | rcv wrote:
       | Maybe the fighter mafia will finally get their way after all. For
       | anyone interested in some behind the scenes of how fighters get
       | developed I recommend the book "Boyd: The Fighter Pilot Who
       | Changed the Art of War."
        
       | hyko wrote:
       | The test of a combat aircraft is in combat. Nobody will give a
       | fuck what the programme cost or that it couldn't do X if it gives
       | you a decisive advantage in war.
       | 
       | It's fashionable to hate on the F-35, but let's face it: if the
       | allies have to establish air superiority somewhere in the world,
       | they will be using F-35s to do so, and I'm not aware that anyone
       | has the platform to stop them.
        
         | jbob2000 wrote:
         | Empires fall from within. Yes, nobody will stop the US with
         | military, and nobody would try because that's not how you win.
         | You don't need a big military to crush the fragile supply chain
         | that a plane like this demands.
        
           | hyko wrote:
           | I don't really understand this line of reasoning; it's not
           | like the person bearing the most rudimentary weapons is at an
           | advantage? What's the plan, lose in aerial combat but win in
           | a fist fight?
           | 
           | Who says it has a fragile supply chain anyway? It certainly
           | has a complex one, but then so do things like nuclear weapons
           | and nobody is clamouring to abandon them on that basis.
           | Protecting that chain and the logistics around it is a staple
           | of military operations. It's not like someone is going to
           | surprise them by going after supply chains.
        
         | inglor_cz wrote:
         | My question would be: if you buy N drones for price of one
         | F-35, do you get better military value for your money or not?
         | 
         | At the very least, N drones can't be destroyed at once (unless
         | stored really carelessly) and can be individually specialized
         | in a way that provides wider spectrum of capabilities.
         | 
         | A massive bonus: pilotless aircraft can perform manoeuvres
         | unsurvivable for humans, and the ability to maneuver was always
         | a strong point in the air.
        
           | hyko wrote:
           | Quantity does have a quality all of its own...
           | 
           | It's obviously possible to imagine a scenario where you have
           | a massive number of drones, the question would be whether you
           | could channel that into tactics that would give you an
           | advantage. Numeric superiority is sometimes useful, and
           | sometimes a liability.
           | 
           | The F-35 currently has a massive advantage over cutting edge
           | drones - a MK I brain in control of the airframe that cannot
           | be jammed. Its electronic warfare capabilities could create
           | havoc for the drone swarm and deny the enemy remote sensing
           | etc.
           | 
           | Until there's actual conflict though, it's pretty much like
           | asking whether Mike Tyson or Bruce Lee would win in a fight
           | :)
        
           | spiritplumber wrote:
           | General Zevo was right...
        
           | hef19898 wrote:
           | These drones themselves are rather expensive, and you need
           | large numbers of them. Also, smaller drones would tend to be
           | expendable one-use things. But sill that's what most concepts
           | call for today. These concepts do need refinement, so,
           | especially on the cost side. An for continued use in a
           | conventional conflict.
        
           | jazzyjackson wrote:
           | When I go looking for a source I see a lot of "may be" and
           | "soon will" but I've heard one capability of the F-35 is to
           | command drones without connection to base stations, since
           | radio relays can become (lets say) unreliable in open war.
           | There are also offensive capabilities against enemy drones,
           | remember when Iran landed a US drone by hacking it? Whose to
           | say that any drones in the vicinity of an F-35 aren't
           | captured mid-flight and turned against their own team?
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93U.S._RQ-170_incid.
           | ..
        
             | inglor_cz wrote:
             | The radio troubles that you mention is probably the main
             | reason why the US military is so interested in Starlink.
             | Few potential opponents have the capability to destroy
             | Starlink, or even jam it thoroughly.
        
               | greedo wrote:
               | Starlink has nothing to do with C3I. And it can easily be
               | jammed, as any frequency can.
        
       | beckingz wrote:
       | This is just an attempt to get funding for aircraft that will be
       | bad.
       | 
       | Any new aircraft they develop to be cheaper will suffer the same
       | scope and budget creep that the F-35 did.
       | 
       | We won't send pilots out in planes that are known to have low
       | survivability, so when the new aircraft is insufficiently
       | stealthy/fast/survivable, more money will be spent to make it
       | even worse than the F-35.
        
         | leoc wrote:
         | There's at least one proposal to get around this by adopting a
         | foreign design like the Saab Gripen:
         | http://www.stairwaypress.com/bookstore/american-gripen/ . The
         | US could rename it the Freedom Chimera and manufacture it under
         | license in Kentucky to manage the politics.
        
