[HN Gopher] Why blockchain is not yet working (2018)
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       Why blockchain is not yet working (2018)
        
       Author : max_
       Score  : 93 points
       Date   : 2021-02-14 09:45 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
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       | ffggvv wrote:
       | ironically the biggest issue with crypto as an actual currency is
       | stability, which could easily be solved via a stable coin or
       | something tethered. but there's zero excitement about that and
       | all the excitement is around bitcoin, because all people really
       | care about is that it goes up up in price
        
       | lima wrote:
       | Here's how things are looking in 2021:
       | 
       |  _(1) Scalability Issues_
       | 
       | Solved - there's a plethora of high-throughput chains in
       | development, either based on sharding or
       | pipelining/MVCC/optimistic concurrency. Some projects like Solana
       | use GPUs and JIT compilation to achieve well beyond 50k tps in a
       | distributed network.
       | 
       |  _(2) Lack Of Intuitive Private Key Management_
       | 
       | Little progress. Ledger and other hardware wallets make things
       | easier, but it's still far from intuitive. Non-technical holders
       | typically use centralized custody providers.
       | 
       |  _(3) Contract Security_
       | 
       | Some progress. Smart contract exploits still happen almost every
       | week, but there's a robust set of best practices, safe-by-default
       | standard libraries, and specialized auditing companies which make
       | it much easier to write bug-free contracts, if you're willing to
       | invest the time and effort.
       | 
       |  _(4) Consensus Algorithms Are Wack_
       | 
       | Solved very thoroughly. There has been significant progress in
       | byzantine fault-tolerant consensus, like Tendermint consensus[1]
       | used in the Cosmos ecosystem, providing strong consistency and
       | instant finality.
       | 
       |  _(5) Privacy_
       | 
       | Many developments around zero-knowledge proofs and similar
       | methods, but I don't know how viable those are.
       | 
       |  _(6) Price Volatility_
       | 
       | There's a number of trustworthy stablecoins like USDC pegged to
       | fiat currencies. Other than that, tokens are still highly
       | volatile and only useful as a high-risk investment.
       | 
       | [1]: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/9769
        
         | subaquamille wrote:
         | > 1) Solved: [... it's] in development
         | 
         | Wait what ?! Imagine saying this on a daily meeting !
        
         | ausbah wrote:
         | is there a good resource that you recommend that goes more in
         | depth over advances like these? I think my opinion on
         | cryptocurrencies and blockchain in general is severely out of
         | date
        
           | meowkit wrote:
           | Start with a non-Bitcoin crypto and understand its components
           | and how its supposed to work. Most of the core principles
           | carry over to other cryptos.
           | 
           | Ethereum.org and the the Ethereum blog would be my
           | suggestions as a primer.
        
       | ignoramous wrote:
       | I genuinely think HN is subject to what Clay Christensen put as
       | "disruptive innovation" when it comes to _Blockchain_ and friends
       | (strange to say that for a community as opposed to a company).
       | 
       | I understand that many on HN think of the many ICOs as Ponzi
       | schemes, and other tech (like identity, DBs, VPNs, apps, or even
       | alternate WWW) built on top as smokes and mirrors; but the
       | industry being built around it is very real even if niche.
       | There's a lot going on (including research) and it seems to me
       | like, one fine day, like how ARM sneaked up on x86, Blockchain is
       | going to take HN by surprise. And then, the disruption would have
       | truly arrived.
       | 
       | It isn't like the best sounding tech wins anyways.
        
         | space_rock wrote:
         | An ICO is a framework for a criminal conspiracy to defraud. As
         | outlined in the evidence gathered by the SEC on Ripple.
         | 
         | Make some outrageous sales pitch that experts in technology
         | would describe as vaporware
         | 
         | Sell your utility tokens. A worthless type of token
         | 
         | Buy some fake articles and pump the price. Dump on the suckers
         | that bought your tokens
         | 
         | Pay for a exchange listing on a junk exchange. Pump the token
         | and dump on the suckers that bought it
         | 
         | Exits, rinse and repeat
        
           | hanniabu wrote:
           | By your logic the stock market a scam because of penny
           | stocks.
        
             | space_rock wrote:
             | Penny stock is a utility token redeemable for an unproduced
             | good?
        
               | selestify wrote:
               | Penny stock is a utility token representing governance in
               | a company as well as the privilege of taking its profits
               | -- much like crypto governance tokens are.
        
