[HN Gopher] Ethereum Isn't Fun Anymore
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Ethereum Isn't Fun Anymore
        
       Author : timdaub
       Score  : 261 points
       Date   : 2021-02-22 10:05 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (timdaub.github.io)
 (TXT) w3m dump (timdaub.github.io)
        
       | bhaak wrote:
       | > Where there was a feeling of revolution and new beginnings, now
       | there are people in suits talking corporate.
       | 
       | I read both "Digital Gold" by Nathaniel Popper about the early
       | days of Bitcoin and "The Infinite Machine" by Camila Russo about
       | the inception of Ethereum and the difference between the early
       | sentiment in those two projects is striking.
       | 
       | Bitcoin came from a cypherpunk background and was very anti
       | establishment whereas Ethereum seems to have been setup and
       | conducted like a startup company. There was much more money
       | involved starting the latter project.
       | 
       | I can relate to the sentiment of the author though, money sucks
       | the fun out of many things. But finance is at the heart of both
       | projects, so it's too be expected that they get more professional
       | and more business-like while they grow.
        
         | te_chris wrote:
         | Both of ETH and BTC's points these days is speculative gambling
         | by people who care enough about finance to understand that, so
         | people being shocked that finance people are invovled in
         | something that it's possible to gamble on is a bit rich.
         | 
         | It certainly isn't useful as "the world computer" or whatever:
         | have you seen gwei lately??
        
       | maipen wrote:
       | This constant whining is getting popular nowadays, specially on
       | hn. >ooohh this thing I got in early is now popular Give me a
       | break. Alot of smart people here think they know what matters but
       | they don't. They often point at the technology and this and that,
       | but it doesn't matter, they are all wrong. The price chart is the
       | only thing that matters. Even if you had the best scalable
       | crypto. Would it matter if nobody could make money on it? People
       | only adopt these things to make money because it's not a
       | necessity, unlike In your country where you need, your
       | government's printed money to buy food and survive. Theories
       | sometimes make alot of sense in paper, but reality proves
       | otherwise. In crypto all it matters is price performance. When
       | there is a bear market most people don't want to talk or touch
       | crypto at all. They all want to stay a away, like it is a leprous
       | dog. You can pay for less shit with bitcoin today, than in 2017.
        
         | BrianOnHN wrote:
         | > they are all wrong
         | 
         | That's pretty absolutist. So, if one's right, that makes you
         | all wrong?
        
         | aww_dang wrote:
         | It shouldn't need to be said, but preference is individual. If
         | I dislike something, a high price tag won't change my
         | preference.
        
           | wtvanhest wrote:
           | In the case of crypto, it probably should. The reality is
           | that there is so much compute power aimed at BTC/ETH, that if
           | you try to use a 'cheap' crypto currency, it is susceptible
           | to compute power attacks or at the very least, hasn't been
           | battle tested against non-compute attacks.
           | 
           | IMO, if you are going to write a smart-contract or "invest"
           | in crypto, you should have an extremely good reason to do it
           | anywhere but ETH/BTC.
           | 
           | The price and value of the chain give an signal of security.
        
             | aww_dang wrote:
             | Price isn't equal to utility.
             | 
             | You can illuminate your home cheaply with electricity or
             | expensively with candles. Yet the lower priced version is
             | more effective.
             | 
             | Technology advances. Technology is a means to an end.
             | Examine the merits of the technology to determine if it
             | provides utility to help you achieve the ends you desire.
        
       | wallacoloo wrote:
       | Article summarizes to:
       | 
       | "high gas fees are ruining ethereum for me. Other people need to
       | quit using it for things that I personally don't get value from,
       | to free up block space. Or the devs need to scale capacity. I'm a
       | dev, but I don't like contributing to projects which have grown
       | as large as ethereum, or I don't want to do that work. Somebody
       | else please do it for me."
       | 
       | Sure, there's truth to it. And if the author reflected more
       | before writing their rant, maybe they could have gotten to some
       | interesting ideas _worth_ discussing:
       | 
       | - How do you design a base layer which is general enough to do
       | all the things author enjoys doing with Ethereum? - How do you
       | make this base layer capable of scaling as more people want to
       | use it?
       | 
       | These are the existential questions that blockchains like
       | Ethereum have been facing for _years_. Ethereum has some paths
       | forward: rollups and sharding, and there 's a _lot_ of active
       | work on both of these right now. Maybe there 's room for useful
       | discussion around why these are taking relatively long to ship,
       | and how can we ship them faster or avoid hitting these same
       | limitations in the future?
       | 
       | But I feel like these discussions are already happening, every
       | day in this space and in a hundred different forums. There are
       | hundreds of people all working to address the author's pain
       | points across dozens of different projects. These things _are_
       | being worked on. It just takes time. Nothing happens overnight.
        
       | tamrix wrote:
       | Tech Heads believe that the better technically performing coin
       | will surface as the best performer in ROI.
       | 
       | Unfortunately the majority of people investing just want to make
       | a buck more than they care about the tech involved.
       | 
       | That's when you realise this has more to do with money, than
       | tech.
        
       | Traubenfuchs wrote:
       | Building something useful on something that is primarily used as
       | highly volatile financial speculation instrument always rubbed me
       | the wrong way. The whole crypto scene is just about making quick
       | dough with a technology, that for some reason remains hyped
       | through and wrapped in mysticism.
       | 
       | Face it, there is no sexy killer app for the masses. Wait. There
       | is one: Crypto trading to... make quick dough. And the
       | cryptonerds seeing the high trade volume then go and call this a
       | success of crypto. lol
        
         | carlbarrdahl wrote:
         | Could be an antidote to spam and ai generated content? It could
         | be used as a signal in the noise because of skin in the game
         | for the participants in the network. One could look at it as a
         | common backend for anyone to build clients that combine and
         | present these feeds.
         | 
         | Perhaps we're not seeing the forest because we're looking at
         | the monetization capabilities in the wood.
        
           | UncleMeat wrote:
           | Micropayments to prevent spam has been attempted a number of
           | times in the past and it has never really worked.
        
         | saadalem wrote:
         | Yes but, bet on BLOCKCHAIN not a cryptocurrency(at least for
         | now?)
         | 
         | Satoshi Nakamoto created something truly revolutionary; a
         | complex method of processing and recording data in a system,
         | quickly began to overturn everything. Microsoft Word was the
         | dominant word processing software for over a decade, with the
         | creation of this new system, however, something similar
         | arrived: Google Docs, Instead of one person editing a document,
         | and being locked out when the other person began to edit,
         | multiple people could now edit documents. That opened an entire
         | world of possibility, from collaborative conferences online to
         | fiction writing with both people online, using Google Docs.
         | Microsoft Word was obsolete(even if still many people use it).
         | Blockchain is a technology that outshines the concept of Google
         | Docs collaboration like a spark versus a star.
         | 
         | Blockchain runs on a principle similar to the collaborative
         | ability of Google Docs, by having multiple computers check to
         | ensure that digital information is recorded accurately,
         | millions of computers, called nodes, check this data and record
         | it perfectly, trying to hack Blockchain is like trying to write
         | swears in Google Docs: Everyone notices immediately.
         | Blockchain-based businesses are growing exponentially as the
         | technology improves. Blockchain technologies are not dominated
         | by large industries yet. The entire industry of Blockchain
         | technology is empty except for a few small yet growing
         | businesses. Anyone can use this technology, and anyone can
         | learn about it. In fact, by creating a startup focused on some
         | sort of Blockchain transaction, whether it's for transporting
         | value across the internet, or general information, or financial
         | records, you're democratizing the entire process and keeping it
         | away from FAANG or even Govs. Blockchain has been compared to
         | the Internet. The Internet was extremely profitable and
         | Blockchain arguably has the potential to be more so, simply by
         | upgrading the existing framework. The person who sets their
         | mind to creating a Blockchain technology has the potential to
         | be unbelievably successful beyond simply creating a profitable
         | niche industry.
        
         | berryjerry wrote:
         | In countries with working currencies like EU and US, yes almost
         | all crypto is speculation. BUT, countries that have poor
         | banking system a poorly managed/trusted economy don't have
         | access to even banks, let alone investments and stocks. Crypto
         | lets those people participate in the global market.
        
         | lopatin wrote:
         | Largely agree. It's what makes Bitcoin different. Bitcoin's
         | killer app is the network itself. The fact that you can send
         | money/transfer wealth instantly without a bank to tell you what
         | you can and can't do IS the value of Bitcoin and why it's not
         | some purely speculative ponzhi scheme. As far as I understand,
         | you can't reaaally use Ethereum for the same purpose because of
         | high fees.
        
           | BlackInkstoan wrote:
           | You can use Ethereum for the same purpose. The transaction
           | fees for sending Ether in a reasonable amount of time stands
           | at sub $5. To send the same amount in the same time on
           | Bitcoin's network is higher. Ethereum's high fees mainly
           | hinder smart contract usage, which, depending on the
           | complexity of the contract, may incur up to hundreds if not
           | thousands of dollars at current gas prices.
        
           | aww_dang wrote:
           | >Bitcoin's killer app is the network itself. The fact that
           | you can send money/transfer wealth instantly
           | 
           | Instantly?
           | 
           | >can't reaaally use Ethereum for the same purpose because of
           | high fees
           | 
           | BTC fees are also high?
        
           | dgellow wrote:
           | That's one of the point that makes little sense to me. The
           | government/bank regulation kicks in when you try to convert
           | to your local currency. They now have your full history of
           | transactions and can decide to refuse your bitcoins or find
           | you guilty of fraud or whatever illegal thing you tried to
           | hide. Regulations will always be present at the edge.
        
             | lopatin wrote:
             | I didn't say that it has to be for illegal things or
             | avoiding regulation. I said it's a trust-less global
             | payment infrastructure. Say I need to send $500k to a
             | relative in a third world country at 12AM on a Sunday. A
             | completely legal transfer of money that I plan to disclose
             | to the government. 100% regulated. But I need the
             | transaction to go through very quickly. What are my
             | options? Chase? Paypal? Western Union? What if Paypal
             | decides this transaction is fraudulent and says "no". What
             | if Western Union decides to limit my account? What if Chase
             | wire transfer to third world bank takes 5 days? With
             | Bitcoin, you can just send the money, legally, but without
             | a private third party as a middleman. There is value in
             | that.
        
               | dgellow wrote:
               | I agree. The "without a bank to tell you what you can and
               | can't do" made me believe that you were hinting to non-
               | regulated transactions, my bad then.
        
               | lopatin wrote:
               | Gotcha, yep I could have phrased that better.
        
         | Synaesthesia wrote:
         | Great way to put it. Yes I got excited for crypto when it came
         | out but long ago realised there's nothing emancipatory about
         | it.
        
           | Taek wrote:
           | You'll be back. The fundamentals are strong and the
           | technology is genuinely interesting, and real world use cases
           | like Sia's Skynet are starting to finally hit stride.
           | 
           | The get rich quick crowd overwhelmed everything else but
           | didn't suffocate it, just merely put it way in the
           | background.
        
             | Synaesthesia wrote:
             | The people who got the initial bitcoin and held onto it
             | still have the majority of it. I don't see that changing.
             | It's not healthy for the monetary system having most people
             | try to just get rich by holding onto the currency.
        
               | 4b11b4 wrote:
               | I'm not disagreeing with you, but this isn't the first
               | time. The people who made the first money held onto that,
               | and then used it to control their environment and make
               | more money. When the British queen invested in that first
               | wooden ship to bring back riches, she made a ton of
               | money. Then she started the East India Company. I don't
               | see those first BTC holders as worse?
        
             | DominikD wrote:
             | You're missing the point, which was "there's nothing for
             | the masses". Interesting technology is not a selling point
             | for the masses. Strong fundamentals are not a selling point
             | for the masses. Whether there's a get rich quick crowd
             | around crypto (or not) is not a selling point for the
             | masses.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | The haber process feeds 4 billion people, and most don't
               | know it exists. Not everything needs to be sold and
               | popularised to the masses.
        
             | audunw wrote:
             | > You'll be back. The fundamentals are strong and the
             | technology is genuinely interesting, and real world use
             | cases like Sia's Skynet are starting to finally hit stride.
             | 
             | Skynet feels more like the next step in P2P solutions like
             | BitTorrent, than what most people think of when talking
             | about blockchain solutions. It kind of also confirms that
             | the only real use-cases of decentralized trustless
             | solutions are relatively trivial problems like those
             | involving purely digital assets (files, domains, etc)
             | 
             | I don't think anyone will claim that the technology isn't
             | interesting. I think it's super interesting. But I think
             | there's way too much hype, especially on the financial side
             | (currencies, DeFi, etc)
        
         | hoka-one-one wrote:
         | This same comment appears on every single crypto post. if it
         | was actually true do you think people would have stopped
         | posting about crypto in the past six years or so?
        
           | steego wrote:
           | I don't think people would have stopped posting for a few
           | reasons:
           | 
           | 1. There are currently useful applications. 2. It currently
           | brings value to some people in one way or another. 3. If
           | there are no _killer_ apps, it 's not obvious to a large
           | swath of the population.
           | 
           | I try not to be one who invests too much into the wisdom of
           | the crowd. I also try not to dismiss them either. We can be
           | both clever and easily fooled.
        
           | albntomat0 wrote:
           | Plenty of bubbles take time to fully pop.
           | 
           | It can both be true that cryptocurrency is nifty and has real
           | world applications, and is at also widely speculative
           | currently.
        
           | ffggvv wrote:
           | they stopped for the past 2 years until it went up again.
           | similiar to people who won't stop selling their herbalife
           | shakes
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | ed25519FUUU wrote:
           | Greed is perhaps one of the most powerful motivators known to
           | man.
        
             | Frost1x wrote:
             | Probably because it largely acts as a proxy for survival
             | mechanisms.
             | 
             | Give most people want they need and a little of what they
             | want and you'll find most greed driven behaviors largely
             | disappear except for a select few who I'd argue have
             | dysfunctions or lack basic social maturity.
        
               | ed25519FUUU wrote:
               | The Mouse Utopia study from the 1960's suggest otherwise.
               | 
               | https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-mouse-
               | utopias-...
        
           | jeffreyrogers wrote:
           | To prove the comment wrong you just have to provide a single
           | example, but you can't do that so instead you're criticizing
           | the complaint and saying it isn't novel (which is true, but
           | irrelevant to its validity).
        
           | omginternets wrote:
           | >if it was actually true do you think people would have
           | stopped posting about crypto in the past six years or so?
           | 
           | I think crypto posts continue to appear because the _idea_ is
           | sexy, but I also think the parent poster is correct: the
           | realized applications are not.
           | 
           | Crypto captures the imagination, but it's a disappointment in
           | practice.
        
           | viklove wrote:
           | HN loves bashing crypto because as tech nerds, we all knew
           | about Bitcoin/Ether at their inception, but missed the boat.
           | Now we all watch as our weird crypto friends get rich, and we
           | have to bash Bitcoin, predicting its inevitable decline, so
           | that we can feel better about our past decisions.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | a_hard_time wrote:
           | The top comment on every crypto thread always dismisses
           | blockchain as a failed technology (ignoring cryptocurrency)
           | and smart contracts as having no killer app (ignoring
           | decentralised finance). These comments never come with
           | substance. They are essentially declarations of the poster's
           | own lack of insight and understanding.
           | 
           | I'm open to criticisms of crypto and smart contracts, but the
           | comment above provides nothing in the way of meaningful
           | criticism. It is trash.
        
         | mouzogu wrote:
         | > "that is primarily used as highly volatile financial
         | speculation instrument "
         | 
         | How is that different from any other asset; stocks, land,
         | property. It's all speculation nowadays.
         | 
         | From what I've read there are pretty much three use cases:
         | 
         | 1. store of value akin to gold (bitcoin)
         | 
         | 2. decentralised privacy money (monero etc, to avoid taxes?)
         | 
         | 3. a platform on which to build decentralised technologies
         | (ethereum, ada, thorchain...countless others - some with
         | specific niches: gaming, streaming etc)
         | 
         | I think your evaluation is bit unfair and shortsighted.
         | 
         | Maybe we are not "there" yet, but why should we be? It is still
         | a nascent technology and I think it would be foolish, and
         | history has shown that, to dismiss it.
         | 
         | Of course, like other asset classes, crypto is now infested
         | with shills, scammers and their jargon designed to confuse and
         | obfuscate in order to take money from the naive.
        
           | satyrnein wrote:
           | Land (for example) is NOT primarily used as a speculation
           | instrument. Speculation on land is theoretically a bet on
           | whether the inherent value will go up.
        
           | audunw wrote:
           | > At the end of the day, crypto is mountain you can't ignore
           | anymore
           | 
           | Is it really? Is there anyone that can say that a company has
           | suffered because it didn't adopt crypto? It seems like it's
           | perfectly safe to ignore crypto completely. You could gain a
           | bit of advantage. You can use it as a marketing tool, or to
           | attract certain kinds of investors, by cashing in on the
           | blockchain hype. But I haven't seen that there's any
           | advantage yet in using the technology itself.
           | 
           | Regarding the use-cases you mention:
           | 
           | > 1 store of value akin to gold (bitcoin)
           | 
           | Bitcoin is not a store of value. It's a destructor or sink of
           | value. A store of value should have some reserves behind them
           | or some physical asset. Something that has value to others
           | that have not invested in it. Bitcoin and similar
           | cryptocurrency only has value to those that hold them. The
           | value of Bitcoin could crash to 0 tomorrow, and nobody except
           | the investors would care at all. If the gold price crashed
           | I'd be very interested. Would be cool to buy some gold just
           | to play with. Maybe make my own jewelry. But WAY before that
           | there'd be plenty of others buying it for a higher price, for
           | jewelry or manufacturing.
           | 
           | > 2 decentralised privacy money (monero etc)
           | 
           | Aka a gift to crime. I mean, in an ideal world it'd be
           | amazing to have a currency like this. But in practice it does
           | more damage to good. Yes, IMO it's a bad thing even in
           | corrupt countries where you might have legitimate reasons to
           | hide from the state. Because having currency like that
           | doesn't solve all the other problems with having a corrupt
           | government, so it's really just a distraction from solving
           | real problems.
           | 
           | > 3 a platform on which to build decentralised technologies
           | 
           | This is the only legitimate use-case IMO. But it has yet to
           | be proven that using a platform like this has a real
           | advantage.
           | 
           | I think the issue is that problems that you can solve with
           | trustless decentralized algorithms are mostly very trivial.
           | Who has ever had issues with a bank money transfer itself?
           | Meanwhile, the problems we'd really like to solve around
           | currencies, payment and financial services, are basically
           | impossible to solve with trustless. The real problem in
           | payment is to ensure that the seller delivers the product.
           | The real problem in lending is to ensure that the borrower
           | can afford the loan and uses the money on what he says he
           | will.
           | 
           | So you really can't get rid of the human component in most of
           | these applications, if you want a solution that's as good as
           | what you're trying to replace. And in that case, the
           | blockchain is just a fancy and expensive implementation
           | detail that serves little to no practical purpose.
           | 
           | There may be some crossover point where these technologies
           | provide some value. But I suspect it's a much smaller niche
           | than most blockchain proponents would like to admit. I think
           | settling international transactions between banks is one of
           | the very few use-cases where it may be valuable.
        
             | gh55 wrote:
             | > The real problem in lending is to ensure that the
             | borrower can afford the loan and uses the money on what he
             | says he will.
             | 
             | So the lender pays the money into a multisignature 2-of-3
             | wallet, gives 1 key to the borrower, and if when the
             | borrower signs a transaction with that key to spend the
             | funds is buying what they are authorised to buy,
             | countersigns, else does not. And then you wrap this up in a
             | smart contract, call it DeFi, have a liquidity pool for
             | people to loan out a token for car financing, and if those
             | people don't want to perform the check themselves, plug in
             | an oracle like chainlink to deal with the real world part.
             | On the repayment side, if repayment not made, a company can
             | buy the debt and chase it, or can be hired to chase it.
             | Wall torn down around car (insert asset here) financing..
        
               | UncleMeat wrote:
               | The repossession is the hard part. Let's say I lend ten
               | grand to some wallet so they can buy a car. They do so.
               | Now they've got a car. They now move all their wealth to
               | other wallets or fiat and refuse to pay me back. I need
               | some mechanism of repossessing their car, which only
               | works if I have state infrastructure and a legal system
               | attached to my contract.
               | 
               | "Btc bounty hunters" isn't a good enough explanation.
        
               | EdwardDiego wrote:
               | Now I'm wondering if software contracts have ever been
               | legally tested. I'd enjoy a lawyer reading out the
               | relevant if statement to the court.
        
               | UncleMeat wrote:
               | I certainly don't think it is impossible. But the "defi
               | will let everybody make 8% on their savings accounts by
               | loaning cash to people around the world with no barriers"
               | folks need to provide some evidence that I'm not actually
               | going to lose everything to people just refusing to pay
               | me back.
        
               | gh55 wrote:
               | Your correct to say the debt would need to be legally
               | recognised, before it could be sold on to a legally
               | registered debt collector. Aave for example has a UK
               | Electronic Money Institution license, you might need some
               | legal entity to take part in what I describe until laws
               | catch up with innovation. Self driving cars, uber,
               | Airbnb, face similar issues with regulation needing to
               | adjust, that doesn't invalidate the innovation.
        
               | UncleMeat wrote:
               | I think the comparison to airbnb is revealing.
               | 
               | Airbnb allowed individuals to rent their home to other
               | individuals. But this is done through a centralized
               | service. Scams and abuse exist, but the centralized
               | service offers some nice benefits like reviews and bans
               | for abusive participants. The innovative part was the new
               | model of _what_ you could rent, not the _how_ of how you
               | rent it.
               | 
               | In comparison, the defi loan innovation is "how" rather
               | than "what". As a borrower I still get some cash and pay
               | interest on it. Same as with a bank. As a lender I still
               | deposit some cash and obtain interest on it. Same as with
               | a bank. And a centralized service provides some nice
               | guarantees about checking that my money isn't going to
               | criminal organizations or that I have some guarantee that
               | I can withdraw my money when needed and risk is
               | amortized. Like with airbnb, I'd expect a centralized
               | model to be more appealing to many people than a
               | decentralized model. And we already have a centralized
               | model. They are called banks.
               | 
               | Airbnb succeeded because it created a product that didn't
               | exist before.
               | 
               | I only think that the defi loan system is interesting if
               | it enables a ton of people to obtain a different thing
               | than the thing they can already get from a bank. This
               | matters for people with bad credit and people without
               | access to banking institutions... but how many people are
               | super excited to personally lend to those people?
        
               | gh55 wrote:
               | I suppose, with software eating the world, I want to
               | believe we will collectively own and operate that
               | software, rather than a particular company, that it will
               | be open source, and if those who own it charge too much
               | someone will fork it and outcompete them.
        
               | UncleMeat wrote:
               | That might be nice, but it isn't a feature. Vanishingly
               | few people consider "the product is collectively owned
               | and open source" to be a feature that they are willing to
               | prioritize over other things. As such, it is hard to
               | support any very large endeavor just off this thing.
               | There is a reason why Blender shows up over and over and
               | over and over again on "lists of awesome FLOSS apps" and
               | that is because it has damn good features.
               | Decentralization is not itself a business strategy
               | outside of niche cases.
        
               | gh55 wrote:
               | At the moment DeFi loans are fully collateralized, with
               | the loan to value ratio affecting the interest rate you
               | pay. If your collateral drops in value you have to
               | recollateralize the loan, or are liquidated.
        
               | UncleMeat wrote:
               | I don't understand. Why would I need a loan for $X if I
               | already have $X to put up as collateral?
        
               | afiori wrote:
               | While it is interesting that you can implement this on
               | block-chain this is a perfect example of how block-chain
               | does not provide more than just being trustless.
               | 
               | (personally I like having trusted third parties)
        
             | 177tcca wrote:
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rYOpxzpNQJE&t=70
        
             | gh55 wrote:
             | > If the gold price crashed I'd be very interested.
             | 
             | Imo central banks are in a tough spot now. They've issued
             | huge amounts of bonds, and cannot raise interest rates. If
             | inflation rises, they will be unable to raise rates -
             | unless they want to pay incredible amounts of interest to
             | the banks. If they do decide to do so, they will need to
             | sell large quantities of gold to help pay for that, which
             | will be a heavy downward pressure on the price of gold.
             | More likely is they allow fiat to devalue, in turn making
             | the loans easier to pay off in the future, with the side
             | effect of averting any trouble brewing in the stock market
             | - people won't exit their positions to cash if stocks
             | continue to climb (even if it is due to a devaluing
             | currency). Just my opinion.
        
               | rmah wrote:
               | Central banks do not issue bonds. What they've been doing
               | is _buying_ bonds issued by national governments. Usually
               | on the public markets, not directly. Where do they get
               | the money to buy the bonds? Why they just magically
               | create it. That 's their job.
               | 
               | Central banks do not care, per se, if they have to "pay
               | incredible amounts of interest to the banks" since they
               | literally create (and destroy) money. Central banks do
               | not need to buy or sell gold to create money since money
               | is no longer gold backed. Operationally, central banks
               | can create any amount of money they want anytime they
               | want. Obviously, there are political considerations
               | though.
               | 
               | "More likely is they allow fiat to devalue", yes. That is
               | exactly what they will do if inflation increases
               | substantially. Though not because it will make their
               | loans "loans easier to pay off" since central banks have
               | no loans to pay off; instead they get paid coupons and
               | principal on they bonds.
        
               | gh55 wrote:
               | Thanks, your understanding is better than mine. Its the
               | national governments who would have to pay the incredible
               | amounts of interest, and may fund that by selling the
               | gold they own (https://www.usfunds.com/investor-
               | library/frank-talk-a-ceo-bl...). Interested to hear
               | whether you think gold will increase or decrease its
               | value, over the next years.
        
               | rmah wrote:
               | Rising interest rates will only make _new debt_ more
               | expensive for governments. Existing debt will actually
               | become cheaper as rates rise. If rates rise high enough,
               | they could actually call (buy back) the bonds early for
               | less than face value. This is because most government
               | debt is fixed rate.
               | 
               | To use an example, you issue a 10 year bond with a face
               | value of $100 with a 1.00% coupon (i.e. you need to pay
               | $1/yr for 10 years and then $100 at maturity after 10
               | years). Fast forward 5 years -- rates have risen for
               | similar risk debt rise to 5.00%. You've paid out $5 so
               | far in coupons... but that bond (now 5 years to maturity)
               | will cost $84 on the open market. So you simply buy it
               | back for $84. That means you spent $84 + $5 = $89 for
               | $100. Woohoo!
               | 
               | One financial strategy for governments would be to 1)
               | issue excessive debt when rates are very low, 2) don't
               | spend all the money, 3) buy back some of the debt when
               | rates go up for less than you issued it, thus further
               | lowering the cost of debt for the portion you did spend.
               | Sadly, most governments have trouble with step #2.
               | 
               | As for gold, I have no idea. Historically, gold was an
               | inflation hedge (i.e. it's price rose with inflation).
               | But so are a lot of other things. At this point, there's
               | nothing special about gold except that it stays shiny
               | forever.
        