           | greedo wrote:
           | I have a bridge I'd like to sell you...
           | 
           | The Gripen is a fine aircraft, but introducing a foreign made
           | aircraft into the USAF doesn't happen very often. I can only
           | think of two examples, the Canberra bomber (B-57) and the
           | Dauphin helicopter the Coast Guard bought in the 1980's.
           | 
           | Plus new-build F-16s would be better at most roles than the
           | Gripen.
        
       | fallingfrog wrote:
       | Probably the issue is that during wartime (and I think the Cold
       | War counts) the object of a weapons program is to defend one's
       | country, whereas in the absence of any major foe the object of a
       | weapons program is to spend money. From that standpoint the
       | program was a spectacular success.
        
         | thrill wrote:
         | And the counterpoint is that spending money correctly is what
         | prevents wartime with major foes.
        
           | salawat wrote:
           | I disagree, if anything, it just escalates the resulting
           | conflict when it inevitably goes hot again.
           | 
           | Conflict never stops, it just becomes indiscernable from
           | diplomacy.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | Fine in theory. In practice you know only in hindsight if you
           | spent the money incorrectly. If you spend your money
           | correctly that looks just like spending your money
           | incorrectly and getting lucky in hindsight.
           | 
           | So we end up with a lot of politics where people say "I'm
           | right, because [insert some factor that may or may not be
           | relevant]", and then argue about who is right.
        
       | post_break wrote:
       | I dunno Lockheed Martin managed to put out a banger so it's not a
       | total loss https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xF7x0ZIFeVc We at
       | least got this instead of paying teachers more, or healthcare.
        
       | sam_goody wrote:
       | On the other hand (also posted today):
       | https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2021/02/24/israeli...
       | 
       | So, Israel flies lots of pilot hours and seems to think that the
       | plane is a good deal.
       | 
       | The F-35 failed in its original goal of being lightweight, but is
       | perhaps fine in the new goal of being a modern fancy fighter that
       | dominate the sky. In which case, it has pivoted to become a
       | success.
       | 
       | To extend their analogy, if you live near the Autobahn you would
       | use your Ferrari daily?
        
       | fallingfrog wrote:
       | Interestingly enough Wikipedia says that the request for
       | proposals for the F16 happened in January 1972 and the first
       | completed fighter was accepted in January 1979. That's 7 years,
       | without the use of computers.
        
         | cwwc wrote:
         | similar to the AR-15 platform -- it was proto'd, built, and
         | adopted FAST. But in the decades following ... the US has
         | floundered while troops use a 70 year old rifle (albeit with
         | scopes and rails)
        
         | madhadron wrote:
         | The F-16 is as very interesting case and it's worth reading
         | about it. It was intentionally built to be a single role
         | aircraft and the people who wanted an effective airplane in
         | that role effectively bypassed most of the politics that would
         | have diluted it. So, yes, the F-16 is one of the great success
         | stories of fighter plane development.
        
           | GekkePrutser wrote:
           | The funny thing though is that the F-16 evolved into a multi-
           | role fighter and became quite good at it :)
        
           | rootusrootus wrote:
           | I have an interesting old book (which is falling apart,
           | sadly) about the F-16 and it's an interesting comparison with
           | the main competitor at the time, the YF-17, which ultimately
           | became the basis on which the F/A-18 was developed. Both very
           | successful designs.
        
             | madhadron wrote:
             | Title and author? Sounds really interesting.
        
           | hindsightbias wrote:
           | I'll have to disagree there. It's regarded as successful
           | because it was all that was available. Pierre Sprey, John
           | Boyd and Harry Hillaker envisioned a light weight, day only,
           | radarless aircraft with no bomb hard points.
           | 
           | Yet the single-role F-16 was morphed into a bomb truck and
           | was considered successful by block 70 or whatever in the late
           | eighties. Hillaker said "if I had realized at the time that
           | the airplane would have been used as a multimission,
           | primarily an air-to-surface airplane as it is used now, I
           | would have designed it differently".
           | 
           | So as a square in a round hole, it was made to work but it
           | wasn't brilliant foresight or (early) development.
           | 
           | http://www.codeonemagazine.com/article.html?item_id=37
        
             | greedo wrote:
             | And it's arguable that the original vision for the LWF was
             | mistaken. Its goal was to be able to counter the Warsaw
             | Pact airforces, airframe for airframe in a quantitative
             | battle. But the Soviets were in the process of introducing
             | the Fulcrum that would have outclassed such a simple
             | fighter. A radar-less aircraft would have relied upon GCI,
             | which the Soviets would have been quite successful in
             | jamming/spoofing.
        