             | space_rock wrote:
             | Penny stocks are companies building perpetual motion
             | machines and magic derivative technology with no trade-
             | offs?
        
           | space_rock wrote:
           | I accept all downvotes as validation of my observation on
           | ICOs
        
         | cblconfederate wrote:
         | Would be nice to have a decentralized HN . I m sure it exists
        
         | canoebuilder wrote:
         | > _but the industry being built around it is very real even if
         | niche. There 's a lot going on (including research)_
         | 
         | What are some concrete examples?
         | 
         | I think most of us who are critical are still interested,
         | because we _do_ see things that are going on, and we ask
         | ourselves, are we missing something?
         | 
         | But we seem to run into the same road blocks again and again.
         | 
         | "Solutions" seem to come from people subtly or transparently
         | "talking their book," that is, they have an undisclosed vested
         | interest in you not thinking too much about those roadblocks.
         | 
         | What is some fruitful research being done in the areas of well
         | known roadblocks? What are some application areas with a
         | genuine pathway to viability and no better non-blockchain
         | alternative?
        
           | spopejoy wrote:
           | I think smart contracts are actually extremely novel in the
           | form they take in Ethereum EVM, Tezos, Cardano, DAML and Pact
           | (I'm author of the latter). TBH I'm a little frustrated with
           | the evolution of smart contract langs post-2017, as I think
           | Ethereum's dominance has made most engs/projects uninterested
           | in innovating.
           | 
           | If you look around, it's actually very hard to find a
           | genuinely small language you can embed in your runtime, and
           | offer to users. Lua is a common suggestion, but Lua doesn't
           | let you lock down IO, or code loading (that is, without
           | writing your own interpreter and changing semantics -- what's
           | the point?). A truly pure smart contract language gives the
           | containing app full control over the entire runtime.
           | 
           | Smart contracts to me are a modern stored-procedure language
           | that you embed directly into your app, and give you a 100%
           | deterministic way to store long-term state, including code.
           | "Application DBs" like sqlite don't scratch this itch (for
           | instance sqlite doesn't have SPs). Plus, smart contracts are
           | metered (usually), which allows for a cost-model and prevents
           | against DOS. This plus the turing-incomplete angle makes them
           | reasonable to open up to the world.
           | 
           | Erlang and lambdas come to mind, and I can argue why they're
           | different too. But this is already too long :)
        
             | canoebuilder wrote:
             | >But this is already too long :)
             | 
             | Not at all, I appreciate the info.
             | 
             | Cardano I believe uses PoS of some sort.
             | 
             | What is the thinking about what keeps these distributed
             | application servers running? Is it still mainly the mining
             | reward model?
             | 
             | What sort of applications most excite you? Are there places
             | the distributed model works better than the traditional?
             | Are there applications the distributed model enables that
             | the traditional does not?
             | 
             | And vice versa, what are the limitations of the distributed
             | model? What things just aren't feasible? Could you build
             | Twitter or YouTube like systems?
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | loceng wrote:
         | That is speculation at the moment, a lovely fantasy to imagine
         | to come to fruition for any technology; a market cap that has
         | reached $1 trillion including price manipulation, I'm unsure it
         | warrants that valuation - and arguably it's not simply that
         | high due to price manipulation.
         | 
         | I do believe blockchain could help us solve some fundamental
         | problems - but only if it's tied to real trust and democratic
         | processes.
         | 
         | Bitcoin is a blockchain that's been structured to inherently be
         | an MLM, and if you think through to the conclusion - say once
         | 50% of the population has bought into Bitcoin, and now a
         | growing majority require the remaining society to adopt Bitcoin
         | to realize their gains - to unnecessarily, unreasonably
         | transfer wealth from later adopters weighted towards earlier
         | adopters - then you can how conflict will occur when the
         | remaining 50% of society don't want to be left holding the bag,
         | with no one else to then buy more Bitcoin for the last adopters
         | to get wealth transferred to them; and this is why it also
         | mimics a Ponzi scheme - it's just that there isn't a single
         | controller liker Madoff, but instead it's controlled via a
         | global, decentralized system that anyone can participate in.
        
           | selestify wrote:
           | It's not a Ponzi scheme any more than any other investment is
           | a Ponzi scheme. Once 50% of society buys gold, who's going to
           | realize their gains? Except for gold speculators, the point
           | isn't necessarily to just realize gains, the point is to own
           | an asset whose value is guaranteed not to disappear, even if
           | it fluctuates.
           | 
           | Granted, gold has a stronger guarantee than Bitcoin as of
           | now. But that doesn't make Bitcoin a Ponzi scheme.
        
