[HN Gopher] Mining Bitcoin with pencil and paper: 0.67 hashes pe...
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       Mining Bitcoin with pencil and paper: 0.67 hashes per day (2014)
        
       Author : tusharchoudhary
       Score  : 226 points
       Date   : 2021-02-15 19:12 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.righto.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.righto.com)
        
       | abdo2023 wrote:
       | The 12 Best Jobs for Dog Lovers
       | 
       | https://bit.ly/MONY23GIFT
        
       | Amin3456 wrote:
       | https://bit.ly/2Zqahul
        
       | NiceWayToDoIT wrote:
       | 2.7 Quadrillion hashes calculated to generate a 1 BTC.
       | 
       | 0.67 hashes per day
       | 
       | so only = 11,040,687,000,000 years for one BTC...
       | 
       | nice
        
       | ComputerGuru wrote:
       | This is somewhat off-topic but I'm going to ask here because it's
       | really hard to find "trusted" information regarding BitCoin and
       | Ethereum mining online - it seems everyone's trying to make a
       | commission or running a scam:
       | 
       | Is it true that one cannot (or should not for their best
       | interest) mine BitCoin/Eth without being part of a pool, unless
       | one has a datacenter or warehouse full of GPUs dedicated to
       | mining? If that's true, is there a legitimate, low-fee pool a
       | fellow HNer can recommend? All the ones I have run into are
       | either on Google's list of "malware domains" or are else
       | blacklisted by my pfSense DNS blacklist because they're on the
       | list of malicious DNS names used by crytojacker plugins and
       | malware. I understand false positives and work around these
       | blacklists all the time, but each of these sites feels scammier
       | and sleazier than the next...
       | 
       | (Edit: It's minus 8 degrees Fahrenheit outside and I'm mainly
       | curious to see if heating my home office with an RTX 2080 that's
       | taking a break from ML while I'm busy with other things can
       | generate enough heat while offsetting my electrical bill to be a
       | more cost-effective alternative to the dirt-cheap but terribly
       | inefficient natural gas furnace.)
        
         | alisonkisk wrote:
         | I think the Universe is telling you something, and you know
         | what it is.
         | 
         | Why do you want to be in a mining pool, instead of buying
         | bitcoin?
        
           | TameAntelope wrote:
           | Because I've got this 3080 sitting around since I don't game
           | as much as I thought I would, and I feel bad about it.
        
           | ComputerGuru wrote:
           | Hahaha, point taken. Mainly as an experiment to see if
           | heating my home office with an RTX 2080 that's taking a break
           | from ML while I'm busy with other things can generate enough
           | heat while offsetting my electrical bill to be a more cost-
           | effective alternative to the dirt-cheap but terribly
           | inefficient natural gas furnace.
        
             | wmf wrote:
             | For that purpose probably just use NiceHash. Sure, there's
             | a probability that you won't get paid but it's basically
             | free money anyway.
        
         | shawabawa3 wrote:
         | The only point in mining pools is to lower variance
         | 
         | If I have enough hardware to mine $10btc/day it would take on
         | average ~70 years to mine a block (worth $300000), whereas with
         | a pool I'd get my $10/day consistently
        
         | chizhik-pyzhik wrote:
         | A quick google search for "biggest bitcoin pools" is helpful-
         | https://btc.com/stats/pool
         | 
         | Most of the pools listed there are easy enough to sign up and
         | start contributing to.
        
         | patriksvensson wrote:
         | Correct, mining in a pool you are guaranteed your fair share of
         | the mining (minus admin fee from the pool operators). Even if
         | you never mine a single block, you get your fair share of the
         | mined blocks by the pool.
         | 
         | If you were to mine by yourself, you'd get zero pay outs unless
         | you actually mined a block. It is possible, but the odds are on
         | par with winning the lottery.
         | 
         | DYOR on pools, but I can recommend f2pool
         | (https://www.f2pool.com/) for Ethereum mining.
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | >If you were to mine by yourself, you'd get zero pay outs
           | unless you actually mined a block. It is possible, but the
           | odds are on par with winning the lottery.
           | 
           | It's slightly better than that. A single 5700 xt mining
           | ethereum can expect a block once every 43 months at current
           | difficulty. That's still insanely high variance, but still
           | far better than the lottery.
        
             | patriksvensson wrote:
             | Interesting, that IS slightly better than I expected, at
             | least for Ethereum. So if we treat each block being found
             | as a lottery "ticket" and that solo miner with a 5700xt on
             | average can expect to mine a block ("win the lottery") once
             | every 43 months....
             | 
             | For Ethereum:
             | 
             | 1 block every 15 seconds
             | 
             | 5760 blocks in a day
             | 
             | 172800 in a month (30day avg)
             | 
             | 7430400 blocks in a 43 month period.
             | 
             | So about 1 in 7 430 400 odds when solo mining. Pool highly
             | recommended specially because Ethereum is moving away from
             | the current system of mining long before 43 months from
             | now!
        
         | MayeulC wrote:
         | > Is it true that one cannot (or should not for their best
         | interest) mine BitCoin/Eth without being part of a pool, unless
         | one has a datacenter or warehouse full of GPUs dedicated to
         | mining?
         | 
         | This is false. But you'd have to be incredibly lucky to find
         | the right hash by yourself, so profit are split, luck is shared
         | when pooling.
         | 
         | Edit:. Already answered, didn't refresh before replying.
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | You could solo mine for a long time without finding a block.
         | The math is fairly straightforward: your probability of winning
         | each block is (your hashrate)/(total hashrate). Let's say you
         | have one S19 Pro; that means you have roughly a 1 in 1.6
         | million chance of winning each block. There are only ~53,000
         | Bitcoin blocks per year so your chance of getting a block is
         | basically zero.
         | 
         | In theory p2pool is trustless so you don't have to worry about
         | sketchy operators but I don't know if anyone has used it in
         | years.
         | 
         | Slush is the only old-school Bitcoin pool that still seems to
         | be decent sized.
         | 
         | Being used by criminals doesn't mean anything; they want
         | reliable and honest pools just as much as you do.
        
         | ralph84 wrote:
         | Definitely a case of "if you have to ask, it's not for you"
        
         | undersuit wrote:
         | A few years back I was mining Monero on 4 pieced together
         | computers in my little 400sqft apartment with electric wall
         | heaters. It's a bad investment to do that in my house with a
         | gas furnace.
        
       | kens wrote:
       | Author here; I was surprised to see this on HN today. Let me know
       | if you have any questions!
        
         | rkagerer wrote:
         | I remember this article - thanks for sharing, it was fun!
         | 
         | Did you do any practice ones before you recorded it? How many
         | mistakes did you make along the way? :-)
        
       | xiphias2 wrote:
       | A very interesting part of Bitcoin is that there's no reason it
       | couldn't have been invented 10 years earlier (after having
       | practical public key cryptography). Anyways, better late then
       | never.
        
         | mlcrypto wrote:
         | It took a true genius & visionary to see that the whole is
         | better than the sum of its parts. A masterclass of engineering,
         | economics, & philosophy. Very few still understand the
         | importance
        
         | mFixman wrote:
         | The rate of information transmission was much higher in 2010
         | than in 2000.
         | 
         | If Bitcoin had been invented in 2000, it wouldn't have been
         | more than a technical curiosity in the hands of a few crypto-
         | nerds in very niche internet forums. Since it was invented in
         | 2010 it easily spread through Facebook, Reddit and other
         | universal social media before making the jump via mainstream
         | news to non-technical people.
        
           | pcthrowaway wrote:
           | > If Bitcoin had been invented in 2000, it wouldn't have been
           | more than a technical curiosity in the hands of a few crypto-
           | nerds in very niche internet forums.
           | 
           | It most certainly was this for at least 2 years. 2-4 years
           | more if you count the time Satoshi was working on it before
           | the public release
        
             | mFixman wrote:
             | I remember hearing about Bitcoin in HN in 2011. I'm sure
             | that same post convinced a lot of people with better
             | hindsight than me to start mining.
        
         | thatcat wrote:
         | Green energy and small scale nuclear coming online will make
         | the transition to self sustained mining easier after rewards
         | run out.
        