       | CivBase wrote:
       | > This is our 'high end' [fighter], we want to make sure we don't
       | use it all for the low-end fight.
       | 
       | What exactly is a "low-end fight" when it comes to the USAF?
       | 
       | Seems to me like the real problem is the F-35 was built to be a
       | do-it-all plane when it would make far more sense to have a more
       | varied fleet of more cost-effective, purpose-built aircraft.
        
         | mongol wrote:
         | I know nothing about this, but could it not be things such as
         | patrolling? Lots of hours in the air with little expectation of
         | combat, but with readiness if need arises?
        
         | medium_burrito wrote:
         | Low end fight is where we use drones and Super Tucanos (A29)
         | and play "Aces over Afghanistan" (or wherever-Stan we go next).
         | 
         | Purpose built aircraft are indeed better, and flexible cheap
         | and reliable aircraft like Tucanos are the ideal solution for
         | many scenarios.
        
           | hef19898 wrote:
           | I do remember these discussions around FCAS, the French-
           | German F-22 if you want. The concept called for a Gen 5+
           | stealth jet and supporting drones. The jet itself should also
           | be a strike bomber. And then the official concept papers say,
           | that these jets in engangement with comparable craft, will
           | end up in close dog fights. Because both sides see each other
           | rather late. In these dog fights, a dedicated air superiority
           | jet will beat a multi-role strike bomber. They also want to
           | have the strike bomber capabiliy covered by the drones. I was
           | basically laughed at when I asked why the manned FCAS element
           | would be anything else than a specialized dog fighter.
        
         | exar0815 wrote:
         | Low end is Air to dirt against shepherds with rusty
         | Kalashnikovs. The best plane for that is the A-10.
         | Interestingly, exactly the plane the Army grunt and brass loves
         | and the Air Force Brass wants to get it killed ASAP.
        
           | onepointsixC wrote:
           | The best plane for that isn't a plane, but a helicopter which
           | has better loitering time. Combine that with the range and
           | speed of the Future Vertical Lift program proposals and there
           | is no need for the A-10 in the future.
        
         | NikolaeVarius wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embraer_EMB_314_Super_Tucano#U...
        
         | twic wrote:
         | It's a light attack / armed reconnaissance aircraft:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_Attack/Armed_Reconnaissa...
         | 
         | The Tucano several other comments have mentioned was a strong
         | contender. The Scorpion also looked pretty great, and went from
         | concept to first flight in just over two years:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textron_AirLand_Scorpion
         | 
         | I don't know why it was disqualified.
        
       | supernova87a wrote:
       | I guess along the way, the _activity_ of designing and building
       | the plane became more important than the _outcome_ /
       | functionality of the plane itself.
       | 
       | You see it all the time in projects. People look busy and seem
       | like they're building things, so some progress must be happening.
       | Or is it?
       | 
       | Blink an eye, and in a couple years you unwittingly accumulated a
       | platform that served to fulfill every random team's desire to
       | load on requirements, systems, electronics, sensors ("go find out
       | what people want!"), with very few people making the
       | countervailing decision to trade off / cut things for an overall
       | desired outcome ("what do they actually demonstrate -- not say --
       | they _need_? ").
       | 
       | Well, they didn't have to pay for it, so there was no harm in
       | giving their requirements. And if the actual willing payor
       | (Congress) had little incentive (or technical chops) to be
       | ruthless about costs or actual useful output, well then there's
       | few checks on that happening. Until some top level general says,
       | "why aren't these hugely expensive planes being used like we
       | thought they would be?" Too late.
       | 
       | I guess it kept people employed in the meantime. How can you cut
       | 10% of the workforce in Huntsville when the representative sits
       | on the Armed Services committee? (I don't know that, but just for
       | example...) Which, sometimes, is a national goal in itself for
       | strategic purposes.
       | 
       | It might be good though, to have a more deliberate plan about
       | these kinds of things, if that's the goal.
        
         | janderson3 wrote:
         | > How can you cut 10% of the workforce in Huntsville when the
         | representative sits on the Armed Services committee? (I don't
         | know that, but just for example...)
         | 
         | Close. Alabama Senator Shelby is the Chairman of the Committee
         | on Appropriations and the Chairman of its Defense Subcommittee.
         | 
         | Edit: My apologies. Was the chairman. See nobody's comment
         | below.
        
           | tibbydudeza wrote:
           | He is not running for re-election again.
        
           | nobody9999 wrote:
           | >Close. Alabama Senator Shelby is the Chairman of the
           | Committee on Appropriations and the Chairman of its Defense
           | Subcommittee
           | 
           | Nitpick here. Senator Shelby _was_ the chairman of those
           | committees, now he 's the ranking member[0][1].
           | 
           | That said, he _was_ the chairman for many years.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/
           | 
           | [1]
           | https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/subcommittees/defense
        
         | StLCylone wrote:
         | "the activity of designing and building the plane became more
         | important than the outcome / functionality of the plane
         | itself."
         | 
         | Yes. After a while was it about building the plane or keeping
         | the aerospace industry employed and engaged? The design tried
         | to do everything for everyone and fulfill every Colonel's dream
         | feature and mission. Its the ultimate story of feature creep.
        
