[HN Gopher] Interest surges in top colleges, while struggling on...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Interest surges in top colleges, while struggling ones scrape for
       applicants
        
       Author : smaslennikov
       Score  : 99 points
       Date   : 2021-02-23 15:05 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nytimes.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nytimes.com)
        
       | solosoyokaze wrote:
       | Smart hiring managers in this industry know that college doesn't
       | matter and that one good Github project > any degree. I've not
       | once taken someone's schooling into consideration while
       | interviewing and I've hired dozens of people.
       | 
       | I'm not saying don't go to school if that's what you want to do,
       | but you can easily get a much better return on your investment if
       | you "buy" some time to work on OSS. That being said, it's a lot
       | harder to do if you have no money since you can't get a
       | government loan to cover your expenses. UBI would be very helpful
       | here.
        
         | DC1350 wrote:
         | Lots of students who go to lower tier schools don't even know
         | that their 'elite' peers are working on things like projects,
         | OSS, or interview prep. I personally had never heard of a
         | hackathon until after I started uni, but lots of my classmates
         | had already been to dozens in high school. The real issue with
         | going to a bad college is students have no idea what they're
         | supposed to do to get a job. Those students are dead last in a
         | game they don't even know they're playing. It happens
         | organically at a good school.
        
           | solosoyokaze wrote:
           | In my experience most elite school CS students don't actually
           | work on OSS. I see a lot of school projects posted to Github.
           | That's why I like to look at it, because it's hard to fake.
           | 
           | You're right that it's harder for people who don't have the
           | resources to buy computers and spend time learning/hacking.
           | I've hired several really good devs who only had an HS degree
           | but also had an OSS project, but a lot of people just won't
           | have the resources to make that happen.
        
       | boatsie wrote:
       | It would be interesting if colleges offered a reduced or free
       | tuition in exchange for future earnings. That might incentivize
       | colleges to only offer certain degrees, help with job placements,
       | keep the quality of learning high, etc.
        
         | rightbyte wrote:
         | Sounds like a loan?
        
           | SamuelAdams wrote:
           | Or alimony, depending on how you look at it.
        
           | albntomat0 wrote:
           | The key difference between the parent commenter's proposal
           | and a loan, is that the proposal ties the amount paid back to
           | the income of the graduate.
           | 
           | The thinking is that conditions would be structured to better
           | ensure the college degree provides suitable income (only for
           | certain majors, only if the college provides certain data
           | about grads, etc).
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | awillen wrote:
       | I think this is generally a good thing. I believe there are
       | really two positive things that can come out of going to college
       | - either you get a name-brand degree that opens doors and gets
       | your resume looked at, or you get useful skills that enable you
       | to go down a particular career path (e.g. CS degree). Obviously
       | in some cases it'll be both.
       | 
       | The reality is it's really tough to make any case that a
       | humanities degree from a lower or even mid-tier college is a
       | worthwhile investment of money and time. Now obviously there are
       | scholarships and students who come from wealth for whom this is
       | less of an issue, but to pay tens of thousands of dollars a year
       | for a degree in classics from third tier U is just an objectively
       | bad choice for most people.
       | 
       | Hopefully this is the market working - people are learning how to
       | value educational degrees based on what they'll actually yield
       | financially and making decisions accordingly. Those schools that
       | are providing substantial negative value to their students ought
       | to go under, and the students who would attend them and end up in
       | huge debt with minimal job prospects will make a better
       | investment, like working for four years, going to a trade school,
       | etc.
        
         | antihero wrote:
         | Your second sentence is indicative of the toxic attitude to the
         | world that appears to be rooted in or at least exacerbated by
         | capitalism.
         | 
         | Isn't this a damning statement on the market that it purely
         | incentivises doings that create monetary value, and puts theose
         | that create other _extremely important_ value in the world (the
         | thirst for knowledge, the study of the arts and history, etc)
         | are either  "failing" due to not being profitable endeavours,
         | or only in the grasp of the rich and the select few who get
         | scholarships?
        
         | GCA10 wrote:
         | Actually, I'll argue that college educations can pay off in a
         | third way. It's not just brand-name prestige and useful skills.
         | There's a lot to be said for the way that four years of
         | residential education imbues grads with a valuable lifetime
         | network of allies.
         | 
         | The third reason explains why small, residential liberal arts
         | schools carry on semi-successfully for decades (centuries!?)
         | even though they aren't exactly towering champions on the first
         | two metrics.
         | 
         | It's easy to mock the English major from Knox College in
         | downstate Illinois or the psychology major from Prairie View in
         | Texas. But I'll argue that in the Before Times, these schools
         | and their graduates did a lot to hold the social fabric of the
         | United States together. Liberal arts grads do quite nicely in
         | sales, administration, community law practices and more.
         | They've got people skills that some high-earning Stanford grads
         | lack. They take care of one another and provide a strong
         | baseline economy that creates customers for us all.
         | 
         | What's changed is that with the pandemic, we've lost the
         | residential-college benefits of meeting those freshman
         | hallmates turned allies for life. In that case, paying big $$
         | for what's really just an online education without a valuable
         | network stops having much appeal.
        
         | DC-3 wrote:
         | Did it ever occur to you at all that people might value
         | education for its own sake and not for potential financial
         | yield alone?
        
           | jimbokun wrote:
           | Those people exist, but they are a small fraction of the
           | population.
           | 
           | The number of people going to college to increase their
           | future potential earnings is a far, far larger group.
        
           | Beaver117 wrote:
           | We have infinite free/cheap educational resources on the
           | internet. University only exists for the credential now.
        
             | 908B64B197 wrote:
             | I think there's a value in being immersed in a subject,
             | with peers equally passionate about it.
             | 
             | You can't quite match the atmosphere of a late night lab
             | session where you finally get your assignment in a working
             | state, the impromptu conversations, someone pitching his
             | startup idea and showing a demo.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | flavius29663 wrote:
             | I wouldn't say it's just for credentials. Having passionate
             | and smart colleagues and professors does wonder for your
             | own passion and determination. It's the same reason
             | companies have much more innovation in offices compared to
             | remote working.
             | 
             | The other thing is the networking, I have plenty of former
             | colleagues that own their gig, and plenty others that are
             | CEOs, CTO, COOs
        
               | shiftpgdn wrote:
               | I went to a crappy state school after community college
               | and met exactly 0 passionate professors along the way. It
               | was an astoundingly miserable experience. None of my
               | classmates have gone on to do anything of note.
        
               | flavius29663 wrote:
               | which is exactly why a good school is better than a bad
               | one: the courses and materials might be the same, but the
               | experience can be totally different. IMO for most of us
               | it's not worth getting into debt to pay any college,
               | unless the college is in top X, or if you need the
               | certification for your profession. Paying 60k a year for
               | a mediocre college is one of the worst decisions you can
               | make. You can achieve just the same amount of knowledge
               | in less time on your own.
        
           | raiyu wrote:
           | If that's the case you can get it for nearly for free by just
           | buying the books and reading them rather than paying $25,000
           | a year for that same privilege.
        
             | minikites wrote:
             | So then why do we have formal education at all?
        
               | solosoyokaze wrote:
               | To create workers for the industrial revolution.
        
               | minikites wrote:
               | Formal education predates the industrial revolution.
        
               | solosoyokaze wrote:
               | Not for the masses.
        
               | Noos wrote:
               | no, we have formal education because not everyone is an
               | autodidact and may need actual help in evaluating and
               | learning skills.
               | 
               | Many skills are not like computer programming. You're not
               | learning physical therapy from coursera, or even
               | something like human resources; some things you need
               | others for to mentor, correct, guide, or provide
               | facilities for.
        
               | solosoyokaze wrote:
               | Apprenticeship is the historical way to accomplish this.
        
           | dgfitz wrote:
           | "You wasted $150,000 on an education you coulda got for $1.50
           | in late fees at the public library." - Good Will Hunting
        
             | keiferski wrote:
             | You know the theme of the movie is actually arguing against
             | that quote, right? The conversation on the bench is the
             | climax of the film; Robin Williams lectures Matt Damon
             | about the limitations of book learning.
        
               | thehappypm wrote:
               | I wouldn't go so far as to say that the movie is arguing
               | against book learning, just that it's no substitute for
               | real experiences.
        
               | keiferski wrote:
               | Sure, I'd agree with that.
        
           | minitoar wrote:
           | I don't think most people going to 3rd-tier college to study
           | humanities are doing it out of some abstract love of
           | education. They're doing it because every adult or counselor
           | in their life told them they have to go to some college no
           | matter what.
        
             | Jtsummers wrote:
             | And, worse, many office jobs that were satisfied with high
             | school diplomas or 2-year degrees in 1980 were requiring a
             | bachelors by 2000. Even when the degree was irrelevant.
             | Seriously, data entry does _not_ require a history degree.
             | At one place I worked nearly every one in the data entry
             | positions had a history degree, and all had 4-year degrees
             | of some kind.
             | 
             | (NB: Talking about in the US)
        
               | minitoar wrote:
               | Requiring a 4 year degree for a job even if the major
               | isn't relevant doesn't seem wrong to me. Maybe data entry
               | is taking it too far? Maybe the data was really sensitive
               | and complicated.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | If the knowledge is not required for the job, what is the
               | degree for? Is it a concealed/outsourced IQ test? Is it a
               | concealed illegal minimum age requirement? Isit
               | collective insanity?
               | 
               | I dare you to provide an explanation that is not illegal
               | and/or deranged.
        
               | VLM wrote:
               | I'm not disagreeing with you, but I'd embrace and extend
               | your remarks with two other illegal or semi-illegal
               | reasons:
               | 
               | One is employees who are deeply in debt can be more
               | easily abused than, for example, wealthy skilled
               | tradesmen. You can do all kinds of things to woman with a
               | student loan debt larger than a mortgage and she'll have
               | to put up with it, whereas a journeyman electrician, in
               | addition to being paid more, would simply move to a
               | competing jobsite the next day.
               | 
               | The other reason is colleges highly promote diversity in
               | freshmen accepted class statistics but always cover up
               | graduating diploma holder statistics. You can kind of
               | legally/illegally guarantee you hire a white woman or
               | certainly tilt the odds against PoC, by demanding the
               | office receptionist hold a bachelors degree in something
               | "to maintain office culture because everyone else in the
               | office went to college and we wouldn't want her to feel
               | left out". Presumably those type of places where PoC need
               | not apply, will soon require their janitors to have a
               | four year degree in some sort of liberal art...
        
               | agar wrote:
               | Flipping this around, put yourself in this situation: you
               | have five open positions, and expect 300 applicants. You
               | have approximately 1 hour per day to interview, and need
               | to fill the positions in 10-15 business days.
               | 
               | You would like to find people with the following
               | characteristics: They can follow complex instructions
               | with minimal oversight, they finish what they start, they
               | have good social skills to work with colleagues and
               | occasional outside parties, they are fully literate
               | (i.e., spell well, read quickly, understand context), and
               | can be trained and managed.
               | 
               | You're handed 300 resumes. How do you select the top
               | 10-15 that are most likely to satisfy the requirements?
               | 
               | What would be your initial filtering criteria?
        
               | Jtsummers wrote:
               | Past work experience, letters of reference, relevant
               | training program/certification. This is assuming there is
               | not a degree program that can be seen as preparatory for
               | the position. A 4-year degree is a useless indicator when
               | it's irrelevant to the workload. It tells you the person
               | was willing to spend $40-80k (in much of the US) for a
               | piece of paper that didn't prepare them for the job
               | you're hiring them for.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Young people don't have past work experience, hence the
               | need for them to put themselves through a college to
               | serve as a signal for what they might be capable of.
               | 
               | Obviously, once you have work experience and letters of
               | reference, no one cares about your college. But you're
               | not going to have that when you're 18.
               | 
               | University is also a social exercise, which can serve to
               | signal that you are okay or at least exposed to the type
               | of cultural norms that might exist at an employer that is
               | already full of similarly college educated people.
        
               | Jtsummers wrote:
               | I listed _relevant_ training /credentials. 2-year degree
               | programs and 1- or 2-year training programs used to be
               | more common than they are now, and should be restored as
               | a reasonable entry into more white collar jobs.
               | 
               | > Obviously, once you have work experience and letters of
               | reference, no one cares about your college. But you're
               | not going to have that when you're 18.
               | 
               | That's actually not the case, unfortunately. My wife is
               | fluent in two languages, can read and communicate in a
               | couple more but isn't fluent, has 12+ years of
               | experience, and letters of reference from CFOs and CEOs
               | from major international corporations, and is struggling
               | (here in the US) to get a non-minimum wage job in a
               | medium sized city (we'd be better off if we were in a
               | larger city, but this is where my work is right now).
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | For a somewhat large company, it may be necessary to come
               | up with hiring standards to save time, one of which might
               | be a minimum of a Bachelors degree, and maybe of a US
               | college for simplicity of verifying the degree. I'm sure
               | if you had the ear of an executive and they really wanted
               | to hire you, they could make an exception, but that
               | solution doesn't scale.
               | 
               | My point was more that the signal an elite college serves
               | is relatively short lived assuming you then get
               | experience at highly regarded employers. For example,
               | once you have worked at a FAANG, no one cares if you went
               | to a low ranked school.
        
               | agar wrote:
               | > A 4-year degree is a useless indicator when it's
               | irrelevant to the workload.
               | 
               | But it's not. It gives a good indication that the
               | applicant has many, if not all, of the characteristics I
               | listed.
               | 
               | And for many non-specialist jobs (data entry, call
               | center, executive assistants, etc.) there is no relevant
               | training program or certification. Few people grow up
               | hoping to work at a call center or do data entry, so
               | they're not going to go to school for that.
               | 
               | Again, a 4-year degree does not guarantee success, but it
               | tells an employer far more than they were "willing to
               | spend $40-80K for a piece of paper." Many people want to
               | go to school to learn about something they love, then
               | they get out and need a job.
               | 
               | I think it's fair for a hiring person to seek out degree
               | holders as a desirable criteria.
        
               | Jtsummers wrote:
               | It causes inflation of job requirements, delays entry
               | into careers, produces vast amounts of unnecessary debt
               | and spending, promotes substandard graduate programs so
               | people can be differentiated from the other history
               | majors, and all because a high school diploma is
               | considered worthless by most companies for their non-
               | technical entry level positions.
        
               | minitoar wrote:
               | Maybe the value of differentiating potential employees is
               | worth it overall.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | Size of their feet differentiates them too. How is it
               | actually usefull?
        
               | Jtsummers wrote:
               | To expand on your point, it's the arbitrary and
               | superfluous nature of this requirement.
               | 
               | If I were hiring pilots, to go with the physical quality
               | example, I would discriminate on height. You can be too
               | short to operate an aircraft, and you can be too tall or
               | too big to fit in some aircraft (I knew a helicopter
               | pilot who only flew helicopters because he couldn't,
               | physically, fit in fighter aircraft which had been his
               | dream job). But if I were running an airline, I wouldn't
               | use this as a discriminator on _all_ my employees, only
               | the ones that it made sense for.
               | 
               | Degrees ought to be treated similarly in white collar
               | jobs.
        
               | minitoar wrote:
               | If that's a useful differentiator then people would
               | probably use it. Maybe you're trying to imply that
               | whether or not a candidate has a certain credential is
               | not useful as a differentiator?
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | Would they? We don't use IQ or neuroticism, are they
               | useless? We have solid proof that attractive sociopaths
               | get ahead more, is that usefull?
               | 
               | Maybe we should not pretend that hiring is this optimally
               | tuned machine that knows exactly whats needed
        
               | Jtsummers wrote:
               | Maybe for the businesses, I'm skeptical that this is a
               | positive for society and the economy overall.
        
               | Miraste wrote:
               | High school standards in the US have reached a point
               | where I would not trust someone with only a high school
               | diploma to be able to do data entry. Bachelor's degrees
               | aren't a perfect credential but they're a passable
               | filter, in lieu of building a much more extensive hiring
               | process for low-level jobs.
        
               | worker767424 wrote:
               | Seriously. If you're working class or higher, you have to
               | try to not get a high school diploma.
        
             | mrweasel wrote:
             | The article is about colleges in the US, so I have no
             | reason to doubt you. It's just a ready bleak observation
             | for someone who is raised to pursue a career that would
             | make me happy, and be lucky enough to live in a country
             | that allows me to do that.
             | 
             | More and more the Internet makes me feel that the US
             | somehow lost the cold war and it's now a dystopian
             | nightmare.
        
