[HN Gopher] The Legendary Study That Embarrassed Wine Experts (2...
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       The Legendary Study That Embarrassed Wine Experts (2014)
        
       Author : Tomte
       Score  : 94 points
       Date   : 2021-02-14 10:53 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.realclearscience.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.realclearscience.com)
        
       | milesvor66 wrote:
       | I'm quite skeptic. As a person that rarely drink wine, I can
       | recognize if a wine is red or white blinded, as other friends of
       | mine. Also white wine hurts my stomach. Hovewer all the different
       | flavours discussions regarding red wine are out of my
       | discernment.
        
       | january_fanatic wrote:
       | The end of the article says:
       | 
       | >> "The fact that there are no specific terms to describe odors
       | supports the idea of a defective association between odor and
       | language. Odors take the name of the objects that have these
       | odors."
       | 
       | This idea is wrong. Odors take the name of the objects that have
       | these odors ... IN ENGLISH. Other languages have rich
       | vocabularies for odor categories. Actually, even English has a
       | few specific terms that describe odors, such as 'musty', so the
       | quoted "fact" is also wrong.
       | 
       | Here is one of the first academic studies to document this
       | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S00100...
       | and the author has other papers which shows the same facts in
       | other languages.
        
       | keiferski wrote:
       | This has been debunked repeatedly, but since "we showed those
       | snobs!" makes for good clickbait, it inevitably returns.
       | 
       | The studies listed never quite make it clear how "wine expert" is
       | being defined. The one in this article says it used students, who
       | clearly are _not_ experts in any sense of the word. Other studies
       | just handwave away the question and say,  "We asked wine
       | experts." If you dig into some of them, it turns out that the
       | designated "wine experts" were really some people that took a
       | weekend course on wine testing.
       | 
       | If you don't define your terms, your conclusions are not
       | relevant.
       | 
       | Edit, just to add an example more amenable to the HN crowd.
       | Imagine a research study asks CS students or recent coding camp
       | graduates questions about programming and computer science. Would
       | you take their answers as authoritative? Because that's pretty
       | much what is happening here, except with wine.
        
         | graton wrote:
         | > This has been debunked repeatedly
         | 
         | Any sources to support that statement?
        
           | keiferski wrote:
           | https://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2019/07/can-
           | profess...
        
             | DonaldFisk wrote:
             | That article _doesn 't_ debunk Brochet's experiment. Here's
             | what it says: "That said, important to note here is that
             | while Brochet's studies are often cited as definitively
             | showing how bad wine experts are at judging wines, in this
             | case that they can't even tell the difference between red
             | and white wines, that's not what that study actually showed
             | at all."
             | 
             | Brochet proved that most people who are reasonably
             | knowledgeable about wine can be fooled into thinking that a
             | white wine which has been dyed red is a red wine, as shown
             | by their describing it in terms normally used to describe a
             | red wine, because their senses of taste and smell were
             | fooled by what they saw.
             | 
             | It was not a blind taste test.
        
             | ogre_codes wrote:
             | Hmm. Maybe you read a different article from what you
             | linked.
             | 
             | "Our results indicate that both the prices of wines and
             | wine recommendations by experts may be poor guides for non-
             | expert wine consumers."
             | 
             | "Much to my mortification I was dead wrong, as was everyone
             | else in the room. The proprietor chuckled and informed his
             | room... that the wines were actually the same wine; one was
             | just warmer than the other."
             | 
             | If anything, this article confirms the conclusions of the
             | original. Again from your article:
             | 
             | "Rather, this test simply showed how easily our perception
             | of things is influenced by suggestion."
             | 
             | This doesn't contradict the original conclusion, it
             | confirms it.
        
         | nojokes wrote:
         | _Here 's how the research went down. First, Brochet gave 27
         | male and 27 female oenology students a glass of red and a glass
         | of white wine and asked them to describe the flavor of each.
         | The students described the white with terms like "floral,"
         | "honey," "peach," and "lemon." The red elicited descriptions of
         | "raspberry," "cherry," "cedar," and "chicory."_
         | 
         | I think what this study showed is that oenology try to fit the
         | wine in front of themselves into the framework what they have
         | been taught. You see red wine and try to fit it into this
         | limited framework and describe it.
         | 
         | I think they were fooled indeed.
         | 
         | As a person who likes wine, I simply like to enjoy wine and not
         | to describe it and try to figure out what that smell or taste
         | resembles.
        
           | ogre_codes wrote:
           | > As a person who likes wine, I simply like to enjoy wine and
           | not to describe it and try to figure out what that smell or
           | taste resembles.
           | 
           | I feel similarly about beer and coffee. I hear people talk
           | about fruity flavors in coffee or other similarly weird
           | descriptions of beer and I taste it and just taste the
           | coffee. I can definitely taste the difference between fairly
           | distinct varieties of coffee (or beer). But when people talk
           | about getting cherry overtones in their coffee, I just shrug
           | and enjoy it.
        
           | UncleMeat wrote:
           | Sure. Only a small portion of people care about trying to
           | analyze wine. But it _is_ useful for selling wine. I like
           | wines with lots of non-fruit flavors. Seeing a description
           | with things I have heard used to describe wines I remember
           | liking is useful. So there is a place for descriptors even if
           | I buy wine to enjoy rather than analyze.
        
       | mpol wrote:
       | And still I do like my Pinot Noir a bit watery red :)
       | 
       | I don't really know what is happening in this context. Maybe a
       | lot of people have not much taste, or cannot disciminate between
       | different tastes or things?
       | 
       | I don't understand anything about the words that go along with
       | wine and beer reviews. I don't understand anything about using
       | words like chocolate or nuts in describing the taste of wine or
       | beer.
       | 
       | I do know what I like in my mouth, but that is also very
       | subjective. It also changes over time and can differ from day to
       | day. Some days I like a bitter hoppy beer, some days a fresh
       | pilsner. Some days I like a softer red wine, some days it may
       | have a 'bite'.
        
         | tasssko wrote:
         | Novelty plays a part in this too.
        
           | arbitrage wrote:
           | So does the amount imbided in a single go.
           | 
           | Sipping tastes different from drinking and gulping. If an
           | 'expert' doesn't know that, and isn't controlling for those
           | variances, then their opinion is not going to be terribly
           | rigorous.
           | 
           | Notably, Pepsi Cola made great use of these types of tricks
           | for their advertising campaign re: "Take the Pepsi
           | Challenge".
           | 
           | Much of taste is more subtle and experiential than many
           | realize.
        
             | dazc wrote:
             | I can't remember the reference but, from what I remember,
             | the moral of the story from the 'Pepsi Challenge' was to
             | disregard what people say they prefer the taste of and to
             | pay intention instead to what people actually buy.
        
             | rblatz wrote:
             | I took part in a Pepsi challenge at a water park as a kid.
             | I did and still prefer Coke, but the cute girl running the
             | booth would get excited and give me a prize if I picked
             | Pepsi. So not being an idiot I picked Pepsi, if you've ever
             | had both it's extremely easy to tell the difference.
        
       | ta988 wrote:
       | You cannot say a whole field is fake because of a single
       | experiments on students of that field. Neither can you by looking
       | at people using their diploma but lacking the real expertise. I
       | know chemistry PhDs I would never let run even the simplest
       | experiment... They still boast on social media that they are
       | experts, same with people selling wine and lying to clients to
       | make them believe the wine is good or taste like chocolate...
        
         | ericbarrett wrote:
         | I have witnessed with my own two eyes an experienced wine
         | aficionado call the grape type, terroir (micro-region) and year
         | of a brown-bagged wine, based on a single tasting. They were
         | off by one year, but otherwise correct. There's a ton of BS in
         | the wine world, but it's not all fake.
        
