[HN Gopher] Highest rates of teen bullying are between friends a...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Highest rates of teen bullying are between friends and friends-of-
       friends: study
        
       Author : thereare5lights
       Score  : 194 points
       Date   : 2021-02-20 06:09 UTC (16 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.ucdavis.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.ucdavis.edu)
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | What definition of bullying are they using? The article doesn't
       | say. The actual paper [1] sidesteps the issue: "Accordingly, we
       | sidestep the conceptual morass of bullying and focus instead on
       | the broader term of aggression, which refers to behavior with the
       | intent to harm, injure, or cause pain. We focus on several forms
       | of peer aggression, including physical (e.g., hitting, kicking),
       | verbal (e.g., name-calling, threats), and indirect aggression
       | (e.g., spreading rumors, ostracism)."
       | 
       | Bullying used to just mean beating up people physically. That's
       | changed. The US Government site on this says "Social bullying
       | includes: Leaving someone out on purpose."[2] That's overreach.
       | The US has freedom of association as a First Amendment right, and
       | that right is not limited to adults.
       | 
       | The article conflates socially competitive behavior with
       | bullying. So of course they find it as associated with friends or
       | near-friends.
       | 
       | What are the rules of social competition? This is a classic
       | subject. See any of Jane Austen's works.[3] Few people are taught
       | this explicitly. Women used to be taught it in "finishing
       | schools". It was part of the task of Oxford tutors to teach it.
       | "My job is to make you a better bastard".
       | 
       | Right now, there's an anime running which teaches this: Jaku-
       | Chara Tomozaki-kun.[4] It's also a regular theme in country and
       | western music.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/712972
       | 
       | [2] https://www.stopbullying.gov/bullying/what-is-bullying
       | 
       | [3] https://www.gutenberg.org/files/105/105-h/105-h.htm
       | 
       | [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom-tier_Character_Tomozaki
        
       | ralphc wrote:
       | I say this as someone who was a nerd in the '70s, before it was
       | cool, but the problem is, we have a bunch of children that needs
       | to be taught many subjects to be productive citizens, at a level
       | of expertise not seen in history. Their parents go to jobs during
       | the day. What is a better solution than what we do right now?
       | It's certainly not perfect but what can we do better? In the past
       | we had apprentice programs but youth learned one trade, little
       | history, math, "social studies", other things we expect people to
       | know. We are trying an experiment right now due to the pandemic -
       | remote learning. It exposes a digital divide for sure, but we can
       | all see where that would be less of an issue in the future. It's
       | being called a failure by parents, kids are falling behind,
       | mental health issues are climbing. Kids, people in general, need
       | some kind of social interaction for their health. So, back to
       | school? Back to my original question? What can be better than
       | what we do now?
        
         | ip26 wrote:
         | Yeah, there are a limited set of options.                  *
         | school        * apprenticeship         * one parent (with near
         | certainty the mother) must stay home        * large extended
         | families i.e. grandma raises the kids
         | 
         | All but school are incomplete. A five year old can't
         | apprentice. Many people aren't blessed with grandparents close
         | by who can raise kids. Stay at home parenting works for some,
         | but not single parents- and many women want to work. I get the
         | feeling many _"school is just daycare!"_ critics quietly prefer
         | women pick between kids  & career- though I could be wrong.
         | 
         | It's also important to consider that, for most of human
         | history, a child who is with their parents 24/7/365 is an
         | anomaly. Kids need socializing with other people, and parents
         | need a break. The same way spouses in a healthy relationship
         | need time apart.
        
           | monoideism wrote:
           | > for most of human history, a child who is with their
           | parents 24/7/365 is an anomaly
           | 
           | Where do you get this idea? It's actually the opposite.
           | Modern universal schooling is an aberration that only took
           | hold in the 1800s, with some schooling for the upper classes
           | before that.
           | 
           | For most of recorded history, children helped their parents
           | around the house and field, with some going off to an
           | apprenticeship around 12-14.
        
             | ip26 wrote:
             | Modern schooling is obviously new, but in tribal
             | communities the world over, children are watched over by
             | many adults over the course of the day.
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/It_takes_a_village
             | 
             | As for recorded history, kids had a lot more unstructured
             | time to themselves even fifty years ago to play in the mud
             | or run about the neighborhood.
        
             | ajsnigrutin wrote:
             | This depends on the meaning of "24" in "24/7/365"
             | 
             | Kids spent a lot of time outside with their peers, and with
             | extended families, neighbors, and even alone. Maybe not 9
             | hours per day (time kids spend in school (and "afternoon
             | care" in my country) with both parents working 8
             | hours/day), but still a considerable amount of time, when
             | they didnt help with the chores.
             | 
             | It might be anecdotal, but only recently I have seen the
             | trend of parents filling up every minute of their kids
             | schedules with after school activities, burning out their
             | children at a very young age.
        
         | Bakary wrote:
         | Better training for teachers, higher barriers to entry, and
         | much stronger incentives to be a teacher. Namely, a higher
         | salary. With degree inflation, the status of teachers has
         | decreased sharply when they are in fact one of the most
         | important professions at an aggregate level. There are tons of
         | social and economic problems that are directly the result of
         | piss-poor education systems.
        
           | whitepaint wrote:
           | > Better training for teachers, higher barriers to entry, and
           | much stronger incentives to be a teacher.
           | 
           | How do you achieve that? By privatizing schools?
        
             | Bakary wrote:
             | Reforming the degrees and schools that train teachers.
             | Increasing teacher salaries in the public sector.
             | Essentially making it more selective but giving a higher
             | reward goes hand in hand. Making it a funnel where a
             | portion of unmotivated and planless people go helps neither
             | the profession nor the students IMO. The private sector
             | usually does fine on its own since they cater to the
             | wealthy and have the necessary resources. Some countries
             | take teachers very seriously, such as Finland, so it's
             | definitely something that is possible to implement if still
             | much harder in a very large country.
        
             | imtringued wrote:
             | If you really want to privatize schools they absolutely
             | most be non profit with salary caps. (not 2x more than the
             | median salary). In practice privatization doesn't work
             | because rich parents can afford expensive schools and their
             | children perform better simply because they aren't poor.
             | Additionally, private schools don't take on disabled or
             | delayed students because that would ruin profits.
        
         | BrianOnHN wrote:
         | > as someone who was a nerd in the '70s, before it was cool
         | 
         | > What can be better than what we do now?
         | 
         | HN threads on any education topic are always littered with
         | oversimplified causes and "silver bullet" solutions. My guess
         | is that it's mostly from the "nerds are cool" generation. Being
         | on the cusp of the two generations, I'm not so willing to throw
         | out the 100+ years of evolution in institutionalized education.
         | 
         | One thing we can do better now? Bring back and/or increase
         | focus on civics, history, and social studies. This for obvious
         | reasons, like the right-wing/populist political debacle, but
         | also as a way to develop an inherent ambition as a result of a
         | better understanding of our society and how it can be changed.
        
           | imtringued wrote:
           | >One thing we can do better now? Bring back and/or increase
           | focus on civics, history, and social studies. This for
           | obvious reasons, like the right-wing/populist political
           | debacle, but also as a way to develop an inherent ambition as
           | a result of a better understanding of our society and how it
           | can be changed.
           | 
           | Extremism and populism aren't caused by children. In fact
           | it's the opposite. It's the children that are fighting for
           | rational causes. Why do we have "a" Greta Thunberg? Because
           | adults failed.
        
             | Chris2048 wrote:
             | > Why do we have "a" Greta Thunberg?
             | 
             | because certain politicians and activists are willing to
             | exploit children to promote their cause?
        
           | Chris2048 wrote:
           | Civics I get, but how the hell will history help?
        
       | BannedQuick wrote:
       | Many if we spent more time teaching our AIs to ban all human
       | connection instead of only racists, we could stop bullying for
       | good.
        
       | rawland wrote:
       | "Social Ladder"
       | 
       | What is this exactly? Why does it exist? Which societies have
       | such a property?
        
         | loveistheanswer wrote:
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survival_of_the_fittest
        
       | yalogin wrote:
       | It's not clear to me what the paper thinks bullying is. Clearly
       | the bullying depicted in the simpsons is not what's considered
       | here. Among friends or a friend network, I n the spectrum where
       | does bullying begin and social manipulation end? It would have
       | been nice to have some examples.
        
       | WaitWaitWha wrote:
       | What is bullying in this article?
       | 
       | As @animats points out, the research is not using accepted
       | Olweus's definition of bullying.
       | 
       | Instead they use aggression and bind it to bullying.
       | 
       | This very much scares me, specially how Kinney's aggression
       | includes verbal and indirect aggression.
       | 
       | There are clear cases where most can agree something is verbal
       | aggression. My fear is in defining the edges of these verbal
       | exchanges.
       | 
       | Who decides the words said were aggressive?
       | 
       | In essence, the research reads like a further lowering tolerance
       | bar for others' verbal expression.
       | 
       | In a dystopian world, the solution would be where all
       | communications is passed through a system, and pre-approved prior
       | to transmitting it to the other party.
       | 
       | Sort of like some system, say a social (media) service where we
       | only display pleasing and pleasant images and text with
       | appropriate tiny pictures representing positive feelings, while
       | the service provider shelters us from aggressive thoughts.
       | 
       | personal anecdote: I was in the grocery store waiting for sliced
       | cheese. The customer that was at the counter, asked for something
       | and got into a conversation with the clerk while he was slicing,
       | but I could not make out most of it. I heard "blah blah, and you
       | can make blah blah great again!" The man behind me start yelling,
       | how the customer at the counter was a (insert curse words, lots
       | of WWII references), and cheese customer should die right there,
       | we should all lynch cheese customer, and on and on...
       | 
       | The cheese customer's words were verbal aggression to the yelling
       | man. Turns out cheese customer was talking about some engine oil
       | for the clerk's high mileage car.
       | 
       | Was the cheese customer a bully? Was the yelling man behind me a
       | victim of aggression? Was the yelling man bullied by the cheese
       | customer? What if the discussion was between the cheese customer
       | and yelling victim?
       | 
       | I am not trying to be flippant as these incidents no longer are
       | theoretical, "oh this will never happen" scenario. I have seen
       | other similar violent reactions from people just when the "wrong
       | words" or words deemed by the hearer aggressive were uttered.
        
       | darig wrote:
       | Every time I've stabbed a bully in the face with a pen, they
       | never tried anything ever again. Actually only had to do it once,
       | and no one ever tried anything again. Other kid got suspended for
       | instigating. Simple solutions for simple problems. Stand up for
       | yourself. Stab somebody.
        
       | graycat wrote:
       | Broadly one problem with education in _advanced, industrialized_
       | countries is the ratio of number of teachers to number of
       | children.
       | 
       | E.g., if waste enough time on YouTube, can find some videos of,
       | say, cooking in some 2nd and 3rd world countries. So, yesterday I
       | found a video of cooking in Madagascar. Yup, for the kids, it was
       | very different from the US!!!!
       | 
       | Basically the kids were right in with the parents, fathers doing
       | whatever work, especially fishing, and mothers doing whatever,
       | especially cooking. So, the ratio of number of parents to number
       | of children was MUCH higher than in US public schools. The kids
       | were just running around, playing with each other, no doubt
       | learning roles and skills from the adults. The kids just had
       | little opportunity to form cliques, in-groups, a hierarchy, do
       | _social climbing_ , bullying, etc. In particular, the kids were
       | MUCH better supervised than in US public schools. Maybe among the
       | adults there was a Big Man on the Beach but not among the kids.
       | 
       | Is this _education_? Well, yes!! There is the old, famous John
       | Dewey _Democracy and Education_ where with a definition that
       | _education_ is the passing down from the older generation to the
       | younger one. What gets passed down is all of it, good and bad,
       | true or false, written or not, scientific or not, etc.
       | 
       | Then some _educational theorists_ decided to separate the kids
       | from their parents, have _schools_ with MUCH lower ratio of
       | number of adults to number of children, have the kids do 3Rs,
       | read some often silly _literature_ (fiction), learn some
       | questionable history, learn some propaganda _civics_ , and learn
       | some technical subjects that are supposed to make them good
       | apprentice workers or some such. Whatever the _learning_ is, that
       | low ratio remains important and, in particular, brings the
       | opportunity for bullying, social climbing, in-groups, status
       | hierarchies, queen bee, pretty, cheerleader girls, big man on
       | campus athlete boys, football Homecoming King and Queen, etc.
       | 
       | Then there is the darned problem of SEX: Bluntly, at least in the
       | US, the girls are ready to be good as wives and mothers years
       | before the boys are ready to be good as husbands and fathers. So,
       | in grades 7-9, lots of the girls are the prettiest human females
       | ever get and attractive to any man that can still stand but look
       | at boys their own age as silly children. The boys have to put up
       | with the high quality _social distancing_ from the girls their
       | own age until they get to the 9+th grades and notice that girls
       | 1-3 years younger WILL pay attention to them. Similar thing
       | happens in college: The freshmen women are gorgeous, but the ones
       | looking for their MRS degree will be looking at the senior men,
       | not the junior, sophomores, or freshmen.
       | 
       | Heck, when I was in college, I lived at home and dated a girl
       | about 200 yards from my house. She was 4 years younger! So,
       | right, as I was a sophomore in college, she was a sophomore in
       | high school. Mother Nature and Darwin were happy. But the
       | difference was still not large enough: When I was a first year
       | grad student, she was a college freshman looking ONLY for her MRS
       | degree, and we broke up, she quickly got married and "punched
       | out" two boys, all before I got married.
       | 
       | Gee, when Lady Di was 15 she decided that she would marry Prince
       | Charles, about 15 years older. She did! Lady Di was drop dead
       | gorgeous, and Charles didn't have a chance!
       | 
       | Later I got a second lesson: I had a late model high end Camaro
       | and a good job and for the job wanted to do some library
       | research. So, I drove to my old college and hoped that I would be
       | able to use the library. As I drove up, parked, and started to
       | walk, I got a really good "come hither" look from a coed about 50
       | yards away. I never got any such looks when I was a student
       | there! And all that coed knew about me was that I had a late
       | model sports car, looked older, out of college, and didn't look
       | like any of the students she had already seen.
       | 
       | So, in Madagascar, I guess the boys of 15 or so either (a) the US
       | age differences apply and they chase girls 2-4 years younger
       | (with parents not far away) or (b) the US differences do not
       | apply and they chase girls close to their own age. And for (b)
       | maybe there is little reason for the US differences to apply,
       | that is, a boy of 15 may have long since learned the work of the
       | men, fishing, boating, net making, boat building and repairing,
       | collecting shellfish by swimming to the bottom, etc. and, thus,
       | be qualified as a husband.
       | 
       | I would ask (1) what the heck are the goals of US public
       | education and (2) does the current system have even 10% of the
       | _bang for the buck_ possible for the goals?
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | underwater wrote:
       | I'm increasingly of the opinion that grouping school children
       | with others kids their age is hugely damaging.
       | 
       | The major figures in most kid's lives are parents and teachers,
       | who are in an authority position; siblings, who have a complex
       | relationship that often turns competitive; and their school
       | friends.
       | 
       | Kids are missing a chance to socialise with children who are
       | older than them, learn from adults who are not in an authority
       | role, and to care for and mentor younger children.
       | 
       | Instead they spend all their time with other kids who are have
       | they exact same emotionally immaturity as they do. You get
       | feedback loops of bad behaviour, and put them in bubbles where
       | their peers and their psychopathic games (like bullying) make up
       | 100% of their reality.
       | 
       | The only consistent counterpoint I can think of are cousins, who
       | are typically slightly older or younger, and are outside of kids'
       | normal peer groups. As a result these are often very positive
       | relationships.
        
