[HN Gopher] What I Worked On
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       What I Worked On
        
       Author : tosh
       Score  : 530 points
       Date   : 2021-02-16 16:16 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (paulgraham.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (paulgraham.com)
        
       | gist wrote:
       | This essay is very long. It would benefit from at least a summary
       | at the top of each paragraph so you could scan through and read
       | what you found interesting if you didn't have the time to read
       | the entire essay.
       | 
       | Quick check over 13500 words. At 500 word per page that's 27
       | pages.
       | 
       | I am coming up (again quick check) with 45 minutes to read this
       | (including footnotes). [1] [2]
       | 
       | Are 'Trevor Blackwell, John Collison, Patrick Collison, Daniel
       | Gackle, Ralph Hazell, Jessica Livingston, Robert Morris, and Harj
       | Taggar' reading that many draft pages?
       | 
       | [1] Could have used wc -c but used this:
       | https://wordcounter.net/website-word-count
       | 
       | [2] For reading time used this:
       | https://capitalizemytitle.com/reading-time/27-pages/
        
         | dang wrote:
         | I read the whole thing. I thoroughly enjoyed it. It didn't feel
         | like 27 pages.
        
       | foldr wrote:
       | I'm not a huge fan of PG's essays in general, but this was a
       | really interesting read. It's sobering how the tiniest details of
       | someone's life can be so much more interesting than what they
       | think of as their most important and original thoughts. Perhaps
       | PG will be another Samuel Johnson (who's remembered primarily not
       | for his work, but for Boswell's descriptions of his everyday life
       | and conversation).
        
       | mdorazio wrote:
       | This is a well-written essay even if it's a bit long and somewhat
       | navel-gazing (it is, after all, written for pg himself). However,
       | I was continuously struck by just how ridiculously privileged and
       | serendipitous pg's early life was to the point where I just can't
       | even relate to it.
       | 
       | He basically meandered his way from an expensive (today) college
       | to an even more expensive (today) grad school, then to art school
       | because he felt like it, and only stumbled into an actual job
       | because he was basically broke. Then he magically found an
       | incredibly affordable NYC apartment and finally was in the right
       | place at the right time to take advantage of the dot com boom and
       | again lucked his way into leaving at the right time, mostly
       | because he was burned out.
       | 
       | Don't get me wrong, pg obviously worked hard on both Viaweb and
       | Ycom, and self-taught a lot of the startup lessons that are now
       | common knowledge. But if I wrote this story as fiction with pg as
       | the main character, people would laugh at the absurdity of it.
       | For people who don't think luck is one of the biggest factors of
       | success, just read this essay.
        
         | posharma wrote:
         | Very well said.
        
         | seunosewa wrote:
         | That's because it's a honest essay, unlike most stories about
         | founders, written for PR.
        
         | Ariez wrote:
         | While it's true about the schools, I don't agree with you on
         | your other points. It seems like PG is cognizant of change
         | around and within him.
         | 
         | It wasn't by pure luck that he started Ycom, and it wasn't pure
         | luck he started Viaweb. With viaweb he had a first mover
         | advantage sure, but had already noticed tech and programming
         | were interesting and changing the world. Ycom, as he said,
         | angel investors didn't exist before Ycom. He almost created the
         | term. Hardly luck.
         | 
         | It's certainly true the moving around schools, the cheap
         | apartments etc is just not possible today.
        
           | neonate wrote:
           | > as he said, angel investors didn't exist before Ycom
           | 
           | Minor nit, but he said that about angel firms, not angel
           | investors.
        
         | jpfr wrote:
         | If you wrote the story as fiction, most non-tech readers would
         | find it boring. Somebody who is really interested in tech,
         | driven and works all day, every day.
         | 
         | For the tech-savvy readers there's a lot of stuff pg did that
         | is not directly related to his material success, but oh so
         | cool.
         | 
         | For example his book on Lisp:
         | http://www.paulgraham.com/onlisp.html
         | 
         | You don't write a book on Lisp because you want to get rich.
         | You write it because you just do it for its own sake. And then
         | he got rich immediately after publishing it.
         | 
         | What a cool move. For the nerds who can read the signals.
        
         | lifeisstillgood wrote:
         | I don't think anyone rejects the role of luck, or the role of
         | well-off supportive parents in allowing a child to explore and
         | expand their horizons.
         | 
         | We just want to make a pile ourselves so we can give that to
         | our kids.
         | 
         | As a champagne socialist I don't want to take that opportunity
         | of experience away from anyone, I just want to ensure everyone
         | has such opportunities.
         | 
         | I reckon we only need to increase global wealth by another
         | couple of orders of magnitude and job done!
         | 
         | :-)
        
         | mattkrause wrote:
         | I mostly agree, but it's unlikely he paid tuition for grad
         | school; most PhD programs come with a tuition waver and a
         | (small) stipend, in exchange for research/teaching.
        
         | breck wrote:
         | Who in the world doesn't think luck isn't the biggest factor in
         | success? There are 100 PGs that were on the same path but got
         | hit by a car, or early cancer, or killed in war, et cetera.
         | 
         | Just because he was born on mile 10 when others born on the
         | same day in a poorer part of the world were born at mile 1,
         | doesn't mean that making it to mile 1,000,000 isn't impressive.
         | 
         | If you think life is all about luck, and that where you are
         | born is where you will die, and the decisions you make along
         | the way are irrelevant, then that will probably be your fate.
         | 
         | I read an essay where sure, someone won the ovarian lottery
         | (like 800K people do every year by definition), but he then
         | goes on to higher and higher wrungs, and frequently throughout
         | the essay mentions people that helped him out to hit each next
         | rung. Then once he was successful went on to help thousands of
         | people directly, and many orders of magnitude times that
         | indirectly.
         | 
         | Lots of people are born a lot "luckier" then PG and then do
         | nothing for others, or even worse try and pull the ladder up
         | from those behind them.
        
         | abhinav22 wrote:
         | Luck may be one of the biggest factors of success but it's one
         | outside of our control. So no need to pocket watch other
         | people's luckyness;)
         | 
         | I say this as somebody who always complains of being unlucky.
         | What I've noticed is that luck plays a role, but you have to
         | have the right mindset to take advantage of the opportunity.
         | This is a very difficult thing to do and not a given by any
         | means. Most people probably say they are unlucky but actually
         | they were not good enough.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | abraae wrote:
         | Privileged yes, meandering yes, but according to a pattern of
         | following things that were interesting to him.
         | 
         | That's perhaps why he found himself in the right place and the
         | right time.
         | 
         | Takes some balls to live life like that instead of following
         | the road more travelled.
        
         | rjbwork wrote:
         | Yeah this is what struck me as well. I and a number of my
         | compatriots in high school had the ability to go to very
         | prestigious institutions, but only a couple of us did - largely
         | those from the worst off families economically as they were
         | given full scholarships. None completed their degrees there
         | however. The life of someone that privileged is pretty hard to
         | relate to indeed, and that coming from someone who considers
         | himself rather privileged in the first place.
        
         | zozbot234 wrote:
         | > For people who don't think luck is one of the biggest factors
         | of success, just read this essay.
         | 
         | Luck has always been the biggest factor of success _in
         | "superstar", high-visibility, bubble-powered fields_. You don't
         | hear about all the people who _weren 't_ similarly lucky.
        
         | gvb wrote:
         | "Unlucky people miss chance opportunities because they are too
         | focused on looking for something else. They go to parties
         | intent on finding their perfect partner, and so miss
         | opportunities to make good friends. They look through the
         | newspaper determined to find certain job advertisements and, as
         | a result, miss other types of jobs. Lucky people are more
         | relaxed and open, and therefore see what is there, rather than
         | just what they are looking for."
         | 
         | -- Richard Wiseman
        
         | pdimitar wrote:
         | Yep. People have gotten the gray comment treatment in the past
         | here on HN for expressing views like yours.
         | 
         | I can't help but think that PG's life story draws to it a
         | clique of people who are convinced there's a clear-cut recipe
         | to success and that reading PG's articles will give them that
         | recipe.
         | 
         | Now let's be clear: there _is_ such a thing as  "have enough
         | brains to utilize opportunity when it lands on your shoulder".
         | There absolutely is! And people have been failing at life for
         | missing them. So I am not disputing THAT part of PG's skill-
         | set. He obviously made a very good use of his luck.
         | 
         | Some people have pointed at Eminem's success story as a better
         | example. But I still disagree; Eminem was (likely still is) a
         | genius at what he does but his success also came from
         | influential people being present at a very niche and unknown
         | event in a shady part of the town.
         | 
         | So, again, luck. His iconic song "Lose Yourself" is IMO a good
         | illustration of the concept.
         | 
         | I think motivational stories about success will be much better
         | if the successful people:
         | 
         | 1. Make it crystal clear what background they came from;
         | 
         | 2. Analyze how they made use of the plentiful opportunity that
         | was thrown their way;
         | 
         | 3. Coach people on how to maximally utilize an opportunity when
         | it comes to you.
         | 
         | Especially #3 is something that I think our hustle culture
         | could use much more material on.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | I think we see what we're predisposed to see in these things.
         | When I read the essay, what stood out to me was how long he got
         | by with almost no money. Living on $7 a day etc.
         | 
         | If there's privilege here (and if we're using that word in
         | something other than the Twitter putdown sense), it was more
         | intellectual than financial. He has clearly always been single-
         | minded about doing what he wanted to do / was interested in,
         | and stubborn as hell about not doing what he didn't want to do.
         | That mindset may be part nature and part nurture, but at least
         | his upbringing didn't damage it, as many other people's would
         | have.
         | 
         | To me the key detail is not that pg nagged his father into
         | buying a TRS-80, not that he learned to program with it, but
         | that his father used one of pg's own programs to write an
         | entire book. That's a hell of a success for a kid, and it says
         | something profound about their relationship. Many of us had a
         | similar path to the first two of those steps, but the third
         | step branches somewhere different. Life-changingly different.
         | 
         | Edit: btw, on the matter of luck, I always remember
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1621768.
        
           | abhinav22 wrote:
           | I think it's so much more difficult these days to get
           | significant success (jobs going away to AI, more competition,
           | many of the low hanging discoveries and technologies being
           | completed - I would love to make billions writing a chat app
           | or simple CRUD database like Facebook!) that most of us are
           | predisposed to focus on the luck part of things and not the
           | hard work element.
           | 
           | I agree with you - people are missing the fact that the
           | author was able to live on a very meagre salary for years.
        
           | pdimitar wrote:
           | Agreed. An empowering upbringing is a factor with a huge
           | weight. Upbringing that actively attacks the learned
           | helplessness and never allows it to even show itself is what
           | makes people confident and be able to utilize a good luck.
        
         | aerosmile wrote:
         | This is a chicken or the egg problem. Is the type of a person
         | who has the intellectual capacity to invent the SaaS model and
         | angel investing at scale just purely lucky to have the right
         | timing for his inventions, or would that same person have
         | invented something else in case that their life was time-
         | shifted by a few years or decades or even centuries? People
         | often say that once you're lucky, twice you're good.
        
       | jll29 wrote:
       | Thanks for sharing your personal journey, Paul. Those here who
       | have followed some of your work will appreciate getting a
       | connected narrative.
       | 
       | Would you consider sharing some of your paintings as part of your
       | essays?
       | 
       | I particularly appreciate your strong desire to attain freedom in
       | life (as opposed to, say, getting rich as a primary motive).
       | 
       | What's next? You know how to do things at scale, perhaps after "Y
       | Combinator" it's time for a "p Educator" [1]? Whatever your pick,
       | I'm sure it will be worth following your journey onwards.
       | 
       | [1] paideia or paideia is Greek for "education"
        
       | nostrademons wrote:
       | This is a good essay.
       | 
       | It's interesting to contrast it with some of the
       | psychological/self-help literature around being your "true self",
       | where the true self is fluid and amorphous and avoids being
       | rigidly defined. Or with Drew Houston's commmencement address [1]
       | - "That little voice in my head was telling me where to go, and
       | the whole time I was telling it to shut up so I could get back to
       | work. Sometimes that little voice knows best." Or Steve Jobs [2]
       | - "Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward; you can
       | only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that
       | the dots will somehow connect in your future."
       | 
       | Don't ignore your emotions, particularly the niggling feelings
       | that make you do things that seem to have no purpose in your
       | grand plans but nevertheless draw you along. Don't ignore reality
       | either - that'd be putting art galleries online - but oftentimes
       | our subconscious has a better grip on reality than we give it
       | credit for.
       | 
       | [1] https://news.mit.edu/2013/drew-houstons-commencement-address
       | 
       | [2] https://singjupost.com/full-transcript-steve-jobs-stay-
       | hungr...
        