         | varjag wrote:
         | A lot of energy would have been wasted for a lot less mined
         | volume, so it's probably for the better.
        
           | vmception wrote:
           | the same amount of bitcoin would have been mined. what did
           | _you_ mean?
        
             | varjag wrote:
             | Performance per watt energy was a lot worse a decade prior.
        
             | kortilla wrote:
             | If it still didn't become popular until around the same
             | time, all of the rewards would have been halved much
             | earlier. The big miners would be fighting over even smaller
             | rewards.
        
               | vmception wrote:
               | The network emission adjusts to the amount of
               | computational power on the network, every 2016 blocks. So
               | if there was 1/1000th of the computational power on the
               | bitcoin network, blocks would still be generated in the
               | same time span, 10 minutes. If there was 1000x more
               | computational power on the bitcoin network, blocks would
               | still be generated in 10 minutes.
               | 
               | If you understood that already then I'm not sure what you
               | or the prior person is referring to exactly.
               | 
               | If you mean that all the halvings would happen a decade
               | earlier because bitcoin started a decade earlier, I'm not
               | sure what the point of mentioning that is.
               | 
               | If you mean the exchange rate would have been lower, the
               | same scarcity drivers would exist, who knows who cares.
               | 
               | The "big miners" would be bound by market forces of
               | what's anything worth to them, and would likely be 100%
               | proportional to today's reality.
        
           | freeone3000 wrote:
           | Does the mined volume practically matter? As a relative
           | factor, yes, it needs to be big enough to be too expensive to
           | compute, but, as computation grows more expensive the volume
           | necessary is actually reduced.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | GiftCard2021 wrote:
       | The 12 Best Jobs for Dog Lovers
       | 
       | https://bit.ly/MONY23GIFT
        
       | tromp wrote:
       | I suspect one lifetime would not suffice to mine Grin with pencil
       | and paper. Its Cuckatoo32 PoW puzzle is to find a 42-cycle in a
       | random bipartite graph with 2^32 edges. each defined by 2
       | siphashes.
       | 
       | https://github.com/tromp/cuckoo
        
       | edgefield0 wrote:
       | The fact that bitcoin mining on its own is now consuming as much
       | electricity as the country of Argentina with no end in sight, as
       | we are accelerating toward a climate change cliff, is sickening.
       | Given this fact alone it's hard to see cryptocurrency as anything
       | but a selfish crackpot scheme to generate a few dollars at the
       | expense of humanity and our planet.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | rcstank wrote:
         | How much energy is consumed by online banking? Big Tech in
         | general? These are sincere questions.
        
           | kevingadd wrote:
           | If you google search "how much power is used by online
           | banking" there are multiple analyses answering this question
           | for you along with consumption estimates for Bitcoin. One
           | pro-bitcoin one from my first 4 results attempts to estimate
           | _all the power consumption_ for every bank server, branch
           | office, and ATM 24 /7 around the entire globe and produces an
           | estimate of 140TWh/yr vs bitcoin's (at the time) 32.56 TWh/yr
           | estimate. You can compare their average transaction values
           | for yourself to decide how favorable this comparison actually
           | is for bitcoin.
           | 
           | An article I read today provides a comparison point for
           | realtime transaction processing, Fedwire, along with its
           | transaction volumes and server count. It's interesting to
           | compare that with Bitcoin's volumes. The article also makes
           | claims about the energy consumption (suggesting FAANG's
           | energy consumption is already dwarfed by Bitcoin) but I can't
           | manually verify those myself:
           | https://www.ofnumbers.com/2021/02/14/bitcoin-and-other-
           | pow-c...
           | 
           | The above article estimates a best case total of 55.1
           | TWh/year for the major Proof of Work chains, and also
           | provides estimates for various types of mining equipment,
           | etc.
        
           | philjohn wrote:
           | A single bitcoin transaction uses ~ 600,000x as much energy
           | as a single transaction on the Visa network.
        
             | shawnz wrote:
             | Bitcoin's energy usage isn't determined by the transaction
             | count but by its valuation. Raising the limit of
             | transactions on the Bitcoin network wouldn't affect the
             | energy consumption (but it would have other trade-offs).
        
               | kevingadd wrote:
               | Aren't there significant technological obstacles to
               | raising the transaction limit, not to mention the fact
               | that large miners have actively obstructed attempts to
               | raise it in the past? My understanding is that we only
               | finally got a block size increase with segwit in 2017 and
               | that only happened after people worked around miner
               | sabotage.
        
               | shawnz wrote:
               | There are no technological obstacles per se, but it will
               | increase the rate which the size of the blockchain grows.
               | 
               | It's true miners have obstructed attempts to make these
               | kind of changes but they don't control the price of
               | Bitcoin. If market demand for a higher transaction rate
               | becomes great enough and they don't adapt, then another
               | coin with bigger blocks will simply outcompete Bitcoin.
        
             | kfrzcode wrote:
             | Do you have a source to cite here?
        
           | hggh wrote:
           | The goal of cryptocurrency is not to substitute online
           | banking but the entire banking system. How much energy does
           | that consume?
        
         | ssss11 wrote:
         | To give you the other side: It also uses less than all idle
         | devices plugged in, in the US. Either Argentina doesnt use as
         | much as you'd think or the US wastes a whole lot of power doing
         | nothing. I'd argue thats way worse than mining bitcoin!
         | 
         | Anyway its a sensationalist statistic designed to arouse your
         | response. I'd expect theres heaps of things more wasteful..
         | office building services running 24/7 comes to mind
        
           | smeyer wrote:
           | Yeah, but the rest of us don't have to put up with legions of
           | people excitedly explaining about how idle devices are great
           | and everyone else should idle more devices.
           | 
           | Bitcoin consuming massive amounts of electricity is bad. Idle
           | devices consuming massive amounts of electricity is also bad.
        
             | jazzabeanie wrote:
             | Certainly not on a per gram basis...
        
             | rcstank wrote:
             | GP claimed that generating dollars using electricity is
             | bad. Isn't that what the majority of companies are doing?
             | 
             | Edit: that's my whole point: mining BTC is generating value
             | by verifying transactions. In turn, the miner gets paid for
             | their work.
        
               | X6S1x6Okd1st wrote:
               | It's unclear how much value is being created by Bitcoin
               | vs how much is being captured/transferred from elsewhere.
               | 
               | Plenty of reasonable people likely think that Bitcoin
               | doesn't create any value.
        
               | AaronFriel wrote:
               | Bitcoin consumers more power than entire nations'
               | economies while generating so little value that I suspect
               | my home town in Iowa would exceed the transaction rate on
               | a daily basis. A moderately busy food district in a major
               | city would exceed that every day. (I'm thinking roughly
               | 100,000 people getting lunch or dinner in 1 hour ought to
               | generate 13 to 27 times as many transactions/second as
               | the entire Bitcoin network supports.)
               | 
               | Sure, there's bitcoin cash, lightning network stuff - but
               | uhh, where's the beef? I mean, seriously, where are the
               | users using Bitcoin at volume?
               | 
               | It seems like Bitcoin is a Ponzi scheme for people mining
               | (or HODLing) Bitcoin, not a store of value, not a
               | mechanism of currency.
        
               | lallysingh wrote:
               | They're moving money out of their countries past currency
               | export controls.
        
               | shawnz wrote:
               | Transaction rate is not the only possible way to judge
               | the value a monetary system.
               | 
               | Also: Bitcoin's maximum possible transaction rate could
               | be arbitrarily scaled up without impacting the
               | electricity usage at all (but it would have other trade-
               | offs not related to energy usage, which has made it hard
               | to establish a consensus on the issue).
        
               | kfrzcode wrote:
               | The BTC market cap is around $650 billion. I don't
               | understand your logic.
        
               | airstrike wrote:
               | Companies are generating value, not dollars.
        
               | Closi wrote:
               | No, companies do not create new money. They create goods
               | and services in order to generate value/profit.
        
               | jld wrote:
               | Banks are companies and their service is to create new
               | money.
        
               | sudosysgen wrote:
               | Companies generate dollars by first generating things
               | that some people find useful. Just generating dollars by
               | themselves should be done with the smallest possible
               | amount of electricity.
        