           | alexose wrote:
           | I have a few somm friends that can do this reliably. The
           | process of elimination is really fascinating to watch.
           | 
           | The reason it's possible, though, is because the majority of
           | commercial wine conforms to distinct, repeatable styles. A
           | grassy note in an amber-colored wine might narrow it down to
           | a single grape variety, a hint of smoke might indicate the
           | region. Then take the relative level of oxidation, and you've
           | got a decent guess at the year. Index that against your
           | mental database of all the possible wines that it _could_ be
           | (price point, availability, etc.), and you 've got a good
           | shot the exact bottle.
           | 
           | The level of knowledge required to do this without a book in
           | front of you is impressive, but it's not magic. More like 20
           | questions with a relatively narrow target area. The usual
           | tricks will fail when you try it with small producers, non-
           | traditional production techniques, or AVAs that don't
           | distribute widely.
        
             | ta988 wrote:
             | I have a friend that does that exclusively with small
             | producers wines (he is the owner of a store for specialty
             | wines now somewhere in France), same approach. He has a
             | traditional training in oenology, but spends his time
             | tasting and traveling around Europe to find new unique
             | things. Much more interesting oenological work than people
             | working only with the normalized big-ones.
        
         | JoeAltmaier wrote:
         | But its such a profound failure, it warrants skepticism of the
         | field. Or at least of schools that purport to teach a skill,
         | then fail at that entirely.
        
           | jfengel wrote:
           | And a seven year old article without a follow-up also
           | warrants skepticism. People have pointed out problems with
           | the headline conclusion.
           | 
           | To the degree that "skepticism" means thinking hard and
           | applying work to discern differences, it would be warranted.
           | To the degree that it's interpreted as general doubtfulness
           | without further effort or thought, that's actually the
           | opposite of true skepticism.
        
             | JoeAltmaier wrote:
             | Come on. We know that taste perception is very largely
             | influenced by expectation. Every drink orange juice just to
             | find out it's milk? Taste awful until you figure out "oh
             | that's just milk".
             | 
             | If it seems that wine chatter can be explained entirely by
             | the power of suggestion, then Occam's razor suggests that's
             | all there is to it. There's no need to invent magical
             | barely-detectable subtle flavor attributes to fermented
             | grape juice.
        
         | whatanattitude wrote:
         | But all republicans are racist amirite.
        
       | im3w1l wrote:
       | I suspect it wont replicate. Not because there was any flaw in
       | the original. But because today's students have heard of that
       | study and will be more suspicious.
        
         | ndnfjttkrk wrote:
         | Randomize the coloring?
         | 
         | Or make it part of a bigger study, for example "we want to test
         | if wine tasters are also good beer tasters"
        
       | walnut_eater wrote:
       | I'd like to point out a number of serious methodological issues
       | with this study.
       | 
       | 1. They tested whether the dye was tasteless on students who were
       | not wine students, just students pulled off of the agricultural
       | school campus. This study basically says "Group A, who aren't
       | trained in tasting, say that there's no taste. However, Group B,
       | trained in tasting, report a difference." (More on that
       | "difference" below.)
       | 
       | 2. They tested the dye as being tasteless when mixed with wine.
       | If it's truly tasteless they should do the same test with water.
       | I suspect they don't because it does have a taste, more in this
       | below.
       | 
       | 3. Even in their experiment on untrained students trying to show
       | that it is "tasteless," the wine containing dye was in fact
       | identified as tasting different 120/300 times (expected value
       | 100/300 if there was no difference in taste). This is not enough
       | evidence to show definitively whether the dye is tasteless or
       | not. The raw evidence reported actually indicates that it is more
       | likely to have a taste than to not have a taste.
       | 
       | 4. The way that they asked the wine students to compare the wines
       | is convoluted - overly complicated, as if to obscure the truth.
       | The wine students were asked to compare wines by sorting each
       | feature as belonging more to Wine A versus Wine B. So, if neither
       | wine particularly has some feature, you would still be forced to
       | assign the feature to one of the two wines. The only two wine
       | comparisons done were true white wine versus true red wine, and
       | then true white wine versus white wine dyed to look red. They
       | never actually do a comparison of the white wine dyed to look red
       | compared to true red wine, which would be the most informative
       | comparison.
       | 
       | I will transition here from methodological issues with this study
       | to my opinion on this study.
       | 
       | This study appears to have been designed with a specific outcome
       | in mind, regardless of the underlying truth about people's
       | ability to taste wine. The conclusions stated in the study are
       | not supported by the evidence actually collected in the study.
       | The best thing I can say for this paper is that they report their
       | methods clearly enough for someone to be able to see that they
       | are heavily flawed.
        
       | chiefalchemist wrote:
       | > The research, later published in the journal Brain and
       | Language, is now widely used to show why wine tasting is total
       | BS.
       | 
       | BS? Or simply subjective? Sure people are influenced by
       | "experts", as humans when isn't that true? Fashion? Music? The
       | list is endless.
       | 
       | We want to believe we are autonomous and independent but more
       | often we naturally conform to the norm around us. Third-party
       | insights and guidance are why we survived.
       | 
       | I like wine. But I drink what I like. My senses aren't
       | necessarily the same as someone else's. I'm sure if I tasted
       | enough wine I could become an "expert." But that doesn't appeal
       | to me. It takes the enjoyment out of it. I don't think that makes
       | experience and expertise BS. Merely subjective.
        
         | JoeAltmaier wrote:
         | Wine tasters make strong claims, and love to point out what
         | others are missing. Those claims are bunk.
         | 
         | If they simply said "That dress is marvelous! It looks great on
         | you! I love the daring neckline!" we could all accept that as
         | effusive enthusiasm.
         | 
         | But to pretend to have an entire lexicon, to write endless
         | descriptive books about it, makes wine tasters an entire level
         | of farce above anything else you care to name.
        
           | barrkel wrote:
           | You are wrong.
           | 
           | I might have agreed with you 20 years ago, but I know better
           | now.
           | 
           | Practice describing the flavours of the wine you drink, and
           | your flavour memory and perception will improve over time. I
           | generally drink a glass or two every evening, and it's
           | usually a new wine, one I've never tasted before. I've
           | written hundreds of tasting notes. One of the most
           | interesting things to come out of this is finding out
           | something later - e.g. a notable region or producer - and
           | then correlating this with past notes. I noted things myself,
           | over multiple samplings, which I later found - via experts -
           | were expected attributes within the category.
        
             | JoeAltmaier wrote:
             | That describes exactly, the power of suggestion of
             | perception. If it can all be explained by association
             | triggering memory-perception (and it can, as suggested by
             | the idea that 20 years of conditioning make it vivid) then
             | we can reasonably conclude that there's nothing to the wine
             | thing except that.
        
         | vagrantJin wrote:
         | I think the gripe with things like wine tasting is the
         | "elitist" nature of it all.
         | 
         | Tasting a lot of wines and beers either makes you an expert or
         | a drunk or an expert drunk or drunk expert?
         | 
         | Either way, theres no certainty that a drunk isn't an expert or
         | vice versa.
        
           | JoeAltmaier wrote:
           | Expert drunk. In Iowa wine and spirits are sold mostly my
           | state-run stores. They record the interesting fact that 90%
           | of their sales are to 10% of their customers. Which actually
           | puts that 10% at 81X the money spent on alcohol vs the rest
           | of the population. That's a lot.
        
             | rectang wrote:
             | This has profound implications for _how_ we legalize
             | marijuana, where the same dynamic holds and the real money
             | is in supplying the heaviest users.
        
             | adonovan wrote:
             | Exactly. The whole liquor industry would collapse overnight
             | were it not for their hard-core alcoholic customers. But
             | "Drink responsibly", everyone.
        