         | breck wrote:
         | The world is non linear, with discrete inflection points. Some
         | of those points are outside of your control, but some are
         | points where you made an important decision that correctly
         | anticipated a non linear outcome. All positive non linear
         | outcomes take time to compound, however, hence why you can't
         | connect the positive dots until enough time has passed to look
         | back.
        
           | Dudeman112 wrote:
           | What do you mean by non linear there?
        
             | wizzwizz4 wrote:
             | The distant past has a disproportionate effect on the
             | future.
        
             | sjg007 wrote:
             | You meet someone who takes your life in a different
             | direction.
        
             | breck wrote:
             | not this, but something like this:                   |
             | |                                   |          |
             | /           |                                  |
             | |                                 /            |
             | /             |                                |
             | |                               /              |
             | -                       |                     /   \
             | |                   -/     |                   |
             | /       \                   |                           |
             | |         ---                                  |    ----/
             | -\                              | --/            -
             | |                                              |
             | +------------------------------------+
        
       | lifeisstillgood wrote:
       | >>> What these programs really showed was that there's a subset
       | of natural language that's a formal language.
       | 
       | Don't take this as any fanboy stuff, but pg is still good at
       | putting big thoughts in small sentences. Its a sort of mental zip
       | function.
       | 
       | Also this is why I still type into google things like 'rubik
       | solve how-to' instead of my daughter doing "show me how to solve
       | a rubiks cube"
        
         | johnyzee wrote:
         | Yes. He is a gifted writer, very succinct. Funny that his
         | writing pursuits all seem to be incidental, like the Lisp books
         | (per his own account), and the essays, which certainly played a
         | part in his success.
        
       | ssamkough wrote:
       | This essay almost made me cry. Beautifully written and just
       | explaining what he worked on and his reasoning behind it step by
       | step. It really feels like he just followed that youthful, gut
       | feeling every step of the way. Crazy.
        
       | burntoutfire wrote:
       | To me his story of going into painting in his twenties, while
       | having never been interested in visual arts before, spending on
       | and off time on it for years and eventually abandoning it in his
       | forties sounds like a story of internal vs external motivation.
       | He WANTED to like painting, because "he could create something
       | eternal", "he wouldn't have a boss", he made himself interested
       | in it, but in the the end his natural proclivity for
       | conceptual/abstract (and not visual) thinking won over and
       | computers and writing completely dominated his creative efforts.
       | They must have been just intrinsically rewarding for him, as
       | opposed to being "good on paper" like painting was.
        
       | theunixbeard wrote:
       | Great article, especially the ending sentence cracked me up.
       | 
       | pg is such an inspiring person. Walking away from $2M per month
       | at Yahoo. To now most likely being a billionaire from personally
       | funding the YC LLC.
       | 
       | And then spending 6 years just painting, coding, writing and
       | raising a family. Living the dream.
       | 
       | Sure Elon Musk is a "cool billionaire", but in my book pg is even
       | cooler.
        
         | breck wrote:
         | > $2M per month at Yahoo
         | 
         | I had to reread this like 3 times. "per month", "per month"!
         | PG, pay me $100K and I will install some secret video game room
         | somewhere on Yahoo's campus for you to hang out a little
         | longer.
        
         | iainctduncan wrote:
         | Infinitely cooler. Where the hell is Elon Musk's "On Lisp"? :-)
        
       | hardwaregeek wrote:
       | What's interesting is how much of pg's early life was spent in
       | preparation. Of course, it wasn't obviously preparation at the
       | time, but art school + computer science PhD is a rare and
       | effective combo. It's almost the complete opposite of the
       | standard college dropout founder archetype. I recently read a
       | hilariously titled book, "What Tech Calls Thinking" that's a
       | pretty scathing analysis of the tech world. But one accurate
       | point the author makes is that the college dropout founder
       | usually doesn't have that much domain specific experience. Unless
       | you come into college extremely well prepared, you're probably
       | going to spend your first few years doing core and introductory
       | classes. It's pretty unlikely you're going to get to the top 1%
       | of a field within the first two years of college.
       | 
       | With pg, it's at the complete opposite extreme. I mean, ffs who
       | does an PhD and then decides to go to art school? I'm curious on
       | whether pg believes he would have done well had he done a startup
       | immediately after undergrad. Considering how much Lisp played a
       | factor, I doubt it. What about post-PhD and pre-art school? I'm
       | not sure either; the art school did have a strong influence as
       | well.
       | 
       | Another aspect that I liked was the duality of art and CS. I can
       | relate to it, as I have a pretty big obsession with film and CS.
       | Sometimes it feels like an endless tug of war between the two;
       | one always distracting me from the other. It's fascinating seeing
       | someone else handle that struggle.
        
       | janvdberg wrote:
       | Any chance pg publishes this as an audio file voiced by himself?
       | It feels like a personal story, so it would be fitting.
        
       | Gollapalli wrote:
       | >Around this time, in the spring of 2000, I had an idea. It was
       | clear from our experience with Viaweb that web apps were the
       | future. Why not build a web app for making web apps? Why not let
       | people edit code on our server through the browser, and then host
       | the resulting applications for them? [9] You could run all sorts
       | of services on the servers that these applications could use just
       | by making an API call: making and receiving phone calls,
       | manipulating images, taking credit card payments, etc....
       | 
       | >The language for defining applications would of course be a
       | dialect of Lisp. But I wasn't so naive as to assume I could
       | spring an overt Lisp on a general audience; we'd hide the
       | parentheses, like Dylan did.
       | 
       | Well you damn near gave me a heart attack. Built the beginnings
       | of something like that, a web app that builds web apps and a
       | stream processor that builds stream processors, with apps/stream-
       | processors defined in clojure:
       | https://github.com/acgollapalli/dataworks
        
       | RhodoGSA wrote:
       | This story gives me so much hope.
       | 
       | I too have meandered around in life. Although i've always
       | 'Focused' and worked long hours, i've jumped between so many
       | projects it's hard to keep track of them all.
       | 
       | After HS i joined the air force for an enlistment, didn't care
       | for it, tried college, didn't like it so i got a year long
       | internship at tesla. Tried to go back to college for a semester
       | but I hated it so i did another year long internship at Tesla.
       | After my second internship they told me they could only hire me
       | full time if i got my degree, so I went back to school. However,
       | after a month I dropped out. Now i'm 26 and i feel like i have
       | nothing to show for it. However, this essay paired with a book
       | i've recently read called on Range gives me a bit of hope.
        
       | monadic3 wrote:
       | > But there's nothing like writing a book about something to help
       | you learn it.
       | 
       | This is the motto of silicon valley if I've ever heard it--all
       | the good parts and bad parts smushed into a singular brand. The
       | bad parts are pure narcissism; the good parts are more or less
       | asking "am I doing harm by investing in this predatory business"?
       | Unfortunately, the answer is mostly "yes".
        
         | dang wrote:
         | The "motto of silicon valley" is that writing a book about
         | something is a good way to help you learn it? That's kind of a
         | strange take. Lots of people who've written books, including
         | good books, have made this observation btw. That's because it's
         | true. I've heard some of them say it personally.
        
       | alberth wrote:
       | How does PG recall so much about college. I was a computer
       | science major as well. I made good grades. I went to university
       | similar to PGs.
       | 
       | I'm younger than PG and it wouldn't surprise me if I've forgotten
       | that I even took a particular class, let alone recall the
       | professor and certainly don't recall the small details described
       | by PG.
       | 
       | Just curious if I'm the only person who can't recall as vividly
       | courses as PG can.
        
         | Spinnaker_ wrote:
         | Go have a beer with a college roommate. I bet the memories will
         | come flooding back.
         | 
         | I have a terrible time recalling stuff like this. But then I
         | meet up with an old friend and I start remembering a huge
         | amount of stuff I hadn't thought about in a decade.
        
         | earthscienceman wrote:
         | Sounds like you need to start writing/journalling/blogging.
         | It's amazing how it shapes your brain's ability to remember
         | events.
        
         | endergen wrote:
         | I only recall things that I think about a lot, which tend to be
         | when I learned lessons and it had an effect on my life's
         | direction. That and anything I found really interesting I still
         | remember. For reference, I'm 42, so it's been 2 decades.
        
         | twiceinawhile wrote:
         | PG remembers because he actively tried to remember it to write
         | an essay. If you sat down and tried to write down your college
         | memories, I'm sure you'll remember many things. Your memories
         | are on the hard disk, you just have to bring it to RAM.
         | 
         | Try thinking about data structures, programming language, AI,
         | OS, networking, etc classes you took. You must remember
         | something about the lectures. If not, certainly the projects
         | that you worked on.
        
         | PhillyG wrote:
         | I graduated less than ten years ago, and I don't think I could
         | immediately name all the classes I took.
        
         | kenjackson wrote:
         | I graduated undergrad 25 years ago. I can't randomly recall
         | tons, but there is some random stuff I do remember -- like
         | getting an F on my first test in Numerical Analysis, but then
         | ending with the highest score in the class for the quarter
         | (yes, a lot of people failed every test).
         | 
         | But I still have my old course catalog and flipping through
         | that, a lot of memories jump to mind in classes I totally
         | forgot I had. So I think with some prompts you can probably
         | remember a lot more than you think.
        
         | wglb wrote:
         | Many of my courses are deeply etched in my memories. Static
         | Fields followed by Dynamic Fields in the EE department. A
         | survey course covering Lisp, Snobol, and Prolog. A C99 class
         | covering engineering traffic flow. My first Fortran course
         | where I figured out how to get the compiler to spit assembly
         | language. A course in General Semantics which vastly influenced
         | my thinking. Linear Algebra course, which was the only college
         | math course that I aced. The beginning circuits course learning
         | about Kirchhoff's law. A control system theory class. And
         | working with my eventual advisor who was studying control feed
         | back systems that caused the Bonneville Power Administration
         | network to oscillate in frequency.
         | 
         | And there was a lot of non-class stuff that you seem to get
         | just hanging around, like the Marshall McLuhan medium talk,
         | Larry Atkins who wrote the champion chess program that ran on
         | the CDC 6600 (No, he would insist, it is not Artificial
         | Intelligence--just good engineering). Reading Dijkstra's paper
         | "GOTO considered harmful" which was absolutely true in spades
         | for Fortran II. Keypunching jobs for running in the batch
         | processing mode of the CDC 6600. And seriously fun co-op jobs.
        
         | munificent wrote:
         | Reminiscing is an active process. Sit down and really spent
         | some time reawakening those memories and you'll be surprised
         | what comes back.
        
       | williesleg wrote:
       | Who the F is Paul Graham?
        
       | bluefox wrote:
       | Graham says Arc had to be frozen because other programs depended
       | on it. Indeed, much of Lisp language design came about by demands
       | of the applications that used it.
       | 
       | So, is Bel finished or still changing? Are there other programs
       | that depend on it? If Bel is developed "axiomatically", maybe not
       | programs, but more thinking about the theory of computation may
       | be its driver of change.
        
       | jzer0cool wrote:
       | In retrospect, knowing what you know now, what would you have
       | done different, or really glad what you did in the past? Can you
       | share an excerpt on translating some of this and how it might
       | apply to us today - what would you encourage us to be doing now.
        
       | lazybreather wrote:
       | On a side note, Robert Morris served 3 years probation according
       | to his Wiki. He also served community service and paid fines.
       | Would be interesting details.
        
       | staunch wrote:
       | Some are lamenting that PG's work on Bel doesn't seem meaningful
       | in terms of the practical programming world of building things,
       | like many of us do in our jobs.
       | 
       | But I think Bel is best viewed as PG painting with code. He lost
       | interest in using acrylic and canvas, so he turned to his
       | favorite paintbrush and canvas: vim and Lisp. And created art
       | with it. And, at least for some people, Bel is beautiful art that
       | provokes deep thoughts and insights. It's unquestionably his own
       | signature style of art.
        
       | deedubaya wrote:
       | What struck me most about this essay is the privilege required to
       | make it all possible. From educational institution to educational
       | institution changing focus and whimsically studying other fields
       | without much care for how to make a living or how it all would be
       | paid for. Perhaps just omitted from the story because it wasn't
       | relevant or doesn't need explaining.
       | 
       | Kids these days sure don't have it so lucky, and if they do, well
       | then they probably already hit the jackpot at birth.
       | 
       | How many fewer pgs will we have tomorrow because of the financial
       | burdens and inefficiencies of higher education today?
        