               | shawnz wrote:
               | Bitcoin's energy usage is proportional to its market
               | value so you might say it always uses the smallest
               | possible amount of energy (given the current valuation).
               | 
               | We have yet to see if alternative systems like proof-of-
               | stake can gain the same trust and replace proof-of-work
               | while actually consuming less energy in practice. I'm
               | hopeful though.
        
               | sudosysgen wrote:
               | Creating currency by itself does not create any value.
        
               | shawnz wrote:
               | Right, the creation of Bitcoins only redistributes the
               | value. The value mining provides is actually in
               | outcompeting potential attackers who might want to change
               | the consensus of the network.
        
               | cortesoft wrote:
               | No, creating new dollars is just updating a database at
               | the fed, basically.
               | 
               | There are no companies that generate dollars. That would
               | be counterfeiting.
        
               | jki275 wrote:
               | The fed certainly generates new dollars.
        
               | cortesoft wrote:
               | Yeah, and they aren't a 'company'
        
               | Matticus_Rex wrote:
               | > There are no companies that generate dollars
               | 
               | Other than banks. Banks generate new dollars through
               | fractional reserve lending, though they also destroy
               | them.
        
             | grifball wrote:
             | Haha, but actually, you might have to put up with that
             | soon. There's recent research on a blockchain technology
             | called: "proof of space" which would require systems with
             | large storage to idle for long periods of time I believe.
             | 
             | EDIT: proof of storage -> proof of space
        
               | btczeus wrote:
               | It's called Proof of Capacity, and it's been running
               | since 2015: https://www.burst-coin.org/
        
               | kevingadd wrote:
               | Hey, at least that way all those empty apartments and
               | houses being held as investments will get filled up with
               | proof of space mining nodes
        
             | kfrzcode wrote:
             | Bitcoin consumes electricity and creates a store of value,
             | fungible, and with easy global transaction methods.
             | 
             | Your dangling iPods and Alarms Clock, however, are just
             | hunks of junk, sitting around, highly illiquid.
        
           | christophilus wrote:
           | Streetlights/ night time lights which (besides often
           | consuming fossil fuels) have the additional feature of
           | ruining the night sky for stargazers, insects, nocturnal
           | animals, etc.
        
           | fendy3002 wrote:
           | Rate of growth. For bitcoin to be useful as currency, it
           | needs to be used by many more people, while idle devices may
           | not grow much more.
           | 
           | However idle devices power consumption also needs to be
           | addressed.
        
           | tomxor wrote:
           | > It also uses less than all idle devices plugged in, in the
           | US
           | 
           | I'd bet that _all_ idle "devices" in in the US are providing
           | far more utility by being ready and available to do ...
           | anything (you did say all), than bitcoin which is _only_ a
           | vehicle for speculating on intrinsic value being used by a
           | tiny minority.
           | 
           | Sorry but I'm fed up of these stupid comparisons, if bitcoin
           | uses 0.56% of the worlds electricity, there are a maximum of
           | 178 ways to divide up the rest... it's simply not on that
           | scale of usefulness, _and_ it is not comparable to fucking
           | visa because it doesn't serve the worlds transactions. No one
           | buys coffee with bitcoin. Everything you compare it to will
           | be of more material value to the world and almost always
           | consume less energy, even if it's icecream. </rant>
        
             | Consultant32452 wrote:
             | I know this is just a matter of opinion, but I feel it
             | would be hard to over-estimate the value in getting
             | humanity off centrally planned currencies that are
             | manipulated to cyclically transition massive amounts of
             | wealth from the poor to the wealthy.
             | 
             | Of course there's no guarantee that bitcoin or any of the
             | other cryptos will resolve this issue for us, but they are
             | our best chance at the moment.
        
               | tomxor wrote:
               | > I feel it would be hard to over-estimate the value in
               | getting humanity off centrally planned currencies
               | 
               | That's not what this is about, Bitcoin has utterly failed
               | at that mission, and nothing about cryptocurrencies
               | necessitates computationally wasteful proof of work. The
               | only reason Bitcoin is still popular is because of people
               | using it for speculating, it's not a viable currency.
        
               | Consultant32452 wrote:
               | The computationally wasteful bit is a temporary problem
               | for which solutions are already being created. The
               | Lightning Network is one such effort.
               | 
               | Governments are already taking efforts to fight against
               | crypto. The fact that bitcoin is classified as an "asset"
               | is the government adding friction to using it. Every time
               | you transact in bitcoin you have to put that on your
               | taxes because there's some capital gains/loss. Of course,
               | they don't talk about it as if that is an attack, but it
               | is. And they wouldn't be attacking it if they weren't
               | scared. It's surely not guaranteed, maybe not even
               | likely, but it's still _possible_ that we will win.
        
               | dTal wrote:
               | The computationally wasteful bit is the proof-of-work,
               | which is an inherent part of bitcoin. The Lightning
               | Network is just about scaling transactions.
        
               | solosoyokaze wrote:
               | Bitcoin continues to grow at an enormous rate. It hasn't
               | failed at anything. Soon BTC will surpass the value of
               | gold. We are actually on our way to getting off fiat.
        
               | tomxor wrote:
               | > It hasn't failed at anything.
               | 
               | It has failed at being a usable currency, and not merely
               | for socioeconomic reasons. A currency is more than just
               | intrinsic value.
        
               | Hiopl wrote:
               | But that high value (and the volatile prices) is entirely
               | the problem (coupled with other issues like the extremely
               | low potential number of transactions per second). As it
               | stands, Bitcoin will never be anything other than an
               | investment vehicle. Maybe another cryptocurrency will be
               | a suitable replacement for fiat, but right now and for
               | the foreseeable future, crypto is still too niche, too
               | complex and volatile. At most we're seeing banks extend
               | their offerings with cryptocurrency, but none of it
               | points to widespread replacement of fiat outright. There
               | are too many institutional, technical and social
               | barriers.
        
               | solosoyokaze wrote:
               | Bitcoin plays a role in the crypto ecosystem. It's like
               | gold. Ethereum is like the finance industry and things
               | like DOGE are like currency. The value will be pegged to
               | BTC, making it the foundation for the ecosystem.
        
               | mockingbirdy wrote:
               | This. I've realized years ago that the current fiat
               | system can be unsustainable because it's very hard for
               | regulators to avoid the temptation of applying QE and
               | other monstrosities. But I realized way too late that BTC
               | is the vehicle to flee from that (in a simple way
               | compared to moving physical assets across borders).
               | 
               | It already succeeded in helping rich people in China to
               | bring their wealth out of control. This has maximum
               | utility for a lot of people. I'm not sure what will come
               | after the current financial system (and it most probably
               | won't go anywhere and will co-exist for some years before
               | crypto will be banned everywhere), but this new type of
               | wealth transfer mechanism already gets used a lot.
               | Everyone who distrusts the current financial system or is
               | oppressed by their regime is interested in it.
               | 
               | I don't know how the world will look like (it'll probably
               | be very hard to continue the current path because capital
               | has found a new way to move across borders and avoid
               | taxes, again) and I don't know if it's generally good for
               | the global society, but Pandora's box is open.
               | 
               | edit: For the sibling comments - the volatility is not
               | that problematic when your alternative is a
               | hyperinflationary currency and you don't have access to
               | other currencies because they are banned in your
               | oppressive country or some other reasons. You also need
               | BTC only to move your assets from one country/wallet to
               | another. You can then move it to a stable coin like USDC
               | and slowly get it out of the crypto system. This takes
               | you under an hour and you're done. It's currently an
               | investment vehicle, but its utility comes from being able
               | to get money from A to B regardless of government
               | intervention. Even if BTC drops to $3k, it still has this
               | value. Looking at the price of BTC is missing the point,
               | it's over $0, you can do a transaction in 10 minutes and
               | that is all that matters to move assets.
        
               | undersuit wrote:
               | The first government to move their money onto a crypto us
               | going to have massive control over their economy. Roll
               | their own crypto, keep the keys that allow more money to
               | be printed, have the ability to lock people out of their
               | wallets on a whim? They could even extract taxation by
               | running all the nodes and taking the transaction fees.
        
             | undersuit wrote:
             | How much energy does encrypting all our video transmissions
             | cost? I don't care how efficient the hardware running HDCP
             | is, it's still wasteful to do so for every application and
             | it's not even to protect the users nor would it be
             | effective in the current form as such.
        