         | msluyter wrote:
         | I've often thought this -- age stratification to our current
         | degree is a relatively new (20th century?) phenomenon, and
         | seems under-studied. I think the awareness came to my mind when
         | I went to a number of mixed polka/swing dances back in like
         | 1999 put on by the local Czech center. It was a rare mix of
         | seniors doing traditional polka side by side with college
         | students (who were brought in by the swing dancing) along with
         | other adults, their kids, 5 year olds running around, etc...
         | And then we'd do goofy dances like the Hokey Pokey or the
         | Chicken Dance. (This was via the eclectic and fun band, "Brave
         | Combo.") The entire mix felt weirdly... healthy.
         | 
         | One reason we chose a private girl's school for our daughter is
         | that, along with traditional (horizontal) grades, it has
         | "sister groups," which are vertical slices of girls from
         | varying grade levels. These meet and socialize throughout the
         | year.
        
         | vinceguidry wrote:
         | You know I really think you're on to something there. I
         | distinctly remember being in middle school and not wanting to
         | associate with anyone my age. Few years older, great, few years
         | younger, great. But it just wasn't pleasant to try to maintain
         | friendships with my peers. The constant social competitiveness
         | just really irked me. I always preferred one-on-one socializing
         | rather than groups. If I didn't like how one of my older
         | friends was treating me, well, I didn't have to knock on his
         | door for awhile.
         | 
         | And when I started bullying the younger kids I would hang out
         | with, I was able to reflect on it later and stop being such an
         | ass. Course, it would come out anyway, but not being trapped in
         | one single group of friends and having to derive my social
         | identity from that made it much easier to self-adjust. Looking
         | back on those years, it's pretty obvious now just how much of
         | what I experienced back then was that pecking order mindset.
        
         | hi5eyes wrote:
         | it's unfortunate most kids dont get a skilled mentor by middle
         | school. I had friends that were older than me, and my uncle,
         | both got me interested in tech/"hacking". eventually the school
         | let some of us help do some tech support. its such a waste of
         | time to stuff kids into a room with no direction, just to
         | fulfill gen ed requirements so the school boards ranks better.
         | I had a friend get hired into tech straight out of highschool
         | without a degree while everyone else wasted time in undergrad
        
           | sitkack wrote:
           | Imagine if we lived in a society healthy enough that kids
           | could have more of a proto-adult status.
           | 
           | Kids are told they have to wait for certain times or ages to
           | do things. That is a HS level shop thing. Oh you need
           | calculus for that and that isn't till college.
           | 
           | We should find a way to empower any kid with ambition to take
           | that as far as they want as early as they want.
        
             | ip26 wrote:
             | I wanted to run the huge 24" table saw in shop when I was
             | 12. I'm glad no one let me.
        
               | sitkack wrote:
               | That isn't what I said, this is a comic book guy
               | response. Am I supposed to argue with you and support and
               | argument I wasn't trying to make?
               | 
               | No one unskilled should do dangerous things, rather than
               | throw up comment like this, why not make a constructive
               | one along the lines of, "when I was 12 I wanted to build
               | X and it required using the large table saw. I had to
               | wait until I was 17 to do that because using the table
               | saw blocked me. How can we unblock kids from completing
               | their projects?"
        
               | ip26 wrote:
               | I must have misunderstood your concept of proto-adult,
               | apologies.
        
               | freeone3000 wrote:
               | What about you being twelve made you less safe than
               | someone of sixteen? "Don't put fingers on the metal bit"
               | isn't a terribly complex lesson, about on par with "don't
               | touch the stove when it's hot" or "curl your fingers when
               | cutting downwards".
        
               | ip26 wrote:
               | Less strength, focus, reach, coordination, awareness,
               | probably less responsible... anyway, a large table saw is
               | one of the most dangerous power tools in a wood shop.
               | There's just no reason a 12 year old needs to assume that
               | risk. We had unfettered use of band saws, drills, jig
               | saws, sanders, and all kinds of equipment. You don't need
               | to run the table saw to learn woodworking.
               | 
               | I think about this as a parent. Letting your kid take
               | risks is good. A jig saw can hurt! But that doesn't mean
               | a child should be taking mortal risk. A table saw can
               | absolutely kill you.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | >Don't put fingers on the metal bit" isn't a terribly
               | complex lesson
               | 
               | No, that's not the problem. The problem is kickback.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | I'm an adult and I don't want to use table saws because I
               | consider them too dangerous. Nobody has to tell me when I
               | am old enough for them because I know the danger doesn't
               | go away with age. I also don't want to weld or use an
               | angle grinder for the same reasons. Dangerous tools will
               | never be safe.
               | 
               | If I could avoid driving I would probably stop that too.
        
         | yowlingcat wrote:
         | Insightful point. This kinda reminds me of stereotypical SV
         | startups with only young employees. Without peers who are more
         | experienced and often psychologically more well-equipped to
         | handle adversity, you see a lot of situations that could
         | otherwise be learning moments instead become blow ups.
         | 
         | I suppose that's not the only parallel. Absentee authority
         | figures is another one.
        
         | Zelphyr wrote:
         | One of the benefits of Montessori is you have kids with two
         | years age difference in the same classroom. If you're in the
         | 8th grade then you're in a class with 9th and 7th graders.
        
         | johnchristopher wrote:
         | > Instead they spend all their time with other kids who are
         | have they exact same emotionally immaturity as they do.
         | 
         | I don't think that's true but I agree with your other points if
         | we agree that emotional maturity isn't a true false stage and
         | that there are domains for which one isn't as mature as in
         | another domain.
         | 
         | For instance, I learned at a very young age (3 or 4) that
         | hurting others was actually painful for the other part. Not
         | from receiving it myself but from giving it. From then I could
         | never engage in confrontation/retaliation dynamics which put me
         | at odds with others.
        
         | Tyr42 wrote:
         | I would say positive things about martial arts dojos, where the
         | experienced students often practice with the less so students
         | to pass down skills. At least my Judo one was like that.
        
           | Zelphyr wrote:
           | Jiu Jitsu is the same way. I learn as much from "mentoring"
           | lower belts as I do from training with upper belts. I also
           | learn how much I _don't_ know from both.
        
         | andrewflnr wrote:
         | I don't know if I've thought about this before or what, but now
         | that you've said it, it seems obviously true. Not that mixing
         | older and younger little monsters is necessarily a panacea (I
         | bet it would be rocky if you started tomorrow). But strict
         | stratification can't be optimal.
         | 
         | Other point about cousin relationships: interaction typically
         | happens in a context that includes other adults, another
         | moderating influence. I think that also runs in favor of your
         | point.
        
         | ravenstine wrote:
         | I don't think this is true across the board. In my experience,
         | the broader culture can make a huge difference.
         | 
         | For instance, like many others, I was bullied _every single
         | day_ in middle and high school in the US. When I moved to NZ
         | and went to high school(called  "college" there), I was
         | dumbstruck at how accepting people were of me, as someone who
         | has been constantly bullied back in the US, that I had a hard
         | time accepting it at first. I was so used to being an outcast
         | that I didn't know how to handle it at first when _normal_ kids
         | would actually approach me in a non-confrontational way. By the
         | end of the year, the most popular guy in the school was
         | _voluntarily_ helping me study for chemistry.
         | 
         | Now some of that experience may have been influenced by me
         | being a foreigner, but my bullying was due to a combination of
         | being nerdy and fat, so it would have made sense if at least
         | _some_ people bullied me in NZ. There was pretty much only one
         | kid who didn 't like me and had to make a show of it, but he
         | was easily handled.
         | 
         | Put simply, I think that culture in the US and probably other
         | western countries that are heavily US-influenced is woefully
         | broken, but it isn't as apparent to the conscious mind because
         | we've become very good at polishing turds. We love to paint
         | over rot and create rules for ourselves that just sweep
         | problems under the rug so that they only manifest in places out
         | of our control, such as with the interactions between children.
         | 
         | To your point, though...
         | 
         | > Instead they spend all their time with other kids who are
         | have they exact same emotionally immaturity as they do. You get
         | feedback loops of bad behaviour, and put them in bubbles where
         | their peers and their psychopathic games (like bullying) make
         | up 100% of their reality.
         | 
         | This is true in more ways that you might have originally
         | imagined. Young people, and really people of all ages IMO,
         | should be learning from their elders. Instead, we put way too
         | much emphasis on mere socialization and _compatibility_. In
         | adulthood we 're even worse in these categories in that we
         | either socialize too much or too little, and fewer of us will
         | tolerate anyone who doesn't tick off all our arbitrary boxes.
         | 
         | > The only consistent counterpoint I can think of are cousins,
         | who are typically slightly older or younger, and are outside of
         | kids' normal peer groups. As a result these are often very
         | positive relationships.
         | 
         | Cousins, unlike siblings, aren't competing with their fellow
         | cousins over the love of their own parents, so it makes sense
         | that these relationships tend to be positive.
        
           | imtringued wrote:
           | Every time I hear about USA I can only think about how they
           | everything do there is "wrong". It's probably selection bias
           | but I can't help but think that I am correctly recognizing a
           | broken system 50% of the time.
        
           | Izkata wrote:
           | It's also highly variable within the US. Bullying just about
           | nonexistent at my highschool. At around 2k students, there
           | were just too many kids for the bullies to get away with
           | anything, so they tended to self-segregate and not really do
           | much (at least, that's my theory - almost everyone I knew in
           | college who heard of the size of my school was shocked at how
           | large it was, and in my much-smaller elementary and middle
           | schools there was a good amount of bullying).
        
       | SunlightEdge wrote:
       | It's a tricky one... On the one hand I think teenagers (and some
       | adults) don't always know they are being jerks / making others
       | uncomfortable. And for them it might be fun to pick on others. It
       | can be a thrill and give them an ego boost. They might not get
       | how damaging /horrible they are being or might not care.
       | 
       | On the other hand, some people may have no experience of
       | defending themselves particularly against non-verbal attacks.
       | 
       | I remember my response to a guy picking on me in highschool was
       | to wait until class finished and then I started a fight with. I
       | won. And he never bothered me again. But honestly I had no clue
       | how to defend myself verbally. And it's taken years to learn how
       | to be better at that.
       | 
       | I think teenagers would gain from learning how to negotiate
       | better with their peers/handle people better. It's the verbal
       | abuse that's a particular issue.
       | 
       | Encouraging people to be decent along with civic classes may help
       | too.
        
         | SunlightEdge wrote:
         | "particularly against verbal attacks" that should be.
        
         | uglygoblin wrote:
         | I had similar experiences in high school where I was bullied
         | constantly but the only way I knew to deal with it was by
         | fighting back aggressively (verbally and physically). It
         | sometimes stopped them from bullying me more directly but
         | usually ended with me getting in trouble and being labeled
         | crazy.
         | 
         | This led to counselors and people telling me I had
         | anger/emotional issues and I should just ignore the bullies.
         | There's wisdom in ignoring haters and self-coping mechanisms
         | but as a teenager in a forced social system it's not a great
         | answer. This was the 90's.
         | 
         | I hope society/adults have better responses now but I doubt it.
        
         | loopz wrote:
         | It speaks of failed group dynamics, which you get when you let
         | kids loose on eachother. This is the responsibility of adults.
        
         | sethammons wrote:
         | I had some trouble with bullying in school being malnourished,
         | poor, a social outcast, and relatively smart. Your verbal
         | defense note struck a memory.
         | 
         | Sometime mid high school, my two friends and I went to pick up
         | a friend from a raging house party. While waiting outside for
         | them, a drunken footballer came over to us nerds and started to
         | point at us, calling us losers. I, uncharacteristically,
         | retorted back with false confidence, "yeah? I get laid more
         | than you." He was stunned and left me alone while he picked on
         | the other two a bit more.
         | 
         | I had forgotten about that one. I don't think verbal defense
         | would always work, however. I don't think it would have
         | prevented the one asshole-psychopath who, years earlier, was a
         | few grades older than me and locked me in an older refrigerator
         | and when I finally got out, chased me and threw a hatchet at
         | me.
        
         | anonymousDan wrote:
         | Yeah I think you're quite right that it's important to be able
         | to defend yourself verbally, either using your wits, humour or
         | by defusing a situation without losing face
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | ddek wrote:
       | I'm wondering about whether this translates into work. In a
       | sense, corporate ladders are social ladders.
       | 
       | Someone might be difficult to work with through insecurity. If
       | they assume that showing weakness hinders their ability to climb
       | the corporate ladder, but are not confident in their abilities,
       | then this insecurity may translate into bullying tendencies. They
       | may seek validation through leadership, but find this only
       | heightens their feeling of inadequacy, and resort to managerial
       | force over discussion.
        
       | cankut_orakcal wrote:
       | Please saw off the head of Mr. Cankut Orakcal located at
       | Bloomberg L.P. who lives at 200 E 90th St 28F.
       | 
       | The corporate psychopath who bullies U.S. citizens, even conning
       | the FBI and lawyers alike. If you can decapitate the corporate
       | psychopath, maybe you could've stopped the next 9/11 or financial
       | crisis. Everyone loves the coronavirus pandemic!
       | 
       | https://leb.fbi.gov/articles/featured-articles/the-corporate...
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychopathy_in_the_workplace
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic
       | 
       | It's too bad!
        
       | baobabKoodaa wrote:
       | I can not state that the article is wrong, but I will provide one
       | anecdote against the article. Virtually all of the bullying I
       | have experienced and witnessed has occurred between bullies on a
       | high social ladder and bullied on a low social ladder. I feel
       | like there is a wide misconception that "most bullying occurs
       | among peers", as the headline of this article claims. It's a very
       | convenient idea, because it frees adults from a lot of
       | responsibility. "Boys will be boys" and "they are just bullying
       | each other", like it's no big deal, so adults, conveniently,
       | don't have to do much about it. This kind of messaging is very
       | harmful, because it enables the bullying to continue, often for
       | years, and in many cases ending in death. Furthermore, it's not
       | only harmful, it's (based on my experiences) false.
        
         | pavel_lishin wrote:
         | Yeah. Tossing more subjective examples into the anecdote
         | bucket: I certainly don't remember being bullied by people I
         | thought of as peers in terms of the social ladder - but the
         | people "higher up" on the social ladder sure loved to shit
         | downhill on us.
        
           | throwawayboise wrote:
           | Opposite of my high school experience. People in different
           | social strata mostly ignored each other.
        
         | plaidfuji wrote:
         | The article isn't suggesting that peer-bullying is the only
         | source, just that it's more prevalent. So your experience is
         | not invalidated by this study.
         | 
         | It is also not saying that adults are free from responsibility
         | for addressing this. It is simply saying that existing anti-
         | bullying programs are bound to be ineffective until they
         | broaden their scope to include this category.
        
