[HN Gopher] How to Destroy the Earth (2006)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       How to Destroy the Earth (2006)
        
       Author : NateEag
       Score  : 196 points
       Date   : 2021-02-20 15:40 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (qntm.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (qntm.org)
        
       | jl6 wrote:
       | I didn't see this one:
       | 
       | Death by planetary obesity.
       | 
       | Kind of the opposite of meticulously deconstructing the planet,
       | instead bring more and more mass to Earth - souvenirs, visitors,
       | imports, a few hundred trillion quadrillion kilograms of precious
       | metals... doesn't matter what, just keep hoarding more and more
       | stuff.
       | 
       | Eventually Earth will either change orbit and sink into the sun,
       | or it will become a sun itself, or it will become a black hole.
        
       | sharkweek wrote:
       | This is such a great read.
       | 
       | It's fun to think about on a humankind scale how hard it is to
       | destroy (as in obliterate entirely) the earth, while at the same
       | time pretty trivial on a universal scale.
       | 
       | We'd have a pretty hard time blowing this entire rock up
       | ourselves, but the universe sure wouldn't.
       | 
       | Then again, maybe in 100ish years it becomes trivial for us too.
       | I'd bet someone in the 1800s had a hard time imagining one bomb
       | being able to wipe an entire city off the map.
        
         | 0_____0 wrote:
         | There's an anthology that Douglas Hofstadter put together that
         | is chock full of stories like this. When I started reading this
         | story I knew basically where it was going.... Give DH's thing a
         | read, it's called "The Mind's I"
        
         | Ekaros wrote:
         | It's fun to really think about these scales. Earth has been
         | around quite a while since big bang. Actually a one-third is
         | pretty amazing number when you start to think about that. That
         | is age of Earth is about third of age of Universe... And then
         | Universe will be around for a very very long time after the
         | planet is unrecognisable.
         | 
         | On other hand Earth is just tiny thing in solar system, which
         | is tiny thing in galaxy which is small thing around general
         | area which is tiny thing in great scale of things...
        
           | vaduz wrote:
           | > On other hand Earth is just tiny thing in solar system,
           | which is tiny thing in galaxy which is small thing around
           | general area which is tiny thing in great scale of things...
           | 
           | Don't go down that route - down that route lies the Total
           | Perspective Vortex, and that is something you don't come back
           | from.
        
             | vagrantJin wrote:
             | Yeah. Some roads you just don't go down.
        
         | megablast wrote:
         | The universe has been trying for 5 billion years. No luck so
         | far.
        
       | yalogin wrote:
       | This is just wonderful. If the internet were filled with articles
       | and posts of this kind the world would be a wonderful place. I
       | love how the author took the thing from the movies just to the
       | next logical step, that itself is something most won't think
       | about. I mean most people jod just take the destruction of all
       | life forms as the end and stop thinking there.
        
       | Transfinity wrote:
       | > At a million tonnes of mass driven out of the Earth's gravity
       | well per second, this would take 189,000,000 years.
       | 
       | I love how this takes an incomprehensibly large number (mass of
       | the earth) and decomposes it into 3 exceptionally large but kind
       | of comprehensible numbers (million tones / second, 30 million
       | seconds / year, 189 million years). The earth is _big_.
        
       | joshspankit wrote:
       | I like this, but there's an important component missing:
       | 
       | (Assuming you had the resources in-hand) how much time would each
       | one take?
       | 
       | Like, the micro singularity: are we talking minutes, hours,
       | millennia? Longer?
        
       | excalibur wrote:
       | I think he missed the mark on the 1=0 thing. If that were proved
       | it STILL wouldn't destroy the Earth. But it would show that the
       | earth never existed in the first place.
        
       | erik_landerholm wrote:
       | Just remove like half the electrons in your body at once.
       | Honestly, that's probably overkill.
        
       | lolive wrote:
       | "How to destoy living things" is the current show we are
       | attending.
       | 
       | Honestly, each season is getting better.
       | 
       | The villains of that show are just disgusting selfish assholes!!!
       | George Martin to the next level.
       | 
       | Plus IT'S REAL!!!
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | avaldeso wrote:
       | Author forgot an easy one: death by strangelet catalyzation
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strangelet#Dangers
        
         | rriepe wrote:
         | It's #2 on the honorable mentions list
        
           | avaldeso wrote:
           | You're right. Shame on me.
        