               | tomxor wrote:
               | Encryption of video specifically is a bit narrow, but
               | lets widen it a bit: we watch a lot of video, video is
               | neat right? I wonder how much energy goes into the
               | transmission of _all_ video on the entire planet? end-to-
               | end, the encoding, the hosting, the network transmission,
               | the decoding on billions of devices and lighting up all
               | those LED backlights, (and the extra overhead added by
               | copyright protection crap)...
               | 
               | It's got to be on a similar playing field right? i
               | wouldn't be surprised if it was a lot more than 0.56%
               | global. But look at how much _billions_ of people get
               | from it all over the world, entertainment, art,
               | education, something to connect to people with... it has
               | an invaluable impact on society - i dare anyone to try
               | compare that to bitcoin (not blockchain, not the utopian
               | crypto dream, but Bitcoin).
        
               | bobviolier wrote:
               | The digiconomist actually compared watching Youtube with
               | a single bitcoin transaction (don't know the specifics
               | and how accurate), but they said 1 btc transaction is the
               | same as 51.000 hours of watching YouTube:
               | 
               | https://digiconomist.net/bitcoin-energy-consumption/
        
               | Wowfunhappy wrote:
               | HDCP's energy usage is marginal, but yes, it's pointless
               | and I'd also like to kill it. I'd also like all mobile
               | phones to receive software support for three times as
               | long as what Apple currently provides. And I'd like to
               | build more wind farms and stop shutting down nuclear
               | plants.
               | 
               | None of this excuses Bitcoin.
        
           | cosmodisk wrote:
           | It's not sensationalist at all. Just because idle devices in
           | the US consume the same amount, it doesn't become less
           | important. It's still absurd amount of energy that could be
           | used for much much better purposes. Another good example,
           | albeit on much greater scale is Youtube, which already uses
           | 1% of the world's electricity output.
        
           | Voloskaya wrote:
           | Ah yes the good old "but something worse already exists
           | therefore it is ok" argument. Always very effective.
        
         | bookmarkable wrote:
         | Sickening? Really? Don't you find it interesting that currency
         | free of nation-state regulators would be attacked as anti-
         | environmental?
         | 
         | These same regulators would love to steer policy and public
         | opinion by calling something that reduces their influence bad
         | for the climate, even if such a thing is run on clean energy,
         | solar, etc. That seems suspicious.
         | 
         | Beware of what -isms you are repeating and supporting - they
         | are very likely aligned with other -isms you would not support,
         | or are a root cause of the issue you care about in the first
         | place. Environmentalism is no exception.
         | 
         | Overall, blockchain currency has the ability to help humanity.
         | If that requires more power, well, so does everything. I'd
         | focus on how to generate that power renewably, not to argue
         | against a technology that millions in the unbanked world could
         | use to better their situation. I'd suggest you learn more about
         | the problems that present cryptocurrency as a potential
         | solution before just listing new problems.
        
           | jboog wrote:
           | I've been hearing for almost a decade how Bitcoin was going
           | to change the world and help humanity and yet...nothing.
           | Other than some speculators and early adopters getting rich.
           | 
           | I've yet to hear of anything "world-changing" BTC could do
           | that isn't already done better by traditional systems.
        
             | wtfrmyinitials wrote:
             | If people can print money, they will.
        
             | solosoyokaze wrote:
             | For the past 10 years you could have kept your money in a
             | savings account or Bitcoin. One of those has been decimated
             | by a fiat printing press, the other has been a great
             | investment.
             | 
             | Bitcoin has already changed humanity for the better and
             | it's only getting started.
        
               | jlmorton wrote:
               | > One of those has been decimated by a fiat printing
               | press, the other has been a great investment
               | 
               | How has the US dollar been destroyed? It has enjoyed
               | remarkable price stability, very close to the target
               | rate, which is what everyone expects and can plan for.
               | 
               | The other has seen astronomical, wild price swings, which
               | no one could plan for, and while it's currently enjoying
               | a high value (just as tulips once did), it was worth 95%
               | less just 10 months ago - and probably will be again
               | soon.
        
               | solosoyokaze wrote:
               | The dollar has absolutely been destroyed. Housing, health
               | care... true inflation is rampant.
               | 
               | > The other has seen astronomical, wild price swings,
               | which no one could plan for, and which is currently
               | enjoying a high price (just as tulips once did), but
               | which was worth 95% less just 10 months ago - and
               | probably will be again soon.
               | 
               | People have been saying this at their own expense for a
               | decade.
        
               | fchu wrote:
               | Having great returns and improving humanity are very
               | different things. I'm pretty sure a lot of scams are
               | benefiting their creators very well, and yet...
        
               | qeternity wrote:
               | > For the past 10 years you could have kept your money in
               | a savings account or Bitcoin.
               | 
               | The classic false dichotomy by people peddling crypto.
               | Nobody is keeping their money in a savings account. There
               | are productive investments that aren't crypto.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | solosoyokaze wrote:
               | What asset class has returned value like crypto for the
               | past 10 years? None.
        
               | adriancr wrote:
               | Stock market... derivatives...
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | qeternity wrote:
               | Ok, is Bitcoin a super speculative investment, or a
               | savings account? Now you're just moving goal posts.
               | 
               | Ironically, crypto's returns are all due to
               | Tether...which is purely inflationary printing. USDT is
               | what you'd get with the USD if the Fed were run by actual
               | criminals.
               | 
               | Let's chat in a year.
        
               | solosoyokaze wrote:
               | It's not that it's a speculative investment, it's that
               | the dollar is continuously plunging in value and taking
               | everything tied to it down too.
               | 
               | BTC (and several other cryptos) are the only safe place
               | to store money in the long term.
               | 
               | > Let's chat in a year.
               | 
               | Indeed. No one who's bet against crypto has come out
               | looking prescient.
        
             | DeRock wrote:
             | While not world changing, it did allow for the paying for
             | of illicit drugs over the internet. Silkroad was the peak
             | of bitcoin usability IMO (regardless of my moral
             | perspective on the matter). Ever since, its slowly
             | transitioned into a Ponzi scheme built on the back of
             | future "decentralized finance" promises.
        
           | qeternity wrote:
           | > Beware of what -isms you are repeating and supporting
           | 
           | > Overall, blockchain currency has the ability to help
           | humanity. If that requires more power, well, so does
           | everything.
           | 
           | You jump immediately into whataboutism: what about all the
           | other things that require power.
           | 
           | Bitcoin is not beyond criticism. It is currently 99.99% used
           | for speculation. Does it have potential? Absolutely. Do a
           | number of competing non-PoW/non-blockchain based solutions
           | also have potential? Yes. Do those competitors potentially
           | use far less energy? Also yes.
           | 
           | In the best case, Bitcoin is using a metric shit-ton of
           | energy before actually hitting critical mass for its social
           | use-cases. In its worst case, its a Tether-backed ponzi that
           | is siphoning a tremendous amount of energy from more
           | productive uses.
        
           | simias wrote:
           | Bitcoin is barely a currency. Its deflationary nature is the
           | main reason it's been somewhat successful so far (because it
           | rewards early adopters) but it's also be its demise (because
           | nobody wants to spend a "currency" today that's by design
           | going to be more valuable tomorrow).
           | 
           | Cryptocurrencies is what happens when libertarian techbros
           | try do "disrupt" basic financial systems without taking the
           | time to figure out how it's really working.
           | 
           | Those who don't learn from history are doomed to repeat it.
           | Peaple saying that embracing bitcoin is going to create a
           | fairest world for all are either deluded or trying to sell
           | you something.
           | 
           | In 2017 hundreds of projects (be it premined coins or "ICOs")
           | got literally billions of dollars for all sorts of
           | revolutionary projects. What are the results? Where's the
           | revolution? Why am I know posting on HN through the
           | blockchain?
           | 
           | 11 years on and still no use case besides pyramid schemes and
           | buying drugs online. Great job folks.
        
             | seibelj wrote:
             | MakerDAO, Synthetix, Cosmos, Polkadot... all of these are
             | working and did ICOs. Ethereum itself was an ICO. Crypto is
             | wildly successful by any metric.
        