               | minitoar wrote:
               | I wouldn't know. I went to college for a topic I've
               | always loved and that happens to be lucrative. I actually
               | think the narrative of "pursue a career you love" is
               | still the basic message. It's just framed as requiring a
               | college education in order to achieve that. There is some
               | truth in it, as it's hard to even get your foot in the
               | door without the credential.
        
               | 908B64B197 wrote:
               | > More and more the Internet makes me feel that the US
               | somehow lost the cold war and it's now a dystopian
               | nightmare.
               | 
               | And yet the country is attracting talent more than it
               | exports it!
        
               | fallingknife wrote:
               | 99% of the people writing about how the US is a dystopian
               | nightmare haven't lived in any other country.
        
             | awillen wrote:
             | One million percent yes.
        
             | dbspin wrote:
             | Outside perspective - here in Europe, enormous numbers of
             | people in late middle age to old age return to university
             | out of love of learning. Despite low to negligible impact
             | on wages etc. They generally have better outcomes in terms
             | of overall grades also. There's a boatload of research into
             | intrinsic vs extrinsic motivation that supports the idea
             | that we have an innate love of learning.
        
             | phabora wrote:
             | > I don't think most people going to 3rd-tier college to
             | study humanities are doing it out of some abstract love of
             | education.
             | 
             | Well, the fact that they are third-tier already tells you
             | that they won't get some cushy job from the education by
             | itself.
             | 
             | Are they _necessarily_ doing it for the love of education?
             | Probably not. But I suspect that that motivation is more
             | likely to be found in them than the students at the top-
             | tier institutions that will be welcomed by the open embrace
             | of six-figure salaries and social status once they
             | graduate.
        
           | barrenko wrote:
           | Library works pretty well for that, and has for hundreds of
           | years.
           | 
           | *big caveat for hard sciences of course
        
             | UncleMeat wrote:
             | I'm not sure I agree. I don't have a lot of experience with
             | other humanities, but _history_ is a verb rather than a
             | noun. You learn history by doing history rather than
             | reading it. I do think that universities are often too
             | conservative about getting students into the archive
             | quickly but a bunch of institutions are rapidly equipping
             | students with archival and analysis skills and sending them
             | to do history. This is very difficult to obtain from a raw
             | library.
        
           | kop316 wrote:
           | I have found Community Colleges to be the perfect place for
           | this actually.
           | 
           | Community College classes are MUCH cheaper, and are even more
           | so if you don't take the class for credit (where I went,
           | tuition was $20 for a 1 credit class for non-degree seekers.
           | No that was not a typo, it was Twenty USD for the entire
           | class).
           | 
           | Community College professors don't do research, so they are
           | usually focused much more on teaching classes. I have
           | actually known quite a few professors who are in actual
           | industry and teach a class or two.
           | 
           | I took a Jazz Combo class every semester with a well known
           | local musician. He enjoyed teaching the class because
           | everyone wanted to be there (we were all adult non-degree
           | seekers), and since it was on a weeknight, he wasn't gigging
           | anyways so it was a nice bonus to his freelance work.
        
             | DC1350 wrote:
             | The problem with community colleges is that you completely
             | miss out on any meaningful networking. As long as all the
             | best students see it as beneath them, you'll have a hard
             | time meeting people in a community college who can actually
             | help your career
        
               | VLM wrote:
               | If you insist on a pyramidical social structure, 99% of
               | the population will never meet or network with the top
               | people in their field anyway, and as such a school that
               | prevents them from doing what's impossible anyway yet
               | saves money is wise, especially if the alternative is
               | spending ten times as much on a pale imitation of what
               | the people at the top would get but they'll never
               | associate with them anyway.
               | 
               | Classic microeconomics vs macroeconomics problem.
               | Individuals can always improve but you can't extend "just
               | pull yourself up by your bootstraps harder" to an entire
               | civilization. An individual benefits personally by going
               | to Yale, if they can. You can't fix a national education
               | system by making the official strategy telling kids their
               | only hope is getting into Yale. Especially if there's an
               | alternative that actually works for the masses, like CC.
        
               | kop316 wrote:
               | I think your comment misses my original intent. If people
               | might value education for its own sake (which is what I
               | was replying to), then I have found Community Colleges to
               | be the perfect place for this.
               | 
               | But to address your point:
               | 
               | > The problem with community colleges is that you
               | completely miss out on any meaningful networking. As long
               | as all the best students see it as beneath them, you'll
               | have a hard time meeting people in a community college
               | who can actually help your career
               | 
               | Since the instructor I had was a well known local
               | musician, he actually called me up a few times for a gig,
               | and I have done quite a bit of networking that way. I
               | think you would be surprised just what type of networking
               | oppritunities are actually are at a decent community
               | college.
               | 
               | Like I said in my comment:
               | 
               | > I have actually known quite a few professors who are in
               | actual industry and teach a class or two.
               | 
               | One of the best entry-level folks I have ever met we
               | found this way. He is an incredibly hard and smart
               | worker, but did not have the money to go to a four year
               | university. So he went to community college, and a
               | colleague of mine who taught there offered him a job as
               | he was a student. Now he has a four year degree (he was
               | able to pay his way through college with that job) and is
               | one of the best contrbutors to that group.
        
               | medium_burrito wrote:
               | I suspect community colleges are a fantastic way to
               | recruit people who one would not find otherwise. People
               | taking classes at night and holding down a full time job,
               | and doing well, just out of interest- that's someone who
               | has potential.
        
               | DC1350 wrote:
               | Yea I missed the point. Everyone I've ever met who went
               | to a community college did it specifically to learn job
               | skills since those are what all the programs were for. I
               | didn't know they taught things just for the sake of
               | knowledge or personal interest.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | There's a massive number of people who as adults or even
               | seniors take classes on a non-degree path at a CC--
               | whether it's a language, an arts class, or whatever.
        
               | the_only_law wrote:
               | Another problem is wildly varied quality. I've seen
               | course material from some community colleges that made me
               | think "wow, this seems to be a high quality resource" in
               | all sorts of interesting subjects, but most community
               | colleges in places I've lived near or been too have
               | limited programs and often low quality ones at that.
        
             | Noos wrote:
             | They generally aren't that high quality in terms of
             | classes, and the humanities they offer are "transfer
             | credits" when they aren't practical skills. I mean that
             | there's little chance to go to a community college that has
             | a strong English section, or gives any more than the basics
             | of history or psychology.
             | 
             | CCs are mostly there either for cheap transfer credits, or
             | technical programs for local industry; things like cad/cam,
             | aviation tech, etc.
        
           | indy wrote:
           | University is the last place for anyone who values education
           | for its own sake
        
           | curiousllama wrote:
           | Yea, but we don't need the large-college-campus model for
           | education for its own sake. As far as I can tell, the social
           | focus of those institutions actually _hinders_ education
           | (even as it supports social & emotional growth, networking,
           | etc., which all serve the secondary purposes of campus-
           | colleges).
           | 
           | In terms of education for its own sake, why is Coursera
           | insufficient? Or Youtube? Or, for that matter, book clubs?
        
             | the_only_law wrote:
             | I imagine for many subjects, great benefit comes from the
             | probably millions of dollars worth of equipment you get
             | access to.
             | 
             | EDIT: didn't see GPs caveat.
        
           | fallingknife wrote:
           | Because if you want education for its own sake, Google
           | university will get you there much faster and cheaper.
           | Universities are to get that diploma.
        
           | x86_64Ubuntu wrote:
           | With the costs required to obtain an education as they are,
           | we are well beyond valuing education simply for the sake of
           | valuing education. If it requires years and years to pay off,
           | then we absolutely must look at it like an investment.
        
           | awillen wrote:
           | As a couple of other commenters have said, lots of ways to
           | get high-quality education freely/cheaply without going to a
           | university.
           | 
           | Beyond that, if schools put a big warning label on their
           | recruiting materials that said "EVEN AFTER YOU SPEND $200K TO
           | ATTEND YOU WILL LIKELY NOT BE ABLE TO FIND A HIGH PAYING JOB"
           | then sure, that would be fine. But that's not what they do.
           | They allude, if only vaguely, to the value of education to
           | one's career. Many people have gone and gotten these useless
           | (financially) degrees because they have misconceptions about
           | what the result will be. As I said, hopefully the market is
           | correcting that issue as people become more aware of what
           | they're getting.
           | 
           | And hey, like I said, there are people who come from rich
           | families or who get full scholarships, and the calculus is
           | different for them. But for everyone else, it's one thing to
           | value education for it's own sake, and it's another to value
           | education at a cost of hundreds of thousands of dollars (not
           | including the opportunity cost of not working for four years
           | or the interest on the loans to pay those hundreds of
           | thousands of dollars). College is a huge, huge investment of
           | money, and while I definitely value education, I don't think
           | there's a valid argument to be made that any soft education
           | at a low-tier university is worth its price tag.
        
             | VLM wrote:
             | Its also a regulation issue.
             | 
             | Medical doctors carefully regulate the number of new
             | doctors to keep wages high. Its difficult to get into med
             | school but when you graduate you'll likely get a medical
             | doctor job.
             | 
             | Public school teachers do not regulate the number of new
             | public school teachers at all, and as such the state U
             | system in my state produces roughly twice as many ed degree
             | holders as there are jobs. Assuming hiring system is
             | perfect (which it is not, LOL) the bottom half of ed grads
             | in my state have to find non educational work. Four years
             | of "show up on time and do what you're told" makes them
             | good waitresses and bartenders in my experience, but on a
             | civilizational basis it seems an incredibly waste of money
             | and talent.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | >Beyond that, if schools put a big warning label on their
             | recruiting materials that said "EVEN AFTER YOU SPEND $200K
             | TO ATTEND YOU WILL LIKELY NOT BE ABLE TO FIND A HIGH PAYING
             | JOB" then sure, that would be fine.
             | 
             | can't wait for college to put out prospectuses that list
             | out all the risk factors in dry and exhaustive detail (eg.
             | https://personal.vanguard.com/pub/Pdf/p3141.pdf#page=4)
        
           | jawzz wrote:
           | Every reply to you is repeating the same thing and they're
           | all wrong. Woe on the next great sociologist, philosopher, or
           | artist who gets discouraged from study because "just do CS so
           | you can make money" or "just go to the library it's literally
           | the same thing as four years of training under experts in the
           | field and discussion with other smart young people."
        
             | DC1350 wrote:
             | Almost everyone goes to college to get a job. People who
             | can afford to take risks like trying to become a
             | philosopher don't come from backgrounds where price is even
             | a consideration. No middle class person dumb enough to
             | believe trying to be a sociologist is a good idea will be
             | smart enough to actually make that happen.
        
             | mythrwy wrote:
             | I don't really know of any great sociologists though.
             | 
             | I kind of feel it may be a made up field to promote forms
             | of Marxism and not something that actually contributes much
             | to the body of human knowledge. Nothing entirely wrong with
             | that either if it's something a person is into, it's just,
             | well, we might actually be better off with less sociology
             | students. The half baked and non realistic ideas that come
             | out of that cause problems in the real world.
             | 
             | The reason I feel this is not from outside observation but
             | because I spent a bunch of time in sociology classes many
             | years ago. 4 as I recall. I wish I'd spent the time in
             | extra math classes and I believe the world would be better
             | off if people did.
        
             | minitoar wrote:
             | You are wrong. Not every reply is saying that.
        
             | awillen wrote:
             | Realistically, the next great sociologist and philosopher
             | is going to be an academic, and the amount of spaces for
             | academics in those fields is so vanishingly small that if
             | you went to a third-tier university, you're almost entirely
             | unlikely to get one. If you went to Stanford/Harvard/etc.,
             | maybe, but still not great odds.
             | 
             | It's like saying that you're discouraging the next lottery
             | winner by telling people that playing the lottery is a bad
             | investment.
        
               | brighton36 wrote:
               | That probably has more to do with 'greatness' as a
               | product of the publishing system. (Meaning: it's great
               | because it's published in a prestigious medium, not
               | because the content is inherently superior) The next
               | plato will likely be completely uncelebrated in these
               | mediums, and will publish on an uncelebrated website or
               | publisher.
        
               | smm2000 wrote:
               | To be fair, first Plato was born in aristocratic family
               | and got best education possible at the time with private
               | tutors. He definitely did not go to equivalent of 3rd
               | tier university.
        
               | brighton36 wrote:
               | I didn't know that. But, I'm not surprised. It's entirely
               | possible that Ted Kaczynski is the plato we're looking
               | for.
        
           | wl wrote:
           | I value education for its own sake. So I got my degree from a
           | well regarded university in a lucrative field that I'm good
           | at and enjoy. A roof over my head and money in my bank
           | account, I can study anything I want without worrying about
           | the financial yield. Sometimes that takes the form of free
           | MOOCs. Sometimes that takes the form of paid classes taken
           | through university extension programs. Unlike when I was
           | taking classes for degrees, I'm learning things I want to
           | learn, not things I have to. It's very nice.
        
           | teeray wrote:
           | This is certainly true, but the harsh reality is that there
           | are "job training" degrees and luxury degrees. If you have
           | all your other financial ducks aligned, I don't mind if you
           | drive a Mercedes or decide to get a degree you can't possibly
           | hope to get a job with. Otherwise it's just financially
           | irresponsible.
        
         | offtop5 wrote:
         | I'll disagree with this. A very rough fact of life is not
         | everyone will be able to go to a top school. For example the
         | language requirement most top schools have excludes many people
         | who didn't grow up with a second language, and lack the extra
         | money to afford language tutoring.( Or a stable home life in
         | highschool as most college language classes work much better if
         | you took it in high school).
         | 
         | I literally couldn't pass French in community college and ended
         | up going to a lesser school because of it. It's just not
         | something I can do, at least in an academic environment.
         | 
         | That's said my life is much better for having attended college.
         | However there's absolutely a max amount of money you should
         | spend on this. Anything more than $40,000 for the full four
         | years is too much. So if you do two years at community college,
         | that's roughly $2,000 a year, 4000. Which leaves a budget of
         | $36,000 for your last two years of college, of course this is
         | just tuition.
         | 
         | That's very much doable, and even if you have to borrow the
         | whole 40 it's not that bad. The real problems start when people
         | spend $100,000 or so attending lowly ranked schools, AKA these
         | for-profit institutions.
        
           | 908B64B197 wrote:
           | > For example the language requirement most top schools have
           | excludes many people who didn't grow up with a second
           | language
           | 
           | Isn't the requirement to have done a year or two of a second
           | language in high school?
        
             | offtop5 wrote:
             | That's the admission requirement. You also have to take a
             | language in college.
             | 
             | In ether case this isn't easily doable for people who come
             | from unstable homes.
        
           | awillen wrote:
           | I don't actually think you're particularly far off from my
           | point.
           | 
           | In general, I think it's an ROI thing - the vast majority of
           | non-technical degrees from low-tier schools have abysmal ROI.
           | That said, ROI obviously depends on the I and the R - you
           | intelligently kept the R down, and it sounds like you got a
           | good I, so yeah, no disagreement. I just think you're very
           | much the exception.
        
             | offtop5 wrote:
             | To be blunt, many of us graduate high school unable to
             | properly read and write . At least 2 years of college is
             | always needed to shore these basic skills up.
             | 
             | Then again I've worked many minimum wage jobs with master
             | degree holders for
        
           | klmadfejno wrote:
           | I'm not trying to be a dick, but introductory foreign
           | language courses were, in my opinion, broadly perceived to be
           | a complete joke, and passable without the slightest
           | capability of forming a complete sentence.
           | 
           | Is it possible your community college was just unreasonably
           | difficult?
        
             | offtop5 wrote:
             | Ahh.
             | 
             | Yes, infact I took French again at a different community
             | college and passed.
             | 
             | The first community college I went too tried to cram 6
             | semester units into a single class. This still had the
             | effect of derailing my life as I had to pick a different
             | school to transfer to.
        
         | devwastaken wrote:
         | It's not just humanities degrees that are the problem. The
         | problem is the market is not actually in "high demand" like
         | higher education advertises. Graduating CS students across the
         | U.S. are turned down by employers constantly and end up working
         | in a job that doesn't require their degree nor does it use any
         | skills from it. I have multiple friends in this exact
         | situation.
         | 
         | We need to remove federal student loans for college to finally
         | fail and be taken over by real market demand education.
        