               | tastyfreeze wrote:
               | Rising stock price due to currency devaluation is already
               | happening.
        
             | tekkk wrote:
             | A part of what was not mentioned is that it is used as a
             | gambling chip. Plain and simple. Sure, not the cheapest
             | lottery ticket you can find but hey, your chances of making
             | money are probably higher with crypto than the average
             | lottery.
             | 
             | Is gambling useful to the society as whole? Probably not.
             | But it does make things interesting and alas, Bitcoin (and
             | other cryptos) intersect in a most curious way where you
             | are gambling but also have a very easy method to move those
             | assets around.
             | 
             | And I think cryptos do _save_ money when making larger
             | transactions between entities. So there is something real
             | there, although it 's not very tangible. For the average
             | Joe, I agree. I don't think they really provide that much
             | value except your average thrill at the casino (with better
             | odds, sure).
        
             | charcircuit wrote:
             | >A store of value should have some reserves behind them or
             | some physical asset
             | 
             | Nope. This is old people thinking. Young people are used to
             | digital items being worth money. People spend real money on
             | cosmetics in video games despite there being nothing
             | physical about them. These "imaginary" things spawned into
             | existence can have value.
        
               | microtherion wrote:
               | Have you considered that your use of the term "real
               | money" undermines your position a bit?
               | 
               | People spend money on things with little tangible value
               | all the time. The benchmark, IMHO, is whether _others_
               | accept these things as payment. It 's generally pretty
               | hard to pay your utility bill with Farmville coins, or
               | buy groceries with Angry Birds Mighty Eagles.
        
               | virgo_eye wrote:
               | You can't pay your utility bill with Apple stock, or buy
               | groceries with crude oil ETFs. You have to convert them
               | into money first. Does this mean that they are not a
               | store of value?
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | brabel wrote:
           | > How is that different from any other asset, stocks, land,
           | property.
           | 
           | You're putting completely different things in the same bag. I
           | would say you're right that crypto currencies and stocks are
           | kind of similar, but stocks at least have a small (very
           | tenuous, I admit) connection to reality. Stocks are related
           | to real-world companies that deal things people are willing
           | to pay for with real money. Stocks go up and down based on
           | how much money the companies are making, not only based on
           | how much speculation their stocks are being subjected to.
           | 
           | Crypto is purely and solely speculation. There's no one
           | actually trading anything else other than the crypto coins
           | themselves! That's quite different in my opinion.
           | 
           | Now, even though, sometimes, land and property are used as
           | instruments of speculation, they're still connected strongly
           | to the real world, real people. If the world forbid
           | speculation overnight, people would still need to own
           | property and land to survive, and they would still be willing
           | to buy it in exchange for their work or other assets.
           | 
           | If crypto were forbidden overnight, the real world would be
           | unaffected. Some people would lose savings they bet on a
           | fictional economy, but beyond that, nothing would change.
           | These things are fundamentally different.
        
           | imtringued wrote:
           | >How is that different from any other asset; stocks, land,
           | property. It's all speculation nowadays. How is that
           | different from any other asset; stocks, land, property. It's
           | all speculation nowadays.
           | 
           | Just because other people are insane doesn't mean you should
           | be insane too.
           | 
           | You can sanely invest into stocks, land and property. You can
           | never sanely invest into cryptocurrencies, the same way
           | nobody invests into dollars. No, buying dollars when your
           | national currency is hyperinflating is not an investment
           | since you merely expect your purchasing power to stay the
           | same.
        
           | lmm wrote:
           | > How is that different from any other asset, stocks, land,
           | property. It's all speculation nowadays. Just look at the
           | housing market in London and other places.
           | 
           | This is a common talking point but it's not actually true.
           | 99% of London housing is used for living in.
        
           | aabbcc1241 wrote:
           | I don't want to call cryptocurrency as money because they're
           | not circulating as you'd expect from money. Globally limited
           | transaction rate, relatively long confirmation time, and few
           | adoption.
        
             | Consultant32452 wrote:
             | An ACH transfer through my bank takes multiple days. I've
             | only made a few transactions on crypto, but confirmation
             | was more like seconds to minutes.
        
               | jpalomaki wrote:
               | In euro area we have SEPA instant payments. Cross border
               | payments that take place in real-time (10 seconds max).
               | 
               | Took some time for the old banks to wake up, but I think
               | they have been doing decent work on catching up.
        
               | aabbcc1241 wrote:
               | I was imagining paying subway for my lunch using money.
        
               | audunw wrote:
               | > An ACH transfer through my bank takes multiple days
               | 
               | But that's just a regulation and/or implementation issue.
               | 
               | You can transfer in minutes between countries in
               | different currencies without blockchain.
               | 
               | The fact that your country is stuck in the stone age in
               | this regard isn't really a good argument that
               | cryptocurrencies fundamentally provide value over a
               | solution without blockchains.
               | 
               | I guess the main value blockchain could provide here is
               | to give banks and politicians a kick in the butt, and
               | force them to invest in solutions and regulations that
               | speed up money transfers.
        
               | afiori wrote:
               | In practical terms the main value of cripto is to people
               | that are legally forbidden to access these kind of
               | services. Even if the Nigerian prince was a scan there
               | are many countries where limited access to financial
               | services is unescapable; it is to them that crypto has
               | the greatest value proposition (whether it will be good
               | or bad in reality I have no idea)
        
               | UncleMeat wrote:
               | That'd be true if the BCH people won, but btc as a
               | mechanism to evade oppressive governments doesn't work
               | for the masses when transaction costs are so high.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | Yes, nowadays Bitcoin is just a shell of its former self.
               | It simply is not practical for anything other than Tulip
               | manias. That's incredibly sad. Practical usage of Bitcoin
               | doesn't even compete with the speculation beyond
               | transaction capacity. If anything speculators would
               | prefer an economy built on Bitcoin that actually
               | guarantees that it's more than just an instrument for
               | speculation.
        
           | Proven wrote:
           | > 1 store of value akin to gold (bitcoin)
           | 
           | It's not. It has no other popular uses than crypto trading.
           | 
           | > 2 decentralised privacy money (monero etc)
           | 
           | Who quotes prices in only crypto (outside of stablecoins)?
           | Noone. It's not at all useful as unit of account - it doesn't
           | have 2 out of 3 properties of money (store of value, unit of
           | account).
           | 
           | > 3 a platform on which to build decentralised technologies
           | (ethereum, ada, thorchain...countless others - some with
           | specific niches: gaming, streaming etc)
           | 
           | Many of those (probably most) can work just fine with
           | centralized or decentralized non-blockhain apps.
           | 
           | One use case is (relatively) censorship resistant messaging
           | and that's only because no major government has decided to
           | censor it.
        
         | martin_a wrote:
         | After all those years, there's still not a single useful
         | blockchain application around.
         | 
         | These days I see lots companies telling me, they put their
         | "supply chain on blockchain" and while I understand what they
         | probably want to tell me ("you can't tamper with where our
         | stuff comes from") I don't see the point in that. If you've got
         | trust issues with your subcontractors you should fix those and
         | not "seal" the willingly wrong information in a blockchain.
         | 
         | Maybe we should just declare blockchain a "failed technology".
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | Cryptokitties is actually great
        
             | Tepix wrote:
             | They left Ethereum due to the high gas prices, didn't they?
             | How many MAU do they have?
        
           | rawtxapp wrote:
           | I know someone who got a 7 figure loan backed by
           | cryptocurrency collateral in a matter of minutes using
           | makerdao. The best part? They didn't even had to provide
           | their name. This is the future folks, I highly recommend that
           | you actually try some of these projects before writing them
           | off.
        
             | valarauko wrote:
             | Interesting. I think I know somebody who might be
             | interested in something similar: ie, put X BTC as
             | collateral for a loan, and pay it back after a year to get
             | X BTC. Any pointers for where I could learn how this could
             | work?
        
               | rawtxapp wrote:
               | Or you could just treat that collateral as a credit line
               | that's always growing, if it grows faster than your
               | spending, just withdraw a portion of your collateral.
               | Just look at Youtube videos on makerdao, there's some
               | good ones out there and _try_ it for yourself once you
               | feel comfortable with small amounts.
               | 
               | Once you actually try it, you're going to be like "this
               | is the future", every single one of my friends that tried
               | came to the same conclusion.
        
             | laughingbovine wrote:
             | Cryptocurrency's lack of regulation is not a feature.
        
             | martin_a wrote:
             | > The best part? They didn't even had to provide their
             | name.
             | 
             | The mafia probably doesn't need your name for a loan, too.
             | They'll find you anyway.
             | 
             | But maybe I'm all alone in finding this somewhat shady.
        
               | rawtxapp wrote:
               | > The mafia probably doesn't need your name for a loan,
               | too.
               | 
               | What? They'll know your name, address and your whole
               | family history usually.
               | 
               | It's just a smart contract execution on the global
               | computer that is Ethereum, how is that shady?
        
               | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
               | There's a big cultural gap here, because your description
               | sounds obviously shady to me. If my car financing
               | agreement said "the terms of the loan are whatever
               | happens when you run this program we wrote", I would
               | never in a million years have signed it.
        
               | rawtxapp wrote:
               | The code is immutable and open source, so you can inspect
               | _exactly_ what it does.
        
               | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
               | I can inspect the code I write professionally too, but I
               | still end up shipping bugs from time to time. So I'm not
               | really convinced that the ability to read the code will
               | let me reliably determine what it does. Have you heard of
               | the DAO hack?
        
             | ethanbond wrote:
             | You do realize it's law and not technical incapability that
             | prevents financial institutions from lending like this,
             | right?
        
               | 177tcca wrote:
               | It is technical incapability of some financial
               | institutions to set this up inside of their regulated
               | position.
               | 
               | Other freely operating entities across the globe are not
               | in the same position.
        
               | tootie wrote:
               | It's an interesting thought. Any online brokerage, lender
               | or retail banker could probably set up an anonymous
               | verification of asset ownership without going through
               | background checks or credit agencies. You just need
               | 2-party consent and verification, not a whole blockchain.
               | The trick is not proving you own a thing, it's that you
               | need to prove you haven't used it as collateral for
               | anyone else or don't hold outstanding debts somewhere
               | else. Blockchain will be completely useless for solving
               | that. A universal identity (ie SSN) is the only option.
        
               | ike77 wrote:
               | I don't think law would prevent a fully collateralized
               | loan on the basis of borrower/lender risks.
               | 
               | AML seems a non issue too, as the loan only moves the
               | question.
               | 
               | KYC remains one big problem but there are many startups
               | providing those services and they are slowly gaining
               | acceptance in courts.
               | 
               | Don't be impressed if a few years (and maybe even months)
               | from now you start to see classical banks trading
               | mortgages onchain.
        
               | boh wrote:
               | The banking system doesn't work like a tech company.
               | They're highly dependent on a credit eco-system. If the
               | debt they sell is backed by highly volatile collateral,
               | their own debts will become unsustainably expensive with
               | the additional risk factors. Yes I know the future of
               | crypto is sunshine and rainbows but the price swings of
               | the past three months makes this a highly volatile asset
               | class (regardless if the price is moving up). Even
               | security backed debt negatively effects risk factors, but
               | at least securities have accompanying rights to offset
               | losses--crypto has absolutely zero safety nets.
        
               | gamblor956 wrote:
               | _I don 't think law would prevent a fully collateralized
               | loan on the basis of borrower/lender risks._
               | 
               | It doesn't.
               | 
               |  _AML seems a non issue too, as the loan only moves the
               | question._
               | 
               | No, anti-money-laundering laws are at the heart of why
               | the financial system can't do this. KYC laws apply at the
               | customer level, so you only need to handle KYC once per
               | customer. AML laws apply at the _transaction_ level, so
               | you need to apply them to each loan.
               | 
               | Cryptocurrency solves absolutely none of the existing
               | _legal_ reasons that banks can 't issue large loans in
               | minutes or seconds to existing (or new, well
               | collateralized) clients.
        
               | lynx234 wrote:
               | > Cryptocurrency solves absolutely none of the existing
               | legal reasons that banks can't issue large loans in
               | minutes or seconds to existing (or new, well
               | collateralized) clients.
               | 
               | Yes, this is definitely correct in that crypto does
               | nothing to solve the legal requirements of the banks and
               | does not help the banks.
               | 
               | But it's worth mentioning that this sort of fully
               | collateralized and anonymous borrowing does not (and
               | would not) happen through banks, but through platforms
               | like AAVE and Compound. It's a financial tool separate
               | from banks. And these tools cannot be shutdown, as long
               | as ethereum exists, these tools exist.
        
               | gamblor956 wrote:
               | Banks don't need to issue fully collateralized loans.
               | That is not a thing people need to do in the real world,
               | because banks will gladly issue _partially_
               | collateralized loans.
               | 
               | As for anonymous loans, those exist solely to service
               | criminal customers, so that is not an _advantage_ of
               | cryptocurrency.
        
               | lynx234 wrote:
               | For people holding crypto assets which they don't plan to
               | sell, it's a valid way to borrow other assets for use.
               | Potentially for other investments. Definitely not just
               | for criminals.
               | 
               | And overall, it's a demonstration of a financial product
               | which can only be built in the space of decentralized
               | finance. I do not know of another tool which allows
               | anyone around the world to borrow significant amounts of
               | money anonymously and without an account. Whether it's a
               | net good for the world I don't know, but I do believe
               | it's a powerful technology and space.
        
               | rawtxapp wrote:
               | I mean I don't care why they can't, right? These
               | financial systems are so old, corrupt and broken, you
               | have to pretty much start from scratch in my opinion.
        
               | lynx234 wrote:
               | You do realize that's a characteristic which gives
               | decentralized finance an advantage over traditional
               | financial institutions, right?
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | The value of that loan is less than the value of the
             | collateral they put in though, that's how vaults work.
             | 
             | You're never going to get an amazing loan deal from a
             | trustless system.
        
               | rawtxapp wrote:
               | But you can access liquidity without selling your asset
               | which is exactly what they want.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | ie. So they can have cash while continuing to be
               | speculatively exposed to eth.
               | 
               | I think that ethereum might have great applications, but
               | a loan backed by more collateral than it is worth doesn't
               | seem like one of them, unless Dao starts allowing for the
               | use of collateral that is less liquid than eth.
               | 
               | The issue is that contracts don't have any way of
               | "calling in" to the legal API, so you can't put up your
               | house as collateral.
        
               | rawtxapp wrote:
               | They also avoid capital gains tax which would be pretty
               | significant. They can use the money to hedge their bets
               | against crypto by buying traditional markets if they
               | wanted.
               | 
               | For house mortgages, there are companies that are
               | "tokenizing" houses on the blockchain, so putting it up
               | collateral would be as simple as depositing that token.
               | That said, I think this is far from becoming reality
               | anytime soon, just because there's lots of legal issues,
               | etc. Nonetheless, the future is pretty exciting!
        
               | rank0 wrote:
               | I believe that technically, any conversion between crypto
               | assets is still a taxable event. If you want to follow
               | the (silly) rules, you have to pay taxes on your gains
               | once you purchase something using your borrowed
               | stablecoin.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | AFAIK, this isn't how MakerDAO loans are being treated
               | right now.
        
               | hackinthebochs wrote:
               | Presumably the point is to avoid triggering capital gains
               | tax with the low cost basis of your coins by borrowing
               | someone else's coins to make purchases.
        
               | rawtxapp wrote:
               | So yes, you'd pay capital gains tax on the DAI that
               | you've borrowed when you transfer it back to USD, _but_
               | DAI is a stablecoin that 's pegged to 1$ and the volumes
               | are pretty high on many exchanges.
               | 
               | Once you include your exchanges fees in your cost basis,
               | you actually lost like 30-40$, so it's a taxable event
               | with capital gains _loss_.
        
               | rank0 wrote:
               | https://www.forbes.com/sites/shehanchandrasekera/2020/07/
               | 21/...
        
               | rawtxapp wrote:
               | This is more applicable to liquidity providers or things
               | like AAVE and compound where your crypto is actually
               | loaned out. With maker, your crypto doesn't move anywhere
               | and isn't loaned out to anyone.
               | 
               | For what it's worth, if you use AAVE or Compound, you
               | also have to declare interest income on what you've
               | earned.
               | 
               | With maker, you'd be responsible for capital gains if it
               | was liquidated because you fell below the 150% minimum
               | ratio.
        
               | rank0 wrote:
               | Admittedly, I am not familiar with maker I will have to
               | go take a look.
               | 
               | I guess the difference between me and someone who would
               | use these DeFi apps, is that they are using crypto as a
               | speculative investment (which is fine, I speculate with
               | other assets all the time). But most people do not have a
               | significant portion of their net worth in crypto tokens.
               | For me, it is much cheaper/easier/safer to just get a
               | traditional loan.
        
             | lottin wrote:
             | What happens in the event of default?
        
               | rawtxapp wrote:
               | It's over-collaterized, so if you fall below the 150%
               | minimum collateral ratio, maker smart contract could
               | liquidate the asset to cover the loan and then return the
               | remaining 50%-liquidation fees back to you. As long as
               | you're conservative in your borrowing (as in you borrow
               | up to 25%-50% of your holding), your chances of getting
               | liquidated are pretty slim.
        
             | sabas123 wrote:
             | How is being able to do this good? There are reasons why
             | this shit has been regulated.
        
               | rawtxapp wrote:
               | It gives freedom to people, how is that bad? The whole
               | point is that it's a permissionless, borderless
               | technology that anyone can participate in. There's really
               | nothing holding innovation back.
               | 
               | Flash loans are an example of that innovation, where if
               | you see an arbitrage opportunity in the market, you can
               | profit from it even if you don't own huge capital, so it
               | levels the playing field for all these financial actors.
        
               | Nemi wrote:
               | This seems akin to looking at someone's code and saying
               | "This is crap! We should throw it out and rewrite it from
               | scratch" without understanding how and why it got the way
               | it did.
               | 
               | See Chesterton's Fence:
               | https://fs.blog/2020/03/chestertons-fence/
        
               | eek04_ wrote:
               | > It gives freedom to people, how is that bad?
               | 
               | That's just a slogan. The devil is in the details. To use
               | an extreme example: Murder laws removes my freedom to
               | kill random people; how is that good?
        
               | kingaillas wrote:
               | >It gives freedom to people, how is that bad?
               | 
               | Well it's great in theory until you hit a problem nobody
               | was incentivized to guard against the resulting failure
               | cascades.
        
             | jagger27 wrote:
             | Rich person gets easy loan and other news at 11.
        
               | gher-shyu3i wrote:
               | That's what happens when you have an economy based on
               | (interest bearing) loans.
        
             | rank0 wrote:
             | I really am struggling to see the practical value here. You
             | have to provide collateral worth more than your borrowed
             | amount. The rates are HORRIBLE for borrowers. Straight up
             | predatory.
             | 
             | The anonymity part is cool, but if I want to borrow to get
             | a mortgage how exactly does this help me? I do not have
             | $500,000 in crypto laying around and a traditional lender
             | will give me a 2% interest rate instead of 15%
        
               | rawtxapp wrote:
               | So the stability fee you pay is 4.50%. You're still
               | holding on to your assets appreciation, so if Bitcoin
               | continues to appreciate at 300% per year, the 4.50% is a
               | drop in the bucket _and_ you didn 't have to pay a
               | capital gains tax.
               | 
               | Eventually, some companies are working on tokenizing
               | homes, so once that happens, you could potentially
               | deposit that as collateral just as easily, but that's
               | still far out.
        
               | karpierz wrote:
               | Do you not pay the loan back in Bitcoin? How would you
               | exercise the 300% gain while also paying the loan back?
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | rawtxapp wrote:
               | So if Bitcoin grows 300%, that means your collateral is
               | now worth 300% more.
               | 
               | You can either withdraw a portion of it back to your
               | normal wallet or you can just borrow more against the
               | same collateral. So it's like a credit line that's always
               | appreciating in value.
               | 
               | If one day, you need the whole collateral for whatever
               | reason, then you'd pay the loan to unlock it fully and
               | withdraw it.
        
               | rank0 wrote:
               | > So the stability fee you pay is 4.50%.
               | 
               | The fees I am seeing on Uniswap/Aave are much much higher
               | than 4.5%. Even at 4.5% that equates to six figures of
               | additional interest payments over my 30 year mortgage.
               | 
               | > and you didn't have to pay a capital gains tax.
               | 
               | This isn't true. Any conversion between crypto assets is
               | technically a taxable event...even if we both can agree
               | that the rules are silly.
               | 
               | > Eventually, some companies are working on tokenizing
               | homes, so once that happens, you could potentially
               | deposit that as collateral just as easily, but that's
               | still far out.
               | 
               | Okay great, but how does this promised future development
               | help me secure a loan for the home I want to buy? Or the
               | business I want to start? Again, I do not have 500k in
               | bitcoin laying around nor a "tokenized home."
               | 
               | It was super easy to get approved for a 500k mortgage
               | just based on my income.
        
               | DennisP wrote:
               | The idea is that it's not a conversion, it's a loan. The
               | collateral is held in a smart contract and when you pay
               | off the loan you get it back. In much the same way,
               | people take out loans on their stock portfolios, and they
               | don't pay capital gains either.
        
               | rank0 wrote:
               | Is there any definitive source on this? I get lots of
               | conflicting information from my brief google search.
               | Equities and Cryptocurrencies are not treated the same
               | for tax purposes by the IRS. It seems like they are
               | treated as property and do not qualify as a "fungible"
               | asset like stock or USD.
        
               | DennisP wrote:
               | I don't know and I haven't consulted a CPA, which is why
               | I described it as an "idea" instead of a fact. I know
               | technically how it works, but not how the IRS will view
               | it.
               | 
               | But to my amateur mind, treating it as property doesn't
               | seem like a problem for this view. If you get a loan from
               | a pawn shop, you're not selling them your property,
               | you're just putting it up for collateral while you pay
               | back the loan.
        
               | lisperforlife wrote:
               | This. It took me a long time to understand this. I was so
               | focused on the volatility that I failed to look at the
               | larger trend. It clicked for me only a couple of months
               | back.
        
               | rawtxapp wrote:
               | Same here, it took me a while to understand why anyone
               | would get an over-collaterized loan until it just
               | clicked, then I was like this is the future, it doesn't
               | make any sense to sell the most valuable and appreciating
               | asset ever, but you can still use the money from it.
        
               | phamilton wrote:
               | > sell the most valuable and appreciating asset ever
               | 
               | What happens when it stops appreciating? Or is the
               | premise that bitcoin will alway outpace interest rates?
        
               | rawtxapp wrote:
               | In the short term it could do anything, in the long term
               | you'd expect it to constantly appreciate.
               | 
               | It's a scarce/deflationary/limited supply asset which is
               | compared against an endless money printer.
        
           | zionic wrote:
           | >After all those years, there's still not a single useful
           | blockchain application around.
           | 
           | Why are uniswap/none of these DeFi/DEx'es "not useful"?
           | 
           | https://defipulse.com/
        
           | Geee wrote:
           | There is Sia/Skynet which I think is really cool. Sia is the
           | decentralized storage layer and Skynet provides file-sharing
           | and HTTP-access through webportals. It's actually working and
           | can compete with AWS S3 in terms of security, performance and
           | price, while being completely decentralized. Check out
           | https://siasky.net and the Skynet App Store:
           | https://siasky.net/hns/skyapps/#/apps/all
        
           | gh55 wrote:
           | Putting supply chain on a blockchain isn't about verifying
           | the authenticity of the goods. Its about being able to buy
           | and sell the goods at any time, hedge out price risk, etc.
        
             | teus wrote:
             | > Its about being able to buy and sell the goods at any
             | time, hedge out price risk, etc.
             | 
             | Can you explain this in greater detail? I don't wish to be
             | a naysayer, but I don't understand how those concepts are
             | blockchain-specific. Goods being re-sold/diverted while in
             | transit was a regular occurrence prior to the existence of
             | blockchain technologies. What is being brought to the table
             | that is new?
        
           | mountainb wrote:
           | Full supply chain documentation takes a long time to put
           | together. If the application could generate the full supply
           | chain documentation for an item with a certain serial number,
           | that would be very useful.
           | 
           | It is also very common for suppliers and various
           | intermediaries to have bad document management practices that
           | get further muddled by digital file issues (e.g. people just
           | generating documents from their software that may be
           | different from the real invoice).
           | 
           | The issue with that is that not everyone involved wants
           | transparency or wants to know, because you can get discounts
           | from illegal or merely hinky behavior such as through gray
           | market imports. There are good reasons as to why a lot of
           | people involved in bringing products to customers want to see
           | no evil / hear no evil / speak no evil. There's room here for
           | the law to push people into adopting better technology than
           | what is currently used.
           | 
           | This is another case in which the paper tech is better for
           | fraud, negligence, and crime than the blockchain tech. It is
           | also more forgiving because it prevents participants in the
           | supply chain from becoming aware of fraud further up the
           | chain, so it prevents them from taking on liability.
           | Transparency sounds great until you learn it means that you
           | have to pay more for the same units because the crime / lax
           | practices that lubed the system up is now infeasible.
        
             | castlecrasher2 wrote:
             | Dumb this down for me, because it's unclear how blockchain
             | would solve the issues you bring up.
        
               | lifeisstillgood wrote:
               | Blockchain is just a ledger. So "the Blockchain" does not
               | make anything significantly better. Its in fact
               | ridiculously expensive.
               | 
               | The idea is that everytime sweat shop X finishes sewing
               | sequins on a dress, they can scan the RFID tag on the
               | dress with their smartphone, and the ledger gets updated,
               | and then Walmart can prepare for that dress, the shipping
               | company can print out labels etc.
               | 
               | Its a good idea.
               | 
               | Industries are supposed to work this out, create their
               | own cheaper blockchains that just need some sort of
               | simple KYC to get started, then its as cheap as email to
               | add your little bit to the supply chain.
               | 
               | I dont know of any successful implementations
               | 
               | Edit: no blockchain will solve the grey market problems.
               | Everything will have to be made genuninely on the chain.
               | Which starts to lead to probelsm with if you cannot get
               | permission to write to the chain ... etc etc
        
               | castlecrasher2 wrote:
               | I appreciate the response, but it's still entirely
               | unclear how blockchain would help here. In a supply
               | chain, why would blockchain be better than a centralized
               | process? It seems to be trying to put a square peg in a
               | round hole.
        
               | lifeisstillgood wrote:
               | It's a fine question - I guess politics mostly
               | 
               | 1. If the central database is proprietary then it is
               | enforced (usually by a major retailer ie Walmart drives
               | all sorts of RFID supply chain requirements for its
               | suppliers. If blockchains come in this is likely how)
               | 
               | 1.a. But which other retailer will sign up to walmart's
               | versions ? So it is hard for all suppliers to sign up to
               | the same standards
               | 
               | 2. Open standards make it easier for anyone to write apps
               | to join the chain.
               | 
               | 3. it's not at all clear how this is better I will admit
               | beyond "decentralised" and "open". But those are
               | excellent places to start.
        
