[HN Gopher] The Viking Invasion of Leicestershire (2012)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The Viking Invasion of Leicestershire (2012)
        
       Author : zeristor
       Score  : 65 points
       Date   : 2021-02-21 09:25 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.thiswasleicestershire.co.uk)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.thiswasleicestershire.co.uk)
        
       | andrewgleave wrote:
       | The Isle of Man has an interesting Viking history including
       | monuments/ship burials as well as Viking artefacts and treasure
       | including this one announced a few days ago:
       | 
       | https://www.heritagedaily.com/2021/02/viking-treasure-hoard-...
        
       | simonh wrote:
       | Between the TV shows Vikings and The Last Kingdom this period has
       | had some welcome screen time in recent years. It's a fascinating
       | era in British history and it's great to see it getting more
       | popular attention.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | phreeza wrote:
       | People unfamiliar with the HN convention of tagging an article
       | with the publication year might be somewhat confused by the
       | title.
        
         | capableweb wrote:
         | If some people in 2020 believe that A) vikings existed in 2012
         | and B) they would still invade places, then I'd say let them
         | get confused, they'll be confused by anything.
        
           | datenhorst wrote:
           | My immediate thought was some sort of Viking LARP that went
           | wrong
        
             | vidarh wrote:
             | There's been a number of reconstructions of viking
             | ships[1], and some of them like e.g. this one [2] have been
             | sailed, so that would have been an amusing possibility.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking_ship_replica
             | 
             | [2]
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draken_Harald_H%C3%A5rfagre
        
           | Smithalicious wrote:
           | It was only last month that someone dressed up as a viking
           | occupied the US capitol
        
         | elygre wrote:
         | As a Norwegian, the title gave me great joy.
        
       | decebalus1 wrote:
       | I'm during my second play-through of Assassin's Creed Valhalla.
       | So interesting to see this here. The game is not that
       | historically accurate but the general feel and atmosphere is
       | amazing.
        
       | arethuza wrote:
       | The village where I grew up in Scotland has a cliff-sided
       | promontory reaching out into the sea called the Green Castle -
       | archaeological digs in the 1970s found remains of iron age and
       | Pictish forts there. One part is eroding away and you can quite
       | clearly see a line of burnt wood particles - one of the theories
       | being that the fort was burned down in a Viking seige:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Castle,_Portknockie
       | 
       | Edit: There was at least one significant battle between the Scots
       | and Vikings in the area, probably a good bit later:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bauds
       | 
       | Edit2: "Legend has it that within the vicinity, a Scots, a Danish
       | and a Norwegian King are buried" - which is why there is(was?) a
       | Three Kings pub in Cullen:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cullen,_Moray
        
       | peteretep wrote:
       | Is it just the length of time that's passed that makes Vikings
       | cool and the British Empire terrible?
        
         | helsinkiandrew wrote:
         | There seems to be certain period after which horrible things
         | become less horrible, even fun.
         | 
         | The London Dungeon tourist attraction has fun exhibits on
         | medieval torture and Jack the Ripper (1888). I've often
         | wondered when more modern serial killers, rapists and
         | atrocities would be acceptable.
         | 
         | [edit] in 'polite' society
        
           | Chris2048 wrote:
           | https://www.crimemuseum.org/about-us/
           | 
           | http://www.museumofdeath.net/info
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_Museum
        
           | DanBC wrote:
           | People are a bit touchy about Jack the Ripper even today.
           | 
           | https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/sep/29/jack-
           | th...
           | 
           | https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/jack-
           | ripper-...
           | 
           | https://fyeahhistory.com/2020/09/08/jack-the-ripper-
           | museum-r...
           | 
           | https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-
           | life/11926093/Jack-... https://web.archive.org/web/2017111705
           | 5654/https://www.teleg...
        
           | marcus_holmes wrote:
           | I had that conversation a while back about wars. We were
           | discussing Napoleonic history, and then the conversation
           | shifted to WW2. For the Brits (and most of the Germans) in
           | the discussion it was all fine. But the Dutch, Danes and
           | French were all "too soon".
           | 
           | We were left wondering when it won't be "too soon"? 2045?
           | When the last veteran dies? The last person alive at the
           | time? It's interesting - when does this become acceptable?
        
             | vidarh wrote:
             | I'd imagine in this respect to WW2 the distinction has
             | something to do with _being occupied_. My grandparents all
             | lived through the nazi occupation of Norway, and so I grew
             | up with first-hand stories about that, and so it feels
             | fairly personal.
        
               | DanBC wrote:
               | Also, a lot of British discussion about the Second World
               | War is pretty horrible. There's often a mix jingoism and
               | ignorance of what happened, especially of some of the
               | things Britain did.
        
               | klelatti wrote:
               | Whilst agreeing that much of the discussion of WW2 in the
               | UK is unhealthy - especially in the tabloid press etc -
               | not sure that the "ignorance of some of the things that
               | Britain did " is valid. There has been and continues to
               | be wide awareness of tactics like 'area bombing' and
               | their consequences.
               | 
               | The biggest criticism I think is that there is too much
               | discussion of the war and that it overstates the UK's
               | role.
        