           | worker767424 wrote:
           | Could you elaborate on CS graduates getting turned down? I've
           | seen how much trouble companies have hiring, so the only
           | reasons I'm coming up with are these graduates aren't willing
           | to relocate or they studied CS because it pays well, but
           | they're not actually that good at it. Something very
           | underappreciated, and possibly the cause of the classic CS
           | class bimodal distribution, is how many students live the
           | stuff outside of school, so someone _academically_ good at CS
           | ends up competing with someone who has random open source
           | projects, sysadmins a linux server, knows how to set up a
           | network, _and_ has a CS degree.
        
             | ItsMonkk wrote:
             | They came for the high school drop outs and I did not speak
             | out...
             | 
             | High school grads, College Grads, Liberal Arts Grads, Non-
             | STEM Grads, Non-Tech Grads, and now here we are.
             | 
             | They came for the average CS graduates and I did not speak
             | out.
             | 
             | How far do we have to get up the stack to notice we have a
             | problem? Harvard Medical Grads?
        
           | jackcosgrove wrote:
           | The problem with education was explored by Bryan Caplan in
           | The Case Against Education. Education is more about who you
           | admit and less about what you teach.
        
         | Balgair wrote:
         | _Eidolon_ is a now defunct online magazine specifically about
         | the classics. The last thing they did was publish a  'fail'
         | essay. In it the head editor, who holds a PhD from Princeton in
         | the Classics, goes through all the challenges, mis-steps, and
         | lessons they all learned. 'Fail' essays in tech are a dime a
         | dozen. But in the classics, they tend to be rare. As such,
         | _Eidolon 's_ essay is a goldmine.
         | 
         | Two things stuck out to me the most:
         | 
         | 1) This passage was particularly worrying: "I'm not going to
         | downplay the extent of the problems we're facing. In addition
         | to the concerns facing Classics specifically and the humanities
         | more widely, there are also enormous and terrifying problems
         | facing higher education in general. Even before the massive
         | disruption of the Covid-19 pandemic, these problems already
         | looked insurmountable: on one side the student debt crisis,
         | which has financially crippled an entire generation, and on the
         | other side the increasing precarity of the academic workforce
         | has made teaching Classics (and every other discipline in
         | academia, really) a terrible professional prospect. This is not
         | to mention academia's endemic problems with classism and sexual
         | harassment."
         | 
         | 2) The author/head editor was Donna Zuckerberg. If that name
         | sounds a bit familiar, it's because it is. She is the sister of
         | Mark Zuckerberg, one of the richest people in history. That her
         | assessment of _Eidolon 's_ efforts is so dour and bleak,
         | despite her astronomical privilege, should register that there
         | is indeed 'something wrong in Denmark' (the humanities).
         | 
         | The rest of the essay goes into much more depth about what
         | exactly is wrong. But the essence is simple: The Humanities,
         | and the Classics specifically, are _Dead_.
         | 
         | "Abandon every hope, who enter here."
         | 
         | https://eidolon.pub/my-classics-will-be-intersectional-or-14...
        
           | yTh0 wrote:
           | I can't tell if things like this are real issues or "but
           | think of the horse and buggy driver!" problems.
           | 
           | We were teaching kids to read, ethics, morals, long before we
           | had PhDs.
           | 
           | Obsession with normalizing agency to abide fiscal concerns is
           | the real issue here.
           | 
           | Let wealth collapse by refusing to buy into the idea we owe
           | deference to those that hold wealth.
           | 
           | Teach the classics. Write open source.
           | 
           | None of it has to be done for a dollar, or outsized prestige.
        
             | mcguire wrote:
             | " _We were teaching kids to read, ethics, morals, long
             | before we had PhDs._ "
             | 
             | I think I'd like some evidence for that.
        
             | dpoochieni wrote:
             | An (sadly? or rather realistically) that is what it boils
             | down to, people who read the classics, read the classics,
             | whether at Harvard or elsewhere. People who are critical
             | thinkers, are critical thinkers, again whether at a college
             | or elsewhere. People who X, X. To think that spending money
             | (and increasing amounts of it) will change this is sheer
             | insanity. Sure, you might get a few that otherwise would
             | have never Xed to now X, but is it not just fundamentally
             | inefficient? For every p that now Xs how many are still as
             | lost? What would one do next?
             | 
             | Concerning the nurture component; Change their parents?
             | Take the children away to be raised by a government?
             | 
             | Concerning the nature component; Alter their DNA?
        
         | phabora wrote:
         | How is this an example of an efficient market when one of the
         | outcomes is to simply get a "name-brand degree"?[1] Ideally it
         | should just be about the other alternative, namely what you
         | learnt.
         | 
         | Let's not even get into the problems associated with education
         | as a commodity.
         | 
         | And (further)... let's not even get into the effective
         | subsidies that private universities can get through things like
         | tax breaks.
         | 
         | [1] Try to justify that without circular logic.
        
         | fossuser wrote:
         | There is so much broken with modern universities and incentives
         | around pricing - why are all degrees four years? Why does a
         | classics degree cost the same as a CS degree when the market
         | value of a classics degree is basically zero?
         | 
         | I wrote a little about it in the context of Lambda School, but
         | it mostly applies:
         | https://zalberico.com/essay/2019/04/08/lambda-school.html
         | 
         | "The current university system in the US is a mess of
         | incentives. Easy access to non-defaultable federal loans means
         | school's tuition is able to reach extreme heights and
         | competition for this money leads to spending on sports
         | stadiums, expensive dorms, and other things not critical to the
         | success of the students.
         | 
         | Universities also get a lot of their prestige from research and
         | the majority of their effort is typically not spent on
         | undergraduate education. This means professors are not
         | typically rewarded for being (or even expected to be) excellent
         | teachers.
         | 
         | Universities care about their students to the small extent that
         | it helps their brand to have successful students do important
         | things, but they get their tuition regardless of the actual
         | outcome of their students (with a slight preference for them
         | passing classes and not failing out)."
        
           | fennecfoxen wrote:
           | > why are all degrees four years? Why does a classics degree
           | cost the same as a CS degree
           | 
           | Consider all the weird sets of expectations that people glue
           | together and name "college education". There's this ancient
           | classical idea of the Liberal Arts, that is, the arts that
           | were deemed suitable for free men to know, Philosophy,
           | Literature, higher callings. There's the modern, results-
           | oriented idea of "you should develop useful skills," split
           | between people who think of it as "this is an investment in
           | yourself and your human capital" and those who say "this is
           | to produce more cogs for the machine." There are those who
           | would use it to promote critical thinking; there are those
           | who would use it to promote indoctrination. Are you going to
           | school to network? To learn? To find your purpose? To effect
           | justice through political action? To signal your desirability
           | through the brand "bachelors degree"? To signal your
           | desirability through a brand like "Harvard"?
           | 
           | I suspect society is going to slowly move away from the idea
           | of all-encompassing "college" and consider all of these as
           | different things as different types of achievement. This will
           | come as a blow to the big schools, who have long used the
           | aura of the "Liberal Arts" as the brand.
        
           | VLM wrote:
           | > Why does a classics degree cost the same as a CS degree
           | 
           | Under a Marx labor theory of value, the professorial labor to
           | produce a classics degree holder is almost certainly more
           | expensive than the labor to produce a (edited: CS) degree.
           | 
           | It subjectively seems near universal in CS that the surviving
           | graduates self taught themselves to program in high school or
           | earlier, whereas AFAIK classics degree holders pretty much
           | require professorial direction and education. The "greater CS
           | community" aggressively self educates whereas I'm not sure
           | the greater classics community does to the same extent.
           | 
           | Business, such as modern higher ed, is often an interesting
           | tradeoff between the cost of production and revenue. I'm sure
           | you can squeeze more revenue out of CS kids but the cost of
           | production is almost certainly higher for Classics kids.
           | 
           | Which might explain why the classics are going away as
           | available degree programs whereas CS generally only expands
           | over long term.
        
           | 908B64B197 wrote:
           | > Why does a classics degree cost the same as a CS degree
           | when the market value of a classics degree is basically zero?
           | 
           | Because it has a large numbers of applicants. It's offer and
           | demand.
           | 
           | > Universities also get a lot of their prestige from research
           | and the majority of their effort is typically not spent on
           | undergraduate education. This means professors are not
           | typically rewarded for being (or even expected to be)
           | excellent teachers.
           | 
           | Something I've noticed and take this with a grain of salt as
           | this is a sample=1 observation is that the better researchers
           | (more publications, better funded labs) were generally also
           | better teachers.
        
             | wetmore wrote:
             | > Something I've noticed and take this with a grain of salt
             | as this is a sample=1 observation is that the better
             | researchers (more publications, better funded labs) were
             | generally also better teachers.
             | 
             | I've had the opposite experience.
        
             | xiaolingxiao wrote:
             | > Something I've noticed and take this with a grain of salt
             | as this is a sample=1 observation is that the better
             | researchers (more publications, better funded labs) were
             | generally also better teachers.
             | 
             | In engineering/math, I've seen it swing both ways. Some
             | professors couldn't be bothered to teach, because are so
             | busy w/ their research and/or jaded w/ the University:
             | implicit assumption is to baby the undergrads and shepherd
             | them along the system. In regards to funding in relation to
             | teaching ability, one way to look at it is that a PI is in
             | essence a salesman, you have to sell your vision to get
             | funding/appointments, sell your lab to get good phd
             | candidates, and sell the subject to undergrad as something
             | that is interesting and worthy of learning.
        
               | medium_burrito wrote:
               | You are right on the mark on the PI being a sales-
               | man/woman/*. People forget how basically the purpose of a
               | leader is to sell the product, and sell it hard.
               | 
               | Think of a research group like any other business. You
               | have to create a product and sell it, except the product
               | is publications and publicity.
               | 
               | Related, university presidents are fundraisers first, ie
               | selling their nonprofit to donors, in exchange for
               | buildings, chairs, spots on committees (for poors),
               | fuzzie-wuzzies, etc.
        
             | fossuser wrote:
             | > "Because it has a large numbers of applicants. It's offer
             | and demand."
             | 
             | I suspect that's because these students are really buying
             | prestige and a classics degree is the easiest option.
             | 
             | > Something I've noticed and take this with a grain of salt
             | as this is a sample=1 observation is that the better
             | researchers (more publications, better funded labs) were
             | generally also better teachers.
             | 
             | This isn't a huge surprise to me since it's crazy
             | competitive so the better funded labs are likely outliers
             | in a bunch of ways (including social skills/teaching). Not
             | all researchers teach much though and being good is more of
             | a side-effect than a goal for Universities.
        
               | 908B64B197 wrote:
               | > I suspect that's because these students are really
               | buying prestige and a classics degree is the easiest
               | option.
               | 
               | Probably. But the value falls dramatically once you get
               | to tier two schools, and becomes almost worthless for
               | tier 3.
        
               | fossuser wrote:
               | Which is exactly what I'd predict in a world where
               | "Interest Surges in Top Colleges, While Struggling Ones
               | Scrape for Applicants".
               | 
               | When the thing being sold is prestige, lower tier
               | colleges don't actually have the product that's in
               | demand. So they can charge basically nothing since
               | they're selling nothing of value. That's not viable as a
               | business (unless they lie to students who don't know
               | better and pretend that they're selling prestige they
               | don't have, "a degree will improve your life"). A lot of
               | lower tier colleges fit this kind of con, the for-profit
               | ones are explicitly this.
               | 
               | If they actually provided valuable education that'd be
               | different, but they largely don't.
               | 
               | I think Lambda School style ISAs are the way for all but
               | the top tier colleges. It means they have to actually be
               | good at education.
               | 
               | Imagine the opportunity of actually being good at
               | education and doing ISAs. It would mean your institution
               | could do what Universities largely just pretend to do.
               | You could make money from ISAs and aligned
               | incentives/student success. You could also make money
               | from companies as a recruiting agency if your students
               | were actually guaranteed to be good. Your curriculum
               | would be closely tied to what's needed and what's
               | relevant.
               | 
               | You don't even have to give up the classics if you don't
               | want to, they can just exist along side the other stuff
               | (as they should). You just don't pretend they're hard or
               | economically viable on their own.
               | 
               | Actual education is super powerful, it's just a
               | diminutive part of what Universities have become and
               | they're not very good at it.
        
               | 908B64B197 wrote:
               | > I think Lambda School style ISAs are the way for all
               | but the top tier colleges. It means they have to actually
               | be good at education.
               | 
               | Actually, the top schools would benefit from these the
               | most. With close to 100% employment rates and better
               | median salaries than anyone else.
               | 
               | > Imagine the opportunity of actually being good at
               | education and doing ISAs. It would mean your institution
               | could do what Universities largely just pretend to do.
               | You could make money from ISAs and aligned
               | incentives/student success. You could also make money
               | from companies as a recruiting agency if your students
               | were actually guaranteed to be good. Your curriculum
               | would be closely tied to what's needed and what's
               | relevant.
               | 
               | I wonder how much income stream is coming from
               | underperforming programs at modern Universities. For some
               | of them it must be substantial. And I'm also wondering if
               | some of them also redirect the income toward more useful
               | programs or research.
        
               | fossuser wrote:
               | Lambda School style ISAs cap the return at 30k.
               | 
               | The top schools don't need ISAs because they're selling
               | prestige they can charge a lot more for. Since they're so
               | highly selective they can admit only students who will
               | succeed anyway.
               | 
               | Maybe over time that prestige will change, but I don't
               | see that as near-term. I think it'd be better if they did
               | ISAs, I just don't think they'll want to (or their ISAs
               | will be worse for students than Lambda School's).
               | 
               | Right now top schools can charge up front and it doesn't
               | really matter what they provide.
        
               | violiner wrote:
               | > a classics degree is the easiest option
               | 
               | You have clearly never studied Ancient Greek.
        
               | timthorn wrote:
               | > a classics degree is the easiest option
               | 
               | I'm not sure I'd agree with that assertion.
        
               | fossuser wrote:
               | You can substitute it for English, Communications, or
               | Literature if you prefer.
        
               | mywittyname wrote:
               | Elite colleges are weird. At state schools, usually the
               | technical programs are the most rigorous. While elite
               | colleges offer largely identical technical degrees, their
               | most difficult or prestigious course might be something
               | obscure like Philosophy, Politics & Economics.
               | 
               | It's almost like a shibboleth: only those who actually
               | went to the school will recognize the prestige.
        
             | alasdair_ wrote:
             | >Because it has a large numbers of applicants. It's offer
             | and demand.
             | 
             | I suspect a lot of this is because of enormous amounts of
             | risk-free (to the schools) money from the government.
             | 
             | Also, different degrees definitely cost different prices -
             | the cost of an MBA is far higher than the cost of a masters
             | in history, for example.
        
             | musicale wrote:
             | > the better researchers (more publications, better funded
             | labs) were generally also better teachers.
             | 
             | Also anecdata, but I've observed no such correlation. In
             | the sciences I've seen the opposite - that Nobel prize
             | winners (or similar) can be terrible at teaching
             | undergraduates, and even poor mentors for grad students.
             | Some faculty even seem to resent teaching introductory or
             | undergraduate courses. In contrast, I've found many
             | graduate students still remember what it was like to be a
             | beginner trying to learn and understand the material for
             | the first time. (Though not all of them are great
             | lecturers.)
             | 
             | That being said, in CS I've found many Turing award type
             | faculty to be fantastic lecturers (and occasionally
             | acceptable graduate advisors.)
             | 
             | Overall, I'd put my money behind the incentives: at a large
             | research university, tenure is based on 1) research grants,
             | 2) research productivity, publication, and reputation. The
             | university will pay lip service to teaching (both mentoring
             | graduate students and teaching undergraduates) but it is
             | usually a distant third if it is actually considered at
             | all.
             | 
             | It's not a coincidence that the university and faculty will
             | talk about a "teaching load" - i.e. a burden that one is
             | supposed to endure that distracts from the primary goals of
             | fundraising and research.
        
           | yw3410 wrote:
           | I'm not sure I agree with your article.
           | 
           | I can think of at least one way to structure an ISA such that
           | incentives aren't aligned. Since it's relatively risk-free,
           | the ISA could essentially just optimize for number of
           | students rather than quality.
           | 
           | This already happens in things like recruiting where
           | incentives supposedly align; so I don't think it would be a
           | stretch to apply it to ISA agreements.
           | 
           | It's like the illustrative story of the shaman/psychic who
           | offers to change the lottery odds for you for a cut of the
           | winnings.
           | 
           | What would be interesting is if the ISA /paid/ you a living
           | wage on completion until you found a job.
        