           | koonsolo wrote:
           | I think the decentralized web pieces are starting to fall in
           | place: decentralized file storage, decentralized domain
           | names, decentralized communities and streaming, decentralized
           | payments, etc.
           | 
           | I wouldn't declare it "failed technology" just yet.
        
             | loceng wrote:
             | Did Filecoin actually gain any traction?
        
               | toss1 wrote:
               | Seems they recently launched late last year [0], some of
               | the miners went on strike seeing the actual mining deal
               | worse than they expected in several ways [1], and current
               | price is going up a bit in the last few days, but
               | consistently down vs BTC [2].
               | 
               | They may be having some success on their original
               | purpose, having just passed 2.5 billion GB on the
               | network, i.e., 2.5 exabytes, and 1300 miners, 200+
               | projects and 5900+ GitHub contributors [3].
               | 
               | [0] https://www.coindesk.com/filecoin-mainnet-now-live
               | [1] https://news.bitcoin.com/filecoin-miners-start-a-
               | strike-fil-... [2]
               | https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/filecoin/ [3]
               | https://siliconangle.com/2021/02/16/filecoins-
               | decentralized-...
        
               | loceng wrote:
               | Do you know if they list the price of storing/accessing 1
               | GB on Filecoin compared to say AWS?
               | 
               | It's obvious that people who own Bitcoin would want to
               | use the system in order to show usefulness, demand,
               | however I'm wondering if there's any use of people who
               | aren't financially incentivized (like early adopters who
               | have the most to gain).
        
               | toss1 wrote:
               | Good question, but IDK. Current price is around
               | $37/Filecoin, falling from $45 earlier in the week, but I
               | have no idea what one Filecoin buys in terms of storage.
               | Let me know if you find out more, and I'll do the same
        
               | loceng wrote:
               | Will do. It's always been odd to me that that is never
               | listed prominently - as price is always the main
               | competitive factor for anything, and even if it's 100x
               | more expensive than similar solutions - at least people
               | get a frame of reference to then see if the multiple is
               | worth the value of storing in the Filecoin system; and
               | with whatever risks may come with that.
        
             | boh wrote:
             | Just because something works doesn't make it a success (see
             | Betamax, laser disc, steam powered cars etc.).
        
               | koonsolo wrote:
               | I never claimed it was. Read back what I said.
        
               | ertian wrote:
               | Just because something doesn't work in the first attempt
               | doesn't mean it never will (see various attempts at
               | ecommerce, online news, streaming video, or just general
               | computer-network-for-the-masses attempts from the 80s and
               | early 90s).
        
               | boh wrote:
               | It does work, that's the problem. Because even though
               | it's working, few people are actually using it for
               | anything other than speculative trades (and its been
               | working for ~11 years).
        
               | koonsolo wrote:
               | The first electric car worked perfectly in 1890. 11 years
               | is nothing!
        
           | UShouldBWorking wrote:
           | I love that HN has been calling blockchain a failure for 10
           | years now. I wish that I could make heads or tails of your
           | arguments against it but you seem to just take the worst
           | aspects of it to make a point.
           | 
           | The killer app is cash, everything else is a distraction. I
           | think hn guys just happen to get paid a lot of money in a
           | stable fiat currency so the system works great for you.
           | Everyone else is looking for an alternative.
        
           | mirekrusin wrote:
           | I think it's being declared "failed technology" at least once
           | a month since inception, no?
        
             | boh wrote:
             | I mean it "works", but so do steam powered cars. The
             | problem is most people don't actually use it, just trade
             | it. The space used to mostly involve people who actually
             | wanted to decentralize currencies, now it's almost
             | exclusively "hodl $$$$$ to the moon etc". This article is
             | articulating what's been clear to many people who really
             | believed in the promise of decentralized currency: crypto
             | in its current iteration has essentially failed. Time to
             | try something else.
        
               | touristtam wrote:
               | Nevermind article like this one then:
               | https://thenextweb.com/hardfork/2019/05/03/jp-morgan-
               | microso...
        
               | boh wrote:
               | Exactly. Nevermind this article because Bitcoin and a
               | blockchain from JP Morgan have nothing in common (also
               | JP's enthusiasm for blockchains have been steadily waning
               | and their earlier attempts are already dead on the vine).
               | People have no interest in the tech, just gainz, bcs
               | blockchain finance, consensus, future, JP Morgan and
               | whatever word cloud pumpers want to use to get you
               | excited don't actually reflect realities. If you have so
               | much faith in the tech, start using it for real-world
               | transactions, which you can do right now. If you're just
               | hodling with some vague assumptions of moon money, you're
               | not supporting the actual purpose of crypto. But let's be
               | honest, most people aren't really supporting it or have
               | any interest in actually using it, that's why crypto has
               | been failing (even though it technically "works").
        
             | martin_a wrote:
             | Not sure, but we should act more like that then.
        
           | miedpo wrote:
           | I mean... there are a few.
           | 
           | Brave (the browser) uses blockchain in their privacy
           | protecting ad technology.
           | 
           | Skynet uses a blockchain to allow users to share their extra
           | computer storage space for a CDN.
           | 
           | And I'm sure there are a few others. It's just that the
           | amount of use cases send legitimate applications using them
           | are... limited. Most of the ones I'd consider valid uses have
           | a substance-full technical goal, like the two I mentioned
           | above.
        
             | martin_a wrote:
             | > Brave (the browser) uses blockchain in their privacy
             | protecting ad technology.
             | 
             | uBlock Origin works fine based on txt-files. Not sure how
             | blockchain could improve this.
        
               | TheMblabla wrote:
               | Iirc the idea behind brave is to create a sustainable
               | alternative to the ad/data collection of big tech. They
               | use blockchain to enable microtransactions for content.
        
               | martin_a wrote:
               | So, we are back to flattr, PayPal recurring payments or
               | whatnot again.
               | 
               | $localNewspaper not go through the hassle of dealing with
               | payments through blockchain technology.
        
           | baq wrote:
           | i guess the whole point of tracking containers on blockchain
           | was that you don't have to trust middlemen to do the right
           | thing anymore.
        
             | Lazare wrote:
             | I've read some detailed discussions from people in the
             | industry explaining how blockchains don't help. And I've
             | read some very high level, breezy assertions from people
             | outside the industry asserting that blockchains can help
             | (although they never spell out how, exactly).
             | 
             | As far as I can tell:
             | 
             | 1. There's a pretty big issue with containers having the
             | wrong contents (eg, counterfeit items loaded initially, or
             | contraband added during transit). Current solutions are
             | focused around physical security, seals, locks, etc., but
             | it's fairly easy to bypass and forge these physical
             | measures.
             | 
             | 2. There's no real issue with tracking containers. We don't
             | always know what's actually _in_ them, but we know really
             | well where they are and what 's _meant_ to be in them.
             | 
             | 3. There's some efforts to try and replace the electronic
             | systems for tracking where they are and what _should_ be in
             | them with blockchains. But as above, that 's the bit that's
             | currently working fine.
             | 
             | Not needing to trust middlemen is a good goal, I just don't
             | see how tracking containers on blockchains reduces my need
             | to trust middlemen. When Customs seizes the container at
             | the border and finds someone has added 100kg of cocaine to
             | the container, how does the blockchain prove who jimmied
             | the lock open and then replaced the tamper seals?
        
               | teus wrote:
               | This, a thousand times _this_!
               | 
               | I've worked in shipping for decades. There is no problem
               | with BOLs magically changing with no traceability (which
               | blockchain could solve, I guess, if that problem
               | existed?). There is no problem with checking that the
               | seal on a box at arrival is the same seal that was on the
               | box when it departed.
               | 
               | The only viable purpose I've heard for blockchain is
               | quasi-anonymous decentralized trust negotiation. This
               | purpose doesn't match any real-world use case in
               | shipping. A shipper doesn't want to ship product from an
               | anonymous untrusted producer and no carrier wants to
               | carry goods from an anonymous untrusted shipper.
               | 
               | Blockchain won't stop companies from misdeclaring
               | hazardous (but otherwise legal) goods[1], it won't stop
               | traffickers from misdeclaring illegal goods (or smuggling
               | illegal goods among legal goods)[2], it won't stop trucks
               | from running overweight[3], it won't stop ships from
               | being misloaded[4]...
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MV_Hyundai_Fortune
               | 
               | [2] https://www.freshplaza.com/article/9295962/cork-
               | cocaine-valu...
               | 
               | [3] this sort of thing doesn't usually make the news so I
               | don't have a link
               | 
               | [4] https://www.shippingandfreightresource.com/one-apus-
               | containe...
        
               | StavrosK wrote:
               | And, more importantly, a blockchain provides a
               | _trustless_ data store. Why can 't I just trust myself to
               | keep the data?
        
             | skywhopper wrote:
             | Are the middlemen competing with each other to change the
             | supply chain tracking information after it's been recorded
             | in a system over which the purchaser has no control? If so,
             | then maybe blockchain could help with that specific risk.
             | But it can do nothing to prevent middlemen from putting
             | fraudulent information into the record in the first place.
        
             | martin_a wrote:
             | "shit in, shit out" is still the working principle. I don't
             | see why the middlemen should make true statements, if
             | that's not in his interest after all. Instead he will just
             | enter wrong information, which will then become "correct"
             | information, "because it's on the blockchain!!11".
        
           | Gatsky wrote:
           | https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bhp-ironore-blockchain-
           | id...
        
             | robjan wrote:
             | The problem is that the purpose of the Blockchain is to
             | achieve distributed trustless consensus. Any time the
             | Blockchain interacts with the physical world you need to
             | introduce a centralised trusted entity (the oracle problem)
        
             | martin_a wrote:
             | > to digitise a sector that still uses millions of paper
             | documents
             | 
             | So, they now use blockchain where sending documents as a
             | PDF would have been sufficient...
             | 
             | I'm so proud!
             | 
             | edit: Read the article! That's truely their main selling
             | point. Formerly it was done on/with paper, now it's "on the
             | blockchain". This is another great example why we don't
             | need blockchain.
        
           | rubyfan wrote:
           | I think a big part of this is that old tech companies like
           | IBM, Oracle and probably every big management consulting
           | trying to hype the technology up. You see consultants
           | recommend taking on big challenges, sort of like snake oil
           | applying it to all kinds of nonsensical scenarios around
           | finance, insurance, supply chain, regulatory reporting, etc.
           | 
           | Contrary to general perception it's not a new data transfer
           | cure all that will actually solve problems of sharing data
           | between organizations. It also doesn't replace hard work
           | required to make a new industry standard. It's barely useful
           | in either of those but that's the common misconception I
           | usually hear from nontechnical people who seem to be excited
           | about blockchain.
           | 
           | Are we just trapped in a hype cycle that will inevitably end
           | or does Bitcoin growth spell forever renewing waves of hype?
        
         | Barrin92 wrote:
         | >Face it, there is no sexy killer app for the masses.
         | 
         | It's not only the volatility but also the inefficiency which is
         | the price that has to be paid for the decentralization. I
         | really have trouble coming up with an app where the constant
         | fees that have to be paid for actions are justified compared to
         | a centralized solution.
        
           | zionic wrote:
           | Decentralized uncensorable currency exchange is a real use
           | case that is live today. Billions in real value change hands
           | on DEXes run on ETH every day.
        
           | milansuk wrote:
           | > where the constant fees that have to be paid for actions
           | 
           | I agree, this has to change. I see Ethereum fees as the early
           | days of the internet when we paid for every freaking minute!
           | Today you can have high-speed internet with no bandwidth
           | limit with a fixed monthly fee. The only limit is maximum
           | download/upload speed and that's probably the key question:
           | What is "maximum speed" for Ethereum? Instead of paying for
           | every action, we would pay fixed daily/weekly/monthly fee,
           | but it would be limited by that "maximum speed".
        
         | mirekrusin wrote:
         | Can you give better examples of funding your idea to change the
         | internet/world/whatever? Taking aside if your idea is great or
         | dumb.
        
         | natmaka wrote:
         | > Building something useful on something that is primarily used
         | 
         | What is built on something often determines the way it is used.
        
         | dgellow wrote:
         | What about a voting system? That's the only application of a
         | public, decentralized ledger that can kind of makes sense to
         | me. I'm from Switzerland, every few months we have a public
         | voting for various changes to the federal or cantonal laws. I
         | currently do not have a way to be certain that my vote is taken
         | in account. With a public ledger I can check and be sure that
         | my vote is correct.
         | 
         | I'm generally opposed to software voting because I have a
         | complete distrust for such systems, but a public ledger
         | (preferably not based on proof of work, so not ethereum) has
         | interesting characteristics. And the price or inefficiency
         | isn't an issue in this context.
         | 
         | Edit: people commenting seem to misunderstand the proposition.
         | I'm perfectly aware of the privacy around voting and not
         | advocating against it. It should be possible to have a system
         | where your vote is registered publicly as a transaction between
         | your wallet and a "referendum" wallet, in that case unless you
         | have a way to link the public identity of a wallet to an
         | identity (meaning people would somehow leak their public
         | address somewhere) you do not have a way to know my vote. The
         | only thing you could know is the number of total votes and
         | their choice. You can of course generate a new wallet per
         | voting as a way to not have a history.
         | 
         | Edit 2: the plausibility deniability is a fair point, I
         | concede.
        
           | lopatin wrote:
           | A public ledger can be achieved without a blockchain right?
           | My understanding is that a ledger can guarantee that your
           | vote was counted, but it can't guarantee that all the other
           | votes are legitimate.
        
             | dgellow wrote:
             | That may be the case. My point was to say that there is at
             | least one potential application for a blockchain. But I'm
             | sure that's not the best way to approach the problem, just
             | a potential solution I could think of.
        
           | jlokier wrote:
           | > With a public ledger I can check and be sure that my vote
           | is correct
           | 
           | Any voting system with a public ledger where you can later
           | check your vote is a disaster for election integrity. It's
           | probably surprising, and certainly counter-intuitive, but
           | that's a vector for fraud.
           | 
           | That's why we have a long history of _secret_ ballots. And no
           | cameras in the voting booth.
           | 
           | From a comment a few weeks ago
           | (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25739051):
           | 
           | > you could look up your own vote and the votes of your
           | friends to confirm
           | 
           | You can't do that because visibility causes voting fraud.
           | 
           | By coercion. If votes can be checked by other people, a very
           | large number of people (enough to change the result) will be
           | forced under threat by someone else to "vote correctly".
           | 
           | The same happens if you can check your own vote, because any
           | mechanism that lets you do that can usually be used by
           | someone else - "give me your phone so I can check you voted
           | for X like I told you to" (while holding a gun).
           | 
           | That's why free & fair elections have secret ballots, without
           | personal identification on the ballots. To prevent coercion
           | fraud.
        
             | the_snooze wrote:
             | > And no cameras in the voting booth.
             | 
             | Even with cameras in the voting booth, voters still have
             | plausible deniability because they can spoil their marked
             | ballot (that they may have photographed) and request a
             | fresh blank one.
             | 
             | In-person paper voting is pretty much the best voting
             | method we have in terms of privacy, usability,
             | scrutability, and reliability.
        
             | px43 wrote:
             | First off, there have been many implementations of various
             | forms of secret ballots on Ethereum using zero knowledge
             | proofs. Mix and match your feature set of who can verify
             | what and when, and there's a zero knowledge scheme that can
             | do it.
             | 
             | Second, coercion has been rolled out as an excuse to
             | disenfranchise voters for ages with no evidence that it's a
             | real threat in the modern era. I live in Oregon, which has
             | been doing mail in voting since the 70s. People argue all
             | the time that mail in voting will lead to coercion, but it
             | has literally never happened in Oregon.
             | 
             | Also, voter rolls are public information. I like collecting
             | data, so I have voter rolls of most states, which often
             | allows me to look up name, home address, phone number, and
             | registered party of anyone who is registered to vote. A lot
             | of states even have parts of voting history publicly
             | available. It's super easy for any employer to figure out
             | what party any employee is in, and exactly which candidates
             | that they've donated money to, etc, yet coercion _still_
             | isn 't a thing.
             | 
             | If you look at the pure economics of coercion, it's pretty
             | obvious why it isn't a thing. It just doesn't scale. Every
             | person that gets added under a coercion scheme make it that
             | much more likely that the person running the scheme is
             | going to go to jail for the rest of their life. No one
             | cares so much about politics that they're going to throw
             | their life away for the potential of changing 5 or so
             | votes.
        
               | jlokier wrote:
               | > First off, there have been many implementations of
               | various forms of secret ballots on Ethereum using zero
               | knowledge proofs. Mix and match your feature set of who
               | can verify what and when, and there's a zero knowledge
               | scheme that can do it.
               | 
               | Yes, no problem with that. But the GP was arguing that
               | it's better if ballots are not secret. I think it's a
               | common misconception that if only all votes were open
               | they would be more democratic.
               | 
               | At a small scale, I've directly witnessed people who
               | decided not to vote on issues where their vote could be
               | figured out by others, saying they didn't want social
               | consequences of being seen to disagree. I've also known
               | people afraid to vote with their conscience due to
               | reprisals, and I do mean afraid.
               | 
               | > Second, coercion has been rolled out as an excuse to
               | disenfranchise voters for ages with no evidence that it's
               | a real threat in the modern era.
               | 
               | Good point. For the record, I'm pro mail-in voting too,
               | especially during a pandemic. I'm not impressed by those
               | who sought to disenfranchise votes in the USA this time
               | around by arguing that mail-in votes should not be
               | counted after they have been cast in good faith.
               | 
               | The mechanisms we use to protect vote integrity are meant
               | to be a "best we can do" while still allowing people a
               | reasonable way to actually vote. As soon as people are
               | _prevented_ from voting in the name of  "integrity",
               | that's not democracy any more.
               | 
               | Mail-in voting fraud has been found to a notable amount
               | in the UK, though not enough to swing a result. But it
               | did not come from individual homes. It's important to
               | have mechanisms in place to look for it, if only to
               | evaluate that it's not happening to a significant degree.
               | Monitoring mail-in vote integrity should be on the look
               | out for where ballots are posted from, and whether there
               | are collisions with multiple votes from the same persons.
               | If 10,000 votes are detected postmarked from the same
               | employer warehouse with the same handwriting, that's time
               | to be suspicious. When it's from 10,000 individual homes,
               | each marked in a different style, you can be much more
               | confident nobody has the capacity to go around every
               | household to make that happen.
               | 
               | However, back to the technical suggestion of a public
               | verifiable vote. If 10,000 people vote privately and then
               | someone they have a commercial relationship with asks for
               | proof they voted a particular way before they get a
               | discount or whatever, that swings it from "nobody can
               | visit every household" back to "systematic pressure is
               | realistic", and it's not democracy any more.
               | 
               | > It's super easy for any employer to figure out what
               | party any employee is in, and exactly which candidates
               | that they've donated money to, etc, yet coercion still
               | isn't a thing.
               | 
               | If people choose to announce their party affiliation,
               | that's something else. Nothing stops people choosing to
               | broadcast how they voted either. That's fine.
               | 
               | However in both cases, people are free to vote
               | differently in secret than whatever they are broadcasting
               | or socially going along with.
               | 
               | Polling data suggests there are plenty of people who are
               | reluctant to truthfully say how they vote, even when told
               | the polling is confidential. I'm sure there are people
               | who leave it implied among their social groups that they
               | lean one way, when in private they actually vote another
               | way.
        
               | mcherm wrote:
               | I'm a Judge of Elections in Pennsylvania, USA.
               | 
               | You write: > If people choose to announce their party
               | affiliation, that's something else.
               | 
               | In PA (as in most states) one's party affiliation is
               | public by law. In PA it's important because one can only
               | vote in the primary for the party one is registered as a
               | member of. (Voters who do not register an affiliation or
               | are affiliated with a third party simply aren't allowed
               | to vote during the primary.) So it's not really a case of
               | "choosing" to announce their affiliation.
               | 
               | Also, I know multiple individuals in my neighborhood who
               | have confided in me that they registered as members of
               | one party but preferred to vote for the other party. Why?
               | Because (at least historically) our county has a long
               | history of being run by a single party and (to quote my
               | neighbor), "If you are a member of the wrong party your
               | trash won't get picked up."
               | 
               | The secret ballot really DOES prevent certain abuses.
        
               | jdmichal wrote:
               | To be fair, even if you register for the opposing party,
               | helping to choose the opponent is still useful. I've
               | considered such plays before.
        
               | jlokier wrote:
               | I must admit, the notion of being "in" a party in a way
               | an employer can easily check, or party affiliation that
               | is legally registered, is outside my experience. By
               | affiliation I meant only the party a person tells other
               | people they support, in a non-binding social sense. I'm
               | not in the USA.
               | 
               | I agree, where affiliation with a party has greater
               | meaning and consequences, and is practically required for
               | access to ordinary local services, the secret ballot is
               | even more important.
               | 
               | That neighbourhood is a great example.
               | 
               | I'm disappointed, really, that in 21st century USA those
               | people are still disenfranchised by local politics from
               | voting in the primary of the party they actually support.
               | But presumably there are good reasons for legal
               | registration.
        
             | dmichulke wrote:
             | Isn't this more about whom I trust less, the politicians or
             | a third party (that might as well be the politicians)?
             | 
             | If so, why is it in the state's power to decree that we
             | have to trust the politicians but not the 3rd parties?
        
               | jlokier wrote:
               | No it is isn't. Secret ballots aren't about whether you
               | trust those administering the election, although that's a
               | factor.
               | 
               | They are to let you vote as you privately decide with
               | safety from _everyone_ who has an interest in the vote,
               | whether that 's third parties, your boss, insurance
               | company, local mafia, etc., or the state.
               | 
               | The state's role, in a democracy, is to ensure state-
               | level elections take place with the various ingredients
               | that ensure it has high integrity. That requires a lot of
               | things; a lot of resources, making sure everyone knows
               | about it, making it clear the result will be respected by
               | the state itself, acting as a coordination point with
               | some kind of authority so that people will tend to
               | respect that an election actually took place.
               | 
               | If you have a third party available who can do that, by
               | all means go for it, but generally you don't have one,
               | and if you did you would start calling it the state.
               | 
               | However, in a democracy the electoral process should be
               | administered as separately as possible from the
               | politicians of the day. Politicians of the day should not
               | be getting much involved, other than to ensure it takes
               | place with all the usual resources.
               | 
               | Note that "the state" and "the politicians" are not the
               | same thing in a democracy. The state consists of multiple
               | institutions, many of which do not particularly trust
               | politicians either.
               | 
               | The people most directly involved in actually running it
               | should demonstrate a commitment to the integrity of the
               | election itself foremost, ahead of their personal
               | political views. On the principle that democracy itself
               | is more valuable than winning any particular election,
               | while still being drawn fairly from a range of people.
               | But they should be observed (without interference) at
               | multiple levels by representatives of different political
               | groups.
               | 
               | Making a combination of people, systems and motivations
               | to achieve integrity is the art of institution building
               | (and maintenance), an electoral commission or something
               | like that. Its independence from politicians of the day
               | is one of its key features.
               | 
               | Regardless of who runs it and who you trust, you still
               | need secret ballots to ensure integrity of the result.
        
             | dgellow wrote:
             | Isn't that already a risk though? I vote remotely by mail,
             | you could coerce me to vote for something specific and even
             | send the mail yourself if you want to be sure.
        
               | mytherin wrote:
               | There is a difference between active coercion (someone
               | goes to your house and forces you with a gun to vote
               | their way) and passive coercion (if you vote for X in 20
               | years time your vote might be considered inappropriate
               | and you will be fired from your job).
        
               | sigmaprimus wrote:
               | What about if in 20 years your social media comment was
               | considered inappropriate? For this example let's say it
               | was in a "private" forum but political in nature, would
               | that also be an act of passive coercion to silence a
               | political viewpoint?
               | 
               | Eg: We need to make a list of all his enablers before
               | they delete their posts...
        
           | irjustin wrote:
           | I'm against doing electronic voting and tracking [0]. Others
           | have commented on the tracking/anonymous issues, so I'll
           | leave that.
           | 
           | Make the whole system as hard as possible to manipulate by
           | involving a lot of people who distrust the person they're
           | working with.
           | 
           | There is a tiny chance your personal vote will get lost in
           | all the paper handling, but you can be assured that the
           | system is a lot harder to manipulate simply because of the
           | sheer number of people involved.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LkH2r-sNjQs
        
           | probably_wrong wrote:
           | The main problem as I see it is that such a system would be
           | completely inaccessible to anyone who is not a software
           | developer.
           | 
           | With a paper-based system, all you need to understand is that
           | your paper goes into a box and someone counts it later on.
           | Everyone understands every step, including the steps required
           | to secure that box. But once you require people to understand
           | blockchain you are putting the intregrity of the election in
           | the hands of a privileged elite.
        
             | charcircuit wrote:
             | I don't understand that system. I drop off a sealed ballot
             | in a ballot box and then that's it. I just have to trust
             | that the system works. I have to way to prove that my vote
             | was counted. I have no way to count the votes for. I don't
             | understand the process behind how my votes get counted and
             | it would be fine if people didn't understand how
             | blockchains work.
        
               | OldHand2018 wrote:
               | If you want to understand how your local elections work,
               | just go volunteer when they ask for volunteers.
        
             | crispyambulance wrote:
             | > But once you require people to understand blockchain you
             | are putting the integrity of the election in the hands of a
             | privileged elite.
             | 
             | I would say, even worse, we would have to require people to
             | TRUST a system that uses blockchain in addition to
             | understanding it. The fact that in some thin layer of a
             | gigantic inscrutable system there's a mathematically
             | irrefutable "truth" does NOT make people feel better about
             | it.
             | 
             | Trust is NOT a mathematical concept.
             | 
             | In any case for blockchain to ever take off in common
             | usage, it's going to have to overcome its association with
             | scammy cryptocurrency schemes. That's going to be a while!
        
             | the_snooze wrote:
             | It's sad so many technically-minded people fail to account
             | for this when it comes to trust, especially in the context
             | of voting. You can't get people to trust a system by
             | cloaking it in cryptographic black magic. It has to be
             | scrutable to the people participating in it, especially the
             | voters and volunteer poll workers who most closely interact
             | with it.
        
             | dgellow wrote:
             | Yes, that's a very good point and another reason I
             | personally advocate for paper ballots. But you can also see
             | it the other way: anyone can learn how to check their entry
             | in the ledger, that takes time but it's not some rocket
             | science. That can be democratized in a way paper ballot
             | cannot be as it requires a huge amount of people and has an
             | important cost for the community.
        
           | joshspankit wrote:
           | What about government spending? All the way from taking taxes
           | to paying vendors. _Including_ the spending of all
           | politicians. (Minus a reasonable "dark fund" for military and
           | whatnot simply because it can be important to hide your cards
           | from other countries)
           | 
           | If citizens can see exactly where their dollars go it could
           | make corruption very difficult and lead citizens to be far
           | more engaged in their democracies.
        
             | Synaesthesia wrote:
             | We could do that without bitcoin. Lot of things we can do,
             | like make democracy more direct by allowing people to vote
             | on issues from an app on their phone. The technology is
             | there.
        
             | benhurmarcel wrote:
             | The difficulty with that is getting trusted information
             | published, not storing it in a secured manner.
        