         | king_panic wrote:
         | Exactly 4 fewer pgs
        
       | zuhayeer wrote:
       | "It wasn't happening in a class, like it was supposed to, but
       | that was ok"
       | 
       | Summary of the college experience even today. You have to go
       | outside the classroom to learn and do the most interesting
       | things. But because those interesting things happen in proximity
       | to a university campus, college is still pretty valuable.
       | 
       | Also relevant: "In other words, like many a grad student, I was
       | working energetically on multiple projects that were not my
       | thesis"
        
       | lawwantsin17 wrote:
       | the world's most boring essayist.
        
       | Grimm1 wrote:
       | > My stories were awful. They had hardly any plot, just
       | characters with strong feelings, which I imagined made them deep.
       | 
       | My thought is a bit of an asides from the main essay content but
       | this applies to real people as well as story characters, just
       | because someone has feelings strongly doesn't mean anything other
       | than that. A few of my strongest feelings about various things
       | are rather mundane and at worst destructive. Doesn't make them
       | deeper than a puddle.
       | 
       | Strength of a thing is a bad proxy for depth, complexity or
       | interest.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | "Suffering is not a personality," as the old advice goes.
        
       | chrisaycock wrote:
       | > _during the first year of grad school I realized that AI, as
       | practiced at the time, was a hoax._
       | 
       | I had a similar realization during grad school about a lot of the
       | popular topics at the time (early 2000s). I even used to call
       | them "the hoaxes of computer science". Things like grid computing
       | or formal methods of software engineering had a lot of resources
       | behind them, but nobody was able to use the results. Instead,
       | very different formats of these ideas are what took root: cloud
       | computing and advanced type systems.
       | 
       | > _the low end eats the high end: that it 's good to be the
       | "entry level" option, even though that will be less prestigious,
       | because if you're not, someone else will be, and will squash you
       | against the ceiling._
       | 
       | I wish every grad student had been forced to memorize this
       | statement. Build something useable, not clever.
        
         | dekhn wrote:
         | I don't agree about grid computing. Many scientists got work
         | done with it on aggregations of clusters. LIGO used pyGlobus to
         | transfer large amounts of scientific data.
        
           | earthscienceman wrote:
           | Absolutely. Things that were commercial failures were often
           | huge successes in the scientific community. If you don't see
           | why something is popular it's probably not because it's
           | useless, it's probably because you aren't the intended user.
           | Which is fine but a very different conclusion.
        
           | mateo411 wrote:
           | There were many cool things about grid computing and I think
           | they got some of the abstractions right.
           | 
           | However, there was a larger gap in what was actually possible
           | and what people claimed was possible. You'll see this gap in
           | other software. However, if you compare the difference to
           | what AWS says it can do to what it actually does, that's a
           | pretty big difference.
           | 
           | The quality of the systems developed by a large company with
           | of resources is going to be much better than a collaboration
           | of different scientists and software engineering groups at
           | different national labs and universities.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | And the early beowulf cluster stuff was definitely breaking
           | new ground, and is the direct ancestor of the most powerful
           | supercomputers in the world right now.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | An alternative that seems to work is chasing grants, or defense
         | contracts.
         | 
         | But then the choice becomes "build something usable, or only
         | work for someone who hired a 'grant writer' that is making
         | 125-250% of your salary"
        
           | alisonkisk wrote:
           | I don't have the skill to be a grant writer, so I don't
           | begrudge their pay. Grant writer isn't a job you get through
           | nepotism.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | I knew someone who worked at a defense research group.
             | Their head grant writer was pulling in 3x of the senior
             | developers because he tried to quit and they had to make an
             | offer he couldn't pass up.
             | 
             | Usually you don't counter-offer at all, and you don't throw
             | money at someone like that unless there's a damned good
             | reason.
        
         | dsr_ wrote:
         | Rather than an outright hoax, I like the term "fad". There are
         | fads in technology, some of which are directly inspired by what
         | has become possible and some of which are mutations of of other
         | ideas. Some fads have more worth or more longevity than others
         | -- in the world of clothing, denim jeans are now a foundation
         | on which to build; I might consider object-oriented language
         | features to be similar.
        
           | DataWorker wrote:
           | Like stocks, you can buy ideas "low" and sell them "high."
           | Some ideas are cyclical too, AI, mainframes/cloud, etc... And
           | this extends beyond tech for instance "equity" is currently
           | hot but that may be short lived which is unfortunate.
        
         | sjg007 wrote:
         | > the low end eats the high end: that it's good to be the
         | "entry level" option, even though that will be less
         | prestigious, because if you're not, someone else will be, and
         | will squash you against the ceiling.
         | 
         | This happens with jobs too.. especially software jobs. Nobody
         | wants to do software QA, want to know how to get a software
         | engineering job when the market is tight or otherwise
         | inaccessible... software QA.
        
         | zozbot234 wrote:
         | > Things like grid computing or formal methods of software
         | engineering had a lot of resources behind them, but nobody was
         | able to use the results. Instead, very different formats of
         | these ideas are what took root: cloud computing and advanced
         | type systems.
         | 
         | The clearest example of this dynamic is probably the "Fifth
         | Generation Computing Systems" initiative, which was described
         | as a "hoax" for a long time but managed to characterize quite
         | closely the way computing would ultimately be done in the 2010s
         | and will probably be done in the 2020s.
         | 
         | Though that particular initiative had some deeply weird focus
         | on using Prolog-derived query languages for _everything_ ,
         | which ultimely failed because that whole paradigm lacked
         | compositionality and was not feasibly extensible to
         | concurrent/parallel compute (which was obviously a big focus of
         | FGCS). Functional programming has proven a lot more influential
         | overall.
        
           | ngcc_hk wrote:
           | And target to play go ... well at least that objective is
           | done.
        
         | sdevonoes wrote:
         | Funny because I do have the same feeling these days: that ML is
         | a hoax. Even funnier: I do have a master's degree in ML.
        
           | nerdponx wrote:
           | You can't have a master's in ML and seriously argue this.
           | 
           | It doesn't even make sense, it's like saying marijuana is a
           | hoax because my uncle smokes pot and still got cancer.
           | 
           | Here are some alternative statements that make more sense
           | (and contain more truth):
           | 
           | * There is a lot of snake oil and outright fraud being sold
           | to unwitting managers.
           | 
           | * There is a lot of empty hype being fed to general public
           | through the pop sci media and mainstream news.
           | 
           | * Deep learning specifically has not borne fruit in all
           | (edit: or even most) problem domains.
           | 
           | * Lack of good quality data (and qualified people to analyze
           | it) is a bigger problem than lack of advanced models and
           | computing power.
        
             | zozbot234 wrote:
             | > Lack of good quality data (and qualified people to
             | analyze it) is a bigger problem than lack of advanced
             | models and computing power.'
             | 
             | There's plenty of data and compute power, but what's often
             | lacking in the ML field is precisely models that reflect
             | reasonable priors for one's given use case. Good feature
             | engineering (often relying on domain experts) is similarly
             | underrated. You see this again and again when looking at
             | how robust SOTA results are achieved. In a way, this means
             | that good (non-"hoax") ML is ultimately a lot more similar
             | to traditional statistics than most practitioners are
             | willing to acknowledge.
        
               | teataster wrote:
               | While I wholeheartedly agree with your point, he said
               | good quality data. I am currently working with real
               | estate data. There is no way of knowing whether an entry
               | in the database is a house or a house's floor. I had a
               | project at a death insurance company (they pay your
               | funeral). They had customers dying and coming back to
               | life. You would say those are core business issues that
               | should be dealt with.
        
               | nerdponx wrote:
               | Very good point and well-said.
        
           | timr wrote:
           | It isn't a hoax, but the OP is exactly right: if it were more
           | usable, people would see it for what it is, and not for what
           | the silly media narrative makes it sounds like.
           | 
           | As long as your technology is only usable by a high
           | priesthood, you can make it look like magic.
        
             | nerdponx wrote:
             | Why do people feel entitled to "usable" ML at all?
             | 
             | In the last 5 years, we have made incomprehensibly huge
             | improvements in power and usability. It's an active field,
             | and improvements are still coming at a steady pace.
             | 
             | We have already revolutionized search, natural language
             | processing & machine translation, image/audio/video
             | processing, robotics, game AI, and advertising (for better
             | or worse).
             | 
             | And on top of all this, we have significantly reduced the
             | "time to first useful model", and we have significantly
             | lowered the math and programming requirements for building
             | and implementing models. And now we have transfer learning,
             | which lets any old Joe Schmo benefit from massive computing
             | power and datasets to build small on-device models that
             | blow away SOTA accuracy from even a few years ago.
             | 
             | Oh, and the ML tooling ecosystem has become a substantial
             | source of innovation in programming language design,
             | "developer UX", and "data ops".
             | 
             | What the fuck more do you want? The people who seem the
             | most upset that ML isn't magic seem to be the most confused
             | about what ML even is and does.
        
               | timr wrote:
               | > Why do people feel entitled to "usable" ML at all?
               | 
               | Yeah, people are annoying, with their demands to _use_
               | software themselves. It would be much easier for everyone
               | if computers were controlled by an elite group of
               | engineers who could hide the complexity from the rest of
               | us. Perhaps they could wear labcoats.
               | 
               | > What the fuck more do you want?
               | 
               | If I knew the answer to that, life would be a lot
               | simpler.
        
               | dang wrote:
               | > Yeah, people are annoying, with their demands to use
               | software themselves. It would be much easier for everyone
               | if computers were controlled by an elite group of
               | engineers who could hide the complexity from the rest of
               | us. Perhaps they could wear labcoats.
               | 
               | That's clearly not what nerdponx meant. Can you please
               | stick to the site guidelines? " _Please respond to the
               | strongest plausible interpretation of what someone says,
               | not a weaker one that 's easier to criticize. Assume good
               | faith._" https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
               | 
               | > If I knew the answer to that, life would be a lot
               | simpler.
               | 
               | That was a nice de-escalation.
        
               | timr wrote:
               | > That's clearly not what nerdponx meant.
               | 
               | I disagree. I made a straightforward interpretation of
               | what was written. Given what came after the part I
               | quoted, you really have to stretch to interpret it
               | differently.
               | 
               | The OP _underscored_ the same point using profanity.
               | 
               | I made a response that was clearly sardonic, attempting
               | to be funny.
        
               | oivey wrote:
               | You can say, with your voice, "who won the Super Bowl
               | last year?" to a device that fits in your pocket and it
               | responds with its own voice with the correct answer.
               | That's pretty accessible.
        
               | nerdponx wrote:
               | _Yeah, people are annoying, with their demands to use
               | software themselves. It would be much easier for everyone
               | if computers were controlled by an elite group of
               | engineers who could hide the complexity from the rest of
               | us. Perhaps they could wear labcoats._
               | 
               | What are you even talking about?
               | 
               | It sounds like you're upset that cutting-edge technology
               | still requires training & expertise to use and deploy
               | effectively in industry.
        
               | dang wrote:
               | Hey, can you please not take HN threads further into
               | flamewar? We're trying to avoid that sort of thing here.
               | If a comment contains a swipe, please don't escalate.
               | Also, it's good to check if there's something in your
               | earlier comment that might have been provocative in its
               | own right (which there was: "What the fuck more do you
               | want?" is a hop flameward).
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
               | nerdponx wrote:
               | Thank you for keeping an eye on things.
        
           | colincooke wrote:
           | There are many many practical example of modern ML
           | (especially DL). Would be interesting to hear why you think
           | those examples are not indicative of a field which is
           | useful/not a hoax.
        
             | whatshisface wrote:
             | Word on the street is the level of superficially attractive
             | papers with no merit is very high in ML literature.
        
               | colincooke wrote:
               | That is absolutely correct, but is sadly the case in a
               | lot of fields. It doesn't mean that the practical results
               | we see (AlphaFold, Imagenet Performance, NLP performance,
               | Robotic control with RL) isn't amazing progress.
               | 
               | Luckily due to so many people using ML these days, what's
               | useful vs. fluff gets sorted out over time.
        
               | skybrian wrote:
               | Is AlphaFold a practical result? Winning a competition
               | isn't the same as production use. It would be interesting
               | to read about how it's being used.
               | 
               | This is a good list of promising work, but showing
               | practicality would need more explanation.
        
               | beowulfey wrote:
               | In theory it should be practical. The first generation
               | has been adapted by other teams into excellent prediction
               | servers that can be used now. The second gen is way more
               | hush hush and has yet to be vetted, so we'll have to see.
               | I am watching for news of it eagerly!
        
               | alisonkisk wrote:
               | It's a fair question. Is DeepMind famous for its
               | amazingly smart toys because it's useful similarly-smart
               | stuff is secret? Or public but boring? Or doesn't exist?
               | 
               | (similar for Boston Dynamics, and IBM Watson)
        
           | nmfisher wrote:
           | Have you used speech recognition (or speech synthesis)
           | lately? It's incredible, leaps and bounds ahead of where it
           | was a decade ago.
           | 
           | Not everything in ML is as rosy as the papers make it out to
           | be, but to call it a "hoax" is going way too far.
        