               | marcus_holmes wrote:
               | I'm living in Berlin at the moment, and the whole subject
               | is fascinating and also fraught with difficulties. It's a
               | totally different perspective than British jingoism. The
               | mixture of pride and shame is such a contrast. Berlin
               | tends to focus on the Wall rather than the War and I can
               | understand why.
               | 
               | > tactics like 'area bombing' and their consequences
               | 
               | My grandfather was in the RAF (not bomber command, but
               | still). I visited Dresden recently, and felt a need to
               | apologise to the city.
        
               | klelatti wrote:
               | I think that Britain's relationship with the war is
               | complex and flawed in many ways. Germany has dealt with
               | its role in the war in a much more healthy way.
               | 
               | I suppose that it was the word 'jingoism' which prompted
               | me to reply to the earlier post. I'm not sure that this
               | really captures the prevalent attitude, which is more of
               | being a plucky underdog that fought alone against the
               | Nazi regime. This is obviously rubbish but has then been
               | used as an excuse to gloss over some of the poorer
               | aspects of Britain's behaviour (and not just in the war).
               | 
               | I do think that the perception has changed (or been
               | manipulated) over the years. The films and TV of the 60s
               | and 70s played a big part in creating this myth and more
               | recently the tabloids and certain politicians (who are
               | jingoistic) have exploited it ruthlessly to further their
               | own agendas.
        
               | marcus_holmes wrote:
               | > Germany has dealt with its role in the war in a much
               | more healthy way.
               | 
               | For most of the population, this is probably true. But I
               | think the mixture of shame and pride is feeding the far
               | right in Germany - who then feel the pride without the
               | shame. This is growing as it becomes more politically and
               | socially acceptable to express anything but shame and
               | apologies about the war.
        
           | garmaine wrote:
           | You ever watched CSI or Criminal Minds?
        
             | helsinkiandrew wrote:
             | Good point, but they are fiction and those shows are based
             | around catching the 'unsub'. I guess there are also 'real
             | crime' shows that go over recent cases.
             | 
             | But my point is that you could dress up as a Ghengis Khan
             | or a Viking to a fancy dress party but a German WW2 SS
             | soldier would be less acceptable. People go on Jack the
             | Ripper tours in London as part of a fun tourist experience.
             | But a more recent serial rapist/murderer tour wouldn't have
             | the same pull.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | watwut wrote:
         | Vikings are cool for the same reason Sparta is cool - "badass"
         | tough mythical society. They are manly men fighters who are
         | seen as aspirational for some ideological groups. Other
         | ideological groups don't care all that much about them, because
         | they are far away in the past. The people who consider Vikings
         | as myth cool are not the same as the people who dislike real
         | history of British Empire.
         | 
         | Also, the historical details over how their societies
         | functioned are not important in popular imagination. For many
         | people, Vikings that are cool are not real historical Vikings,
         | it is more of safe imaginary fantasy setup - kind of like Lord
         | of the Rings, Witcher or Star Wars. I mean, people do then
         | project fantasy on real world history, but that is more of
         | accidental thing.
        
         | joveian wrote:
         | I think (US perspective) mostly that along with Hagar the
         | Horrible and a generic connection between vikings and
         | Scandinavian ancestry (that is common in some parts of the
         | northern US). Although many racists are really into the vikings
         | so it isn't always seen as cool. For that matter, I think the
         | British Empire is unfortunately often seen as cool also.
        
           | secondcoming wrote:
           | I wouldn't consider the British Empire to be 'cool' but I can
           | appreciate that it was a phenomenal military and logistic
           | machine. One tiny country conquered most of the world that
           | was worth conquering. There's something impressive about
           | that.
        
             | chmod775 wrote:
             | Worth conquering? Not really. Arguably there was a lot more
             | to conquer, but the rest of the world might've fought back.
             | 
             | So more like: "One country grabs a lot of land too
             | underdeveloped to fight back."
             | 
             | The only noteworthy resistance was mounted by other western
             | powers.
             | 
             | Whether one slave-master triumphing over another is
             | something to be applauded, I'll leave to the reader to
             | decide.
        
               | vixen99 wrote:
               | It was underdeveloped to start with. Later the British
               | economy was actually dependent on India. Why? Because
               | India became Britain's main market for her manufactured
               | goods with 60% of British exports going to India by 1913.
               | Employed Indians were buying that stuff! British
               | investment in India totalled around PS400 million or 10%
               | of overseas investments before WW1, Like it or not, the
               | British modernized India during their rule. They built
               | 40,000 miles of railway track plus postal and telegraph
               | systems with employment of millions. It's an unpalatable
               | truth for many that a significant number of Indians found
               | benefit and were willing to accept the rule (at that time
               | and in those circumstances) rather than rebel against the
               | British presence. All this doesn't add up to a PR job for
               | the British because we're all very well aware of the cons
               | of British Rule but objectively we know that's not the
               | whole story. In history we need to see that the past is a
               | done deal which we should examine in all its aspects,
               | pros and cons.
        