           | jfengel wrote:
           | Wine shouldn't be elitist. There are rich people playing
           | stupid games for stupid prizes, which is tiny but highly
           | visible because it lets people tell a story they want to
           | tell.
           | 
           | The vast majority of wine drinkers simply drink wine. Those
           | who really enjoy it may search out something interesting and
           | distinctive for special occasions. Those will be rarer and
           | more expensive, and the experience is difficult to convey, as
           | any purely sensual experience is difficult to convey.
           | 
           | You can enjoy wine without participating in any of that. But
           | don't be misled by the people putting on airs about it.
           | That's just people being voyeuristic about the wealthy and
           | seeking out snobbery to feel superior to. It's not about wine
           | at all.
        
       | RichardCA wrote:
       | John Cleese did a program about this, 20 years ago.
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/sHnz6KoYw_A
       | 
       | (TL;DR - He does the experiment at 16:30)
       | 
       | I took a wine class in college (my school had a Hotel/Restaurant
       | Management program, and offered the class as a General Ed
       | elective). Those classes are focused on the geography of the
       | different wine regions and taught nothing about how to train your
       | palate. And no one ever talks about the idea of Qualia and how
       | that can be different for different people.
        
       | ddek wrote:
       | I've got a few issues with most of these studies.
       | 
       | The media tends to make this worse, because these articles (and
       | their accompanying social media discussion) seem to exist solely
       | for writers and readers to claim superiority over the perceived
       | _elites_. Those pretentious wine snobs, don 't they know an Aldi
       | boxed wine tastes no better than their precious _Chateau Lafite
       | Rothschild_?
       | 
       | The argument is always the same: a classification of wine, such
       | as price, region, or even colour; is irrelevant to the _quality_
       | of the wine. I find the argument itself is valid, but not
       | convincing because it 's totally orthogonal to what I'd like from
       | a wine.
       | 
       | I don't care about a wines _quality_ score, whatever that is.
       | Wine has a deep and complex flavour, and different bottles have
       | different flavours. Many flavours are acquired tastes - not
       | everyone finds bitterness or tannin pleasant. This variety is
       | what does it for me.
       | 
       | Honestly, I find these studies ridiculous. Our sense of taste
       | depends so much on our eyes and nose, that such trickery will
       | always get you results. I don't doubt I'd fall for such a trick.
       | 
       | Anyway, if using junk science to bash people for their preferred
       | beverages is your favourite pastime, you do you. _Something-
       | something inferiority compl-cough_
        
         | yeetman21 wrote:
         | seething "aficionado" detected. were you the one in the study
         | and is that why you are so triggered?
        
         | cbmuser wrote:
         | I don't know why you're so upset about this article.
         | 
         | The experiment basically just proves that wine "science"
         | doesn't live up to scientific standards and therefore shouldn't
         | be considered science.
         | 
         | I do agree though that every wine tastes differently and that
         | therefore wine drinkers have preferences.
        
           | boomboomsubban wrote:
           | What about this experiment doesn't live up to standards? It
           | seems well set up and supports the hypothesis that perception
           | takes precedence to smell/taste when describing things.
        
         | mrmonkeyman wrote:
         | Tannines, complex flavours? Sure. Let's actually taste the
         | difference between red and white first, sir, then we'll talk
         | about the other bs.
        
       | PopGreene wrote:
       | > In a sneaky study, Brochet dyed a white wine red and gave it to
       | 54 oenology (wine science) students. The supposedly expert panel
       | overwhelmingly described the beverage like they would a red wine.
       | They were completely fooled.
       | 
       | I don't understand. Why would anyone think of a student as an
       | expert? I'm not saying that oenologists aren't full of it. I'm
       | saying that this study doesn't prove what this article claims it
       | does. Why doesn't the author report on a study with established
       | experts instead?
        
         | mkl95 wrote:
         | I think that raises questions about the quality of the wine
         | more than about anything else. I'm more of a beer guy but I can
         | easily tell white from red wine. Both taste and aftertaste are
         | very different.
        
           | GuB-42 wrote:
           | You probably can't.
           | 
           | You probably can make a difference between a red wine you are
           | familiar with with a white wine you are also familiar with.
           | Both served the usual way.
           | 
           | Besides the color, red and white wines are typically served
           | at a different temperature (that alone change things
           | completely) and with different dishes. So of course, make all
           | parameters different and they are going to taste different.
           | 
           | I can usually make the difference pretty easily but I drank
           | some white wines that I definitely would have thought were
           | red if blind. But that's typically wine made to be paired
           | with the main course and served at a higher temperature than
           | usual.
           | 
           | And sure, some wines are unmistakable. If a wine is loaded in
           | tanins, it is most likely deep red and the taste is obvious.
           | The opposite is not that easy.
        
           | rsync wrote:
           | With respect, and without any particular knowledge of your
           | experiences, I _would suggest_ that your impression of  "red"
           | and "white" wine is shaped by very typical examples of both.
           | 
           | There is an incredibly broad array of flavor, mouth feel,
           | aromas, etc., in both red and white wine and while you and I
           | might very reliably discern a Napa Chardonnay from an
           | Argentine Malbec there are many white and red wines that are
           | well off the spectrum of what we think of as "red" and
           | "white" wines.
           | 
           | I have done a lot of wine tasting all over the world and I am
           | certain you could fool me with regard to red vs. white - if
           | you chose interesting and unconventional examples ...
        
             | jcelerier wrote:
             | > is shaped by very typical examples of both.
             | 
             | which is what everyone means by "red" and "white" wine.
             | when you process your data points you're supposed to remove
             | the outliers.
        
           | nimih wrote:
           | Scientists: We took a bunch of people who claim they can tell
           | red wine from white wine based on taste, and successfully
           | fooled most of them with food coloring.
           | 
           | Internet commenter reading the study: I can definitely tell
           | red wine from white wine based on taste.
        
             | mkl95 wrote:
             | Any Spanish person who claims they cannot tell red from
             | white wine is probably a teetotaller. However you can buy
             | extremely good wine for a few EUR here, which leads me to
             | think these people may have been served some watered down
             | stuff for budget reasons.
        
               | gameswithgo wrote:
               | Until you do a blind taste test on yourself, you don't
               | _know_ that you can tell.
        
               | pyramidal wrote:
               | Gwern is that you?
               | 
               | (Just kidding. I know he doesn't have a monopoly over
               | blind/randomized self-tests.)
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | mxcrossb wrote:
       | I wonder if this is just making it clear that the words we use
       | for describing red and white wines are fixed, and not that the
       | students really couldn't tell the difference in flavor between
       | red and white wine. Does the visual information change our taste,
       | or merely our vocabulary?
        
       | touggourt wrote:
       | As a professional cooker, I can confirm that vision is the most
       | important part in tasting. I've read other studies that shows
       | that taste is a brain build which include senses and feelings.
       | Everyone has done a dinner with good friends, eating pasta with
       | butter and drinking some basical wine -- do you remember how it
       | was delicious ?
        
         | tzs wrote:
         | You can see this on nearly every season of "Hell's Kitchen",
         | where they have a taste test challenge. Pairs from the two
         | teams go head to head having to taste and identify things while
         | blindfolded and with their hearing blocked.
         | 
         | Here's the one from season 12 [1] where of the 16 items they
         | were asked to identify, one team got 6 right and one team got 4
         | right.
         | 
         | [1] https://youtu.be/b-YwHQh6RaM?t=398
        
         | philliphaydon wrote:
         | > I can confirm that vision is the most important part in
         | tasting.
         | 
         | Unless your name is Christine Ha.
         | 
         | :)
        
         | pcrh wrote:
         | As they say: "On mange d'abord avec les yeux".
        