       | jokethrowaway wrote:
       | Bitcoin is the mongodb of finance: You like its features but in
       | reality most people don't need them.
       | 
       | Mongo's scalability sounds great until you find yourself
       | reimplementing a relational database for your 1000 users app.
       | 
       | Bitcoin decentralisation sounds great but must people don't need
       | it. You just need a less evil and less corrupt government and
       | better fintech.
       | 
       | You're curing the symptoms, not the cause.
        
         | slim wrote:
         | Bitcoin decentralisation sounds great but must people don't
         | need it. You just need a less evil and less corrupt government
         | and better fintech.
         | 
         | your second sentence inadvertently convinced me I need bitcoin
        
           | imtringued wrote:
           | That less corrupt government will provide 1000% gains for
           | everyone. Bitcoin will give that only to those who buy it aka
           | rich people.
        
             | meowkit wrote:
             | I can't tell if this comment is disingenuous or just naive.
             | 
             | We've been trying to create less corrupt governments for
             | hundreds of years.
        
         | shaolinspirit wrote:
         | oh wow, are you straight from Disneyland?
        
       | bondarchuk wrote:
       | Is this what Gell-Mann amnesia feels like? I happen to be a bit
       | into cryptocurrency, and day after day I see these super basic
       | surface-level takes on blockchain get posted here and even
       | upvoted to the top spot. Are the other popular submissions here,
       | on programming languages, the internet, entrepeneurship and what
       | have you of similar low quality, but I just don't have the
       | experience in those fields to realize it? This is a serious
       | question.
        
         | freddie_mercury wrote:
         | Yes, absolutely. Outside of extremely narrow programming
         | niches, discussions on HN are generally very bad.
         | 
         | I don't think that's anything particularly unique to HN but is
         | simply a fundamental weakness of the "one forum for all
         | subjects" approach that HN takes contra Reddit.
        
         | ravanave wrote:
         | Technical content is generally of much higher standard.
         | Although HackerNews sometimes feels a bit like an echo chamber
         | with the type of content that gets popular.
         | 
         | I think there's just too many crypto-sceptics here, and that's
         | a shame because crypto solved a lot of challenges they're
         | talking about, and is on the rally to democratise everything
         | financial related. Something big that many people still miss
         | on, but with about 0.5% adoption rate we're at the early stage
         | of the innovators stage.
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_adoption_life_cyc...
         | 
         | Give it a few years until we get to the early adopters and for
         | sure the quality of content will improve. It just needs more
         | people reading about it and adopting it.
        
         | andreaorru wrote:
         | I'm having your same exact doubts. The quality of the
         | conversation about cryptocurrencies here on HN is abysmal.
         | Misinformation, or outdated information, is rampant.
         | 
         | Maybe that's the case for everything else that is discussed
         | here, but I just don't have enough domain knowledge to be able
         | to tell...
        
           | dschuler wrote:
           | This is ironic, because your posts are part of the problem.
        
             | andreaorru wrote:
             | Very possible. In that case, joke is on me. :)
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | gjulianm wrote:
         | This happens a lot in topics that the HN community is
         | interested in but not very knowledgeable in general. You can
         | usually trust the top voted articles in programming and
         | entrepeneurship because a lot of people here know about that.
         | But, for example, in maths and music (I happen to know
         | something about those) I see a lot of really bad articles and
         | takes being upvoted.
        
           | lima wrote:
           | I think it happens even for topics of programming and
           | entrepreneurship. HN is not a representative sample of the
           | software industry.
        
         | lima wrote:
         | > _Are the other popular submissions here, on programming
         | languages, the internet, entrepeneurship and what have you of
         | similar low quality, but I just don 't have the experience in
         | those fields to realize it?_
         | 
         | Yes, absolutely. There's some niche topics that I happen to
         | know a lot about, and the top stories and comments tend to be
         | very superficial and/or plain wrong.
         | 
         | On the other hand, there's usually someone around to call out
         | the inaccuracies :)
        
       | RurouniK wrote:
       | Bitcoin has been running non-stop for the past 12 years, used by
       | tens of millions of people,has a market cap of 1 Trillion and all
       | that while protecting the human rights around the world:
       | https://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/ldyy7s/bitcoin_is_...
       | 
       | But even if you are clueless enough to think that Bitcoin and
       | blockchain isn't working at least you should appreciate all the
       | breakthroughs in cryptography like Zero Knowledge proofs,
       | networking like libp2p, distributed storage like ipfs etc. that
       | emerged from the evolution of cryptocurrency tech.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | floo wrote:
         | Bitcoin has all of the problems listed in the article and is,
         | arguably, not yet providing the social value that blockchain
         | could.
         | 
         | Not sure how a high market cap is a counter argument to that.
        