               | chmod775 wrote:
               | Modernized _some_ of their infrastructure, yes. But India
               | 's economy was also destroyed. Whether India would have
               | been able to modernize themselves with a functioning
               | economy and under their own rule is another question.
               | 
               | "There is no doubt that our grievances against the
               | British Empire had a sound basis. As the painstaking
               | statistical work of the Cambridge historian Angus
               | Maddison has shown, India's share of world income
               | collapsed from 22.6% in 1700, almost equal to Europe's
               | share of 23.3% at that time, to as low as 3.8% in 1952.
               | Indeed, at the beginning of the 20th century, "the
               | brightest jewel in the British Crown" was the poorest
               | country in the world in terms of per capita income."
               | 
               | -- Manmohan Singh
               | 
               | https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Economic_history_of_India
               | 
               | > They built 40,000 miles of railway track plus postal
               | and telegraph systems with employment of millions.
               | 
               | I mean, okay? How nice of them to share some technology
               | progress that was made _during_ colonial rule. It 's not
               | like India got a chance to built any of that under their
               | own rule.
               | 
               | I'd call developing the land you are ruling doing the
               | bare-minimum. And we can't exactly say the British did a
               | good job at that considering the state India was in at
               | the end of colonial rule.
               | 
               | After freeing a slave you just don't get to pat yourself
               | on the back and say: "I've been feeding him for 25 years,
               | given him clothing, and even work! What would he have
               | done without me!"
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | India does not strike me as particularly underdeveloped.
        
               | chmod775 wrote:
               | It was not at the time from a purely economical point of
               | view, but it had other, political, problems that made it
               | fall to the British (and other colonial powers) without
               | resistance.
               | 
               | Let's also not forget that British controlled a lot of
               | that economy, which they pivoted into political control.
        
               | arethuza wrote:
               | Indeed, India represented about a quarter of the world's
               | economy in 1700:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_economy_of_
               | the...
        
               | tadhgf wrote:
               | From wiki: Trading rivalries among the seafaring European
               | powers brought other European powers to India. The Dutch
               | Republic, England, France, and Denmark-Norway all
               | established trading posts in India in the early 17th
               | century. As the Mughal Empire disintegrated in the early
               | 18th century, and then as the Maratha Empire became
               | weakened after the third battle of Panipat, many
               | relatively weak and unstable Indian states which emerged
               | were increasingly open to manipulation by the Europeans,
               | through dependent Indian rulers.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | Yes, India was unstable. That is not the same as
               | underdeveloped.
               | 
               | USA has had several peaks of instability during its
               | existence, arguably is on such a peak right now, but is
               | fairly developed, though very unequally so.
        
               | chmod775 wrote:
               | > Yes, India was unstable. That is not the same as
               | underdeveloped.
               | 
               | And it's valid to point that out. But at the end of the
               | day for what reason India was unable to fight back
               | against the western powers doesn't really matter.
               | 
               | In India's case there still was no heroic conquering.
               | Just bullying. And then bullies fighting against each
               | other from relative safety with their colonies as pawns.
        
               | throwaway894345 wrote:
               | > One country grabs a lot of land too underdeveloped to
               | fight back
               | 
               | If they were just grabbing a lot of "land too
               | underdeveloped to fight back" then why weren't other
               | empires able/willing to grab up the same amount of
               | underdeveloped lands? Do we really believe that other
               | empires were simply too morally upright to exploit
               | underdeveloped lands? Or is there a more interesting,
               | nuanced explanation?
               | 
               | In whichever case, I find it fascinating that the British
               | Isles went from being an irrelevant archipelago at the
               | end of the known world to being the dominant superpower
               | and the largest empire in human history. One can
               | simultaneously appreciate that historical narrative and
               | also condemn the atrocities accumulated along the way.
        
               | chmod775 wrote:
               | > then why weren't other empires able/willing to grab up
               | the same amount of underdeveloped lands?
               | 
               | Except there were. There were dozens of conflicts and
               | wars over the span of multiple centuries for control over
               | territory.
        
               | throwaway894345 wrote:
               | I think you're mistaken. The British empire was the
               | largest empire that has ever existed. That other empires
               | existed (and had centuries-long conflicts/wars) does not
               | refute this fact.
        
               | chmod775 wrote:
               | I tried to interpret your sentence in the only way it
               | would have addressed your quote of myself in a coherent
               | manner. I tried to be charitable.
               | 
               | Okay. So let's interpret it as it was written instead.
               | 
               | > If they were just grabbing a lot of "land too
               | underdeveloped to fight back" then why weren't other
               | empires able/willing to grab up the same amount of
               | underdeveloped lands?
               | 
               | Whether or not there were _other_ empires able or willing
               | to grab up that same amount of land doesn 't affect the
               | statement in the slightest. The sentence is nonsense.
               | 
               | If you strike "same amount of" the sentence actually does
               | make some sense, which is why I chose to respond to that
               | when I wrote my first response.
               | 
               | Whatever X may be, you will always find countries that
               | did/have the _most_ X, which however doesn 't change the
               | nature of X.
               | 
               | "You are mistaken. China has the highest mountains and
               | also a lot of them. Therefore mountains can't be made of
               | stone!" doesn't make much sense, does it.
               | 
               | Neither does: "Britain grabbed more land than everyone
               | else. Therefore the land that everyone was grabbing can't
               | have been underdeveloped!"
               | 
               | And let's face reality here for a second: Open up a map
               | of the British Empire and tell me straight to my face
               | that the vast majority of that land wasn't
               | underdeveloped.
        