               | joshspankit wrote:
               | If citizens paid in COUNTRYCOIN (publicly-visible
               | blockchain-based currency), all spending was done in
               | COUNTRYCOIN, and all government loans (in or out) were in
               | COUNTRYCOIN, then trusted information would be integral
               | to the whole system.
               | 
               | Yes a contractor could still charge $10k for a hammer,
               | but citizens would uncover that almost immediately.
        
             | rmah wrote:
             | You can see where your tax dollars go now (except for the
             | classified items, but even there you can see the totals).
             | You can get detailed breakdowns of nearly everything,
             | including salaries. For example, you can see every NYC
             | employee salary here https://www.seethroughny.net/payrolls.
             | If you want, you can scroll through the massive list of
             | federal, state, local gov contracts on a variety of
             | websites today. For example, Florida state gov contracts
             | https://www.dms.myflorida.com/contract_search
             | 
             | But the fact is, (almost) no one really cares. Many people
             | want to believe they would care, but they don't really.
             | Either way, knowing what's being spent where only makes
             | corruption marginally more difficult. It certainly doesn't
             | lead citizens to be any more engaged. We know this because
             | what you want is already here and it has solved precisely
             | nothing (IMO).
        
               | joshspankit wrote:
               | Very solid points.
               | 
               | I personally think the engagement part would come instead
               | from "My $5000 in tax went through the system and was
               | eventually spent on a federal initiative I don't agree
               | with" (or since it's all granular: "only $13 of that
               | $5000 went to anything that benefits my community?"). No,
               | I'm not saying that everyone will care, but I think that
               | _more_ people will care.
        
               | jdmichal wrote:
               | I live in Florida, so they only non-federal tax I pay is
               | property tax. (Excluding sales taxes, of course.) Every
               | year, I get a full breakdown of exactly what mils go
               | where with the bill. I bet we would have something
               | similar at the federal level by now, except that stupidly
               | we have to do the whole "guess the number I'm think of"
               | game with the IRS instead of them sending a bill.
        
           | 1337shadow wrote:
           | > I currently do not have a way to be certain that my vote is
           | taken in account.
           | 
           | That is something we do a lot of R&D on @Electis, along with
           | the fine fellows from InfernoRed, Microsoft and others.
           | Because the value of an election is the thrust that voters
           | have in it!
           | 
           | It is part of what the homomorphic encryption protocol we use
           | (electionguard) aims at solving. Your ballot is encrypted
           | with a joint public key, and all the "artifacts" of the
           | election are published after it closes. You can verify that
           | your encrypted ballot is present in the artifacts, and that
           | the whole artifacts archive verifies mathematically.
           | 
           | https://www.electionguard.vote/ https://electionguard-
           | python.readthedocs.io/ https://www.electis.io/
           | https://electeez.com/
        
             | dgellow wrote:
             | That's great, thanks for sharing. That could be its own HN
             | submission!
        
           | the-smug-one wrote:
           | That destroys plausible deniability, no? How would that
           | system work?
        
           | moomin wrote:
           | This may surprise you, but most voting systems make
           | verification hard deliberately. If you can check your vote at
           | home, others can verify your vote as well, which means you've
           | lost the advantages of a secret ballot.
        
             | dgellow wrote:
             | You can only know my vote if you have a way to associate an
             | address with an identity. Unless that's the case, you may
             | be able to check the set of votes, but that's it.
        
               | Nullabillity wrote:
               | Whoever forces you to vote a certain way can force you to
               | reveal your address too.
        
               | dgellow wrote:
               | Fair point
        
               | KallDrexx wrote:
               | Maybe I'm missing something, but I think the original
               | point is that blockchain will help the voting process by
               | providing the transparency and verification in the
               | process. And part of that is everyone being able to see
               | that yes the winner won because we can see every vote and
               | clearly see who won.
               | 
               | However, that doesn't help unless you know that every
               | vote was a legitimate and _eligible_ vote. How do you
               | know the votes are legitimate and eligible if the address
               | is anonymous? You need some system to either publicly
               | identify each address or you need a central authority
               | saying which addresses are allowed to vote.
               | 
               | The latter goes right back to the situation we are in
               | today and the blockchain becomes no more useful than a
               | centralized database, because we are still reliant on the
               | centralized authority to tell us how many valid votes
               | mattered.
        
               | dgellow wrote:
               | You have a list of citizens, their personal information
               | are stored in your country databases. They have a unique
               | key pair assigned at some point during their life (let's
               | call it Citizen Key, may be paired to a Citizen ID or
               | something like this).
               | 
               | There is a new voting event, each citizen can now create
               | a voting wallet using their Citizen Key then vote on the
               | various motions by sending a transaction to a destination
               | wallet created for this event.
               | 
               | At the end of the voting event, the votes are counted and
               | no transaction can be send to the destination wallet.
               | 
               | You do have a central authority, it's the country (or
               | state). Only citizens can vote, and only citizens have a
               | valid set of keys.
               | 
               | The benefits is that anyone voting or people who want to
               | verify the voting numbers can do, and without having to
               | trust the software managing the database (I mean, you of
               | course have to trust the blockchain itself...).
        
               | willis936 wrote:
               | Address records are very much not considered private.
               | Yellow pages only stopped being printed in 2019. The
               | information is still accessible.
        
               | dgellow wrote:
               | By "address" I meant a wallet address on the blockchain.
        
               | Majromax wrote:
               | > You can only know my vote if you have a way to
               | associate an address with an identity.
               | 
               | A secret ballot makes it impossible to verify votes _even
               | with collusion_ between the voter and interested party.
               | That makes vote-purchasing infeasible, since I could take
               | money to vote for you and still defect at the secret
               | ballot box.
               | 
               | A cryptographically-secure secret ballot in this threat
               | model would need to provide the voter with a valid zero-
               | knowledge proof for their actual vote and an imposter
               | zero-knowledge proof for their alternative vote.
               | Something like "if I input A into the system, then it
               | counted vote X; if I input B then it counted vote Y,"
               | with A/B remaining private to the voter.
        
         | loceng wrote:
         | That "for some reason" is that's obvious abd straight forward
         | to anyone being honest and not trying to push propaganda is
         | that Bitcoin, and other blockchains structures like it, are MLM
         | schemes - and that it's decentralized and on a global scale is
         | why it's been able to pick up so much energy - aligning people
         | and industrial complexes globally to bring it mainstream.
         | 
         | Design a blockchain system where it's agreed upon consensus and
         | use/adoption is voluntary through democratically elected
         | processes (save regulatory capture), and we'll have a good
         | system that's not unnecessarily and unreasonably transferring
         | wealth from later adopters to earlier adopters. You won't be
         | able to make a fortune on it by buying it and pumping it to
         | make its value goes up, nor will you be able to make money
         | selling shovels to desperate or greedy or gullible people once
         | they catch wind of the "gold rush."
         | 
         | The one major benefit of all if this craziness is that the
         | flood of money into blockchains has meant technology
         | development and many more engineers with experience; whether
         | there are engineers who'd work on non-Pyramid/MLM-Ponzi scheme
         | blockchains though, if they're financially incentivized/aligned
         | with Bitcoin et al, that's TBD.
        
           | louwrentius wrote:
           | Can you point to a legitimate problem that "blockchain" can
           | solve, which can't be solved with existing tools?
           | 
           | I think every smart person working on any kind of blockchain-
           | related tech is seriously wasting their talent and life.
        
             | loceng wrote:
             | There may be existing tools that are foolproof that can
             | provide an immutable ledger, I'm unsure if that's fully
             | possible otherwise, however having all transactions and
             | changes to said system being public would prevent things
             | like nations printing money without reporting it accurately
             | - helping to make sure everyone's playing a fair game;
             | using such a ledger would have to be voluntary, with
             | nations who are aligned with similar values.
             | 
             | Edit to add: This may in fact be the only important use
             | case for blockchain, where nations under different groups
             | of democratic-based control, agree to use the same
             | blockchain - so they can all know no one else is cheating
             | the system. The transparency could allow public, peer
             | analysis of transactions as well - and who knows what
             | insights or protections-security could come from having
             | that crowdsourced witnessing occurring; perhaps
             | distributing the mining amongst the citizens of each nation
             | as well, if deemed necessary as a safeguard.
             | 
             | Serendipitously, this was just posted to HN: "Data
             | Immutability, Verifiability and Integrity Without the
             | Blockchain Overhead" -
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26221324
        
               | louwrentius wrote:
               | You are trying to solve a problem that is a feature.
               | Printing money is a feature to keep our societies afloat
               | during dark times.
               | 
               | It is one of the tools to keep a currency stable.
               | 
               | Not to say that there aren't serious problems in the fin-
               | tech world, but immutable ledgers and rigid currencies
               | aren't going to solve those.
               | 
               | The key problem - and your post is yet another example -
               | is that you can't replace trust with an immutable ledger.
               | 
               | https://www.schneier.com/essays/archives/2019/02/theres_n
               | o_g...
               | 
               | The real problem - in my view - is that people don't
               | understand the foundations of a society anymore, how to
               | live together.
        
             | ccortes wrote:
             | > Can you point to a legitimate problem that "blockchain"
             | can solve, which can't be solved with existing tools?
             | 
             | I will never understand this. The vast majority of problems
             | have more than one solution, most of the time is just about
             | solving something in a (much) better way.
             | 
             | If the bar for something to exist is "solve a problem that
             | can't be solved with existing tools" then 99% of startups
             | wouldn't exist.
        
               | louwrentius wrote:
               | I think you misinterpret my statement.
               | 
               | Just as you have just a finite set of notes on a piano,
               | you can create infinite music.
               | 
               | And even if IT has a finite set of regular tools like SQL
               | databases, programming languages and protocols, it's the
               | thing you create with that, what counts.
               | 
               | Blockchain is a tool that does nothing better than
               | existing tools.
               | 
               | Blockchain is a solution to a problem nobody has.
        
               | ccortes wrote:
               | I don't know if you'd count it as a blockchain solution
               | but I constantly use crypto to send money to my family
               | and it's the best solution that I've found.
               | 
               | And yes, I now about transferwise, paypal, swift, etc.
               | And using crypto is faster and cheaper.
        
               | Karunamon wrote:
               | I call maximum shenanigans on "cheaper" unless you're
               | sending large amounts of money.
               | 
               | Bitcoin: ~$25
               | 
               | Ethereum (and all tokens): ~$17
               | 
               | For comparison, to burn that much in fees on Paypal (2.5%
               | + 30c), I'd need to send around 10K.
               | 
               | Crypto is currently pointless for anything other than big
               | transactions, and the unpredictability of the transaction
               | fees, let alone the coin's value, is a big problem.
        
               | ccortes wrote:
               | There's more than just bitcoin and ethereum
        
               | Karunamon wrote:
               | Not that have any kind of mainstream usage.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | What are the tax implications for the receiving side?
        
             | ClumsyPilot wrote:
             | Can you point to a legitimate problem that "whatsapp"
             | solved that could not be solved with existing tools?
             | 
             | Between SMS, MMS, 'normal' calls and Skype, whatsapp added
             | nothing technically new to the world.
        
               | louwrentius wrote:
               | Whatsapp was cross platform and free.
        
             | mirekrusin wrote:
             | System that can't be shut down by governments?
        
               | louwrentius wrote:
               | You mean that government that just shuts down internet,
               | making your 'system' totally useless?
               | 
               | Yes, right!
               | 
               | You can't fix societal problems with tech.
        
               | dgellow wrote:
               | Something to consider: shutting down the internet is very
               | expensive for a government and is likely to results in
               | social unrest and have a lot of other negative side
               | effects.
        
               | louwrentius wrote:
               | For first-world countries yes, but we see second and
               | third world countries do it all the time.
        
               | dgellow wrote:
               | And that damages their reputation, creates social unrest,
               | makes it difficult to do business from there, etc. I just
               | want to say that yes, you can shut down the internet but
               | that's already a quite high bar if that's the only way a
               | government can stop a system.
        
               | robjan wrote:
               | It seems that the people who need it the most are least
               | likely to gain utility from it.
        
               | mirekrusin wrote:
               | Yes you can, access to free information and finance
               | should be a human right. Just like cash can be used by
               | anyone, so electronic cash should be.
        
               | louwrentius wrote:
               | Cryptocurrencies and blockchain were never really about
               | human rights.
               | 
               | It's all about making a quick buck. If that's at the
               | expense of other people or our environment, who gives a
               | fuck right?
        
         | drcode wrote:
         | The alternative is building on AWS or whatever, where a big
         | company can just decide arbitrarily to kill your startup at any
         | arbitrary moment by shutting down your access, or confiscating
         | your funds.
         | 
         | This happens all the time.
        
         | payne92 wrote:
         | There is a killer app for crypto: international money
         | laundering and untraceable transfers.
        
           | ed25519FUUU wrote:
           | Crypto transfers are the opposite of untraceable. I'm not
           | sure why that sentiment is so prevalent.
        
         | duckfang wrote:
         | The hardest pill to swallow is that we already had a very low
         | cost of moving money around between hostile nation-states. And
         | it's been around since the 8th century - read 700ACE-800ACE.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawala
         | 
         | Its money dealer to money dealer, and the money dealers keep
         | scrips. Average fees are from 0.2% to 0.5% . It's definitely
         | un-sexy since its not technology based. No chains of blocks or
         | programmers needed. Fees are low, so the money transferrers can
         | make a living, but not allow speculation or other hazardous
         | acts.
         | 
         | And the only reason why it's not more massively used is because
         | of the US's adherence that it's "terrorism".
         | 
         | I'd imagine that the terrorism angle is more of a "allows
         | people to ignore central banks ran by USA and Europe"... as the
         | US didn't much care when HSBC was financing drug cartels,
         | terrorists, and the like (
         | https://www.forbes.com/sites/afontevecchia/2012/07/16/hsbc-h...
         | )
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | >And the only reason why it's not more massively used is
           | because of the US's adherence that it's "terrorism".
           | 
           | I don't think so. A system with clear record keeping,
           | auditable by third parties, and subject to the judiciary is
           | far better than below:
           | 
           | > Trust and extensive use of connections are the components
           | that distinguish it from other remittance systems. Hawaladar
           | networks are often based on membership in the same family,
           | village, clan, or ethnic group, and cheating is punished by
           | effective excommunication and "loss of honour"--leading to
           | severe economic hardship.[3]
           | 
           | Technology has obviated the need for unnecessary levels of
           | allegiance to your tribe, as required in the above system.
        
             | duckfang wrote:
             | > I don't think so. A system with clear record keeping,
             | auditable by third parties, and subject to the judiciary is
             | far better than below:
             | 
             | And we've learned that record-keeping has its own very
             | strong negative side. It alone can establish ties between
             | people, and serve to eliminate privacy all in the names of
             | "transparency". (And I can hear it now too - "Why want
             | privacy if you have done nothing wrong?"). I think we're
             | only at the beginning of crypto-fraud arrests, because the
             | ledger is the log - and that's a liability.
             | 
             | And the auditability is primarily a governmental
             | requirement, usually based around fraud, financing
             | terrorists, or the like. If cheating occurs, the
             | excommunication from the network is the punishment - you
             | are removed from your position of power. And frankly, we
             | can look at our systems of how auditability doesnt stop the
             | various failure modes: blatant financing of terrorism/HBSC,
             | billions of $ transferred away from citizens with usurious
             | fines, overleveraging finance side affecting savings/loan.
             | In the end, auditability is just a way to assign blame. And
             | that blame is never directed towards those at the top who
             | manufacture and use illegal techniques - it is used to
             | blame the rank and file; the cashier, the teller, the
             | engineer, the low middle manager.
             | 
             | And subject to the judiciary is an interesting case you
             | bring up... Because transfers in (I believe) all
             | cryptocurrency is not subject to the judiciary. And in many
             | more popular cryptosystems, that is seen as a strong anti-
             | government bonus, and not a malus. And
             | 
             | Point being, is that the Hawala is the last millenium's
             | Bitcoin.. And when compared to BTC or ETH now, is still
             | strictly better. (And we haven't discussed the barrier to
             | entry, wasted electrical power, e-waste, etc.)
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | >And we've learned that record-keeping has its own very
               | strong negative side. It alone can establish ties between
               | people, and serve to eliminate privacy all in the names
               | of "transparency".
               | 
               | Hawala people can establish ties too, unless they are
               | somehow incorruptible. And electronic money transfer
               | systems and SWIFT and whatnot aren't perfect, but my
               | contention is they are more preferable to almost all
               | people than Hawala. I am aware of the corruption with
               | regards to HSBC, but I can't agree with
               | 
               | >billions of $ transferred away from citizens with
               | usurious fines, overleveraging finance side affecting
               | savings/loan
               | 
               | Keeping funds secure and moving money has never been so
               | easy and so cheap for almost all people. Yes, you can get
               | screwed if the government deems you a terrorist, and a
               | more distributed system like Hawala might be more
               | resilient to that kind of attack, but there's other costs
               | to Hawala that the current system doesn't have.
               | 
               | >Point being, is that the Hawala is the last millenium's
               | Bitcoin.. And when compared to BTC or ETH now, is still
               | strictly better. (And we haven't discussed the barrier to
               | entry, wasted electrical power, e-waste, etc.)
               | 
               | I can't comment on this since I don't know enough about
               | BTC or ETH or Hawala.
        
             | iso8859-1 wrote:
             | Technology doesn't imply a good civil society (where you
             | can, on average, trust people. Aka "social capital").
             | 
             | But does technology imply social capital? I don't think so.
             | 
             | So if you set up the dichotomy, and had to choose, I'd
             | choose "social capital" every time.
             | 
             | I know, you didn't use this phrasing. But when I read
             | "allegiance to your tribe", what does that even mean? If
             | you're American and you support your troops, isn't that
             | "allegiance to your tribe"?
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Technology removes the need for middlemen, and hence any
               | trust needed for the middlemen.
               | 
               | Allegiance to the tribe means following the
               | customs/social ordering/rules of the tribe. For example,
               | how well would a gay/non religious/etc person fare in
               | tribes that don't believe in civil liberties?
        
               | duckfang wrote:
               | > Technology removes the need for middlemen, and hence
               | any trust needed for the middlemen.
               | 
               | Unfortunately, I see what happens when 'We' use
               | technology to remove middlemen...
               | 
               | Apple: https://www.macrumors.com/2021/01/02/amphetamine-
               | app-store-r...
               | 
               | Google: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22348568
               | 
               | (person 17h ago on HN talking about google acct ban
               | remediation https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26218795
               | )
               | 
               | https://www.businessinsider.com/google-users-locked-out-
               | afte...
               | 
               | That's what technology has gotten us. Accounts get closed
               | down due to automated systems. Something gets flagged as
               | "fraud" and you lose access/money. Your previous business
               | selling apps gets cancelled when your app is deregistered
               | and removed.
               | 
               | At least, the recourse is "Complain on HN or Twitter".
               | Worst case is you file a lawsuit against a multi-billion
               | dollar company (hah!).
               | 
               | Now, what do you do to file a dispute against Ethereum or
               | Bitcoin? Well, nobody. There is no clearinghouse and no
               | masters - that's the selling point! But what about fraud
               | or likewise? Too bad, so sad.
               | 
               | With the hawaladars, their word, ethics, and livelihood
               | is on the line. You have a real human who can handle the
               | squishy and nigh-unautmatable parts. And they can talk
               | with the person trying to transfer money in case there is
               | problems unforseen.
               | 
               | > Allegiance to the tribe means following the
               | customs/social ordering/rules of the tribe.
               | 
               | Well, yes.
               | 
               | > For example, how well would a gay/non religious/etc
               | person fare in tribes that don't believe in civil
               | liberties?
               | 
               | But this seems like a veiled way to attack a way of
               | moving money around solely because the name is Islamic.
               | And hate crimes happen nearly everywhere. And there was
               | the Kentucky county clerk who refused to sign marriage
               | certificates because a couple was gay.... And unlike the
               | hawaladars whom you can go to a different one, these
               | people in the county had no such choice.
               | 
               | It's easy to set up a strawman that someone may not
               | support your beliefs, but it's a false narrative to think
               | that only those people do it.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | >That's what technology has gotten us. Accounts get
               | closed down due to automated systems. Something gets
               | flagged as "fraud" and you lose access/money. Your
               | previous business selling apps gets cancelled when your
               | app is deregistered and removed.
               | 
               | Automated solutions do not preclude having human
               | reviewers, and I do not think it's unreasonable for the
               | government to step in and mandate quality (such as
               | subjecting the automated solutions to a small claims
               | court style jurisdiction).
               | 
               | >With the hawaladars, their word, ethics, and livelihood
               | is on the line. You have a real human who can handle the
               | squishy and nigh-unautmatable parts. And they can talk
               | with the person trying to transfer money in case there is
               | problems unforseen.
               | 
               | While there's plusses, there's also minuses. What happens
               | when something goes wrong with a $100M+ transaction? What
               | happens if your hawaladar or the other one burns you?
               | There's 7B+ people in the world, eventually some
               | organization to manage reputation will develop, maybe
               | even by the hawaladars themselves, and you end up back
               | where you started.
               | 
               | >But this seems like a veiled way to attack a way of
               | moving money around solely because the name is Islamic.
               | 
               | I specifically wrote "etc" so I didn't have to specify
               | each and every instance of discrimination, and my example
               | of "gay" would certainly include the KY county clerk, so
               | I don't see how you could claim I was attacking an
               | Islamic concept because it's Islamic.
               | 
               | I'm not even attacking it, it's a perfectly valid way for
               | transactions to work. In fact, my family has done it
               | many, many times when they immigrated and they did it
               | between various African countries, UK, USA, AUS, NZ. But
               | that was during a time when transferring money was more
               | costly and they didn't have another option. Now they
               | might choose to use transferwise.
        
           | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
           | Cryptocurrencies can take the role of a settlement network
           | between the money dealers. This allows money dealers who
           | either don't fully trust each other, or simply need to settle
           | debt internationally because the transaction flow is
           | asymmetric, to make these transactions.
           | 
           | It also allows for a new kind of system where the money
           | dealers act as access points to the network, and customers
           | trust their local money dealer, but you don't need trust
           | connections between the money dealers: If I want to send
           | money to you from my remote village to yours, I ask you which
           | money dealer you trust, go to my trusted money dealer, give
           | him cash, and tell him that it is to go to your trusted money
           | dealer.
           | 
           | The two money dealers don't have to trust each other for the
           | transaction to work, and the transactions are much harder to
           | disrupt than classic banking transactions.
        
           | lifeisstillgood wrote:
           | Kinda ...
           | 
           | Far more likely that money dealers held powerful positions,
           | ensuring some very conservative social constructs stayed in
           | place. People just routed around this by using "modern"
           | technology.
           | 
           | And so the percentage of legitimate uses of the system
           | dwindle, and the percentage of less legitimate increase till
           | at some point you are no longer a useful social service but a
           | money launderer for criminals who occasionally helps the
           | diaspora send money home.
        
         | bookmarkable wrote:
         | This is really short sighted thinking. The web had no "killer
         | app" in the first 10+ years. It was obscure technology with
         | thousands of naysayers laughing at us "web nerds" because we
         | thought it would change everything.
         | 
         | Cryptocurrency is very young. While its hard to say if BTC or
         | ETH or something yet to be invented will be part of the digital
         | money future, it is absolutely reasonable to expect this
         | technology will have a role in the world. Of course people will
         | make and lose "quick dough" but that's like saying the web
         | failed because some idiot made or lost money on Pets.com or AOL
         | stock.
         | 
         | Trade volume just means that the idea is in circulation, people
         | of many walks of life are seeing what is there. Feel free to
         | ignore those people, but to write off the entire concept as
         | "about making quick dough" is asinine.
        
           | shuckles wrote:
           | Bloomberg and Wired went online 4 years after the invention
           | of the World Wide Web. In the first ten years, Amazon, eBay,
           | Google, and PayPal were all founded. Technology adoption
           | curves have only gotten steeper since then (e.g.
           | iPhone/Android was basically the dominant consumer computing
           | platform 10 years after its introduction).
        
           | rprasad wrote:
           | The web was officially launched in 1990. The web's killer app
           | was information exchange, and it was used for that purpose
           | _even before_ the web existed; see for example Compuserve,
           | AOL, Usenet, the academic webs between universities that
           | predated the  "Internet."
           | 
           | Amazon launched in 1994. Ebay 1995. Netflix 1997. Google
           | 1998.
           | 
           | In contrast, 10+ years on, and cryptocurrency still hasn't
           | demonstrated a compelling use case beyond money laundering
           | and collecting ransom payments. If anything, the one thing
           | crytocurrency has demonstrated is how flexible and resilient
           | our _existing old school_ financial system is.
        
         | Taylor_OD wrote:
         | The crypto killer app is using the money to buy illegal drugs.
         | It always has been. Most of the people I knew who were into
         | crypto early used it to buy weed online, not as an investment.
        
           | jcpham2 wrote:
           | Mining/Trading BTC over the counter since 2011.
           | 
           | I've never used a darknet market.
           | 
           | I read an article on slashdot in 2011 called "Bitcoin Mining
           | for fun and profit" I bought a graphics card, it paid itself
           | off in 21 days.
           | 
           | I bought 12 more graphics cards and sucked down 3kW for 24
           | months.
           | 
           | I do not regret this and every single person here that
           | doesn't understand proof of work, doesn't understand a
           | deflating asset with 8 (10 million) decimal places of trading
           | precision against fiat currencies with only 2 decimal
           | places...
           | 
           | Well I can't help people on the internet do math and make
           | money, no one pays me to do that.
        
             | Taylor_OD wrote:
             | I don't think one could claim mining bitcoin is the killer
             | app of bitcoin. That's a reason why people would support
             | bitcoin.
        
           | fullshark wrote:
           | Don't forget ransomware payoffs
        
           | UShouldBWorking wrote:
           | Exactly it is cash, as the the white paper says. Everything
           | else is a distraction.
        
           | diego_moita wrote:
           | > The crypto killer app is using the money to buy illegal
           | drugs.
           | 
           | Meeh! Not even that, anymore.
           | 
           | In Brazil there was a brief moment in 2014 when you could buy
           | marijuana and cocaine with bitcoins. But now, with all this
           | volatility, transfer costs and low liquidity, not even drug
           | dealers want crypto currency.
        
         | paulintrognon wrote:
         | Isn't cryptocurrencies used all over the Darknet ? I know that
         | is not "the masses" but it is still a non-negligeable usage
         | which is unlikely to stop, no?
        
       | questionmania wrote:
       | Check Cosmos(Tendermint).
        
       | sonkol wrote:
       | Around 2015 Vitalik Buterin was one of the few crypto geniuses
       | and leaders. For many years the Ethereum project leaders promised
       | ETH 2 to solve some of the issues pointed in the article but they
       | never delivered. It is understandable that they never delivered
       | because there was a lot of complexity involved in improving
       | permissionless blockchains BUT seeing a new wave of blockchains
       | with good foundations makes one think they never delivered
       | because they have not tried enough. Vitalik and his troop have
       | enough financial resources to stimulate or hire top blockchain
       | researchers from top universities around the world. It seems like
       | they never pushed hard to move Ethereum. With enough resources
       | you should think like you are doing the Manhattan or Apollo 11
       | projects.
        