             | fossuser wrote:
             | I think LS is piloting a program that pays students per
             | month while they attend.
             | 
             | Your point about them just scaling up to maximize potential
             | return is a good one - a bad potential outcome I hadn't
             | thought of.
             | 
             | Hopefully reputation would provide some counter to that.
             | 
             | I think they'd also want to increase the percentage of
             | successful students, I'm not sure scaling up blindly would
             | be the most likely way to get a return.
             | 
             | LS style ISAs also have a few parts that make them
             | importantly different.
             | 
             | - They cap return to 30k.
             | 
             | - They only apply if you get hired in a software role
             | making more than 50k a year.
             | 
             | - They're time limited to 10 yrs (even if you don't hit
             | 30k).
        
           | oceanplexian wrote:
           | You are correct about lending being the problem. Education is
           | not a free market where capital is allocated in proportion to
           | value that is created, because all of the loans are
           | subsidized. And the government can't put itself into a
           | position where it subsidized some loans but not others based
           | on the curriculum, because there would be public outrage.
           | 
           | A long time ago I attempted to enroll in a nearby college to
           | take some literature courses and simply pay cash and they
           | were dumbfounded. I had to have career conversations, take a
           | test, take required courses, and other nonsense. It is a
           | deeply flawed system IMHO, designed to stamp out obedient
           | employees and not actually encourage the proliferation of
           | knowledge.
        
             | gshubert17 wrote:
             | I've listened to lecture courses from The Great Courses
             | (Teaching Company) on literature, history, music,
             | philosophy, and science for 20+ years now. I get to learn
             | what I want, at my own pace, etc. The lecturers are good,
             | and I can replay or repeat lectures as I like. Many
             | advantages of taking college courses without the hassles
             | you ran into.
        
           | hardtke wrote:
           | > Why does a classics degree cost the same as a CS degree
           | when the market value of a classics degree is basically zero?
           | 
           | Maybe I am deluding myself because my daughter has decided to
           | get an expensive classics degree, but the most valuable skill
           | one can acquire in college is how to communicate,
           | particularly how to write well. The second most valuable
           | skill is learning how to master complicated material. Each
           | major teaches these skills in a different way, but the value
           | of learning these skills is basically the same however you
           | accomplish it. It might be easier to get a high paying job
           | right out of school with a CS degree, but the ability to
           | communicate and the ability to learn will still pay dividends
           | long after your technical knowledge is obsolete.
        
           | neonological wrote:
           | >Why does a classics degree cost the same as a CS degree when
           | the market value of a classics degree is basically zero?
           | 
           | This is good. If degrees were priced based off of supply and
           | demand economics then only rich people would be able to
           | afford a CS degree.
           | 
           | Currently the bar for getting a degree is partly economics
           | and partly intelligence. You can't get rid of economics
           | completely but at the very least they keep prices egalitarian
           | and allow for raw intelligence to be a huge factor in
           | acceptance.
        
             | fossuser wrote:
             | I think it's not good - not because a CS degree needs to be
             | more expensive, but because the liberal arts degrees are
             | over priced.
             | 
             | A poetry degree should not cost nearly what it does.
             | 
             | CS education tied to ISAs makes education more accessible,
             | not less.
             | 
             | The current system harms the poor.
             | 
             | As it is degrees are already tied to supply and demand
             | economics, the supply is just constrained by admissions
             | (often this is true of specific departments too).
        
           | cldellow wrote:
           | For what it's worth, the things you call out don't seem to be
           | the case in the Canadian public university that I attended,
           | the University of Waterloo.
           | 
           | > why are all degrees four years?
           | 
           | UW offers three-year degrees. A four-year degree typically
           | gets you an Honours Bachelor degree, whereas a three-year
           | degree is a General Bachelor. On a resume it'd still be
           | written as "B.A.", and the reviewer would have to know to
           | inquire, or to infer from the absence of "B.A. (Hons)".
           | 
           | > Why does a classics degree cost the same as a CS degree?
           | 
           | Similarly, my software engineering degree now costs
           | $17,100/year. An arts degree costs $7,700/year. (Data:
           | https://uwaterloo.ca/future-students/financing/tuition)
           | 
           | It would be interesting to understand how they set the
           | prices.
        
             | mywittyname wrote:
             | > UW offers three-year degrees.
             | 
             | Some engineering programs are a five-year bachelors, due to
             | a requirement to have a 1-year internship. Yet, other
             | universities offer a 5-year BS+MS engineering program.
        
             | 908B64B197 wrote:
             | > It would be interesting to understand how they set the
             | prices.
             | 
             | It's not the same everywhere. Cross the border to Quebec
             | and it's a flat rate (every program is the same).
        
             | dbspin wrote:
             | Wow. As a European I had no idea that Canadian education
             | was so expensive. Was under the mistaken impression that it
             | was largely free, like health care. Obviously much cheaper
             | than the US - which is life destroyingly expensive. But the
             | figures you cite are still pricey enough to exclude
             | enormous numbers of people from higher education.
        
               | ido wrote:
               | For comparison in Germany and Austria public universities
               | are mostly free or close to it (a few EUR100s per year in
               | misc fees).
        
               | chongli wrote:
               | _it was largely free_
               | 
               | It is largely free if your means are limited. I'm in 4th
               | year of mathematics at Waterloo right now and all but
               | $170 of my $4300 tuition this term was paid for by
               | government grants and bursaries.
               | 
               | Waterloo is actually even more expensive for
               | international students. Some that I know are paying
               | ~$3000 per half credit (5.0 credits per year is the norm)
               | and that's just in mathematics, not software engineering.
        
               | 908B64B197 wrote:
               | > Wow. As a European I had no idea that Canadian
               | education was so expensive.
               | 
               | It also depends on the province (most funding is at the
               | province level).
               | 
               | > Was under the mistaken impression that it was largely
               | free, like health care.
               | 
               | Ohh don't worry, what they don't pay in insurance fees
               | they pay in taxes and fees.
        
               | skinnymuch wrote:
               | What does the last part of your message mean? Obviously
               | no one believes universal health care is actually free.
               | 
               | The US spends a metric ton on medical expenses any way so
               | a qualifier for Canadians like that doesn't seem right.
        
               | swat535 wrote:
               | The government will basically offer financial aid to
               | everyone and the interest rate on those are really low.
               | My friend got a law degree for ~40k CAD and he got it all
               | from financial aid. Now that he is working, he is paying
               | it off with a comical interest rate.
        
               | cldellow wrote:
               | I suspect the engineering tuition is set as a function of
               | supply and demand - the University of Waterloo has a
               | fairly competitive engineering program. For example,
               | engineering at Laurentian University, another public
               | university in the same province, is only $10,000/year.
               | 
               | Still, that's a large burden. There are government
               | programs that provide a mix of non-repayable grants and
               | deferred payment loans to people who qualify based on
               | family income. I don't have too much personal experience
               | with them, but I think the intent (and, for the most
               | part, effect) is that economic ability shouldn't be a
               | barrier for attendance.
        
               | bawolff wrote:
               | Waterloo is probably one of the more expensive canadian
               | schools.
               | 
               | Not saying others are cheap, but just looking at waterloo
               | is probably not represtative.
        
               | mitchdoogle wrote:
               | US education is hardly "life-destroyingly expensive".
               | It's more than the rest of the world, but it is
               | definitely manageable to pay for it yourself with student
               | loans. If you have financial aid (billions of dollars in
               | aid is out there for good students in financial need).
               | More cost-conscious folks can save thousands more by
               | splitting an undergraduate degree between a low-cost
               | 2-year college (community college, junior college) and
               | then transfer in to a 4-year school to complete a degree.
               | 
               | College costs around the
               | world:https://www.businessinsider.com/how-much-college-
               | costs-aroun...
        
               | mavelikara wrote:
               | Availability of credit does not make a purchase less
               | expensive.
        
               | conistonwater wrote:
               | Bear in mind those are Canadian dollars, not the regular
               | dollars, so the price tag is always going to be a little
               | more confusing for the non-Canadians.
        
               | musicale wrote:
               | > life destroyingly expensive
               | 
               | nailed it
        
             | filoleg wrote:
             | >UW offers three-year degrees.
             | 
             | Not just in Canadian universities, I believe it is pretty
             | common and the parent commenter is just not aware.
             | 
             | I went to Georgia Tech, a public school in Atlanta. While
             | the "planned" curriculum is supposed to fit in 4 years, the
             | median is actually around 4.5-5 years. But there are some
             | people who manage to graduate in 3.5 or 3 years (I know 2
             | of those personally).
             | 
             | In most schools in the US, there is no such thing as
             | "years". You have the classes you need to take to graduate
             | in your program, and it is up to you how to manage that
             | workload. Wanna take 12 credit hours per semester and
             | graduate in 5 years? Sure. Want to take 18-20 hours per
             | semester and graduate in a bit over 3? Absolutely.
             | 
             | Of course some classes have prerequisites and time
             | overlaps, so it isn't 100% freeform, but you can always
             | control the pace at which you graduate. At least that was
             | the experience at my public college, as well as that of
             | almost everyone else I talked to.
        
               | bilegeek wrote:
               | >Of course some classes have prerequisites and time
               | overlaps
               | 
               | One semester is designed with a particular set of
               | prerequisites in mind. Most times, one prerequisite holds
               | back every other class on the career path. So, if you
               | don't take that one class that semester, you can only
               | take the elective courses until you take that class.
               | Which means that when you run out of electives, what was
               | supposed to be one semester becomes two, with the only
               | course you qualify for in the second being the one you
               | missed (this isn't necessarily true for the spring
               | semester, since you could take the missing class during
               | the summer.)
               | 
               | This is fine, but it leads to a disparity; taking on more
               | classes than the recommended workload has a pretty linear
               | correlation with decreased time to a degree (though the
               | problem still persists that you don't qualify for your
               | next classes); but taking on less than the recommended
               | often jumps straight to doubling the time needed for a
               | degree, with very little room in-between.
        
               | filoleg wrote:
               | It all heavily depends on how your specific college
               | manages your curriculum and how open the choices are.
               | 
               | My personal example: decided to ignore most of the
               | general studies classes I could ignore (aka those that
               | weren't prereqs for any major-related classes, like most
               | social studies) for the first year, did two 14-16 hour
               | semesters for the first year, about 12 hours (each
               | semester) for the second and third year (aka minimum
               | required to be considered full time), took one fall
               | semester off and then did one summer semester instead,
               | and then finished off my last year with two back-to-back
               | 22-24 hour semesters (during which I took a lot of those
               | classes I ignored during my first year).
               | 
               | My school let us do it pretty much free-form, and it was
               | amazing. Taking all the important major-related classes
               | early on let me become knowledgeable enough for
               | internships before a lot of peers (since I ended up
               | taking some important major classes a semester or two
               | ahead instead of taking gen ed classes like a lot of
               | others did at the time), and during my last year I got a
               | bit of a break by taking some of those "general ed"
               | classes that most of my peers took early on.
               | 
               | I love this system, because it allows people to balance
               | it all as they see fit. Some people would like to get all
               | the gen ed classes out of the way first. Some would want
               | to save them for last. Some would like to take them
               | regularly at a "one general ed class per semester" pace.
               | Some people would like to just do 16 credit hours every
               | semester. Some would like to slow down at times and them
               | ramp up heavily at times (which is what I did). Some
               | would like to graduate early, others would like to take
               | their time. Whichever style works for you.
               | 
               | And yeah, we had a general guideline for every major,
               | with every class planned out every semester serving as a
               | "sample workload", but it was just a guideline. Most
               | people followed it to a degree, but not close. Others
               | completely threw it out of the window, because they sorta
               | knew what and how they wanted to do it. I think it is
               | helpful to have for those who don't want to plan out
               | things to their max efficiency and just want to not worry
               | about it. But it isn't something that everyone is forced
               | to abide by, it is more like an advice.
        
               | tmpz22 wrote:
               | The University of Oregon charges based on credit hours so
               | more or less its an identical price for any degree (sans
               | scholarship). I've always been under the impression this
               | this is the norm. I'm glad your school offered reduced
               | rates for some degree paths but I think it is an outlier.
        
               | filoleg wrote:
               | Unfortunately, they didn't reduce the rates. It was the
               | same tuition price per semester, regardless of credit
               | hours (as long as you still stay full-time, because the
               | price for part-time is half). Which meant that people who
               | graduated in quicker time spent less money. The cost was
               | also the same for all undergrad degrees.
               | 
               | But it wasn't much of a concern at GT, because of the
               | statewide Hope/Zell Miller scholarship covering the
               | tuition based on the credit hours (and not on the actual
               | semesters, you just have to have GPA high enough to
               | qualify, which wasn't that high at all). So if you wanted
               | to speedrun it and risk your GPA, you could do that. But
               | if you wanted to take it slower, that scholarship allowed
               | you to do so, because they paid regardless of how many
               | years you took to graduate, as long as you were full time
               | (with some nuances around part-time that aren't worth
               | getting into right now), had high enough GPA, and you
               | werent over the total cap of credit hours needed to
               | graduate from your program.
        
           | screye wrote:
           | > There is so much broken with modern universities and
           | incentives around pricing - why are all degrees four years?
           | Why does a classics degree cost the same as a CS degree when
           | the market value of a classics degree is basically zero?
           | 
           | Totally agree. Despite 100s of choices for universities in
           | the US, they all appear to be cookie cutter copies of each
           | other.
        
           | awillen wrote:
           | Yeah, the four year thing is a great point. I got a
           | psychology degree, which definitely could've been done in
           | three (I know this because I switched sophomore year). I have
           | friends in hard sciences whose mental health probably
           | would've been waaaaaay better if they spent 5-6 years on
           | their degree.
        
             | ryandrake wrote:
             | It might be different now, but I remember my computer
             | engineering degree could have probably been done in 3
             | years, if not for 1. the artificial dependency/prerequisite
             | tree requiring you to take certain courses in a certain
             | order and 2. all the required filler courses you needed to
             | take in order to meet the university's arbitrary definition
             | of well-roundedness. I just want to learn how to write
             | compliers and how a MOSFET works, but you want me to take
             | university-level theater? I could learn theater on my own
             | if I wanted to.
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | >> I just want to learn how to write compliers and how a
               | MOSFET works, but you want me to take university-level
               | theater? I could learn theater on my own if I wanted to.
               | 
               | Ya, and the acting students can learn about "compliers"
               | online too. Outside of a garage startup, an engineer is
               | useless if they cannot integrate into a larger team
               | through the spoken and written word. I've run into BS
               | students who haven't read a book since highschool. I've
               | met compsci masters students who still panic if asked to
               | stand up and explain their work to a large group. If a
               | few hours learning about theatre helps solidify your
               | language and presentation abilities, maybe it should be
               | mandatory.
        
               | foolinaround wrote:
               | while communication skills are essential, needing a
               | theatre program is a stretch.
               | 
               | Students should just join a toastmasters
        
               | mywittyname wrote:
               | I was required to take public speaking as part of my
               | degree.
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | Well, the one thing we can all agree on is that football
               | has no place in education. I have never played it, don't
               | watch it, and therefore it has never done anyone any good
               | anywhere.
        
               | evilduck wrote:
               | TBF you can learn how MOSFETs and compilers work on your
               | own too, you don't need college courses for those either.
               | A higher education degree is a package deal and isn't
               | necessarily intended to be a vocational training course,
               | for better or for worse.
        
               | packagetheft wrote:
               | You can get a very simplified and overall summary of a
               | compiler and mosfet but you won't necessarily be learning
               | it. Knowing the basic of a mosfet is very different from
               | actually getting hands on experience and taping out a 7nm
               | chip.
        
               | taurath wrote:
               | But of course businesses do treat it as a vocational
               | course if they gatekeeper based on that degree. The
               | actual value on the job is different than in the
               | interview room, a fact that perpetuates inequality. I'm a
               | counterpoint in that I've no degree but have done well,
               | but I can't find myself recommending self learning
               | because the barrier to initial entry to industry is so
               | high.
        
               | agar wrote:
               | Have you considered that one reason businesses gatekeep
               | based on the degree is /because/ of the well-roundedness
               | that comes from a university education instead of a trade
               | school or online learning?
               | 
               | Many benefits are difficult to quantify, but still
               | measurable during an interview: presentation skills,
               | discussions of how you overcome obstacles, demonstrable
               | research into the hiring organization, insightful
               | questions you ask, active listening skills, collaboration
               | skills articulated through example and past experience,
               | etc.
               | 
               | If an interview is exclusively writing code on a
               | whiteboard, that says a lot of what will be asked of you
               | during the job. Good fit for some, poor fit for others.
        