       | dandare wrote:
       | Are there any studies showing the opposite results?
        
       | fbelzile wrote:
       | Wine tasting is an art of deduction. The first step of any wine
       | tasting is to look at the color, rim variation, legs, etc. From
       | there, you take account the smell and taste. At a professional
       | level, this is always done in a particular order to help narrow
       | down possible characteristics for the next step. If you change
       | the color of the wine, you'll send the wine taster down a
       | completely different mental flow chart.
       | 
       | The tasters assumed the wine didn't have food coloring and
       | correctly used all senses available to them to do the tasting.
       | It's very disingenuous to point out that they should have used
       | more white wine descriptors. The wine was red, so they used that
       | information to further deduct characteristics of red wine.
       | 
       | I also find it peculiar that they don't mention the variety used
       | for this study [1]. The color of the wine comes from how long
       | skins are left with the must (skin contact) while making the
       | wine. There are many wine varieties (white and red) that taste
       | very similar. In some cases, you can have both a white and red
       | coming from the exact same grapes (Pinor Noir, for example).
       | 
       | [1] I did Ctrl+F for "variety" on the study:
       | https://web.archive.org/web/20070928231853/http://www.academ...
        
         | ahepp wrote:
         | If you were asked to identify a mystery wine, color would
         | certainly be an important piece of information.
         | 
         | If you, as a wine taster, were asked to describe the taste of a
         | mystery wine, I think it's somewhat disappointing if the color
         | of the wine affects your perception.
         | 
         | Isn't taste supposed to be a first-order sensory experience?
         | 
         | I can't think of a more charitable interpretation of these
         | results than "we have different vocabularies for red and white
         | wines, even to describe the same tastes".
        
           | watwut wrote:
           | Wine tasters are taught to use color and other visual
           | properties.
        
         | JoeAltmaier wrote:
         | Reading that, I'm confused about the conclusion. The wine
         | tasters were looking for flavors, and said they found them. If
         | they weren't there, they should have said so.
         | 
         | The inescapable conclusion is, the supposed differences between
         | white and red wine are imaginary. They are not in the wine, but
         | in the taster's head. In the 'mental flow chart', the chart
         | they use to _make up words about what they 're tasting_.
        
           | matwood wrote:
           | > The inescapable conclusion is, the supposed differences
           | between white and red wine are imaginary.
           | 
           | The problem is that white/red is a very large grouping of
           | wine. There are very light reds with low tannins that could
           | be hard to tell particularly if served at room temp. There
           | are some robust white wines that fall into this same overlap.
           | In general, red vs. white is normally pretty easy assuming
           | typical red and white wine.
           | 
           | Within these large groupings of white/red there are also
           | other trick wines. Reds where the grape seems like a
           | different grape due the region or wine process. Dry Rieslings
           | are often tricky because most people assume sweet. So non-
           | expert tasters being tricked by trick wines is not really an
           | interesting find.
           | 
           | The problem for most people with wine tasting is it's hard to
           | do it in a way to learn. It's not enough to buy a bottle
           | once/week. In one trip to France, I tasted 100+ wines over a
           | 2 week period. Only when you have wines side by side, day
           | after day do you really start to learn. Sommeliers taste
           | 1000s of wines over many years, taking notes and actively
           | working to learn the flavors.
        
           | fbelzile wrote:
           | I might get down-voted more, but I'm going to dig in because
           | I don't think you know what you're talking about.
           | 
           | I'm not sure of the qualifications held by the tasters in the
           | study and the quality of the descriptors used, but I've spent
           | quite a bit of time with people training for the advanced
           | level of The Court of Master Sommeliers. At first, I was a
           | skeptic of wine tasting but they completely changed my mind
           | after doing a number of blind tastings with them. They would
           | usually be able to pick out the variety of grape(s) used
           | along with a rough part of the world the wine came from
           | during blind tastings.
           | 
           | > _differences between white and red wine are imaginary_
           | 
           | In most cases, they're not. There are some exceptions such as
           | light bodied reds that can be very similar in taste to some
           | orange or white wines, but largely, each wine has different
           | chemical composition (different polyphenolic profiles) and a
           | good sommelier can tell the difference. Here's the deductive
           | tasting format used by 'the court' if you interested in all
           | the different things you can look for in a wine: https://www.
           | mastersommeliers.org/sites/default/files/ES%20Ta...
        
           | watwut wrote:
           | > The inescapable conclusion is, the supposed differences
           | between white and red wine are imaginary.
           | 
           | You could conclude that only after blind test.
        
       | futevolei wrote:
       | I remember drinking crystal pepsi back in the day and it being a
       | total mind f*ck. A few times I swore I was drinking 7up. So I
       | would like to pile on wine experts here but I don't think this
       | study proves they are idiots.
        
         | TazeTSchnitzel wrote:
         | It didn't actually taste quite the same as normal Pepsi though,
         | right? The desire to make it transparent necessitated removing
         | the caramel colour, which also affected flavour. It also lacked
         | caffeine, which is a pretty noticeable flavouring too.
        
           | futevolei wrote:
           | I'm not sure, you might be right...or it might have tasted
           | exactly the same but people thought it tasted different due
           | to the visual effect.
        
       | the-dude wrote:
       | A friend of mine obtained a bottle of blue ketchup once.
        
       | thinkingkong wrote:
       | Another somewhat famous study involved taking a cheap wine and an
       | expensive wine and swapping the bottles. When people tasted the
       | wines and the bottles were hidden, people accurately scored the
       | wines. When the bottles were visible, people preferred the wine
       | in the expensive bottle. All but the experts were susceptible to
       | this effect.
        
         | JoeAltmaier wrote:
         | <citation>
        
         | NoSorryCannot wrote:
         | It seems on the face of things that a good expert would know
         | about these psychological heuristics and would deliberately
         | blind themselves, according to some method suitable for the
         | field.
         | 
         | I doubt it's reliably the case that experts will be immune to
         | the tricks of the human brain, unless they don't own one.
        
         | tester756 wrote:
         | >When people tasted the wines and the bottles were hidden,
         | people accurately scored the wines.
         | 
         | >All but the experts were susceptible to this effect.
         | 
         | I dont understand
         | 
         | If people managed to "accurately scored the wines", then what
         | does "all but experts were suspectible" actually means?
        
           | u678u wrote:
           | Presumably it means some expensive wines are better than the
           | cheap wines and easily detected. Some expensive wines were
           | "enhanced" by a fancy bottle which even managed to fool the
           | experts.
        
         | esperent wrote:
         | > All but the experts were susceptible to this effect.
         | 
         | Even the experts, according to some studies, like the one
         | described in the title article, or here:
         | 
         | https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2013/jun/23/wine-ta...
        
           | wizzwizz4 wrote:
           | The one described in the title article was on students.
        
         | rectang wrote:
         | "We're secretly swapping their fresh brewed coffee with dark,
         | sparkling Folger's Crystals."
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CoLiyUZXW4
        
         | arbitrage wrote:
         | Great point. Without rigor, expertise is rarely more than
         | anecdotal.
        
         | robertlagrant wrote:
         | Which asks the question: if no one else can tell the
         | difference, are experts just able to detect what expensive wine
         | tastes like, as opposed to what nice-tasting wine tastes like?
        