             | rriepe wrote:
             | Easy to miss too :)
        
         | vaduz wrote:
         | Requires strange matter to exist in the first place, and
         | currently the evidence does not support the hypothesis.
        
       | flobosg wrote:
       | Related: The Centre for Applied Eschatology -
       | https://www.appliedeschatology.com/
       | 
       |  _We're working for no tomorrow, today._
        
         | morpheos137 wrote:
         | Cheerful. I wonder when this kind of art project crosses the
         | line into terrorist conspiracy.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | A long long long time after the petrochemical industry and
           | the MIC do.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | 4eor0 wrote:
           | Oh I dunno, seems like it's an honest platform versus the
           | euphemism and platitudes industrialists use.
        
         | oli5679 wrote:
         | I am wondering if this is a satire? Sentences such as the below
         | do not seem serious to me.
         | 
         | "Totalitarian states
         | 
         | Not an extinction scenario or a global catastrophe in the
         | familiar sense, a global takeover by a ruthless totalitarian
         | state could irreversibly mire the world in endless enslavement
         | and crushing brutality. Current disintegration of liberal
         | democracies around the world, as well as the rapid advances in
         | surveillance and data management technologies make this a
         | direction of growing promise."
         | 
         | https://www.appliedeschatology.com/research
        
           | bondarchuk wrote:
           | It's funny because it's true.
        
           | jhardy54 wrote:
           | > I am wondering if this is satire?
           | 
           | Yep.
        
       | chc4 wrote:
       | The sequel to this, "To destroy the Earth"[0], is also very good.
       | 
       | 0: https://qntm.org/destro
        
       | hikerclimber wrote:
       | hopefully this happens in my lifetime.
        
       | kbr2000 wrote:
       | Also, this classic 2001 website, for your entertainment:
       | 
       | Exit Mundi ... A collection of end-of-world scenarios [0]
       | 
       | [0]
       | https://web.archive.org/web/20120918050149/http://www.exitmu...
        
       | 29athrowaway wrote:
       | The easiest way to destroy the Earth is to create a religion
       | based on this:                   God blessed them and said to
       | them, "Be fruitful and         multiply, and fill the earth and
       | subdue it; rule over         the fish of the sea and the birds of
       | the air and every          creature that crawls upon the earth."
       | Genesis 1:28
       | 
       | It basically tells you:
       | 
       | - Multiply without limits.
       | 
       | - You are more important than the environment and other species.
       | 
       | - Every species of plants and animals exist for your benefit.
       | 
       | These are profoundly destructive beliefs, and the root cause of
       | how we arrived to our current mess, the Anthropocene extinction
       | event.
       | 
       | There was a time when the Americas were populated by people that
       | believed in living in harmony with the environment, but
       | unfortunately they were all murdered and the ones that remained
       | were forced to convert. 500 years later, a significant portion of
       | what was carefully preserved for 10,000 years is gone.
       | 
       | If humanity is going to survive, you have to abandon such
       | beliefs. You are not here to multiply without limits and, quite
       | honestly, you are not more important than the environment. Stop
       | with the overconsumption, the excessive travelling and all that
       | nonsense. You are not as important as you think.
        
         | drdeca wrote:
         | Article is about destroying the planet itself, as in, making it
         | cease to be as a planet, not merely destroying all life.
        
       | bryanrasmussen wrote:
       | I think most of us would just be satisfied with rendering the
       | Earth a lifeless husk.
       | 
       | If gntm thinks that inadequate I submit they may be letting the
       | worst become the enemy of the bad.
       | 
       | on edit: changed he to they.
        
         | tzs wrote:
         | If we start a little smaller, setting our sights on just wiping
         | out most current terrestrial animal life including humans, look
         | to what happened with the pesticide DDT. DDT did not come
         | anywhere near wiping out more than at most a few species, but
         | it illustrates what could happen if we got unlucky (or someone
         | deliberately set out to do maximal damage).
         | 
         | The problems with DDT were that (1) it could last a long time
         | before breaking down, (2) it spread much more widely in the
         | environment than was intended, and (3) it was not narrowly
         | targeted to only affect pests.
         | 
         | When you are making a pesticide that is not narrowly targeted
         | [1], you really want it to break down fast and to not spread
         | much beyond where you specifically apply it.
         | 
         | Just make a pesticide that like DDT spreads far and wide and
         | persists, but unlike DDT make it so one of the things it kills
         | is nitrogen fixing bacteria. That would wipe out almost all of
         | the base of terrestrial animal food chain.
         | 
         | [1] You make a narrowly targeted pesticide by basing it on the
         | hormones that control the target's life cycle. You find some
         | specific behavior of the target, such as its "mate and die"
         | behavior, that is triggered by a specific hormone, and make
         | your pesticide trigger that. Then all you need to do is apply
         | the pesticide when the insect isn't yet sexually mature or when
         | the weather is too cold for eggs to survive, and the insects
         | mate and die, with no offspring produced.
        