           | genericacct wrote:
           | Especially considering market cap is a totally made up number
           | and if everybody tried to get out at once they would get a
           | fraction of a fraction of it. (1) But it's pointless to tell
           | this to a cryptofreak because they're so heavily invested in
           | it they make zealots look reasonable.
           | 
           | (1) not to mention the fact that as soon as there is
           | volatility exchange sites go down, even the bigger ones.
        
             | RurouniK wrote:
             | Wait until you find out what happens when people try to
             | take out their money all at once from banks... I remember
             | back in the day when people used to call early internet
             | users internetfreaks and zealots. Now it's the same with
             | Bitcoin. Whatever...
        
               | janoc wrote:
               | Yes, we all remember well what happened e.g. with Mt Gox.
               | 
               | Not sure what your point here is - as if panic and runs
               | on the banks were somehow magically prevented by crypto.
        
               | AngrySkillzz wrote:
               | And the hilarious part is, we actually have regulations
               | like capital requirements and FDIC insurance and central
               | bank lenders-of-last-resort to prevent bank runs? Whereas
               | crypto has... none of that? And unaudited Tether pumping
               | >$1B into the crypto ecosystem every week
        
             | seibelj wrote:
             | If everyone tried to get out of any asset at once the price
             | would tank. That's how markets work.
        
           | RurouniK wrote:
           | The market cap is a counter argument because it shows the
           | trust people, and lately corporations put into Bitcoin as a
           | store of wealth and a hedge against inflation. The market cap
           | proves that bitcoin/blockchain/cryptocurrency enthusiasts put
           | their money where their mouth is.
        
             | bildung wrote:
             | I hardly doubt you'll find _any_ enconomist working in
             | those corporations fearing inflation. Inflation has been a
             | non-issue since the 1980s. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un
             | ited_States_Consumer_Price_I...
        
               | andreaorru wrote:
               | And yet...
               | 
               | https://wtfhappenedin1971.com
        
               | bildung wrote:
               | That page reminds me a bit of time cube :)
               | 
               | Here is a good introductory article about the topic:
               | 
               | https://slatestarcodex.com/2019/02/25/wage-stagnation-
               | much-m...
               | 
               | TL;DR: Inflation plays at most a secondary role, the
               | majority of the effect is a result of stagnant real
               | wages, i.e. the capital owners kept a larger share of the
               | productivity gains.
        
               | andreaorru wrote:
               | Thanks, that looks amazing. It's gonna take me a while to
               | digest it though. :)
               | 
               | Does the article conclude that the correlation with the
               | US going off the gold standard, and consequent change in
               | monetary policy, is completely spurious?
        
               | bildung wrote:
               | It is mentioned in passing, but not discussed in depth. I
               | don't think it plays a large role (mostly because it was
               | a _consequence_ of the economic development - they didn
               | 't just went off gold because they felt like it), most
               | importantly because the same curve can be seen in other
               | industrial economies in the same period - which didn't
               | use gold before. I guess the computer revolution plays a
               | large role, significantly altering many industries and
               | the character of many occupations. Collective bargaining
               | couldn't keep up fast enough, and thus wages and profits
               | decoupled.
        
               | andreaorru wrote:
               | Thanks for sharing your perspective. I've read the entire
               | article but it seems to discount the thesis that the
               | technological revolution played a primary role.
               | 
               | It seems to me that like most macroeconomics issues, it's
               | a multivariate phenomenon, so correlational studies can
               | only get you so far.
               | 
               | Do you have books you would recommend on the subject?
        