           | lisper wrote:
           | > are experts just able to detect what expensive wine tastes
           | like, as opposed to what nice-tasting wine tastes like?
           | 
           | A real expert can do both. The problem is that "nice-tasting"
           | means different things to different people, and "nice
           | tasting" may or may not have any correlation or even overlap
           | with "expensive". The most expensive wines I've ever had have
           | tasted horrible, borderline undrinkable, because they have
           | all been very old wines, which I personally don't like. But
           | some people (apparently) like the taste of very old wines,
           | which are rare, and expensive to produce because they
           | (obviously) have to be stored for a very long time.
           | 
           | The main skill of a true wine expert is to be able to listen
           | to someone else describe what they like and then pick a wine
           | that matches that description or, even better, takes them
           | just a little bit outside of their usual comfort zone.
           | 
           | Wines don't become expensive because they are good. They
           | become expensive for the same reason any other commodity
           | does; the demand, for whatever reason, exceeds the supply.
           | There are really good wines that are cheap because they are
           | mass-produced, and really bad wines that are expensive
           | because they are rare, but have just enough people with more
           | money than sense willing to buy them for whatever reason.
        
           | rleigh wrote:
           | That's not what they are concluding. If they are tasting it
           | blind (with no preconception), their taste _is_ accurate. It
           | becomes inaccurate when there is external bias (like cost or
           | a particular label). Note that the actual article was based
           | on the assessments of students. I wouldn 't classify them as
           | trained experts, as I'll detail below.
           | 
           | I used to work in a brewery, and part of my job was beer
           | tasting. We used the same nomenclature and tasting training
           | as the wine industry. It's a qualitative assessment, but
           | there is a lot of science behind it, and the training is
           | actually quite difficult. You actually train on specific
           | samples with a single taste, initially very unsubtle and
           | clearly labelled. Then to pass certification you have to do
           | it completely blind. Next level up you progress to subtler
           | tastes and repeat. The really advanced people are genuinely
           | capable of discerning very specific chemical compounds with a
           | very high degree of accuracy.
           | 
           | The point I want to make here is that this is an actual
           | discipline in its own right, and the people practicing it in
           | industry aren't quacks. They have to pass examinations which
           | test their skills empirically and objectively against blinded
           | reference samples. You can't get certified without it, and no
           | one can pass without spending some serious effort getting the
           | training. I didn't stay in the industry long enough to become
           | an expert, but I have done the basics.
           | 
           | We used to do assessment sessions where you would rank 40
           | unlabelled samples lined up on a bench. Each one would be
           | scored between 1 and 10 on a defined scale for several
           | criteria. Both experts and novices like myself would do it,
           | and then they would do stats on the results of 20 or so
           | people to see how everyone in the expert group compared, and
           | how the novices did compared to the collective expert
           | assessment. So in industry, it is used in a semi-quantitative
           | way. (We have stuff like GC and GC-MS for more exact
           | quantitative measurements.)
        
             | edmundsauto wrote:
             | I want to push back on one of your central tenets.
             | 
             | > f they are tasting it blind ... their taste is accurate
             | 
             | It would be more accurate to say the tasting would be less
             | subjective. I don't think "accurate" is a good word -
             | people all taste things differently due to different taste
             | buds and psychological wirings.
             | 
             | But even then, removing the label doesn't mean people taste
             | anything objectively. They are bringing in their own biases
             | - maybe they are tired, hungry, or stressed.
             | 
             | Finally, (and this is my primary point), to taste is not
             | just to detect the presence of certain molecules. That may
             | be (part of) the objective experience, but is only part of
             | the puzzle. To taste something is to subjectively interpret
             | my enjoyment and experience of something edible. Adding the
             | label and cost can be part of that experience.
             | 
             | Further, the effect of showing the label has a pretty
             | consistent directional impact on ratings. What makes that
             | any different than, say, blocking a specific taste bud
             | receptor and changing what molecules are perceived? I
             | suggest the only difference is the abstraction layer at
             | which the influence occurs.
             | 
             | Taste is inherently subjective. Removing a label does not
             | make it more accurate. I argue further that labels/prices
             | add no more subjectivity than a persons particular
             | configuration of taste buds and neural wiring.
        
               | barrkel wrote:
               | I think you're muddling two meanings of the word taste:
               | the aesthetic sense, vs the chemical detection system of
               | your mouth and nose.
               | 
               | The latter is not subjective. The experience might be,
               | the qualia might be, and it will change with training and
               | priming, but the raw detection is what the parent is
               | talking about and that is objective.
        
               | rleigh wrote:
               | The first part of my reply could have been better. I
               | should have said "unbiased" rather than "accurate".
               | 
               | The training part is very much about learning to identify
               | specific chemicals, or groups of chemicals. That
               | absolutely is raw detection, as you say. Let me provide
               | some examples. For the "level 1" training, the most basic
               | stuff, samples would be things like: plain water, acid
               | (very dilute sulphuric acid), alkali (very dilute sodium
               | hydroxide), metal (copper and nickel metal coins in a
               | bottle of water), rubber (rubber tubing cut up in a
               | bottle of water), salt, sugar and a few others I've
               | forgotten (this was 22 years ago), maybe some other major
               | categories like aldehydes. Just for the record, you don't
               | actually drink any of that stuff down, it's tasting only
               | and its very dilute! When the solutions are all clear,
               | being able to identify each blind from some anonymised
               | samples is surprisingly difficult, especially when
               | diluted so it's more subtle. But it's absolutely possible
               | with practice.
               | 
               | The higher levels are all more subtle things like many
               | different flavour compounds. For wine and beer, almost
               | exclusively aromatic hydrocarbons, along with esters and
               | other flavour compounds. I never did this but it's the
               | same process, but it's much more difficult. Instead of
               | under 10, you have an industry-standard reference set of
               | IIRC around 60 compounds, and you have to be able to
               | identify each and every one blind when diluted in
               | isolation. And obviously in a drink you have to be able
               | to identify them all individually in combination as well.
               | This is the part that takes the most time and effort to
               | master. And it's these people that I wouldn't question
               | too much regarding their skills, because they actually
               | had to pass objective assessments to demonstrate those
               | skills. This is really hard!
               | 
               | This is why I'm a little disappointed that the original
               | article mentioned using students. They would be unlikely
               | to have achieved that level of competence. It takes many
               | months, if not years, of regular practice to get to that
               | level. I spent a year doing the basic training and then
               | continual daily testing and monthly assessments, and
               | while I still class myself as being at a very basic
               | level, I'd still likely have more practical experience
               | than them.
               | 
               | Regarding subjectivity and the "experience" of taste,
               | that's absolutely taken on board as well. But it's a
               | separate question. For where I worked, every product had
               | a spec sheet, mostly physical and chemical properties but
               | also a taste profile. The professional tasters could make
               | sure it met that profile exactly. The rest of us just
               | made sure it looked and tasted as a consumer would expect
               | it to.
               | 
               | For those who are wondering about why those specific
               | "level 1" tastes, they aren't random and they are
               | actually serving an additional purpose. Those are to also
               | pick up on product contamination. Metal and rubber from
               | storage tanks and pipework. Acid and alkali from cleaning
               | agents and coolant. I actually had to check for the
               | latter once when we had a potential set of hairline
               | cracks in a tank suspected of leaching coolant [in
               | beverage production, they use very concentrated KCl since
               | it's non-toxic if it leaks, but at pH14 it's nasty
               | stuff].
        