             | fungiblecog wrote:
             | I think the "hoax" is conflating ML with a general
             | artificial intelligence
        
             | aborsy wrote:
             | There are a lot of things that look incredible, but don't
             | constitute much progress scientifically.
             | 
             | For example, a rocket landing on moon looks incredible. But
             | I don't think physicists would consider moon landing
             | notable progress.
             | 
             | So, with data and compute you could do applications.
        
               | btilly wrote:
               | Do you have any idea how many areas of science were
               | opened up by our attempt to get to the Moon?
               | 
               | The range is literally from discovering that unit tests
               | are good in software to discovering the Van Allen belts
               | to learning about the geology and history of the Moon
               | from the rocks that we brought back.
               | 
               | Could we have learned more science by doing something
               | else with the money? Of course. But it is a dramatic
               | overstatement to say that the Apollo program didn't
               | "constitute any progress scientifically."
        
               | aborsy wrote:
               | Yes, and I tell you very few if any.
               | 
               | If you don't believe an anonymous person here, see what
               | prominent physicists say clearly on this topic, e.g.,
               | Steven Weinberg.
               | 
               | This is not to dismiss experimental research which is
               | quite important, but to distinguish (experimental or
               | theoretical) science from product development.
        
               | btilly wrote:
               | Why don't we see what he says?
               | 
               | In https://www.thespacereview.com/article/1037/1 you'll
               | find that he is very critical of manned spaceflight in
               | general, but about Apollo he says, "No, at the time of
               | Apollo, the astronauts did do some useful things. They
               | brought back Lunar samples. They placed a laser reflector
               | on the Moon that has been used ever since to monitor the
               | motion of the Moon with incredible accuracy."
               | 
               | Earlier in the same interview he criticized NASA for
               | canceling Apollo 18 and 19 because he wanted the science
               | that would have been done, to be done.
               | 
               | I guess he didn't say what you thought he said.
               | 
               | That said, his criticism of NASA's efforts with manned
               | flight isn't because he doesn't think that it is useless
               | to go to the moon. It is because it takes a lot of work
               | to get humans there, and robots can do the job much more
               | safely and cheaper. Which also explains why he thought
               | Apollo was useful. At the time the technology of robotics
               | was much worse so humans were the only way to do the job.
        
               | aborsy wrote:
               | By the way, Edward Teller shared the same view.
               | 
               | If I recall correctly, an interviewer asks him about the
               | scientific impact of landing on moon. He says, "it was
               | there, but it not that great" and "I think it was money
               | spent on public amusement, and from all money spent on
               | public amusement this money was best spent"
               | 
               | I am not pushing this view; just a relevant comment.
               | 
               | -- update, exact statement
               | 
               | I think this was not money spent on science. It was money
               | spent on an extremely important aspect of technology, and
               | it was money spent on public amusement. And from all
               | money spent on public amusement this chunk of money was
               | best spent. [The scientific value], it was there but it
               | was not very great.
        
               | aborsy wrote:
               | He is critical of manned space flight and says plainly in
               | a number of his talks, recalling from the top of my head,
               | "man spaceflight has costed such and such billions of
               | dollars and has produced nothing of scientific value" or
               | "this was sold to public as a scientific project but it's
               | nothing of the sort", and that "it's all done on earth."
               | 
               | He mentions one area, but then says, "but actually that
               | could have been done much cheaper using unmanned robots"
               | 
               | I agree costs are issue here; money that could have been
               | better spent.
        
               | whistle650 wrote:
               | This feels like a very sterile view of science and it's
               | actual history and practice. I was recently remembering
               | how Marconi's puzzling success in sending a transatlantic
               | wireless signal stimulated the discovery of the
               | ionosphere.
        
           | sorenjan wrote:
           | I think it depends on what you call it. Instead of calling it
           | AI or even ML you could call it pattern recognition or
           | automatic model parameter estimation, but it doesn't sound as
           | cool.
        
           | ve55 wrote:
           | Something can be both legitimately revolutionary/interesting,
           | but also significantly over-hyped and misrepresented, often
           | with strong for-profit incentives. Some recent good examples
           | of this include progress in cryptocurrencies,
           | decentralization, and ML/AI.
        
             | zozbot234 wrote:
             | Sure, but many people disagree that ML itself is
             | revolutionary. The basics of it were known (referred to,
             | quite appropriately, as 'data mining') as early as the
             | 1990s and perhaps earlier. We've added a smattering of new
             | techniques since then, and compute power has been expanded
             | via GPGPU, but there was no "revolutionary" shift in the
             | field. Even multi-layer ("deep") neural networks are very
             | old tech.
        
               | rorykoehler wrote:
               | As evidenced by gpt3 we still don't know the best way to
               | use deep learning. More data improved the outcome
               | dramatically. What else might surprise us?
        
               | colincooke wrote:
               | The smattering of new techniques seem to have made the
               | difference between success on toy problems vs. being able
               | to match or exceed human performance on many difficult
               | tasks. So while naysayers are correct that "the math
               | hasn't changed since the 90s!", enough has changed to
               | make calling DL a paradigm shift accurate.
               | 
               | For reference, I can now get an intern to images for a
               | few hours, then train a black box algorithm to automate
               | their efforts in another few hours. This algorithm is
               | sensitive, brittle, and may have perfomance issues, but
               | it's still already orders of magnitudes better than what
               | took days or months of effort prior. That to me is a
               | revolution, regardless of the math.
        
               | tasogare wrote:
               | > then train a black box algorithm
               | 
               | This is part of the problem. Finding a the value of a few
               | hyperparameters is hardly something I consider
               | interesting science.
        
               | gugagore wrote:
               | In the recent success stories on images, audio, and text,
               | it's not "a few hyperparameters" by any stretch of the
               | imagination.
               | 
               | That's like saying "finding the sequence of assembly
               | instructions / nucleotides / ... is hardly something I
               | consider interesting science"
        
               | nerdponx wrote:
               | Come on, really?
               | 
               | Electric motors and lithium batteries aren't new either.
               | So much for the EV revolution, nothing to see here.
        
               | xirbeosbwo1234 wrote:
               | I assume you're being sarcastic, but there actually isn't
               | anything to see. Plug-in hybrids blow any EV out of the
               | water and will do so the foreseeable future. They're
               | cheaper, lighter, just as efficient on short trips, and
               | much more practical on long trips.
               | 
               | Hybrid vehicles are the practical option today. Pure
               | gasoline vehicles are outmoded and EVs are all hype.
        
               | UncleMeat wrote:
               | Perceptrons are indeed old tech. But try training models
               | for even something as simple as handwriting recognition
               | using techniques from the 90s and modern techniques but
               | with the same training set and compute resources. You'll
               | get much better results with the modern stuff.
        
       | khaldiamer wrote:
       | > If you're curious why my site looks so old-fashioned, it's
       | because it's still made with this software. It may look clunky
       | today, but in 1996 it was the last word in slick.)
       | 
       | Exactly when I was thinking about that.
        
       | ngcc_hk wrote:
       | What a life. Love the 2nd advice very much.
        
       | vincentmarle wrote:
       | I have pretty much the same disorganized life story, except I
       | didn't get rich, and I'm still trying to figure out what to do.
        
       | meagher wrote:
       | If you want to read with more readable (I think) formatting,
       | check out this CSS proxy site I made: https://pg-
       | essays.now.sh/worked.html
        
         | Brajeshwar wrote:
         | I have set few websites to default to the reader-mode.
         | http://paulgraham.com is one of them.
         | 
         | Here is how:
         | https://www.dropbox.com/s/c55fa4aqqu9mmph/CleanShot%202021-0...
        
         | bpodgursky wrote:
         | I find PG's website far more readable than Hacker News...
        
         | hota_mazi wrote:
         | Yes, it's baffling to me that pg still hasn't understood that
         | the essence of the web is to let clients handle the formatting.
         | 
         | Instead, he actively puts <br> at the end of each line to
         | prevent exactly that.
        
         | inbx0 wrote:
         | Don't know if you are interested in feedback for the site, but
         | IMO the low contrast of the gray hurts to read. I don't mean
         | this as a knee jerk "all text must be #000 on #fff" reaction,
         | but maybe something like --color-body: hsl(0, 0%, 10%) would be
         | a good compromise.
        
           | endergen wrote:
           | Ha, I think Dark Mode would be more on hacker point!
        
           | meagher wrote:
           | Definitely https://github.com/tmm/pg-essays
        
       | grayrest wrote:
       | > If you zoom in on the Upper East Side, there's a tiny corner
       | that's not rich, or at least wasn't in 1993. It's called
       | Yorkville, and that was my new home.
       | 
       | From my apartment at 83rd & 1st, it still isn't particularly
       | rich. I thought it'd change with the new subway line opening but
       | I haven't noticed much of a difference.
        
       | BrandonM wrote:
       | Awesome ending. Thanks for everything, pg.
        
       | judofyr wrote:
       | > Working on Bel was hard but satisfying. I worked on it so
       | intensively that at any given time I had a decent chunk of the
       | code in my head and could write more there.
       | 
       | I'll have to say reading this makes me feel a bit sad for pg. It
       | seems that he worked on Bel extensively for four years, and the
       | end result was something which appeared on the front page of
       | Hacker News for one day and then disappeared. I haven't seen it
       | mentioned in _any_ community which are actively working on
       | programming language design (e.g. Rust, Zig, TypeScript). Maybe
       | he 's happy with the result regardless of how useful people have
       | found it, but surely it must be somewhat disappointing to see it
       | go unnoticed by?
        
         | guytv wrote:
         | Bel is painting in code.
         | 
         | Like all good paintings it goes unnoticed in its time.
         | 
         | It might become a classic in the future, it might be forgotten.
        
         | pyb wrote:
         | As a Lisper, I had not been able to understand what Bel was
         | when it was released, and still do not understand it after
         | reading the shorter explanation in this post.
         | 
         | Does anyone else feel the same ? Perhaps this project just
         | needs to be "sold" a bit better.
        
           | abhinav22 wrote:
           | As somebody who liked reading about Bel but gave up after the
           | first paragraph of the source code, something to note is that
           | (a) most new ideas are failures, (b) I'm happy for Mr pg for
           | trying new things, I like when people try to do something
           | new, without regard for success, (c) great ideas take time to
           | be appreciated in full - it may very well be tha t Bel will
           | be a great success, but once understood by people far smarter
           | than me and (d) (importantly for me), I appreciate the
           | reminder that the path least travelled can be the most
           | rewarding and it reminds me not to lose heart in my own crazy
           | projects. I really liked the quote that the intentions on why
           | we do things is important - the going will get rough, but we
           | will persevere if we do it for the right intentions (our own
           | happiness).
           | 
           | Bel will most likely not gain traction; but the fact that Mr
           | pg spent four years and enjoyed his time developing it, makes
           | it to me a highly successful outcome for himself:) outward
           | Success is not a requirement for a successful project, the
           | only thing matters is whether we achieved our internal goals
           | on it.
        
         | sillysaurusx wrote:
         | He probably made it for himself, not to change the world. Or at
         | least you get that sense when studying it intensively.
         | 
         | I'm not sure anyone else _has_ studied it intensively, but
         | perhaps there are one or two.
         | 
         | It changed the way I code, at least. I also snagged a few of
         | the library functions for my own lisp.
        
         | _Microft wrote:
         | _> I 'll have to say reading this makes me feel a bit sad for
         | pg. It seems that he worked on Bel extensively for four years,
         | and the end result was something which appeared on the front
         | page of Hacker News for one day and then disappeared._
         | 
         | This is not unlike a doctoral dissertation. Invest years of
         | your life and effort, produce nice results, have people cheer
         | for you after you successfully defend it and then nobody cares
         | for the results anymore.
        
           | alisonkisk wrote:
           | At least a dissertation is a school project where you learn a
           | skill to use in future.
        
           | myWindoonn wrote:
           | The analogy is not great, because the f-expr-based Lisp
           | Kernel [0] _did_ arise from a doctoral dissertation, and is
           | far more interesting than Bel. The Lisp world has respect for
           | Shutt 's work but not for Graham's, and that's not by
           | accident.
           | 
           | Edit: Hey, I'm just doing what you did. You started this
           | comment thread by both posting a top-level comment, and also
           | starting replies to other folks.
           | 
           | So, uh, _have_ you read Shutt 's work on Kernel yet? Or are
           | you just going to play this out based on optics? One of us is
           | shilling for some rich fuck, and the other of us is reading
           | historical academic work.
           | 
           | [0] https://web.cs.wpi.edu/~jshutt/kernel.html
        
             | bidirectional wrote:
             | Well a more forceful version of your counter-argument would
             | be that Claude Shannon laid the foundations for the
             | information age in his thesis, rather than linking to some
             | obscure Lisp work. But really, that wasn't their point --
             | most theses go nowhere, the few that do are obvious
             | exceptions to that rule.
        