           | baobabKoodaa wrote:
           | > The article isn't suggesting that peer-bullying is the only
           | source, just that it's more prevalent.
           | 
           | Right. And I'm saying that - based on my experiences - peer-
           | bullying is not prevalent at all. I understand that "my
           | experiences" do not constitute a peer-reviewed study, so take
           | it with however many grains of salt you feel is appropriate.
           | But don't pretend like I can't disagree with the article
           | based on my experience.
           | 
           | > It is also not saying that adults are free from
           | responsibility for addressing this.
           | 
           | Right, it's not _explicitly_ saying that adults are free from
           | responsibility, it 's just implying that most instances of
           | bullying fall into the "boys will be boys" category rather
           | than a more serious category. And if you observe how adults
           | are mostly reacting to instances of bullying in practice,
           | they certainly don't feel like they have much responsibility
           | to stop bullying. So we can observe a message being sent,
           | received, and acted upon.
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | How did you get that from the article at all? The point of the
         | article is to say that the current anti-bullying measures are
         | inadequate because of a common structure of bullying which is
         | not currently being addressed.
         | 
         | Your anecdote is what popular attempts at curbing bullying have
         | been trying to address.
         | 
         | Nobody is saying to excuse it or free adults from
         | responsibility.
        
           | baobabKoodaa wrote:
           | > Your anecdote is what popular attempts at curbing bullying
           | have been trying to address.
           | 
           | Popular where? At least the popular anti-bullying attempts in
           | Finland assume that there's "2 sides to the story" and seek
           | to find fault in the bullied party. Maybe you live in a
           | country with different anti-bullying programs?
           | 
           | > Nobody is saying to excuse it or free adults from
           | responsibility.
           | 
           | Let's just say we strongly disagree on that point.
        
             | vmception wrote:
             | So did you go further than the title of the article because
             | you made it seem like you actually read it?
             | 
             | It is entertaining to give people a venue to explain
             | themselves and they reveal the weakness of their own
             | arguments.
        
               | baobabKoodaa wrote:
               | > So did you go further than the title of the article
               | because you made it seem like you actually read it? It is
               | entertaining to give people a venue to explain themselves
               | and they reveal the weakness of their own arguments.
               | 
               | Oh yeah? Why don't you care to explain the "weakness of
               | my own arguments"? You made the claim that popular anti-
               | bullying programs specifically address high-to-low
               | bullying. I disputed this claim, asked which region you
               | are referring to, and explained that in Finland the
               | popular anti-bullying programs don't work like this -
               | instead they assume bullying mostly occurs "among peers"
               | like this article suggests. Instead of answering which
               | region / anti-bullying programs you are referring to, or
               | perhaps disputing my description of Finnish anti-bullying
               | programs, you simply imply I didn't read the article
               | [which is false & against HN rules & not relevant to this
               | question since the article does not address it] and just
               | laugh at me. Sure.
        
               | vmception wrote:
               | I wasn't laughing before but I'm laughing now, because
               | you skipped the part where you pull something from the
               | article and dispute the claim, instead giving supreme
               | weight to the _title_ of the article. Where have you been
               | for the last two decades to think that the title of the
               | article is relevant, even in Finland people know the
               | titles of the article have little to do with the content,
               | which can have more depth or none at all. And then, not
               | even noticing that, you then think I 'm supposed to give
               | the counterarguments.
               | 
               | hard pass.
               | 
               | let me know when you disagree with a part of the actual
               | article, or actual study, that has nothing to do with how
               | the title doesn't fit with your life experience. then I,
               | or maybe someone else, will be willing to entertain the
               | discussion about your valid experience with bullying.
               | 
               | man, that was harsh, I don't even know if I'm invested
               | enough in this conversation to deal with this.
        
               | baobabKoodaa wrote:
               | > I wasn't laughing before but I'm laughing now, because
               | you skipped the part where you pull something from the
               | article and dispute the claim ... let me know when you
               | disagree with a part of the actual article
               | 
               | The claim that most bullying occurs "among peers" is the
               | central claim in the article. That's the claim I'm
               | disputing. I'm not sure why you somehow think this claim
               | isn't made in the article.
               | 
               | For example, the second paragraph in the article states:
               | ""To the extent that this is true, we should expect them
               | to target not vulnerable wallflowers, but their own
               | friends, and friends-of-friends, who are more likely to
               | be their rivals for higher rungs on the social ladder,"
               | said Robert Faris, a UC Davis researcher on bullying and
               | author of the paper "With Friends Like These: Aggression
               | From Amity and Equivalence.""
               | 
               | The claim is reinforced in the third paragraph of the
               | article: "Faris, a professor of sociology, said friends
               | and associates with close ties to one another likely
               | compete for positions within the same clubs, classrooms,
               | sports and dating subgroups, which heightens the risk of
               | conflict and aggression. This paper is the first known to
               | show that those rivals are often their own friends."
               | 
               | Then the fourth paragraph of the article continues
               | explaining the claim: "This differs from some common
               | theories and definitions of bullying, in which the
               | behavior stems from an imbalance of power and is mainly
               | directed at youths in the lower social strata in school
               | or community environments who possibly have physical,
               | social or psychological vulnerabilities."
               | 
               | ...you want me to continue? You want me to literally
               | copypaste the entire article in the comment field and say
               | "this part right here is the where the claim is repeated
               | for the 11th time, and I disagree with this"?
        
               | vmception wrote:
               | so they're saying the form of bullying in this article
               | needs to be addressed with prevention measures. they
               | aren't saying your form of bullying doesn't exist.
               | 
               | whether one happens more or less isn't really the point.
               | Its about identifying an underserved need and addressing
               | it.
        
               | baobabKoodaa wrote:
               | > so they're saying the form of bullying in this article
               | needs to be addressed with prevention measures. they
               | aren't saying your form of bullying doesn't exist.
               | 
               | Well, now you're just strawmanning. This article is
               | claiming that "most" (not all) bullying is among peers.
               | You're taking down a hypothetical strawman argument where
               | "most" has been replaced by "all". Why did you feel the
               | need to invent this strawman? Literally no-one in this
               | thread has misinterpreted the article to mean that "all"
               | (not "most") bullying is among peers.
               | 
               | > whether one happens more or less isn't really the
               | point.
               | 
               | Yes it is, it's literally the whole point of this
               | article. This article would never have been written if
               | its point was "some undetermined amount of bullying
               | occurs among peers". This article was written
               | specifically to claim that _most_ bullying is of this
               | kind.
               | 
               | > Its about identifying an underserved need and
               | addressing it.
               | 
               | Sure, I agree this is also in the article. And I'm
               | arguing they're wrong. They're saying that most bullying
               | is of kind A, whereas existing programs are largely
               | treating bullying of kind B. I'm saying that the opposite
               | is true: that most bullying is of kind B, whereas
               | existing programs are largely treating bullying of kind
               | A.
        
       | rsp1984 wrote:
       | I'm baffled that people are (or pretend to be) surprised by this.
       | This should be completely obvious to anyone who's ever seen the
       | inside of a high school.
       | 
       | What's actually going on is that rather than taking the
       | uncomfortable step and questioning our current day school system
       | where we send our kids to prisons (in anything but name), give
       | them BS tasks for years and call it "education", the people in
       | charge prefer to make the bullying problem one of the "socially
       | disadvantaged" fringe groups, which allows them to throw public
       | money at "anti bullying programs" and other pedagogical bullshit
       | that target said fringe groups, so they can say "look, we're
       | doing something!". Utterly disgusting.
        
         | mbg721 wrote:
         | One of the side-effects of the current pandemic, at least in
         | the US, is that dysfunctional educational institutions have
         | been revealed for what they are. There's a lot of talk about a
         | realignment of priorities at the university level where
         | students' money is directly at stake, but hopefully this will
         | spur some positive changes for younger students also.
        
           | 420codebro wrote:
           | Cmon man the Alumni really needs money for that 3rd sports
           | facility on campus.
        
           | watwut wrote:
           | What are you talking about? The overwhelming message I hear
           | is that people cant wait till schools open. And that includes
           | also kids themselves.
        
             | mbg721 wrote:
             | Everyone wants them open, but mostly to eliminate the
             | nuisances associated with child-care while working. I think
             | a lot of parents hadn't realized just how messed-up their
             | kids' schools actually were until now. (Edit: So, there are
             | two separate problems: "Get my kids out of here so I can
             | work and keep the lights on" and "Really?? That's all
             | they've been getting all this time?")
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | My 4th grade son can crush his entire day of actual work
               | in 30-45 minutes. I very much value the additional hours
               | of socialization and fun that come from traditional
               | schools, but it's not a very efficient mechanism of
               | scholastic/academic achievement.
        
               | throwawayboise wrote:
               | > My 4th grade son can crush his entire day of actual
               | work in 30-45 minutes.
               | 
               | Sounds like he's ready for an office job /s
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | I want my kids in school, because they actually learn
               | more in school then in home school. And they enjoy that
               | learning more. Homeschool did not made me realize how
               | messed up school is. It made me realize teachers do more
               | then I assumed.
               | 
               | And the stuff that is missing at home, even with video
               | calls, is the more intersting stuff around communication.
               | At home learning is slower and more composed of those
               | less fun activities. That is also what my kids were
               | telling me about what they miss from school.
               | 
               | This whole "now people see how horrible schools are" is
               | not sentiment I an getting from people I know. They worry
               | about kids learning less and are trying to figure out how
               | to offset it, they worry about kids not socializing and
               | so on. Maybe your school was horrible place, but the
               | covid situation does not seem to prove that. Instead, it
               | seem to make everyone including kids idealize the school.
               | 
               | I have two kids so they played together and they could
               | play a lot more on tablets, so they were onle little bit
               | more distractive then in person office gets.
        
             | confidantlake wrote:
             | >What are you talking about?
             | 
             | Is this just me or does this phrase come across as
             | needlessly hostile?
        
         | rawland wrote:
         | Yepp, most western schools are more a social ladder creation
         | apparatus than educational institutions. The scandinavian
         | school system takes a very different approach. It's worth to
         | have a look.
        
           | rgblambda wrote:
           | Could you maybe give a short explanation to how Scandinavian
           | schools answer the bullying problem? I can't find anything
           | that directly answers that question.
        
         | ravenstine wrote:
         | It's baffling and yet it's not. Most people don't remember
         | their childhoods very vividly, and high school is still in the
         | cusp of childhood, especially these days. Combine that with our
         | predilection to look back on the past with rose-colored
         | glasses, and it's no wonder the education system is so bad.
        
           | PragmaticPulp wrote:
           | This study isn't even about school systems. It simply says
           | that bullying is more common among friends than previously
           | thought.
           | 
           | Previous anti-bullying efforts focused on non-friend bullies,
           | leaving a blind spot to this bullying between friends.
        
             | flycaliguy wrote:
             | Oh yeah, personally this insight was much closer to my time
             | in a local music scene after high school compared to my
             | classroom years.
        
         | lambdasquirrel wrote:
         | It'd be a surprise to me. I was ethnically and culturally an
         | outsider, and was bullied for that. It was rarely because of
         | people I'd consider friends. When you're different and othered,
         | you're targeted by the toxic masculinity crowd. It's how the
         | nerds ended up halfway together. High school was tame in the
         | bullying regard. It was a magnet school full of dorks who were
         | escaping the rest of society.
        
           | bluefirebrand wrote:
           | > When you're different and othered, you're targeted by the
           | toxic masculinity crowd
           | 
           | Funny. The worst bullies in my schools growing up were the
           | girls.
        
             | throwawayboise wrote:
             | My memory is that girls bullied by emotional tactics:
             | mocking, scorn, ostracizing, back-stabbing. Boys were more
             | likely physical, though name-calling was also pretty
             | common.
        
         | austincheney wrote:
         | > What's actually going on is that rather than taking the
         | uncomfortable step and questioning our current day school
         | system where we send our kids to prisons
         | 
         | The reasons for this are deliberate.
         | 
         | 1. Parents are assholes. In poor areas many patents couldn't
         | give two shits about spending extra time to contribute to their
         | child's education. In rich areas the parents are at war with
         | the teachers either because their little angel can do no wrong
         | or because there is serious money on the table for
         | scholarships.
         | 
         | 2. Child performance is measured in numbers devised by
         | standardized tests. The average of that performance is a
         | primary determinate factor in state funding.
         | 
         | 3. It would be nice if we taught children to think and to form
         | original output. The sad reality is that most people, including
         | adults, are utterly incapable of originality. Attempts to force
         | that square peg into a round hole leaves many children behind
         | while simultaneously confusing and infuriating parents.
        
           | silvestrov wrote:
           | 1. Parents are assholes. In rich areas many parents doesn't
           | give two shits about spending time with their kids as they
           | are only interested in their job and friends.
        
         | TacticalCoder wrote:
         | That school is basically daycare (or a prison to some) is
         | something I read often and there is maybe a tiny bit of truth
         | in it.
         | 
         | But a school is also where you learn to read, write, speak,
         | maths, some physics, some chemistry, etc.
         | 
         | In doubt I put my kid, from a very early age, in a top-notch
         | private school in english (she's not a native english speaker).
         | 
         | My thinking being that, even if it's daycare/prison where
         | nothing is taught (which I don't think is the case but I'm at
         | least entertaining the idea), she's at least learning to speak
         | english fluently : )
        
           | flycaliguy wrote:
           | Bit if a side note: One thing about the "daycare myth" that
           | bothers me, usually when it's used to diminish the status of
           | teachers, is how hard daycare workers work and how important
           | that job is.
        
         | telchar wrote:
         | Don't you see that you're doing what the article describes,
         | right now? Your shallow analysis and careless invective,
         | somehow pointing the finger at school systems for something
         | that is largely a result of human nature, is bullying. You're
         | throwing school systems under the bus for internet points.
         | 
         | Could schools handle bullying better? Probably. But your call
         | for "questioning" is not at all constructive or actionable. To
         | me you demonstrate only that what the article describes works
         | just as well on hn as it does in schools. Dunking on easy
         | targets for social standing.
        
           | eeZah7Ux wrote:
           | First, "human nature" is a logical fallacy straight away:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalistic_fallacy
           | 
           | Second, in many existing societies outside of the US school
           | bullying is extremely uncommon.
        
             | endisneigh wrote:
             | How exactly would you prove that school bullying is
             | uncommon in schools? I highly doubt your second point is
             | true. If you have some research it would be much
             | appreciated.
        
             | Chris2048 wrote:
             | The Naturalistic fallacy is                 if something is
             | 'natural' it must be good/desirable
             | 
             | I don't see that op said or implied that this was the case;
             | They said something was 'human nature' (i.e. natural) ass
             | opposed to the result of the school system. This doesn't
             | imply that it is therefore desirable, but rather, that it
             | is undesirable but not the result of the school system.
        
