[HN Gopher] Why trademark Open Source software
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       Why trademark Open Source software
        
       Author : samtuke
       Score  : 68 points
       Date   : 2021-02-24 12:42 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (lightmeter.io)
 (TXT) w3m dump (lightmeter.io)
        
       | burnt1ce wrote:
       | I can't view the article (seeing "Error establishing a database
       | connection"). But isn't trademark prohibitively expensive and
       | (traditionally) applies to just one country?
        
         | veesahni wrote:
         | Some trademarks (like those for EU) cover all member states.
         | 
         | Getting "global protection" for your trademark is expensive and
         | requires filing in multiple countries. It does rack up both
         | legal and filing fees.
         | 
         | But just a US trademark is not prohibitively expensive... and
         | would mean you would get registered trademark rights that could
         | be enforced in a US court.
        
       | tmmxyz wrote:
       | Your cert is self-signed and (my) FireFox blocks the webpage.
        
         | ilovetux wrote:
         | Not the OP, but thats strange I'm on Firefox/Android and I'm
         | seeing a valid letsencrypt issued cert.
        
       | eythian wrote:
       | Yep, years ago I was loosely involved (as a Koha developer
       | working for one of the organisations involved) in this:
       | https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/230631/koha-trademark-ca...
       | 
       | It was a lot of work by a lot of people involved to get the right
       | conclusion, which (in 20/20 hindsight) could perhaps have been
       | avoided by doing it "right" in the first place.
        
       | mimixco wrote:
       | This is spot-on! It took a year to get our trademarks for our
       | open source software, including negotiating with another claimant
       | and waiting for yet another potential claimant to drop out of the
       | race. It was not fun or cheap but totally worth it.
       | 
       | I just got our "ribbon copy" (with the gold seal) yesterday!
        
       | pid_0 wrote:
       | Error establishing a database connection (TM)
        
         | sodimel wrote:
         | https://web.archive.org/web/20210224124603/https://lightmete...
        
       | jmathai wrote:
       | I think setting up contributor license agreements (CLA) is a lot
       | more important and valuable than getting a trademark.
       | 
       | We had an open source business without having CLAs in place and
       | it took several months to get everyone who contributed (around
       | 200 people) when we sold our company.
       | 
       | CLA Assistant easily plugs into any Github repository to make
       | this painless.
       | 
       | https://cla-assistant.io/
        
       | teh_klev wrote:
       | I mostly agree with the sentiment of the article and it's fair
       | enough to allow a Free Software project and its maintainers to
       | defend themselves from being misrepresented by using trademarks.
       | 
       | This bit is trickier though:
       | 
       |  _Neither the terms "Open Source" nor "Free Software" are
       | themselves trademarked, which unfortunately allows anyone to use
       | them to describe anything - companies regularly exploit this to
       | undermine public understanding of the freedoms which the words
       | originally conveyed._
       | 
       | Should those terms have been trademarked in the past? They seem
       | awfully generic and nebulous. Could you have even gotten a
       | trademark for "Open Source" or "Free Software"? Do trademark
       | registrations allow you to be specific about what these two terms
       | mean?
        
         | LukeShu wrote:
         | (IANAL) "Free software" I don't think would have ever been
         | granted, but as hard as it is to imagine now: the phrase "open
         | source" didn't always exist, and wasn't coined until 1998.
         | There's a case to be made that the OSI should have pursued
         | trademarking "Open Source" upon their founding in 1998 (I think
         | there's also a pretty good case that trademarking it would have
         | hurt their mission, as businesses might be afraid of using the
         | term).
        
           | samtuke wrote:
           | I recall that they did try, but didn't succeed, because it
           | was consided to be too generic. But can't find a reference
           | for that :\
        
             | LukeShu wrote:
             | It seems you are correct
             | https://opensource.org/pressreleases/certified-open-
             | source.p...
        
       | baybal2 wrote:
       | Error establishing a database connection
       | 
       | Did we crash their server?
        
         | Muja wrote:
         | Yeah, same for me. They should enable some caching plugin...
        
         | pimterry wrote:
         | https://web.archive.org/web/20210224124603/https://lightmete...
        
       | lawl wrote:
       | Fully agree. Some distros are packaging my software with bad
       | patches constantly and then ignore requests to rename the package
       | to make it clear that it's a fork.
       | 
       | Unfortunately for small projects registering a trademark is just
       | not feasible. I have considered going from actual open source to
       | source available though.
        