               | throwaway894345 wrote:
               | > I tried to interpret your sentence in the only way it
               | would have addressed your quote of myself in a coherent
               | manner. I tried to be charitable. Okay. So let's
               | interpret it as it was written instead.
               | 
               | Neither of those "interpretations" are "as written". I'm
               | not speaking in subtext here, so I don't know why you're
               | trying to decipher instead of addressing the actual
               | content. In whichever case, hopefully this post
               | clarifies.
               | 
               | > And let's face reality here for a second: Open up a map
               | of the British Empire and tell me straight to my face
               | that the vast majority of that land wasn't
               | underdeveloped.
               | 
               | No one suggested the territory of the British Empire was
               | fully developed pre-conquest. The OP suggested that
               | military and logistic achievements of the British Empire
               | were impressive, and you argued the contrary "[they
               | merely grabbed] a lot of land too underdeveloped to fight
               | back". Of course, the British Empire profited
               | fantastically from those conquests so they were clearly
               | worthwhile and other empires were equally willing to
               | conquer weaker nations so it isn't a question of scruples
               | either. And if it's not a question of worth or scruples
               | then surely it must be a question of ability, contrary to
               | your implication.
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | Are you doing an efficient market hypothesis for
               | imperialism?
        
               | throwaway894345 wrote:
               | Rejecting the notion that the British were uniquely evil
               | is not the same as supporting any particular hypothesis.
        
         | DyslexicAtheist wrote:
         | what makes it interesting is that for > 1000 years, the history
         | of vikings has been written and documented by the victors.
         | 
         | > Not until the 1890s did scholars outside Scandinavia begin to
         | seriously reassess the achievements of the Vikings, recognizing
         | their artistry, technological skills, and seamanship. --
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikings#Medieval_perceptions
         | 
         | while the Michael Hirst's _Vikings_ doesn 't stick to facts,
         | makes use of viking folklore, songs and poems to tell the
         | story, it did an incredibly authentic job putting the audience
         | into a mindset that helps understand how they think and what
         | they believed in. And I hope it makes kids interested in why
         | they should be studied and are important.
        
         | iguy wrote:
         | They also aren't a useful rhetorical foil for any present-day
         | arguments. In none of their former territory can you make
         | political hay by deflecting present-day problems onto those
         | particular earlier rulers. That's related to time, of course,
         | but also very much related to what else has happened since, or
         | has failed to happen.
        
           | throwaway894345 wrote:
           | Rest assured, plenty of hay gets made about how "progressive"
           | vikings were with respect to gender (apparently there were
           | female viking warriors) and sex (not so strict about
           | monogamy) compared to those awful Anglo-Saxon Christians.
           | Never mind of course that vikings weren't big on "consent" or
           | that they're darlings of far right groups.
        
             | hguant wrote:
             | >apparently there were female viking warriors
             | 
             | This is a MUCH more controversial idea than pop-history
             | would have you believe. There have been Viking women found
             | buried with weapons and armour; however, there are also men
             | who weren't warriors found buried with arms and armour as
             | well. Scholarship on the matter isn't really sure if the
             | women found buried that way were warriors being honored as
             | such, or rich/wealthy/politically powerful people who were
             | buried in the trappings of a martial society. Also, the
             | extrapolation of "a shockingly small number of women were
             | buried with swords" to "the Vikings had gender equality and
             | badass warrior women in every port" is great Netflix
             | fodder, but not really backed up anywhere else.
             | 
             | >Never mind of course that vikings weren't big on "consent"
             | or that they're darlings of far right groups.
             | 
             | Vikings also literally had a slave based economy; the only
             | thing that got the various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms to unite
             | was "hey, we don't want to be slaves/the main event of
             | excruciatingly brutal human sacrifices."
             | 
             | >compared to those awful Anglo-Saxon Christians
             | 
             | Interestingly enough, almost all the Vikings converted
             | peacefully to Christianity within a decade or two of
             | settling in Britan.
        
               | iguy wrote:
               | Yes. The political point being made with this history is
               | different too, it's one of pride, not shame. It's "Our
               | great ancestors were nice social democrats, too! Unlike
               | your cold-war army, grandpa, they let woman have front-
               | line jobs!"
               | 
               | Compare: "Those evil germanics who sailed up the Volga
               | and subjugated our ancestors, you know how much silver
               | they took home? And you've seen how wealthy Copenhagen is
               | now? My buddy Igor ran the numbers, and compound interest
               | explains it all!". That's not a speech which will improve
               | your political career in Russia.
        
               | mlvljr wrote:
               | Funnily, Igor (Ingvar, originally, I think) is a
               | Scandinavian name brought to Russia by the vikings :)
        
               | throwaway894345 wrote:
               | I don't doubt this, but for the record Scandanavians are
               | not the people in my sphere who are doing a significant
               | share of the Vikings-glorifying. It seems to be oriented
               | on a political axis rather than a national axis.
        
         | gumby wrote:
         | The scale was different, but yes.
         | 
         | People also now poke fun at Napoleon but in Europe until the
         | 1940s he was the canonical supervillain (apparently before him
         | it was "pharaoh"). You're identifying a general phenomenon.
        
         | 74d-fe6-2c6 wrote:
         | Probably an underdog thing. If I think of Vikings I see a bunch
         | of wild, strong Uber-men who won't make compromises. When I
         | think of British Empire I see a handlebar moustache with a pale
         | guy attached to it wearing those puffy pants hitting Ben
         | Kingsely with a stick.
        