         | philipkglass wrote:
         | The Earth doesn't receive enough radiant energy from the sun to
         | enter a Venus-like state from increased atmospheric CO2. At
         | least not without waiting hundreds of millions of years for the
         | sun's energy output to increase, in which case you might as
         | well just choose one of the high-patience destruction options.
         | 
         | As a much nearer term goal, the Earth could be rendered all but
         | sterile by _removing and permanently sequestering_ carbon from
         | the atmosphere to break the carbon cycle [0].
         | 
         | 1) Direct air capture of CO2 from the atmosphere.
         | 
         | 2) Conversion of CO2 to carbon with electrolytic hydrogen [1].
         | 
         | 3) Reaction of carbon with silicon dioxide in an electrical
         | furnace to form silicon carbide [2].
         | 
         | 4) Surface storage of ever-increasing quantities of silicon
         | carbide to end the Earth's carbon cycle and life itself.
         | 
         | Bulk silicon carbide is effectively inert to biological or
         | geological decomposition under surface conditions on Earth. It
         | can break down if subducted into high temperature regions of
         | the mantle, so it will need a watchful eye to keep geology at
         | bay until the sun's expansion destroys the Earth completely.
         | 
         | You'll need some basic clanking replicators (e.g. strictly
         | earthbound von Neumann machines) to accomplish this. 99% of the
         | life-elimination process can be finished in mere thousands of
         | years. Either nuclear breeder reactors or paving the world's
         | great deserts with solar panels can provide enough energy for
         | the project.
         | 
         | Silicon carbide can also oxidize in a furnace, so human
         | civilization must be neutralized. But if you have a fleet of
         | von Neumann machines dedicated to eliminating life that's one
         | of the first problems to solve anyway.
         | 
         | "Won't falling atmospheric CO2 trigger a new glacial maximum
         | and greatly retard the rate at which environments can be
         | decarbonized/sterilized, once ice cover impairs carbon cycling
         | to the atmosphere?"
         | 
         | Great question!
         | 
         | You don't want a lot of frozen water on Earth because that will
         | make it harder for CO2 to circulate through the atmosphere
         | where it's easy to capture. It takes thousands of years for the
         | ocean to fully overturn and exchange with the atmosphere under
         | present climate conditions; there's no sense in making it even
         | slower with sea ice. Nor is hiding soil under glacier cover a
         | sustainable solution to the life problem. But you also don't
         | want to leave CO2 in the atmosphere just to keep things warm
         | and freely circulating.
         | 
         | Some small portion of the replicators' effort can go toward
         | manufacturing potent non-carbon-bearing greenhouse gases such
         | as nitrogen trifluoride or sulfur hexafluoride. They are so
         | much more potent than CO2 that just a bit added to the
         | atmosphere should keep the Earth comfortably warm even as CO2
         | becomes too scarce to support photosynthetic life.
         | 
         | In only 10,000 years most multicellular life can be eliminated
         | by carbon starvation. Some remnants of life will remain deep
         | underground and near hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor. The
         | machines must continue to eliminate CO2 as it is emitted by
         | natural geological processes and maintain the mountains of
         | silicon carbide so that they remain intact into deep time.
         | Otherwise there could be another large scale outbreak of life
         | before the sun finishes Earth.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/Carbon+Cycle
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosch_reaction
         | 
         | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_carbide#Production
        
         | afterburner wrote:
         | > I think most of us would just be satisfied with rendering the
         | Earth a lifeless husk.
         | 
         | You're probably right. I mean, have you seen Factorio?
        
         | Aperocky wrote:
         | Probably easier than you think, just add a few more ATM of CO2
         | and it will work out to be just like Venus.
         | 
         | Though -- it's actually a lot of CO2, for starters burning
         | absolute every last bit of fossil fuel would probably
         | contribute to ~0.1% of the amount needed for a runaway
         | greenhouse event.
        