           | tomc1985 wrote:
           | How is this a rebuttal to being accused of using more power
           | than a substantially-sized country and offering little in
           | return for it?
           | 
           | Like, at least the current fiat model actually works for most
           | people.
        
         | justblaze23 wrote:
         | https://nano.org/ - That's the reply
        
         | mareko wrote:
         | Not all cryptocurrencies are the same. Many newer ones run PoS
         | which doesn't 'waste' energy. The Celo network goes even
         | further and is carbon negative. It sends a portion of block
         | rewards to Project Wren, which uses them to buy carbon credits
         | to offset more carbon than the network emits to run.
         | 
         | https://medium.com/celoorg/celo-to-go-carbon-neutral-with-pr...
        
         | jki275 wrote:
         | Tezos and Cardano are the top two cryptocurrencies that don't
         | use this model at all. They use proof of stake, which doesn't
         | consume any significant amount of electricity.
         | 
         | Also, the vast majority of the electricity being consumed for
         | bitcoin mining is hydro in China and has nothing to do with
         | climate change.
         | 
         | Also, equating bitcoin to cryptocurrency isn't accurate at all.
         | There are hundreds of others.
        
           | samsonradu wrote:
           | > the vast majority of the electricity being consumed for
           | bitcoin mining is hydro in China
           | 
           | Side concern but isn't this concentration a red flag? Likely
           | many miners are in China or Russia due to the electricity
           | prices. Can't they collude to execute a 51% attack?
        
         | fuf7ru44yyruf wrote:
         | Are we done pretending people like you are anything more than
         | the new anti-industrialists yet? If it were up to the green
         | crowd we'd be back to using candles and carrier pigeons.
        
         | jonplackett wrote:
         | Kind of a weird buy-in from Tesla on that basis isn't it.
        
         | base698 wrote:
         | Yeah it's definitely more sickening than fiat that allows
         | endless wars and death all over the globe.
        
         | ericflo wrote:
         | Electricity consumption doesn't equal climate change per se -
         | not all electricity is created equally. I see PoW
         | cryptocurrencies as one of the most promising incentives to
         | move to a sustainable energy future. Given the lack of
         | political will for policy-based incentives for this goal, a
         | market-based incentive is welcomed.
        
         | throwaway3699 wrote:
         | Power consumption is irrelevant if we're using green
         | technologies for mining. The fact that the green lobby is
         | staunchly anti-nuclear makes it very hard for me to care,
         | though.
        
         | hddu wrote:
         | Every time I hear someone talk about the electricity
         | consumption of argentinia I laugh and think of the soy wojak
         | gif.
        
         | macawfish wrote:
         | It's hard to see it as anything but that because cryptocurrency
         | people don't collectively realize the gravity of the PR
         | disaster they have on their hands. Central banks are looking
         | for reasons to shut down the whole cryptocurrency space and in
         | an ignorant public's eye, bitcoin's absurd energy waste is a
         | perfect reason to do just that.
         | 
         |  _Where_ is the coinmarketcap-like tool that indexes
         | cryptocurrency projects ' energy (in)efficiencies and e-waste
         | footprints? Where is the tool that's easy to use and shows how
         | efficient cryptocurrency projects are in real time? Without
         | that, the whole space is in serious jeopardy, including those
         | few projects that actually have the potential to benefit people
         | and the planet?
        
         | macawfish wrote:
         | It's hard to see it as anything but that because cryptocurrency
         | people don't collectively realize the gravity of the PR
         | disaster they have on their hands. Central banks are looking
         | for reasons to shut down the whole cryptocurrency space and in
         | an ignorant public's eye, bitcoin's absurd energy waste is a
         | perfect reason to do just that.
         | 
         |  _Where_ is the coinmarketcap-like tool that indexes
         | cryptocurrency projects ' energy (in)efficiencies and e-waste
         | footprints? Where is the tool that's easy to use and shows how
         | efficient cryptocurrency projects are in real time? Without
         | that, the whole space is in serious jeopardy, including those
         | few projects that actually have the potential to benefit people
         | and the planet.
        
           | solosoyokaze wrote:
           | Bitcoin is probably the most important social/technological
           | innovation since the internet (which uses how much energy?).
           | Most people realize that moving humanity forward requires
           | energy. There's loud neo-luddite contingent that missed the
           | boat on crypto (it's actually not too late), but I wouldn't
           | take angry anti-crypto HN comments as public sentiment. The
           | public is in desperate need of a finance system not tied to
           | the existing oppressive establishment.
        
           | nietzsch3 wrote:
           | Bitcoin uses 7% of the energy the global banking system uses
           | and its energy use doesn't scale with adoption
        
             | K0nserv wrote:
             | Does that follow? Surely as Bitcoin becomes more and more
             | valuable there's more and more incentive to mine and the
             | more entranched it becomes more important to defend against
             | 51% attacks become.
             | 
             | It seems to me that what has happened historically i.e.
             | ever more people starting to mine will continue as long as
             | Bitcoin remains valuable.
        
               | nietzsch3 wrote:
               | Yeah and I simply don't see 51% attacks working or going
               | on for long periods of time due to adoption and game
               | theory. Nation states simply can't afford gain 51%
               | because it would mean they're already losing legitimacy
               | of their currency IMO.
        
         | mrb wrote:
         | Please realize that Argentina uses slightly more energy than a
         | single hydroelectric power station like the Itaipu Dam (103
         | TWh/year).
         | 
         | A single dam.
         | 
         | So, really the comparison is more a testament of how little
         | electricity Argentina uses.
        
           | fifilura wrote:
           | That is not just any "single" dam, but the world's second
           | largest.
           | 
           | The largest dam in Sweden, which is my reference, a country
           | where hydro is the biggest source of electricity, produces
           | 2TWh/y.
           | 
           | (And sadly much of that energy now goes to heavily subsidized
           | Facebook and Google servers because it is cool to have those
           | companies in your town, and collect income tax from the
           | 10-ish people that work there)
        
           | Symbiote wrote:
           | That is the second largest hydroelectric dam is the world.
           | 
           | Pick the Netherlands instead for the comparison, which has
           | similar consumption to Argentina.
        
             | mrb wrote:
             | That is still a single dam.
             | 
             | A whole country could be powered by a single dam.
        
               | fifilura wrote:
               | The number of places where you can build a dam is
               | limited, and when you find one it is not unlikely that
               | you have to relocate > 1 million people to build it
               | (Three Gorges Dam). That is on the other side of the
               | scale you are talking about.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | IntFee588 wrote:
         | This is precisely why Ethereum and its new proof-of-stake
         | mechanism will take over as the dominant currency in the next
         | few years.
         | 
         | I wouldn't expect crypto to disappear. The market is currently
         | worth $1.5 trillion, people will fight for its adoption to keep
         | their investment.
        
         | nietzsch3 wrote:
         | This comment is incredibly ignorant and I'm going to have an
         | aneurysm if it gets brought up again
         | 
         | - bitcoin uses a 1/3rd of the energy used in gold mining
         | 
         | - bitcoin uses 7% of the energy used in the global banking
         | system
         | 
         | - bitcoin energy usage does not scale with adoption, actual
         | payments are meant to be made on the lightning network (faster
         | and cheaper than Visa), and settled eventually on the
         | blockchain
         | 
         | https://www.danheld.com/blog/2019/1/5/pow-is-efficent
        
           | SamBam wrote:
           | > bitcoin uses a 1/3rd of the energy used in gold mining -
           | bitcoin uses 7% of the energy used in the global banking
           | system
           | 
           | Those are both gigantic energy expenditures, and to say that
           | BitCoin uses _only_ a third of the energy that another
           | despicable planet-destroying industry does doesn 't speak
           | much in the favor of BitCoin.
           | 
           | Nor does saying that something ~50 million people own (0.5%
           | of the Earth's population) is "only" 15% of the entire global
           | financial system used by 7.3 billion people.
        
             | nietzsch3 wrote:
             | Would you rather have us use the bad system that uses more
             | energy or the better system that uses less energy?
        
               | SamBam wrote:
               | ...which is which? Since the global financial system
               | clearly uses much, much less energy per person, I'm
               | guessing that you're also calling it the "better system?"
               | 
               | Or are you pretending that if BitCoin were used by every
               | person on Earth that it would still be using the exact
               | same energy?
        