         | seanhunter wrote:
         | One historical theory I read was that a lot of the negative
         | stories about vikings were put about by disgruntled Britons who
         | were unhappy because a lot of British women preferred to marry
         | viking men because they used to wash once a week whereas the
         | standard behaviour for British men was to wash once a year.
         | > A later writing often credited to the Abbot of St. Albans
         | > reports that "thanks to their habit of combing their hair
         | > every day, of bathing every Saturday and regularly        >
         | changing their clothes, were able to undermine the virtue
         | > of married women and even seduce the daughters of nobles
         | > to be their mistresses."
         | 
         | https://www.danishnet.com/vikings/cleanliness-did-vikings-ta...
        
         | thorin wrote:
         | Vikings killed loads to people and nicked stuff, British Empire
         | killed loads of people and nicked stuff, American settlers
         | killed loads of people and nicked stuff. Are you starting to
         | see a pattern here?
         | 
         | Now you have to enslave people by restricting their access to
         | cheap mobile devices.
        
           | vixen99 wrote:
           | Not to forget the French (Norman) invasion and complete
           | takeover of the British (Anglo Saxons) by William in 1066.
           | 
           | The effects of that invasion are still with us as pointed out
           | by Gregory Clark. Analysis of Norman Surnames and their
           | predominance in elite families in Britain today, has shown
           | that "Rich families stay rich and poor families stay poor,
           | according to a new study that finds that English people whose
           | ancestors were elite in the 1100s are still likely part of
           | the upper crust today. The study echoes work in other
           | countries that has found that social status budges little
           | over generations, even in the face of massive social changes"
        
             | JoeAltmaier wrote:
             | Be honest, that's in a culture that holds the Nobility as a
             | different kind of human being above everyone else. This
             | worshipful attitude is a huge factor, not just economics.
             | 
             | And not all the rich, stay rich. That's a mainstay for
             | every British comedy ever. But the ones who do stay rich,
             | are very often those that are held in higher regard than
             | the 'common folk'.
        
               | iguy wrote:
               | Clark finds this pattern in most societies, IIRC Sweden
               | and China have (in his data) almost identical rates of
               | status persistence. It's not a quirk of English manners.
               | 
               | What varies more is the degree to which ordinary people
               | today descend from the nobility in (say) 1100. In some
               | societies they had many more surviving children than
               | average, e.g. it's easy for them to double every
               | generation, within a basically static total population,
               | implying that their offspring make up a high proportion
               | of people after a few centuries. But in other societies,
               | they did not.
               | 
               | His books are pretty readable, BTW, interesting data.
        
               | JoeAltmaier wrote:
               | Interesting choice - those two societies also have 1000
               | years of respect for nobility? It seems to be a strong
               | factor then.
        
               | iguy wrote:
               | I don't know about respect. The data is on persistence of
               | status. They can do this in many countries, those are
               | just two I remember (besides England).
               | 
               | Direct records of ancestry are too scattered to piece
               | together long timescales. What he (and collaborators) do
               | is to find very rare surnames, in records at some distant
               | time (e.g. Oxford graduation in 1600, high-status, or
               | common criminals executed then, low-status) and then
               | trace look for the same name in later data (e.g.
               | Victorian wills, or today's tax data). Rare names give
               | you a fairly targeted marker. One which the carriers are
               | often unaware of.
        
             | heraclius wrote:
             | Well I suppose one could say we call the analogue of
             | reparations the welfare state at which point that prospect
             | doesn't sound quite so ludicrous after all.
        
           | ekianjo wrote:
           | > American settlers killed loads of people and nicked stuff
           | 
           | The diseases brought by settlers did more ravage than actual
           | confrontation.
        
             | watwut wrote:
             | The displacement of whole groups did actually quite a lot.
             | The Indian Removal Act was an actual policy, not an
             | accident. There was whole ideology and policies around who
             | gets to have which rights in the states.
        
             | Communitivity wrote:
             | When they deliberately gave diseased blankets to indigenous
             | peoples, I think that checked off both boxes.
             | 
             | Curiously, the Viking are often portrayed as bloodthirsty
             | brutes raping, pillaging, and burning their way through
             | towns.
             | 
             | The reality is different. There was brutality, but it was
             | generally limited. Vikings were more likely to conquer and
             | settle than to burn things down to the ground. They were
             | vengeful though, so any killing of Viking captives or
             | civilians could result in a disproportionate and brutal
             | retaliation. For example, Aella, the King of Northumbria
             | killed Viking King Ragnar Lothbrok not by combat, but by
             | having him thrown into a pit of poisonous snakes. As a
             | result, when Ragnar's son Ivar the Boneless sought revenge
             | and captured Aella a quick death wasn't deemed appropriate.
             | Instead, Ivar created the Blood Eagle ritual and used it on
             | Aella. It was a gruesome and painful method of execution,
             | but one the Viking probably felt justified in using giving
             | the cowardly death Aella gave Ragnar.
             | 
             | This is not to say they weren't brutal, but much of what we
             | know about the Vikings comes from their enemies, which
             | colors the history.
             | 
             | Some links for more information, the first is a really good
             | rundown by a history professor specializing in Vikings:
             | 
             | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/dzioe8/were
             | _...
             | 
             | https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-26431858
             | 
             | https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/140926-v
             | i...
             | 
             | My own amateur research shows England and English-colonies
             | had the most violent behavior (Norman raids, Irish
             | subjugation, Botany Bay, violence against Indians, American
             | violence against indigenous peoples (including trail or
             | tears, smallpox blankets, etc.), etc.
             | 
             | Essentially, any time a culture sets up a belief in itself
             | as superior to all others a violence against those believed
             | inferior often occurs, sometimes even in the name of
             | helping those believed inferior. E.g., we'll take these
             | poor children from them and give them to god-fearing
             | Christian homes - I could be talking about events during
             | colonial times with native americans, or I could be talking
             | about separating of children at the detention centers.
        