           | Ekaros wrote:
           | I have been wondering about that. Hasn't all of the carbon
           | now in fossil-fuels been in atmosphere at some point? Or has
           | more of it been freed from earth's crust or arrived as
           | meteors since formation of the fossil-fuels? So in the end
           | wouldn't worst case scenario be of around time when they
           | formed?
        
             | kaybe wrote:
             | Yes, that was the case about 500 million years ago. [0] The
             | climate and planet was very different back then, and it
             | took a long time for the CO2 to go down that much and for
             | life to cause this/adapt to the changes. The life back then
             | wouldn't be very happy if it was transported to today's
             | planet either.
             | 
             | In addition to the greenhouse effect, the location of the
             | continents can also have a major influence on the climate
             | due to the influence on ocean and air currents, the albedo,
             | weathering speed of exposed rock in the tropics and
             | different plant cover at different latitudes etc, thus it
             | is hard draw good comparisons (only modelling is possible,
             | and verification is hard).
             | 
             | To be fair, I do not believe we are capable of life
             | extinction on Earth. We are also not able to make the
             | conditions on this planet worse than it is on any other
             | planet we can reach so far. But we can cause a mass
             | extinction easily and make life for ourselves much much
             | harder. Our situation is so optimized for the current
             | conditions that changes will cause great pain. (Just look
             | at the locations of cities, or how agriculture is run.) If
             | we developed with the climate of 500 million years ago we
             | would be just fine with that. The problem is the fast and
             | large change.
             | 
             | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_in_Earth%2
             | 7s_at...
             | 
             | PS: One more point: CO2 causes some cognitive issues in
             | humans in concentrations above 1000 ppm, which often occurs
             | in meeting rooms and means the windows need to be opened
             | regularly. It's not bad, you just get a little tired and
             | dumber... so you take a break and open the windows. Now
             | imagine the CO2 concentration outside is 5000 ppm
             | (currently at ~415 ppm). We did not evolve for this.
        
             | thgaway17 wrote:
             | Shhh. Some of us are trying to make a living selling green
             | energy.
        
             | gizmondo wrote:
             | There used to be trees in Antarctica just 15 million years
             | ago, you know.
        
             | gamegoblin wrote:
             | > So in the end wouldn't worst case scenario be of around
             | time when they formed?
             | 
             | It's worth noting that the Earth's atmosphere would be
             | incompatible with current life at various past levels of
             | atmospheric carbon.
             | 
             | In the past, Earth's atmosphere was almost entirely
             | nitrogen and carbon dioxide[1], but at some point some
             | plucky cyanobacteria learned how to photosynthesize and
             | convert CO2 into O2, hugely changing the contents of the
             | atmosphere [2] and killing a large amount of life that
             | couldn't tolerate the new order.
             | 
             | So if we were to burn all the fossil fuels, it's quite
             | possible that this would cause a climate catastrophe that
             | would kill a large majority of life on earth. But there's a
             | decent chance that the cyanobacteria and friends would
             | survive and, after hundreds of millions of years, restart
             | the evolutionary process.
             | 
             | Note that climate catastrophes take many forms, and the
             | "greenhouse effect" does not even necessarily have to be
             | involved. Take ocean acidification for instance.
             | Atmospheric carbon raises the pH level of the ocean, which
             | can cause cascading ecological collapse.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoclimatology
             | 
             | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Oxidation_Event
             | 
             | [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_acidification
        
             | sudhirj wrote:
             | This seems to be a weird misconception about climate
             | change, that the earth getting hotter will somehow end all
             | life. That's very doubtful. All the plants will love the
             | new greenhouse, lots of energy in the atmosphere, rain
             | every day, the whole planet a tropical paradise. It's the
             | humans and some other species who'll be heavily
             | inconvenienced. Solving climate change is mostly so we can
             | stay comfortable and not have to deal with more ecological
             | crises and refugees.
        
               | guenthert wrote:
               | Only if it get just a little warmer. Photosynthesis is
               | temperature dependent however and its maximum is at a
               | modest 20 degree C, above 40 degree C its efficiency
               | falls rapidly [1]. If it gets much warmer than that, and
               | a run-away greenhouse effect would ensure that, only
               | algae and some bacteria survive a while longer. Once the
               | oceans are boiling, it's hard to imagine any life
               | surviving though.
               | 
               | There doesn't seem consensus on whether Earth could truly
               | reach a runaway greenhouse state or would rather _just_
               | settle at a higher temperature. In any case, only the
               | ecological (and consequently economic) crises and
               | refugees problem are the ones currently living people
               | will be affected by, but that ought to be enough to take
               | action.
               | 
               | [1] https://sciencing.com/effect-temperature-rate-
               | photosynthesis...
        