             | sillysaurusx wrote:
             | Haha. Are you going from comment thread to comment thread
             | putting down Bel while plugging other work?
             | 
             | Okay.
        
         | myWindoonn wrote:
         | There's no onomatopoeia in the English language for the kind of
         | laughter that I'm currently emitting. There have been plenty of
         | technical examinations of Bel [0]; it's just not novel.
         | 
         | [0] https://lobste.rs/s/jec21l/thought_leaders_chicken_sexers
        
           | AlexCoventry wrote:
           | There's no techincal examination of Bel in that essay. It's a
           | dismissive aside at the end, based on threads the author
           | perceives in Graham's intellectual history.
        
             | myWindoonn wrote:
             | There's a couple good comments in the discussion thread. In
             | particular, there's a comment halfway down the page which
             | points out that Bel's original introduction [0] has only a
             | few specific characteristics (metacircularity, long
             | contemplative period before implementation, formal methods)
             | and that those have been core concepts in the Lisp
             | community for decades.
             | 
             | [0] https://github.com/alephyud/bel
        
               | dang wrote:
               | If you mean https://lobste.rs/s/jec21l/thought_leaders_ch
               | icken_sexers#c_..., that's not serious criticism. (And
               | like the other article, is obviously motivated by some
               | extrinsic animosity. Articles like that get reactions
               | based on how people already feel. Those who share the
               | animosity like the hit, those who don't don't.)
               | 
               | pg's idea for Bel was to express _existing_ programming
               | language constructs in the style of McCarthy 's original
               | Lisp, so to complain that it doesn't introduce new ones
               | misses the point. You can't make serious criticism
               | without knowing what the project was trying to achieve.
               | (Actually, IIRC, Bel does contain a couple of unusual
               | constructs for a Lisp, but not because pg was trying to
               | invent any. They came up as side-effects of making the
               | program clearer and smaller.)
               | 
               | Similarly, it makes no sense to complain that Bel isn't
               | being used as a programming language. That's not its
               | intent. Its intent is to be the minimal executable
               | explanation of what a programming language is, in the way
               | that McCarthy's Lisp explained what computation is.
               | Obviously that would be unusably slow as a real-world
               | platform. The important thing is that it runs at all.
        
         | srcreigh wrote:
         | Bel is an uncompromising excursion into the beauty of
         | programming. His work is a consistent source of inspiration and
         | encouragement for me.
        
       | egypturnash wrote:
       | All this time spent going in and out of the art world makes me
       | wonder if there is any kind of art grant program going on in YC.
        
         | dhskdhakdh wrote:
         | I think it's fair to say that the art world's way of thinking
         | didn't rub off on Graham. It's not clear to me that he ever had
         | a genuinely creative attitude to art making. He didn't get the
         | art world and it didn't get him.
         | 
         | As a technical term, "art world" refers to the professionalized
         | aspects of art production--and explicitly not the business of
         | actually working on your art or training as an artist. It's the
         | nonsense and PR side of art.
         | 
         | When Graham says "Art galleries didn't want to be online, and
         | still don't, not the fancy ones." it really doesn't reflect the
         | reality of the most prestigious contemporary galleries like
         | Gagosian and Hauser & Wirth. They are very online, but Graham
         | clearly is just not keeping up with that. He might be thinking
         | of some tiny stuffy and elitist gallery in New York, who knows.
         | He is out of touch.
        
           | egypturnash wrote:
           | Art is my career and trust me, the "nonsense and PR side of
           | art" is an important part of making it work. One I am
           | absolutely terrible at and do the bare minimum I can get away
           | with, because it's just not fun, and because getting good at
           | it requires some very different mindsets from getting good at
           | art.
           | 
           | Anyway. I think Paul Graham should think about his time
           | trying to be an artist, take some of the absurd amounts of
           | money he's throwing around for YC and put, like, one
           | company's worth of investment into a bunch of artists. I
           | volunteer myself for the pilot program. :)
        
       | mtalantikite wrote:
       | > Well, how had I chosen what to work on in the past? I wrote an
       | essay for myself to answer that question, and I was surprised how
       | long and messy the answer turned out to be.
       | 
       | As someone that is largely in the same situation, also actively
       | looking for what's next after years and years of programming and
       | dabbling in various arts, this actually seems like a great
       | exercise. I write every morning when I wake up, have piles of
       | journals I've written, but haven't explicitly sat down to write
       | that journal entry. Thanks for the prompt!
        
       | vonnik wrote:
       | I think it's important that PG published this essay this week.
       | 
       | And that he included projects that were wildly successful (YC) as
       | well as projects that didn't get the traction he wanted (Bel). To
       | me it shows two things: 1) that some of the most successful
       | people make miscalculations about what the world needs. 2) that a
       | few of them, like PG, are courageous enough to admit that.
       | 
       | Personally, reading PG's essays and then going through YC years
       | later changed the course of my life. That is, the essays are one
       | way to change the world for the better, and they are one he's
       | very good at. I'm glad he's writing them again.
       | 
       | For any one new to tech or startups, they will introduce you to
       | new ways of thinking, and save you from a lot of mistakes.
        
         | breck wrote:
         | > as well as projects that didn't get the traction he wanted
         | (Bel)
         | 
         | Was traction his goal? I'm not sure about that. I think the ROI
         | on Bel is extremely high. It only looks small if you compare it
         | to something like YCombinator.
        
       | RNase wrote:
       | "cheap office space is no bargain if it's depressing"
       | 
       | Truly, the most valuable take away of it all.
        
       | breck wrote:
       | The bit about aliens is fascinating. If we're living in a
       | simulation Lisp seems like the best bet to research that thread.
       | Like playing with chemicals or physics models were in prior eras.
        
       | simonebrunozzi wrote:
       | > How should I choose what to do?
       | 
       | But this long essay does not really answer that.
        
         | trwhite wrote:
         | I thought it was pretty obvious: Work on what you're interested
         | in. You'll work hard on things you care about.
        
       | probe wrote:
       | _> "How should I choose what to do? Well, how had I chosen what
       | to work on in the past? I wrote an essay for myself to answer
       | that question, and I was surprised how long and messy the answer
       | turned out to be. If this surprised me, who'd lived it, then I
       | thought perhaps it would be interesting to other people, and
       | encouraging to those with similarly messy lives. So I wrote a
       | more detailed version for others to read, and this is the last
       | sentence of it."_
       | 
       | I loved the ending. The essay was primarily for him. It seems
       | that some of the best writing, similarly to the best products, is
       | when you yourself are the recipient.
        
         | breck wrote:
         | The end was a very golden braided beginning.
        
         | codazoda wrote:
         | I also find this a lovely way to write. It's much easier to
         | write to yourself than to someone else.
        
       | johnyzee wrote:
       | Great read!
       | 
       | Reading about PG doing things that don't scale (building
       | storefronts for customers), I am reminded of how Commodore became
       | a dominant player in the early computer industry. When they first
       | made the 6502 processor, Chuck Peddle would tour the country and
       | sit down with customers and design devices for them. Super high-
       | touch manual work that made no economic sense. But in the end
       | resulted in the 6502 becoming the basis for so many early
       | microcomputers, including the Apple II.
       | 
       | I'm sure there are many similar stories that illustrate the
       | wisdom of this, otherwise counterintuitive, approach.
        
         | vram22 wrote:
         | I did a fair amount of hobbyist programming on the Commodore 64
         | and BBC micros in their respective BASIC dialects and 6502
         | assembly language, and loved it. Only a bit later did I get to
         | know of higher-level languages like Pascal and then C (though C
         | is a somewhat lower-level than Pascal in some not-necessarily
         | negative ways*).
        
           | vram22 wrote:
           | > a somewhat lower-level than Pascal in some not-necessarily
           | negative ways).
           | 
           | Meant "a somewhat lower-level _language_ than Pascal "
           | 
           | Early on, I read in some book or mag that "C is a version of
           | Pascal that is not afraid to get its hands dirty". Enthused,
           | I immediately started exploring C (although came back to
           | Pascal sometime later via Delphi). Did a good amount of work
           | with it over time, including some successful product
           | development work (that was deployed in multiple client-server
           | projects as database middleware) and some interesting
           | business projects.
        
       | lackbeard wrote:
       | > When I came back to visit for a project later on, someone told
       | me about a new thing called HTML, which was, as he described it,
       | a derivative of SGML. Markup language enthusiasts were an
       | occupational hazard at Interleaf and I ignored him, but this HTML
       | thing later became a big part of my life.
       | 
       | This is hilarious writing!
        
         | wglb wrote:
         | >Markup language enthusiasts were an occupational hazard
         | 
         | I did my time with that, and happy to leave it behind.
        
       | desireco42 wrote:
       | So a weird thing is happening today. When I was a kid, like Paul,
       | I had to beg my parents to get me a computer ie. spend money on
       | it. Once I got it, I couldn't stop using it and hacking and
       | figuring things out.
       | 
       | Kids these days... :) have everything, I made sure my kids have
       | all good equipment, they have good instruction but they are kind
       | of not interested it all.
       | 
       | If they do something, this is more to please me, as they are good
       | kids, but they would spend all day playing Roblox and watching
       | Youtube.
       | 
       | Not sure if you have some insights that can help me be better
       | parent and support them better.
        
         | quacked wrote:
         | Another commenter already identified the meat of the problem;
         | you were restricted access to computers, whereas your children
         | are not. Here is an article about that exact conundrum, on the
         | concept of "antagonistic learning":
         | https://medium.com/@ThingMaker/educ-103-antagonistic-learnin...
         | 
         | If you DM me, I will be happy to send you a list of similar
         | essays that explore the concept of learning and teaching and
         | why it's done poorly these days. I suggest you start with the
         | essays and writing of John Taylor Gatto; his writings were
         | ludicrously inspirational to me. Here is the first article I
         | ever read that made me realize that I was a deficient learner
         | and had never truly engaged in learning:
         | https://www.cantrip.org/gatto.html
         | 
         | Consider that Roblox and Youtube are essentially slot machines
         | for dopamine. If you want to engage with your children as
         | creative, disciplined learning machines, they must be weaned
         | off of addictive superstimulus-coded platforms, which is damn
         | near impossible given the tech demands of modern school. I
         | don't have any advice for you on that front, except that the
         | more time you can spend with them the better. Perhaps you can
         | start by playing Roblox and watching YouTube videos with them
         | (taking care to only offer them positive and genuinely
         | interested feedback on what they choose to do), and after
         | they've built you into their habits, begin steering them
         | towards more productive activities.
        
           | dang wrote:
           | Btw, HN doesn't have DMs and your email address isn't public.
           | (It's on my list to make that explicit on the profile page.)
           | So if you want to be contactable, you need to say how in your
           | About field.
        
             | quacked wrote:
             | Hey, thanks. I'll do that.
        
         | mrmonkeyman wrote:
         | You are made for this, they are not. Nothing else.
         | Accessibility has nothing to do with it. I had access all I
         | wanted, still loved it to death. Couldn't stand not spending
         | time on hacking. It's in the genes or something.
        
         | breck wrote:
         | I had to do the same thing and thought that was funny. I still
         | remember I had been saving my paper route money for a while and
         | my dad took me out on a walk and after some silence him saying
         | "Breck, I've decided to help you buy the computer.". They put
         | in 50% and I paid 50%. Even then had to do a payment plan with
         | the kid in the city who could build computers on the cheap.
         | 
         | Nowadays I let my 2yo play with my some old laptop that is
         | 100,000x more powerful than the first machine I had.
        
         | sjg007 wrote:
         | I have the same problem. One thing to try to get them to do is
         | build their own Roblox game with you or maybe build some
         | compute machines inside Minecraft. My kids also want to make
         | their own you tube channel so I look at it as broadcasting
         | experience, story telling, and they also Facetime with their
         | friends while playing so they get socialization as well.
        
         | petercooper wrote:
         | Same, but I've realized my kids aren't me, and most people
         | aren't me. Most young children I encounter are not innately
         | fascinated by computers and itching to get programming ASAP in
         | the way that I was. But they don't seem to be autistic like I
         | was/am either.
         | 
         | I've tried to introduce them to Squeak, robots, and various
         | such things on offer nowadays as gateways for children to get
         | into tech, but the curiosity isn't there just yet. This is
         | fine. They are into other things that _I_ wasn 't into at all..
         | like dancing, sports, or just being kids! :-)
        
         | hackflip wrote:
         | The 80s-90s was a small window in time where computers were
         | becoming powerful enough to do cool things without modern UX
         | hiding all the implementation details.
        