         | akudha wrote:
         | _seeing a new wave of blockchains with good foundations_
         | 
         | Can you name a few? I don't know much about this space, just
         | curious
        
           | sonkol wrote:
           | > Can you name a few?
           | 
           | Yes, sure: Avalanche [1], Algorand [2], Solana [3], DFINITY
           | [4], Conflux [5]
           | 
           | [1] https://www.avalabs.org/
           | 
           | [2] https://algorand.foundation/
           | 
           | [3] https://solana.com/
           | 
           | [4] https://dfinity.org/
           | 
           | [5] https://confluxnetwork.org/
        
       | rawbot wrote:
       | I still hold firm to my belief that, whatever the initial
       | intentions the idea of cryptocurrency had, since 5 or 6 years
       | ago, cryptocurrencies are the MLM of the tech world.
       | 
       | I even knew a few non-techies acquaintances that almost got roped
       | into it (in the figure of thousands of USD) with the same pyramid
       | scheme manipulation techniques and terminology.
        
         | zionic wrote:
         | Personally, I find the crypto-skepticism on HN a strong
         | indicator that I should buy more.
        
       | throw8932894 wrote:
       | > _I need a hero, and by that, I mean that I need a usable
       | methodology for building scaleable decentralized apps. Yes, you
       | 've heard that right. We don't need more "Ethereum killers" that
       | can do 10x more tx/s than Ethereum. Those are useless._
       | 
       | > _Instead, we need an approach for the average Joe developer to
       | create their idea within the Ethereum ecosystem without the need
       | for hardcore unproven technologies._
       | 
       | So instead of fixing the actual problem, Ethereum scalability, we
       | will do what? This technology was developed by a few guys, most
       | of them already left. It was meant to fix Bitcoin "smart
       | contracts" (there is a such thing).
       | 
       | Tech behind Ethereum is outdated. Even newer versions rehash the
       | same broken idea with sharding. We got 10 years and billions
       | poured into consensus research. There are actual papers and
       | universities doing this stuff. There are github projects that do
       | stuff like decentralized auctions, mixers...
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | timdaub wrote:
         | Hey, I think you're making a valid point and I probably should
         | have explained more what I meant by my statement.
         | 
         | IMO, there's a middle ground we can go between slow PoW on L1
         | and scaleability. I think that it can be done by having tools
         | that give us the same guarantees like deploying a smart
         | contract on the main chain. It's difficult to explain: But what
         | I want is Plasma but as a framework to develop dapps.
         | 
         | This project is going that route:
         | https://github.com/hoytech/quadrable
        
           | martindale wrote:
           | We're building this, but on Bitcoin ("Plasma but as a
           | framework for dapps" [with a focus on developer experience])
           | [0]. There's already robust infrastructure for L2 contracts
           | in Bitcoin-land, and we've already heavily optimized the L1
           | to prepare for the load that a global, ubiquitous solution
           | would need.
           | 
           | Honestly, I see no use for Ethereum (or other Turing Complete
           | L1s) looking forward -- smart contracts can be purely peer-
           | to-peer, with the only pressure applied to L1 being dispute
           | resolution. By pushing complex contracts up into Layer 2, we
           | can keep the dangerous, money-destroying, theft-enabling
           | Turing machines away from the main chain.
           | 
           | [0]: https://fabric.pub
        
           | peter_l_downs wrote:
           | You might consider taking a look at Celo. They have ultra-
           | light client support [0], it's proof-of-stake with single-
           | block finality, and they run a true EVM that you can program
           | in Solidity. It's mobile-first but since it's fundamentally a
           | fork of Ethereum it is also web3 compatible -- there's a
           | metamask fork here that should soon be functional [1]. Gas is
           | payable in multiple ERC20 tokens, and should remain cheap as
           | the network scales. Not sure if this falls under your
           | "ethereum killers that can do 10x transactions/second" so
           | apologies for shilling if it's not interesting to you.
           | 
           | [0] https://docs.celo.org/celo-codebase/protocol/plumo
           | 
           | [1] https://github.com/dsrvlabs/celo-extension-wallet
        
           | VentureCurious wrote:
           | If you want a Layer2 plasma with similar guarantees to
           | Ethereum (account based, not zero knowledge) then you may
           | like Gluon.network once they roll out EVM support.
        
         | xyzzy123 wrote:
         | If I had to choose between scalability and better (more useful,
         | more accessible, more maintainable) apps I would pick the apps.
         | Ways to do real-world interesting things for people, buildable
         | without any rocket science.
         | 
         | For the same reason that a startup with duct-tape code,
         | scrambling to scale is better than a startup with no genuine
         | demand.
        
         | QuesnayJr wrote:
         | What are good examples of what you talk about in your last
         | paragraph?
        
         | TeeWEE wrote:
         | > Tech behind Ethereum is outdated.
         | 
         | Well Eth 2.0 is applying the latest and the greatest in Crypto
         | research to a real coin.
         | 
         | In terms of scalabliltiy Ethereum is already way past bitcoin
         | slow transaction rates.
        
           | XorNot wrote:
           | The idea of a new version of your currency somewhat speaks
           | against the utility of the whole thing surely?
        
             | singularity2001 wrote:
             | Why Does it speak against its utility to update to a new
             | version? what is the problem with printing a new dollar
             | bill, or everyone using windows 10 instead of windows
             | seven?
        
             | seizethecheese wrote:
             | USD has gone through many iterations in its history. Even
             | quite fundamental ones.
        
             | zionic wrote:
             | Absolutely not. ETH2 is poorly named, it is an "in-place-
             | upgrade" whose core design principles (PoS, Sharding) have
             | been part of the ETH roadmap since 1.0.
        
             | jlokier wrote:
             | There is utility in being able to evolve the protocols
             | without giving up the integrity of the previous version.
             | 
             | Eth2 isn't a different currency, it's a replacement system
             | that links with Eth1 to provide continuity. The ETH coins
             | are not being replaced; both systems transact in ETH and
             | are linked. That's why they are being careful with how it's
             | evolved and how the economic links and incentives, and
             | smart contracts and data sources, are set up in the
             | transition.
             | 
             | There are many changes being implemented through this
             | evolution. From PoW to PoS, single chain to cross-linked
             | sharding (while managing the incentives to maintain the
             | integrity of the network), various improvements to faster
             | synchronisation, lower storage requirements, distributed
             | storage of the state.
             | 
             | Being able to release v2, v3, v4 of software while staying
             | compatible with all the work you did using v1 is a good
             | thing. Same idea with evolving Ethereum.
             | 
             | Contrast it with the numerous new coin networks that use
             | newer cryptographic ideas but each start their own separate
             | networks. That's also evolution, but they don't provide
             | continuity in the same way; instead they are a series of
             | competing products.
        
       | fredgrott wrote:
       | The underlying problem with bitcoin is the same one with P2P and
       | it's still has not been solved. IE, scalability of a
       | decentralized network. Internet went the other way with a live-
       | able scaling solution based on mixing non decentralized with
       | decentralized.
       | 
       | My prediction is that it will go the way of internet in that a
       | set of orgs that are transparent will form the centralized
       | structure to scale it at live-able terms and scaling.
       | 
       | Does that mean pure P2P is not a scalable solve-able solution?
       | 
       | It's a 5 systems level problem which means it takes more time,
       | money, and sacrifice than people think to reach a discoverable
       | solution.
       | 
       | IMHO
        
         | itsdsmurrell wrote:
         | Try Bitcoin Cash. It's the one that implemented Satoshi's
         | suggested upping of the block size limit, has the same block
         | history as BTC up until the fork, and solves moving value at
         | low fees. This operation is the one people should care about
         | the most. Fancier things will take time. The community hangs
         | out at r/btc by historical accident.
        
       | pmarreck wrote:
       | Yeah, that was my feeling about Bitcoin a few years ago after
       | dabbling in it and then getting out (to the tune of 1.25
       | million... which of course would be much greater now, had I held
       | any... sigh)
       | 
       | I originally got into it for the technical aspects of mining
       | being interesting. Then all the speculators came in, then I
       | realized that (perhaps due to my Psych major) I was pretty good
       | at predicting local price maxima, but then after a time that felt
       | too much like stealing from the dumber, which is not a vibe that
       | brings happiness to me, so I got out of it. I'd rather use my
       | intelligence to produce value by coding.
        
       | vmception wrote:
       | yeah I'm having a blast
       | 
       | you can pre-purchase gas when gas prices are low and use it when
       | gas prices are high like now
       | 
       | there are a lot of currently advanced ways to use Ethereum, and
       | all EVMs
       | 
       | The EVM is the thing to learn, being aware of the
       | decentralization ideology is a nice to have and really irrelevant
       | 
       | (which is hilarious argument to have with Ethereum bulls
       | regarding other less secured EVMs because the bitcoiners and no-
       | coiners and general Ethereum detractors don't even consider
       | Ethereum decentralized)
        
         | inter_netuser wrote:
         | why is the decentralization irrelevant?
        
           | vmception wrote:
           | Because using an EVM in production is acknowledging what the
           | market can bear and that market is worth trillions
           | 
           | Like any public equity there can be centralized services
           | worth more a lot, as they're just platforms
           | 
           | Being aware of what Ethereum mainnet does is okay but
           | shouldn't guide any of your decisions of whether you want to
           | build on or be bullish on Binance Smart Chain or somebody's
           | deployment of any other EVM
        
       | trulyrandom wrote:
       | There are some ongoing (and somewhat controversial) efforts to
       | make Ethereum fun for developers again: https://cheapeth.org/,
       | https://www.deveth.org/.
        
       | ostenning wrote:
       | While there are many people out to make a quick buck in the
       | crypto world, investment fuels innovation. It gives people
       | incentive to build decentralized ecosystems.
       | 
       | Given that we are more than ever moving toward a centalised
       | society where corporations have an increasingly tightened grip
       | over the people, decentalised technologies are in my opinion a
       | glimmer of technological hope.
        
       | TargetedVictim wrote:
       | Dutch police and mainstream media is trying to kill me over
       | bitcoin and ethereum, for over 3 years now.
       | https://pastebin.com/btAfNf3T
        
       | deepstack wrote:
       | _> They announced the "Monero Enterprise Alliance." An inside
       | joke, supposed to piss off other projects that had started to
       | take themselves too seriously. Being slightly confused that day
       | myself, I now can't recall if the effort had ever been
       | successful. But in any case, I can't recommend buying Monero.
       | It's useless._
       | 
       | Why is Monero useless? Is because of transaction fee too high?
        
         | myndpage wrote:
         | It's a meme in the monero community. "Don't buy monero". Monero
         | fees are actually really low. On average 0.021 cents right now.
        
       | maeln wrote:
       | I really, really don't understand where cryptocurrencies are
       | going. Billions have been poured in this technology for almost no
       | actual return technologically wise.
       | 
       | And I understand, because interest are not aligned. It really
       | seems like nobody actually care about advancing the state of art,
       | except actual researcher who work in universities and not in
       | crypto startups...
       | 
       | Cryptocurrencies had a goal and a usefulness when they were at
       | least used to buy drugs online and send a few bucks to your
       | friends. Now you cannot even use them for that. Everybody saw the
       | rise of the bitcoin valuation and since then, all that matter is
       | how much you can make by trading crypto. The actual usefulness of
       | the crypto, what it can do, is utterly irrelevant. This is proven
       | by btc being one of the most traded and valuable crypto even
       | though it is one of the crypto with the less feature. Most btc
       | trade are not even going through the bitcoin network but through
       | third party, so btc even fail at its own goal.
       | 
       | And because crypto are seen as an investment, everybody is
       | holding, and nobody is using it, and you would be a fool to do
       | so, since tomorrow, your 1 shitcoin might be worth 3 times what
       | you brought it for. And no, "stable coin" is not an answer since
       | the only thing they have been used for is to trade between
       | crypto...
       | 
       | Then, to make matter even worse, the crypto community is its own
       | worst enemy. Since it has been proven that, to make a few buck,
       | all it takes is "creating" your own crypto and mining the first
       | few block before other get in on it, you get thousand of startup
       | coming out of nowhere proposing new crypto that are literally
       | clone of other crypto. Tell me, what is the difference between
       | Polkadot and Kusama ? Or is there even a significant
       | technological difference between Litecoin, Bitcoin, Bitcoin Cash,
       | Dogecoin, etc ?
       | 
       | We are more than 5 years into this crypto mania with an ungodly
       | amount of money being thrown at it and there has been no
       | significant technological progress, no crypto that is useful
       | enough to be used by anybody else but crypto-fanatic trying to
       | pump and dump it, and this is now becoming one of the worse
       | climate disaster in a while. And all the while, every people
       | invested in crypto will just talk about price, valuation,
       | investment, hodling, etc. It is clear what is their real purpose.
       | 
       | If you want to see actual progress in distributed computing, look
       | for scientific paper coming from universities.
        
         | rawbot wrote:
         | IIRC Dogecoin was born as a meme. And now I'm supposed to
         | believe it is a serious investment or cryptocurrency?
        
           | BLKNSLVR wrote:
           | Dogecoin is, and always was, a meme; a joke cryptocurrency.
           | But it developed a life of its own and, unfortunately,
           | opportunists have been putting Doge on fish hooks and,
           | surprisingly, catching a helluva lot of fish.
           | 
           | It is not, and never will be, a serious investment. The
           | problem is, there are still fish that will believe it is a
           | serious "opportunity" if they're shown the right kind of
           | profit figures, truthful or otherwise.
        
           | jcbrand wrote:
           | Nobody is claiming that it's a serious investment.
        
           | imtringued wrote:
           | It's unfortunate that most cryptocurrencies are just as
           | serious as Dogecoin.
        
         | lawn wrote:
         | There's a big difference between Bitcoin and Bitcoin Cash: the
         | intent to scale on-chain while Bitcoin has given up that
         | leading to today's ridiculous transaction fees.
         | 
         | Monero is the best approach to actual privacy as it conceals
         | sender, receiver and transaction amount for all transactions.
         | 
         | I do agree that the speculation focus is misguided, but there
         | are cryptos that are useful the way Bitcoin was meant to be.
        
           | imtringued wrote:
           | I consider Monero useful but most of its users are unethical.
           | It's pretty telling that the author of the blog post bashes
           | it in the exact way you should. "Don't buy it" as if it was
           | meant to be speculated with.
        
             | takoid wrote:
             | Wasn't Bitcoin painted in a similar light before it became
             | mainstream? Monero's users being unethical (in your
             | opinion) is a testament to the usefulness of the
             | technology, not the other way around. Would you say the
             | same thing about Tor?
        
               | ashtonkem wrote:
               | All the claims of Bitcoin being anonymous were either
               | incredibly misguided or delusional. Bitcoin is arguably
               | far less anonymous than even cash, as it creates a
               | permanent record of transactions. If your account is ever
               | de-anonymized, and there are good techniques to do that,
               | then any transaction you've ever sent _ever_ is going to
               | be visible. The only privacy benefit Bitcoin has over
               | cash is that it's easier to transmit it remotely, which
               | eliminates in person risk.
               | 
               | Monero is at least designed to be anonymous. It's
               | possible that some flaw or mistake will eventually be
               | uncovered that will break its privacy, but the underlying
               | structure is better.
        
         | derefr wrote:
         | > And no, "stable coin" is not an answer since the only thing
         | they have been used for is to trade between crypto...
         | 
         | Our (blockchain-adjacent) company received millions in equity
         | investment in the form of stablecoin transfers. Those investors
         | were so heavily "in" crypto, that they didn't have any
         | liquidity of useful size in any actual fiat currency, so they
         | wouldn't have been able to invest in us in "real money." We
         | only got those investments by being willing to accept
         | stablecoins.
         | 
         | Compounding that advantage, there were no exchange fees at any
         | point during the transaction for accepting investments from
         | foreign holders (as they were already holding USDC--where a
         | foreign investor would find it a lot harder to hold actual USD
         | in their local banks); and there were only minimal, flat
         | transfer fees (i.e. gas) to get the whole investment done, as
         | opposed to the percentile fees charged for international wire
         | transfers. I would say that that was a pretty useful use-case
         | for stablecoins.
         | 
         | Of course, when we received these stablecoin investments, we
         | gradually offramped them for actual fiat money. What were we
         | going to do, pay our employees in stablecoins? And _at that
         | point_ we had to pay exchange fees, because we aren't even a US
         | company ourselves, and so we were off-ramping for our own local
         | currency, not USD. (Though this was cheaper than expected, as
         | we directly off-ramped the USDC to our local currency through a
         | provider that kept liquidity in our local currency. We never
         | needed to get the regular banking infrastructure involved until
         | the final step--depositing fiat money already denominated in
         | our local currency, into our local banks.)
         | 
         | But just because _we_ didn't have a reason to keep /spend the
         | original stablecoins, doesn't mean it wasn't useful for the
         | asset to remain in stablecoin form until it reached us. It was
         | certainly more useful _to our investors_ to hold USDC than to
         | hold fiat currency.
         | 
         | > Tell me, what is the difference between Polkadot and Kusama ?
         | Or is there even a significant technological difference between
         | Litecoin, Bitcoin, Bitcoin Cash, Dogecoin, etc ?
         | 
         | Is there a significant technological difference between the
         | central banks of the US, India, China, Canada, Japan, the UK,
         | etc.? Not really. The difference is that different countries
         | are running them, and those _countries_ are effectively
         | different "political technologies." The choice comes down to
         | the relative merits of the political technology driving the
         | progress and decision-making in the monetary technology.
         | 
         | In this sense, it's sort of like if there's a single open-
         | source project that was originally BSD/MIT-licensed, that has
         | been forked a bunch of times, with each fork replacing that
         | license with something else and establishing a separate
         | "structure" to its maintainership (e.g. one fork being an
         | Apache Software Foundation project; one fork being a reference
         | implementation governed by an enterprise "open-membership"
         | body; one fork being GPLed, run by a BDFL who accepts PRs, but
         | is very opinionated, and suggests you fork their fork if you
         | want to go a different way; etc.) Those are all different
         | "political technologies" driving the same project forward in
         | different directions!
        
           | ag56 wrote:
           | So why didn't your investors offramp to fiat themselves, and
           | then transfer you USD? Or are you saying they were in foreign
           | countries and had non-USD denominated bank accounts, this you
           | saved them currency conversion costs?
        
         | dgellow wrote:
         | IOHK who is behind Cardano does quite a lot of scentific
         | research and formalized and developed innovative concepts:
         | https://iohk.io/en/research/library/.
         | 
         | It's still very experimental and yes, there are no clear
         | applications yet, but there is some genuine research being
         | made.
        
           | MaxKK wrote:
           | The same can be said about Lisk with 35 blockchain technology
           | research papers already published and another 19 blockchain
           | interoperability research papers to be published in spring.
           | 
           | https://github.com/LiskHQ/lips
        
           | maeln wrote:
           | This is genuinely very interesting :) . I hope for more
           | innovation like this and less copy-cat, get rich-scheme
           | cryptos ....
        
             | dgellow wrote:
             | Yes, there is some very interesting papers there. Really
             | unfortunate that virtually 100% of the general
             | cryptocurrency interest is in its price potential.
        
         | svachalek wrote:
         | It's going slower than the WWW but I feel it could be just as
         | big. There are major problems with big banks, social networks,
         | and the advertising model of the web and crypto can solve all
         | of this: decentralization, democratization, and micropayments
         | all in one. No doubt it will create its own problems but there
         | is big potential. Just look at what's going on with Ethereum
         | and Defi instead of the older generation of deflationary
         | currencies.
         | 
         | But you are right, there are way too many attempts at new
         | networks and currencies, when we need to be consolidating
         | around the best of those and building up the application layer.
         | I think there are huge opportunities for people who create the
         | killer apps for crypto.
        
         | dgellow wrote:
         | > Polkadot and Kusama
         | 
         | I don't think you're actually expecting an answer, but the main
         | difference is that Kusama is a "canary chain" with faster
         | iteration speed (governance votes last 7 days instead of 28
         | days for Polkadot).
         | 
         | https://wiki.polkadot.network/docs/en/learn-kusama-vs-polkad...
         | 
         | You can see it as a long-living testnet.
        
           | maeln wrote:
           | Actually it was nice to have an answer :) . So at least this
           | one make sense.
        
         | imtringued wrote:
         | >Or is there even a significant technological difference
         | between Litecoin, Bitcoin, Bitcoin Cash, Dogecoin, etc ?
         | 
         | I would like to argue that the difference between Bitcoin and
         | Bitcoin Cash isn't even a technological one. Every dunce can
         | increase the block size. It's purely a political/social
         | difference. It's laughable that cryptocurrencies market
         | themselves as avoiding government control but yet they suffer
         | from the exact same problems.
        
           | ashtonkem wrote:
           | Arguably most crypto currencies are run by oligopolies,
           | putting them in a worse place than even the troubled
           | democracies of the west. How small is the pool of people who
           | control 51% of the hashing power for any given currency?
           | Probably not terribly large.
        
         | charcircuit wrote:
         | >Billions have been poured in this technology for almost no
         | actual return technologically wise.
         | 
         | This is just ignorance. There are plenty of projects out there
         | that are building off each other, improving, and trying new
         | things. Later in your post you mention several projects yet
         | there you are claiming there is no new technology being done?
         | 
         | >It really seems like nobody actually care about advancing the
         | state of art, except actual researcher who work in universities
         | and not in crypto startups...
         | 
         | So researchers are doing research as opposed to startups. I am
         | falling to see the problem with your statement. Yes, people
         | intentionally trying to find new solutions to problems
         | cryptocurrency offers will be the ones finding solutions.
         | 
         | >This is proven by btc being one of the most traded and
         | valuable crypto even though it is one of the crypto with the
         | less feature.
         | 
         | I am sure you can find plenty of companies that had better
         | technology but are doing worse than their competitors whether
         | it be because of bad marketing, first mover advantage / network
         | effects, etc.
         | 
         | >And because crypto are seen as an investment, everybody is
         | holding, and nobody is using it
         | 
         | Oh please. You can go to any block explore and see tons of
         | transactions going on. People are using smart contracts all the
         | time.
         | 
         | >And no, "stable coin" is not an answer since the only thing
         | they have been used for is to trade between crypto...
         | 
         | This is short sighted. There is a desire for being able to know
         | that your money isn't going to crash before you have to pay
         | your bills. It will be easier to onboard people to using crypto
         | if it is just using something like dollars. It also gets lid of
         | problems like buying crypto to buy something then the price
         | crashes and you can no longer afford what you wanted to bought.
         | Or the opposite where you buy something and then the crypto
         | doubles and you get mad for "overpaying."
         | 
         | >you get thousand of startup coming out of nowhere proposing
         | new crypto that are literally clone of other crypto
         | 
         | So what? If you don't want to use a fork, then don't use it.
         | This is how open source works. Anyone can take your code and
         | create a company around it.
         | 
         | >Tell me, what is the difference between Polkadot and Kusama ?
         | Or is there even a significant technological difference between
         | Litecoin, Bitcoin, Bitcoin Cash, Dogecoin, etc ?
         | 
         | How about you look up the differences yourself. Not everyone
         | agrees with what design decisions get made so forks are created
         | that are free to make different decisions.
        
         | globular-toast wrote:
         | Same. I was super excited for bitcoin ten years ago, but now
         | I've experienced first hand how bad bitcoin is as a currency.
         | Most people aren't even thinking of using it like that. It's
         | just sitting in their coinbase account. So you've just got a
         | bunch of people who all expect to make money from each other.
         | Without any actual value it's a zero sum game, folks!
        
           | audunw wrote:
           | > Without any actual value it's a zero sum game, folks!
           | 
           | It's less than zero-sum. A significant portion of what's
           | being put into the system, is just being burned, in the form
           | of converting electricity to heat without doing much if any
           | useful work.
        
           | afishisafish wrote:
           | Look at the Bitcoin as the defacto reference of value for
           | other crypto that do solve other problems. It's import to
           | have a store of value that's not traditional fiat (like USD).
        
           | imtringued wrote:
           | In practice you are waiting for technologically illiterate
           | people to lose their Bitcoin or old people to pass away
           | without revealing their wallet to anyone. That's a pretty
           | weird form of "investment".
        
             | JamesSwift wrote:
             | Thats actually pretty similar to people that invest in
             | collectible cards (e.g. sports or trading card games like
             | Magic). One part of the value increasing is due to supply
             | attrition. Existing cards get either damaged or lost.
        
               | derivagral wrote:
               | This is itself a (funny?) form of a Tontine!
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tontine
        
       | iagovar wrote:
       | Wasn't cardano supposed to fix this?
        
         | dylkil wrote:
         | yes, its been 4 years now and cardano doesnt even have smart
         | contracting capabilities yet
        
           | Tenoke wrote:
           | They are rolling them out in the next 2 months. I've played
           | with their playground, looked at what they are doing and see
           | little reason to doubt the planned launch will go well.
        
           | sirpilade wrote:
           | I think they're making good, solid progress. They should be
           | rolling smart contracts with Gougen in Q2 this year, and
           | indications so far are that they should be on time
        
           | float4 wrote:
           | Goguen, which is phase 3 of the roadmap and gives smart
           | contracts, is expected to be released in March 2021.
           | 
           | But sure, it's all taking very long.
        
             | skinnyasianboi wrote:
             | Native tokens(also part of Goguen) will be released on 1st
             | of March but smart contracts in Q2
        
           | regisg wrote:
           | 4 years of research & dev. All has come / is coming : - rich
           | metadatas in transactions (done) - token locking (done) -
           | native tokens almost on par with ADA ( on mainnet 05/03/2021
           | ) - Plutus & Marlowe ( smart contracts ). Testnet in March,
           | mainnet early to late Q2, depending on testnet quality.
        
           | skinnyasianboi wrote:
           | 4 years of doing it right and academically proven
        
             | juskrey wrote:
             | Cardano project looks pretty much like Hardon Collider in
             | the making
        
       | nootropicat wrote:
       | For some reason ethereum devs refuse to (recommend to) increase
       | the gas limit, even though it's the only short-term way to
       | decrease fees while increasing decentralization, in a mistaken
       | idea that if a node doesn't run on a raspberry pi (it does) the
       | network isn't decentralized.
       | 
       | People run nodes when they need them. Decentralization is a
       | function of fees and node costs, not just node costs. Right now
       | deploying a large contract costs more than a good gaming pc while
       | a node to verify blocks can be a pi with a ssd for a small
       | fraction of the cost. As a result normal people just stay away -
       | fees too high decrease decentralization regardless of node costs.
       | The opposite would make much more sense: few dollars for
       | deployment, gaming pc for nodes. More people would actually run
       | nodes in this scenario.
       | 
       | As long as a node only requires a high end pc rather than a
       | server in a datacenter the network can stay decentralized. Even
       | current (very underinvested) geth could handle 50M blocks, which
       | would provide relief until rollups get going and prevent activity
       | from relocating elsewhere.
       | 
       | This is the most dangerous, with the danger completely self-
       | imposed, time for ethereum ever. Maybe everything works out and
       | rollups release soon enough, but the risk calculus is completely
       | bonkers.
        