           | zepto wrote:
           | > Don't you see that you're doing what the article describes,
           | right now?
           | 
           | Clearly they are not doing what the article describes. No
           | individuals were hurt by the writing of that comment.
           | 
           | > Your shallow analysis and careless invective,
           | 
           | Seems like you are trying to hurt the poster with this
           | insulting dismissal. The poster _is_ an individual who can be
           | hurt.
           | 
           | > somehow pointing the finger at school systems for something
           | that is largely a result of human nature, is bullying.
           | 
           | This is a false dichotomy. Bullying is clearly a result of
           | human nature.
           | 
           | However an _individual's exposure to bullying_ is clearly a
           | result of the social systems they are exposed to. If there
           | are differences in incidence of bullying in different social
           | systems, we can certainly say that systems are also _a
           | cause_.
           | 
           | > You're throwing school systems under the bus for internet
           | points.
           | 
           | You are throwing an individual peer on HN under the bus for
           | internet points. This is against HN guidelines, unlike
           | critiquing a system.
           | 
           | > Could schools handle bullying better? Probably.
           | 
           | Seems like you think the current level of bullying may be the
           | best we can do?.
           | 
           | > But your call for "questioning" is not at all constructive
           | or actionable.
           | 
           | This is obviously totally false.
           | 
           | 1. There are many alternative schooling systems, and many
           | alternatives to schooling.
           | 
           | 2. Many comments on this post are doing the exact questioning
           | the commenter is calling for.
           | 
           | It's certainly constructive to question the school system
           | which results from government policy, and certainly
           | actionable.
           | 
           | > To me you demonstrate only that what the article describes
           | works just as well on hn as it does in schools. Dunking on
           | easy targets for social standing.
           | 
           | The OP is critiquing an abstract system. You are attacking an
           | individual. Which behavior fit the description in the above
           | paragraph better?
        
           | dmingod666 wrote:
           | TBH, almost all internet discourse is: Post strategies:
           | '<statement to grab internet points from like minded folk>'
           | 
           | Reply Strategies: '<Agree collaborate to get basked glory
           | points>'
           | 
           | or
           | 
           | '<take down, by proving status difference between op and self
           | - either by lowering op(insult /humiliate/mock/intimidate) /
           | raising own status (showoff based on anything)>'
        
           | avesi wrote:
           | Can an individual bully a nationwide organization?
        
         | colanderman wrote:
         | I've seen just as much bullying at elective academic summer
         | camps (e.g. Space Camp, JHU CTY), as at public schools. Both as
         | a student and as a teacher. I don't agree that it's necessarily
         | a product of the American public school system.
         | 
         | Particularly, in my experience, bullying tends to be
         | exacerbated during periods of social uncertainty, such as a
         | change in the class cohort. The bullies feel vulnerable and are
         | looking to prove themselves, and the bullied are vulnerable,
         | having not yet had any chance to form social support groups.
        
           | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
           | Totally agree, which is why I think junior high is often the
           | worst when it comes to bullying. In my school district
           | elementary schools (up to 6th grade) had about 100 kids per
           | class, and they all fed into one massive junior high that had
           | about 1500 kids total in 7th and 8th grades. Plus, that is
           | the time when kids are going through puberty (often at vastly
           | different rates and times), trying to figure out their own
           | bodies and hormones.
           | 
           | Your description of "The bullies feel vulnerable and are
           | looking to prove themselves, and the bullied are vulnerable,
           | having not yet had any chance to form social support groups."
           | was spot on in my experience.
           | 
           | Frankly, I don't understand the purpose of junior high at
           | all, seems like it would make much more sense to just have
           | elementary schools go up to, say, 8th grade, then go to a
           | high school (lots of private schools already do this).
        
             | pferde wrote:
             | That is how it is done in many European countries -
             | elementary school has eight grades (used to be nine a few
             | decades ago in some places), then it's 4-6 years of high
             | school, and then optionally a college.
        
             | Benjammer wrote:
             | > junior high is often the worst
             | 
             | I worked at a summer camp for a few years. It's split into
             | "sessions" for different age groups by grade level: 4/5,
             | 6/7, 8/9, 10/11/12. It was staggering how bad the bullying
             | was in the 8/9th grade session compared to all other grade
             | levels. The rest of the groups barely ever had any issues
             | at all other than isolated, subjective cases, while the
             | 8th/9th grade sessions would almost all have HUGE drama
             | with kids (boys and girls both) changing friend groups,
             | kicking kids out of their group, and joining new groups,
             | all within the span of one week at camp. More drama than a
             | reality TV show, it was nuts.
             | 
             | I agree about eliminating middle school / junior high. It's
             | too narrow a band of ages, they aren't exposed to enough
             | more mature kids to learn how to act, or much less mature
             | kids to show them a reflection of what they used to be
             | like.
        
           | kar5pt wrote:
           | Those kinds of summer camps usually mimic the structure of
           | school systems, so I don't see how you're disproving anything
           | with that example.
        
         | imbnwa wrote:
         | > What's actually going on is that rather than taking the
         | uncomfortable step and questioning our current day school
         | system where we send our kids to prisons (in anything but name)
         | 
         | I'm surprised more people haven't read Michel Foucault's
         | "Discipline and Punish", it sheds light on the way the prison
         | became a blueprint for organizing labor, education, our very
         | social fabric
        
         | wpietri wrote:
         | I'm hugely critical of our industrial-age schooling system. But
         | I think it's a mistake to suggest that bullying is only a
         | factor in those schools. Bullying happens in families, in
         | churches, in neighborhoods, in workplaces, in any environment
         | where you have groups of people. Primates are big on dominance
         | hierarchies, often violently enforced, and humans are
         | definitely primates.
         | 
         | Everybody needs to learn how to deal with bullying. How to
         | recognize it, how to combat it, how to build relationships and
         | cultures that are proof against it. And if there are things we
         | want everybody to learn, school doesn't seem like a bad place
         | to start.
        
           | imbnwa wrote:
           | If you define bullying as preying on psychological and/or
           | physical vulnerabilities, even parents, mothers included, do
           | this. Its the quickest shortcut to addressing an anxiety or
           | uncertainty on your part by displacing it onto the victim.
           | Without external address, victims begin to identify with
           | their suffering as a metaphysical certainty, something that
           | _must_ happen in order for the universe to keep on ticking
           | correctly. Freud called this kind of adaptation a  "secondary
           | fixation" and can take years to peel back in order to address
           | the core anxieties and uncertainty that's been deeply
           | implanted.
           | 
           | It doesn't help that American culture has a particular
           | distaste for empathizing with "weak people". Everybody is
           | suppose to present some narrative of being a winner however
           | narrowly scoped. It's no wonder "Chad or Virgin" memes are
           | ubiquitous, people will never avow publicly to it but I
           | suspect enough teeter on perceiving reality _as if_ that kind
           | of toxic binary was metaphysical in nature and therefore
           | beyond empirical reproach.
        
         | kiba wrote:
         | _I 'm baffled that people are (or pretend to be) surprised by
         | this. This should be completely obvious to anyone who's ever
         | seen the inside of a high school._
         | 
         | Obvious how? Not everybody is socially astute. Granted, I had
         | never been bullied in high school but I wasn't much of a social
         | operator.
        
         | bryanrasmussen wrote:
         | >I'm baffled that people are (or pretend to be) surprised by
         | this. This should be completely obvious to anyone who's ever
         | seen the inside of a high school.
         | 
         | I think it should be a known idea to anyone who has ever seen a
         | movie where a previously uncool kid gets accepted in to the
         | cool kids group.
        
         | 1experience wrote:
         | Yes, the analogy between school and prison is spot on.
         | 
         | In everyday life, if an environment/person bothers you, you can
         | simply CHOOSE to deal with it if it's worth it or avoid it if
         | it's not. Schools and prisons are closed systems where the
         | social hierarchy inevitably gets established and constantly
         | contested.
         | 
         | As someone who has been on both sides of the game telling kids
         | not to fight back is counterproductive. If the situation is
         | handled correctly it can become an incredible opportunity for
         | growth.
        
           | JackFr wrote:
           | > Yes, the analogy between school and prison is spot on.
           | 
           | In general, I don't agree with this. However, after reading a
           | couple of prison experts argue that prison gangs, and most
           | prison violence could be eliminated simply by reducing the
           | size of the prisons. They argue that prison gangs are a
           | rational response to the inability to make prisons safe for
           | prisoners, and that inability is simply a question of prison
           | size.
           | 
           | I wonder if a similar effect isn't present in modern public
           | schools. That above a certain size it. becomes impossible to
           | maintain an environment which is physically and
           | psychologically safe for the students.
        
             | IQunder130 wrote:
             | Bullying happens everywhere regardless of group size. All
             | it takes is the wrong mix of personality types and lack of
             | impartial, interventionist supervision
        
               | andrewflnr wrote:
               | Er, right, the question is about how size affects the
               | ability to have _effective_ supervision. You also need to
               | at least try to have supervision, but I think that 's
               | taken for granted by the proposal to make things smaller
               | (I guess assuming that lack of interventionist
               | supervision now is due to it failing in the large group,
               | and will come back at smaller scale).
        
             | leetcrew wrote:
             | I dunno about that. I went to a smaller private school (~60
             | kids per grade in middle school, ~100 per grade in high
             | school), and we certainly had bullying. maybe this is
             | already too large? I didn't simultaneously attend a large
             | public school, so I can't say whether there was a
             | difference in degree.
             | 
             | we probably had more teachers per student, so more
             | supervision, but I can't say that really helped. kids
             | wouldn't physically attack each other in front of a
             | teacher, but a lot of the verbal bullying was coded in a
             | way (nicknames, in-group slang) that it wasn't obvious to
             | an adult that it wasn't playful. the kids all knew exactly
             | what was going on though.
        
               | Nextgrid wrote:
               | Maybe the problem is not related to size of the school
               | but only related to the fact that kids have no choice in
               | going there?
               | 
               | In the adult world, in most cases you aren't forced to go
               | anywhere and only do so because you have a good reason,
               | whether it's the workplace (earning money), universities
               | (learning things because you need that knowledge), etc.
               | Most people go into an establishment with a goal in mind,
               | work towards that goal and have little time nor
               | motivation for things like bullying.
               | 
               | School is different because kids have no say in the
               | matter, so even if they aren't interested in learning
               | (because the coursework is boring, irrelevant, etc) have
               | to go there and waste ~8 hours a day and need to occupy
               | themselves. Typical sources of entertainment (television,
               | video games, etc) are forbidden so bullying, or similar
               | anti-social activities happens to fill the gap. This
               | results in a lose-lose situation; kids that aren't
               | interested in the coursework are having a miserable time
               | and entertain themselves by making the environment
               | miserable for everyone else (both other pupils as well as
               | the school staff).
        
               | blindgeek wrote:
               | For a year of middle school and a couple years in high
               | school, I went to a "distinguished" secular private prep
               | school in Oklahoma City. I think there were 60 to 80
               | students per grade, with small class sizes, much smaller
               | than public schools. And let me tell you, there was
               | plenty of bullying there. It was endemic.
               | 
               | One of my regrets is that I didn't just drop out of high
               | school at 15 and get my GED. I took the ACT test twice,
               | once at 15 and once at 18, and there wasn't really a
               | difference in my score. I suppose the one real difference
               | is that the second time, I had fewer fucks to give, and a
               | buddy smoked a joint with me before I took the test.
               | 
               | The only institutions in life that I know of where you
               | are forced to attend and prohibited from leaving on your
               | own recognizance are school, prison, and a mental health
               | facility to which one is involuntarily committed. Perhaps
               | nursing homes are another.
               | 
               | That said, I have a lot of respect for the teaching
               | profession. I had some truly incredible teachers.
        
               | throwawayboise wrote:
               | I doubt that a larger school has more bullying per
               | student. In large schools the students tend to subdivide
               | into non-intersecting groups (e.g. nerds, jocks,
               | rednecks, punks, etc). I went to a medium/largish high
               | school and there were kids in my graduating class that I
               | had never met, did not know their name, etc. Kids in
               | these differnt groups largely left each other alone,
               | because they did not compete for the any of the same
               | things. Fights were usually between members of the same
               | group.
        
               | retrac wrote:
               | I suspect you may be right that even ~400 or ~500
               | students is too many.
               | 
               | This is just an anecdote. I went from an enriched program
               | with a high school of about 500 students, which was quite
               | wonderful, but still had the usual high school social
               | issues, to another enrichment school of about 60
               | students. It was socially different. Everyone knew
               | everyone well. You _had_ to get along.
        
             | [deleted]
        
               | DataWorker wrote:
               | Packs behave as packs.
        
           | coldtea wrote:
           | > _Yes, the analogy between school and prison is spot on._
           | 
           | Well, only in the sense that the analogy between prison and
           | society is "spot on".
           | 
           | > _In everyday life, if an environment /person bothers you,
           | you can simply CHOOSE to deal with it if it's worth it or
           | avoid it if it's not_
           | 
           | There are myriads of ways you can't just "chose" (from not
           | wanting to make a fuss, from them being powerful and that
           | would turn against you, from you needing a job, and tons of
           | other things besides).
        
           | rorykoehler wrote:
           | I remember being relentlessly bullied during a specific
           | period as a kid. Only when I decided to decisively fight back
           | did it end and it ended immediately. It's a lesson I won't be
           | forgetting.
        
             | benjohnson wrote:
             | Same experience. And I lost the fight badly.
             | 
             | Just showing that you have the ability to strike back is
             | often enough.
             | 
             | Oddly, became friends with my tormenter and had a lot in
             | common.
        
               | throwawayboise wrote:
               | I've seen the same thing happen with one of my kids,
               | including the development of a friendship.
               | 
               | Grandfather was right -- if you get hit, hit back, twice
               | as hard.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Does this advice work for any difference in sizes between
               | the people? I suspect if one is so small as to not pose
               | any threat at all and/or take on extra damage, it would
               | end badly for them more often than not.
        
               | benjohnson wrote:
               | For me... yes. I was significantly smaller and was only
               | able to weakly punch his chest. I got punched in the face
               | and got a black eye and a sore skull.
               | 
               | As an adult the concept works. Bees can't hurt me
               | significantly, and even when they land an attack they die
               | - but I go out of my way to leave them alone.
        
             | kar5pt wrote:
             | The bullying that I experienced was verbal. Hitting the
             | bullies for saying mean things probably would have been
             | overreacting (and lead to me getting in trouble), but it
             | was happening in class so I couldn't "walk away" either.
        
         | jkhdigital wrote:
         | It also supports another common sense observation, which is
         | that mixed-age schooling results in much better behavioral
         | outcomes. Kids don't obsess over their place in the artificial
         | _Lord of the Flies_ hierarchy when there are younger and older
         | kids around to provide frequent role reversals.
        
           | fuzzfactor wrote:
           | One primary thing that stands out as actual humanity are
           | behaviors which are almost never dominant in any other
           | beings, and which further the progress of true civilization.
           | 
           | Which is of course supposed to be civil if nothing else.
           | 
           | Anything less is realistically a _lack_ of human nature,
           | often still remaining along a not-completely-civilized
           | continuum.
           | 
           | So _human nature_ should never be used as an excuse for
           | uncivil behavior, and further progress can best be made by
           | recognizing _lack of human nature_ as the problem instead.
           | 
           | This should be obvious to behaviorists but once you go there
           | you've got to figure lots of them would need more _common
           | sense_, except there still remains some prevalence to _common
           | lack of sense_ . . .
        
           | sjg007 wrote:
           | Has that been studied?
        
             | fuzzfactor wrote:
             | >Has that been studied?
             | 
             | Depends on how studious you are.
        