         | MeinBlutIstBlau wrote:
         | Issues like these are really what make me feel so bummed about
         | open source. I can see it's enormous impact in the 90s quelling
         | a lot of corporate greed, but now it's to the point that nobody
         | respects the work put in anymore.
        
         | dec0dedab0de wrote:
         | GPLv3 allows adding a clause that would force them to change
         | the name if they make changes. If they do it anyway they're in
         | violation of the license, no trademark required.
        
           | lawl wrote:
           | Do you happen to have a link with more info on how such a
           | clause would look like? That sounds really interesting.
        
             | dec0dedab0de wrote:
             | I do not, but I bet you could find a bigger project that
             | has a such a clause and ask them if you could copy it.
        
               | lawl wrote:
               | Thanks, I did find an example here:
               | 
               | > The Coppermine Dev Team requires as additional term of
               | the license Coppermine comes with that modified versions
               | of Coppermine conveyed to others should be marked in a
               | reasonable way. Modified versions mustn't be conveyed to
               | others under the same name as the original Coppermine
               | release. Package name, source code and the output
               | generated by the modified version should make it obvious
               | for potential users that the modified version and the
               | original Coppermine version that the modified version is
               | based upon differ.
               | 
               | https://coppermine-
               | gallery.net/docs/curr/en/copyrights.htm#c...
               | 
               | and a PDF talking a bit more about section 7 here:
               | http://www.mmmtechlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/PLI-
               | Ope...
               | 
               | So I think i understand this a bit better now. Maybe this
               | helps someone else too.
               | 
               | (raw GPL legalese is difficult for me to fully parse not
               | being a native speaker)
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | mlavin wrote:
           | For those asking, it's in section seven, additional clauses:
           | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for
           | material       you add to a covered work, you may (if
           | authorized by the copyright       holders of that material)
           | supplement the terms of this License with       terms:
           | [...]            c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the
           | origin of that material,       or requiring that modified
           | versions of such material be marked in       reasonable ways
           | as different from the original version; or...
        
         | nightcracker wrote:
         | This is (part of) why I use the zlib license.
        
       | laurent123456 wrote:
       | The article explains why it's important to trademark, but not how
       | or more importantly if it makes sense for the majority of open
       | source projects. If you need to hire a lawyer over several months
       | to get a trademark, it's probably only possible for companies
       | that also publish open source software.
        
         | verdverm wrote:
         | It can actually be rather cheap (as far as lawyers go). Mine
         | cost about $2k per TM which includes USPTO fees.
         | 
         | It will depend on prior art, how close you are to others, how
         | large the search needs to be, how many classes you are applying
         | for.
        
         | samtuke wrote:
         | Just by starting to use the TM symbol next to words or images
         | you intend to trademark is enough to offer some immediate and
         | free protection (IANL)
        
       | nickthenerd wrote:
       | I think its important to understand what you are also getting
       | into with a trademark. They mention:                   actively
       | asserted and defended in order to have legal meaning.
       | 
       | This is a critical piece of owning a trademark. It must be
       | defended which means that you have to issue cease and desist
       | letters, normally engaging an attorney to do so, or else you risk
       | losing your trademark altogether or it becoming genericized, i.e.
       | 'Kleenex': https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_trademark
        
         | MayeulC wrote:
         | This is often repeated, but misguided:
         | https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2013/11/trademark-law-does-not...
         | 
         | Genericides do occur, but they are rather exceptional, and you
         | generally can't do much about it (imagine the public starting
         | to talk of dashboards as grafanas).
         | 
         | Cease-and-desists should probably be reserbed for severe
         | missuse, such as a competitor selling their product as yours,
         | etc.
        
           | MaxBarraclough wrote:
           | Even if it were really that easy to fall prey to the
           | genericide rules, couldn't companies fulfill the enforcement
           | obligations more amicably by asking for a nominal fee?
           | 
           | I suppose that might open the door to the party making wider
           | use of the trademarked term though.
        
           | forty wrote:
           | On this topic, can someone explain how Elasticsearch got
           | f*cked by AWS which is using their name for their competing
           | hosted ES service?
        