         | thebean11 wrote:
         | The hardware it takes to run a node _now_ isn 't the only
         | consideration. Higher gas limit means the storage size of the
         | history grows at a faster rate; every single full node needs to
         | store that history forever.
        
           | nootropicat wrote:
           | By the time it becomes a real problem (when the db containing
           | state starts to approach 4TB) presumably some other solution
           | would be in place, like state witnesses in blocks
           | (verification without needing to access local state), or
           | other ideas like reducing the size of 'hot' state and
           | requiring witnesses for old state. In any case, it's better
           | to have ethereum with heavier nodes than everything move to a
           | completely centralized DPoS or PoA network.
        
       | khongbietgi wrote:
       | How about https://www.algorand.com/ The team is promising and
       | also their sdk is quite good.
        
         | Zambyte wrote:
         | Very glad to see Algorand in this thread. People need to talk
         | about it more. It doesn't have most of the problems people have
         | with crypto, and unlike cardano, it's here today and it works.
        
         | olah_1 wrote:
         | I know that they use the same Clarity[1] smart contract
         | language as Stacks. I like that it's not turing complete.
         | 
         | The more I've read about Stacks, the more I like it. But I
         | haven't done a deep dive into Algorand. Do you know offhand how
         | they differ / what they're going for?
         | 
         | [1]: https://clarity-lang.org/
        
         | exdsq wrote:
         | I like the Algorand team -- first blockchain project where I
         | used an app I wanted to use and only afterwards realised it was
         | using their blockchain.
        
           | khongbietgi wrote:
           | That's great. Do you mind sharing the name of that project?
        
             | exdsq wrote:
             | They store the data of FIDE Online chess matches, so the
             | officially ranked games that you can play for online
             | titles. Not sure why they chose a blockchain - perhaps
             | they're actually used for identity too, so there's some p2p
             | elements of arranging matches, but as I said I didn't even
             | know they were involved until I saw an advert one day
             | mentioning it.
        
       | meehow wrote:
       | https://cheapeth.org/
        
       | jasonrodrigues wrote:
       | @timdaub - try Celo (celo.org). Full EVM compatibility, low gas
       | prices, mobile-first money legos. There's your hero.
        
         | mariD wrote:
         | can recommend!
        
       | oilbagz wrote:
       | Its the stack. I can't get interested in any crypto currency or
       | related technology that doesn't provide, at a minimum, a linkable
       | C library or .. even better .. a luarocks module .. to do all the
       | work.
       | 
       | If I even have to think about using npm or javascript to join the
       | new hipster cult, I'm out. These tools are not up to snuff.
       | 
       | C'mon crypto guys, give us systems programmers the libs we need.
       | Javascript is OUT. Your fancy DSL is OUT. Go C/C++ native, or
       | GTFO ...
        
         | balaa wrote:
         | Check out substrate which uses Rust
        
         | AgentME wrote:
         | >Go C/C++ native, or GTFO ...
         | 
         | I don't think memory-safety issues are the killer app for
         | Ethereum. The lack of C/C++ is one of the best things about the
         | Ethereum ecosystem.
        
           | oilbagz wrote:
           | Memory-safety issues are a thing of the 20th century, if you
           | still have them in this day and age as a C/C++ developer you
           | probably should put the real compiler down, kid ..
           | 
           | Besides which, you're never going to convince me that
           | Javascript/NPM have fewer issues with leaks and holes than a
           | well engineered C/C++ lib would. I mean, come on ..
        
             | yao420 wrote:
             | As a security guy I love when people have your perspective
             | on memory safety, guarantees my job for a couple more
             | decades.
             | 
             | Memory issues are still the source of the biggest and best
             | bugs. I have no doubt I can find huge security issues in
             | your native code.
        
         | samtheprogram wrote:
         | Entire industries have been built on top of JavaScript, from
         | rags to the most valuable companies in the world reinvesting
         | back into it. It's getting mature, too.
         | 
         | As someone who 5 years ago refused to learn JavaScript and was
         | firmly in your camp, I don't really see an "up to snuff"
         | argument to be made anymore. All languages have quirks and
         | JavaScript definitely has them, but it's not alone in that
         | regard, especially comparing to C/C++/Go. Besides, you don't
         | want a systems programming language to write code that runs in
         | the EVM, or when running others untrusted code.
         | 
         | Use the right tool for the right job.
        
           | oilbagz wrote:
           | Entire industries have been built on Cobol, and Emacs-as-a-
           | Lisp-host, and Visual Basic too, but that doesn't mean we
           | should be using any of it for a next-generation financial
           | trading scheme.
           | 
           | There aren't any good reasons to avoid producing viable C/C++
           | libraries to implement this kind of technology - only
           | developer complacency and laziness.
           | 
           | Want me to adopt your new fintech? Let me embed it in _ANY_
           | app I might write, not just the browser, not just cli-
           | Javascript ..
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | samtheprogram wrote:
             | What do you want to embed? web3.js? My guess is that is low
             | hanging fruit, given that it's mostly interacting with
             | Ethereum nodes over HTTP and websockets, so if someone
             | wants to do this, they could pretty straightforward. If
             | their primary user of their integration are people on the
             | web and cell phones, I think this was a good, scope
             | limiting decision.
             | 
             | Or is it something else?
        
               | oilbagz wrote:
               | I would love to be able to incorporate Ethereum features
               | in my apps - which are written in C/C++-friendly
               | languages, and which avoid any and all use of Javascript,
               | at all cost.
               | 
               | I don't think the decision to use Javascript for this
               | kind of functionality was wise, or practical. The
               | cyclomatic complexity of managing a web-installable
               | javascript codebase compared to a C/C++ module is just
               | too damn high.
        
           | TeeWEE wrote:
           | > Entire industries have been built on top of JavaScript,
           | from rags to the most valuable companies in the world
           | reinvesting back into it. It's getting mature, too.
           | 
           | This is a fallacy argument. Because other users it, doens't
           | mean its good.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | samtheprogram wrote:
             | Thanks for pointing this out. While I think that speaks to
             | the productivity it has provided (I guess that's a stretch
             | / could be coincidence), what I really should have conveyed
             | is that through a thriving ecosystem and updated standards,
             | it's gotten a lot better over time. Node v8+ and latest
             | versions of NPM are very far from where they used to be.
             | Again, JavaScript is not without it's quirks, but I don't
             | think any language is free from that statement, and
             | JavaScript's are easily managed in my opinion.
             | 
             | It's single threaded, but again, right tool for the right
             | job.
        
               | anonymoushn wrote:
               | There's a thriving ecosystem because you are forced to
               | use it. Do you think there wouldn't be a thriving perl
               | ecosystem if perl was the only language you could use to
               | execute code in a web browser?
        
               | samtheprogram wrote:
               | Very likely; although JavaScript became much more popular
               | after it was available outside the browser, that probably
               | was a factor.
               | 
               | It doesn't affect my argument that it is a thriving
               | ecosystem that has made it worth much more than the
               | negative sentiment it has received in the past, and that
               | it is not a bad choice.
        
               | oilbagz wrote:
               | Its a bad choice because you have to use Javascript, and
               | Javascript is a shitty technology akin to Visual Basic.
               | 
               | Collective adoption of a technology doesn't make it
               | 'good'. It makes it 'available'. Those things are not
               | always equivalent.
        
               | anonymoushn wrote:
               | While the ecosystem contributes value for many use cases,
               | I don't think you can make use of such things when
               | writing smart contracts that run on a very slow and very
               | expensive computer.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | weeboid wrote:
       | Make Ethereum great again?
        
       | rock_artist wrote:
       | A little OT but seems the right place to ask. Is there any
       | 'mainstream' crypto useful for micro-transactions with low-
       | latency and low-transaction fees?
       | 
       | Or mainstream is what kills actually kills it?
        
         | dylkil wrote:
         | Yes, but you sacrifice security for scalability. One of the
         | ethereum layer 2's seem to be the most promising but are yet to
         | gain major traction. Loopring seems to be in a pretty good
         | place right now though. You could also use some other crypto
         | like BCH, which vitalik once suggested could be used to store
         | ethereum state. So if its good enough for him, it might be good
         | enough for you.
        
         | ssijak wrote:
         | Nano. High throughoutput, no transaction fees. Works well for
         | years already.
        
           | mlqnw wrote:
           | Having some level of transaction fees could be important for
           | preventing DOS attacks.
           | 
           | I also like the idea of forming a treasury from a cut of the
           | transaction fees to fund proposals for future projects from
           | within the community as Cardano and Polkadot have done.
        
             | rekshaw wrote:
             | > Having some level of transaction fees could be important
             | for preventing DOS attacks.
             | 
             | Agreed. Their mitigation approach is somewhat interesting
             | as well though (dynamic PoW [1]). Thanks to the independent
             | nature of the blocks, signing difficulty of the
             | transactions can be raised and lowered dynamically making
             | spam incrementally more expensive for the spammers.
             | 
             | [1] https://medium.com/nanocurrency/dynamic-proof-of-work-
             | priori...
        
           | hutzlibu wrote:
           | Can you explain in simple words, how they achieve this?
        
             | bmh wrote:
             | Every account in the network is a chain of blocks, with
             | each block signed by the private key of that account. So
             | only the owner of the account can add a block to their
             | chain. To send money from A to B, A will add a 'spend'
             | block to her chain, and B will add a 'receive' block to his
             | chain. If B is offline, he can claim that receive later.
             | 
             | The speed comes from the fact that spends from A to B can
             | be processed independently of spends from C to D. So all
             | independent transactions occur in parallel (and as you can
             | imagine most transactions are independent).
             | 
             | Every block addition is voted on by all participating
             | nodes, and they vote as quickly as possible, so they're
             | limited by internet bandwidth/latency, as well
             | public/private key signature verification and generation.
             | Most transactions complete within less than a second.
             | 
             | New blocks _do_ need a PoW signature, but these are much
             | much smaller than other PoW signatures. Additionally, they
             | are usually generated by the account performing the
             | transaction, so they will typically run on your phone or
             | browser wallet app.
             | 
             | Finally, the entire system was feeless from inception.
             | That's just a design decision. I guess people run nodes
             | because they want the whole thing to live.
        
               | ativzzz wrote:
               | So it only works as long as people are willing to
               | volunteer nodes right? For a stable business model, I
               | assume some party will start hosting nodes and charging
               | people to use it?
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | It seems like it, but still, I like that approach a lot.
        
         | gnrlst wrote:
         | Out of all the options I've researched, the one I'm considering
         | investing my development time into is Nano. 0 transaction fees,
         | <<1s transaction times, already decentralized and a great
         | community. It's a very polarizing coin (people either love it
         | or dismiss it), but what won me over is that it's not built on
         | promises: it does exactly what it says on the tin, already.
        
       | jeromenerf wrote:
       | The solidity language was never fun to me. I abandoned
       | experiments before vyper and yul, the alternatives I know about,
       | were out. Everything felt at the same time fragile and
       | definitive. Bad things would happen if you "deployed" a flawed
       | contract without the ever growing best practices of layers and
       | proxies.
       | 
       | I have had more fun learning about finance and creating indices
       | than I have ever had coding on ethereum.
        
         | yulaow wrote:
         | Agree. Sadly both solidity and all the tools around it feel
         | like a pile of broken things over other broken things over a
         | lot of things who where brought up in a few days and forgotten
         | in the todo world, and no one has the time or the will to fix
         | them.
         | 
         | The ethereum foundation should focus far far far more in tools
         | implementation
        
         | oilbagz wrote:
         | Totally. None of this felt safe, or sane, ever.
        
       | Tepix wrote:
       | Avalanche offers the EVM, fast transactions and low fees. And a
       | lot more than just the EVM on the C chain. Sounds like the
       | ticket, doesn't it?
        
       | akyu wrote:
       | Ethereum was a very respectable proof of concept, but it's time
       | is past. It gave a glimpse of a future that is really incredible
       | for those of us who had time to poke around before fees got out
       | of control. Sadly, Eth 2.0 does not look to be the messiah many
       | seem to be preaching about. Sharding is a very questionable
       | design decision.
       | 
       | My take away from dabbling in Ethereum land is that Ethereans,
       | and crypto folks in general, got their values mixed up. They hold
       | decentralization to the highest standard above all else. But upon
       | close inspection, virtually nothing in the Ethereum ecosystem
       | actually lives up to the standard of decentralization. The kinds
       | of decentralization you see are very superficial and largely seem
       | to be intended to dodge regulation above all else (which I have
       | no problem with, but we need to be honest with ourselves).
       | 
       | After using the tech, you realize that whats really valuable
       | about these systems is open APIs for value exchange,
       | permissionlessness, and censorship resistance. The
       | decentralization is not a value add. It is a hedge against
       | counter-party risk. And that is important, especially as we go
       | head first into an increasingly dystopic looking global financial
       | system. But teasing apart these different aspects gives you a
       | much better idea of what to focus on if you want to build the
       | next generation of blockchain technology.
        
       | labrador wrote:
       | I was told blockchain would be the solution to many problems
        
       | egypturnash wrote:
       | I'll happily take your etherium if it's no fun any more. I'm low
       | on cash and rent needs paying.
       | 
       | 0x9a31DDDC8ddD0949a4Ee6aA6c297e5f517E62d59
        
       | TechnoTimeStop wrote:
       | Given the hacking climate in our world. And the zero data
       | integrity policy given by the corpo scummies, you have to be a
       | total dumbass bear to think ethereum and block chain technology
       | doesn't have a huge future.
        
       | monkeydust wrote:
       | When do people expect Ethereum gas prices to come down? Right now
       | if I want to move 1ETH its costing me $109 from one exchange.
        
         | suikadayo wrote:
         | Once Uniswap moves to Optimism sometime in the next few months,
         | gas fee should drop drastically across the network
        
         | WJW wrote:
         | Supply and demand affecting gas prices is considered a feature,
         | so it seems quite possible gas prices will only go higher if
         | ETH becomes even more popular.
        
         | ForHackernews wrote:
         | Right after the Tether/Bitcoin bubble pops.
        
           | charcircuit wrote:
           | Tether bubble? As in crashing from $1.002 to $1? USDT can
           | always just be cashed out for regular money.
        
             | microtherion wrote:
             | For values of "always" that depend on whether Tether
             | actually has $34B in reserves to back the 34B USDT
             | currently in circulation.
             | 
             | Call me crazy, but I'd bet on the "under" here.
        
               | monkeydust wrote:
               | Doesn't Tether have to provide 3rd party audited accounts
               | as to what they actually hold in reserve?
        
               | ForHackernews wrote:
               | No. They have occasionally claimed to be independently
               | audited, but never provided proof.
        
       | TruthWillHurt wrote:
       | Face it - there are no users for Dapps. Top apps get ~50k users.
       | That's nothing. Whenever I think about creating something in
       | Ether, I apply the "do I really need blockchain" question to it,
       | and combined with low user count I realize I'll have a much
       | larger audience without Ether.
        
         | erikbye wrote:
         | Maiar has hundreds of thousands.
        
           | TruthWillHurt wrote:
           | Does it? does this app that lauched January this year, the
           | ONLY app on the Elrund blockchain, which itself launched last
           | year, have hundreds of thousands of users?
           | 
           | Simple answer - no, it does not.
        
       | treelovinhippie wrote:
       | It lost its way in 2017 during the first bubble when all of the
       | cryptobro speculators flooded the scene.
       | 
       | The Sydney Ethereum meetup I started in 2014 suddenly jumped in
       | numbers and became full of wankers in suits wanting to discuss
       | the price, wanting to apply the tech inside financial
       | institutions and explore new regulations.
       | 
       | 2017 was worrying. 2018 solidified that Ethereum was merely going
       | to serve the interests of the established financial apparatus.
       | 
       | There's no revolution or cryptoanarchy here; only power grabs and
       | new oligarchies.
        
       | edwnjos wrote:
       | Asking for Ethereum to be usable by anybody is like asking for
       | machine code to be usable by anyone.
       | 
       | Ethereum should focus on innovation (desperately) whilst other
       | smart people and entrepreneurs should be working layers on top of
       | ethereum so its more accessable to people like us.
        
       | skinnyasianboi wrote:
       | > Instead, we need an approach for the average Joe developer to
       | create their idea within the Ethereum ecosystem without the need
       | for hardcore unproven technologies.
       | 
       | Are you familiar with "The Island, The Ocean and the Pond"
       | presentation by Charles Hoskinson?
        
       | aabbcc1241 wrote:
       | Compared with Ethereum, "the global computer", zeronet is free as
       | it doesn't require transaction fee to function.
        
         | insomniacity wrote:
         | ZeroNet is about storage and distribution, not computation or a
         | ledger.
        
       | pjfin123 wrote:
       | There's Cheap Eth which is an Ethereum fork with cheaper prices:
       | https://cheapeth.org/ .
        
         | yks wrote:
         | Yeah, where author hardcoded himself 25m coins [1] and bans
         | everyone who mentions it from the official discord. Currency of
         | the future indeed.
         | 
         | [1] https://github.com/cheapETH/go-
         | ethereum/commit/412c38434d8d8...
        
           | pjfin123 wrote:
           | Didn't know about that. If the point is to just be able to
           | play around with Solidity and smart contracts it doesn't seem
           | like a big deal. The Discord banning sounds sketchy though so
           | maybe not something to use beyond testing.
        
       | vertis wrote:
       | This is so true. I was playing with Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) to
       | create artworks a few weeks ago. It seemed like a fun side-
       | project even if I'm not likely to get rich producing something.
       | 
       | That died right about the time when it was going to cost me ~$135
       | in fees to mint the artwork[1]. While I followed through and
       | completed the one artwork, most of the successful artworks are a
       | series of collections.
       | 
       | Minting those was prohibitively expensive at the time of writing.
       | 
       | [1]: https://vertis.io/2021/02/03/exploring-nfts/
        
       | pedalpete wrote:
       | [The internet isn't fun anymore -
       | 2014](https://www.puregeekery.net/2014/11/17/internet-isnt-fun-
       | any...) [Computers aren't fun anymore -
       | 2011](https://www.twingalaxies.com/showthread.php/132771-Why-
       | compu...)
       | 
       | It seems much of Tim's arguments revolve around the expense of
       | transactions. But what about building on Nano if the cost on
       | etherium is too high? Or any other lower cost alternatives? I'll
       | admit, I have no idea what the transaction cost on Polkadot is,
       | but there are lots of other interesting projects.
       | 
       | I agree with Tim's disappointment that the cost has risen to the
       | point where it is likely hindering experimentation, which is
       | probably what the crypto space still requires, but if that is the
       | problem, let's focus on that.
        
       | heterodoxxed wrote:
       | | _" What's Ethereum's killer app?" we asked ourselves not long
       | ago. Now we know. It's the world's best publicly-accessible
       | settlement platform for financial transactions._
       | 
       | I don't see any evidence of this being true.
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | > world's best publicly-accessible settlement platform for
         | financial transactions.
         | 
         | Isn't that SEPA? Or Paypal?
        
           | tmarice wrote:
           | It is, unless you're deemed untouchable.
        
             | aww_dang wrote:
             | There's also the KYC aspects of crypto exchanges.
        
         | microtherion wrote:
         | I'm not a huge fan of lawyers and bankers, but I'd take my
         | chances with them any day over this kind of platform:
         | https://medium.com/@danrobinson/ethereum-is-a-dark-forest-ec...
        
         | nstj wrote:
         | Are you familiar with the "DeFi revolution?"
        
           | TeeWEE wrote:
           | DeFI is yet another set of inflated expectations and bullish
           | sentiment to attract even more investors. In real terms its
           | not doing a lot yet.
        
             | nstj wrote:
             | For sure, I never said it was actually
             | implemented/feasible. Just that it's the current vector by
             | which Ethereum is being marketed
        
         | realPubkey wrote:
         | I also see no evidence, but many hints. Most people use
         | ethereum to send eth or ERC20 tokens. There are not many who
         | use the smart contracts for anything else.
        
         | drom5 wrote:
         | I would say that the killer app currently is decentralised
         | finance, lending and trading for example on the chain. The
         | second killer app is NFTs, basically the exchange of art on the
         | chain.
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | >The second killer app is NFTs, basically the exchange of art
           | on the chain.
           | 
           | There's this story from a few days ago:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26196027
           | 
           | I'm not sure whether it's a good sign or a bad sign. On one
           | hand it shows NFTs being serious because there's a huge
           | ($500+k) transaction behind it. On the other hand it shows
           | how frothy the market is given how someone just dropped $500k
           | for a few hundred bits.
        
           | dbspin wrote:
           | Hypothetically, NFTs are amazing. They have the potential to
           | revolutionise royalties and help artist directly profit from
           | the success of their work. There are successful marketplaces
           | like Nifty Gateway for visual NFT's and some under
           | development for music NFTs.
           | 
           | But...
           | 
           | Right now, Etheriums soaring 'gas' prices are basically
           | freezing new entrants into the market. The cost of 'minting'
           | a token on the blockchain right now - say an image or
           | animation on rarible.com, is enormous. Worse, the gas cost of
           | purchasing an NFT can be triple the sale price. It's the
           | equivalent of a varying, unpredictable rate of VAT in the
           | hundreds of percent. This is having a knock on effect on all
           | the NFT markets. Maybe it can be solved by Etherium 2.0, but
           | right now Ether isn't fit for purpose for NFTs. Tying the
           | cost of smart contract 'gas' to the value of the digital
           | currency made this inevitable.
        
             | suikadayo wrote:
             | We don't have to wait for Eth2, there are several L2
             | solutions in the works right now like Optimism and Polygon
        
               | dbspin wrote:
               | They're not supported on any of the popular NFT trading /
               | minting sites. That economy is currently built around
               | ETH.
        
             | peter_l_downs wrote:
             | Couldn't agree more that NFTs are theoretically very
             | interesting but the way they work right now is absolute
             | garbage. See this experience report:
             | https://freezine.xyz/4/nfts/index.html
        
               | dbspin wrote:
               | I don't think this is particularly an issue with the way
               | NFTs work - except in regard to their choice of Ether,
               | and Ether's current issue with gas prices. I think
               | there's a lot of potential in the existing markets. It's
               | really specifically a problem with the economics of
               | trading them, caused by the inflation in transaction
               | costs of Ether.
               | 
               | Article you linked the artists issue is that he couldn't
               | find a market for his art. Which kind of misses the
               | point.
               | 
               | "Then I asked around if anyone wanted to buy it. The boys
               | in the groupchat weren't interested. Neither were any of
               | my twitter followers. Damn."
               | 
               | Sure you could get lucky with being early into a highly
               | speculative market, but by and large this is like patreon
               | or kickstarter or anything else online. If there's a
               | potential market for what you're making or doing, it's a
               | new (and potentially lucrative) way to tap into it. It
               | doesn't generate a new demand for work that doesn't have
               | (or can't generate) an audience on its own. NFTs aren't a
               | form of advertising, certainly not a particularly
               | effective one.
               | 
               | Also the artist initially used Zora (which I've never
               | heard of), rather than Rarible or Opensea, or Mintable or
               | Snark or any of the better known open markets.
               | 
               | On rarible he set his royalties to 25% (rather than the
               | usual 10%) which obviously discourages speculative
               | investment. He also set the cost of his first art piece
               | to 1 ETH! Crazy high for an unknown artist.
               | 
               | The article kind of seems like a snarky joke, but if it
               | is one I'm not sure what the punchline is, given he
               | really did spend the money and really does seem to want
               | to sell the NFTs. I think it's more likely a case of
               | irony employed as a defence mechanism.
               | 
               | We have someone who self confesses he doesn't understand
               | the market, making a remix piece quickly and half
               | assedly, selling it at a high rate across multiple
               | markets, without an audience or any interest in what is
               | popular there. I mean I get it, who wants to miss the
               | gold rush? But it's not a useful barometer of NFTs.
               | 
               | Currently all the real money is being made by selective
               | services who primarily work with digital artists who have
               | an existing following, or make work they think will reach
               | an audience - sites like niftygateway.com or superrare.co
               | 
               | The work that's selling well is generally excellent. And
               | sure, there is something inherently ridiculous in the
               | idea of 'owning' a piece of digital art. But no more so
               | that owning a numbered print or piece of video art by a
               | renowned artist, or hell a cardigan owned by Kurt Cobain.
               | All of which have real, established and ongoing value.
        
           | antupis wrote:
           | I would say NFT and micropayments are killer apps. It would
           | be fantastic if we had browser addon where you can 1-click
           | pay something like 0.01$ to read article.
           | 
           | NFT for gaming is going to be huge industry eg pro-gamers
           | could sell their character skins same way now eg basketball
           | players sell their jerseys or you could import that
           | Hearthstone deck to complete new game.
        
             | heterodoxxed wrote:
             | | _1-click pay something like 0.01$ to read article._
             | 
             | How would this work in a way that takes gas/fees into
             | consideration?
        
               | somebodythere wrote:
               | Do it in a state channel or rollup.
        
               | Clewza313 wrote:
               | That's kind of the point: it's completely infeasible to
               | do microtransactions with Ethereum, much less Bitcoin. At
               | time of writing it costs around $23 (!) to do a single
               | ETH transaction.
        
               | _alex_ wrote:
               | There are several lightning network (payment channel
               | layer on top of bitcoin) paywalls where you can pay 1/10
               | of a cent to read an article. The tech exists, its now an
               | adoption problem
        
               | aabbcc1241 wrote:
               | We can if the network is not full of professional miners.
               | If every user has a practical chance to pack their
               | transaction into a block.
        
               | suikadayo wrote:
               | It'll be possible with L2 like Optimism which will be out
               | for the public next month.
        
             | martin_a wrote:
             | For micropayments, there has been flattr. Wasn't really
             | accepted and won't get better if you somehow put a
             | blockchain in there.
             | 
             | For the second: Just go with gumroad or Paypal or whatnot.
             | 
             | Your points just prove, that there's no need for blockchain
             | after all.
        
               | antupis wrote:
               | Maybe nanopayment would be better term I mean like truly
               | small amounts not something like 3$ like flattr or 1$
               | like Gumroad.
        
               | martin_a wrote:
               | Just flattr more things so your monthly amount get
               | distributed more. I think that should work and there's no
               | "lower limit" on how much a single click is worth.
               | 
               | But yeah, it would be nice if you could set a fixed
               | amount per button, like 10 Cent for an article or
               | something like that.
        
             | afasen wrote:
             | I present you https://yalls.org/
        
           | cnasc wrote:
           | > The second killer app is NFTs, basically the exchange of
           | art on the chain.
           | 
           | NFTs aren't exclusively art. For example, I previously worked
           | at https://unlock-protocol.com/ which uses NFTs to signify
           | membership
        
         | ccortes wrote:
         | It's not. Maybe if somehow egass fees go down, right now they
         | are so high that even bitcoin is a better alternative.
         | 
         | I think the author is equating ethereum with stable coins?
        