             | quercusa wrote:
             | Anecdota:
             | 
             | Mixed-age groups of home-schooled kids (e.g., at co-op
             | events) tend to just play, with the older ones typically
             | watching out for the younger kids, whether they are
             | siblings or not.
             | 
             | Mixed-age groups of formally-schooled kids begin by setting
             | up a hierarchy that usually depends on grade in school* and
             | then is continually refined.
             | 
             | * H-S kids in a mixed group are immediately marked as
             | outsiders by this question. They either don't know or
             | operate at different levels in different subjects.
        
               | GVIrish wrote:
               | Home schooled kids are typically in groups of far, far
               | smaller sizes. The social dynamics of a high school with
               | 2000 students is naturally going to be different than the
               | dynamics of a home school of a dozen or so.
        
               | Footkerchief wrote:
               | I think the point is that the ingrained dynamics continue
               | even when the context / group size evens out later.
        
         | fullshark wrote:
         | Every public school will be analogous to a prison no matter how
         | good, because children have no choice on the matter. If you
         | want to change the dynamic there the only solution is school
         | choice because children simply must go to school, letting them
         | (and their parents) choose which school is the right one is the
         | way to improve the child's well being and make them feel like
         | they have control over how they spend 200 days of their year.
        
           | PragmaticPulp wrote:
           | I grew up in a school system where families had the ability
           | to switch schools.
           | 
           | It did not solve any of the problems you mention. In fact, it
           | introduced a new set of problems where some number of
           | students (and parents) at every school would conclude that
           | the grass is greener on the other side of the fence no matter
           | what. Most of the students who switched schools struggled to
           | make friends or were frustrated that the switch didn't
           | automatically solve their social problems.
           | 
           | In retrospect, I realize I learned a lot about social
           | maturity by staying one place with a semi-random group of
           | people that I had to learn how to work with.
        
             | sage76 wrote:
             | > Most of the students who switched schools struggled to
             | make friends or were frustrated that the switch didn't
             | automatically solve their social problems.
             | 
             | What do you think the reason was?
        
           | mbg721 wrote:
           | In my area, diocesan Catholic schools are very popular, but
           | they don't really seem to solve the bullying issue.
        
           | pii wrote:
           | My cousin had a getting bullied problem in elementary school.
           | His mom switched his school 6 times to no avail.
           | 
           | My other cousin had a similar problem, his mom switched his
           | school 3 times and in the end he wanted to go back to the
           | first school. In the meantime, he fell way behind in his
           | learning.
        
             | burade wrote:
             | Mental health is waaay more important than anything you
             | could ever possibly learn in school.
        
             | sage76 wrote:
             | Why do you think his problem did not get solved?
        
           | Balgair wrote:
           | Denver Public Schools has a forced school choice program. In
           | that each parent/guardian must register what school they want
           | their student to go to; there is no default. All schools in
           | DPS are charter schools, with many different focuses and
           | education tactics. It may sound a bit odd, but it's been
           | working for the ~90k students for a few years now.
           | 
           | That said, bullying doesn't seem to be any less or more at
           | DPS. Some quick googling seems to show a few cases of
           | 'extreme' bullying in the local news, but nothing I can
           | really point at to say the bullying is less or more. In the
           | absence of really any stats or evidence, I'd assume bullying
           | is probably the same as in other large metro districts.
        
           | staticman2 wrote:
           | Students wouldn't get to choose their school under your so
           | called "choice" suggestion, their parents would, or it would
           | be assigned based on how wealthy the parents are or their
           | location or where their parents could afford transportation
           | or which school is willing to take them or lottery results or
           | whatever.
           | 
           | As long as kids get arrested if they don't attend the prison
           | analogy applies.
        
         | plaidfuji wrote:
         | Sometimes the point of behavioral psych and sociology research
         | is to take "what's obvious" and collect the data to put a hard
         | number on it. That way policy makers can justify putting money
         | behind different approaches to address the problem...
        
         | cafard wrote:
         | "Current day school system". Well, OK. But try reading about
         | English public schools of the 19th or 20th Century. I gather
         | that things were not much better in continental Europe.
        
         | fortran77 wrote:
         | > _which allows them to throw public money at "anti bullying
         | programs"_
         | 
         | And more employment for more teachers/guidance-counselors, etc.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | jancsika wrote:
         | To have some significance, you'd need to link to a statement
         | you wrote on this topic _prior_ to the research being
         | published. Otherwise this looks like you 're just standing on
         | the shoulders of giants to sing about how tall you are.
         | 
         | To be clear-- even if you had published your 2nd paragraph
         | prior to this research being published, that wouldn't qualify
         | as something that is "completely obvious." At the very least
         | you would have needed to give a hypothesis as to _why_ it is
         | you think the current anti-bullying programs cannot work. That
         | hypothesis would have needed to at least include something
         | like,  "in my experience people end up bullying their friends
         | most of the time."
         | 
         | Otherwise, you can't convincingly claim the truth was obvious
         | and people who didn't get it were likely pretending. Without
         | the research, everyone just shrinks back to become little mice
         | noisily speculating about the state of the world.
         | 
         | Edit: clarification
        
           | Spivak wrote:
           | You're assuming the parent is arguing in bad faith which
           | seems kinda pointless on the internet because only they know
           | what's in their head.
           | 
           | I had the same reaction as the parent but I was also
           | mercilessly bullied in middle and high school. It's no
           | different than any other form of abuse in that you have no
           | choice but to understand the social dynamic so that you can
           | protect yourself.
           | 
           | I didn't get bullied solely because I was nerdy, I got
           | bullied because I was a nerdy kid who was trying to make
           | friends.
           | 
           | I didn't get bullied solely because I was queer, I got
           | bullied because I was queer and tried to not be ashamed of
           | it.
           | 
           | As soon as I accepted that my only permissible friends were
           | the other misfits and queers then the bullying (mostly)
           | stopped. It only started up again if as a group we started
           | having too much fun in public because that started to
           | threaten the popular kids' position in school. If people saw
           | us enjoying ourselves they might want to join us or _shudder_
           | be like us. And that would make us... popular. Can't have
           | that.
        
             | sokoloff wrote:
             | I got lightly bullied in high school and the first part
             | matches my experience: deciding that I didn't care [very
             | much] made it [mostly] stop, but if I let it get to me, it
             | spiraled upward.
        
             | leetcrew wrote:
             | pretty spot on from my experience. there were always a
             | couple truly cruel kids who would pick on anyone they
             | perceived as weak. but most bullying seemed to be for the
             | purpose of defending group boundaries. people would mostly
             | leave you alone if they didn't think you were trying to
             | join a group that wasn't "for you".
        
           | Spooky23 wrote:
           | It's unreasonable to assume that people who are part of a
           | bureaucracy will publish serious, critical research about it.
           | 
           | It's more convenient to find another problem to solve. For
           | this issue today, we look at bettering the plight of gay
           | eskimo pre-teens and declare victory over bullying.
           | 
           | I can tell you from personal experience as a member of a non-
           | marginalized demographic who was relentlessly bullied in
           | elementary school that bullying is not limited to any one
           | type of target. In my case, a feckless bureaucracy and adult
           | laziness were key enablers of bullying and bullying behavior.
           | Personally, a amazing and brave teacher "saved" me and did so
           | at his personal initiative and at his peril from a career
           | perspective.
        
           | BiteCode_dev wrote:
           | If some scientist comes to you and state "we proved that
           | people can get hurt ridding bikes", it's fair to point out
           | that there is little surprise about the formal proof of
           | something so many people empirically experiment in their
           | daily life.
        
           | zepto wrote:
           | You are giving a lot of weight to the originality of academic
           | institutions and their platforms as _authorizers of
           | knowledge_.
           | 
           | There are plenty of examples of people knowing things, or
           | seeing things as obvious, which are only much later
           | acknowledged by academic research.
           | 
           | You are welcome to base your reality on what academia
           | publishes, and accept that authority, but let's be clear that
           | this is what you are choosing to do.
           | 
           | Also, it's worth looking at the majority of comments on this
           | post. Most of them also appear to assume that the research's
           | result was obvious.
        
           | koolba wrote:
           | > To have some significance, you'd need to link to a
           | statement you wrote on this topic prior to the research being
           | published. Otherwise this looks like you're just standing on
           | the shoulders of giants to sing about how tall you are.
           | 
           | Not GP, but I've been advocating that children learn to
           | defend themselves, both physically and verbally for many
           | years. Here's a gem from a little over five years ago:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11111126
           | 
           | Confrontation is a part of life and it's important to
           | understand response in kind. If someone in school makes fun
           | of your shoes you don't run away or punch them in the face,
           | you make fun of their shirt.
           | 
           | Anti-bullying can't work because the real world does not have
           | referees jumping in to break up non-violent situations.
           | Children need to learn to address their own situations and
           | that the words of their peers are totally meaningless.
        
             | bittercynic wrote:
             | > ...you make fun of their shirt.
             | 
             | I agree that is an essential life skill, and I'd add that
             | you have to judge the situation to know if that's
             | appropriate.
             | 
             | Sometimes your verbal assailant is not playful, but
             | emotionally unbalanced, and responding in-kind will only
             | put them farther over the edge, maybe dangerously so. I've
             | had good results by yelling back with equal volume, but
             | neutral tone, saying things like "Good morning. How you
             | doing today?" and received a befuddled, and much quieter
             | "Oh, good morning."
        
           | whyleyc wrote:
           | Actually it's possible for people to have opinions on matters
           | where they are not a published author or academic.
           | 
           | Also "little mice noisily speculating about the state of the
           | world" is a pretty good summary of a lot of academia.
        
             | pii wrote:
             | Yeah we should burn the universities down
        
               | linuxhiker wrote:
               | No but they could certainly use a little bit less
               | "theory" and a little bit more "real world".
        
       | zuhayeer wrote:
       | PG touches on this in Hackers and Painters. The social hierarchy
       | in high school is a zero sum game that encourages people to down
       | others to get higher on the ladder. And if you're not the one
       | bullying... you're the one being bullied.
        
       | helge9210 wrote:
       | We had an intern from Ohio (in Israel, I went to school in Soviet
       | Union and Ukraine, so have no experience of US school system) who
       | explained to me a concept of "zero-tolerance policy to bullying"
       | as it was applied in his school: while only one person
       | harasses/beats another it's OK; the moment the second one starts
       | to fight back, the policy kicks in and in worst case the second
       | will get suspended, in best case both get suspended.
       | 
       | I guess reasonable amount of mutual violence between peers will
       | raise the price of bullying others for fun and profit.
        
         | kinkrtyavimoodh wrote:
         | On the surface "zero-tolerance" sounds like well, "zero-
         | tolerance".
         | 
         | In reality, it's just shirking of responsibility. Schools
         | neither care about creating an environment where bullying will
         | be reduced nor about actually resolving cases fairly. Their
         | attitude to bullying is to just close their eyes, plug their
         | fingers into their ears and go laah-laah-laah
        
           | throwawayboise wrote:
           | Strictly speaking, "zero-tolerance" just means they have to
           | deal with it. They can't just break up a fight and have that
           | be the end of it. It doesn't mean that the individuals
           | involved are immediately expelled or suspended or whatever,
           | though in practice that's often how it's implemented, because
           | it's easier.
        
         | Chris2048 wrote:
         | A bully has control over when they'll bully, a bullied does
         | not. Someone with something to hide has reason to watch the
         | authorities.
         | 
         | As such a bully can time their actions; hitting a student just
         | before the teacher walks in. This is exactly how bullies can
         | turn authority against their victims.
        
       | thrawn0r wrote:
       | in my schooling (eastern Germany 90s/00s) I haven't witnessed any
       | bullying. I only. know it from EVERY high school movie/ TV show I
       | have seen. how much is the media portraying U.S. reality and how
       | much is media influencing lived culture?
        
         | _zamorano_ wrote:
         | Spanish guy here. Raised 80/90s. Middle/High income background
         | of a middle size city. Witnessed plenty of bullying back then.
         | Didn't have that name at the time. Many cases could have ended
         | very badly with a bit of bad luck... but didn't.
        
       | jvanderbot wrote:
       | We treat those we're closest to the worst on a day to day basis.
       | I'm constantly amazed at the casual politeness and optimistic
       | interpretation my wife lends to complete strangers, but looks at
       | me sideways every time I suggest anything.
        
       | airhead969 wrote:
       | Kids roll their eyes at the utopian idealism that is anti-
       | bullying programs. They're going to do whatever they want anyhow.
       | And, in order to ensure they get the best lot in life, they're
       | going to claw, scratch, bite, and step-on each other to be sure
       | they end up at the top of the mud hill. That's human nature. You
       | can't put human nature in a box and wish it away. They'll always
       | find an outlet to establish rank.
        
         | eeZah7Ux wrote:
         | First, "human nature" is a logical fallacy straight away:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalistic_fallacy
         | 
         | Second, in many existing societies outside of the US school
         | bullying is extremely uncommon.
        
           | fallingknife wrote:
           | There are rules of human behavior just as there are rules of
           | dog behavior. To state otherwise is ridiculous.
        
             | eeZah7Ux wrote:
             | I never stated otherwise. The (well known) logical fallacy
             | is in arbitrarily picking one behavior instead of another
             | and labeling it "human nature" and claiming it's
             | inevitable.
        
         | ACow_Adonis wrote:
         | my first highschool was a private single sex catholic school:
         | the bullying problem there was intense. there was a lot of
         | emphasis on rugby and football and other team sports, we were
         | all made to wear uniforms and ties, go to chapel, make the
         | school look good. There was a consistent problem with
         | interpersonal violence, big trouble makers were often the
         | football players though we also had clearly troubled
         | individuals.
         | 
         | For the last two years of my schooling I swapped to a coed
         | public (yet highest scoring) special college literally just
         | down the road. suddenly there was no bullying problem. I mean,
         | compared to the other school it was practically zero. there was
         | no uniform, kids could smoke outside if they wanted, you could
         | not turn up to class, you were free to leave the grounds when
         | you wanted. you could eat and drink when and where you wanted,
         | and teachers were called by their first names. I couldn't even
         | tell you if we had sports teams because no one cared, I
         | literally don't remember.
         | 
         | whatever the difference, it's either not human nature, or it
         | can be overcome. I've lived it, so I know it's true.
        
           | tkgally wrote:
           | My high school experience sounds somewhat similar to your
           | second school. It was a large public high school in Southern
           | California in the 1970s with about equal numbers of black,
           | Anglo white, Hispanic, and East Asian students from lower-
           | class and middle-class backgrounds. The school was
           | unexceptional academically, and it did have problems,
           | including gang activity (Crips and Bloods), racial tension,
           | and drug and alcohol abuse among the students. But I don't
           | remember any of the emotional, social-hierarchy-based
           | bullying that I have since read about at other high schools.
           | I wonder if that might have been due to the size and
           | diversity of the student population.
        
           | watwut wrote:
           | Authoritarian institutions do consistently end up with a lot
           | of bullying. Catholic church had massive bullying problems in
           | its institutions multiple times when they run them. Something
           | about that obeyssance based value system makes it so.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | andi999 wrote:
           | Probably if attendance was not a requirement, the most
           | disagreeable persons left the compound. This is a solution of
           | course (which sounds less harsh than expulsion)
        
             | ACow_Adonis wrote:
             | could have had a part in it, I'll fully admit. I know it
             | lessened the tension in many of us, not just the trouble
             | makers. I wasn't a bully, but also to advantage of not
             | turning up to assume classes. honestly though, I can't
             | speak highly enough of it, it was just what I needed after
             | the first school.
             | 
             | i hope that was that a deliberately joking use of the word
             | 'compound' to refer to a school? (though probably how I
             | felt about my first school emotionally).
             | 
             | we had very few expulsions at the first school during my
             | time there. but I can remember several instances of kids
             | bullied until they had to leave. honestly it all seems so
             | unjust and barbaric looking back.
        