               | gsej wrote:
               | I've always been curious about the pit of venomous
               | snakes. We only have one venomous snake in the UK - the
               | common adder. It's bite is nasty, but very rarely fatal.
               | I wonder if the story is made up, based on foreign tales
               | of poisonous snakes, or perhaps they used imported
               | snakes.
        
               | boomboomsubban wrote:
               | The source for that is a Norse legendary saga written
               | hundreds of years later, I doubt it's factual.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | > When they deliberately gave diseased blankets to
               | indigenous peoples, I think that checked off both boxes.
               | 
               | While this event has been documented, it wasn't an
               | everyday occurence. "Normal" violence and raids were much
               | more typical during the 400 years of the conquest of both
               | Americas.
               | 
               | The first infectious diseases were introduced onto the
               | continent in early 16th century. At that time, neither
               | Europeans nor Natives had much understanding about the
               | root causes and applied magical thinking (witches, wrath
               | of heaven, acts of God/Satan, punishment for sins).
               | 
               | Western understanding of epidemics has been a mess,
               | arguably until today - see contemporary Covid deniers
               | etc. I have just read a report about a Slovak member of
               | government (Labor Minister) wanting to open the churches
               | and arguing with a 1710 wave of black plague in Trnava
               | that was purportedly stopped by the citizens praying to
               | the Holy Virgin. And this is a Central European EU member
               | state in 2021! Now try 1521.
               | 
               | And massive die-outs of native population was a cause for
               | concern in the Spanish parts of the empire; the Spanish
               | took two well-operated indigenous empires (Aztec and
               | Incan) with all the infrastructure, resources and mines
               | to get rich off, only to see their workforce melting
               | away. They weren't happy about that - any more than
               | today's Facebook would be about half of their users
               | dying.
        
               | throwaway894345 wrote:
               | > When they deliberately gave diseased blankets to
               | indigenous peoples, I think that checked off both boxes
               | 
               | That's certainly horrific, but the diseases that the
               | colonists brought killed 90% of the indigenous population
               | at the time, most of whom died without ever setting eyes
               | on a European.
               | 
               | As for "which people group was the most evil", that seems
               | like an exercise in subjectivity and bias or worse, so I
               | don't see what good could come from debating it, but I am
               | a little surprised you don't locate it anywhere in the
               | 20th century with its hundreds of millions of deaths
               | between fascism and communism.
        
               | AlotOfReading wrote:
               | This is incorrect and not really supported by the
               | literature. Europeans were intimately involved with most
               | regions that had high fatality rates and moreover,
               | actively created conditions that made these diseases
               | endemic. The "90%" numbers are also highly speculative
               | and include all causes of mortality, including European
               | warfare over a period of centuries. It's not just
               | diseases.
        
               | throwaway894345 wrote:
               | Not according to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Ame
               | rican_disease_and_ep...
               | 
               | > The loss of the population was so high that it was
               | partially responsible for the myth of the Americas as
               | "virgin wilderness." By the time significant European
               | colonization was underway, native populations had already
               | been reduced by 90%. This resulted in settlements
               | vanishing and cultivated fields being abandoned. Since
               | forests were recovering, the colonists had an impression
               | of a land that was an untamed wilderness
        
               | AlotOfReading wrote:
               | The page you've linked says as much (though it's quite
               | misleading without background knowledge).
               | 
               | > Many Native American tribes suffered high mortality and
               | depopulation, averaging 25-50% of the tribes' members
               | lost to disease.
               | 
               | The line you've linked is discussing the Northeastern
               | colonization and it links to Denevan, who isn't looking
               | at the actual mechanics of depopulation, but rather the
               | pristine myth.
               | 
               | Luckily we can look at this with some simple modeling.
               | Assuming persistent epidemics with constant 25% mortality
               | every 10 years and no developed immunity (big
               | assumptions), while maintaining a 2% growth rate in-
               | between (this is low), over 2 centuries the population
               | would shrink by 88%. At that point, the epidemics stop
               | and populations begin to recover. Using the same numbers,
               | it would recover to pre-epidemic levels in only 85 years.
               | If the growth rate is merely 3%, population actually
               | _grows_ the whole time.
               | 
               | Let's pay closer attention to the Mexican population
               | graph though. Notice the 3 waves of disease? Two of
               | those, labeled "cocolizti", are thought to be (at least
               | partially) Salmonella. You know, that disease of failing
               | sanitation infrastructure? Hopefully it's clear why
               | sanitation issues might have surfaced around then.
        