       | ilaksh wrote:
       | Well.. Ethereum isn't very trendy anymore, that's true. But I
       | still think it has tons of promise and they are making a lot of
       | progress on 2.0. I feel like its amazing some people are thinking
       | of giving up on it before 2.0 gets launched.
       | 
       | I did actually buy some DOT on Kraken today though. Because that
       | also looks like an amazing project. And in the end, everything is
       | basically a popularity contest. So regardless of technicals,
       | momentum, or anything else, Ethereum could actually become
       | completely uncool in X months or years. And PolkaDOT or something
       | no one knows about could be what everyone uses. Maybe after WWIII
       | its the digitual yuan for a few years.. but then the
       | superintelligent robots take over a few years later and everyone
       | has to use metashekels or whatever that human brains can't even
       | comprehend.
       | 
       | libp2p looks really useful by the way.
        
       | squaredpants wrote:
       | Well, for the gas fees and scalability issues there's always
       | avalanche [1] ...
       | 
       | I feel like there's a project that already solves most of
       | ethereum problems _now_ , but it's been slept on for a while.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.avalabs.org/
        
       | lazzlazzlazz wrote:
       | The Hacker News community has long been anti-crypto, and as
       | someone deeply involved in the space, these long threads of
       | complaints and diatribes are difficult to handle. Everyone is
       | missing so much context.
       | 
       | Ethereum gas prices are astronomical because there's
       | unprecedented demand to use the network: NFT art and collectibles
       | are exploding (NBA TopShot, Foundation, SuperRare, Rarible,
       | OpenSea, etc.) at the same time DeFi applications (Uniswap,
       | Compound, Maker, Aave, Balancer, etc.) are at all time highs.
       | 
       | This is the time, in my mind, that it's most exciting to work in
       | crypto, and on Ethereum: demand has been proven and has been
       | sustained (every block full for 1+ year).
       | 
       | The naysayers who think this is all for a quick buck are missing
       | the pattern and listening too much to the (admittedly, insanely
       | loud and annoying) shills.
        
         | dTal wrote:
         | >The Hacker News community has long been anti-crypto
         | 
         | Are we really allowing blockchains to annex the word "crypto"?
         | "Crypto" is "cryptography". HN is not "anti-crypto", it is
         | staunchly pro-encryption.
        
         | cblconfederate wrote:
         | Tech has major entrenched interests in maintening the financial
         | status quo
        
         | Retric wrote:
         | HN seems wildly pro crypto compared to most places. It's like
         | Tesla which isn't universally supported, but still gets a lot
         | more coverage than Ford.
         | 
         | People do bring up quite reasonable objections like
         | environmental costs, but it stories get a lot of upvotes and
         | suggesting many people are strong supporters.
        
           | keithtom wrote:
           | Re environmental costs, I have yet to hear anyone make an
           | analysis of the environmental cost of the banking system or
           | an equivalent; that is, how much to warm all the offices, the
           | computers and servers, the transportation costs of cars &
           | planes for all the employees.
           | 
           | Also, proof of stake will reduce 99% of the environmental
           | cost.
        
             | shuckles wrote:
             | This whataboutism ignores the logic of the question: the
             | banking system is not incentivized to burn power. You would
             | expect each node to try to minimize their input costs to
             | maximize returns. For a given unit of compute, putting in
             | more energy does not increase profits for any participant
             | in the traditional banking system. This isn't the case for
             | cryptocurrencies, so they are asked a fair question.
        
               | svachalek wrote:
               | This isn't the case for Proof of Work cryptocurrencies.
               | Many newer networks are moving away from the POW model.
        
               | shuckles wrote:
               | There might be an answer to the original question. I was
               | pointing out, "But what about banks!?" is simply not a
               | good one, and why it isn't.
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | Comparing the banking sector to crypto is wildly
             | optimistic. Crypto is still smaller than just the Gold
             | market both in number of transactions and total stored
             | value of 9.4 trillion. Gold transactions, mining, and
             | storage still produces significantly less CO2 while also
             | being useful in industry.
             | 
             | That's not meant as an attack, it's simply a ballpark
             | comparison. For those pro crypto take it a sign of possible
             | future growth.
        
             | TomSwirly wrote:
             | > I have yet to hear anyone make an analysis of the
             | environmental cost of the banking system
             | 
             | I immediately found this:
             | https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-01-26/is-
             | bit...
             | 
             | "One Bitcoin transaction would generate the CO2 equivalent
             | to 706,765 swipes of a Visa credit card,"
             | 
             | Another way to look at it:
             | 
             | Bitcoin uses over 0.5% of the world's electricity:
             | https://interestingengineering.com/why-bitcoin-mining-
             | consum...
             | 
             | With that, Bitcoin does about 300,000 transactions a day.
             | https://www.statista.com/statistics/730806/daily-number-
             | of-b...
             | 
             | But there are over a billion daily credit card transactions
             | alone - 3000 times as much.
             | 
             | So if each credit card transaction were replaced by a
             | Bitcoin transaction, we'd use 30 times as much electricity
             | as the entire planet produces.
             | 
             | ---
             | 
             | These numbers are so grossly lopsided and so widely bandied
             | about that when I hear someone say, "I have yet to hear
             | anyone make an analysis of the environmental cost" I think,
             | "Perhaps you don't want to hear it."
        
             | ohgodplsno wrote:
             | The banking system _exists_. It's what powers all our daily
             | transactions. It's what has been tried and tested for
             | hundreds of years, and got regulated. Even if Ethereum or
             | coin-of-the-week takes off, this existing banking system
             | will not go away. What you're doing is a well known crypto-
             | lover tactic to distract from the fact that
             | cryptocurrencies are an ecological catastrophe.
             | 
             | Meanwhile, we're burning coal to produce bitcoin whose only
             | value is that number gets green and goes up. Eth is
             | slightly better on that point, but still wasted multiple
             | TWh of electricity while it was in PoW mode, and it still
             | is today.
        
               | Karunamon wrote:
               | I strongly disagree with this loaded characterization of
               | mining as "waste". Converting power into value is the
               | _opposite_ of waste, and that 's not even addressing the
               | network security that it provides. Mining provides useful
               | work. If you don't like cryptocurrency, fine, but don't
               | pretend that no value is being created or that no purpose
               | exists.
               | 
               | Waste would be an incandescent bulb that throws away the
               | majority of its energy generating heat that isn't used
               | for any purpose.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | The issue isn't the useful product of light or a
               | functional crypto system, the issue is the amount of
               | waste heat produced by the light bulb or data center.
               | 
               | This should be obvious when you consider proof of work
               | systems that generate less waste heat by using a memory
               | bound rather than a computationally bound algorithm. They
               | both operate on the principle of wealth destruction as
               | all proof of work algorithms do, but you get different
               | externalities.
               | 
               | Interestingly, if you found something really useful to do
               | with the waste heat of crypto then the systems would
               | become roughly equivalent.
               | 
               | PS: The idea of a memory bound algorithm is 1 million
               | dollars of RAM consumes less energy than 1 million
               | dollars of ASIC's.
        
               | Karunamon wrote:
               | _the issue is the amount of waste heat produced by the
               | light bulb or data center._
               | 
               | ..which in the case of the average crypto, is
               | overshadowed many times over. One block mined equates to
               | $333K worth BTC generated alone, and that 's not counting
               | the value of every transaction included in that block. A
               | block happens every 10 minutes give or take, so in an
               | hour, that's about 2 million worth of coin generated and
               | 13K transactions.
               | 
               | There's no way on earth every bitcoin miner, combined, is
               | using $2M+ worth of electricity every hour, even
               | factoring in negative environmental externalities (which
               | in the case of crypto mining, will be lower than most
               | people think given their proximity to renewable, hence
               | cheap, energy.)
               | 
               | It is, _objectively speaking_ , not a waste.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Coal power plants generate more value in the from of
               | electricity than they lose value as waste heat. Otherwise
               | they wouldn't operate. But, clearly the creation of value
               | is independent of something being wasted as you can have
               | more or less efficient power plants that generate the
               | same value using more or less fuel and thus more or less
               | waste heat.
               | 
               | Similarly, as I just pointed out different algorithms
               | would use more or less energy and therefore be more or
               | less efficient. Thus the heat produced is a waste
               | byproduct mining, and electricity is the fuel. A more
               | efficient process simply uses less fuel though it may
               | have higher capital costs.
               | 
               | The same is true of say cars, you're burning gas because
               | driving is useful. But, increasing efficiency means less
               | fuel while creating identical value etc etc.
        
               | Karunamon wrote:
               | But that heat you speak of applies to any kind of long-
               | running computation. Whether that be render farms, ML
               | model training, distributed computing like BOINC, or
               | anything else with similar properties.
               | 
               | It seems to me that crypto is being unfairly singled out.
               | Things that are digital have meaningful existence.
        
               | TomSwirly wrote:
               | It's a complete waste. It turns energy into nothing at
               | all.
        
             | MagnumOpus wrote:
             | The banking system does a lot of other things than
             | transaction processing. Mortgages, loans commercial
             | banking, trade finance, acquisition financing etc are 95%
             | of what banks do, and cryptocoins won't replace them in any
             | way.
             | 
             | Of course even if you count all that, the power consumption
             | per transaction will be at least five orders of magnitude
             | lower than the 0.6MWh per transaction in BTC.
        
         | cbdumas wrote:
         | What do you see as the killer use case for crypto
         | currency/blockchain/smart contracts, etc.? I mined a few Eth in
         | the very early days, and hung onto it until selling recently. I
         | sold because I couldn't convince myself they had any value not
         | based on the "greater fool theory". Was I wrong?
        
           | pacoWebConsult wrote:
           | One, IMO, is a provably fair casino (Blackjack, Poker, etc.)
           | that is decentralized and unregulatable.
        
           | akudha wrote:
           | I have the same question too. Beyond speculation/greed, what
           | are real world use cases of blockchain that can't be done
           | with existing/mature tech? Nano seems nice for instant fee-
           | less transfer. Other than that?
        
             | splintercell wrote:
             | Take for instance, my cousin's husband in India, who
             | currently holds a bunch of black money in either INR or in
             | gold, can buy stablecoins such as DAI, then park it in
             | various DeFi solutions to earn a nice return on it. So not
             | only he is gaining an exposure in Dollar instead of a
             | highly inflationary currency like INR, he is also able to
             | make it work instead of burying it in a bag until he needs
             | it.
             | 
             | Before you start with the morality of the situation, just
             | ignore that. You wanted to see a real use case, and I am
             | telling you about it.
             | 
             | As it turns out, not everyone shares your moral code, or
             | lives in the similar legal system which allows them the
             | similar property rights.
             | 
             | Replace that person with a Venezuelan whose currency is
             | completely destroyed and Venezuelan Americans are trying to
             | provide their families with money.
        
               | akudha wrote:
               | Ok, that makes sense. I need to read up on DeFi, don't
               | know much about it.
        
           | rawtxapp wrote:
           | Borrowing, lending, decentralized exchanges, innovations like
           | flash loans that are just not possible in current financial
           | system.
           | 
           | The sky is the limit in terms of innovations possible, it's
           | literally some code running on the global computer that is
           | Ethereum.
        
             | humaniania wrote:
             | Not only are all those things possible (other than
             | decentralized, because that has a high cost and no tangible
             | benefit) in the normal banking system but there's apps for
             | them already. And they are from regulated companies and you
             | have legal protections.
        
               | trident5000 wrote:
               | Maybe people are tired of getting an anal probe just to
               | open an account and move money/ complete financial
               | transactions today?
        
               | nostrademons wrote:
               | Flash loans aren't really; nobody will lend you money
               | against zero collateral that you pay back instantaneously
               | after a transaction, because in the traditional banking
               | system there's always a risk of default and a transaction
               | cost for enforcing your rights in case of default. With a
               | flash loan the whole transaction fails if at the end of
               | the transaction you don't have sufficient funds to pay it
               | back, while you're guaranteed payback if it succeeds.
        
               | gamblor956 wrote:
               | A flash loan is a loan you pay back immediately...
               | 
               | So you're right, this isn't a thing that exists today
               | outside of crypto because it's not needed outside of
               | crypto. Someone who can pay a loan back _as part of the
               | same transaction_ in which the loan is issued is not a
               | default risk, and in the real world you just don 't
               | bother with the loan: you just pay for the underlying
               | transaction directly.
        
             | skybrian wrote:
             | How does borrowing work in an automated, trustless
             | environment? Doesn't someone have to decide whether you're
             | likely to pay back the loan with money you haven't earned
             | yet?
        
               | tarsinge wrote:
               | Look up Aave it's Open Source, I was surprised at first
               | but it seems to work. Also flash loans are an interesting
               | new financial tool previously not available for
               | individuals.
        
               | rawtxapp wrote:
               | It's over-collaterized, so you put more crypto than the
               | loan value.
               | 
               | You might say "why the hell would I do that?", in order
               | of importance: 1) you hold on to your asset's
               | appreciation, 2) access the liquidity, 3) avoid capital
               | gains tax.
        
               | lasc4r wrote:
               | So the killer use case is a scheme to avoid capital gains
               | taxes? Sounds about right.
        
               | throwaway829 wrote:
               | You realize elites are already doing this with USD. It's
               | not unique to crypto.
        
               | langitbiru wrote:
               | I think in the past someone mentioned about under-
               | collaterized loan. It's based on your reputation. The
               | idea is you use your Ethereum account to do activities.
               | Based on these activities, people could give you a loan.
               | Such activities can be something like answering questions
               | (imagine Stackoverflow but the authentication runs on
               | Ethereum).
        
               | skybrian wrote:
               | Okay, but it seems like the reputation evaluation isn't
               | automated, so this is more like fundraising?
        
               | tarsinge wrote:
               | You can do loans with no collateral at all if you use
               | flash loans.
        
               | skybrian wrote:
               | Okay, but that seems like a pretty small niche? Most
               | people don't borrow just to save money on taxes on their
               | cryptocurrency gains.
        
               | rawtxapp wrote:
               | They might borrow to hold on to their asset's
               | appreciation.
        
               | skybrian wrote:
               | You could lock in the gain by selling at the current
               | price, so that still sounds like tax avoidance. Or
               | possibly leverage, if you think the price will go up
               | more?
        
               | rawtxapp wrote:
               | Yes, you could leverage, you could hedge yourself by
               | buying stocks. Or you could just spend the money on
               | whatever else you want.
        
               | parliament32 wrote:
               | You have to put down collateral. Same idea as reverse
               | mortgages on houses, or taking out an RSP-backed LOC.
        
         | albntomat0 wrote:
         | As an outsider missing context, what are the answers to the
         | following? They are all valid questions that come up every
         | time, and aren't well answered, given my research into them.
         | 
         | - Is the long term alternatives to PoW actually viable, given
         | the huge power consumption of cryptocurrency currently?
         | 
         | - Are the valid use cases (other than drugs, ransomware and
         | speculation) worth the valuation?
         | 
         | - If Tether collapses, due to the reports of its sketchiness,
         | what will the shock to cryptocurrency, broadly speaking, be?
        
           | lazzlazzlazz wrote:
           | 1. This has been resolved for years. See Celo and NEAR as
           | examples of fully-programmable Proof of Stake blockchains
           | that are live.
           | 
           | 2. Yes.
           | 
           | 3. It'll be a significant issue for decentralized exchanges
           | and liquidity pools, but far from existential. The seasonal
           | Tether FUD is generally overstated. (I have done a detailed
           | analysis of this, but it exceeds the scope of this
           | conversation.)
        
             | csa wrote:
             | > 2. Yes.
             | 
             | This is sadly a non-answer to the question posed.
             | 
             | I am asked this question all the time by people I know, and
             | the best I can come up with is illegal activities, super
             | niche tech applications (e.g., DNS name reg), and
             | libertarian fantasies.
             | 
             | You have an audience here at HN who is more than willing to
             | advocate for cryptocurrencies if they/we can be shown a
             | compelling use case.
             | 
             | "Yes" is not an obvious compelling use case.
             | 
             | Please elaborate.
        
               | lazzlazzlazz wrote:
               | I have this discussion at least once a week. What would
               | you build if you could deploy an uninterruptible,
               | transparently verifiable, fully autonomous software
               | application? I promise you that we can discuss many
               | examples (any kind of marketplace or platform but with
               | community governance and no rents, decentralized
               | exchanges, global-by-default payments, highly
               | interoperable and efficient financial infrastructure),
               | but what would you build?
               | 
               | That's the answer to your question.
        
               | csa wrote:
               | I will be sure to relay this answer to my non-tech
               | friends who ask about cryptocurrencies.
               | 
               | I'm sure this answer will send them running to buy.
               | 
               | /s
               | 
               | All joking aside, for a conversation you say you have
               | weekly, this is a really lame answer due to the
               | abstractness of it.
               | 
               | My guess is the reason you don't give concrete answers is
               | because either tech already exists for that use case or
               | non-crypto tech could be easily developed if it doesn't
               | already exist.
               | 
               | Please, please, prove me wrong. I want to be a crypto
               | fan, but vague answers like the ones you provided above
               | are the reason a lot of people think crypto is smoke and
               | mirrors and/or snake oil salesmen.
        
               | svachalek wrote:
               | Check out UniSwap and Aave if you haven't before. If
               | those aren't compelling use cases, tell your friends to
               | stay away.
        
           | als0 wrote:
           | > - Is the long term alternatives to PoW actually viable,
           | given the huge power consumption of cryptocurrency currently?
           | 
           | PoS and derived schemes like DPoS have been sound on paper.
           | Their drawbacks have largely been accepted by the community
           | as a good tradeoff for most usage models. However, it can
           | take years of "production" usage to get a good feeling about
           | the long term macro economics, so I wouldn't expect a
           | straight answer to this. The good news is that there will be
           | plenty of big tier networks like ETH2 and EOS experimenting
           | with different variants.
        
           | als0 wrote:
           | > - Are the valid use cases (other than drugs, ransomware and
           | speculation) worth the valuation?
           | 
           | I think it's fair to say that the current valuation of
           | cryptocurrencies have nothing to do with their tech or use
           | cases. These markets have the same signs as the dot com
           | bubble. However, there are valid use cases if you're willing
           | to search for them. One of them is decentralized DNS name
           | registration without third parties like GoDaddy or ICANN
           | (https://handshake.org/), though this is a market, not a
           | currency per say.
        
           | cryptograthor wrote:
           | 1. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/proof-stake-pos.asp
           | Yes, proof of stake is exactly that. 2. Read the above
           | comment and search some of those companies 3. Binance props
           | Tether up, so the largest Centralized exchange may suffer
           | dramatically, but a Tether collapse would likely drive users
           | into better stablecoin projects like USDC and DAI, being
           | generally good for the space
        
           | parliament32 wrote:
           | - Is there anything actually wrong with PoW? It's fun to say
           | it's "wasted" electricity, but we "waste" more power,
           | resources, and man-hours in other trivialities (eg. video
           | games) without really caring.
           | 
           | - Read the whitepaper of whichever crypto you're asking
           | about. The answer is "it depends", because each one exists to
           | fill a different niche.
           | 
           | - Nobody really cares about Tether, so probably nothing.
        
             | drcode wrote:
             | A failure of tether would certainly cause a ton of market
             | volatility, but there's enough tether substitutes for the
             | markets to adjust pretty quickly. Sure, the failure might
             | freeze a lot of funds and depress market caps a bit in the
             | process.
        
               | parliament32 wrote:
               | Personally I doubt it. Look at the market volumes --
               | everyone who wants to trade shitcoins just does it with
               | BTC pairs, and most of the big boy exchanges support USD-
               | BTC directly.. tether was a good idea when exchanges
               | didn't want to mess with USD but that's not really the
               | case anymore.
        
               | drcode wrote:
               | I think for many people it's still hard to temporarily
               | and quickly exit a long BTC or long ETH position, but
               | daytraders want to do this with great frequency.
               | 
               | This is doubly true for people outside the US, not to
               | mention people who are trying to skirt capgain taxes. Of
               | course, an argument could also be made that a tether
               | failure would cause people to flee to BTC or ETH and
               | paradoxically cause prices to rise.
        
             | nitrogen wrote:
             | If actual, real consumers and professionals can't buy gear
             | because it's being hoarded by miners, yeah, that's pretty
             | wasteful (as in, a thing that consumes vast resources
             | without benefiting very many people).
        
               | als0 wrote:
               | Agreed. ASICs have really destroyed the spirit of mining,
               | and may hint that the Bitcoin style PoW algorithms are in
               | fact not a senible type of proof.
               | 
               | Memory-hard PoW algorithms, rather than computational
               | ones, might be one way to reduce the amount of energy.
               | Memory is expensive regardless of whether you make ASICs
               | or use regular PCs.
        
               | parliament32 wrote:
               | Heaven forbid the manufacturers actually, you know,
               | increase production to meet the demand for their
               | hardware.
        
               | Jtsummers wrote:
               | Haha. That doesn't always work.
               | 
               | The present demand is spurred by the boom phase of a
               | potential boom-bust cycle (similar to oil). You have two
               | (actually more) sources of demand: crypto, conventional
               | buyers (retail and industry customers). If they adjust
               | production upward (which requires an investment of
               | capital) to meet the present demand then they reduce
               | their profit, prices will go up (at least a bit) to
               | compensate. But they also face another risk: what if
               | there's a _bust_? If the crypto demand for hardware
               | bottoms out (whether because of a change in crypto or
               | having satisfied the demand) they will be left with
               | excess capacity and potentially excess inventory. The
               | increased production capacity may be able to be
               | redirected to other productive endeavors, or it may just
               | end up idle. And the excess inventory has to be sold off
               | at a potential loss as the hardware becomes worth less
               | and less as each day passes (plus holding inventory costs
               | money).
               | 
               | Instead, if they leave production as is (or only increase
               | it slightly) they can virtually guarantee their products
               | will sell out and increase the prices because they know
               | people will continue to buy it. Obviously, the retail and
               | industry customers get screwed because they have less
               | profit to make (if any) directly off the hardware
               | purchase, but the miners will continue to buy almost
               | without regard to the price because their profits
               | (presently) justify the investment.
        
             | wallacoloo wrote:
             | > Is there anything actually wrong with PoW?
             | 
             | There's more wrong with PoW besides just environmental
             | effects. PoW creates different incentives for a
             | blockchain's miners than for its users. Often these are
             | conflicting, and have a tendency to gridlock the protocol
             | development. This is especially pronounced today in
             | Ethereum where the majority of users are in favor of
             | certain protocol upgrades that would scale throughput, but
             | miners are opposed to it because it comes at an economic
             | cost to them.
             | 
             | There's no inherent reason for this dichotomy between users
             | and miners: if it's the same people using the protocol as
             | securing it, you'd expect to have better outcomes for
             | everyone. PoS makes it so that the users are also the ones
             | securing the protocol. It's not _perfect_ alignment, but it
             | is much more aligned than the miner/user split in POW.
        
         | treelovinhippie wrote:
         | If you joined the Ethereum community in 2014-2016, topics like
         | DeFi and NFT were not in the discussions. These things are pure
         | speculative bullshit imported wholesale from the established
         | financial system.
         | 
         | The point of Ethereum was to build an open world computer, to
         | decentralize power, to build collective intelligence, and to
         | supersede the corrupt global financial system with non-
         | speculative economic models that served the needs of humanity
         | and the planet.
        
         | trident5000 wrote:
         | HN doesnt like blockchain because its disrupting their jobs.
        
         | chaostheory wrote:
         | I'm going to agree
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=599852
         | 
         | The only surprise is that HN is still a terrible place to
         | discuss crypto. Not many posters or commenters seem to have
         | much knowledge, which is strange for HN
        
           | chowells wrote:
           | Maybe somehow they simultaneously have plenty of knowledge
           | and don't agree with you.
           | 
           | So in the spirit of education - what amazing things are there
           | about ethereum or Bitcoin that will change my mind about
           | their intrinsic value that I don't already know? (My current
           | opinion is that the intrinsic value of PoW systems is
           | negative due to low actual utility and very high cost.)
        
             | chaostheory wrote:
             | I like seeing things that have deep criticism of crypto and
             | not just cheerleader blog posts. There are few on HN, the
             | only notable ones aside from this post is the Tether
             | fiasco. Most commenters did not seem very familiar with
             | either subject vs others on HN. Maybe it's my imagination?
        
               | chowells wrote:
               | It's true there hasn't been a lot interesting going on.
               | Though I'd argue the Dark Forest articles on Ethereum
               | recovery were quite fascinating for illuminating a
               | possibility I hadn't predicted and doing so quite
               | lucidly. Of course, the message I took from the series as
               | a whole was that this is a world full of people out to
               | exploit your mistakes and the way to get around them is
               | to have private connections external to the blockchain,
               | so... It didn't shine a positive light, either.
               | 
               | But really, it kind of feels like the Tether
               | investigation is the only thing shaking up the ecosystem
               | in an interesting way, and it's doing so at a glacial
               | pace. There really isn't much else new to say.
        
             | georgeecollins wrote:
             | I tend to agree with your point of view that the utility
             | (non-bitcoin) cryptocurrencies are something people who
             | don't fully understand are really excited about, but that
             | some experts dismiss.
             | 
             | For me in my daily work, this manifests itself as companies
             | that want to use more obscure currencies as a transaction
             | method in games. I say: "That currency is not on a lot of
             | servers, how will you protect against 51% attacks?" They
             | say: "All transactions are also verified by trusted
             | servers.." So does the person understand what they are
             | talking about, or are they used to talking to people
             | (investors / business partners) who don't have a great
             | understanding. Doubts raised.
             | 
             | However: There are times when experts dismiss new things
             | and are wrong. So I try to keep an open mind.
        
             | rudderz wrote:
             | What's the intrinsic value of USD? It's a garbage pre-mined
             | token that's continually debased at the behest of a cabal
             | of rich bankers so they can purchase real assets and
             | consolidate the world's wealth. The petrodollar isn't
             | exactly efficient either, considering the costs of the
             | military industrial complex.
             | 
             | Every year the USD is worth less. Every year BTC is worth
             | more.
             | 
             | Hope that helps.
        
               | chowells wrote:
               | Nope. That's the sort of argument that makes your
               | position weaker. You see, USD has a government that
               | asserts it is legal tender for all debts within its
               | borders and military power to back up those assertions.
               | 
               | These are the sort of real-world constraints that you
               | can't just ignore. Attempting to do so makes me less
               | charitable towards other assertions you might make. You
               | come across as an idealist talking about their perfect
               | dream world, not someone describing reality. Now don't
               | get me wrong - it's important to have a perfect dream
               | world. If you aren't working towards something, what
               | _are_ you doing?
               | 
               | But at the same time, you have to accept that "this
               | system is perfect, if you also change these thousand
               | other things" is not compelling to someone who doesn't
               | share your idea of utopia. To convince someone like me,
               | you have to explain how the system improves the world as
               | it exists now.
        
               | rudderz wrote:
               | > These are the sort of real-world constraints that you
               | can't just ignore.
               | 
               | These constraints were drafted by a handful of rich white
               | bankers in a secret meeting. I have no problem ignoring
               | their constraints. It seems you do.
               | 
               | Can you imagine all the hot-takes HN would generate if
               | email were invented today?
               | 
               | "You can't just encroach on the sovereignty of USPS like
               | that" "Electronic Mail doesn't do anything the pony-
               | express can't do" "If we allow Electron Mail then how do
               | we attach a postage stamp"
               | 
               | Email adoption, like Crypto doesn't require convincing
               | the entire population. The laggards will join eventually.
        