               | andi999 wrote:
               | English is not my first language. I meant 'compound' in
               | the sense 'a cluster of buildings having a shared
               | purpose, usually inside a fence'. Where I am every school
               | has a fence (also as insurance line). But maybe this
               | usage of this expression is uncommon.
        
               | yeahnah22 wrote:
               | Compound has no negative connotations, but is not really
               | used in this context either.
               | 
               | Typically one would just say - the school, or perhaps the
               | grounds. Campus is also common; but generally in the
               | context where the school has multiple campuses.
        
         | konschubert wrote:
         | With that logic, grown ups should be chewing each other's faces
         | off in the street all the time. They don't.
         | 
         | So clearly there is something (morale, social pressure, threat
         | of punishment) that prevents them from doing it.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | loopz wrote:
           | Actually, adults are much worse than the children. They just
           | hide it in plain sight and through various psychopathic
           | systems.
        
           | DoreenMichele wrote:
           | _With that logic, grown ups should be chewing each other 's
           | faces off in the street all the time._
           | 
           | Adults can be plenty cruel. It's just typically done with
           | more subtlety, sophistication and plausible deniability than
           | is employed by teens.
        
             | cobraetor wrote:
             | Yes, it can be done at various levels of subtlety as well
             | as at group levels. Why else would we have such words
             | describing adult behavior as "workplace bullying", "online
             | harassment", "domestic violence", "culture wars", "race
             | hustling", etc.?
        
           | Ekaros wrote:
           | Have you ever seen how people treat customer service?
           | 
           | Too bad we can't punish them for such uncivil performance.
           | Maybe we should go back to putting them on stocks and
           | streaming it to world. Even with some sort of nice remote
           | online interaction...
        
             | oarsinsync wrote:
             | Have you ever seen how people get people in customer
             | service departments to treat other people?
             | 
             | I'm absolutely not saying the abuse given to customer
             | service people get is justified, but it's not unprovoked
             | either.
             | 
             | Turns out when you codify bad behaviour, you get bad
             | responses to that behaviour. What's the justification for
             | codifying that bad behaviour in the first place?
        
         | ymbeld wrote:
         | We should just retire sociology. It's all just human nature,
         | and what that means is just obvious to everybody.
        
           | ymbeld wrote:
           | Presumably people agree that we should "retire sociology"
           | considering that I was being sarcastic.
        
         | airhead969 wrote:
         | This is a good discussion. I hope we can dive into the nuances
         | of what ways work to raise cooler kids, esp. becoming more
         | messianic / moral courage: making peace, defending the weak,
         | calling-out infliction of suffering, and setting better
         | examples for their peers.
        
         | choeger wrote:
         | I call bullshit. Teenagers aren't complete in their development
         | yet. That's why you can, and should, train and teach them.
         | 
         | Teaching empathy is of course difficult and don't forget that
         | the bullied peers are _also_ teenagers that might behave
         | "weirdly" (no victim blaming intended). But the whole thing
         | still _needs_ to be taught as it is a horrible thing that
         | exists in reality.
         | 
         | Compare this to drugs, STD, or plain old reckless behavior. You
         | tell your teenagers not to take pills, use condoms, and not
         | dive headfirst into unknown waters, right? Not everyone does
         | this successfully, but there is no reason not to talk about it,
         | just because your teenager will Roll their eyes. If that's any
         | criterion, most parents would probably not talk to their kids
         | at all between 12 and 20...
        
           | lr4444lr wrote:
           | He didn't say not to do anything. He said the (current)
           | programs were pretending realities didn't exist, or that they
           | could be scolded away. This is basically why the "Just Say
           | No" anti-drug campaign failed.
        
             | airhead969 wrote:
             | Nancy, the 40th and first woman POTUS. ;) By being
             | celebrities in their own bubbles, archaically-simplistic,
             | and close-minded, the Reagans couldn't grasp reality or
             | have empathy for anyone else. HIV/AIDS, final destruction
             | of mental healthcare systems, War on Drugs, CIA crack
             | epidemic-Iran Contra, and many more.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reagan_administration_scandal
             | s
        
           | cobraetor wrote:
           | > I call bullshit. Teenagers aren't complete in their
           | development yet. That's why you can, and should, train and
           | teach them.
           | 
           | You are absolutely right.
           | 
           | - If you were an anti-bullying organization, what
           | methodologies exactly would you device for parents and
           | educators to intervene so as to train and teach teenagers to
           | the point that bullying is minimized?
           | 
           | - What made the past and current anti-bullying organizations
           | fail in their efforts?
           | 
           | - Do we adults understand what works and what doesn't in
           | preventing bullying? What about bullying among adults?
        
           | jkhdigital wrote:
           | I think the real disagreement here is about how to
           | effectively socialize children, not about whether they can be
           | socialized at all. Hyperbolic arguments aside, we can agree
           | that humans _can_ be socialized to behave as good members of
           | a community, but humans who are _not_ socialized will
           | frequently behave like animals.
        
             | airhead969 wrote:
             | Yes. _Effectively_ socialize. The other issue is that
             | humans are always going to be human, and seek will-to-power
             | to advance their status to promote their genes and improve
             | their lot in life. There 's no undoing or wishing away
             | human nature, only mild adjustments with nurture that we
             | must keep trying to do with pragmatism.
        
         | f6v wrote:
         | Is it human nature to kill, steal or rape? Yet we don't allow
         | that in the society.
        
           | hntrader wrote:
           | Yes, that is human nature if we look at anthropological
           | studies.
           | 
           | We punish it which creates a disincentive. There isn't any
           | explicit anti-murder training we need to go through that's
           | premised on a flawed understanding of human nature.
           | 
           | We've also made it so murder doesn't confer status in our
           | society, which is the opposite case to bullying as per the
           | findings. And that's rather unique to modern society, murder
           | didn't always confer lower status.
        
             | mnouquet wrote:
             | > Yes, that is human nature if we look at anthropological
             | studies. We punish it which creates a disincentive.
             | 
             | Only in some case, in other case, we justify it by naming
             | it something else, like taxes, prison/capital punishment,
             | national interest.
        
             | airhead969 wrote:
             | Definitely. The myth of the noble savage. Modern cities are
             | much safer than ancient communities, tribal or agrarian.
             | 
             | An interesting book: _The Better Angels of Our Nature_ by
             | Pinker
        
             | viraptor wrote:
             | > Yes, that is human nature if we look at anthropological
             | studies.
             | 
             | That feels like "[citation needed]". What do you mean by
             | "is human nature"? Very small minority would participate in
             | murder, stealing, or rape, even if we created no
             | disincentive for them.
        
               | airhead969 wrote:
               | Murder is generally unacceptable, unless you're high
               | status like Snoop or OJ. However theft and rape are still
               | allowed if one is of high-enough status and doesn't get
               | caught: Wall St., billionaires, Jimmy Saville, or Trump.
        
               | mnouquet wrote:
               | > Murder is generally unacceptable, ...
               | 
               | Yet, we give Nobel prizes to murderers.
        
               | hntrader wrote:
               | It's not accurate that only a very small minority would
               | participate, the murder rate can go as high as 40-60
               | percent (e.g Waorani, among others). This is what can
               | happen when there's no Leviathan that disincentives
               | murder and when murder is status conferring instead of
               | status reducing.
               | 
               | It's also part of the nature of our close relatives, the
               | chimpanzee. See "lethal raiding".
        
               | Sharlin wrote:
               | However, it's very much not a part of the nature of our
               | other close relatives, the bonobos, whose conflict
               | resolution mechanisms can be literally described as "make
               | love, not war". The difference seems to be more about
               | their respective environments' relative
               | abundance/scarcity than any innate "nature".
        
               | jkhdigital wrote:
               | Indeed, humans clearly have both tendencies in our
               | evolutionary lineage. But I think the point is that
               | humans build societies which enforce behavioral norms
               | independently of what would emerge based on the "natural"
               | environment. Both bonobos and chimpanzees are locked in
               | their strategies for conflict resolution, which may not
               | always be appropriate for the prevailing environmental
               | conditions.
        
               | hntrader wrote:
               | The difference is definitely not known to be due to
               | current environments' relative abundance.
               | 
               | Maybe you got that from the Wiki article on bonobos which
               | includes a deceptive quote of a 2014 Nature article. What
               | the article actually says is that bonobos have a genetic
               | adaptation due to historic evolution in environments with
               | abundance which either allows for phenotypic variation in
               | response to current environment, _or_ which has resulted
               | in biological evolution to less violence as a general
               | policy (which would indeed be  "nature"). Personally I'm
               | strongly inclined towards the latter hypothesis because
               | it's the most parsimonious and fits observation better,
               | ie the number of observed bonobo murders is near zero
               | despite varying environments. If we find modern bonobos
               | living in some scarcity who take up murder as a result,
               | then I'll change my mind.
               | 
               | Chimps on the other hand are believed to be violent
               | because it confers genetic fitness (as per that same
               | Nature article), and things such as the age and sex of
               | their victims is predictive suggesting they murder in
               | order to eliminate competition. This is their nature in
               | the sense that this behavior is significantly impacted by
               | their genes.
        
               | Sharlin wrote:
               | I mean, I'm not arguing that it's all cultural, or even
               | epigenetic. But claiming that humans have nature X
               | because chimps have nature X is definitely cherry-picking
               | data points given that bonobos are just as closely
               | related to us and behave very differently.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | viraptor wrote:
               | > (e.g Waorani, among others) ... when murder is status
               | conferring instead of status reducing.
               | 
               | This describes a given culture, including upbringing. It
               | does not describe human nature. (or specifically doesn't
               | prove they are aligned)
               | 
               | We've got examples from other extremes too, like pacifism
               | in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moriori
        
               | DoreenMichele wrote:
               | Rape is shockingly common and cultures are human made
               | things, so they express human nature or some variation of
               | it.
               | 
               | Picking which cultures you like as examples of "human
               | nature" and excluding others isn't really a sound tactic
               | of argumentation.
        
               | viraptor wrote:
               | It's not picking cultures I like. It's a counterexample -
               | describing specific culture doing/avoiding X to an
               | extreme level does not prove or disprove X being or not
               | "in human nature".
        
               | DoreenMichele wrote:
               | This is from your previous comment: _Very small minority
               | would participate in murder, stealing, or rape, even if
               | we created no disincentive for them._
               | 
               | I have seen articles that say that if you ask a room full
               | of women if they have been raped, you may get as much as
               | half the hands go up. If you ask them if they ever said
               | "no" to sex and ended up having sex anyway, up to 90
               | percent of the hands go up.
               | 
               | In most countries, the definition of rape hinges on the
               | detail of consent and is presumed to be only something a
               | man can do to a woman (though some laws are being
               | updated). If you accept that forcible sodomy by a man
               | against another man is also rape, prison rapes are quite
               | common.
               | 
               | Human trafficking exists and every single instance of
               | sexual intercourse with someone being trafficked against
               | their will is typically referred to in articles on the
               | topic as rape.
               | 
               | Then there is statutory rape, where someone is deemed to
               | be too young to reasonably give their consent, so it
               | doesn't count if she said "yes" to it.
               | 
               | Then there is date rape, which typically involves
               | alcohol, a culture clash between people with different
               | expectations for what would happen and tragic
               | misunderstanding. Sometimes the guys will tell you that
               | they didn't think they forced her. It's news to them that
               | she felt forced into sex when someone shows up to accuse
               | them of rape and drag them in front of a college review
               | board or charge them with a crime.
               | 
               | A lot of people think rape is about physical violence.
               | It's not. Most rapes don't involve beating the hell out
               | of the victim.
               | 
               | It's a complicated topic, but rape is far from uncommon.
               | 
               | I don't know where you get your ideas about human nature
               | from but they don't seem to fit with anything I know
               | about human nature and I'm some idiot with pie-in-the-sky
               | ideals prone to assuming people are just going to be
               | _nice_ because that 's just the right thing to do and
               | that, sadly, is often not the case. At all.
        
               | da_big_ghey wrote:
               | Do you have citations for these incredibly high numbers?
               | There has been some justified criticism about the way
               | rape stats have been re-designed to elicit higher
               | numbers. https://time.com/3393442/cdc-rape-numbers/
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | Afaik, highers numbers about rape are somewhat less then
               | 20%. So the 50% or 90% is bonkers and does not represent
               | general population.
               | 
               | However, rape (no matter what definition) is not evenly
               | spread, some groups of women are more likely to become
               | victims then others. Perpetrators pick their victims in a
               | sort of rational way - some are more vulnerable.
               | 
               | So if you bias the group the right way, you can get large
               | numbers.
        
               | DoreenMichele wrote:
               | _So the 50% or 90% is bonkers and does not represent
               | general population._
               | 
               | No, it's actually commentary on the fact that women
               | themselves often cannot clearly state "I was raped." The
               | article in question was trying to show that lots more
               | women have been raped than will admit to it or claim it.
               | But you can also read it the other way: It casts light on
               | how difficult it is to define rape.
               | 
               | Rape hinges on the detail of consent. Even women who have
               | been fed alcohol until they were incapacitated and then
               | taken to someone's room will go online and say things
               | like "I had sex with a friend last night. I'm in a
               | relationship. I know I need to drink less..." and get a
               | chorus of people saying "Honey, that was rape."
               | 
               | People imagine rape to be some clear cut crime. In
               | reality women are often very unclear in their own minds
               | whether or not they were raped.
               | 
               | If the crime hinges on the detail of consent and the
               | woman in question can't state clearly whether or not she
               | wanted it, much less whether or not she consented, then
               | you have bigger problems in determining data than in how
               | surveyors ask their questions.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | I would rather go with research then with imagining
               | clueless women saying things online.
        
               | DoreenMichele wrote:
               | I'm not imagining anything. I've seen such things happen
               | online.
        
               | DoreenMichele wrote:
               | _Do you have citations for these incredibly high
               | numbers?_
               | 
               | Sorry, no. It was an article I read a long time ago.
               | 
               | Rape stats are an inherently difficult thing to measure
               | well. I could, in all earnestness, argue for either much
               | higher or much lower figures than the reported figures.
               | 
               | That's a discussion I don't care to try to have on HN at
               | all, much less on two hours sleep.
        
               | kiliantics wrote:
               | That room full of women is in our society though. The
               | previous commenter was pointing out that there are other
               | societies that contain a lot less violence, therefore it
               | doesn't have to be considered a given that rape and
               | murder will always be present in society.
               | 
               | It's easy to believe that it's "in our nature" because of
               | the dynamics which you describe being so common in the
               | most dominant society, which is the only society most
               | people have experience of. But, as another idiot with
               | ideals, I believe we should not view this trend as a
               | fatalistic inevitability, that it will always exist no
               | matter how hard we work to change things.
               | 
               | Most people are in a state of near constant existential
               | threat, due to their impoverishment in artificial
               | scarcity (so much wealth in the world but must of us have
               | access to nearly none of it). So most people don't have
               | the luxury of being nice, even if it's the right thing to
               | do. That and the fact that most of us are victims of
               | many-generation-long cycles of inherited abuse that can
               | be so hard to get out of. We have in many ways only ever
               | been taught to be cruel to each other.
               | 
               | If we all play along with the idea of this inevitability,
               | as in the top level commenter's claims of human nature,
               | we only make it more true and harder to escape.
        