               | hilbert42 wrote:
               | _" If they are tasting it blind (with no preconception),
               | their taste is accurate."_
               | 
               | Very true, however there's a great deal of pretentious BS
               | in the wine-tasting game. No matter how long one has been
               | tasting wine, ultimately one has to have some degree of
               | competence to analyze and then describe what one is
               | actually tasting.
               | 
               | That said, I'm sure people can be trained to develop
               | wine-tasting skills and that they actually get better
               | with experience--but ultimately one cannot make a silk
               | purse out of a sow's ear no matter how good the training.
               | 
               | I claim no great expertise in the wine-tasting/oenology
               | game and I'm sure that I'd likely have been fooled by the
               | dyed 'red' wine as described in the article (if I were to
               | be so fooled then I would have had a certain class of red
               | wines in mind when doing the comparison).
               | 
               | Nevertheless, I do have little wine experience and I have
               | found that it is often just sufficient to catch out the
               | true BS artists. One only has to be marginally better at
               | discriminating which wine is better than they are then
               | their BS status becomes pretty obvious.
               | 
               | I recall a couple of decades ago attending a rather
               | expensive black-tie blind tasting of about 25 so-called
               | experts with an engineering colleague of mine (he too had
               | had some experience in tasting reasonable-to-good wines).
               | As techies, we were the odd ones out, as we didn't work
               | in the wine industry and most of the others did.
               | Moreover, the master of ceremonies was a long-time well-
               | known wine writer for a large newspaper and had a number
               | of wine books to his name.
               | 
               | As I mentioned, it was a blind tasting and the wines were
               | the then newest (just released) first and second class
               | Bordeaux growths with the exception of the Mouton
               | Rothschild (it was either unavailable or too expensive to
               | include). This much we all knew before the tasting. The
               | aim of the exercise was to determine the best wines then
               | rank them in order using the 3-7-10 scoring system.
               | 
               | Anyway, like many blind tasting, it turned out to be
               | pretty much of a shambles. The so-called experts
               | including the wine writer were all over the place,
               | mistaking first growths for second and vice versa. A
               | final exercise for everyone was to guess the Lafite
               | Rothschild, for without the presence of the Mouton, it
               | was the most expensive wine there. _(BTW, it 's not the
               | first time I've seen our wine writer in action and he was
               | again true to form on this night.)_
               | 
               | The only ones to get the Lafite correct were my colleague
               | and I (I nearly made myself sick from trying to hide my
               | smirks it was so damn funny)! Incidentally, the Lafite
               | wasn't all that hard to guess, as it was true to form and
               | it was also the best wine of the night.
               | 
               | Now back down to earth. Every winter I used to attend a
               | different group for food and wine dinners. They too were
               | black-tie events and were held approximately a month
               | apart. It was organized by a guy who owned a wine
               | cellar/emporium and the dinners/tastings were held at the
               | cellar. This guy was truly one of the best and up there
               | with the likes of Hugh Johnson and Michael Broadbent--he
               | was certainly the best I've ever come across. Most of us
               | were awestruck by his ability.
               | 
               | Incidentally, all four of these guys are in the Wiki
               | _List of wine personalities:_
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wine_personalities.
               | Thus is goes to show that sometimes BS can get one
               | _almost_ everywhere.
               | 
               | Incidentally, with respect to being fooled by the dyed
               | white wine. It seems to me that if these oenology student
               | were actually fooled then they must have been familiar
               | with lighter style reds a la Provence or similar and
               | comparing the wine with those reds. For I fail to see how
               | any robust red--Bordeaux first growths, Californian
               | (Stags' Leap Cabernet, etc.) or Australian Reds (Grange
               | or similar) could ever be mistaken for a white or vice
               | versa, irrespective of color or in a blind tasting, for
               | these big red styles are just too distinctive to be
               | mistaken for whites in any circumstances. Even neophytes
               | should be able to tell the difference.
        
               | rleigh wrote:
               | > Very true, however there's a great deal of pretentious
               | BS in the wine-tasting game.
               | 
               | Absolutely agreed 100%. I've been to a few organised
               | tasting events, and I think at that level it's pretty
               | much all pretension and style over substance. It's for
               | the experience and the entertainment, and at that level I
               | have no problem with it.
               | 
               | I just wanted to provide a perspective about how it's
               | used industrially for wholly serious purposes, where
               | people train to objective standards, and have to pass
               | formal examinations to demonstrate their skill. You can't
               | pass them with pretension, they are the real deal. The
               | simple examination was tough enough for me, and that only
               | increased my respect for the really skilled people.
               | 
               | At the industrial level, the tasting is also done
               | alongside and correlated with quantitative scientific
               | analysis. The lab I worked in ran each batch through GC-
               | FID (basic stuff), headspace-sampling GC-FID (volatile
               | aromatics), alongside a battery of additional physical
               | and chemical analyses (too many to list here, there are
               | at least 20, the big brewers take product quality and
               | safety really seriously). And we had GCMS and LCMS
               | systems and other more detailed tests as options on
               | demand to test more obscure stuff like metal content (for
               | making Marmite yeast extract where iron levels are
               | important, apparently).
               | 
               | One of the key roles of the tasters isn't just at
               | production, it's to assess how the character changes over
               | time when assessing shelf-life, where there may be
               | negative things like oxidation, bacterial contamination,
               | lightstruck reactions, and other factors which influence
               | the taste change over time. All very rare. Saw one
               | example of oxidation in my entire time there, in a small
               | batch for export. We would taste every batch once a month
               | over the course of its entire shelf life. Bottles, cans,
               | kegs, everything. That's where we would do group
               | assessments where the qualified tasters and ourselves
               | would taste everything blind.
        
               | hilbert42 wrote:
               | Right, there's many issues here and I'll comment about
               | them in a later post (I've run out of time).
               | 
               | However one comment before I go, what you're describing
               | seems not that dissimilar to the perfumery business.
               | Training for that is intense and takes years.
        
       | optimalsolver wrote:
       | Now do one for Stradivarius violins.
        
         | mamon wrote:
         | That has been done multiple times. It is easy: just record the
         | sound and compare acoustic signatures. And yes, Stradivarius is
         | different.
         | https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/may/21/scientists-f...
        
           | optimalsolver wrote:
           | This double-blind study found that experts preferred modern
           | violins to Strads in listening tests:
           | 
           | https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/05/million-dollar-
           | strad...
        
             | casion wrote:
             | These studies are flawed in ways that every experienced
             | musician recognizes they are: context.
             | 
             | It's _common_ that instruments that sound amazing in a solo
             | context will sound poor in a larger ensemble, or might
             | sound great in one ensemble but not another.
             | 
             | Personal context factors in: how does it feel, how stable
             | is the neck, is it work in commonly stressed spots (usually
             | good), is the design kind to your habits, etc...
             | 
             | Business context: prestige, visual impact, lineage,
             | historical accuracy, marketability etc...
             | 
             | I could go on, but I don't think it's controversial to say
             | that an instrument's sonic qualities alone, in a solo
             | context, are NOT what drives value.
             | 
             | I know that, as of this comment, nobody has made the claim
             | or implied it yet, but it's important not to draw
             | conclusions about one instrument being better than another
             | based on studies like this. Imagine if someone went around
             | comparing generics syntax across languages to 'experts and
             | laypeople', and the comments filled with praise for the
             | scrappy underdog. I think the average HN commenter would
             | spot the BS right away. For music though?
             | 
             | It's simply not what music is about.
        
               | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
               | Stradivarius violins are invariably played and sometimes
               | owned by soloists, who either literally play solo, lead a
               | concerto, or occasionally play with a pianist or as part
               | of a small ensemble.
               | 
               | First violin in an orchestra will usually have a more
               | modest instrument.
               | 
               | Edit to add: of course there's a lot of Veblenisation in
               | music, and this gets silly when people who are really
               | collectors try to do music and end up being just a more
               | extreme kind of consumer.
               | 
               | Hifi, guitars, synthesizers, and recording equipment are
               | full of this - plenty of moderately wealthy doctors,
               | lawyers, financiers and such of low-to-average talent
               | buying vintage or custom signature whatevers and
               | displaying them proudly on social media.
               | 
               | But there are also professionals who are super-sensitive
               | to tone and expression and have a (literal) track record
               | of making choices that audiences respond to.
               | 
               | Some of them have impressive collections too, but they're
               | able to justify them for specific creative ends.
               | 
               | The difference is that if you take an expert and give
               | them an average instrument they'll do miracles with it.
               | If you take a collector and give them a room full of
               | classics they'll produce mediocre mush.
               | 
               | But give an expert the classics and they'll wring an
               | extra level of musical credibility and interest out of
               | them. That zone is out of reach of the collectors, but
               | audiences still appreciate it and pay for it when they
               | hear it.
        