               | chowells wrote:
               | While it's tempting to conflate the beneficiaries of our
               | problems with those who created them, reality is not that
               | simple. Blaming things on an all-powerful cabal of
               | bankers is nearing QAnon levels of seeking a small number
               | of people to blame for systemic issues. That sort of
               | reductionism isn't useful. Action taken based on it is
               | going to never touch any real problem. At most it'll
               | change who benefits from them.
               | 
               | I think we can do better.
               | 
               | (As for your email counterfactual... Why? Do you find it
               | an effective rhetorical tactic to imagine what people
               | might do instead of looking at what people have done?)
        
               | rudderz wrote:
               | "I believe that banking institutions are more dangerous
               | to our liberties than standing armies," Jefferson wrote.
               | "If the American people ever allow private banks to
               | control the issue of their currency, first by inflation,
               | then by deflation, the banks and corporations that will
               | grow up around(these banks) will deprive the people of
               | all property until their children wake up homeless on the
               | continent their fathers conquered."
               | 
               | This Jeff guy, what a radical. Probably will never amount
               | to anything.
        
               | TomSwirly wrote:
               | I remember when email became a thing.
               | 
               | No one said those things. Why would they?
        
             | la_fayette wrote:
             | That is just boring...
        
           | barkingcat wrote:
           | Not strange at all!
        
         | TomSwirly wrote:
         | It's been ten years. The killer app for crypto is just one
         | thing - crime. Money laundering, tax evasion, purchasing
         | contraband.
         | 
         | And yes, people have made a lot of money on pure speculation
         | too. That's not an application.
         | 
         | Until we see some actual real-world uses for crypto - full-
         | time, serious uses, not someone buying a pizza as a demo - that
         | aren't crime, we have every logical reason to be desperately
         | skeptical of this overhyped technology.
        
         | samvher wrote:
         | I feel like the general tendency on HN (and my personal feeling
         | about the subject) is one of interest in the tech and
         | applications, but a feeling that the hype is bigger than the
         | truth.
         | 
         | The ideas that Ethereum is innovative, that there are lots of
         | possibilities in cryptocurrencies/blockchain, that at the
         | moment the scene has major environmental issues, and that the
         | current high valuations are unjustified, to my mind can all be
         | true at the same time.
        
           | jcrubino wrote:
           | The key innovation and premise behind Ethereum was to use a
           | virtual machine to enable smart contracts on blockchains. Now
           | virtual machine interpreters for blockchains is common if not
           | standard. Tough to imagine Ethereum failing any promises
           | based on that premise.
        
           | trident5000 wrote:
           | Blockchain dapps can potentially threaten HN jobs so its not
           | exactly a hit on here.
        
         | jordanmarshall wrote:
         | Help me understand the appeal of NFT art. I love digital art,
         | but I don't see the appeal of spending money to get the token
         | certifying you as the owner. The image/work is still out there
         | and can be viewed/downloaded by other people. You don't even
         | control it, unless the artist agrees to send you all of the
         | files and delete them on his or her system. Your name doesn't
         | even appear next to the piece when people look at it.
         | 
         | Sure, usually the tokens come with a print, and you support the
         | artist, but those are things you can do via other means. What
         | is the NFT adding? It seems only slightly more authentic than
         | "buying" a star from a star registry.
        
           | nostrademons wrote:
           | Why do people buy originals rather than prints, often at a
           | 10x markup? Why do they get certified dog breeds rather than
           | mutts from the animal shelter? Why do people pay for skins
           | and unique items in video games? Why will people spend $300K
           | on a college degree when the coursework itself is available
           | for free on the Internet?
           | 
           | A lot of times, people just want a limited-supply token from
           | a third-party saying "yes, I paid for this, and that
           | distinguishes me from the hoi polloi who got it for free".
        
             | potta_coffee wrote:
             | A digital mcguffin doesn't have the properties of a unique
             | painting on a canvas.
        
           | megameter wrote:
           | NFTs are not easy to understand, but sit within the
           | intersection of these two questions:
           | 
           | 1. What is the value of art?
           | 
           | 2. What is the value of money?
           | 
           | When we look for analogues, they're of the industrial era,
           | things about intellectual property, branding, merchandise
           | etc. This is a way of directly speculating on an idea. Is it
           | a good idea? If so, then other people will want it, right?
           | Then, the token must have value. There are no gatekeepers or
           | enforcers to say otherwise.
           | 
           | We have barely begun to grasp what that means.
        
           | gnopgnip wrote:
           | It creates artificial scarcity for a digital product
        
           | moron4hire wrote:
           | NFT art seems like the dumbest/faddiest/scammiest idea to
           | come out of the crypto sure yet, and not just because the art
           | market is super faddy and maybe scammy already.
           | 
           | I know artists that think this is going to be their ticket.
           | But it was never the lack of crypto that kept them from
           | making money. It was the lack of any consumer value to their
           | art.
           | 
           | There are two ways to make money as an artist: you either
           | make a few, huge pieces that sell to very rich people (making
           | your yearly bank on one or two pieces), or you make a huge
           | number of easily reproduceable pieces that sell to the
           | general populace. The difficulty in both is not the creation
           | of the pieces. It's the marketing and sales pipeline. Both
           | rely on selling a purchaser a narrative on what the art will
           | mean to them. Exclusivity in the former, worldliness in the
           | latter.
           | 
           | If you can't crack that marketing problem, you're going to
           | ask equally zero pieces as NFT than as any other medium. And
           | if you _can_ crack that marketing problem, selling it as NFT
           | does nothing for you as the artist.
        
         | dorkwood wrote:
         | > The naysayers who think this is all for a quick buck are
         | missing the pattern and listening too much to the (admittedly,
         | insanely loud and annoying) shills.
         | 
         | I'm part of a community that's currently being overtaken by the
         | crypto art craze, and I'm still convinced it's "all for a quick
         | buck".
         | 
         | The crypto art economy seems to be driven by "collectors" who
         | will drop thousands of dollars on anyone who can get them more
         | exposure. People who have no followers and aren't tweeting
         | about NFTs every day generally don't get their art bought. Some
         | of these kids who made $10,000 off a png then feel some social
         | pressure to put some of that money back into the community, so
         | they purchase more crypto art with the proceeds.
         | 
         | Some collectors openly advertise their ongoing bids on social
         | media. They want people to see that they're dropping big money
         | on art. If it was a true art collector, wouldn't they not want
         | to be outbid? Wouldn't they be hoping that there were as few
         | people in the auction as possible? None of it smells right to
         | me.
        
           | nostrademons wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veblen_good
           | 
           | A lot of people buy art not because they like looking at it,
           | but because they want everyone to know that they have lots of
           | money to drop on worthless art purchases. This motivation is
           | reinforced if a.) everybody knows how much money they're
           | dropping on art purchases and b.) the price keeps going up,
           | yet they still win the bid. They _want_ the price to go up,
           | since a higher price just signifies how baller they are.
        
             | dorkwood wrote:
             | If that's the case, why hide behind a pseudonym that seems
             | like it was created purely for buying crypto art? I'm
             | looking at one right now -- their Twitter says they're a
             | "rare digital art collector", and links to their pages on
             | SuperRare and MakersPlace, but doesn't have any tweets, and
             | there's otherwise no identifiable information.
             | 
             | They've succeeded in demonstrating their wealth, but no one
             | has any idea who they are, which seems to poke a hole in
             | that theory.
        
             | ChainOfFools wrote:
             | How does anyone know that they aren't already connected to
             | the seller, and just passing 10,000 dollars from one wallet
             | address they own, to another they also own, to create the
             | appearance of a sale?
             | 
             | You get the same veblen bragging rights, the artist
             | (assuming they are not simply your own alter ego) gets a
             | visibility boost and nobody is going to be motivated enough
             | to go digging around the custody trail to prove this was a
             | sham.
             | 
             | This sleight of hand (in a slightly modified form) is
             | standard operating procedure for inflating the value of ICO
             | offerings (and by extension, crypto as a whole); I don't
             | see why people wouldn't do it for NFTs, with the same
             | motivations at work.
        
           | estaseuropano wrote:
           | Probably still just a big money laundering/tax evasion
           | operation, like much of the real art world...
        
         | megameter wrote:
         | Yep, this is it. There has been a graduation from toy to tool.
         | And...there is also rising demand for lower overheads to get
         | the same functionality, which means there is serious
         | competition for good tech now. If BTC and ETH are examples of
         | "worse is better", there are some Right Things just around the
         | corner.
        
         | PretzelPirate wrote:
         | I kind of agree with what I interpret the article as saying -
         | It was fun to work in the Ethereum space when people where
         | there to have fun and there wasn't so much money involved.
         | 
         | It's certainly not fun to contribute to Geth nowadays when
         | every bug can have huge consequences, and the community
         | constantly demands more performance so they can have lower
         | costs. Peter was very clear about the burnout this causes.
         | 
         | You can simplify that to - It's fun to work on things when
         | there isn't pressure to work on them.
         | 
         | I've run into this multiple times in my life, including in the
         | blockchain space, but it isn't really anything specific to
         | Ethereum. Though I do feel like the author has a limited view
         | and is attributing this to be something Ethereum specific.
        
           | bordercases wrote:
           | Not really something to be disappointed by, considering that
           | money would eventually have to be involved in fintech?
        
       | haolez wrote:
       | I was away from the crypto space for a while and I decided to try
       | shorting some currencies yesterday using a DEX based on Ethereum.
       | I wanted to create a position with 1000 dollars. The estimated
       | fee for my transaction was 490 dollars. Something is broken in
       | this environment.
        
         | artogahr wrote:
         | How does that even happen?
        
           | 3np wrote:
           | Limited transaction throughput (given by block size * block
           | time) + an open fee market where people outbid each other to
           | get priority.
           | 
           | The only reason it's this expensive is that there's enough
           | capital willing to pay the price.
        
           | eswat wrote:
           | Congested network + fees dictated by the complexity of smart
           | contracts being used (which would be much higer for something
           | like a DEX transaction).
        
           | px43 wrote:
           | Three things.
           | 
           | 1. The contract in questions is doing a lot more on chain
           | logic than it should be doing.
           | 
           | 2. The network is currently incredibly active, pushing up the
           | average gas cost per transaction.
           | 
           | 3. The price of Ethereum itself, in which gas price is
           | denominated, has risen about 10x in the past few months.
           | 
           | Usually the prices die down in a couple weeks, but if there
           | is concern that people are being priced out of the network
           | for an extended period of time, miners will raise the global
           | gas limit, and things will rapidly go back to "normal".
           | 
           | The thing is though, people are paying the high fees. This
           | chart has a really great breakdown of where all the fees have
           | been going to in the past 30 days:
           | https://ethgasstation.info/
        
             | zionic wrote:
             | The short version is that a seemingly large number of
             | people are willing to pay out of this world fees to trade
             | on a decentralized, uncensorable currency exchange. This is
             | consuming the entire chains resources at the moment. The
             | good news is that Uniswap (the top gas guzzler) is trying
             | to move to L2 within 90 days. That will allow cheap/instant
             | trades and L1 fees/usage will only occur when depositing or
             | withdrawing. This should free up a lot of network capacity,
             | and the high fees incentivize the devs to hurry up.
        
       | labrador wrote:
       | Most everything fun thing that I used to do is no longer fun
       | anymore.
        
         | jasonrodrigues wrote:
         | And that is?
        
           | labrador wrote:
           | I don't do the Macarena when the song comes on
        
       | KDJohnBrown wrote:
       | Why would someone expect cryptocurrencies to be fun? It's
       | fintech. Money isn't fun, it's money.
        
         | phire wrote:
         | A lot of bitcoin/cryptocurrency early adopters were there
         | because it's fun.
         | 
         | Especially in 2009 and 2010 before bitcoin proved it could have
         | value, but even up to about 2016, a lot of people still seemed
         | to be attracted due to the fun.
         | 
         | And a lot of those people ended up in leadership positions.
        
         | Darmody wrote:
         | There's more than money. Some coins like Ethereum have a
         | network behind them on top of which you can do a lot of stuff.
        
           | ben_bai wrote:
           | Like sia (siacoin) which is used to pay for distributed
           | storage. But still needs mining to keep going, which
           | distracts from it's purpose. Rent and lend storage space. I
           | which there where some other distributed consensus mechanism
           | which doesn't rely on massive mining.
        
             | erikbye wrote:
             | Lots of uses other than pure fin transactions. Most people
             | are blind to this.
             | 
             | E.g. https://golem.network/
        
       | bitcoin01 wrote:
       | And there I was entertaining the idea of becoming a smart
       | contract developer for fun and profit. Programmable money sounds
       | very appealing and I can see so many usecases... if only we could
       | use a proper language like Kotlin to develop smart contracts..
       | 
       | Any solidity dev that can give us some feedback of what it's like
       | to work full time on this platform? P
        
         | yulaow wrote:
         | Short answer: it is Hell.
         | 
         | Long answers:
         | 
         | - "linking libraries" between FE and blockchains are constantly
         | broken, have _a_lot_ of undefined behaviours, and their error
         | codes are few and totally opaque to what's really happening.
         | Bonus part: they also change fast, a lot, and mostly with
         | breaking changes. See web3.js and ether.js issues if you wanna
         | cry
         | 
         | - you mostly will have to use third party services like infura
         | or web browser plugins like metamask to get a working user
         | experience but it will be an extremely poor user experience. We
         | currently use metamask and we had a lot of problems with it,
         | and also it randomly fails making ofc the whole app
         | unresponsive if you don't code defensively of this behaviour.
         | Did I also said they frequently update it deprecating methods
         | and behaviours they suggested just some releases ago? Yeah,
         | enjoy.
         | 
         | - solidity is the standard language to write contracts and it
         | is literally the worst language I ever used, with a lot of
         | undefined behaviours I encounter daily. I cannot count the
         | times I had to spend a dozen of hours to find information in
         | obscure blogposts or issues about "hey don't use this language
         | construct with this evm version while passing this type of
         | parameter or the compiler will put a sort-of-nop instead of
         | what you really want". You better create an internal wiki or
         | you'll lose track of what you have to know to avoid to shoot
         | yourself in the foot constantly.
         | 
         | - The tools around solidity (Eg the whole Truffle suite) are
         | full of major and minor bugs, will fail on you without
         | explicitly telling why and the documentation is basically not
         | existent. The remix ide is barely passable but you have to use
         | a bunch of disconnected plugins to get something useful. The
         | plugins for common ides (webstorm) or text editor (vscode) are
         | useless at the moment of writing.
         | 
         | I'll be honest, I am still working on these dapps just because
         | I believe in the team I am in. If it was for the current state
         | of the technology and the relative constant feeling of burnout
         | I am accumulating, I would have RUN away months ago and moved
         | to a corp job in a super ""boring"" stack (currently thinking
         | about going the .netcore route).
        
           | bitcoin01 wrote:
           | Thanks for your feedback! I guess the grass always seem
           | greener on the other side. I'm the type of guy who don't
           | enjoy spending time around tooling build configs- I think
           | I'll wait until better tools come around. I believe they
           | will, and when the average developer can develop smart
           | contracts easily, it will be a lot of fun then.
        
           | mlqnw wrote:
           | Have you done any coding in Haskell? Any thoughts on
           | Cardano's decision to go with Haskell?:
           | https://forum.cardano.org/t/why-cardano-chose-haskell-and-
           | wh...
        
           | langitbiru wrote:
           | You know what? That makes me think. So I applied for YC with
           | a non-blockchain startup. In the application form, they asked
           | whether I had another idea. So I answered a development tool
           | for smart contracts / blockchain applications. A Jetbrain IDE
           | but for smart contracts.
           | 
           | I already develop Mamba (https://mamba.black). It's like
           | Truffle but for Python instead of JavaScript.
           | 
           | We'll see how it goes.
        
             | bitcoin01 wrote:
             | Amazing, continue! There is a huge demand for it I'm sure.
             | I know I do.
        
       | siraben wrote:
       | > _I need a hero, and by that, I mean that I need a usable
       | methodology for building scaleable decentralized apps. Yes, you
       | 've heard that right. We don't need more "Ethereum killers" that
       | can do 10x more tx/s than Ethereum. Those are useless._
       | 
       | Having worked on large Ethereum smart contracts (running a
       | decentralized auction on chain) over two years, I fully agree
       | with this. Ethereum needs better smart contract languages, better
       | compilers and better dev tooling.
       | 
       | As our smart contract written in Vyper (for ease of auditing)
       | grew larger and larger, eventually we failed to deploy on the
       | testnet, and closer inspection reveal that the compiler was
       | blowing up code size which I had to patch[0]. Down the line
       | upstream further increased gas costs by emitting code that zeroed
       | out every member of an array (note the EVM already has all memory
       | set to 0). To support efficient insertion/deletion of bids we had
       | to handroll a skip list on the blockchain(!), because there are
       | no Vyper libraries.
       | 
       | On the language development side, things don't look too pretty
       | either, I ended up having to write an EVM assembler from
       | scratch[1], but deeper still are problems such as a lack of a
       | separate call stack in EVM, so procedure calls always end up
       | clunky and implementation-dependent. LLVM to EVM[2] is still
       | experimental, so anyone who is writing a compiler will have to
       | write codegen from scratch.
       | 
       | Perhaps eWASM will alleviate some of these concerns. But until
       | then, the entire dev process for writing smart contracts is
       | painful.
       | 
       | [0] https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/pull/1488
       | 
       | [1] https://github.com/ActorForth/evm-
       | assembler/blob/master/docs...
       | 
       | [2] https://github.com/etclabscore/evm_llvm
        
         | px43 wrote:
         | If you're working on "large Ethereum smart contracts" you've
         | missed the point. On chain logic should always be as minimal as
         | possible. Uniswap v1 was two vyper files. One was 46 lines, and
         | the other was 496 lines[1]. It took like 20 minutes to read
         | through the code thoroughly, and was one of the most impactful
         | contracts ever deployed to the network.
         | 
         | Solidity also matured a lot, which is why Uniswap v2 moved
         | back. If you find yourself writing an EVM assembler from
         | scratch, and you're trying to build something _other_ than a
         | compiler, you have veered way way off course, and need to re-
         | evaluate your system architecture.
         | 
         | Feature creep might work well if you're trying to leech money
         | from a government contract or something, or being paid by line
         | of code you contribute, but it's fatal in the Ethereum world. I
         | consulted for a number of projects that made the exact same
         | mistake, and most of them aren't around anymore.
         | 
         | [1] https://github.com/Uniswap/uniswap-v1/tree/master/contracts
        
           | siraben wrote:
           | > On chain logic should always be as minimal as possible.
           | 
           | The goal of the project was to make the auction as
           | transparent as possible, doesn't that imply moving as much of
           | the logic on chain as possible?
           | 
           | > If you find yourself writing an EVM assembler from scratch,
           | and you're trying to build something other than a compiler,
           | you have veered way way off course, and need to re-evaluate
           | your system architecture.
           | 
           | This was a different project aimed at implementing a new
           | smart contract language. Didn't take off internally though
           | because of shift in direction.
        
             | px43 wrote:
             | > The goal of the project was to make the auction as
             | transparent as possible, doesn't that imply moving as much
             | of the logic on chain as possible?
             | 
             | Not really. Unsure of the specifics of the project that you
             | were working on, but a standard auction house type
             | interface shouldn't be that much code. You have listings,
             | and bids. A listing should only be a timestamp for when the
             | listing was placed, a timestamp for when the listing should
             | end, maybe a minimum bid, and then a hash pointing to IPFS
             | with all the less relevant meta-details. Bids would just be
             | a price and a timestamp, though the timestamp probabally
             | isn't even needed. You could just keep a record of the
             | highest bid in the listing itself, and any time a new bid
             | comes in, refund the previous bid to the previous highest
             | bidder, and lock the current bid, so bids don't even need
             | to allocate any new memory.
             | 
             | If you really really need on-chain arbitration, you can do
             | it with a simple ownership contract for starters, then
             | switch over to a governance contract as the arbitration
             | needs become more complex for whatever reason.
        
       | ccortes wrote:
       | If all you want is smart contracts then why stick to ethereum? As
       | you stated there are plenty of different projects wich are far
       | more scalable.
        
         | You-Are-Right wrote:
         | Please name five of many.
        
       | pazimzadeh wrote:
       | It sounds like the only issue is high fees..?
        
       | freeplay wrote:
       | If you share sentiments in this article, checkout cheapETH
       | (cheapeth.org). It's created as a utility token to solve the
       | extremely high gas price problem on the ETH network.
       | 
       | All the fun of the ETH network with none of the crazy fees and
       | high barrier of entry.
       | 
       | Not trying to shill anything. I missed the boat on early Ethereum
       | and never got a chance to really experiment with the network.
       | I've been doing that with cheapETH and its been a great learning
       | experience.
        
       | 3np wrote:
       | I think many developers getting sucked into a new exciting
       | technology feel similarly at some point once it gets enough
       | traction. "I know; it's such a hipster statement." might be all
       | there is to it, and that's fine. I had the same phases with web
       | and ML and I'm not ashamed to say I'm a bit of a hipster in that
       | sense.
       | 
       | I think your feelings are perfectly valid and you should listen
       | to yourself, but also realize that you'd do best in not
       | generalizing it to be anything but personal.
       | 
       | ...And from someone who was deep into Ethereum tech starting
       | 2014-2015, I recently got surprisingly really hooked again on
       | Bitcoin. Lightning is fun and addictive, and it feels like we're
       | close to some kind of watershed there.
       | 
       | Hopefully you'll find something new to be excited about soon (or
       | take a break from it all, sometimes that's what we need as well).
       | 
       | ---
       | 
       | The reason I'm fed up with Ethereum right now is mostly the
       | "defi" hype where it's mostly anything but decentralized in any
       | way if you look just a bit closer. This goes for pretty much all
       | the projects with significant traction today. So many corners are
       | cut just to be able to ride the wave of the hype train. "The
       | admin with full control is only until we are out of beta, for
       | safety", "The centralized coordinator on AWS will be replaced
       | with a gossip protocol by V2", "The owner multisig will be
       | replaced by a DAO", "the project leads will do all the
       | coordination for now" and other BS rationalizations all
       | completely antithetical to the ideology.
       | 
       | One major strength of Ethereum for many years have been the
       | community. Recently I feel like greed has taken over.
        
         | loceng wrote:
         | If you want to work on a blockchain where greed can't takeover,
         | an inevitable unavoidable pitfall if you design the blockchains
         | to inherently also have an MLM structure, is to design a
         | blockchain that doesn't have financial gain as an incentive to
         | align people to adopt it but a different form of consensus like
         | democratic processes (save regulatory capture) where it's voted
         | into use.
        
         | timdaub wrote:
         | Thanks for that comment :)
        
         | tinco wrote:
         | Vitalik is always bitching about the greedy community, but
         | that's really not what is killing Ethereum. What is killing
         | Ethereum is its glacial development pace.
         | 
         | It took so many years for Ethereum 2 to be deployed, and even
         | now it's deployed it's a weak shell of what it should have
         | been.
         | 
         | An argument against that could be that it's simply a hard
         | problem to solve, but then the question becomes if they've
         | solved any other easier problems, and it seems to me like they
         | haven't.
         | 
         | This is their page on smart contracts, arguably the only
         | justification for Ethereum's existance:
         | 
         | https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/smart-contracts/lang...
         | 
         | It not only still mentions Solidity, a language which is one of
         | the worst mistakes in IT history, it lists it as the first
         | choice in a set of 2 options, of which the latter is only
         | marginally superior to it. This was acceptable in 2017, a year
         | after the realization of how huge a fuckup Solidity is, since a
         | year might be a short time for a language to be developed and
         | matured enough, but it's now 2021, 5 years later!
         | 
         | It makes me feel Ethereum just isn't managed adequately,
         | despite being a multi-billion dollar operation.
        
           | michaelt wrote:
           | _> What is killing Ethereum is its glacial development pace._
           | 
           | With hindsight, it seems pretty naive to make the early core
           | devs multimillionaires, then expect them to do anything
           | except retire.
        
           | akyu wrote:
           | Agreed. Anyone who's been in software long enough can take
           | one look at Ethereum and see the telltale signs of puttering,
           | meandering development. Creating solutions in search of
           | problems, and favoring whats clever over what works.
           | 
           | It seems that the Ethereum core development community puts
           | overly high value on cleverness and not nearly enough on
           | hardcore engineering fundamentals.
        
       | yulaow wrote:
       | As a dapp dev for work, I totally feel the mental fatigue of
       | constantly fighting the ever changing tool, the broken libraries,
       | the inconsistent errors management and the cascade of breaking
       | changes any modify causes. It feels like js frontend framework
       | madness x 10
        
       | milchek wrote:
       | >"What's Ethereum's killer app?" we asked ourselves not long ago.
       | Now we know. It's the world's best publicly-accessible settlement
       | platform for financial transactions.
       | 
       | Hit the nail on the head - for now.
       | 
       | Yes, DeFi is what kicked things off last year and people can now
       | trade their favourite altcoins, borrow crypto, and even leverage
       | trade on decentralized exchanges. It's also true that what
       | everyone is trading are mostly other coins and other projects
       | that they're speculating on - and those projects are just newer
       | forms of the same projects that exist now.
       | 
       | We've seen countless projects pop up that are all copies or
       | trying to do similar things; increase throughput, connect
       | blockchains, provide oracles, implement faster and cheaper smart
       | contracts, etc.
       | 
       | So, it's easy to look at all this cynically, but I like to hope
       | that eventually this will end up somewhere good - I mean, there
       | is financial incentive, there is the 'new toy' angle, and there
       | are countless talented people who are genuinely curious and
       | trying to improve the various crypto ecosystems.
       | 
       | I guess we'll see where this all ends up in 5-10 years.
        
       | qznc wrote:
       | Vitalik recently blogged [0] that prediction markets might be
       | there most important thing in Ethereum.
       | 
       | > it is one of the Ethereum applications that have provided to me
       | the most concrete value.
       | 
       | [0] https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/02/18/election.html
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | Not everyone has a million dollars lying around to earn a 5%
         | return, _if_ your bet is correct...
        
         | joosters wrote:
         | That's a short-sighted, american-centric view. In the rest of
         | the world, prediction markets (e.g. Betfair) have existed for
         | decades. It's not a technology that needs decentralisation or
         | its own currency, so why on earth is it expected to be a killer
         | app for crypto?
        
       | josu wrote:
       | >But I'm telling you that no sane Joe will touch that shit
       | without a serious cryptographic specialist by their side.
       | 
       | One would think so, but people in the space are calling each
       | other "degens", one of the best Ethereum devs joked about
       | "testing in production", and for the past year there have been
       | dozens of +1M USD hacks in the space.
       | 
       | So yeah, projects are already launching based on zk-rollups and
       | other complex cryptography without "serious cryptographic
       | specialist by their side".
        
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