               | throwaway894345 wrote:
               | > The page you've linked says as much (though it's quite
               | misleading without background knowledge). "Many Native
               | American tribes suffered high mortality and depopulation,
               | averaging 25-50% of the tribes' members lost to disease."
               | 
               | I interpret that as "many tribes lost 25-50%" but that
               | doesn't necessarily mean that this generalizes to all
               | Native Americans, so I took the 90% figure which made the
               | more precise (if inaccurate) claim.
               | 
               | > The line you've linked is discussing the Northeastern
               | colonization and it links to Denevan, who isn't looking
               | at the actual mechanics of depopulation, but rather the
               | pristine myth.
               | 
               | Fair enough, I'm not a subject matter expert. I'm at the
               | mercy of Wikipedia editors here.
               | 
               | > Let's pay closer attention to the Mexican population
               | graph though. Notice the 3 waves of disease? Two of
               | those, labeled "cocolizti", are thought to be (at least
               | partially) Salmonella. You know, that disease of failing
               | sanitation infrastructure? Hopefully it's clear why
               | sanitation issues might have surfaced around then.
               | 
               | Assuming that cocolizti was directly caused by failing
               | sanitation infrastructure, looking at the graph I would
               | assume that the infrastructure failed due to the
               | preceding smallpox-induced population crash. At least
               | without more information there's nothing clearly pointing
               | to Spanish violence, if that's your implication. Of
               | course, the Spanish conquest was abhorrent and
               | devastating, but I don't have any reason to believe that
               | the Spanish military was more effective than disease at
               | devastating the Mexican population. To answer the disease
               | vs violence question, maybe we could find good points of
               | comparison in the Old World Spanish conquests, where
               | disease was presumably much less significant?
        
           | koheripbal wrote:
           | False equivalence.
        
             | gumby wrote:
             | How so? The author invited explanation of why they might or
             | might not be the same. You simply asserted that they were
             | not.
        
         | Bayart wrote:
         | There's a lot of ancestral fetishism, anti-christian sentiment
         | and neo-paganism that plays into it.
        
           | marcus_holmes wrote:
           | which is kinda interesting because the Vikings converted to
           | Christianity before the end of the Viking Age. There were
           | some interesting bits along the way, where being either pagan
           | or christian could get you killed, but by 1100-ish everyone
           | was converted (at least publicly).
        
         | fiftyacorn wrote:
         | When were the Vikings cool? Certainly interesting but the
         | Viking invasion was multifaceted from robbing down to settling
         | 
         | The problem with the British empire is that were still seeing a
         | lot of its negative impact. I mean it officially ended only 24
         | years ago
        
           | ekianjo wrote:
           | The collapse of the roman empire is still visible today as
           | far as I know. Thats a pretty big event that has had a major
           | impact on Europe as we know it, and the world at large.
        
             | SEJeff wrote:
             | In central london (London Wall is the name of the road),
             | you can see 9-10 turrets from the original Roman city of
             | "Londonium". I've walked this road and seen a handful of
             | them. To be able to reach out and touch something that was
             | built by Roman soldiers over a thousands of years ago is
             | simply amazing to me.
             | 
             | One of them is set in a garden behind a church and it is
             | really beautiful. My wife and I had a picnic there and it
             | was surreal.
        
               | mncharity wrote:
               | > One of them is set in a garden behind a church
               | 
               | https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Roman_London_
               | wal... (pictures)
               | 
               | I thought these two also interesting:
               | 
               | https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Roman_London_
               | wal... https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Roman_
               | London_wal...
        
               | SEJeff wrote:
               | The first link is precisely the one I was speaking of. My
               | employer's UK office is at 1 London Wall so it wasn't
               | hard to explore and fine these.
               | 
               | Really fun stuff
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | Monty Python.
        
           | Mauricebranagh wrote:
           | And the slavery aspect - at one time Dublin was the largest
           | slave market in Europe.
        
             | wavefunction wrote:
             | Slavery was pretty widespread in Europe until the late
             | Middle Ages, including Christians enslaving other
             | Christians and selling them to slave traders. 10% of the
             | census population of the Domesday Book were slaves, not
             | serfs. This changed when a pope (I can't remember his name
             | off the top of my head) was concerned that Christian slaves
             | owned by Jewish and Muslim slave-owners would convert to
             | their masters' religions. That was just a prohibition
             | against enslaving fellow Christians and selling slaves to
             | Jewish and Muslim slave-traders though.
        
               | iguy wrote:
               | Yes to slavery being widespread in Europe of the dark
               | ages. The church had something to do with its demise but
               | I'm not sure it's one papal edict. Economics too.
               | 
               | But if "late Middle Ages" means say the time of the black
               | death, and after, then at least in Western Europe that's
               | much too late. By then slavery in England is long gone
               | (or so rare as not to matter) and serfdom is in steep
               | decline, and we are still several centuries away from
               | European overseas slavery (no sugar islands before
               | Columbus!)
               | 
               | Slavery in the islamic world was (I think) pretty
               | continuous from the beginning until the 20th C. (Perhaps
               | with ups and downs? There were many violent changes of
               | leadership, over the centuries.) In the middle ages this
               | would have been the primary meaning of slavery to
               | Europeans -- the risk of being caught in some coastal
               | raid and sold for labor (or for ransom, if noble). This
               | no doubt horrified the pope but he had little power to
               | stop this.
        