               | bildung wrote:
               | The technology angle in the article is not quite what I
               | meant. Alexander looked at how low-skill jobs and high-
               | skill jobs developed, i.e. the new demand for high-skill
               | jobs was not enough to get a higher share of the profits,
               | but what I meant is that this also changed the landscape
               | and structure of companies itself. The introduction of
               | computers changed how companies organized themselves,
               | enabled outsourcing etc. Companies before often were very
               | vertically integrated, and the digitalization enabled
               | organizations to spin off subdivisions into suppliers
               | etc., which made it harder for unions to achieve higher
               | wages. (A bit amusing that that went so far that vertical
               | integration nowadays is all the rage again, with Tesla as
               | the most vocal. We went full cycle after Ford started it
               | 100 years ago :)
               | 
               | Sadly I can't seem to find the article anymore, but there
               | was a publication by Robert Brenner that showed that the
               | fundamental changes of the early 70s also affected Soviet
               | Russia in quite similar ways.
               | 
               | Edit, sorry, forgot your literature question. I think the
               | two important keywords are Fordism and Post-Fordism, as
               | economic literature usually seems to use these terms to
               | describe what changed before and after the early 70s. The
               | Wikipedia article on Post-Fordism lists a few theory
               | lines and their authors:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-Fordism
        
             | smartties wrote:
             | Market cap means nothing. I can create 10^32 coins out of
             | thin air, sell one coin at 1$ to one customer. And the next
             | thing I have is a coin with higher marketcap than bitcoin.
        
               | selestify wrote:
               | To get recognition as the coin with the highest market
               | cap, you'd need to have it actually traded on an
               | exchange. How many people on the open market are going to
               | buy your coin for $1 on an exchange? There you go, your
               | coin is worthless and has a market cap of roughly zero as
               | determine by the open market exchange.
        
               | tromp wrote:
               | That's what makes PoW (with no premine) coins more
               | honest. No coins out of thin air, and the price derives
               | from actual demand for the coins that anyone can mine.
        
             | throw0101a wrote:
             | > _The market cap is a counter argument because it shows
             | the trust people_
             | 
             | See also Enron, WorldCom, Nortel, Bre-X (for the Canadians
             | out there).
             | 
             | > [...] _and lately corporations put into Bitcoin as a
             | store of wealth and a hedge against inflation._
             | 
             | Given its volatility, I'm not sure how useful it is as a
             | store of wealth. Less than a year ago it lost half its
             | value in two days (before the recent run-up):
             | 
             | * https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/13/bitcoin-loses-half-of-
             | its-va...
             | 
             | If you think inflation is coming, then you need to stop
             | working in economics and/or finance, as you're burning up
             | returns hedging against it, at least in the
             | US/industrialized world. The last time it was a problem was
             | >40 years ago (mostly due to OPEC):
             | 
             | * https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FPCPITOTLZGUSA
             | 
             | Outside of specific circumstance, _de_ flation is the
             | predominant force:
             | 
             | > _But_ In _flation is not inevitable. There are numerous
             | countervailing forces that have been at work for much of
             | the past 50 years. The three big_ De _flation drivers: 1)_
             | Technology, _which creates massive economies of scale,
             | especially in digital products (e.g., Software); 2_ )
             | Robotics/Automation, _which efficiently create more
             | physical goods at lower prices; and 3)_ Globalization and
             | Labor Arbitrage, _which sends work to lower cost regions,
             | making goods and services less expensive._
             | 
             | > _Put into this context, Inflation is periodic, driven by
             | specific events;_ Deflation _is consistent, the background
             | state of the modern economy. To fully understand this
             | requires grasping how scarcity and abundance act as the
             | drivers of the price of labor and goods. My suspicion is
             | many economists who came of age during earlier eras of
             | inflation fail to discern how the world has changed since._
             | 
             | * https://ritholtz.com/2021/02/stop-stressing-about-
             | inflation/
        
               | playingchanges wrote:
               | Funny I actually viewed the 2020 BTC drawdown (and
               | subsequent rapid recovery) as my number one buy signal
               | for the current crypto bull market. In a time period when
               | the Dow loses almost 13% in a single day and the fed has
               | to use every move in the playbook to maintain liquidity,
               | crypto holds its own with no fed assistance at all.
               | 
               | As for inflation, I'm guessing the exact opposite
               | argument to yours was being made in the 80s.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | >As for inflation, I'm guessing the exact opposite
               | argument to yours was being made in the 80s.
               | 
               | By definition, inflation is what happens when demand
               | exceeds supply. If the fed keeps flooding the market with
               | cheap credit the expectation is that the money is
               | invested into more production, either by machines or by
               | foreign labor (i.e. in China). Prices stop growing
               | because supply outstrips demand. That's why the fed is
               | failing to create sufficient inflation. Supply side
               | stimulus is causing the opposite effect and at the same
               | time it is leading to an asset bubble.
        
               | AngrySkillzz wrote:
               | Or you could say that cryptocurrencies are incredibly
               | correlated with the stock market and thus don't actually
               | serve as a hedge for risk at all
        
         | rullelito wrote:
         | Maybe you should try to read the linked page.
        