               | jbay808 wrote:
               | Not necessarily a tropical paradise, if it goes the way
               | of the end-permian mass extinction:
               | 
               | http://burro.case.edu/Academics/USNA229/impactfromthedeep
               | .pd...
        
               | dnautics wrote:
               | I for one am ready to bow down to our giant insect
               | overlords (once the plants get happy they will make more
               | O2 and enable surface diffusion breathers to become giant
               | again)
        
           | vaduz wrote:
           | We would do better with methane (100-year GWP 25), or even
           | better with nitrous oxide - with added bonus that both N2 and
           | O2 to produce it can be taken straight out of atmosphere
           | (100-year GWP 298), though they would not last very long.
        
           | dnautics wrote:
           | You do understand that even burning all of the oxygen in the
           | atmosphere currently to produce CO2 would yield less than an
           | ATM
        
             | rriepe wrote:
             | Only 70 more though and you're right there at Venus'
             | pressure.
        
           | gshubert17 wrote:
           | Burning all the fossil fuel reserves we have (know about),
           | would add over 200 ppm CO2 to the atmosphere (mostly from 1
           | trillion tons of coal). The additions from oil and gas are
           | smaller. We'd then have over 500 ppm CO2.
           | 
           | "Recoverable" coal is about 20 times proven reserves, so
           | burning all that would add 4000 ppm CO2. Now the total would
           | be 4500 ppm CO2, or almost 0.5 percent! Likely to be quite
           | unhealthy.
           | 
           | https://knoema.com/infographics/smsfgud/bp-world-reserves-
           | of...
           | 
           | https://inspectapedia.com/hazmat/Carbon_Dioxide_Hazards.php
        
             | djrogers wrote:
             | All the while you're doing that, plant life would be
             | booming, and after a sufficient period of time would
             | capture enough of that CO2 again to make it possible for
             | non-plant life to once again flourish.
        
               | sbierwagen wrote:
               | "A sufficient period of time" is underselling it a
               | little. Coal is only formed if wood is buried without
               | rotting first. If we burned _all_ the coal we can find,
               | it would take tens of millions of years to be replaced.
        
           | nikanj wrote:
           | Venus is ~100 million kilometers from the sun, Earth about
           | 150 million km. No matter of greenhouse gases is going to
           | compensate for that difference in radiation heating.
           | 
           | Because radiation dissipates to the distance squared, we get
           | around 40-50% of the heating Venus does.
        
         | megablast wrote:
         | Agreed. That is what most of us are aiming to do.
        
       | swayvil wrote:
       | I read of a scifi tech that rotated a photon through the hoopajoo
       | dimension, thus converting a 1.0c massless particle into a 0.9c
       | particle that weighs a couple grams.
       | 
       | So we set up such a converting lens between the sun and earth and
       | let our downshifted photons blast it to bits over a couple
       | months.
        
       | it wrote:
       | Even this didn't do it: https://grahamhancock.com/ancient-
       | cataclysm-hancock/
        
         | vpribish wrote:
         | he had me going until "...that made us a species with amnesia
         | and wiped out almost all traces of a former high civilisation
         | of prehistoric antiquity"
         | 
         | This summarizes the evidence nicely:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Younger_Dryas_impact_hypothesi...
        
       | f_allwein wrote:
       | > on September 10, 2008, the Earth has been destroyed
       | 
       | https://qntm.org/board
       | 
       | Did I miss something there?
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | Yes, we had to restore you from a backup. That's why you missed
         | it. But no worries, it looks like you were restored ok.
         | Probably.
        
       | jaakl wrote:
       | Can we be even sure that earth (and everything else from
       | universes to ourselves) exists in the first place? Maybe we are
       | just very complicated simulation faking it? Is or can we possibly
       | have any strong proof for it? Stronger than Occam's razor for
       | example.
        
         | hntrader wrote:
         | This is the "brain in a vat" thought experiment in philosophy.
         | Also the simulation hypothesis.
         | 
         | In short, I don't believe it's falsifiable or testable. We can
         | just reason about likelihoods.
         | 
         | Relevant to this is solipsism. We also don't have and can't
         | have specific evidence that another being is conscious. At best
         | we can just say that it's likely that they are.
        
         | hoppla wrote:
         | We better not... do not want The Operator to destroy our Earth.
        