         | Epokhe wrote:
         | Prevent your success from spoiling your kids. Your kids
         | probably are not jealous of anything they see because you
         | provide them anything they want. I think a parent should think
         | and figure out how to create a challenging environment for
         | their kids. Not just artificial challenge like games. Real
         | challenge that will shape(and I think improve) their
         | personality.
         | 
         | I'm not a parent so I can't give concrete advise, just sharing
         | my thoughts.
        
         | kaycebasques wrote:
         | It sounds like you're doing the opposite of what your parents
         | did. They resisted giving you a computer which made you want it
         | more intensely. Whereas you gave it to them freely and are
         | probably subconsciously pressuring them to get interested in it
         | (e.g. your last sentence says "help me be better parent and
         | support them better" but I think what you really meant was
         | "help me figure out how to get them interested in computers")
         | which is making them perceive it as work or something forced on
         | them and are therefore rebelliously opposing it.
         | 
         | I know it's a truism but I think it's worth appreciating how
         | rebellious kids can be. At least that's how I was. Tell me I
         | can't do something, I will be obsessed with doing it. Tell me I
         | have to do something or I should do something, I lose all
         | interest in it.
         | 
         | Or they're simply not interested in computers.
         | 
         | Or you can try inspiring wonder and fascination and fun around
         | computers.
        
           | ALittleLight wrote:
           | I think it's probably more to do with being interested in
           | things. I was really interested in computers and being online
           | when I was young. I didn't have my own computer, my parents
           | bought my sister one even though she didn't like or use
           | computers, and I was always competing with my dad to use his.
           | Later, I'd be vying with everyone for the phone line, to the
           | point where my parents got an extra phone line, and (by then
           | we had two computers) my brother and I would be always trying
           | to use both phone lines so we could both be online.
           | 
           | Now, as an adult, I have more computers than I could
           | reasonably use (I originally wrote "more than I could want"
           | but that isn't true). I still use computers all the time and
           | I'm pretty much always online. I love it and I expect to
           | continue to going forward and, hopefully, expand my
           | connection to computers and the internet, as technology
           | permits.
           | 
           | My kids are too young to have an opinion on computers, and
           | part of me is kind of concerned they won't have an interest
           | in tinkering with computers or programming as I do. My father
           | is an amateur radio enthusiast and I never really connected
           | to that hobby. Maybe my dad trying to pressure me into
           | studying the books (or maybe the requirement to study books)
           | kept me from getting into it. Maybe I just had different
           | natural proclivities. If my children show an interest in
           | computers I won't restrict their access (except for not
           | allowing them to use Windows). If they're into something
           | else, I'll enable them (provided it's a healthy interest).
           | We'll see.
        
       | cuspycode wrote:
       | Very much worth reading overall, and this especially caught my
       | eye:
       | 
       |  _You can still be noticing new things after days of trying to
       | paint something people usually take for granted, just as you can
       | still be noticing new things after days of trying to write an
       | essay about something people usually take for granted._
       | 
       | I don't paint, but I did a lot of drawing in my younger days, and
       | I noticed the same thing. And I do understand how this type of
       | insight can be abstracted and be transferred to different
       | circumstances. So I think art is very important, for reasons that
       | are not always obviously apparent or easy to articulate.
        
         | munificent wrote:
         | One of my favorite things, perhaps _the_ favorite thing I got
         | out of landscape photography was that while I was doing it, I
         | was dialed into the seasons, weather, sunrise and sunset times,
         | and light like never before. Everyone sees the sky all the
         | time, but I really _saw_ it.
        
       | samcgraw wrote:
       | > I wrote what beginning writers were supposed to write then, and
       | probably still are: short stories.
       | 
       | This is a bit tangential, but if anyone is finding themselves in
       | a similar spot and looking to sharpen their short story writing,
       | I built a site called Storylocks [1] - it's a collaborative
       | fiction app for aspiring authors to write serialized fiction just
       | for fun.
       | 
       | [1]https://storylocks.com
        
       | inetsee wrote:
       | This takes me back. I first started studying programming when I
       | was 14. I had discovered a programmed-instruction test book in
       | the library that taught machine language. Not assembly language,
       | machine language. You had to write out the instructions as
       | numeric values, and the addresses as numeric values too. I even
       | did a book report on the book, which forever cemented my nerd
       | cred. Fortunately, my family moved the next year. I am still
       | astonished that the library had that book. The town I lived in
       | had a population of about 10,000, and the primary business was
       | growing oranges.
       | 
       | Later I bought myself a TRS-80. The less said about that
       | computer, the better. In my opinion, it deservedly earned the
       | nickname Trash-80.
       | 
       | I bought one of the first IBM PCs. It cost more than four times
       | what I paid for my first car. At my first job after graduating
       | college I worked with a DEC PDP-8. It had all of 6k bytes of
       | memory (the odd number is because it had 4k of 12-bit words).
       | While I was there we upgraded the memory (6k more bytes for
       | $5000, 32k bytes hard disk drive for another $5000). Occasionally
       | I will compare the performance to cost ration of my current
       | computer to my old IBM-PC. My current machine cost me about $1000
       | in parts, and it has 8G memory, and 4Tb hard drive. That's 8,000
       | times as much memory, and 400,000 times as much storage as the
       | IBM-PC. And the IBM-PC cost me $3500.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | hinkley wrote:
       | > One of the most conspicuous patterns I've noticed in my life is
       | how well it's worked, for me at least, to work on things that
       | weren't prestigious.
       | 
       | You might be able to reinterpret this through the lens of the old
       | saying about how, during a gold rush, the people who "made
       | shovels" made most of the money while a few miners got all the
       | press.
       | 
       | We don't usually hear about the folks making provisions or
       | shovels. If you dig into Seattle history, you may learn about how
       | early Seattle was financed in part by providing raw materials
       | after San Francisco's fires (apparently parts of downtown Seattle
       | are fill dirt used as ballast for empty lumber barges traveling
       | back from SF), but things got really interesting after the
       | Seattle Fire. The reconstruction was financed in part from being
       | a jumping off point for the Yukon Goldrush. Most colorfully, by a
       | particularly successful Madame (as in brothel). If you're not a
       | local, you'd never hear and probably never care about such
       | things.
       | 
       | The supply of people who want to go on an adventure is far more
       | reliable than the supply of profitable outcomes for those
       | adventures. Most salesmanship is already about selling a story,
       | not a product, and there are few stories sexier than an adventure
       | you haven't taken yet.
       | 
       | The checks clear whether the customer is batshit insane or on to
       | something great (in which case, you played a small part in that
       | and might benefit from having done so).
        
         | mywittyname wrote:
         | > If you're not a local, you'd never hear and probably never
         | care about such things.
         | 
         | Regardless of whether or not you're a local, the Underground
         | Seattle tour is definitely a must-do if you ever find yourself
         | there.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | The tour is not entirely scripted. Each guide seems to have
           | their own favorite anecdotes that they will offer. You could
           | probably take that tour every few years and learn something
           | every time.
        
       | netman21 wrote:
       | I know some people don't re-read. But I do. And I have read Moon
       | is A Harsh Mistress well over 20 times. Yes Paul, it ages well.
        
       | unnouinceput wrote:
       | Quote: "This was in 9th grade, so I was 13 or 14"
       | 
       | You went to school at 4 years old?
        
         | biztos wrote:
         | If you start 1st grade at 6, which at least in my day was
         | normal, you'd be 14 in 9th grade.
        
           | unnouinceput wrote:
           | You start after you are already 6 years old therefore during
           | your 1st year in school you go and make your 7th birthday. Or
           | at least this is how school works in my country. If you are
           | born after the school starts you are not allowed to school -
           | as technically you're still 5 years old.
        
         | kazinator wrote:
         | People start school at as young as 5, and sometimes they skip
         | grades.
         | 
         | I was still 14 going when starting grade 9, no skipped grades.
        
       | DC1350 wrote:
       | This was a good read. I wish I could understand the mindset of
       | people who can live spontaneously like this. I always plan so far
       | in the future because I feel like it's way too easy to ruin my
       | life financially. Is this a generational thing? A class
       | difference?
        
         | jeremysalwen wrote:
         | Definitely a class difference. From the essay
         | 
         | > Computers were expensive in those days and it took me years
         | of nagging before I convinced my father to buy one, a TRS-80,
         | in about 1980."
         | 
         | Based on a quick search, the price was probably about
         | $1200-$2000 inflation adjusted dollars.
         | 
         | I grew up in probably a similar environment, my dad was also a
         | physicist, and I also had access to computers from a young age,
         | and I was encouraged to explore interests in technology,
         | science etc, without pressure to make sure I found a successful
         | career. Over time I've realized that paradoxically, a culture
         | of _not_ valuing money /success is actually a marker of being
         | upper class, because 1. You are quite likely to succeed even
         | without any specific plan if you are well educated 2. The risk
         | of financial ruin is not the same if your friends and family
         | are financially stable enough that if worst comes to worst you
         | would always have a place to sleep.
         | 
         | Because this safety net does not involve any assistance except
         | in the darkest timeline, it's very easy to forget that it
         | exists as an invisible insurance that not everybody has. I wish
         | everyone did.
        
           | dang wrote:
           | I think you might be overestimating how much money pg's
           | family had; I'm pretty sure they were squarely middle-class
           | (e.g. the next sentence reads "The gold standard then was the
           | Apple II, but a TRS-80 was good enough," and that took "years
           | of nagging"). Strictly from a class point of view his
           | background would have been risk-averse. But your point about
           | the intellectual environment seems solid.
        
             | jeremysalwen wrote:
             | I think people have different definitions of "upper class".
             | Maybe "Upper-middle class" would have been a better term,
             | since pretty much everyone in the U.S. calls themselves
             | some flavor of middle class. But my point is is that most
             | people are not doing nearly as well financially as a
             | mathematician/manager working at Westinghouse modeling
             | nuclear reactors[1][2]. For example, 70% of americans have
             | less than $1,000 of savings[3].
             | 
             | [1] http://www.paulgraham.com/work.html
             | 
             | [2] http://www.paulgraham.com/credentials.html
             | 
             | [3] https://www.fool.com/retirement/2019/12/18/the-
             | percentage-of...
        
               | dang wrote:
               | I agree. The question is whether they were above or below
               | the financial threshold where kids know they'll be fine
               | no matter what they do, and so are freer to take risks
               | and pursue their interests. That's a popular argument to
               | make about entrepreneurship being a class privilege, for
               | example showing up in many comments in this thread. I
               | don't know where that line is, but my impression is that
               | people making this argument usually draw it somewhat
               | higher than Westinghouse engineers and middle-managers
               | (except maybe when they want the line to turn out
               | somewhere relative to a particular person they're arguing
               | about).
               | 
               | Perhaps they were close to the line on one side or the
               | other. My sense is still that his intellectual background
               | was much more significant than this factor, but that's
               | based on my own experience. Even though my upbringing was
               | at the poorer end of the middle class (raised by a single
               | mother who was a nurse), I didn't grow up risk-averse--
               | and I also got the computer (a better one than a TRS-80,
               | and totally not appreciating what my mom must have
               | sacrificed to buy it). What I lacked was intellectual
               | relationships or mentorship of any kind.
        
               | DC1350 wrote:
               | What do you think about the idea that it's a generational
               | mindset? What motivates me more than anything else is the
               | fear that I'll never own property, and I'll have to live
               | with roommates or a have a very long commute for the rest
               | of my life. It's hard for me to get over this because it
               | looks like that's just mathematical reality. There's not
               | many careers that provide a decent lifestyle anymore so I
               | don't have the opportunity to fail. I want to be wrong
               | though
        
               | dang wrote:
               | My guess is no better than yours, but FWIW I doubt that
               | it's primarily generational. I think people tend to
               | overestimate that factor generally, plus the current
               | generation also has some advantages over earlier ones,
               | not just disadvantages. I think the causality arrow more
               | likely goes in the other direction: i.e. not that you
               | have this fear because of the generation you were born
               | in, but rather that the fear is influencing you to see
               | things in these terms. I hope that doesn't sound overly
               | psychologizing. It's actually good news if so, because
               | you can't change when you were born, but it's possible to
               | work with fear.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | perfmode wrote:
         | check out "the middle class curse" for a class-based reflection
         | on this
        
           | nostrademons wrote:
           | Link? The best Google result I could find given context was:
           | 
           | https://www.thefearlessman.com/the-curse-of-the-middle-
           | class...
           | 
           | but there was a full page of different results under that
           | title so I'm not sure it's what you were referring to.
        