               | nietzsch3 wrote:
               | Did you read my initial comment? Bitcoin uses 7% of the
               | energy the global financial system uses and its energy
               | usage does not scale with adoption. Transactions are
               | meant to be run on the Lightning Network which consumes
               | next to nothing compared to Visa, and long term savings
               | are meant to be stored on the blockchain. This argument
               | that Bitcoin uses too much energy has been around since
               | its whitepaper and has been countered multiple times.
               | 
               | *edit, not debunked but countered with practical
               | solutions
        
           | yesenadam wrote:
           | > This comment is incredibly ignorant and I'm going to have
           | an aneurysm if it gets brought up again
           | 
           | Hi, welcome to HN. Please read the guidelines. Talking like
           | that is nowhere near acceptable here. Thanks.
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
             | Helloworldboy wrote:
             | Fuck you
        
         | DennisP wrote:
         | Some cryptocurrencies are trying to fix that by moving to
         | proof-of-stake, which does away with the mining effort
         | entirely.
        
           | pcthrowaway wrote:
           | Some cryptocurrencies also use PoS natively, and have been
           | for years
        
         | xtian wrote:
         | > Given this fact alone it's hard to see cryptocurrency as
         | anything but a selfish crackpot scheme to generate a few
         | dollars at the expense of humanity and our planet.
         | 
         | You could say the same thing about the US military, which is
         | the world's single largest producer of CO2 emissions.
        
         | ptd wrote:
         | Why is the idea of people using electricity to make money so
         | sickening?
        
           | pushrax wrote:
           | Implicitly they are arguing the value to people is low
           | compared to energy consumption. They are sickened by the
           | allocation of our limited sustainable energy production to
           | this inefficient endeavour.
           | 
           | Presumably a proof of stake system with energy consumption
           | within a few orders of magnitude of centralized ledgers would
           | not be sickening.
        
           | tshaddox wrote:
           | That's the question that I never see answered. Presumably if
           | someone is using electricity to mine bitcoins, it's because
           | they couldn't use that electricity for something more
           | valuable (including things this commenter would probably
           | consider more wholesome? or "valuable to society"?) like
           | producing food.
        
           | dTal wrote:
           | Because money is a collective fiction we can easily "make"
           | using only ideas, while electricity is a real and finite
           | resource, the safe and sustainable generation of which is a
           | primary concern for our future. It feels like a bad trade.
        
             | saltyfamiliar wrote:
             | Sure, but if you want it to be _sound_ money, it has to
             | backed by some kind of inherent scarcity or guarantee which
             | implies work and energy expenditure. If you want to be able
             | to store it on a flash drive and transfer it to a different
             | continent with no intermediaries, that too will cost
             | something. If it were 'fictional' enough to be free, it
             | wouldn't be useful.
        
             | lottin wrote:
             | Thank you. This is exactly it.
        
           | simonw wrote:
           | Because if there's a direct connection between the amount of
           | electricity used and the amount of money generated, the only
           | logical conclusion is for human society to burn up every
           | possible available ounce of energy as quickly as possible.
        
         | young_unixer wrote:
         | Maybe we should blame the defenders of constant inflation and
         | government overreach. You mentioned Argentina, which is a prime
         | example of these problems.
         | 
         | If we didn't have those problems in the first place, Bitcoin
         | wouldn't be as attractive.
        
           | Moodles wrote:
           | What % of bitcoin owners own it for political reasons along
           | your lines, compared to people just using it as an
           | investment?
        
             | iamricks wrote:
             | Well, since you can own bitcoin anonymously, any answer to
             | this question other than "i don't know" will have a huge
             | margin of error
        
               | jki275 wrote:
               | Bitcoin isn't anonymous at all. It's at best
               | pseudonymous, but even that is pretty easy to break.
               | There are companies who do nothing but provide analysis
               | services that link real people to bitcoin addresses.
        
               | vinger wrote:
               | They haven't uncovered who created bitcoin yet. While
               | working with exchanges accounts can be linked to a
               | person. The ability to do this at scale or find any
               | person from any account isn't real.
        
             | saltyfamiliar wrote:
             | I'd argue it doesn't actually matter. People only buying it
             | as an investment vehicle is still enough to push into
             | mainstream awareness and increase it's level of adoption
             | and usefulness, and at its core, the reason it's an
             | attractive investment in the first place is because it's
             | deflationary, digital and decentralized.
        
           | Antipode wrote:
           | How would a completely unregulated currency be better in that
           | regard? Aren't the wild swings in bitcoin price essentially
           | hyperinflation/deflation?
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | It depends entirely on your time horizon. USD might be more
             | stable day-to-day, but has lost 32.3% of its value in the
             | past 20 years. This is just with CPI, if you're comparing
             | to asset prices this is probably much worse.
        
               | Antipode wrote:
               | I was talking more about hyperinflation specifically,
               | rather than the normal ~2% annual inflation targets. I
               | don't understand how lack of monetary policy would
               | prevent hyperinflation.
        
         | thamer wrote:
         | It really is terrible, and many enthusiasts don't seem to
         | understand enough about Bitcoin to even realize it. For so many
         | it's just a way to make a quick buck when Elon tweets about it.
         | 
         | To put in in numbers, according to the Bitcoin Energy
         | Consumption Index[1] (they link to other research that arrive
         | at similar conclusions, if not worse): the total footprint is
         | almost 37 million tons of CO2, a single transaction accounting
         | for over 300 kg. A single transaction requires the same amount
         | of energy as an average household over 22 days, or emits the
         | same amount of CO2 as a 2020 Civic driving 1,000 miles.
         | 
         | The comparison with the visa network is just as wild: a single
         | bitcoin transaction takes more energy than 432,000 visa
         | transactions.
         | 
         | At this point it's highly irresponsible to continue using and
         | supporting Bitcoin.
         | 
         | [1] https://digiconomist.net/bitcoin-energy-consumption
        
         | willbudd wrote:
         | Proof-of-work =/= cryptocurrency. There are cryptocurrencies
         | that work without proof-of-work, and those that quantitatively
         | rely on it to a far lesser degree.
         | 
         | Honestly, it continues to surprise me how clueless most of HN
         | commenters are on this topic.
        
           | coolestguy wrote:
           | It really is pretty bewildering how many top comments here
           | show almost 0 understanding of the technology.
           | 
           | How many other topics that get posted here have the same
           | thing happening??
        
             | notjtrig wrote:
             | That's a very good point. It is sort of demonised in the
             | media but tech people understand encryption and cracking,
             | phreaking, p2p networks, finge topics are our speciality.
             | An intrested mind does not sit in front of a powerful
             | research platform to claim ignorance year after year.
             | People in tech disporportantly ignore crypto and it's a
             | shame.
             | 
             | Why would we want to create another currency system when we
             | feel enslaved to the first one but at the same time aware
             | we are the minority of people, and hold an incredible
             | privilege.
             | 
             | It's easier to pretend you don't understand, or just don't
             | think about it, look the other way and suck on those
             | corporate titties to the tune of 250k USD/year because
             | that's the attitude that got us to the top.
        
             | hddu wrote:
             | Wow it's almost like the media is all propaganda and lies,
             | people on the internet claim to be smart while they don't
             | really understand what they are talking about, wow who
             | knew. (Yes I include myself in the pulling shit out my ass
             | on the internet group)
        
           | philjohn wrote:
           | That's all well and good, but Bitcoin is _the_ de facto
           | cryptocurrency - the one everyone has heard of, and still the
           | most popular.
        
             | macawfish wrote:
             | It shouldn't be though, and it's gonna take influential
             | cryptocurrency people wising up fast to divest from btc
             | into those other projects before righteous public sentiment
             | gets used by central banks against all cryptocurrency
             | projects. All of their effort and hype will be entirely in
             | vain if they don't think hard and fast about the real human
             | impacts of what they're investing in.
        
               | kevingadd wrote:
               | The cause and effect you describe hasn't applied to
               | significant investors in oil or coal up to this point
               | that I'm aware of, despite the disastrous effect those
               | two revenue sources have had on the environment. I'm not
               | sure why Bitcoin would be significantly different when
               | its negative externalities are effectively invisible and
               | a bunch of the mining occurs in mystery data-centers
               | overseas, outside of the reach of central banks.
        