               | foolinaround wrote:
               | the business just did not have a good filtering
               | (recruitment) function - either time or expertise, and so
               | decided to use other signals, like college degrees, etc.
        
           | matwood wrote:
           | > why are all degrees four years?
           | 
           | Most people take the required hours over 4 years, but you
           | certainly don't have to (you do have to plan since some
           | classes are only offered at certain times). When I was in
           | college I went year round so I could have a more even
           | schedule and worked nearly full time. My wife did her
           | undergrad in ~2.5 years after she got out the Army. She
           | didn't go for the 'college experience', and just wanted to
           | get done and move on.
        
             | boatsie wrote:
             | I think the parent post refers to all of the different
             | majors taking the same time.
        
               | alasdair_ wrote:
               | Can you get four years worth of government-backed tuition
               | money out of a student when the degree only takes. a
               | year?
        
               | jdale27 wrote:
               | As other comments have pointed out, many colleges do not
               | require you to stay for four years if you can finish
               | faster. But most students do not want to, or are not
               | capable of, taking twice the normal course load. Not
               | everything is a conspiracy by the elites to extract more
               | money from the masses.
        
           | chiefalchemist wrote:
           | The student loan system created artificial demand. Demand
           | increases price. Students get larger loans because it's easy.
           | Demand continues. Prices rise more, and so on. Price will
           | rise as much as the market can bear.
           | 
           | Banks make out well. Higher edu makes out well. Politicians
           | make out well. Students and often their parents lose.
           | 
           | That said, students and parents have alternatives - e.g., two
           | years of community college and then transfer for two more
           | years where a degree would have more prestige - but they too
           | often refuse to do so. Gotta keep up with those Jones.
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | > That said, students and parents have alternatives - e.g.,
             | two years of community college and then transfer for two
             | more years where a degree would have more prestige
             | 
             | Non-public prestige schools aren't particularly favorable
             | to transfers generally or CC transfers particularly,
             | finding a community college with programs in a given field
             | that would support transfer to a prestige school is
             | difficult, and CCs aren't really geared to nonlocal
             | students and often the surrounding community is not student
             | supportive the way university towns can be. CCs do save on
             | tuition and registration fees, but often don't save on lab
             | fees, books, and living expenses, and rarely have any
             | significant campus-based aid, which can make them _more_
             | expensive for some students than "prestige" universities.
        
               | fossuser wrote:
               | Agreed - "students refuse to do so" as the parent comment
               | mentioned because they recognize the risk, both with the
               | things you suggest and the ding to the prestige they're
               | trying to buy in the first place.
               | 
               | While I agree with the parent's general sentiment I also
               | think it's not addressing the initial intent. The reason
               | for the federally backed loans was to give people access
               | to loans that the banks would otherwise deny. The intent
               | is good, but the knock-on effects and perverse incentives
               | that get created are quite bad.
        
           | tzs wrote:
           | Do you have any actual data showing that federal loans have
           | lead to tuition increases?
           | 
           | I've not been able to find much historical tuition data
           | online, but what little I did find (Stanford going back about
           | 100 years and one state university whose name I've forgotten)
           | showed no clear change in the rate of tuition increases pre-
           | federal loans compared to post-federal loans.
        
             | lumost wrote:
             | Arguably inexhaustible government and loan money drove the
             | price increase. The current loan program was introduced to
             | stem increasing government direct grant expenditures.
             | 
             | Odds are that we're seeing the tail end of this where costs
             | have risen to match the maximum that students are willing
             | to pay over the course of 10 years multiplied by 1/interest
             | rates. In times of economic uncertainty the amount I'm
             | willing to spend in the future drops, when interest rates
             | rise the total amount I'm willing to spend now drops.
             | 
             | Colleges will either have to become cheaper or face
             | diminished demand for college education. It's a great time
             | to found a new university with a lower cost structure and
             | more emphasis put on professors/tenured teaching staff.
        
           | birdyrooster wrote:
           | Here is another one: Why do I need to complete a bachelors
           | degree in order to join a CS master program? Why can't they
           | test or interview folks into master's programs? Schools are
           | precluding themselves from good candidates that didn't see
           | the value in bachelor's degrees (often for the reasons found
           | in this thread).
        
             | fossuser wrote:
             | Even if you have a BS, you'll still need to get
             | recommendations from professors you likely have not talked
             | to in a decade (and also take the GRE).
        
               | beastman82 wrote:
               | I suspect this is not generally accurate. I have an MS in
               | CS and had neither recs nor a GRE score
        
               | wikibob wrote:
               | Where did you go?
        
               | fma wrote:
               | Georgia Tech's Online Master of Science requires neither
               | GRE nor letters from professors. I got my letters from my
               | former managers. Of course you can get them from
               | professors, if you want...they want letters from anyone
               | who can vouch for your competency and ability to complete
               | the program.
        
             | LargeWu wrote:
             | I suspect willingness to complete an undergraduate degree
             | is a strong signal to masters' programs. The 4-year degree
             | is itself part of the test for the master's program.
        
             | chrisseaton wrote:
             | > Here is another one: Why do I need to complete a
             | bachelors degree in order to join a CS master program?
             | 
             | Some masters programs let you join with no bachelors. I
             | have a masters and PhD in CS but no bachelors in anything.
             | It wasn't any kind of special programme and I'm not any
             | kind of gifted student either (my grades were quite low.)
        
               | foolinaround wrote:
               | oh i did not know that! Which college is this? US?
        
               | birdyrooster wrote:
               | Every school that has tried to get me to consider their
               | masters CS programs (despite not realizing I don't have a
               | bachelors) so far has rejected me on the basis that I
               | don't have a bachelors. Definitely curious where you
               | went.
        
           | musicale wrote:
           | > Why does a classics degree cost the same as a CS degree
           | when the market value of a classics degree is basically zero
           | 
           | If that is true it probably says more about the short-
           | sightedness of the job market rather than the practical
           | benefits of a program in Classics.
           | 
           | A Classics education - like CS in fact - actually has wide
           | applicability over a range of disciplines. There is a reason
           | we call things "Humanities" after all. Greek and Latin
           | classics, for example, have proven their value and relevance
           | to humanity over centuries if not millennia! They are
           | unlikely to become obsolete any time soon.
           | 
           | Classics graduates are likely to have superior reading and
           | writing skills compared to a typical CS graduate. And the
           | complexity of real languages like Latin or Greek puts
           | computer "languages" to shame.
           | 
           | Moreover, it's a lot easier to learn CS on your own or on the
           | job. ;-)
        
             | fossuser wrote:
             | > "Classics graduates are also likely to have superior
             | reading and writing skills compared to a typical CS
             | graduate."
             | 
             | "Typical" might be doing a lot of work there. I wouldn't
             | buy it in the general case.
        
               | musicale wrote:
               | Classics programs generally require more evaluated prose
               | writing, as well as text reading and analysis, so it is
               | reasonable to assume that they would yield benefits in
               | actual writing skill.
               | 
               | However, it would be interesting to have some data to
               | compare, for example GRE writing scores of Classics vs.
               | CS graduates.
        
               | fossuser wrote:
               | I don't mean to come across as overly harsh or partisan
               | against liberal arts majors. I think the content is often
               | interesting. I just think it should be taken along side a
               | technical major too.
               | 
               | I do have a bias against overly flowery language that
               | obscures meaning, and tend to find that more often comes
               | from the less technical side of the academic spectrum:
               | http://www.paulgraham.com/talk.html
        
               | musicale wrote:
               | I assume you haven't read many academic papers in CS? ;-)
               | 
               | That's a bit of a joke. Clarity is of course a primary
               | virtue in all forms of academic writing, and one that is
               | often ignored either unintentionally or in an attempt to
               | impress one's reviewers and/or to signal one's membership
               | in a particular tribe.
        
           | jackcosgrove wrote:
           | > This means professors are not typically rewarded for being
           | (or even expected to be) excellent teachers.
           | 
           | This reminds me of a joke that circulated among students when
           | I was in college. The joke was that being voted the
           | department's best instructor by the students was an excellent
           | way to be denied tenure.
        
           | gandalfian wrote:
           | _why are all degrees four years?_
           | 
           | The university of Buckingham in the UK will do a two year
           | official BA with no holidays. about $15000 a year. Americans
           | are welcomed. It does OK but most students still choose a
           | university with longer courses but more holiday and students
           | interested in greater, let us say, "cultural development".
        
         | mitchdoogle wrote:
         | I think people need to stop thinking about higher education in
         | terms of financial yield. Or at least make it a much smaller
         | piece of the metric.
         | 
         | If that's the only metric you base your opinions of education
         | on, then ask yourself this - why learn anything in your life
         | that isn't directly related to your occupation?
        
         | keiferski wrote:
         | Seems to me like further polarization. Only those that can
         | afford the elite colleges (or be "smart" enough to get in) will
         | be educated, while the rest will skip any personal development
         | and just go right into the market.
         | 
         | Educating people in the skills necessary for being good
         | citizens doesn't cost that much. Most of the books required are
         | free. Yet somehow the common response to "college is expensive"
         | is "get rid of it" instead of "make it less expensive."
        
           | RestlessMind wrote:
           | > Yet somehow the common response to "college is expensive"
           | is "get rid of it" instead of "make it less expensive."
           | 
           | I don't know what country you are talking about but at least
           | in the US, we have community colleges which are very cheap
           | and can "educate people in the skills necessary for being
           | good citizens". It is only the worthless degrees from private
           | / for-profit colleges which are a problem.
        
             | keiferski wrote:
             | I have taken classes at communities colleges. I'm sure many
             | are good institutions, but my experience was that
             | absolutely no one there cared about learning. It is very
             | clearly treated as "second class."
        
           | fallingknife wrote:
           | Why can't the skills necessary for being good citizens be
           | taught in HS like they were back when going to college was
           | rare?
        
             | keiferski wrote:
             | Because the world has grown more complex and more education
             | is required. It isn't 1955 anymore.
        
               | fallingknife wrote:
               | How is the world more complex? What else needs to be
               | taught today?
        
           | wiz21c wrote:
           | > the skills necessary for being good citizens
           | 
           | this one hundred thousand times.
        
           | econnors wrote:
           | > Only those that can afford the elite colleges (or be
           | "smart" enough to get in) will be educated
           | 
           | This is how it is today. The only difference is people are
           | paying $40k+ x 4years to "be educated" but they're not
           | actually learning valuable skills.
           | 
           | > Yet somehow the common response to "college is expensive"
           | is "get rid of it" instead of "make it less expensive."
           | 
           | We've already tried making it less expensive. Students can
           | get low interest rate loans to attend wherever they'd like -
           | unfortunately that just leads to more colleges, more types of
           | useless degrees, and increased tuition.
        
             | keiferski wrote:
             | Yet somehow the rest of the developed world manages to
             | offer liberal arts degrees that don't cost $50,000 a year.
             | The trick is: don't spend millions on football stadiums,
             | don't hire hundreds of administrators, and don't offer
             | student loans that are impossible to default on.
             | 
             | It really isn't that complicated, especially for the single
             | wealthiest country in the history of human civilization.
        
               | CapmCrackaWaka wrote:
               | I work for a consulting company which helps these
               | struggling colleges. It's a difficult discussion to have.
               | When you tell them that they are spending way, way more
               | than they need to on administration, they usually 'ahem'
               | and 'guffaw', especially when the implication is that the
               | people in the room with you are part of the problem.
        
             | ClumsyPilot wrote:
             | "We've already tried making it less expensive. Students can
             | get low interest rate loans"
             | 
             | What? Giving out easy loans doesn't make something cheaper,
             | it makes something more expensive up to causing a bubble
             | that will crash the rest of economy, like we did with
             | housing in 2008.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
           | You have the wrong idea because of the headline prices of
           | elite schools. Yes, the prices are high.
           | 
           | On the other hand, no-one who is admitted to (say) Harvard is
           | going to be prevented from going by an inability to pay.
           | These top schools are rich enough to fund need-based
           | scholarships.
           | 
           | (source: wife is a professor at an Ivy League school)
        
             | michaelt wrote:
             | Nobody's "unable to pay" so long as there are government-
             | backed undischargable loans on offer.
        
         | austincheney wrote:
         | > or you get useful skills that enable you to go down a
         | particular career path (e.g. CS degree)
         | 
         | I so completely disagree. College/university is for education.
         | If you want skills go to a trade school and save a truck load
         | of money.
         | 
         | As an example lawyers and doctors don't gain skills in
         | law/medical school. They are required to slosh through forced
         | internships for that.
         | 
         | CompSci graduates can't tell the difference because the
         | software industry isn't mature. In all other professional
         | career paths there is some combination of licenses or
         | certifications. Many of those licenses require college as a
         | prerequisite. It takes substantially more to become a truck
         | driver than it does to be a software developer.
        
           | bilegeek wrote:
           | > If you want skills go to a trade school
           | 
           | Those really only exist for certain jobs, like plumbers,
           | carpenters, electricians and machinists. I'm not knocking any
           | of those positions - my parents and grandparents are/were
           | machinists - but if you want to be an engineer or scientist,
           | a college degree is required unless you want your resume to
           | go straight to the shredder, or you're taking advantage of
           | having friends and/or family in high positions (i.e.
           | nepotism).
           | 
           | The fact that useful skills are usually only acquired during
           | employment/internship is true. It doesn't change the fact
           | that most can't get employment in the first place without a
           | degree, and internships don't pay the bills.
           | 
           | In addition, since the civil war, colleges in the US have
           | generally been far more focused on utilitarian skills, rather
           | than the humanities. Sure, there were plenty of art colleges
           | still, but there were far more agricultural schools.
        
             | austincheney wrote:
             | > if you want to be an engineer or scientist
             | 
             | Get a graduate degree and then a professional license, such
             | as CISSP. Software developers are just skilled technicians
             | like carpenters and plumbers.
        
           | mywittyname wrote:
           | > It takes substantially more to become a truck driver than
           | it does to be a software developer.
           | 
           | More what? Licenses? License != skills.
           | 
           | A CDL isn't exactly difficult to get. Being healthy and
           | having the ability to see is probably the most difficult
           | aspect. The technical sections contain information that you
           | have to learn or be taught, but it's very high level and most
           | people can learn the material in about a hour or two of study
           | per section.
        
             | austincheney wrote:
             | > More what? Licenses? License != skills.
             | 
             | Right, but what are the minimum requirements to become a
             | software developer? A single 30 minute interview? There
             | aren't any administrative or legal requirements. There is
             | no minimum educational requirement.
        
         | NikolaNovak wrote:
         | >>I believe there are really two positive things that can come
         | out of going to college
         | 
         | While I agree with you and approached my university education
         | with a practical attitude, a lot of people will see
         | universities as providing "Experience": fun, entertainment,
         | open-mindedness, socializing, parties, networks, etc.
         | 
         | Whether _any_ of these practical or experiential goals are most
         | optimally met, in terms of time /life/money/effort expanded,
         | through modern University in 2021, is another worthwhile and
         | heated discussion entirely :)
        
         | ClumsyPilot wrote:
         | "from a lower or even mid-tier college is a worthwhile
         | investment "
         | 
         | I always found this idea amazing, we just accept that
         | univerities are not really there for education but instead a
         | giant sorting machine to separate plebs from
         | (rich/talented/dilligent/take your pick).
         | 
         | They don't work like a normal market, there best company grows
         | their production, and supplies millions with the best goods.
         | Oxford/Harvard take their miniscule intake of a fraction of a
         | percent every year, and opening door to unwashed masses would
         | destroy their brand.
         | 
         | Do the best universities have best teaching technique, or are
         | they best because they pick brightest students and they
         | contribute nothing special?
         | 
         | A healthy market of affordable education cannot be build on
         | this foundation of 16th century elitism, exclusion and zero-sum
         | principle.
        
           | abecode wrote:
           | I heard an interesting analogy that universities are more
           | like religions than businesses. If you factor out all the
           | beliefs/rituals in religion and knowledge/education in
           | universities, they are both human organizations that seek to
           | prolong/maximize their existence, rather than to grow or
           | maximize shareholder value like in companies.
        