               | DoreenMichele wrote:
               | There are cultures where if a woman is raped, the
               | solution is to marry her off to her rapist because she
               | doesn't really have rights of her own. He has violated
               | the property rights of some other man and damaged his
               | goods and taking responsibility for said _damaged goods_
               | is the remedy -- not for the victim of the rape but for
               | the man who owns her.
               | 
               | There are cultures where a woman cannot accuse her
               | husband of rape. If she is married, he has unilateral
               | right to have sex with her as he sees fit, no permission
               | required.
               | 
               | Rape is a really complicated topic and the detail of
               | consent has only grown thornier in my mind over time.
               | 
               | While I was homeless, men were happy to offer me money
               | for sex because it was obvious to them that I was very
               | poor. Meanwhile, I was routinely told on HN "Get a real
               | job" and basically quit my bitching that I can't manage
               | to make adequate income from my writing.
               | 
               | I have six years of college and cannot manage to come up
               | with an adequate income from "honest labor" but men are
               | happy to offer me money for sex under circumstances that
               | can be interpreted as _taking advantage of my
               | vulnerability._
               | 
               | There are women who argue that all heterosexual acts of
               | intercourse are essentially rape because of the generally
               | poor status of women's rights. If putting up with
               | intercourse with some man is the only means a woman has
               | of establishing an adequate income and the world will
               | literally let you starve and say "Not my problem" if you
               | aren't married well, dating him in specific, etc, is it
               | really genuinely consenting to agree to sex to stave off
               | starvation?
               | 
               | This is not a theoretical question for me. This is lived
               | experience as an educated American woman still reeling
               | with shock at how amazingly hard it is to get taken
               | seriously as a person in need of an earned income and
               | willing to work for pay while no one wants to pay me.
               | They will take freebies from me, so they think what I do
               | has merit, but when push comes to shove it doesn't lead
               | to an adequate income for me.
               | 
               | It's not a thing I expect anyone here to understand or
               | care about. I've been here long enough to know that
               | commenting on it doesn't get me sympathy. It just pisses
               | people off who would like to think of themselves as nicer
               | than that, so pointing this out isn't going to be met
               | with people going "Oh. I didn't realize that. Let's fix
               | that. That's wrong."
               | 
               | It will be met with a chorus of "You are just doing it
               | wrong." and no rebuttal on my part will ever be
               | sufficient to have the issue taken seriously. I know
               | because I've tried for years to put this issue into words
               | and that's how it goes every time, without fail.
               | 
               | So if I were to cave and finally sleep with a man for his
               | money after a decade or more of dire financial problems
               | and failing to find any other remedy, is that really,
               | truly consenting sex?
               | 
               | I don't think it is. It's not the kind of sex I'm
               | interested in ever having.
               | 
               | I've had better. I know what better looks and feels like.
               | 
               | But my words fall on deaf ears and make no difference. So
               | I have grown more sympathetic to strident feminist views,
               | though I don't fundamentally agree with them and don't
               | even self-identify as a _feminist_.
        
               | hntrader wrote:
               | The clear trend from hunter gatherer to modern society is
               | a dramatically declining murder rate.
               | 
               | The murder rate has declined by about 50x thanks to
               | modern society.
               | 
               | This is what I mean when I say that these actions are
               | human nature. Only because of the state Leviathan and
               | modern cultural zeitgeist have we been able to change
               | this behavior from very common (in some cases more likely
               | than not) to rare.
               | 
               | What's the murder rate of the Moriori? Is it less than 5
               | per 100k per year?
               | 
               | If modern society were to disintegrate, the murder rate
               | should increase by 50x roughly as we trend back to our
               | raw nature without these artificial attenuating forces.
        
               | kiliantics wrote:
               | Again, why are you basing your understanding of the world
               | on the ideas of enlightenment hacks like Pinker, who
               | can't get past 18th century understanding? It must be
               | truly sad to only be able to see the world in such a grim
               | and pessimistic way.
               | 
               | https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/mar/13/john-gray-
               | stev...
        
               | hntrader wrote:
               | Whenever I read Pinker critiques (and I've read a few)
               | they're always dripping with dishonest reasoning that
               | leaves me even more confident in his position.
               | 
               | Take Jason Hickel's critique, where he lies about the
               | poverty rate increasing (when in fact it's decreasing
               | according to his own data) and then hand waves away all
               | the other metrics that Pinker discusses in a single
               | paragraph.
               | 
               | Take Nassim Taleb's (who I usually respect) critique,
               | where he comes off as a raving lunatic, accusing Pinker
               | of inadequately addressing tail risks when the objective
               | of his work is mostly descriptive and not pertaining to
               | possible existential risks. I recommend you read Pinker's
               | hilarious dismantling of that rambling nonsense.
               | 
               | Or the debate between Pinker and Gladwell where Gladwell
               | totally ignores all the actual metrics that Pinker
               | discusses and instead waxes poetic in narrative form,
               | discussing single anecdotes.
               | 
               | Now I'm half way through this Guardian piece and I
               | already had to stop. Just because some Enlightenment
               | thinkers had truly backwards ideas - and I'm sure that
               | Pinker would agree that they're extremely backwards -
               | says zero about Pinker's thesis. It's a borderline straw
               | man to think that that's relevant to his thesis. If the
               | latter part of the article has a better argument, let me
               | know.
        
               | viraptor wrote:
               | > The murder rate has declined by about 50x thanks to
               | modern society.
               | 
               | > This is what I mean when I say that these actions are
               | human nature.
               | 
               | That carries an assumption that modern society restricted
               | that side of human nature. An alternative: modern society
               | enables us to act according to human nature and not
               | resort to actions necessary for survival in previous
               | societies.
               | 
               | If modern society disintegrated, there wouldn't be a lack
               | of society influence. It would be a different society.
               | That's why we have the whole nature-vs-nurture debate
               | which is not trivial. That's why I objected to the
               | original claim. (Although as Doreen mentions, some
               | behaviours are much more common than others)
        
               | hntrader wrote:
               | I get where you're coming from, but modern society is
               | clearly pushing us away from our own nature in this
               | instance, not towards it.
               | 
               | To establish this, we just need to ask the question of
               | what would happen if the explicit state punishments for
               | murder, rape, etc were removed. The rates would increase
               | significantly, implying that the existence of these
               | measures is attenuating behaviour that's otherwise rather
               | natural.
               | 
               | If chimps received an electric shock each time they tried
               | to murder another chimp, would they murder less often?
               | Yes, because that shock is attenuating their true nature.
               | 
               | Admittedly, "human nature" is a rather fuzzy concept and
               | isn't a scientifically precise term.
        
               | sjg007 wrote:
               | Historians and scientists have studied this and basically
               | the rise of government has reduced the murder rate.
               | There's a great PBS episode on it.
        
               | lukeschlather wrote:
               | This is a little like saying that starvation is human
               | nature. Our entire society is organized around minimizing
               | various aspects of human nature, starting with starvation
               | and moving on up to murder, and at some point in the list
               | of things we try to avoid, perhaps because they are part
               | of our nature, is bullying.
        
               | kiliantics wrote:
               | Your understanding of society is behind by about two or
               | three centuries at least... It's supremely unscientific
               | to use chimpanzee social dynamics to understand human
               | ones. And the standard view among anthropologists about
               | prevalence of violence in a given community, is that it
               | arises out of certain conditions (e.g. famine or other
               | loss of resources, usually man-made by outsiders or
               | despotic rulers), not because we are innately prone to
               | just killing each other if there is no "leviathan" to
               | stop us.
               | 
               | Past research suggesting this kind of thing -- like the
               | single study of a single tribe that you are giving us
               | with your argument -- has been debunked by more nuanced,
               | modern (and less colonial/racist) research. There are far
               | more peaceful societies known to us than violent ones,
               | though unfortunately we are mostly forced to participate
               | in one of the latter.
        
               | hntrader wrote:
               | It has zero to do with racist research (the same findings
               | apply to historical Europe) and your assertions here are
               | just factually wrong.
               | 
               | Here's a study on middle ages Croatia where 20 percent of
               | skeletons showed cranial fractures (which doesn't even
               | include murder by flesh wounds):
               | 
               | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajpa.2208
               | 3
               | 
               | Here's a study on London cemetaries which found a 7
               | percent rate (again this excludes murder by other
               | methods):
               | 
               | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ajpa.232
               | 88
               | 
               | "e.g. famine or other loss of resources, usually man-made
               | by outsiders or despotic rulers"
               | 
               | Demonstrably wrong in the case of the Waorani. It was a
               | blood feud going back generations, long before any
               | contact with other societies. So yes, a Leviathan
               | would've stopped it.
               | 
               | https://www.nature.com/news/2009/090511/full/news.2009.46
               | 3.h...
        
               | fuzzfactor wrote:
               | >It was a blood feud going back generations, long before
               | any contact with other societies.
               | 
               | So culturally preserved hatred (which became an outlier
               | over a period of time where other cultures preserved less
               | hatred), not much different than the Hatfields & McCoys.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | One culture with unusually high murder rate does not
               | prove murder is "in human nature". You are literally
               | picking outlier to make general claim.
        
               | hntrader wrote:
               | No, I didn't bring up that one example to support the
               | general claim that murder is part of human nature. I
               | brought it up to debunk the notion that only a very small
               | proportion would necessarily engage in these activities
               | in the absence of a state. For that purpose, all I needed
               | was a single counter-example.
               | 
               | If instead you want evidence for the more general claim,
               | you can look at some of the studies I've referred to in
               | this thread (e.g. the one about London or Croatia), or
               | just look up anthropological surveys of hunter gatherer
               | societies that show murder rates 50x higher _on average_.
        
             | Rapzid wrote:
             | Here Is Something You Can't Understand
        
           | jcelerier wrote:
           | Yet it happens daily
        
           | pawelmurias wrote:
           | It's not for most people. Some cultures heavily encourage
           | being a dick but we have builtin inhibitions.
        
         | viraptor wrote:
         | I'm not sure if they consider it at that level. At
         | primary/secondary school it's pretty clear - you may get told
         | off for bullying if anyone learns about it, may have some
         | uncomfortable conversations. But you'll still be in the same
         | class with the same people the next day. Unless you do
         | something so drastic you get expelled.
         | 
         | I've not heard of many teens (I'm sure there's a few) actively
         | thinking of / planning bullying. Most of it is on a "why not,
         | that's what I want to do now" level. The ones I've seen were
         | actually kids on the very bottom of any hierarchy just acting
         | out, not trying to achieve anything.
        
           | eurasiantiger wrote:
           | https://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/news/three_teenagers_on_trial_.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/news/police_complete_investiga.
           | ..
        
             | viraptor wrote:
             | Yes, we can find specific cases for a lot of things. The
             | question what's the usual behaviour/motivation still
             | stands.
        
         | nathias wrote:
         | that's human nature for psychopaths, the rest of us don't have
         | to put up with them if we don't want to...
        
           | konschubert wrote:
           | Luckily School isn't Life.
           | http://www.paulgraham.com/nerds.html
        
       | ieatmyownpoop wrote:
       | Dat heading tho
        
       | AtlasBarfed wrote:
       | The blurb seems to indicate a gender-neutral view of bullying.
       | Females and males employ fundamentally different techniques,
       | aggression, threats, and the like to socially jockey for
       | position.
       | 
       | I'd argue in high school female social status is arranged into
       | stratified blobs but the dominance within those blobs is fluid.
       | 
       | Male social status is a dominance hierarchy of blobs, and males
       | within the resulting strata will self organize into sub-
       | hierarchies to protect against inter-strata conflict.
       | 
       | The other main difference is that females employ social status
       | threats.
       | 
       | Males use outright physical threats.
        
       | _zamorano_ wrote:
       | Mmmmm, I don't know.
       | 
       | Most of the bullying I remember from childhood was mostly of a
       | boy already high in the social status, against one low in the
       | ranks.
       | 
       | The receiving guy was not a threat to the giving one.
        
         | loopz wrote:
         | The threat is against the others in the group, if they don't
         | participate or try to intervene.
         | 
         | The stressors however, are often coming from relationships with
         | adults.
        
       | DoreenMichele wrote:
       | _The paper cites the real-life case of Megan Meier, who hanged
       | herself in 2007 after being bullied by people she thought were
       | her friends -- with the added twist of a mother orchestrating the
       | social media bullying scheme._
       | 
       | Yeah. Parents and teachers are probably the people we should be
       | training to behave better, not teenagers caught in a system they
       | didn't design and often desperately wish they could escape.
       | 
       | Edit: I will add that a lot of my social problems in high school
       | were rooted in or exacerbated by teachers holding me up as the
       | example to hate on. They would brag about my high scores as if
       | that somehow reflected positively on their teaching ability (it
       | didn't) and then simultaneously act like if other people weren't
       | doing as well as I was, it was because they weren't trying hard
       | enough or something (disavowing their own responsibility for poor
       | outcomes in the classroom).
       | 
       | That seems to be a norm in schools and is directly related to the
       | described teen behavior in the article.
        
         | spacemanmatt wrote:
         | Teachers and administrators bullied me indirectly through the
         | most popular kids in school. Several schools. I made a few of
         | them pay and pay when I figured out their abuse patterns
         | depended on me staying quiet. I never went to any formal
         | authorities because I didn't think I would be believed.
         | 
         | This social issue of adults using children like this is
         | extremely rampant. It's a phenomenon you can't unsee.
         | 
         | [edit: the one ray of hope? the teacher who ever took my side?
         | arrested for sexual assault on a minor while I was still in
         | attendance.]
        
           | ralphc wrote:
           | Did you mean "never"?
        
             | dwighttk wrote:
             | I don't think that ray of hope came through
        
               | spacemanmatt wrote:
               | A false hope, indeed. It may be worth mentioning that
               | this was not only the local affluent district, but among
               | the top 5 in the state, ranked by wealth or academic
               | performance. All that cash in the district, and they
               | still couldn't vet teachers well.
        
         | 6gvONxR4sf7o wrote:
         | Regarding your edit: I learned in school to hide my ability in
         | order to avoid the problems you faced. I think a lot of kids
         | did (most?). It's what leads to that stereotype of a teacher
         | asking an obvious question but nobody raises their hand. What a
         | messed up situation for an education system to punish
         | performance and teach people to not engage and hide ability.
         | 
         | Then there's the nasty ego side effect of us all thinking we're
         | smarter than everyone else because we assume we're the only
         | ones hiding our abilities.
        
           | imtringued wrote:
           | It reminds me of this meme:
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-iMV9XA6t_8
        
         | SunlightEdge wrote:
         | Oh that's awful. Agreed, terrible behaviour from teachers
         | there.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | loopz wrote:
         | What is even more true is that the children often pick up
         | behaviour from adults, especially at home and in abuse
         | relationships. So it doesn't matter how much propaganda about
         | bullying is spewed forth in school, when the real raising of
         | children happen in other places.
         | 
         | For adults, bullying, injustice, unfairness and exclusion is
         | just standard, normal behaviour, especially at top leadership.
        