         | zodiakzz wrote:
         | Only in 0.000001% of cases when your product is a massive hit.
         | 
         | >A generic trademark, also known as a genericized trademark or
         | proprietary eponym, is a trademark or brand name that, because
         | of its popularity or significance, has become the generic term
         | for, or synonymous with, a general class of product or service.
        
       | ccleve wrote:
       | Here's the problem. The article does not say what you have to do
       | to trademark something, but it does point to an article on a law
       | firm site: https://www.legalteamusa.net/trademark-law-first-to-
       | use-v-fi.... The site says that you get trademark rights once you
       | "use the mark in commerce". It then goes on to suggest that "use
       | in commerce" means an actual sale. There's more here:
       | https://www.cohnlg.com/trademark-use-in-commerce-heres-how-i...
       | 
       | So, what does this mean in an open source context? How can you
       | meet the "use in commerce" requirement if you never actually
       | offer anything for sale?
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | This is a good read about trademarks in a FOSS context:
         | https://fossmarks.org/
         | 
         | But, yes, you can trademark open source software even if you
         | aren't charging for it. (IANAL)
        
           | ccleve wrote:
           | Thanks. So far as I can tell, that site does not address the
           | "use in commerce" question.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | The traditional meaning does seem to involve sales and many
             | law firms seem to still use that definition. However,
             | trademarks are widely used for upstream open source
             | projects. Here's Google's take on the "use in commerce"
             | phrase: https://google.github.io/opencasebook/trademarks/
             | 
             | ADDED: The disconnect isn't really that surprising.
             | Historically, why would you trademark something if you had
             | no intention of selling it? How would it even get broadly
             | distributed if you were just giving something away?
             | Obviously, those conditions don't necessarily apply today
             | even though you have the same issues of confusing different
             | goods and services that have always existed. As for the law
             | firms, it's mostly an argument that if you want an IP
             | lawyer in an open source context, you probably want one who
             | actually has experience in the area.
        
               | samtuke wrote:
               | Good catch. To quote them: "the court rejected the
               | argument that the lack of direct profit from releasing
               | software under the GNU General Public License rendered
               | the original Coolmail name unenforceable as a trademark,
               | holding that distributing software for end-users over the
               | Internet satisfies the "use in commerce" requirement."
        
             | hannasanarion wrote:
             | Wikipedia doesn't make sales, but they still own their
             | trademark.
             | 
             | "Use in commerce" is more about, are you actually making
             | things with it, are you publishing those things, are there
             | people interacting with your product under that name, etc.
             | The fact that most commerce involves money changing hands
             | is incidental.
        
         | mimixco wrote:
         | I can answer this. You do indeed have to offer the product "for
         | sale," even if it's free. To get our trademark[0] for
         | downloadable (free) software, we had to prove that we were
         | advertising and offering the product for download and that
         | someone did, indeed download it. Has to be across state lines,
         | too!
         | 
         | For the apparel trademarks (hats, t-shirts) we had to show the
         | proof that the clothing sales website was up to the public and
         | prove with a transaction and photo of the finished clothing
         | that we were, indeed, selling trademarked hats and shirts and
         | producing finished goods. You even have to show clothing labels
         | with your trademark on it or you won't get apparel marks for
         | your software -- so no protection for your logo on swag.
         | 
         | Our hosted product is in a different trademark class because
         | the USPTO considers downloaded software to be a product and
         | hosted software to be a service. To prove use in commerce in
         | the service class we had to offer the product (that one costs
         | money, lol) for sale, prove a real transaction took place
         | across state lines, and prove that the customer had taken
         | delivery (welcome email, etc.)
         | 
         | It's quite a process but, as our trademark attorney (we used
         | Tradmarkia) said, if you don't do all this your mark with
         | either be denied by the USPTO, accepted and then challenged
         | later by them, or contested by another applicant.
         | 
         | [0] https://trademark.trademarkia.com/m-88979084.html
        
       | tidwall wrote:
       | I made a walkthrough on cheaply registering a trademark without
       | an attorney. It's a couple years old now and the rules and
       | processes may have changed. But for what it's worth.
       | https://github.com/tidwall/uspto-trademark
        
       | fritzo wrote:
       | Can anyone recommend articles that focus more on past examples of
       | bad behavior, and that motivate each abstract principle with
       | examples of behavior that principle aims to guide. This article
       | and the articles linked seem very vague. Maybe some legal
       | literature?
        
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