         | stjo wrote:
         | Another story by the same author on the topic:
         | https://qntm.org/responsibility
        
           | jaakl wrote:
           | Yep, just saw it also. This speculates that we are fake. My
           | curiosity is whether it is possible to prove or falsify it.
           | Descartes had quite strong proof that we do exist
           | (cogito...), but also he was not able to say are we real, or
           | what we really are.
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | > Descartes had quite strong proof that we do exist
             | (cogito...)
             | 
             | Well, no, Descartes' argument only applies in the first-
             | person-singular of the person evaluating the argument, not
             | the first-person-plural.
        
       | qndreoi wrote:
       | "Cooked in a solar oven You will need: Means for focusing a good
       | few percent of the Sun's energy output directly on the Earth."
       | 
       | Mirrors don't work that way. Mirrors can't focus to a black body
       | temperature higher than that of the the light source.
        
         | s1artibartfast wrote:
         | I don't think that is true. Energy can be focused to a smaller
         | volume with a higher temp and you can keep adding energy. This
         | is how laser fusion works.
        
           | qndreoi wrote:
           | Author doesn't speak of lasers. Author says to use mirrors.
           | The sun takes up about 1/2 degree width as seen from Earth.
           | This limits the focus you can get using mirrors. (see 2nd law
           | of thermodynamics) You could put solar panels on every
           | surface of a Dyson swarm, convert to laser light, and aim it
           | all at Earth, but that is not what author proposes.
        
             | qndreoi wrote:
             | 2nd law says heat flows from hot to cold. Mirrors are
             | passive, temperature of target, (Earth), must be lower than
             | surface temperature of source (Sun).
        
             | s1artibartfast wrote:
             | The degrees dont matter and you dont need to convert to
             | laser light. You can have a dyson sphere of mirrors to
             | reflect the entire energy output of the sun.
             | 
             | As you say, The sun has surface area of 6 x 10^18 m^2.
             | Earth has surface area of 5 x 10^14 m^2 for a ratio of
             | 10^4.
             | 
             | IF you reflect all of this energy to the earth, the
             | incoming energy _per meter_ on the earth will be 10^4
             | higher than the energy _per meter_ leaving the surface of
             | the sun.
             | 
             | The surface of the sun is 5,700K and can use the Stefan-
             | Boltzmann law to describe how hot the earth would have to
             | be to radiate the same amount of energy. Earth would need
             | 57,000K to match the the same output.
        
               | qndreoi wrote:
               | You can't reflect all the energy of the sun onto the
               | earth with a mirror or a lens. Put a one million mile
               | wide source 93 million miles from the earth. The photons
               | from the left side of the sun will reflect off the mirror
               | about 1/2 degree from those from the right side of the
               | sun. Get more than about 1 million miles from earth, and
               | the size of the reflection of sunlight off the mirror is
               | already larger than the earth, i.e. many of those photons
               | will miss the earth entirely. Optics obeys the 2nd law of
               | thermodynamics like all other heat transfer mechanisms.
               | The target must be cooler than the source.
        
         | andi999 wrote:
         | So you say the max temp on earth by this method is the sun's
         | temperature. Why wouldn't this be enough?
        
           | qndreoi wrote:
           | It may, but source says "You will need: Means for focusing a
           | good few percent of the Sun's energy output directly on the
           | Earth.", then posits using mirrors to do this. Mirrors could
           | get Earth to something approaching 5800 kelvin, but that is
           | nowhere near "a few good percent of the sun's energy output."
        
             | aflag wrote:
             | How much energy is a good few percent?
        
               | qndreoi wrote:
               | The sun has surface area of 6 x 10^18 m^2. Earth has
               | surface area of 5 x 10^14 m^2. Earth can not be bombarded
               | by more than the ratio of these to numbers with solar
               | radiation using only mirrors. <<1 percent.
        
               | yongjik wrote:
               | I see what you mean, but it seems like a self-correcting
               | problem. Focus enough of the sun's energy on Earth, and
               | it will be shrouded with a rapidly expanding ball of hot
               | plasma, at which point its surface area would be much
               | greater. Now you can focus even more of the sun's energy
               | on it without conjuring Maxwell's demons.
        
         | s1artibartfast wrote:
         | As a second point, even if mirros can't make the earth hotter
         | than the sun, Why isnt the suns temperature enough to vaporize
         | the the earth?
         | 
         | The sun is a plasma bound together by gravity and earth does
         | not have enough gravity to retain it's mass?
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | hikerclimber wrote:
       | hopefully earth gets destroyed within my lifetime.
        