           | alasdair_ wrote:
           | >They don't work like a normal market, there best company
           | grows theur production, and supplies millions with the best
           | goods. Oxford/Harvard take their miniscule intake of a
           | fraction of a percent every year, and opening door to
           | unwashed masses would destroy their brand.
           | 
           | This is exactly how high-end luxury good markets work.
        
             | dpoochieni wrote:
             | I agree, the unwashed masses do destroy most of everything.
             | Granted Harvard is not what it used to be, same as an MS is
             | not what it used to be, a Phd is not what it used to be. In
             | the past the quality was even higher, more akin to an
             | artisan workshop than whatever mass-anything you could
             | conceive of.
        
             | fossuser wrote:
             | Relatedly I read the top colleges try to get students they
             | know they'll never admit to apply, because the more that
             | apply, the more they can reject and the more selective they
             | become.
             | 
             | Selectivity is a status symbol, so you want as many as
             | possible to apply so you can reject as many as possible.
        
           | mcguire wrote:
           | " _Do the best universities have best teaching technique, or
           | are they best because they pick brightest students and they
           | contribute nothing special?_ "
           | 
           | They tend to attract the best teachers. And by "teachers" I
           | do mean the best researchers in the given field. Which in
           | turn attracts the brightest students.
        
             | aarongray wrote:
             | The best researchers are rarely the best teachers
        
               | selimthegrim wrote:
               | They won't be stumped by a question from a smart
               | undergrad. The best teachers might fail to make it a
               | teachable moment.
        
             | phabora wrote:
             | You can't use teacher as a synonym for researcher, they're
             | two completely different things.
        
           | tryonenow wrote:
           | >A healthy market of affordable education cannot be build on
           | this foundation of 16th century elitism, exclusion and zero-
           | sum principle.
           | 
           | Unless you recognize that human ability is not equally
           | distributed. In which case colleges need to be exclusionary
           | to maintain prestige. And that prestige is an important
           | signal in a universe where success is dependent on
           | competence.
           | 
           | Conversely, when prestige signals are eroded, there are
           | gradual, self-reinforcing downstream effects, wherein all of
           | our institutions - industry, media, government, academia -
           | are gradually populated with cohorts of reduced competence,
           | and society at large becomes less capable of recognizing
           | merit, particularly given that when once clear signals like
           | alma mater are no longer accurate, laypeople are more drawn
           | to the nonsensical belief that all humans are equally
           | capable.
           | 
           | And slowly the withering of these institutions, and
           | recognition of/appreciation for competence, lead to a
           | withering of society and, I think, this phenomenon is one of
           | the drivers behind the ongoing collapse of the American
           | Empire, for better or worse. The intent behind lowering
           | standards for entry is amiable but based on a faulty and
           | ultimately dangerous assumption.
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | >They don't work like a normal market, there best company
           | grows their production, and supplies millions with the best
           | goods.
           | 
           | If it was currently possible to take a group of 18 year olds,
           | and transform them into highly motivated, highly intelligent
           | people, I assume it would exist for sale.
           | 
           | Unfortunately, the construction of a person seems to be
           | highly complex, and is subject to genetics, home life and
           | parental wealth, childhood experiences, peer and other
           | influences, etc.
           | 
           | Until then, humans will continue to use shortcuts for
           | assessing the probability of one's future ability to
           | "succeed" (however one wants to define it), one of which is
           | attaining admittance at certain institutions.
        
           | jankyxenon wrote:
           | In many other countries, top academics and researchers are at
           | large public universities.
           | 
           | Maybe it would be money well-spent for the public-sector to
           | poach top academics from private intuitions.
           | 
           | It would lead to salary inflation, but might be the most cost
           | effective way to sap prestige and inject into good public
           | universities.
        
             | phabora wrote:
             | > In many other countries, top academics and researchers
             | are at large public universities.
             | 
             | But that's not even terribly relevant to the average
             | student. An undergraduate won't benefit from going down the
             | same hallways as the world's foremost expert on Nigerian
             | guinea pig digestive tracts. But for some reason having
             | studied at the _top_ university (in terms of research, not
             | teaching) matters a lot.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | It happens. University of Texas. At least parts of the
             | University of California system. UMass Amherst is a pretty
             | good school. At least main campuses of the upper tier of
             | state universities can provide good educations. What's
             | probably also true is that you can go to Ohio State and
             | either take advantage of it or cruise through partying and
             | taking X for jocks courses.
        
           | keiferski wrote:
           | The funny thing is how people constantly bemoan the state of
           | politics, yet consistently argue for evaluating degrees
           | entirely based on their financial outcome. As if an educated
           | citizenry will just appear from the ether.
           | 
           | The connection between the two seems pretty obvious to me.
        
             | labcomputer wrote:
             | 1. Before the post-WWII GI bill, which sent an enormous
             | surge of young men to college in the 1950's, the percentage
             | of Americans with a college degree was measured in single
             | digits (Bachelor degrees then were as common as Ph.D.s
             | today). And, yet, we still somehow managed to have a
             | functioning democracy[1].
             | 
             | 2. People evaluate degrees based on financial outcome
             | simply because there is no other way to justify spending a
             | quarter million dollars on a degree. That is an order of
             | magnitude more than it costs to deliver a high quality
             | education[2].
             | 
             | If college were _truly_ just about learning, you could
             | start cranking out college-educated citizens for $20k a
             | pop. At price it 's an easy decision to make. Instead,
             | colleges have become luxury resorts with a classroom as one
             | of the amenities. They compete on things like best food,
             | recreation and nightlife. It's not (necessarily) a problem
             | to bundle education with fun, but you have to justify the
             | expense to your customers. Colleges have chosen to
             | highlight the differences in earnings between those with
             | degrees and those without.
             | 
             | [1] Even worse: While I agree with premise that we should
             | strive for a better educated electorate, someone arguing
             | the opposite could easily point out that the increasing
             | political discord is correlated with the increasing
             | fraction of degree holders.
             | 
             | [2] The cost of the primary input has decreased: Faculty
             | salaries have been stagnant for 40 years--for a given
             | "level". But faculty salaries have actually decreased when
             | you account for "title deflation". Colleges increasingly
             | rely on "adjunct" faculty and delay the promotion from
             | assistant to full professor. It is now common for PhDs to
             | do two or even _three_ post-docs (which can include
             | teaching duties) before getting a first appointment. Thus,
             | a 40 year-old academic today has a lower title and costs
             | less to employ than a 30 year-old academic from the middle
             | of the 20th century.
        
               | fossuser wrote:
               | > "[1] Even worse: While I agree with premise that we
               | should strive for a better educated electorate, someone
               | arguing the opposite could easily point out that the
               | increasing political discord is correlated with the
               | increasing fraction of degree holders."
               | 
               | I read somewhere, but unfortunately can't remember where.
               | That disaffected highly educated people stir up a lot of
               | political trouble - so these things might be related in a
               | causal way (though I'm a little skeptical).
               | 
               | I also wonder how much university just has people
               | exchange one cultural belief system for another based on
               | who is around them rather than learning how to think
               | critically and independently.
               | 
               | My personal experience leads me to think that most people
               | will just start to believe what everyone around them
               | believes, I worry how much I'm affected by this too.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | "1950's, the percentage of Americans with a college
               | degree was measured in single digits (Bachelor degrees
               | then were as common as Ph.D.s today). And, yet, we still
               | somehow managed to have a functioning democracy"
               | 
               | You could argue the world in 1950s was totally different,
               | and today that education is necessary.
               | 
               | Alternatively you could take a view that the world was
               | comparable enough to draw conclusions. But then, 1878 was
               | 'equidistant' to 1950's, as 1950's is to today. That's
               | the year US had witch trials. Lynching was still
               | happening, and continued untill 1960's. Now I am willing
               | to bet that folks here do not want to descend into
               | barbarism, and that education has a huge role to play
               | here.
        
             | RealityVoid wrote:
             | That is a good observation, but one that I see very few
             | people make.
        
         | lhorie wrote:
         | > Those schools that are providing substantial negative value
         | to their students ought to go under
         | 
         | I don't think this is a good way to go about it because there
         | is still demand for schooling and if the market's answer to bad
         | quality is having schools go under, it just becomes a game of
         | whack-a-mole with new bad schools popping up to fill the gap in
         | supply.
         | 
         | I think a better alternative is having more schools have
         | tuition costs tied to graduate salary similar to how some
         | programming bootcamps take a cut of alumni's pay for X amount
         | of time. Then, at least, there's an incentive for the school to
         | teach something that actually translates to a usable skillset
         | in the real world.
         | 
         | Trades should also be treated as first class citizens. They are
         | good fits for people looking for shorter college diplomas, but
         | they are often stigmatized even though careers like plumbing
         | can pay reasonably well.
        
           | 908B64B197 wrote:
           | There's always the option of doing a little bit of basic
           | research before spending a significant amount.
        
         | fspeech wrote:
         | So long as the top tier universities are not expanding
         | enrollments I fail to see what real change would come from more
         | applications. Maybe they will get a bit more diverse. The lower
         | tier schools will get their enrollment so long as the total
         | demand is still there.
        
         | pisteoff wrote:
         | > people are learning how to value educational degrees based on
         | what they'll actually yield financially and making decisions
         | accordingly.
         | 
         | So why bother learning about the basis of human thought and
         | culture when instead we should be learning about how to make
         | the next iPhone app that won't matter in 6 months. Anything to
         | maximize those profits, right? People be damned, it's the
         | bottom line that matters! Got it.
         | 
         | Only around 25% of people have jobs related to their degree.
         | I'd rather be able read closely, think clearly and critically,
         | and synthesize information then learn about algorithms and data
         | structures. STEM degrees do not give you those skills to the
         | same degree.
         | 
         | I can learn CS crap without a degree program. Tech stuff is
         | easy, people are hard. A world full of STEM majors sounds
         | boring as fuck.
        
         | Camillo wrote:
         | But many of the PhDs minted at first-tier colleges have no
         | career prospects but to teach at second-tier ones, and so
         | forth. You need lots of students down the chain to keep them
         | employed; it's basically a Ponzi scheme.
         | 
         | So you've got problems on two sides: lots of people getting
         | into debt for no reason on one end, and lots of disaffected
         | pseudo-elites on the other. A recipe for destabilization.
        
         | drak0n1c wrote:
         | The market is heavily subsidized, to the tune of the annual
         | $120+ billion in Federally guaranteed grants and loans that the
         | DOE boasts of being provided every year in its public letters.
         | The loaning of such large sums to teenagers who don't yet
         | understand basic financial cost/benefit analysis severely
         | distorts the market.
         | 
         | When evaluating which university to attend, they are choosing
         | to spend an extra $20k+ a year on the school with more
         | luxurious facilities, better departmental marketing, bigger
         | party environment, or slightly higher brand recognition. It's
         | easy to make that decision when you haven't earned that kind of
         | money yet. High-end schools interpret this as a sign of fair
         | sustainable market valuation, and increase their spending on
         | administrators and facilities even more. Other schools follow,
         | desperate to compete. Sky-high tuitions are the result of
         | decades of compounding inflation by subsidy.
         | 
         | https://www2.ed.gov/about/reports/annual/2019report/fsa-repo...
        
       | neonate wrote:
       | https://archive.is/kMl8f
        
       | swiley wrote:
       | Maybe if they charged reasonable prices they'd have more
       | applicants. The university I went to let you go for free if you
       | kept a 4.0 GPA and had high SAT scores.
        
         | showerst wrote:
         | Then you've created an extreme incentive for grade inflation,
         | since professors know an A- could lead to a promising student
         | getting kicked out over finances.
        
           | jseliger wrote:
           | Incentives for grade inflation are already pretty extreme:
           | https://jakeseliger.com/2015/01/13/what-incentivizes-
           | profess...
        
         | MeinBlutIstBlau wrote:
         | I hate GPA incentives because a lot of classes are subject to
         | interpretation over whether you comprehend the material.
         | Physics and math you can't lie. Programming has enumerable
         | variations to a correct answer. General education classes are
         | 100% up to how the instructor feels about your assignment that
         | day.
        
       | mrtweetyhack wrote:
       | Hmm, I wonder why nobody wants to go to a shit college.
        
       | seibelj wrote:
       | > _Even before the pandemic, Dr. Baldridge said, "the rich were
       | getting richer and the poor were getting more and more
       | challenged, in terms of institutions."_
       | 
       | Framing this as "rich" vs. "poor" is ridiculous. These "poor"
       | institutions were charging 6 figure sums for a piece of paper.
       | There is nothing beneficial to society by having a lot of
       | unwanted institutions who charge insane amounts that no one wants
       | to go to voluntarily anymore. High Ed needed a shakeout and I'm
       | happy it's finally happening.
        
       | musicale wrote:
       | Given the incredible scarcity of academic jobs and huge surplus
       | of Ph.D. graduates, I'd be surprised if even relatively unknown
       | schools in the middle of nowhere couldn't attract hundreds of
       | highly qualified applicants.
       | 
       | Landing a faculty job at any university - public or private - is
       | an extraordinary achievement.
        
       | DC1350 wrote:
       | A huge generational change is that young people can just google
       | "best X" for every life decision instead of caring about what
       | they're exposed to organically. What job to do, city to live in,
       | how to dress, etc. They can also find a community and detailed
       | guides for achieving pretty much anything they want, so the
       | special in-group knowledge isn't a barrier anymore. Anyone
       | familiar with the whole tech interview prep culture should be
       | able to understand that similar cultures exist for everything
       | from academia to online dating. The downside is that the upper
       | tier of everything is a lot more competitive so it's harder to
       | win without gaming the system.
        
         | MattGaiser wrote:
         | > it's harder to win without gaming the system.
         | 
         | I would argue that the people who succeed at that are pretty
         | bright anyway, but are just applying their skill in an
         | undesired way.
        
         | logicslave wrote:
         | 100% great comment. This even extends to consumer products
        
         | ip26 wrote:
         | This comment has a critical undertone but I think it's pretty
         | much right. Thinking back, when I was 17 and applying for
         | college, deciding what schools you should apply to was a really
         | murky process. Most people pretty much depended on reputation &
         | word-of-mouth, and nobody even talked about schools outside the
         | state. On top of that, a 17 year old has had little time to
         | accrue knowledge of various schools. Whereas today you can find
         | an endless trove of information from your bedroom to feed your
         | decision.
        
           | jaykru wrote:
           | the information available and advertised to most 17-year-olds
           | (back when I was browsing: US News, College Confidential)
           | isn't much of an improvement. In my case the former relies on
           | a bunch of bunk data and weird metrics for evaluation, while
           | the latter mostly revolved around very coarse word-of-mouth
           | reputation.
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | What is an improvement is information about income and job
             | placement from various institutions and degrees.
             | 
             | It's almost trivial to chart one's income possibilities
             | based on where you graduate from and what degree you get.
             | The knowledge about how to get into a tech job, or a high
             | finance job, or get into medical school, or get hired by a
             | top legal firm is available to everyone whereas it was
             | limited before to those who knew people who knew these
             | things.
             | 
             | We know what cities and suburbs of those cities will lead
             | to maximal probabilities of "success", we know which
             | schools have the highest achieving kids (or the ones with
             | the richest parents), etc. It saves a lot of time to be
             | able to filter real estate listings by greatschools.org
             | metrics before.
        
             | grepthisab wrote:
             | I have a hard time believing this. Information was murky
             | and information asymmetry was a big reason lots of people
             | seemed to just apply to a flagship state u rather than look
             | at more far flung or prestigious options, though the state
             | u is prestigious in it's own right. There's certainly more
             | noise now, but there's also a lot more signal (maybe the
             | ratio is the same though). I suspect there's really
             | fantastic info out there that's way more than I had
             | applying to colleges way back when in 2010.
             | 
             | I'd be interested in doing an experiment to act like I'm in
             | high school and want all the info on college applications
             | and to see where I end up.
        
         | fossuser wrote:
         | This is a really big deal for things like personal finance or
         | financial independence that required knowledgeable networks to
         | understand important early decisions and the right thing to do.
         | 
         | Now I can read about this stuff on reddit and learn the basics
         | of how everything works.
         | 
         | A bright kid with an internet connection can leverage that even
         | if they're in a social network or community that doesn't
         | understand any of these things.
         | 
         | The remaining problem is unknown unknowns. If you don't know
         | what exists, it can be hard to know what to ask. You can't
         | search 'Best X' when you don't know what X is. If you're online
         | though, you may be able to see someone mention it and go from
         | there.
        