           | hutzlibu wrote:
           | Well, today?
           | 
           | Why do you think there are so many viking TV shows.
        
             | hcho wrote:
             | Are they not making British Empire shows?
        
               | dijit wrote:
               | If they are then I haven't heard of them. Outside of
               | monarchy specific things which operate in the same time
               | period (but certainly are not the focus)
        
               | phaemon wrote:
               | The series "The Last Kingdom" is based on the books by
               | Bernard Cornwell. He also wrote the "Sharpe" books, which
               | were adapted to several TV films (starring Sean Bean).
               | They're set around the Napoleonic Wars, with some of them
               | in India.
        
               | alexgmcm wrote:
               | Hornblower is decent as well.
        
               | garmaine wrote:
               | https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0311113/
        
               | arethuza wrote:
               | There have been _loads_ of TV series made in the UK set
               | in India, Kenya and other parts of the Empire. Funnily
               | enough they tend to avoid mentioning the brutality of the
               | British in dealing with the locals e.g.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mau_Mau_Uprising
               | 
               | For some reason these shows aren't quite as popular as
               | they used to be...
        
               | marcus_holmes wrote:
               | I would watch the shit out of a TV show that really told
               | the story of the British Raj, in all its racist,
               | bloodthirsty, brutal "glory".
        
               | DyslexicAtheist wrote:
               | perhaps Indian arts can tell that story. it's not like
               | they lack experience with making film. I'd be surprised
               | if there isn't anything?
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | ralfd wrote:
         | Relevant: The rant of David Mitchell about the Phrase 'Rape and
         | Pillage'
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uJqEKYbh-LU
        
         | flexie wrote:
         | I don't know if the Vikings were cool and if they were more
         | brutal or ruthless than the Anglo Saxon.
         | 
         | A newly christened society claims the enemy is ungodly,
         | primitive and ruthless. Isn't it always like that? There was
         | probably a good deal of PR already back then.
         | 
         | I think we should be careful trusting the sources on Viking
         | brutality all that much as they are almost exclusively from the
         | Christian side.
        
           | ekianjo wrote:
           | > think we should be careful trusting the sources on Viking
           | brutality all that much as they are almost exclusively from
           | the Christian side.
           | 
           | Why would Christians have lied about the ferocity of their
           | invaders knowing that they actually ravaged and pilled the
           | whole of Western Europe later on? If anything History has
           | proven they were right.
        
           | PicassoCTs wrote:
           | .. all those hunter gatherers don't know about rule of law
           | and boundaries, all those ancients were tribal goat-fuckers
           | with no perspective for greatness and size, all those roman
           | emperors were vile, cruel, decadent mad-men. All romans were
           | heathens, all christians were primitive religious nut-cases,
           | all renaissance men were clueless, all people back then were
           | imperialistic racists, all the ancestors were decadent,
           | wasteful vandals, ruining a world the mindless thugs they
           | were, worshipping the process that would kill them, because
           | it allowed them to patch there blood-thirsty nature for the
           | moment, all those hunter gatherers..
        
           | marcus_holmes wrote:
           | I don't know why you're getting downvoted, you're right.
           | 
           | The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the primary source for
           | documentation of both the Saxon invasion of Roman Britain,
           | and the Viking invasion of Saxon England (about 500 years
           | apart).
           | 
           | The Saxons were very much a similar culture - same use of
           | (very similar) ships for raiding, same weaponry, same
           | battlefield tactics, same civil organisation and even similar
           | languages. The respective invasions were remarkably similar -
           | raiding, mercenary work, followed by progressive occupation.
           | The Viking invasion got complicated - the Danelaw failed and
           | the Saxons beat them off, but then the Normans (Vikings who'd
           | invaded France a couple generations ago) won.
           | 
           | In the Chronicle the Saxon invasion is portrayed very much as
           | a "we were invited here!". The Viking invasion as a brutal
           | series of raids.
           | 
           | No such thing as bad press I guess - Vikings are cool and
           | Saxons are a bit uncool now ;)
        
         | garmaine wrote:
         | The British empire is still Viking-levels of awesome among
         | people who like naval stories (e.g. Patrick O'Brian) or the
         | late-19th, early-20th century era of exploration.
         | 
         | It's just that the atrocities that come with empire building
         | are recent enough in the case of the British Empire to still
         | have emotional attachment among descendants of the victims.
         | 
         | Outside of a place like HN which has a huge South Asian
         | readership, I think the British Empire is still viewed to be a
         | mix of good and bad by most people in the algosphere, and not
         | outright vile.
        
         | 7952 wrote:
         | I think the Vikings tap into similar wish fulfillment ideas as
         | zombie fiction. Chopping wood, hunting deer, being in charge,
         | protecting your family. It is everything that bored middle aged
         | suburbanites dream of! The empire is just more complex.
        
         | kazen44 wrote:
         | what about the roman empire? or Carthage? both are seen as cool
         | as well, but we have many historical accounts of their
         | brutality.
        
           | bondarchuk wrote:
           | And pirates!
        
         | intrasight wrote:
         | Why are Viking cool? The fashion and tattoos of course. Haven't
         | you seen the TV series :)
        
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