       | swayvil wrote:
       | Create the intergalactic equivalent of a superpopular sitcom,
       | like Friends.
       | 
       | Make random reference to Earth (and its location) in conversation
       | between Ross and Phoebe.
       | 
       | Earth suddenly has massive value to fans of the show. Rabid alien
       | fans swarm in and steal Earth away in flyingsaucer-portable
       | chunks.
        
       | CamelCaseName wrote:
       | Shouldn't the title read (2003) not (2006)?
        
       | neurobashing wrote:
       | Fans of the Xeelee Sequence are probably thinking, Meh, just go
       | find a Starbreaker, and take out all of the system!
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | qbasic_forever wrote:
       | We actually have the technology to destroy life on the planet
       | with one thing, the cobalt bomb:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt_bomb It's a salted nuclear
       | bomb made to throw an enormous cloud of radioactive cobalt into
       | the atmosphere of a planet. It would be as if hundreds of
       | Chernobyl powerplants exploded in the air and the fallout would
       | circle the globe, fall on all the people and plants and slowly
       | kill them over a few years. The ecosystem would be devastated and
       | the planet would become unlivable for some time. Luckily we
       | decided hydrogen and neutron bombs were about as bad a device as
       | we wanted to build and left cobalt bombs on the drawing board.
        
         | scarmig wrote:
         | I'm not saying we wouldn't get our hair mussed, but I'm
         | skeptical this would end all life on Earth, or even wipe out
         | humanity. For one, it won't circulate evenly. Some places will
         | be irradiated an order of magnitude more than average, but some
         | places won't be irradiated at all. Simply adding more bombs and
         | bigger bombs doesn't help here: you've got to point them at all
         | the safe spots.
         | 
         | Even ignoring those safe spots, some forms of life can probably
         | exist in irradiated areas: Chernobyl's dead zone isn't by any
         | means devoid of life.
         | 
         | There are probably shelters that could provide a safe harbor,
         | though I don't trust them functioning for more than a half life
         | or two.
        
           | guenthert wrote:
           | > Chernobyl's dead zone isn't by any means devoid of life.
           | 
           | Is that because of immigration or is it actually capable of
           | sustaining (multi-cellular) life?
        
             | DoreenMichele wrote:
             | The latter:
             | 
             | https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/060418-c
             | h...
             | 
             | I also have heard (from "a reliable source") that one of
             | the best nature preserves in the US is not labeled a nature
             | preserve. It's off limits because it's the area around a
             | nuclear plant.
             | 
             | With no people around, other life forms tend to thrive.
             | Humans are lousy stewards of planet earth more often than
             | not.
        
             | ClumsyPilot wrote:
             | It's absolutely habitable, there were even some people who
             | refused to leave / came back. You are much more likely to
             | get cancer, but it certainly is habitable.
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XaUNhqnpiOE
        
             | bottled_poe wrote:
             | Turns out the radiation level is less harmful to life than
             | human presence. Who would have guessed.
        
         | tpmx wrote:
         | Obvious clarification: Destroying life on earth isn't the same
         | as destroying the earth.
         | 
         | Edit: Also, please don't bring up Chernobyl like that, without
         | any comparison to modern nuclear tech. Modern safe nuclear
         | power is necessary for avoiding dramatic climate change, which
         | would hurt a lot of humans (but not earth).
        
           | legulere wrote:
           | Why do you think nuclear is necessary? Nuclear is stagnating
           | at just 10% of global electricity and renewables are rapidly
           | growing
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation
        
             | tpmx wrote:
             | There is no remotely efficent way to store very large
             | volumes of electricity.
             | 
             | Wind power works great sometimes, but we need electricity
             | that works all of the the time.
             | 
             | > Nuclear is stagnating at just 10% of global electricity
             | 
             | At the moment the slack is increasingly being picked up by
             | burning coal or oil. That's bad.
        
           | overboard2 wrote:
           | While I agree that nuclear power is important, I also think
           | that trying to get people to include tangentially relevant
           | opinions as context is a bad idea. While pushing your opinion
           | on Chernobyl every time you mention Chernobyl might help to
           | push that opinion, it decreases the signal to noise ratio of
           | what you're trying to primarily convey. Additionally, it can
           | introduce unnecessary opinions into otherwise neutral or
           | slightly opinionated comments.
        