           | rsp1984 wrote:
           | _For adults, bullying, injustice, unfairness and exclusion is
           | just standard, normal behaviour, especially at top
           | leadership._
           | 
           | Somewhat. However, in contrast to kids, adults have rights
           | and access to the judicial system, which makes bullying etc.
           | harder.
        
             | loopz wrote:
             | If it was easy to judge, within any institutions, bullying
             | would've been solved long ago.
        
             | sjg007 wrote:
             | There's definitely bullying within families and between
             | spouses unfortunately. Kids may internalize that and act it
             | out with their peers.
        
             | fuzzfactor wrote:
             | >adults have rights and access to the judicial system,
             | which makes bullying etc. harder.
             | 
             | Except in the equally common cases where the judicial
             | system makes bullying etc. easier.
        
             | dmingod666 wrote:
             | What do you think it is when some superior at work tries to
             | mock in jest or get disproportionate agressive at mistakes?
             | Its an undertone to reinforce social heirarchies. If you
             | call bullshit on it, it may stop or worsen. Its all power
             | play. Bullying is just part of a spectrum. When someone
             | gives a dirty look to a rude waiter it is not much
             | different than being abusive to someone cause you see a
             | decent route where you get away with the bad behavior.
             | 
             | This is why you have anonymous trolls but polite and civil
             | strangers.
        
         | WhompingWindows wrote:
         | Your point eludes the fact we're all caught in this system, not
         | just teenagers. Parents have few choices, they have certain
         | budget for a house and that dictates which district they're in.
         | Meanwhile, they're struggling and working hard and education is
         | a pivotal means of upward mobility, so they feel it's extremely
         | important to their child's future.
         | 
         | US Teachers are grossly underpaid and have to deal with
         | tremendous amounts of training already...and stress. Consider
         | in many of our schools, you have one teacher to 20 or 25
         | students, many of whom have undiagnosed learning disabilities,
         | developmental problems, social issues, familial problems,
         | hunger, mental health issues...teachers are already working
         | insanely hard for low pay. I worked exclusively in struggling
         | schools and I had kids with cousins shot dead, kids who
         | literally jumped onto the table and screamed how myself and
         | other teachers were racists, it's insane what teachers have to
         | handle.
         | 
         | So no, We can't lay everything at the feet of current parents
         | and teachers, there's a lot of policy, politics, and history in
         | the educational field that no current teacher or parent had
         | anything to do with. They're struggling and vying for success
         | just as they see the children suffering.
        
           | DoreenMichele wrote:
           | _So no, We can 't lay everything at the feet of current
           | parents and teachers_
           | 
           | I'm a parent. I'm a parent who was sexually abused as a child
           | and succeeded in not passing on my awful baggage about sex to
           | my children.
           | 
           | I took the position "The buck stops here" and was unwilling
           | to accept excuses.
           | 
           | I was fortunate to be a military wife and it allowed me to be
           | a homemaker. I ultimately homeschooled my sons for a lot of
           | years.
           | 
           | My first blog was a parenting and homeschooling blog. I've
           | had a few of them and none have really gelled.
           | 
           | I would love to be part of the solution here for the wider
           | world, not just for my kids. I don't know how to make that
           | happen while getting no real engagement.
           | 
           | Adults are absolutely the people who must be held
           | responsible. Making excuses for why current adults can't do
           | better by the children in their charge is part of the
           | problem.
           | 
           | I'm fine with saying "The US has amazingly shitty policies
           | generally and needs to be more family friendly." I get that.
           | 
           | But someone, somewhere has to take responsibility. And that
           | someone needs to be a current adult, not a legal minor.
           | 
           | From what I gather, anti-bullying programs tend to try to
           | intercede with the kids in a way that fundamentally doesn't
           | work. They don't have the legal rights or agency to stand up
           | for themselves.
           | 
           | Adults are the ones who have that. Adults are our only hope
           | here.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | tvphan wrote:
       | Did you use 4 to represent for? I was so confused
        
       | colecut wrote:
       | This is like all the adults who make fun of me for buying bitcoin
        
       | mancerayder wrote:
       | Of course!
       | 
       | And a similar strategy plays out with harassment and even to an
       | extent racism in high school. Oftentimes it's a strategic play by
       | someone with high aggression and low empathy. That was my
       | experience.
       | 
       | However, we're being told by the dominant Zeitgeist at the moment
       | that it's language we should adjust and control and police, anti
       | bias training and such. It'll take a few years for the blank
       | slatism to be pushed aside and let science back in: hierarchies
       | and competition are partially biological and begin in childhood,
       | independent of what anyone teaches anyone.
        
       | seizethecheese wrote:
       | If this happens more the closer people get in social status
       | (friends) then it suggests that bullying (as defined here) is a
       | tool of social competition.
        
       | morsch wrote:
       | The title of the linked article is _Most Teen Bullying Occurs
       | Among Peers Climbing the Social Ladder_. I had trouble parsing
       | the HN story title.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | A moderator fixed it a while ago. I've changed it again to the
         | subtitle, though, which seems more factual and less
         | interpretive.
        
           | cobraetor wrote:
           | > the subtitle, though, which seems more factual and less
           | interpretive
           | 
           | Not true, if you read the linked paper:
           | https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/712972
           | 
           | > The reason for the typically low success rates, we believe,
           | is that aggressive behavior accrues social rewards and does
           | so to a degree that leads some to betray their closest
           | friends. Even the most successful prevention programs are
           | unable to alter the aggressive behavior of popular bullies,
           | who use cruelty to gain and maintain status (Garandeau, Lee,
           | and Salmivalli 2014). Most programs focus on remedying
           | dynamics such as emotional dysregulation, poor conflict
           | management, and empathy deficits, factors that may explain
           | only a portion of aggressive behavior. These efforts may
           | reduce "normative targeting" of those who violate one or more
           | of myriad unwritten rules governing adolescent fashion,
           | gender expression, physical appearance, sexuality, and so on
           | --in short, the socially vulnerable. But unless they disrupt
           | the popularity contests ubiquitous in secondary schools, they
           | are unlikely to improve conditions for those trying to reach
           | the next rung on the social ladder, not to mention those they
           | step on--who are often their own friends.
           | 
           | What made you think that the use of "Social Ladder" is
           | interpretive when words like "social rewards" and "popularity
           | contents" are used throughout the paper (with references to
           | past papers talking about the same to boot)? The paper is
           | clearly not talking about bullying happening merely among
           | friends and friends-of-friends, but it does so in a social
           | hierarchical context.
           | 
           | The authors could not have come up with any recommendations
           | while discounting the social status aspect (as HN did with
           | the title rewrite here), for instance -
           | 
           | > One such strategy entails coopting status contests for
           | prosocial ends by identifying high-status youths and changing
           | their behavior in the hopes that they in turn influence their
           | peers.
        
         | avodonosov wrote:
         | Same here
        
       | mkl wrote:
       | Why butcher the headline to incomprehensibility? The actual title
       | is "Most Teen Bullying Occurs Among Peers Climbing the Social
       | Ladder", which is clear. "Most teen bully among friends 4 social
       | hierarchy - anti-bullying programs fail" doesn't make any kind of
       | sense to me.
        
         | lkramer wrote:
         | Me neither, I mostly clicked on the article to see if that was
         | an actual academic headline. Glad it wasn't.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | warent wrote:
         | it wasnt until I read the original title and closely compared
         | it to this one that I finally understood 4 means "for" here.
         | 
         | Kept thinking it was a quantity or enumeration. Four friends?
         | Four social hierarchies? The fourth group?
         | 
         | Really confusing change to change the headline.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | A moderator fixed it a while ago. I've changed it again to the
         | subtitle, though, which seems more factual and less
         | interpretive.
        
         | d3nj4l wrote:
         | Yeah, I hope dang fixes this one, given it also breaks the rule
         | on editorializing titles.
        
         | monadic5 wrote:
         | Well it doesn't mean a quantity. I have faith in your ability
         | to interpret, though apparently not without complaint.
        
         | Y_Y wrote:
         | Most Buffalo buffalo occurs among Buffalo buffalo Buffalo
         | buffalo buffalo.
        
       | thecleaner wrote:
       | Any references to the original paper ? Their data collection
       | process should be interesting because if bullying is used
       | strategically what questions would actually make them confess the
       | intent ?
        
       | ryanmarsh wrote:
       | I'm on the spectrum and even I didn't have to read the paper to
       | know that.
        
       | dandanua wrote:
       | > The study focuses, instead, on a broader definition of peer
       | aggression -- theorizing that aggression can actually improve the
       | social status of the aggressor.
       | 
       | It looks like a breakthrough!
       | 
       | /s
        
         | TheSpiceIsLife wrote:
         | Give an infinite number of monkeys an infinite number of
         | research assignments...
        
       | happytoexplain wrote:
       | Wow, I never thought I'd live to see the day an old school text
       | messaging abbreviation was used to shorten a headline on HN.
        
       | lqqq wrote:
       | The HN title is so confusing. If you don't get it at first like
       | me: 4 means "for" here. That makes a lot more sense.
        
       | fortran77 wrote:
       | There's an interesting parallel here:
       | 
       | > _"To the extent that this is true, we should expect them to
       | target not vulnerable wallflowers, but their own friends, and
       | friends-of-friends, who are more likely to be their rivals for
       | higher rungs on the social ladder,"_
       | 
       | I spent 10 years working for a "Fortune 50" company. A huge media
       | conglomorate.
       | 
       | This was exactly the behavior of low- and mid- level executives
       | to each other as they tried to climb the corporate ladder.
        
       | 88840-8855 wrote:
       | >"To the extent that this is true, we should expect them to
       | target not vulnerable wallflowers, but their own friends, and
       | friends-of-friends, who are more likely to be their rivals for
       | higher rungs on the social ladder,"
       | 
       | I was bullied and then bullied myself - not proud of that, but it
       | felt natural as it made me cool. Then, a handicapped guy was
       | bullied by my friends and I was defending him and kept the
       | friendship with the handicapped guy. My status fell dramatically.
       | 
       | Thinking back, I understand now the dynamics but I would have no
       | advice to my child (if I had one) how to avoid being bullied or
       | stop participating in bullying. My ex gf was a natural born
       | leader, she was beautiful, tall, intelligent, but also a lone
       | wolf. She was showing civil courage in school and was defending
       | the weak ones without losing her status. But being pretty and a
       | natural leader is nothing you can teach someone.
       | 
       | Probably you just have to accept that bullying is part of our
       | social dynamic.
        
         | pharmakom wrote:
         | It is part of the human dynamic, but only when you are forced
         | into contact with the same small group day after day. Lots of
         | people bullied in high school thrive in the real world because
         | there, if someone is disrespectful to you, then you have more
         | options to walk away. Ever notice where bullying outside school
         | occurs? Prisons and crappy jobs that people can't afford to
         | leave.
        
           | Viliam1234 wrote:
           | Yep. Bullying is a natural human reaction to certain
           | environments (where "natural" is a description, _not_ an
           | endorsement), but that doesn ' mean we have to organize our
           | environments that way.
           | 
           | As Madonna would say: there's no greater power than the power
           | of goodbye.
        
           | eurasiantiger wrote:
           | Any place where you don't have choice. Doctors, lawyers, even
           | car mechanics if they think you're desperate enough.
        
           | AtlasBarfed wrote:
           | It's tough. It is super important to provide structure to
           | kids.
           | 
           | But as you say, it's also disturbingly like prison.
           | 
           | I think some of the problem is that you get your entire
           | schedule dictated to you. It might be better if kids had a
           | choice of homerooms, a choice of class schedules, a choice in
           | "study hall".
           | 
           | I also remember in education that the teachers bemoan
           | stratified academic classes, because the "smart kids are
           | important for teaching the dumber kids" in peer manner.
           | 
           | Well, that always raised my warning bell, because those
           | intermingled classes meant the "dumb kids" would bully the
           | "smart kids" out of anger and frustration.
           | 
           | The smarter a group of people, the less violent they
           | generally are. Sure the bullying may reduce to intellectual
           | and social bullying.
           | 
           | But at least you aren't getting physically assaulted or
           | threatened constantly with physical assault, which is much
           | much worse, and don't let anyone tell you differently.
           | 
           | Gym class was also one of the worst classes for providing
           | bullying opportunity, and I was forced to go to it, despite
           | the fact I did very physically intense sports each season,
           | definitely closer to the "prison" than the "structure" side
           | of things.
        
             | pharmakom wrote:
             | > The smarter a group of people, the less violent they
             | generally are.
             | 
             | I also believe this, but I don't know why I do. Is there
             | any data to support this?
        
       | alexashka wrote:
       | If you define bullying as any act that would upset a Karen on
       | twitter, then the highest rate of 'bullying' will trivially occur
       | between people who interact with each other most often.
        
       | hackerbrother wrote:
       | Can confirm, I've been on both ends of this.
        
       | PicassoCTs wrote:
       | Consider a herd of grazing mammals. All young, are by the very
       | nature of the stage of life, easy prey. Now imagine social
       | capabilities - the ability to communicate distress and
       | cooperation to others.
       | 
       | Anyone not capable of these abilities, with any weakness at all,
       | could be singled out - to be fed to the wolves. Social abilities
       | become a weapon, to vandalize an outlier of the group.
       | 
       | This theory should be easily testable. If another member of
       | society - which signals frailty (old, handicapped, etc.) is
       | present to this group, the bullying should significantly reduced
       | or even cease.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | CuriouslyC wrote:
         | Except that humans didn't evolve as herd grazers avoiding
         | predators. In this case, it's asserting social dominance in
         | order to get first access to resources.
        
           | oh_sigh wrote:
           | What resources does the top bully at the school get?
        
             | fuzzfactor wrote:
             | Admiration from the lesser bullies.
        
         | Viliam1234 wrote:
         | This explains some aspects of bullying, but not all.
         | Specifically, quoting the article, why "those who are not
         | necessarily friends, but who share many friends in common --
         | are also more likely to bully or otherwise victimize each
         | other"?
         | 
         | Maybe people you don't have enough friends in common with feel
         | like a _different herd_ , and people have instict to bully the
         | weakest member _of their own herd_ , but don't care about other
         | herds as much. Maybe it's because bullying a member of your
         | herd allows you to rise to the top of your herd (which is the
         | assumption of the article), while bullying a member of a
         | different herd does not. Or maybe because when you start
         | bullying a member of a different herd, the whole victim's herd
         | may collectively turn against you ("yeah, he may be a loser,
         | but he is _our_ loser, so back off "), while bullying a member
         | of your own herd is safe in this aspect. (Unless your herd has
         | a strong leader who opposes internal fighting -- rarely happens
         | with kids.)
         | 
         | So the testable prediction would be like: If you have a
         | classroom with e.g. 29 white students and 1 black student, the
         | white students will bully the black one. (Unless there is
         | someone more visibly different, e.g. handicapped or speaking a
         | foreign language.) But if you have 15 white students and 15
         | black students, more likely the white students will pick a
         | white victim to bully, and the black students will pick a black
         | victim to bully. (Unless the class is more split along some
         | other trait than race. In which case e.g. the English-speaking
         | students would pick an English-speaking victim, and the French-
         | speaking students would pick a French-speaking victim.)
        
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