             | cam0 wrote:
             | That is essentially it - the upper class has the confidence
             | (and safety net) required to take big swings, and the lower
             | class has nothing to lose. The middle class has been
             | conditioned to live conservatively.
        
         | robocat wrote:
         | Some people live without fear for their future and explore
         | their world.
         | 
         | Edit: PG wrote something relevant:
         | http://www.paulgraham.com/conformism.html
         | 
         | The mindset is commonly trivialised as a class[1] issue, but
         | that is easily debunked because people from poor, middle-income
         | or rich backgrounds can live like PG has. Different wealth
         | levels lead to different explanations for why someone lives
         | more conservatively. Rich people are often trapped by social
         | ranking or lack of motivation even though they have a financial
         | backstop in theory. It is commonly said that the middle-class
         | are the most trapped, yet plenty of middle class tune out and
         | go beat their own drum. Poor people sometimes have nothing to
         | lose, but perhaps they have to run two jobs just to stand
         | still. The poor generally lack the opportunities (such as
         | access to a PC or University) but sometimes make up for it with
         | motivation and in some first-world countries they can freelance
         | while on the dole (common with artists).
         | 
         | [1] class in the sense used within US English.
        
         | eschulz wrote:
         | It could be either, but with pg I feel as thought it's just a
         | personality thing.
        
         | tqi wrote:
         | I think class does have a lot to do with it. It's not (just)
         | the obvious reasons, like having access resources to start new
         | ventures or having a backstop in case things don't pan out. For
         | some there is a feeling of responsibility for your family, from
         | the very beginning, that informs every choice you make.
         | 
         | If it were just me, I know I can live cheaply and get by if I
         | have to, and therefore could afford to take on high risk/high
         | upside ventures. However the reality is, in the back of my
         | mind, I'm thinking about whether I can support my parents as
         | they age. Whether I can pay for an occasional vacation for
         | them, or maybe a nicer house. These are things they would NEVER
         | ask for, and I know they can live just as cheaply as me (if not
         | more so). But I can't help feeling like I owe it anyway. And so
         | I take high paying, low variance jobs.
        
         | alexashka wrote:
         | It's a class thing.
         | 
         | It's not that it's easy or hard to ruin your life financially -
         | if your parents have the attitude of 'go live your dreams, be
         | happy', then there is no financial ruin, because the only ruin
         | in your mind, is not getting to live your dream.
         | 
         | People who have the 'dream' attitude tend to come from families
         | who lucked into financial stability. In some sense, this is a
         | story of a family that's been winning lottery tickets in life
         | for multiple generations without realizing it. Of course Paul's
         | blissful ignorance is what enables him to live as he has and to
         | write and publish this very essay.
         | 
         | I mean, what makes this essay worth reading, other than that
         | it's Paul Graham? It's typical lottery ticket winner hubris to
         | think 'I randomly stumbled into everything good in my life' is
         | worth writing about in the first place. Oh well :)
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | My kids have one set of grandparents who will not let them
           | fail, even if something happens to us.
           | 
           | There are good, respectable degree programs that will get you
           | a job where you never lay in bed worrying about money. But if
           | you want to be rich? You may have to take a bigger risk on a
           | more prestigious program that not only looks good on the
           | resume but introduces you to a social network of other future
           | (or current) rich people.
           | 
           | If that doesn't work out for you, you've saddled yourself
           | with a huge bill. If your parents can't help you pay that
           | off, you're completely fucked. Especially since they've made
           | sure that you can't discharge those loans via bankruptcy (and
           | _that_ is class warfare).
        
             | anonymouse008 wrote:
             | Bankruptcy discharge and payday loans. So sad to see it
             | waged and no one knows it's happening.
        
         | mplewis wrote:
         | Frankly, Paul Graham has a lot of money.
        
           | DC1350 wrote:
           | I know he does now but I'm talking about the earlier sections
           | of the essay. He mentions taking time off from art school to
           | work because he needed more money. What's interesting to me
           | is how he just decided to go to art school, study philosophy,
           | or work on projects that had nothing to do with his career
           | when he wasn't already financially secure. The common
           | narrative around really successful people is that they work
           | really hard in a few focused areas but it seems like he just
           | did whatever he wanted to and somehow it all just worked out.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | Wikipedia shows him as getting a BA from Cornell.
             | 
             | So is 'art school' Cornell?
             | 
             | Also he's 56, which means he still comes from an era where
             | you might be able 'pay as you go' through college. So as to
             | the question of 'was it money, class, or generational?' I
             | think the answer is 'all three'.
        
               | jonas21 wrote:
               | No, RISD - which is about as "art school" as art school
               | gets.
               | 
               | The middle section of the essay describes PG's time in
               | art school, which he attended after graduating from
               | Cornell and going to grad school.
        
             | ISL wrote:
             | One can certainly suggest survivorship bias in this sort of
             | situation. Another commonality I've found with very-
             | successful people: they work _really_ hard, but they might
             | not be aware that they 're working much harder than others.
             | 
             | Two anecdotes:
             | 
             | 1) A pianist in my high school was Eastman or Julliard-
             | bound. One day, I watched her sight-read a new piece. It
             | was beautiful. As someone who struggled mightily sight-
             | reading single-threaded trumpet parts, I asked, "How do you
             | sight-read like that?". The innocent and frank reply: "Oh,
             | I'm just having fun to see what it sounds like."
             | 
             | Sometimes (not always), people can be on another level.
             | 
             | 2) The truly outstanding see themselves as normal. I think
             | everyone sees themselves as normal. Freeman Dyson, from
             | [1]: `I asked him whether as a boy he had speculated much
             | about his gift. Had he asked himself why he had this
             | special power? Why he was so bright?
             | 
             | Dyson is almost infallibly a modest and self-effacing man,
             | but tonight his eyes were blank with fatigue, and his
             | answer was uncharacteristic.
             | 
             | "That's not how the question phrases itself," he said. "The
             | question is: why is everyone else so stupid?" '
             | 
             | I've never thought that Dyson said this with any malice,
             | simply as an honest reflection of his experience.
             | 
             | For me, if I want to get something done, I have to work
             | really, really hard on it.
             | 
             | [1]
             | https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2010/12/the-
             | dan...
        
               | vixen99 wrote:
               | If I can add to what you've written. 'I have to work
               | really really hard on it'. And that's the point, isn't
               | it! 1. Sight-reading is a talent that develops, to one's
               | own astonishment, with intense practice. It really does.
               | The story goes that Liszt sight-read the Grieg Piano
               | concerto but we should not forget that he worked like a
               | dog in his earlier years and then redoubled his efforts
               | at 17 (already with a reputation) when he heard Paganini
               | in Paris for the first time one night after which he took
               | his technique apart and rebuilt it with the result
               | (another level) we know about. 2. Freeman Dyson spent his
               | school holiday from 6am to 10pm, working through 700
               | problems in Piaggio's Differential Equations. As with
               | Liszt for music, "I was in love with mathematics and
               | nothing else mattered". Of course there's such a thing as
               | outstanding talent and genius but amazing things can
               | happen if the focus is on application rather than
               | debating whether one is possessed of these qualities
               | which rarely exist without the former.
        
               | kenjackson wrote:
               | And some successful people pride themselves on how hard
               | they work. There's a story that Jay Williams tells about
               | Kobe Bryant. Jay is playing Kobe the next day and they
               | both happen to end up in the same gym the day before.
               | When Jay gets to the gym Kobe is already there working
               | out. Jay works hard and sees Kobe is still there. Jay
               | eventually wraps it up, while he sees Kobe still working
               | out that evening.
               | 
               | The next day Kobe has a great game, and after the game
               | Jay asks Kobe something like, "Do you work out that long
               | all the time?" (can't remember the exact question) -- to
               | which Kobe says, "I just wanted to let you know that no
               | matter how hard you work, I'll always outwork you".
               | 
               | For a lot of successful people their joy is their work
               | and they take pride in being great, but still working
               | harder than everyone else.
        
           | josemwarrior wrote:
           | maybe, his mindset leads to money, dunno
        
       | sillysaurusx wrote:
       | It's nice to see even pg goes through phases of "I have no idea
       | what to do next."
       | 
       | By the way, bel is underrated, and I say that not as a pg fan.
       | The ideas in it are novel, because of its simplicity. The
       | scheduler in particular is elegant.
       | 
       | I suppose I should have taken some notes on what surprised me the
       | most. But, basically, the idea of using a stack as the source of
       | truth for all computation was both ... strange, and obvious
       | afterwards.
       | 
       | The main annoyance is that I can't flippin' find a working
       | version of it anywhere. I've asked him on Twitter to no avail.
       | The code clearly works; it's correct in every detail, as far as
       | I've found. I implemented most of it, but there was a distinct
       | feeling of "there must be a version he never put out."
       | 
       | But of course, that's how you'd feel if you'd been yelled at
       | every time you release things, so I understand why he might not
       | want to show something that isn't perfect.
        
         | myWindoonn wrote:
         | Bel has nothing not in Scheme, Kernel, Clojure, or SBCL. You
         | might be participating in hero worship.
        
           | sillysaurusx wrote:
           | Eyeroll. Try a more substantive comment and we'll talk.
           | 
           | Clojure in particular has nothing like what bel has. No
           | program does.
           | 
           | I don't claim it's novel, I claim it's a simple solution to a
           | hard problem. Possibly the simplest.
        
             | myWindoonn wrote:
             | You first. Bel claims to do what Kernel does
             | (metacircularity with everything first-class) but isn't
             | open-source, doesn't have a solid whitepaper detailing its
             | theory and practice, and is clearly just a rich dude
             | spending his unlimited time on fun things.
        
               | taxcoder wrote:
               | Unlimited time? Do tell! How do I unlock this super
               | power? Even when I have taken several months off there
               | was always more to learn than time allowed. One's time
               | does not scale at the same rate as his money.
        
               | sillysaurusx wrote:
               | Aha. You're jealous of his money and freedom. That makes
               | more sense.
               | 
               | You can achieve what you want out of life too. If you
               | want freedom and fun things, then pursue it! Throwing
               | bitter swipes at someone's years of work is... well...
               | are you sure you want to spend your life this way?
               | 
               | To your point: a solid whitepaper is a fine thing, but it
               | matters more what you can _do_ with a work than how it's
               | described. The substance comes first.
               | 
               | Bel isn't about first-classism. It's about creating the
               | simplest implementation of a multithreaded metacircular
               | lisp. It's fully open source, though it doesn't run.
        
               | skybrian wrote:
               | You just summed it up in a way that sounds more
               | interesting than anything else I read. (I started reading
               | the specification and got bored before getting to
               | anything about multithreading.)
               | 
               | Maybe writing a solid _abstract_ would have helped?
        
           | yawn wrote:
           | Holy low effort comment, batman!
           | 
           | The first sentence offers no proof of how any of these
           | individual languages address what you're trying to
           | communicate. I'm not saying you're incorrect...it's just,
           | like, offer _something_. The second sentence is unnecessarily
           | snarky and adds 0 value.
        
             | geofft wrote:
             | The burden of proof is generally on the positive, not the
             | negative. If someone thinks there's something in Bel that's
             | not in those languages, they can say what specifically they
             | think that novel thing is. Otherwise there's no basis on
             | which to have a discussion beyond "Bel is really cool!"
        
               | dang wrote:
               | The GP comment was a shallow dismissal, which breaks the
               | HN guidelines: " _Please don 't post shallow dismissals,
               | especially of other people's work. A good critical
               | comment teaches us something._"
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
               | 
               | The novel thing about Bel is that it attempts to express
               | a full programming language in the same axiomatic way
               | that McCarthy's Lisp expressed computation. I thought pg
               | explained that pretty clearly.
        
       | guytv wrote:
       | I started reading it, and could not stop. Very well written.
       | 
       | I hope the sub-text I picked up is all in my head, and that
       | everything is fine.
       | 
       | May PG live long and prosper :)
        
         | cdelsolar wrote:
         | yeah I also thought some terrible announcement was coming at
         | the end, but I think he's ok
        
       | profsmallpine wrote:
       | It's interesting to me to hear about Paul's 20s and to contrast
       | it to my own. He seemed to have a good grasp of some internal
       | compass - jumping from art school to Interleaf and all of the
       | other twists and turns. I seem to get a path in my mind and then
       | experience the need to not make any changes until that path is
       | finished. There is a certain rigidity that I don't allow myself
       | to get part way through something, to then evaluate with this new
       | knowledge, and then to iterate on the idea, even if it means a
       | totally new direction. I hope to be more open to some twists in
       | my 30s, staying open to the things that I feel like I need to go
       | try.
        