           | kevingadd wrote:
           | Point to a real production cryptocurrency using proof-of-
           | stake right now. All the big ones are still using PoW and
           | we're what, over a decade in to the history of
           | cryptocurrency?
           | 
           | Once even one of the major chains is on Proof of Stake or
           | Proof of Space or something we can talk about how associating
           | cryptocurrency with PoW is unfair. AFAIK the closest we've
           | come is that Ethereum people started experimenting with proof
           | of stake in December? Things like that are progress but don't
           | do anything to put a dent into the massive electricity and
           | resource squeezes being created by cryptocurrencies.
        
             | djamrozik wrote:
             | Eth 2.0 will be fully PoS (released fully in the next year
             | or two, but staking is possible now).
             | 
             | Cardano, Cosmos, Polkadot are a few protocols that are PoS
             | but are still very early in their development.
             | 
             | > "we're what, over a decade in to the history of
             | cryptocurrency"
             | 
             | I would argue that's not long at all. The internet was
             | technically invented in the 1960s (ARPANET) and TCP/IP went
             | global in the early 1980s. Took a while for things to get
             | to where we are now.
        
             | willbudd wrote:
             | Ripple, Nxt, etc have been around since 2012-ish or
             | earlier. Ancient technology, basically.
        
               | kevingadd wrote:
               | Wasn't aware of those ones, thanks. It's a shame they're
               | not even in the top 100 by volume.
        
               | cardanome wrote:
               | Ripple has still the fifth biggest market cap.
               | 
               | If you look at the five biggest coins by market cap
               | (excluding USDT which is just digital Dollar) then three
               | of them use proof of stake, Cardano, Polkadato and
               | Ripple. Ethereum is actively transitioning to proof of
               | stake.
               | 
               | Bitcoin is the ONLY outlier. Though also the biggest
               | market.
        
               | galangalalgol wrote:
               | I'm old and clueless. Is proof of stake related to
               | anonymity in any way? I read something about dealers in
               | contraband switching from btc to monero among others for
               | that reason.
        
               | saltyfamiliar wrote:
               | Ripple (XRP) has the 5th highest market cap and volume of
               | any cryptocurrency, but it's very unpopular on a cultural
               | level because it's basically centralized.
        
               | kevingadd wrote:
               | That's fascinating, I ctrl-f'd for Ripple on a couple
               | charts since I hadn't heard of it and it wasn't on them.
               | Do crypto sites omit it because it's unpopular or viewed
               | as not a blockchain due to being centralized?
        
               | ROARosen wrote:
               | Ripple (aka XRP) is number 5
        
             | wmf wrote:
             | Avalanche isn't that big yet but it's in production and
             | running DeFi.
        
         | Helloworldboy wrote:
         | This environmental concern trolling is so blatantly
         | astroturfed.
        
         | ajmurmann wrote:
         | The real solution here is not complaining about individual use
         | cases of energy, but effective carbon pricing. Wit cap & trade
         | on a global level, this wouldn't be an issue. Of course there
         | seems no political will nor ability to make this happen any
         | time soon.
        
           | vinger wrote:
           | The big miners in China and Iceland are using hydro and
           | geothermal. Pricing the other miners out might have some
           | interesting side effects.
        
           | kevingadd wrote:
           | In some cases miners literally steal electricity or other
           | resources to mine, so carbon pricing won't affect scenarios
           | like that [1]. Maybe we can treat those as a rounding
           | error... At the point where miners are willing to do things
           | like build a transformer station you're in wild territory way
           | beyond a neighbor tapping into your cable line for free TV.
           | If the money's good, what's stopping a connected miner from
           | bribing the right people to get a discount on electricity and
           | skip the carbon tax?
           | 
           | [1] https://modernconsensus.com/cryptocurrencies/bitcoin/russ
           | ian...
        
             | wmf wrote:
             | _what 's stopping a connected miner from bribing the right
             | people to get a discount on electricity and skip the carbon
             | tax?_
             | 
             | International sanctions. Civilize or die.
        
       | dang wrote:
       | If curious see also
       | 
       | 2017 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15950599
       | 
       | Discussed at the time:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8380110
        
       | dint wrote:
       | Discussed with Ken on the most recent episode of Oxide Computer
       | Company's (very good) On The Metal podcast:
       | 
       | https://oxide.computer/podcast/on-the-metal-13-ken-shirriff/
        
       | waynesonfire wrote:
       | You spent two days generating a hash? What a waste of resources.
       | 
       | EDIT: harsh crowd today. I could care less how the author spends
       | their time. Am I the only one that saw all the articles talking
       | about how bad BTC is for the environment recently?
        
         | mckirk wrote:
         | I feel like either I'm misunderstanding your comment, or you've
         | whooshed everyone else commenting on it so far.
        
           | waynesonfire wrote:
           | lol, clearly wooshed.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Edit: I misread the GP, as explained below. Sorry!
         | 
         | " _Please don 't post shallow dismissals, especially of other
         | people's work. A good critical comment teaches us something._"
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
           | jjcon wrote:
           | Isn't that kind of what you are doing by posting that
           | comment? You could respond and explain why you disagree -
           | instead you just shallowly dismissed their comment by saying
           | it was shallow.
           | 
           | Also maybe I'm crazy but their comment seemed to be a
           | joke/commentary on the environmental resources used by
           | Bitcoin. That isn't a shallow dismissal.
        
             | dang wrote:
             | Moderation comments are certainly bad HN comments--they're
             | off-topic, they're meta, they're repetitive as hell [1].
             | And you're right that they sometimes break the rules
             | they're trying to enforce. They're also even more tedious
             | to write than to read [2]. But, alas, they're a necessary
             | out-of-band feedback mechanism to try to nudge the system
             | out of its failure modes.
             | 
             | I take your point about the GP being a joke, though--the
             | edit makes that clear. The problem with one-liners that
             | don't disambiguate intent [3] is that they pattern-match to
             | the most common category they look like.
             | 
             | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/posts?id=dang
             | 
             | [2] https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=fal
             | se&so...
             | 
             | [3] https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=fal
             | se&so...
        
             | TheDong wrote:
             | It's a shallow joke. One of the rules of HN is to attempt
             | to have thoughtful and substantive discussions.
             | 
             | An entire comment that is just a joke is not how you end up
             | with substantive discussion, which I think has been well
             | proven by reddit long since.
             | 
             | It's fine to have a joke to lead into a well articulated
             | point, but an entire comment shouldn't _just_ be a joke,
             | unless it's the rare case of a joke that is insightful, not
             | just a shared cultural reference (in this case to a common
             | other argument on HN).
             | 
             | > Isn't that kind of what you are doing by posting that
             | comment?
             | 
             | I think this is akin to the paradox of tolerance.
             | 
             | There's the saying "that with is presented without evidence
             | may be dismissed without evidence".
             | 
             | I think the HN analogue would be "that which is posted
             | without an attempt to have a substantive discussion can be
             | dismissed out of hand".
             | 
             | Similar to how a gish gallop works, it's absolutely not
             | plausible for dang to respond to every comment that
             | violates HN guidelines with a full breakdown of why he
             | believes so. The volume of poor comments simply is so high
             | that he would need to spend far more hours than he can
             | spare for that.
        
               | jjcon wrote:
               | It really wasn't 'just a joke' though. There is a whole
               | range of discussion to be had on the resources used by
               | crypto - and if you can make a quip and also commentary I
               | see that as valuable. Is it the pinnacle of HN comments?
               | Not at all. But does it deserve to be moderated? Not in
               | my book because it does bring up a valuable point of
               | discussion.
        
             | alisonkisk wrote:
             | Dozens of redundant meme comments aclrss the btc threads
             | aren't helpful.
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | > You spent two days generating a hash? What a waste of
         | resources.
         | 
         | It's for entertainment, and it looks like OP learned something.
         | It's better use of resources than staring at a TV all day,
         | which presumably you won't have an issue with.
         | 
         | >Am I the only one that saw all the articles talking about how
         | bad BTC is for the environment recently?
         | 
         | At this point it's beating a dead horse.
        