           | hef19898 wrote:
           | Youhave to maintian the industrial base, so. To maintain the
           | stuff for the next decades and replace any losses. Hard
           | during peace time. In preparation of a war of attritition
           | against an equal oponent close to impossible. How do you
           | maintain the necessary base to produce hundreds of jets,
           | F-35s or whatever Gen 5, once all have been delivered? That
           | aspect alone is critical for the success of such a weapon
           | system. It doesn't help to have a couple of hundred Gen 6
           | fighters if you cannot replace them in a war against someone
           | who _can_ replace his gen 4 /4+ jets.
        
           | ldbooth wrote:
           | Like the smartphone phenomenon. They need to sell you
           | something, so they sell you on useless features. And it
           | works!
           | 
           | My flip phone is in the mail. They got me regressing too.
        
         | QuesnayJr wrote:
         | I think the original requirements were unreasonable. They
         | wanted a single plane that could support the Air Force, the
         | Navy, and the Marines. This was too hard, so they compromised
         | on a platform that could be adapted to multiple uses, but even
         | that was a bad idea.
        
           | hef19898 wrote:
           | Don't forget all the international partners. One major force
           | behind the VTAL version were the British who wanted a new
           | Harrier.
        
           | andi999 wrote:
           | A platform is always a bad idea.
        
         | drcode wrote:
         | I have the same problem with my personal projects. I have one
         | project I've been in a "groove" on for several months, and now
         | that it is close to complete I'm having an existential crisis,
         | wondering what the point of the project was in the first place.
        
       | totalZero wrote:
       | The article doesn't substantiate the headline. It's like saying
       | that the navy admits that battleships have failed because of the
       | development of LCS.
        
       | some_random wrote:
       | What a complete load of BS. The program was expensive, but as
       | soon as someone tells you that $100m for brand new fighter is
       | expensive, you know that they're either lying or don't know what
       | they're talking about.
       | 
       | Edit: None of you, including me, have enough understanding of
       | this topic to even begin to discuss it in a serious manner. Have
       | you ever heard some technically illiterate family members debate
       | Apple vs Microsoft vs Dell computers? That's what you all sound
       | like right now.
        
       | drewvolpe wrote:
       | Why start with a clean slate and develop a new plane? If the F-16
       | is still working, why not start with its design and upgrade the
       | avionics and software?
        
         | hef19898 wrote:
         | One reason would be the age of the airframes. Technically, why
         | not? But at a certain point you will need to compleely rebuild
         | the airframes, like completely down to the last bolt and rivet.
         | Only to still have an old airframe, in some sense. So new
         | aircraft it is. And developing new enngines, avionics and
         | software to put them into a new, and most likely modernized
         | airframe, is frightingly close to a completly new aircraft
         | design. And will give people the oppertunity to add features as
         | well. And of course, because common sense doens't play a role
         | in military development and procuremt for anything more complex
         | than a Hummvee. Looking at the proposed Humvee replacements
         | so...
        
       | throwaway0a5e wrote:
       | They must have A/B tested the title to see what gets the most
       | smug confirmation bias clicks (title is clearly not intended to
       | optimize for outrage clicks so what else could it be).
       | 
       | The whole article is about the history of the program, why it
       | costs so much and what the options are going forward. If you
       | squint you can make it seem like failure but the article does not
       | make that claim.
        
         | jwond wrote:
         | > If you squint really hard you can make it seem like failure
         | but the article does not make that claim.
         | 
         | It does actually. Here are a couple of excerpts from the
         | article that explicitly refer to it as a failure:
         | 
         | > Brown's comments are a tacit admission that the F-35 has
         | failed.
         | 
         | > ...
         | 
         | > But the Air Force and Lockheed baked failure into the F-35's
         | very concept.
        
       | noitanigami wrote:
       | The F-35 failed from a certain institutional perspective by
       | becoming a real plane. It is no longer a magic money pot where
       | you could park your pet projects for funding.
       | 
       | As an actual fighter-plane, it is fine.
        
       | sep_field wrote:
       | United States deserves to die. Fuck capitalist imperialism. The
       | plane served its purpose in transferring wealth from the
       | AmeriKKKan taxpayer to the pockets of the defense contractors.
       | AmeriKKKan capitalism at its finest. You all got what you
       | deserved.
        
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       (page generated 2021-02-24 23:00 UTC)