       | nicbou wrote:
       | This is the kind of internet I like, and the reason why I visit
       | this website. Thanks for sharing
        
       | aminozuur wrote:
       | I will link this the next time someone says "we're destroying
       | Earth", when they mean "life on Earth".
       | 
       | Earth is 4.5B years old, and will likely continue to exist for
       | quite some time. That's called the "Lindy effect" (old things
       | will likely continue to exist).
        
         | paulryanrogers wrote:
         | What do you hope to accomplish responding to a life-on-earth
         | concern with an article exploring how to destroy the celestial
         | body?
        
           | aminozuur wrote:
           | That people say "life on earth", and not "earth".
           | 
           | I'm a bit autistic when it comes to language.
        
             | HelloMcFly wrote:
             | This only thing this accomplishes is making you look like a
             | jerk, with maybe a 10% chance of getting a chuckle out of
             | the right person.
        
             | gcheong wrote:
             | I think the term is pedantic.
        
         | 8bitsrule wrote:
         | Carlin had something to say about that.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PdSi9NW5u3E
        
         | ttt0 wrote:
         | With the extreme environments that some animal species live in,
         | I'm not even considered about destroying the life on Earth. It
         | doesn't seem like an easy thing to pull off.
        
           | dennis_moore wrote:
           | I'm not saying it isn't, but these organisms evolved over
           | millions of years to adapt to these environments, whereas the
           | extreme conditions caused by human activity are happening on
           | a much shorter time scale, probably too short for organisms
           | to be able to adapt.
        
             | vaduz wrote:
             | It is pretty hard to imagine any particular set of
             | conditions short of total planetary surface destruction
             | that would make all extremophiles go extinct - and as long
             | there is enough of them, they will start spreading again.
             | 
             | Any _particular_ species, _including humans_ that lives on
             | Earth is unlikely to survive catastrophic changes - but
             | life will come back and spread into the newly freed and
             | opened niches, just as it did before multiple times.
        
         | gcheong wrote:
         | More specifically they mean human life. Almost nobody cares
         | about an Earth incapable of supporting human life.
        
           | ttt0 wrote:
           | Are they? Some people I saw seem to be more considered about
           | animals than humans.
        
             | gcheong wrote:
             | Some but that's what I mean by almost nobody. Even within
             | that group I would say their concern about animals most
             | likely takes human existence for granted.
        
         | Isamu wrote:
         | We probably can't destroy all life on earth either, because of
         | the adaptations of microbes to the most inhospitable
         | conditions. You'd have to remove the atmosphere and the oceans
         | probably, or turn the earth into Venus.
         | 
         | Likewise when people remark on the fragility of earth when
         | looking at a whole earth image - no, it is we who are fragile,
         | particularly when, as tiny as we are, we could make the earth
         | inhospitable to us.
        
         | bootlooped wrote:
         | If somebody says they destroyed their car in an accident do you
         | also point out that the car is fine and mostly in one piece,
         | it's just totally unusable for human transportation?
         | 
         | Everybody knows what is meant when people say this.
        
           | aflag wrote:
           | The car crash disfigured the car into something people
           | wouldn't really call it a car anymore. However, even if earth
           | stops supporting human life (or, more likely, greatly reduce
           | the number of places on earth that humans can live on), no
           | one would argue it is still a planet.
        
             | bootlooped wrote:
             | I think that assertion is disproven by thinking about what
             | junkyards are full of: cars. It doesn't matter that they
             | can't drive anymore, or even that they may be totally
             | missing significant parts. People still generally think of
             | them as cars.
        
         | andi999 wrote:
         | Why did nobody tell the dinosaurs about the Lindy effect?
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | Maybe someone did, who's to say...
        
       | megablast wrote:
       | Why would you need to create an equivalent size amount of
       | antimatter to destroy the planet, when you would need a lot less
       | since it releases so much energy?
        
         | porphyra wrote:
         | If you scroll down there is a section about blowing Earth up
         | with an antimatter bomb made of a lot less antimatter.
        
       | KarlKemp wrote:
       | It's like XKCD, but without the lightness, humor, and general
       | affection for humankind.
        
         | NateEag wrote:
         | I thought it was hilarious.
         | 
         | Opinions will vary, I suppose.
        
           | Sotosaywhat wrote:
           | Well that may be Ot an emotional driven but... somehow
           | related comic://i.ibb.co/Kzrkg97/23243-en-CONCLUSION-FINAL-
           | Mail.png (-;
        
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