         | danhak wrote:
         | His goal was to answer the interesting question: "how many
         | hashes could I manually generate per day," not to generate
         | hashes in the most efficient manner possible.
        
           | shabda wrote:
           | Also, the author did not spend two days. he spent 17 minutes
           | and then did the math to calculate the block hash rate.
           | 
           | > Doing one round of SHA-256 by hand took me 16 minutes, 45
           | seconds. At this rate, hashing a full Bitcoin block (128
           | rounds)[3] would take 1.49 days, for a hash rate of 0.67
           | hashes per day
        
         | swagonomixxx wrote:
         | It's a lockdown. I could see myself spending the weekend doing
         | this.
        
           | trophycase wrote:
           | Some of the comments are from 2014. Looks like this was from
           | well before the lockdown XD
        
         | reaperducer wrote:
         | His resources. Not yours.
         | 
         | You don't get to judge, unless you want to detail what you did
         | over the weekend and let the rest of us strangers decide if
         | what you did was a waste or not.
        
           | lifty wrote:
           | Unless (s)he used a lot of electricity over the weekend. Then
           | HN gets to judge.
        
       | agumonkey wrote:
       | How many hands to equate one average 2021 ASIC ?
        
       | petethepig wrote:
       | Reminds me of IP over Avian Carriers thing [0]
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_over_Avian_Carriers
        
       | jacklolo wrote:
       | The 12 Best Jobs for Dog Lovers
       | 
       | https://bit.ly/MONY23GIFT
        
       | yters wrote:
       | When doing it manually can people find shortcuts that would elude
       | brute force computation?
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | AFAIK hashing algorithms are specifically designed so that you
         | can't take shortcuts. That said, there was a technique that
         | allowed you do do just that[1], but it has been patched.
         | 
         | [1] https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1604/1604.00575.pdf
        
           | yters wrote:
           | In general that is true, but is that true for all specific
           | instances?
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | Are you talking about whether you can skip steps for
             | certain inputs to the hashing function? No not really. If
             | you look at the reference implementation[1] the control
             | flow is the same regardless of what the input is.
             | 
             | [1] scroll to the bottom of https://www.movable-
             | type.co.uk/scripts/sha256.html
        
       | dualvectorfoil wrote:
       | Unrelated to the algorithm, I've found that doing things "by
       | hand" is a surprisingly good way to develop intuition for
       | otherwise opaque concepts. I wonder if it's a function of doing
       | work more slowly or paying closer attention. Examples include
       | writing code written by others and working through math on paper.
        
         | Gehinnn wrote:
         | I think this is due to some kind of muscle memory.
         | 
         | You only start hearing certain patterns in complex music, e.g.
         | Mahler symphonies, if you listen often enough to it. At some
         | point you recognize stuff unconsciously.
        
           | pontifier wrote:
           | I've noticed something similar in dance and language. I think
           | it has something to do with mirror neurons feeding back into
           | meaning making.
           | 
           | When you hear a word in a language you know, mirror neurons
           | probably fire the patterns that would be required to make
           | those sounds yourself. If you don't have experience making a
           | sound, you're less likely to be able to detect subtle nuance
           | in it, and those patterns tie into your memory of the times
           | you have used that word.
           | 
           | The same with dance. While taking dance classes, I found that
           | watching very good dancers gave a visceral thrill that wasn't
           | there before... Like I could FEEL what they were doing.
        
         | dawnerd wrote:
         | Totally agree. I had a hard time trying to comprehend how
         | parity works until I sat down and did some parity computations
         | on paper.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | JamilD wrote:
         | Likewise. Once in a while I force myself to do backprop by hand
         | to make sure I still understand all the concepts and can walk
         | myself through the calculus.
        
           | mkaic wrote:
           | I just learned backprop for the first time a week ago and
           | doing exactly what you described, working it out by hand, was
           | absolutely invaluable. There's something about being able to
           | visualize what my code is doing on a sheet of paper that just
           | helped everything click.
        
         | guerrilla wrote:
         | I agree. For some reason, I didn't get the lambda calculus when
         | I first encountered it but it became entirely obvious after
         | doing just a couple of exercises by hand.
        
         | rullopat wrote:
         | True, I understood how pointer works when I drew them on paper.
         | I was struggling for a week, then I tried on paper and in 10
         | minutes I got it.
        
           | kzrdude wrote:
           | So much screen-staring time can be saved with just pen and
           | paper. We need to learn to do it more often.
        
             | infogulch wrote:
             | I love whiteboards, they are much better than paper: more
             | space, nice colors, easy to see, very easy to collaborate
             | on, simple redos. That's actually the biggest thing I miss
             | from going into the office: nice huge whiteboards that
             | cover the whole wall, not the little dinky ones that office
             | depot sells for exorbitant prices.
             | 
             | I found a solution though: Lowe's sells a 4'x8' sheet of
             | whiteboard for fifteen bucks, now I have my whiteboard
             | covered wall in my home office so I'm happy again.
        
               | jjuel wrote:
               | Do you have a link to that Lowe's whiteboard sheet?
        
               | infogulch wrote:
               | It's called "Smooth White Wall Panel", but honestly just
               | go with a truck and ask an employee, apparently they're
               | popular. The guy I asked said they even use them in the
               | employee areas in the back.
               | https://www.lowes.com/pd/47-75-in-x-7-98-ft-Smooth-White-
               | Wal...
        
               | alisonkisk wrote:
               | I like pencil and paper. Colored pencils are plentiful,
               | and paper is easier to image and share than a whiteboard.
               | You can write smaller on paper and don't get gorrila
               | arms.
        
               | infogulch wrote:
               | Hey, you can have preferences, even if they are wrong. ;)
               | 
               | Colored pencils are usually very difficult to erase. I've
               | found whiteboards are great for sharing. Get a set of
               | small tip dry erase pens, much better than the standard
               | ones, and helps both writing small and gorilla arm
               | (though I've never really had issues with the latter).
        
         | jhoechtl wrote:
         | Both. And another aspect you missed: Doing things by hand
         | stimulates regions of the brain which are directly tied to
         | regions of creativity and to improve the ability to relate a
         | new concept to existing concepts.
        
         | lmkg wrote:
         | I think it's because the human mind tends to jump over things
         | which don't seem important, as a performance optimization. But
         | its idea of what's not important is not well-tuned to many
         | contexts. I think a lot of "secret tricks" are just ways of
         | trying to bypass that heuristic and force yourself to do all
         | the steps. E.g. rubber-duck debugging: putting the situation
         | into words means putting it into concrete terms, which catches
         | the parts that your brain let sit unexamined.
        
         | bdcravens wrote:
         | Not exactly the same, but that's why I think the best
         | requirements document is a working Excel spreadsheet.
        
         | bredren wrote:
         | If I'm unfamiliar with a project I force slow work by first
         | looking for existing process improvements, like organized
         | GitHub milestones and well-described and meta'd issues.
         | 
         | I'll commonly explore new tech by generating my own summarized
         | documentation and through light tooling of initial
         | configuration.
         | 
         | I am in the midst of this now where an existing operational
         | "algorithm" needs better software support.
         | 
         | A lot of the discovery for that is starting with very general
         | issues describing "problem" areas and then drilling them down
         | to specific issues that might require action.
         | 
         | It can be tedious to go this "slow," but it's how I get to
         | fast.
        
       | csomar wrote:
       | Most people seem to have missed the fact that this is an
       | advertisement for his book [1]. The person who is going to go
       | through the whole article is a very likely to make a purchase.
       | It's unfortunate that the book doesn't seem to have many sales
       | and apparently, it's not practically available anymore.
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.amazon.com/Quartz-Objects-Power-Global-
       | Economy/d...
        
         | kens wrote:
         | Umm, no. This is not an advertisement and I'm kind of offended
         | that you say so. First, that's not even my book. The book
         | author asked if he could put my bitcoin mining by hand process
         | in his book; it's a small part of the book. Second, I wrote the
         | post three years before the book. I know HN watches out for
         | submarine advertisements, but really!
        
           | mym1990 wrote:
           | Don't be offended by a no name on the internet, some people
           | just don't know what they are talking about.
        
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