       | gnicholas wrote:
       | This isn't terribly surprising given the degree of
       | substitutability between very inexpensive community colleges (or
       | state schools like CSUs here in California) and mid/lower-tier
       | privates.
       | 
       | Pre-pandemic, going to college away from home offered a fun
       | environment with many amenities. During the pandemic, these fun
       | aspects are greatly limited (and parents might not let kids go
       | anyway, due to health risks). When you take away so much of the
       | fun stuff that goes along with college, it doesn't make as much
       | sense to pay $50k/yr in tuition when the experience isn't that
       | much different than your local state school (which costs $10k).
       | 
       | Top colleges, on the other hand, still offer differentiation in
       | terms of degree prestige. Add onto that the promise of not taking
       | standardized tests into account (as the article notes Cornell and
       | other schools are doing this), and it's not surprising that
       | applications are up.
        
         | musicale wrote:
         | Community colleges are the best deal in education (though they
         | usually don't offer four-year degrees.)
         | 
         | And given the academic job market, basically any state
         | university should be able to pick and choose among hundreds of
         | highly qualified faculty candidates.
        
       | akeck wrote:
       | Meanwhile, total enrollment (US) has been falling steadily since
       | at least 2012: https://www.npr.org/2020/12/17/925831720/losing-a-
       | generation...
        
       | barrenko wrote:
       | Wherever you get more value out of the final certificate than the
       | education involved, you are participating in systemic fraud and a
       | bubble that will eventually pop.
        
       | peter303 wrote:
       | The article doesn't mention the demographic bomb in the US. 2019
       | births were 3.7 million. boomers were 4 million a year; would
       | need to be 7 million to be proportional to the population then.
       | 2020 and 2021m births are projected to be as low as 3 million due
       | to pandemic nears.
       | 
       | In addition to low births, student immigration has been severely
       | restricted in recent years by federal policy.
       | 
       | With both factors, the applicant pool is smaller.
        
         | 2sk21 wrote:
         | This is absolute correct. Many state universities added
         | campuses very actively back in the 1950s and 60s to accommodate
         | the boomers who all wanted college degrees.
        
       | BitwiseFool wrote:
       | I sense that the fundamental purpose for going to College has
       | changed from "getting an education" to "building your brand" as
       | an individual. I don't work in Human Resources, but as a software
       | developer I do spend a lot of time around my company's recruiters
       | and I'm involved in the hiring process. A candidate's alma mater
       | has an outsized impact on the likelihood they will advance to the
       | next step of the hiring process.
       | 
       | Most people people don't realize just how much name recognition
       | matters when sifting through resumes. We get hundreds of
       | applications and it's a fact that candidates from well known
       | schools are selected to advance more often than candidates from
       | obscure schools. School prestige and name recognition acts as a
       | proxy assessment of the candidate. HR just doesn't look into how
       | good the Computer Science program is at "Keene State College".
       | But they do know that if someone went to Princeston or Stanford
       | they must be pretty smart. To be clear, a degree from an obscure
       | university does not disqualify someone, but it does put them at a
       | disadvantage when the applicant pool is large.
        
         | andrewmcwatters wrote:
         | Yeah, that's not how it works for a majority of jobs in
         | America. I'm 100% sure that's true for top companies in world
         | cities, but it just isn't true even in most of the top 100
         | cities in the US. And believe it or not, there really are top
         | companies that look at actual accomplishments and skillsets and
         | not your CV. Incredulous, I know.
         | 
         | You'd be very mistaken if you think there aren't managers out
         | there with the power to do their own hiring. It's not hard.
         | 
         | Most companies are lucky if they can even find someone ranging
         | from competent to excellent for a given role. It's hard enough
         | to do that. And if you land on an excellent candidate, most
         | don't know how to retain them, because it's not economically
         | feasible to do so. They leave, because they're consistently
         | looking to maximize their earnings, or they're smart enough to
         | start their own business.
        
         | ryandrake wrote:
         | > Most people people don't realize just how much name
         | recognition matters when sifting through resumes.
         | 
         | I think most people do realize it, which is why we're seeing
         | what's being written about in the article. People realize if
         | you merely want to be educated, you can do that for cheap or
         | free anywhere, but nobody in HR screening resumes cares if
         | you're educated. They care that you have name-brand pedigree. I
         | remember fighting for a candidate who I thought was super smart
         | and could get things done, but he was from a mid-tier State
         | school and not from Stanford and that was the end of it. It's
         | very classist and ugly. If I graduated today from the school I
         | graduated from in the mid-90s, I wouldn't have a job either.
         | 
         | As we all know, this is not just happening in education: All of
         | society is bifurcating into a few winners, and a lot of losers,
         | and a shrinking number in the middle. Everything is has become
         | a slug-fest where the many compete with each other in a high-
         | stakes game for the few viable good opportunities, leaving the
         | rest in ruin.
        
           | 908B64B197 wrote:
           | > I remember fighting for a candidate who I thought was super
           | smart and could get things done, but he was from a mid-tier
           | State school and not from Stanford and that was the end of
           | it.
           | 
           | If HR has anything to do with how engineers are selected
           | there's something wrong with the company.
           | 
           | They are there to schedule interviews and take care of the
           | paperwork.
        
             | lokar wrote:
             | Recruiters (part of HR) select the subset of resumes that
             | an engineer (IC or manager) will then pick from to have an
             | actual (phone) interview.
             | 
             | It really sort of has to work that way. The volume and
             | variance in quality is just overwhelming. There is no way
             | someone technical could look at every resume.
        
           | RGamma wrote:
           | The longer I watch this unfold the more become convinced that
           | the US is a giant social experiment to see what happens when
           | you apply profit-maximization to literally everything.
           | 
           | Minimize cost, maximize revenue, the difference goes to the
           | pimps: a race with no ending and an evergrowing number of
           | losers.
           | 
           | Wonder when this'll fall apart (if ever). I guess it's a good
           | thing the majority of people worldwide are not exposed to
           | this and therefore potentially get the benefit to observe and
           | learn from it. Take care.
        
             | ryandrake wrote:
             | > Minimize cost, maximize revenue, the difference goes to
             | the pimps: a race with no ending and an evergrowing number
             | of losers.
             | 
             | You forgot the key: Split the "losers" roughly 50-50 along
             | some carefully crafted political/ideological lines, and
             | have them fight each other rather than unite and fight the
             | pimps.
        
           | Kinrany wrote:
           | Sims + Battle Royale, this is great
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | Well, of course. Going to college during the epidemic is not cost
       | effective. Many colleges are trying to charge full on-campus
       | prices while delivering "distance learning". Better to wait a
       | year and get the full experience.
        
         | MeinBlutIstBlau wrote:
         | I prefer distanced learning. It's probably my school but the
         | majority of the comp sci students are slackers and drag the
         | people who do this stuff down. As shown by the fact that it's
         | harder for these lazy students to mooch of the actual hard
         | working ones. Really hard to pretend being someone's friend
         | with an email versus sitting next to the smart kid.
        
           | 908B64B197 wrote:
           | Which school?
           | 
           | Honestly, it sounds like you should transfer to an
           | institution that's a better fit for you.
        
       | twoslide wrote:
       | This probably just reflects greater uncertainty in the
       | application process due to lack of standardized test scores. In
       | other years, have a better sense of where they stand and can
       | strategize appropriately (i.e. a few aspirational applications
       | and a few safety schools). This year things are much less clear.
       | It may not be a long term trend, or may not accelerate a long
       | term trend.
        
       | kbos87 wrote:
       | As someone who never did well with standardized tests, it's
       | frustrating to see evidence like this of how heavily they are
       | still weighed in the college admissions process, even though it
       | isn't surprising.
       | 
       | If I were applying to universities today and had otherwise good
       | credentials but difficulties performing on standardized tests
       | like the SATs, I wouldn't feel an ounce of remorse for trying to
       | cheat in a rigged system.
        
         | albntomat0 wrote:
         | What are your thoughts on standardized tests as the most
         | standard (not sure what a better word is here) comparison
         | between applicants?
         | 
         | I recognize that a lot has been written about the SAT/etc being
         | biased, but high school grades and "experiences" are worse (how
         | does one compare what a "B" in Calculus or club president
         | actually means, in all high schools across the US??).
        
           | kbos87 wrote:
           | I agree with you that comparing applicants objectively is a
           | tough nut to crack. I don't know the right answer but I would
           | imagine looking at as diverse a set of inputs as possible is
           | a good starting point; I could also see universities coming
           | up with some means of weighing inputs differently to not let
           | any one input (like standardized test scores) be an arbitrary
           | disqualifier. But until that's the case, I don't think
           | individuals should feel guilt for not letting a flawed system
           | run them over, even if that means needing to "cheat".
        
       | Taylor_OD wrote:
       | There are a lot of people in this thread talking about how
       | important a big name college is. As a counterpoint... If you are
       | not trying to work for a FANG company within your first ~3 years
       | of graduating I don't think a big name college with a great CS
       | program matters at all.
       | 
       | A Carnegie Mellon degree may help you get more interviews and
       | therefore land your first job if you are struggling otherwise but
       | its likely the person with the Kent State CS degree and the
       | Illinois Urbana Champaign CE degree are not applying for the same
       | jobs right out of school.
       | 
       | After the first few years education becomes less important and
       | actual skills become far more important. Again this is more true
       | at non FANG/SV/Start up type companies. Which is where most
       | engineers will work for the majority of their career.
        
       | lumost wrote:
       | Colleges should have more price stratification than they do. At
       | present the price difference between MIT and Umass Amherst out of
       | state is only 41%. Both will leave a student heavily in debt to
       | the tune of 150-300k, the difference likely doesn't materially
       | matter to the student as they are looking at is as a ticket to a
       | better life.
        
         | leetcrew wrote:
         | > Both will leave a student heavily in debt to the tune of
         | 150-300k
         | 
         | unless you have a very weird financial situation, no US student
         | is going into anything like that much debt to go to either of
         | those two schools. it looks like you got those numbers by just
         | taking the tuition and multiplying it by four. both schools
         | offer substantial aid packages for eligible families. the
         | average yearly tuition contribution for MIT is something like
         | $17k, not far off from in-state tuition at most public
         | universities.
        
           | colinmhayes wrote:
           | Plenty of middle class families making low to mid 100k but
           | not contributing to their children's tuition bill because
           | they live in HCOL area. But yes, low income students don't
           | pay.
        
             | borski wrote:
             | "Plenty," sure. But not a majority or anything. The median
             | family income in the US is something like 68kb
        
               | colinmhayes wrote:
               | What about the median income of people who attended
               | college?
        
               | borski wrote:
               | "For 25- to 34-year-olds who worked full time, year round
               | in 2018, higher educational attainment was associated
               | with higher median earnings. This pattern was consistent
               | from 2000 through 2018. For example, in 2018 the median
               | earnings of those with a master's or higher degree
               | ($65,000) were 19 percent higher than the earnings of
               | those with a bachelor's degree ($54,700), and the median
               | earnings of those with a bachelor's degree were 57
               | percent higher than the earnings of high school
               | completers ($34,900)."[1]
               | 
               | None of those median salaries put you in the 'wealthy'
               | category.
               | 
               | [1] https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/pdf/coe_cba.pdf
        
               | colinmhayes wrote:
               | Close, but still not the data we need. What schools are
               | looking at it family income of the students which means
               | the 25-34 range isn't going to cut it. No need to do
               | further research as I agree with your premise, but I
               | think the number of students who receive minimal aid and
               | family help might be higher than you expect.
        
               | ApolloFortyNine wrote:
               | Not too big a fan of screwing over children for their
               | parents making too much money personally.
               | 
               | There's no obligation for parents to pay for their kids
               | education, yet the way the system is set up, you'd think
               | there was.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > There's no obligation for parents to pay for their kids
               | education
               | 
               | There's no (as yet generally accepted) obligation for
               | anyone else to pay for young adults higher education.
               | Society has generally chosen to subsidize some costs for
               | young people who seek such subsidy using formulas which
               | assume that parents of means will also do so, but this
               | does not reflect an obligation of parents to do so.
        
             | leetcrew wrote:
             | $100k is not enough to totally phase out financial aid from
             | top schools, but sure, there are some families that could
             | afford to pay but refuse to. still, no one is writing $40k+
             | loans each year for students with no cosigner. if you have
             | rich parents who won't pay and the school considers you a
             | dependent, you're pretty much SOL.
        
               | borski wrote:
               | Yeah, the last part sucks. It's not completely
               | impossible, but it is certainly not easy if your parents
               | will not help: https://www.quora.com/My-family-is-upper-
               | middle-class-160-00...
        
               | lumost wrote:
               | > no one is writing $40k+ loans each year for students
               | with no cosigner.
               | 
               | This is in fact exactly what's happening. It's impossible
               | to bankrupt out of student loans, so in theory it's a no
               | risk loan from the loan providers perspective.
               | 
               | Schools almost never totally phase out financial help,
               | but they do reduce it to negligible portions e.g. $500
               | work study on a 50k bill. This helps keep their financial
               | aid stats healthy while still getting paid.
               | 
               | This type of affect will only show up when viewing the
               | percentiles of debt students are taking on. Adding a
               | bunch of folks who only take on $1k in debt is a great
               | way to draw down the average.
        
           | akhilcacharya wrote:
           | I don't think anybody thinks going is expensive, the
           | expensive part is getting in, something fundamentally out of
           | reach by design for 99.9% of the population and 95% of the
           | applicant pool.
           | 
           | Something is really rotten with this country if the only
           | tools to get ahead are a 5% shot at a "better life" (though
           | people seem far too politically correct to provide a counter
           | factual outcome if you don't get into an elite institution).
        
           | lumost wrote:
           | I left Umass Amherst with ~75k in debt in 2010. At the time
           | the list price was 30k.
           | 
           | If your family exceeds the cutoffs for financial aid, but for
           | various reasons cannot provide for college expenses - you are
           | going to go into a lot of debt. One of my friends from the
           | time managed to take 120k for an english major that left them
           | with a $12/hr job at graduation.
        
             | cbm-vic-20 wrote:
             | How does that happen? I come from a time where my private
             | university tuition (before grants, financial aid, etc) was
             | around $25k/yr, and I understand things are different
             | today.
             | 
             | I don't know all the ins-and-outs of today's student loan
             | options, but say that 120k is taken at 5% spread across
             | 20(!) years, the monthly payment on that kind of loan is
             | around $800/mo. Did this person not have a clear idea of
             | what recent college grads with English degrees make? I
             | mean, it seems like a serious misjudgment to bury
             | themselves in that much debt without a _very clear_ path
             | out of it.
             | 
             | I'm not suggesting the "learn to code" or "only STEM
             | degrees matter" trope, but if you really want to become a
             | writer, or a teacher, or anything else where an English
             | degree is required, you can get that at a much more
             | affordable price: I know someone from a "poor" family who
             | did exactly that, but went to UMass Dartmouth and now has a
             | successful, average middle-class life as an editor. They
             | did not need to go to six-figure debt because they knew
             | they would have a really hard time paying that off...
        
               | lumost wrote:
               | There's a big sunk cost falacy at play. English is one of
               | the most common majors at Umass, and the university isn't
               | exactly forthcoming about the job prospects for this
               | major. This person was the first to go to college in
               | their family - but their parents had become modestly
               | successfuly in the trades meaning they made ~100k
               | combined in the Boston area. 100k is enough to push you
               | out of substantial financial aid, but is not enough for
               | your parents to afford a significant portion of your
               | college costs in a high CoL area. A 3 bedroom and 2 kids
               | gets expensive.
               | 
               | If you realize 2 years in that you're down ~60k, and a 5
               | year program will cost an extra 40k then you aren't going
               | to change majors.
               | 
               | Umass Amherst is only ~25% more expensive than Umass
               | Dartmouth on paper ( or at least was when I was attending
               | ).
               | 
               | For myself, I got a physics degree and flipped into
               | software engineering - I went bust in my first 2 years
               | out of school but I was able to put things together and
               | paid off my debt comfortably. The debt did ensure I
               | stopped pursuing grad school for physics as the math
               | became impossible to justify.
        
               | skynet-9000 wrote:
               | > The debt did ensure I stopped pursuing grad school for
               | physics as _the math_ became impossible to justify.
               | 
               | I appreciate that this comment can be read two different
               | ways.
        
         | thehappypm wrote:
         | UMass Amherst is a great school, and state schools kind of see
         | out-of-staters as cash cows. What's worse is third-tier private
         | schools charging MORE than MIT.
        
         | akhilcacharya wrote:
         | How much worse off is someone going to UMass by your
         | calculation?
        