               | casion wrote:
               | I find your response somewhat strange. I'm saying that
               | context matters, and your response is that... context
               | matters?
               | 
               | It would appear that I'm being misread to defend a
               | specific instrument. I'm saying that there's more value
               | to an instrument than simply a 1:n listening test. That
               | goes for ANY instrument.
               | 
               | Regarding people spending money on things they can't
               | fully use (or sometimes appreciate), of course. That
               | happens with everything.
        
               | im3w1l wrote:
               | I think he is saying that they are used by soloists which
               | is also how they are compared. So the context is the
               | same.
               | 
               | Before going on a huge (but interesting) tangent.
        
               | casion wrote:
               | Sure, but thats not the only contingent of context.
               | Location, piece, player, specific instrument, time of
               | year etc...
               | 
               | I'm in no way saying that this means a specific
               | instrument is better, but specifically that we can't draw
               | that conclusion from these types of studies.
               | 
               | (I understand that you're not the parent, but it's still
               | an interesting discussion)
        
               | tyleo wrote:
               | I don't know if I understand your point about generics
               | syntax and a scrappy underdog. Are you trying to imply
               | that a group of experts is better than the group of
               | experts and laypeople at judging things? If so, I'm not
               | sure that's true.
        
               | casion wrote:
               | No, I'm saying that generics syntax doesn't express the
               | value of a language.
        
             | analog31 wrote:
             | Interestingly enough, all of the Strads in playable
             | condition have been modernized to some extent. They have
             | changed the shape of the bass bar, the neck length, and
             | steel / synthetic strings. Meanwhile, the bow has changed
             | as well.
             | 
             | There is a growing sentiment among violinists that the
             | Strads and their ilk are being surpassed by new fiddles,
             | and are possibly also in decline.
        
             | sandworm101 wrote:
             | The experts do prefer the more modern sound, but the core
             | of the study proves that strats are different. They have a
             | special sound. If that's what you want to hear then you
             | need a strat. And we should not discount the psychological
             | effects on the player of playing and living with such a
             | legendary object. Great paintings are more than pixels.
             | Great instruments are more than sound boxes.
        
               | analog31 wrote:
               | Watch out, a "strat" is a Stratocaster. ;-)
        
           | fenomas wrote:
           | Um. That article describes a study where the researchers took
           | recordings of different violins, looked for a difference in
           | the strads, and found one. That doesn't establish that strads
           | sound different, it presupposes it.
           | 
           | Surely if they wanted to show that strads sound different
           | they'd need to test whether their method lets them predict
           | whether an unknown recording is a strad or not?
        
         | TwoBit wrote:
         | They have. And modern violins in these studies scored better as
         | I recall.
        
         | analog31 wrote:
         | Most musicians recognize that the subjective assessment of
         | instruments is deeply problematic. We have not been offered a
         | good alternative.
         | 
         | I'm not a violinist, but a double bassist. The process of
         | choosing an instrument is nothing short of nerve wracking. My
         | last bass shopping episode took me more than a year. I'd love
         | to be able to know with certainty that the sound I'm hearing is
         | real and not biased by my expectations. With some of the
         | instruments, I had to make minor changes to my technique, to
         | accommodate physical differences in their geometry and setup.
         | In one case, I asked the dealer to install a different type of
         | strings, which he was glad to do.
         | 
         | Now, do we know that different basses sound different? That
         | would at least be a safe guess, given that they are
         | _deliberately_ made to sound different for specific uses and
         | player preferences, and there are radical differences in
         | construction and dimensions. One of my basses is carved from
         | solid chunks of wood, the other is made of plywood that is
         | formed to shape in a mold.
        
         | JoeAltmaier wrote:
         | What would you measure? One feature of very good musical
         | instruments is, they make it far easier to get the sounds you
         | want. They are versatile and flexible, with a wide range of
         | possible responses. They sound like what the artist intends,
         | which is why they are so popular to play.
         | 
         | So are you measuring the artist? How would you measure this
         | quality in the instrument?
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | Or "audiophile quality" amps.
        
           | leeoniya wrote:
           | "most people use equipment to listen to their music, while
           | audiophiles use music to listen to their equipment"
           | 
           | Opus 160kbps (VBR)
           | 
           | :D
        
       | rectang wrote:
       | I used to make a living as a mastering engineer, where the job
       | description is to make many tiny changes near or even beyond the
       | threshold of perception, which when summed may add up to a
       | perceptible whole.
       | 
       | How to do this? It's simple: isolate and magnify. Zoom in to
       | where your senses become reliable, make a change informed by your
       | knowledge and experience which you predict will be beneficial,
       | then zoom out. You don't _need_ "golden ears" to be effective:
       | you need an understanding of your tools and techniques and an
       | appreciation for how they affect the gestalt.
       | 
       | The human perceptual mechanism is prone to illusion, and
       | unreliable for measuring and comparing fine detail -- that's not
       | what it's for. You won't go wrong if you think of it as primarily
       | designed by evolution to model and identify threats: to hear a
       | twig snap while ignoring the wind blowing, to perceive that hint
       | of unusual movement by something vaguely alligator-shaped in your
       | peripheral vision while ignoring the waves.
       | 
       | Enjoy wine, or that Stradivarius recording, accepting that you
       | might be fooling yourself. Even if you might be wrong about the
       | wine or the Strad, you know for absolute certain whether it is
       | making you happy! Leave it to the critics to claim perceptual
       | accuracy they don't possess and to risk being exposed.
        
         | ogre_codes wrote:
         | > Enjoy wine, or that Stradivarius recording, accepting that
         | you might be fooling yourself.
         | 
         | Yes, but it's also good to be aware that there are limits to
         | your perception and take advantage. The 80% rule definitely
         | works here. I don't drink wine, but at least with beer,
         | tequila, and coffee, there is a pretty obvious gap between the
         | cheap/ low end stuff and the good stuff, but paying
         | significantly more for higher end brands isn't worth it.
         | 
         | So focus on getting out of that low end category and really
         | enjoy the good stuff because the supposed "great" high end
         | stuff is rarely worth tripling what you pay (or more).
        
           | fiddlerwoaroof wrote:
           | What I've found is that the difference between an $30 bottle
           | of wine and a $8 bottle isn't necessarily quality, it's
           | consistency: buying the same $8 bottle of wine 10 times can
           | result in five great bottles and five so-so bottles, with a
           | $30+ bottle, it's more like 1% of the time you get a bad
           | bottle. So, when I'm giving a present or planning a party, I
           | tend to gravitate to the more expensive bottles because it
           | makes the outcome more certain.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | ogre_codes wrote:
             | Buying into the mid-range is fine. It's what I do with beer
             | a tequila. Buying the $200 bottles is where I question the
             | logic. Even the expert tasters struggle to differentiate
             | between a good $20-30 bottle and a $400 bottle in double
             | blind tests.
             | 
             | I don't drink Sanka or Coors, I just use good coffee beans
             | and drink good local beer. I don't spend $200 on exotic
             | coffee beans feral cats have shit out.
             | 
             | The only reason I put the $6 in parens for wine is because
             | I don't drink wine and don't really know where the price
             | point is for a solid mid-range wine is.
        