       | cool-RR wrote:
       | This was an amazing read. Thank you Paul.
        
       | nojvek wrote:
       | I've started writing at-least one thing every 2 weeks, and pg's
       | essays have been a huge inspiration. Also amazes me how little
       | the site look has changed over the years.
       | 
       | There is something about writing, hitting publish and have
       | readers. The joy of creating something other people consume. It's
       | the same thing that still makes me want to be a coder, even
       | though all my friends I grew up with have become managers. They
       | proly make more, but I can't quite give up the joy of producing
       | things.
        
       | smlckz wrote:
       | > I also started to think about other things I could work on.
       | 
       | I'd like to suggest PG to dive into the theory.
       | 
       | From what PG was working on (on Bel), a great "continuation"
       | would be to study category theory, type theory, especially
       | dependent type theory.
       | 
       | I really wonder how is it like to debug (dynamically typed) lisp
       | programs, with errors described as effectively encrypted given
       | the current hype around statically typed system programming
       | languages.
        
       | tosh wrote:
       | > I wanted not just to build things, but to build things that
       | would last.
        
       | increscent wrote:
       | For me the theme of this narrative is that PG always relentlessly
       | pursued what he wanted: AI, art school, Florence, Lisp, etc. He
       | would often find out after pursuing those things that he didn't
       | really want them, but that was helpful feedback. I'm usually
       | stuck wanting things but not pursuing them so I don't know if I
       | would really want them. It seems better to take initiative and go
       | for it.
        
         | boreas wrote:
         | This is why I found this essay very interesting but not very
         | useful. I don't have trouble identifying interests, I have
         | trouble pursuing them with the intensity of a PG. I don't mean
         | this as a criticism at all. I don't think it would be possible
         | to write an essay that would solve this problem.
        
           | sjg007 wrote:
           | What do you think is stopping you?
        
             | boreas wrote:
             | I simply don't have the personality to work hard. In
             | general, I don't believe people change after adolescence.
             | Therefore I am most focused on contentment with the person
             | I am, while nudging myself gently towards greater
             | discipline. Meeting myself halfway, so to speak.
        
           | cam0 wrote:
           | That's a personal problem, and one that I also have struggled
           | / still struggle with.
        
       | tinyhouse wrote:
       | I don't share the sentiment here. I find the essay too long and
       | boring. I usually enjoy reading his valuable essays but this one
       | is too much about his life which is not that interesting to be
       | honest, given I don't know him personally. But that's OK, not
       | every essay needs to appeal to everyone.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | psim1 wrote:
         | I agree with you. He seems so enamored with himself as an essay
         | writer that he does too much writing and takes too long to get
         | to any point.
        
         | abhinav22 wrote:
         | Unfortunately I would have to agree. It reads like a note to
         | self vs an essay for public consumption
        
       | blcArmadillo wrote:
       | > If you can choose what to work on, and you choose a project
       | that's not the best one (or at least a good one) for you, then
       | it's getting in the way of another project that is.
       | 
       | I get that this is true but for me personally I feel it's what
       | holds me back the most in life. I rarely finish projects, not
       | because I get bored with them but because I always think some
       | other project would be a better use of my time.
        
       | pnathan wrote:
       | This is a very good essay. It feels that pg is more reflective
       | now than he was a few years ago. In particular, he is calling
       | attention to how the dice fell; how things worked out well.
       | 
       | I'd be interested, as a purely personal matter, in seeing a
       | painting show of pg's work. I came to painting long after I came
       | to programming.
       | 
       | I'm almost 40. This statement:
       | 
       | > If you can choose what to work on, and you choose a project
       | that's not the best one (or at least a good one) for you, then
       | it's getting in the way of another project that is. And at 50
       | there was some opportunity cost to screwing around.
       | 
       | is a true one, and, frankly, has been more and more impressed on
       | me for the last five years or so.
        
         | randomsearch wrote:
         | Agreed. When you start thinking "I have 25 years of work left
         | to do everything I want" the phrase "I do not have time for
         | this s**" becomes part of your everyday vocabulary. Not in a
         | cynical way, rather you realise the time for playing and
         | exploring is over; now is the time to get it done.
        
       | wwarner wrote:
       | know what? this is a pretty damn fun read.
        
       | francoisp wrote:
       | I dont know what this does to you, but every time I read a PG
       | essay I get an urge to write. This is a very virtuous habit, that
       | allows one to have continuity.
       | 
       | Thanks PG again for a nicely written arc (pun intended), for the
       | somehow diffuse encouragement to write a log, and good luck with
       | what comes next! (if you come up with an august (both meaning
       | implied, the month and the adjective) clubhouse written in bel
       | with only a text interface, please send an invite my way) :-)
       | cheers, F
        
       | 0898 wrote:
       | I don't have much to add to this discussion except to note that
       | PG has impeccable punctuation but doesn't capitalise the days of
       | the week. Odd.
        
       | Scene_Cast2 wrote:
       | Meta observation. There was another post on HN about a self-
       | autobiographical career summary. The comments for that one (I
       | Really Blew It, Chris Crawford, founder of GDC) are quite
       | different compared to these ones. Both people have wikipedia
       | pages, but their personalities are quite different.
        
       | xiaolingxiao wrote:
       | This comment really resonated with me, I found myself in this
       | exact situation at 25, in a "very prestigious and selective
       | place" for AI nonetheless. It took me a couple years to realize
       | the smart people are just playing the game, the unsuspecting
       | losers are "playing it straight" and getting endlessly
       | frustrated. I found my balance by, frankly, taking advantage of a
       | system that is FUBAR. Incidentally, I also took some art classes
       | and because they were not for credit, I just flowed and drew (
       | https://lingxiaolingdotus.firebaseapp.com/art ). Tbh I felt more
       | alive placing some hasty marks on paper than I ever did doing
       | "research" in a lab.
       | 
       | "I'm only up to age 25 and already there are such conspicuous
       | patterns. Here I was, yet again about to attend some august
       | institution in the hopes of learning about some prestigious
       | subject, and yet again about to be disappointed. The students and
       | faculty in the painting department at the Accademia were the
       | nicest people you could imagine, but they had long since arrived
       | at an arrangement whereby the students wouldn't require the
       | faculty to teach anything, and in return the faculty wouldn't
       | require the students to learn anything."
        
         | fttx_ wrote:
         | Your art is beautiful, thanks for sharing.
        
         | sbierwagen wrote:
         | >It took me a couple years to realize the smart people are just
         | playing the game, the unsuspecting losers are "playing it
         | straight" and getting endlessly frustrated.
         | 
         | This essay gets linked to a lot on here, but you might be
         | interested in Rao's "Sociopaths/clueless/losers" taxonomy:
         | https://www.ribbonfarm.com/2009/10/07/the-gervais-principle-...
        
           | xiaolingxiao wrote:
           | Yeah I discovered the essay around that time and found it to
           | be true in a deeply unsettling level.
        
         | totemandtoken wrote:
         | I fear I'm one of these unsuspecting losers...except I guess
         | that comment makes me suspecting.
         | 
         | IDK, I don't want to play the game but it only gets worse in
         | the corporate world. I wish there was a good solution, where
         | someone could play it straight and get rewarded justly.
         | 
         | Your art work is beautiful by the way.
        
         | samstave wrote:
         | FYI, I really like your art - most specifically the beetle. Do
         | Want.
         | 
         | Would love to see some landscapes, along the lines of japanese
         | / chinese landscapes - as that the feeling I get from your
         | style.
         | 
         | More insects though. :)
        
           | xiaolingxiao wrote:
           | Thanks! And yeah I took Chinese painting when I was 7-8 so it
           | stuck with me. And yeah the beetle was a request from friend,
           | it's still on the shelf at her house :)
        
       | yters wrote:
       | Ironic pg passed up philosophy in his search for immortality. Not
       | only is that a focus of philosophy, even in today's materialist
       | worldview, but philosophers are some of the most ancient and best
       | preserved thinkers. The ideas of the ancient greek philosophers
       | still hold sway today, even in popular culture, see Plato and The
       | Matrix, or how the US government is organized in checks and
       | balances to preserve liberty. In fact, pretty much every other
       | aspect of society could be said to be downstream from philosophy.
        
         | igravious wrote:
         | pg has a whole essay[0] where he dismisses practically the
         | entirety of Western philosophy and the value or use of the
         | study thereof.
         | 
         | consider the difference between,
         | 
         | "All I knew at the time was that I kept taking philosophy
         | courses and they kept being boring."
         | 
         | and,
         | 
         | "All I knew at the time was that I kept taking philosophy
         | courses and I kept finding them boring."
         | 
         | recasting the first as the second puts some of the onus on the
         | author, pg is too good of an essayist and too thoughtful a
         | writer to inadvertently overlook this distinction.
         | 
         | and consider the whole paragraph beforehand,
         | 
         | "Though I liked programming, I didn't plan to study it in
         | college. In college I was going to study philosophy, which
         | sounded much more powerful. It seemed, to my naive high school
         | self, to be the study of the ultimate truths, compared to which
         | the things studied in other fields would be mere domain
         | knowledge. What I discovered when I got to college was that the
         | other fields took up so much of the space of ideas that there
         | wasn't much left for these supposed ultimate truths. All that
         | seemed left for philosophy were edge cases that people in other
         | fields felt could safely be ignored."
         | 
         | that last sentence is a remarkably dismissive throwaway
         | statement.
         | 
         | just because something doesn't have value for you or you don't
         | see how something might have value for you, you don't need to
         | make out that it has very little intrinsic value.
         | 
         | [0] http://www.paulgraham.com/philosophy.html
        
           | yters wrote:
           | Yes, pg comes across as remarkably uninformed about
           | philosophy. But, it is a general tendency I notice among
           | programmers, including myself, to dismiss philosophy as vague
           | speculation. The accusation is as old as Aristophanes' play
           | The Clouds mocking Socrates for his questioning of the status
           | quo. Yet you don't condemn bumbling absentminded professors
           | to death, as Aristophanes did to Socrates during his trial. I
           | believe the dismissal of philosophy has a deeper cause,
           | perhaps because it poses uncomfortable questions.
           | 
           | Regarding PG's essay, I don't think it is fair to say
           | metaphysics is a failed project. For instance, deeply
           | thinking about whether things can be infinitely divisible led
           | to the concept of the infinitesimal, which led to the
           | discovery of calculus. If any field of math can be said to be
           | useful, calculus surely is. None of our modern IT would exist
           | without it, nor things like rockets, flight, material
           | engineering, etc. Yet calculus is based on the non physical
           | notion of infinite division that Aristotle discussed in his
           | metaphysics.
           | 
           | As for Plato and math, in Meno Socrates leads a boy to
           | understand the existence of irrational numbers, which the
           | Pythagoreans had executed its member for discovering. So not
           | only are ancient Greek philosophers discovering deep useful
           | mathematical truths, they are also speaking truth to power at
           | the same time. Imagine if math were outlawed under threat of
           | death!
        
             | slibhb wrote:
             | He doesn't come off as uninformed. Plenty of philosophers
             | who were well informed have variously proclaimed the death
             | of philosopy or that philosophy is useless or that it has
             | reached the end of its usefulness.
             | 
             | Hume foreclosed on the possibility of metaphysics
             | altogether. Kant disagreed but considered all metaphysics
             | prior to him a failed project. Since Kant we've burrowed
             | into the human mind and into human language. It's not clear
             | that this has borne fruit. It's also not clear that it
             | hasn't. But informed people can disagree.
             | 
             | > Regarding PG's essay, I don't think it is fair to say
             | metaphysics is a failed project. For instance, deeply
             | thinking about whether things can be infinitely divisible
             | led to the concept of the infinitesimal, which led to the
             | discovery of calculus. If any field of math can be said to
             | be useful, calculus surely is. None of our modern IT would
             | exist without it, nor things like rockets, flight, material
             | engineering, etc. Yet calculus is based on the non physical
             | notion of infinite division that Aristotle discussed in his
             | metaphysics.
             | 
             | I think your perspective is perfectly valid (and well-
             | represented). You're saying "even if metaphysics is
             | impossible, the pursuit of metaphysics has proven useful".
             | Fair enough.
        
               | yters wrote:
               | Alright, I will abrogate uninformed to misinformed. The
               | latter is worse because it blinds PG.
               | 
               | Yes, exactly, Aristotle's project was supremely
               | successful and one of its fruits is the calculus that
               | underlies modern science and technology. How is that for
               | immortality? I'd like to see PG discard that part of
               | ancient philosophy.
        
         | [deleted]
        
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