           | lumost wrote:
           | Umass opens doors, MIT opens more - in 2010 when I graduated,
           | my friends who went to MIT and did _ok_ landed at 90k /yr in
           | comp-sci fields, my friends from Umass who did _ok_ made
           | 40-70k in comp-sci fields.
           | 
           | Given that everyone was living in Boston post-graduation and
           | the base CoL is somewhere between 40 and 50k per year. The
           | MIT folks had somewhere between 2 and 20x the disposable
           | income at graduation. Meaning their debt burden was _much_
           | lower.
        
             | akhilcacharya wrote:
             | Maybe I should be more clear - I didn't go to a Tier1
             | public school, didn't get into an elite school, how screwed
             | am I?
        
               | lumost wrote:
               | I specifically mentioned doing 'ok' as a frame of
               | reference. Those who do 'well' in a comp sci program tend
               | to cluster in the top companies straight from college and
               | the top companies only negotiate ~20k on a 150-250k entry
               | level offer.
               | 
               | I did ok in college and very well in the private sector.
               | I started as a sysadmin for a small finance company and
               | am now a senior software engineer at Amazon Alexa working
               | on ML for search. Hard work always pays off as long as
               | your in the right field ( comp-sci is a great field ).
        
               | polka_haunts_us wrote:
               | Let's put it this way. I couldn't find a job out of
               | college, despite having a CS degree. I ended up settling
               | for a very shit job that pays 21 hourly, 40 hours a week.
               | Because the dev team is very small, I ended up with my
               | hands in literally every piece of the programming pie. I
               | put all that info on my resume and took even more lessons
               | from this crap job to interviews in the past couple of
               | weeks, and I just signed an offer from a lucrative tech
               | company for about $140k annually, over a 200% raise.
               | 
               | Once you've done something in the industry, almost no one
               | is going to give a hoot about what school you went to,
               | they're going to care about what you've done in the
               | industry, but at the start at least, you may have to
               | settle for something a little shittier.
        
             | throwaway0a5e wrote:
             | A huge fraction of the college educated people in MA have
             | been to Umass. It's not an exclusive club.
             | 
             | Umnass opens doors in MA the way smoking pot makes it
             | easier to make friends in college. You instantly have some
             | token thing in common with a sizeable minority of the
             | people around you and that gets you a head start on
             | developing relationships.
        
           | jawzz wrote:
           | Not the OP, but as I'd say that subjectively speaking, you're
           | better off going to MIT, but only if you have the passion and
           | drive to succeed at a place like that (which you probably do
           | if you got into MIT).
           | 
           | But for Boston College, Boston University, or Northeastern?
           | You're probably going to end up paying more than MIT and get
           | an education that's indistinguishable from UMass, quite
           | possibly worse in some respects.
           | 
           | What people have been saying in this thread is not incorrect
           | (though should be nuanced): the ivy leagues are worth it for
           | the caliber of the student body and reputation; otherwise, go
           | to a (Tier 1) public school.
           | 
           | Unless, of course, you don't want to and can easily afford
           | otherwise.
        
             | akhilcacharya wrote:
             | Maybe I should be more clear - I didn't go to a Tier1
             | public school, didn't get into an elite school, how screwed
             | am I?
        
               | borski wrote:
               | You're fine. There are a ton of reasons MIT and UMass
               | Amherst would help, but they are not for everybody, and I
               | saw plenty of folks struggle at MIT and gain nothing out
               | of it (even not graduating).
               | 
               | What matters a lot more than the name of the institution
               | on your degree is experience; getting that experience may
               | be a bit tougher at a small school (you don't have FAANGs
               | or huge biotech firms recruiting there), but it is
               | certainly not impossible.
               | 
               | Three of the last four engineers I hired had no formal CS
               | degree (but they had gone to bootcamps).
        
             | thehappypm wrote:
             | BC, BU, and Northeastern are all excellent schools. Boston
             | is a weird place.. any of those three schools would be a
             | top tier private school in just about any other city in the
             | country, but in Boston they're seen as second tier just
             | because of the ludicrously good schools in Massachusetts.
             | They're all in the top 50 according to US News.
        
             | bsder wrote:
             | > Northeastern
             | 
             | Isn't Northeastern still a big cooperative education
             | school?
             | 
             | I assure you that those of us in engineering know the
             | difference between a student with work experience and one
             | with only academic experience.
        
         | pkaye wrote:
         | The average student loan debt is around $33k. Median debt is
         | around $17k.
         | 
         | https://www.valuepenguin.com/average-student-loan-debt
        
         | sct202 wrote:
         | The top colleges have very complicated pricing schemes and are
         | basically free to middle and lower income students, for example
         | a student to MIT only pays if their family earns more than $90k
         | a year which is above the median household income of $68k.
        
           | a-posteriori wrote:
           | When I was there, less than 8% of the students were paying
           | full tuition (of which a good chunk were international
           | students).
           | 
           | At a certain point, the colleges start to look like perfectly
           | price discriminating monopolists: rather than charging the
           | highest price to each customer, they set a maximum price
           | ceiling and then subsidize the gap to the customer's marginal
           | ability to pay.
        
             | fossuser wrote:
             | The price is so high that even if you're not paying full
             | price, it's often still extremely expensive.
        
             | borski wrote:
             | iirc, it was even lower when I went. And this is probably
             | the most common mistake I see made about MIT, etc.; the
             | lack of acknowledgment that the financial aid within top
             | schools runs _deep_ , which simply isn't as true for
             | smaller or less popular schools.
             | 
             | Going to a "top tier" school can, depending on your
             | financial situation, actually cost you roughly what a state
             | school would. You can argue there are too many hoops to
             | jump through, or anything else, but that's a different
             | argument.
        
               | throwaway0a5e wrote:
               | > the lack of acknowledgment that the financial aid
               | within top schools runs deep,
               | 
               | I think you're confusing depth and breadth. It's like the
               | Harbor Freight coupon. Everyone gets 20% off with a few
               | exclusions. But the people paying less than 80% (to
               | continue the Harbor Freight metaphor) are few and far
               | between.
        
               | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
               | No; that's completely wrong. For example, the _median_
               | value of scholarships for Yale 's class of 2023 with
               | family incomes under $65,000 was $76,925.
               | 
               | https://admissions.yale.edu/affordability-details
        
               | borski wrote:
               | No, I understand precisely what you're trying to say.
               | Based on my (admittedly anecdotal) experience applying to
               | colleges and working (however briefly) in Financial Aid
               | at MIT, it was not a 20% blanket by any stretch; each
               | case was treated individually and there was an explicit
               | focus on ensuring students were not saddled with insane
               | amounts of debt.
               | 
               | There were exceptions, particularly for wealthy folks and
               | people who were 'on the line' income-wise, but the
               | majority got significant financial aid.
               | 
               | Just to give you an idea, from MIT's stats[1]:
               | 
               | * Average need-based MIT scholarship: $47,593
               | 
               | * Students awarded a need-based MIT scholarship: 59%
               | 
               | * Students attending tuition-free: 31%
               | 
               | * Class of 2019 graduates with no student loan debt: 76%
               | 
               | * Average student loan debt for those who borrowed:
               | $23,226
               | 
               | The trope that the expensive schools are the cause of the
               | massive student loan debt problem is just that; a trope.
               | When only 24% of the class graduates with _any debt at
               | all_ , I'm not convinced MIT (and similar) are the
               | problem. This is largely due to MIT and similar schools
               | having massive endowments from which they can draw for
               | Financial Aid; there are cheaper schools, certainly, but
               | they have coffers that are less deep (referring to
               | private schools), meaning students end up having to take
               | more debt.
               | 
               | [1] https://web.mit.edu/facts/tuition.html
        
               | grepthisab wrote:
               | You kind of buried the lede in your last paragraph:
               | 
               | This is largely due to MIT and similar schools having
               | massive endowments from which they can draw for Financial
               | Aid; there are cheaper schools, certainly, but they have
               | coffers that are less deep (referring to private
               | schools), meaning students end up having to take more
               | debt.
               | 
               | It is reality that expensive schools cause the massive
               | student loan debt problem, but expensiveness isn't
               | totally buried in sticker price but total cost of
               | attendance. Schools like HYSM don't saddle attendees with
               | as much debt despite their high sticker price perhaps
               | because of endowments.
        
           | andrewmcwatters wrote:
           | I always think about how absurd these pricing models are. Ah
           | yes, if you're living lavishly at $90k per annum you, too,
           | earn the privilege of paying for your education.
           | 
           | I suppose at some point someone has to pay. But you're not
           | rich at $90k. And I just don't see many of those households
           | earning between $90-250k a year wanting to pay for such a
           | privilege.
           | 
           | From my perspective, you've got to be either very rich, or
           | very poor going into those schools, because there's no
           | reasonable room for those in-between unless you're taking out
           | significant life-changing debt to do so.
           | 
           | And after it's all said and done, you're overwhelmingly
           | statistically unlikely to be making so much that the debt
           | didn't even matter.
        
             | albntomat0 wrote:
             | As I understand it, financial aid isn't all or nothing.
        
           | throwaway0a5e wrote:
           | You need to look at this from the perspective of someone who
           | has little to no familial safety net and cannot rely on
           | family resources to help them out when things get tough.
           | 
           | Boston area schools being "basically free on paper" to middle
           | income families is a reflection of the fact that a student
           | from a ~100k income family has better options for getting
           | ahead in the world than attending these institutions at any
           | cost but these institutions would lose legitimacy without
           | "economic diversity" tokens so they have to reduce the price.
           | Going to Harvard (or similar) if you're not from the kind of
           | people who go to Harvard is a high risk, high reward gamble
           | with years of your life. These schools have to reduce the
           | potential downside in order to get the quality of candidates
           | they want to get from the demographics they want to get them
           | from (i.e. they want to be able to pick the very best people
           | from the "can't afford to attend" demographic). Also it's
           | good PR.
           | 
           | If you're the son of a plumber and your options are going to
           | MIT for CS, or UMaine's "we match your local in-state
           | tuition" deal paired with their crappy CS program the Maine
           | one actually looks attractive because you're going to be
           | surrounded by people a heck of a lot more like you (on a life
           | experiences level), you're not gonna be bottom of your class
           | and you won't be running the Boston rat race when it comes to
           | housing, a part time job, commuting, and all the other "life"
           | stuff". If you're the kind of high-achieving individual who
           | goes to Harvard from a middle class background you're all but
           | guaranteed to live more comfortably than your parents and
           | retire comfortably regardless of the choice you make. Rolling
           | a degree from a lesser state school into a stable job at
           | BigCo isn't something you're worried about. The networking
           | value add from Harvard or MIT isn't as much of a value add
           | because you have no frame of reference for it and won't be
           | making the kinds of life choices where it can be most helpful
           | anyway (remember, no safety net, you're gonna be the one that
           | builds it). So if you're gonna "win" no matter what you
           | choose why add the additional risk of Harvard, MIT or some
           | other program you could wash out of?
        
       | stolenmerch wrote:
       | Relevant: https://www.profgalloway.com/uss-university
       | 
       | Scott Galloway made a prediction last summer of what colleges and
       | universities will thrive, survive, struggle, or face challenges
       | given the current situation. Basically, the higher ed market will
       | consolidate around more elite schools.
        
         | fossuser wrote:
         | I wouldn't give Galloway's predictions much thought - he's
         | wrong almost all the time.
         | 
         | https://twitter.com/profgalloway/status/1180197139101696013
         | 
         | If he had to make bets on his predictions he'd be bankrupt.
        
       | endisneigh wrote:
       | per usual I believe the issue here is that the government has
       | been subsidizing schools which have created strange distortions.
       | if Harvard were strictly private and received no government
       | subsidies, funding or advantage a few things would happen:
       | 
       | 1) poor people probably wouldn't be able to attend
       | 
       | 2) it would be substantially more expensive
       | 
       | 3) the acceptance rate would be much higher
       | 
       | ideally this would result in schools like UMass Amherst (which
       | ironically is the best public university in Massachusetts - weird
       | considering other states have better state flagships, but that's
       | another issue) being able to compete far more effectively.
       | 
       | why would a smart poor kid ever go to UMass when you could go to
       | Harvard for free? it has never made sense that you get better
       | financial return from say, MIT, even though it costs the same as
       | RandomPrivateU.
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | Harvard is probably a bad example because their endowment is so
         | large that they could afford to give substantial scholarships
         | to poor students even without government subsidies. The issue
         | is more with the 3rd-tier private schools.
        
         | jimbokun wrote:
         | Harvard could easily fund all of their education expenses from
         | their endowment, with zero incoming tuition dollars.
        
       | sputknick wrote:
       | What could we do with college campuses assuming some proportion
       | of them go out of business in the coming years/decades? It would
       | make for an immediate walkable city with all the infrastructure
       | already built out.
        
       | fossuser wrote:
       | Makes sense to me - if you're mostly buying prestige that gets
       | concentrated in the top institutions.
       | 
       | If you're trying to buy education the others are overpriced.
        
         | colechristensen wrote:
         | This is what is frustrating about higher education, the wide
         | gulf between chasing after a credential and chasing after an
         | education.
        
           | fossuser wrote:
           | I think a lot of this could be solved by Lambda School style
           | ISAs.
           | 
           | If the school isn't actually good at education then it fails.
           | 
           | True alignment of incentives.
        
             | colechristensen wrote:
             | This is fine for trade schools which can reasonably measure
             | success by short term income of new graduates, but this is
             | a terrible metric for higher learning in general.
        
       | dvdhnt wrote:
       | Not very surprising, is it?
       | 
       | Right or wrong, "top" colleges are considered better equipped to
       | get you close to the wealth and power needed to live comfortably.
       | 
       | This isn't much different from travelers going west and buying
       | claims in search of gold.
       | 
       | Almost the entire collegiate system in the US is fundamentally
       | broken. It is siloed and just as much pay-to-play as the rest of
       | this country. The soaring costs, low returns, and behemoth mis-
       | allocation of resources towards college football are examples of
       | this.
        
       | verst wrote:
       | I still don't understand why college degrees are necessary for
       | the majority of jobs in the US other than a surplus of college
       | educated folks. This is particularly problematic given the high
       | cost of education.
       | 
       | The entire post secondary education system in Germany is focused
       | on specialization in a given field of study (at universities) or
       | vocational training. The advantage here is that there is no
       | financial penalty for choosing the wrong path, only missed
       | opportunity cost due to time spent.
       | 
       | I completed my secondary school in Germany at a typical Gymnasium
       | (the highest tier of the three major secondary school types).
       | Note that my parents did not attend college and aren't wealthy.
       | Around 8th grade my school curriculum exceeded their knowledge. I
       | attended a private liberal arts college in the US as an
       | international student where I relied on (private) scholarships
       | and (private) loans [international students cannot get subsidized
       | loans -- generally interest rates are high and interest
       | accumulates even while enrolled in school].
       | 
       | The only reason why I chose to attend university was because I
       | wanted to gain an advanced understanding of mathematics and I
       | aspired to one day become a college professor (this has since
       | changed of course).
       | 
       | Despite my school being very highly ranked and my hard work
       | producing good academic results it simply did not have the brand
       | reputation to unlock opportunities such as even being invited to
       | phone screens. I had to take a roundabout way to get into my
       | career and instead work my way up from less desirable positions.
       | This focus on brand for academic institution is also something
       | you do not generally find in Germany where the criteria is
       | typically the binary question of whether or not you have a
       | particular degree in a particular subject area (though again the
       | vast majority of jobs do not require a degree).
       | 
       | Too often I observed the candidate with a Bachelor's at ~3.0 GPA
       | from say Stanford being preferred over the candidate with a ~4.0
       | from a lesser known but equally rigorous institution.
       | 
       | Of course this focus on brand continued beyond college. I quickly
       | learned that a less desirable / impactful role at a top company
       | opens more doors than top positions at unknown companies.
       | 
       | Call me pessimistic, but I do not advise people to attend college
       | in the US unless they can attend schools with a very strong brand
       | and extensive alumni network in their desired professional field.
       | 
       | Looking back at my education my secondary education in Germany
       | was more formative and critical than my college education in the
       | US. While I did have the opportunity to take advanced coursework
       | in college here in the US it did not prepare me for generic jobs
       | not specific to my field of study (and barely even is an asset in
       | my profession). I believe we need to improve high school
       | education in this country and reverse the trend of requiring a
       | college education for the majority of jobs.
        
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