               | turndown wrote:
               | I don't drink coffee, and probably never will, but I
               | remember listening to a podcast once where two coffee
               | drinkers who derided the whole "eat coffee beans shit out
               | by a civet" idea tried it and said it was the best coffee
               | they had ever had. YMMV
        
               | ogre_codes wrote:
               | With wine, lots of people claim to be able to taste the
               | difference between an expensive wine and a cheap one, but
               | as soon as you did a double-blind test, they couldn't
               | tell them apart.
               | 
               | I would be extremely curious to see if the civet coffee
               | was still there if there was double-blind taste test.
               | 
               | And sure enough, someone has done it.
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDXWgVr_z30
               | 
               | The civet coffee doesn't even come in second place out of
               | 5. Obviously not scientific.
        
               | rectang wrote:
               | Being an ordinary human, I will never know how trolls
               | trolling trolls had a hand in bringing us this tale of
               | Kopi Luwak.
               | 
               | * you
               | 
               | * the two Kopi Luwak drinkers
               | 
               | * the merchant who sold them the Kopi Luwak
               | 
               | * the modern day manufacturers and wholesalers of Kopi
               | Luwak
               | 
               | * the genius who came up with Kopi Luwak
               | 
               | * the civet
               | 
               | How many are civet shit true believers? How many are
               | trolls -- some, none, all?
        
               | ogre_codes wrote:
               | There is also a lot of unethical/ inhumane sourcing on
               | civet coffee at this point.
        
             | twangist wrote:
             | This seems like a flawed approach. These days, $8 bottles
             | are a mass-produced affairs, generally full of additives
             | for body, color, 'legs', and other attributes. They're very
             | consistent affairs, as consistent as Bic pens or Cheetos.
             | They are not charmingly rustic bottles from small
             | struggling vintners.
             | 
             | (Not sure where you live, but in major US cities $8 will
             | get you only the most mass-market stuff - Frontera, Yellow
             | Tail, etc.)
        
               | fiddlerwoaroof wrote:
               | This just isn't true: I'm in SoCal, and you can get a
               | very good bottle of wine at Trader Joe's for $8 (TJ store
               | label), but there's no guarantee that buying another
               | bottle with the same label tastes as good.
        
               | ogre_codes wrote:
               | So you buy the $8 wine and the $30 wine. Since it's
               | almost certain all the wine from the same batch is going
               | to be similar quality. If you get a good $8 bottle you go
               | back the next day and buy a couple cases of the good/
               | cheap stuff. If the cheap stuff is not-so-good, drink the
               | $30 wine and use the cheap stuff to cook with.
               | 
               | This way you are guaranteed good wine.
        
         | JoeAltmaier wrote:
         | Sure. But lets have a good time mocking those deluded critics
         | as well. That's good fun too!
        
         | whiddershins wrote:
         | On this topic, what resource do you think is a really good one
         | for learning mastering?
        
           | gwynplaine wrote:
           | The book Mastering Audio by Bob Katz covers a lot of ground.
        
           | rectang wrote:
           | Try messing around with buss processing and track sequencing
           | while referencing other recordings in the same genre. Just
           | make sure to keep the unprocessed tracks around, and err on
           | the side of "less is more". There's a lot of overlap between
           | the aesthetic skills needed for mixing and those needed for
           | mastering.
           | 
           | The profession of mastering is much more than that, but
           | generally when people ask this question they want to know
           | about the aesthetics, not about stuff like thoroughly
           | grokking many source and delivery formats, etc.
        
         | trianglem wrote:
         | That's like enjoying a diamond you overpaid for or an art
         | forgery. Just because it makes you happy doesn't mean you
         | haven't been swindled.
        
           | rectang wrote:
           | So, buy cheap wine and enjoy it without regrets! :)
           | 
           | I know, that's empty advice. Drinking expensive wine is
           | usually about signalling social status; it's not really about
           | taste.
        
             | trianglem wrote:
             | Well I don't really drink but it's the principle of the
             | matter! I want to be happy and content without being
             | swindled.
        
         | xirbeosbwo1234 wrote:
         | >Even if you might be wrong about the wine or the Strad, you
         | know for absolute certain whether it is making you happy!
         | 
         | I also know for absolute certain that I can't afford expensive
         | wine and that there are people who look down at me because the
         | wine I drink shows I have an "unrefined palate".
         | 
         | Normally the concept of "elitism" is hogwash, but this is a
         | pretty clear-cut example. Expensive wine serves to make one
         | seem refined and worldly. It enables rich people to pretend
         | they are more cultured, more intelligent, and just plain
         | _better_ than the plebs because they think they have the taste
         | to appreciate a $500 bottle of wine.
         | 
         | Expensive wine is a tool of oppression. I actually don't think
         | that's hyperbole. It is a small tool that doesn't do anywhere
         | near as much damage as the prisons or the war on drugs or Fox
         | News, but it has the same effect.
        
           | camjohnson26 wrote:
           | Sour Grapes is a documentary about someone who sold a bunch
           | of counterfeit wine to elites that couldn't tell the
           | difference, worth a watch.
        
             | stickfigure wrote:
             | That's probably not a wholly fair characterization. Part of
             | the takeaway is that the perpetrator had a sophisticated
             | palate and spent a lot of time mixing already high-end (but
             | not $thousands/bottle) wine to work out the recipes.
             | 
             | I'm as skeptical as anyone that someone can distinguish
             | between a $2k and $200 wine. But to someone that drinks
             | wine daily, the difference between $6 and $60 wine (red, of
             | similar varietal and style) is pretty dramatic. Yeah, some
             | rich guys got suckered, but I don't think they were chumps.
        
       | u678u wrote:
       | Its kind of a social pressure though, it would be interesting to
       | know if the students were new or experienced. If you are a new
       | student and go into a clinical settings and someone gives you
       | "red wine", you'd be pretty brave to say it tastes like white
       | wine.
       | 
       | A good test would be to have a double blind study where they had
       | to judge if this wine was red wine or colored white. I'd imagine
       | most could easily tell.
        
       | ndnfjttkrk wrote:
       | To me red wine tastes very differently from white wine.
       | 
       | Am I fooling myself? Are they really indistinguishable?
       | 
       | Is it possible that the experts were afraid of using white
       | attributes for a red wine, like in social consensus experiments?
       | 
       | Did anybody ran a test in the dark, where you cant see the wine
       | at all?
        
         | ta988 wrote:
         | This is how most degustations of flavors experiments in
         | oenology schools are made these days. Dark glasses and red
         | light.
        
         | quercusa wrote:
         | Color definitely sets expectations. But I assume the red-tinted
         | white wine was served at red wine temperature, which would give
         | it a very different set of flavors.
        
         | watwut wrote:
         | People have strong tendency to describe things how they think
         | they "should be", especially when someone is looking.
         | 
         | Obviously you can tell red wine from white. But if they color
         | them wrong, you will trust your eyes mood then your taste.
        
         | barrkel wrote:
         | You are not fooling yourself. That said, there is huge variance
         | within the simple categories of red and white, and I could see
         | some particularly acidic red being mistaken for a white.
         | 
         | One way of subverting expectations is to try orange wine: white
         | wine fermented with skins. Orange wine has tannins and can show
         | some aspects you'd associate with a red, e.g. pepper. Yet it is
         | still more on the citrus rather than berry end of the flavour
         | spectrum.
        
       | jcampbell1 wrote:
       | The visual processing part of the brain can completely overwhelm
       | auditory processing: see the mcgurk effect.
       | 
       | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=2k8fHR9jKVM
       | 
       | I am not at all surprised that there are also olifactory
       | illusions which are impossible to "unsee".
        
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