         | gjulianm wrote:
         | How much of that usage and market cap is actual usage and how
         | much is financial speculation?
        
           | loceng wrote:
           | There's been research done to show that multiple times just a
           | few people manipulated the price of Bitcoin to its heights - 
           | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-01-14/research-.
           | .. - and the Bitcoin community main mantra is "HODL" and they
           | call themselves the "army of the HODLers" for a reason:
           | they're waiting for enough of society to be manipulated/trick
           | people into thinking the history of the "steady" increase to
           | "$100,000+" is because people many people are actually
           | valuing it (which they're arguably not) - using that as a
           | proof point to decide to buy; which has been done by 1)
           | misappropriating Bitcoin as being akin to a stock in the
           | stock market, especially the term ICO - "Initial Coin
           | Offering" vs. Public Offering, and 2) misappropriating the
           | term currency calling them "cryptocurrencies" - in an attempt
           | to additionally legitimize it.
           | 
           | I believe Bitcoin likely started to exponentially take off
           | when the online marketing forums started rallying to put
           | their efforts behind promoting it. Eventually then the VC-
           | finance industrial complex joined in - and mainstream media
           | then has been promoting it as if Bitcoin et al are stocks and
           | a new currency. All the while the army of HODLers is growing
           | - all incentivized to promote Bitcoin et al, and those who
           | speak of a counter-narrative aren't financially incentivize
           | to do so, and actually should fear doing so due to the mob; a
           | partner at a top, international investment firm, Ray Dalio at
           | Blackwater recently said as much - "while those who are
           | against it (which are a few scared souls cowering in a
           | corner)" - in his article "What I Think Of Bitcoin" -
           | https://www.bridgewater.com/research-and-insights/ray-
           | dalio-...
           | 
           | The VC-financially industrial complex with billions have
           | started to jump into the speculation game, the MLM, and with
           | their billions I believe have stared to attempt to invest
           | just enough to offset crashes in price - along with the "army
           | of HODLers" learning to be more obedient and listening to
           | their war mantra of HODL, along with Coinbase likely
           | purposefully engaging in price manipulation by multiple times
           | making their platform unaccessible to users - so those who
           | would impulse sell when the price starts to skyrocket are
           | blocked long enough for them to instead hold; I'm guessing
           | Coinbase also have a certain amount of large buy orders from
           | large institutional investors that they manage, and they use
           | these funds in part to counter a crash from happening.
           | 
           | This same price manipulation happens in the stock market - ht
           | tps://www.reddit.com/r/videos/comments/lg0ial/jim_cramer_e...
           | 
           | I also believe Tesla's recent acquisition of Bitcoin was to
           | seem aligned with the growing mob of HODLers - who you don't
           | want to be maligned with if you want them to speak positively
           | about your product and buy your product, or in reality be
           | less critical of you and your company because you're then
           | financially aligned; Elon Musk recently tweeted "Bitcoin is
           | almost as bs as fiat money" -
           | https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1340588909974200321
           | 
           | Unfortunately the world may go mad, greed taking over,
           | regulatory capture occurring where a generally small amount
           | of people could lead to trying to engage most of society in
           | helping realize whatever value Bitcoin et al reaches -
           | unreasonably and unnecessarily transferring wealth from later
           | adopters to earlier adopters. It could be the next war to be
           | fought after tyranny is solved - Bitcoin in fact making
           | tyranny easier as you can't implement policy like the
           | Magnitsky Act; it's always a non-response when asking a pro-
           | Bitcoiner to address this question/problem.
           | 
           | I believe an organization needs to be started and funded
           | somehow to put a concerted effort to organize and educate
           | people by creating, compiling, everything necessary - and
           | making whatever easy to understand educational material to go
           | along with it - and to be promoted, along with as a resource
           | for people to reference when they're in discussion with
           | others.
        
             | scsilver wrote:
             | The money transfered from late adopters to early adopters
             | is the massive amounts of old money mad from the wealth of
             | kingdoms and colonialization. Personally I think having an
             | infinitely divisible, fixed asset, protected by
             | cryptography and not statutes, is a democratic upheaval of
             | captured financial systems. You dont need blood, legacy,
             | heritage to capture these assets, just information.
             | 
             | Maybe having physical wealth ripped from my family multiple
             | times in the past 150 years makes me feel this, this asset
             | is a bit more useful than gold or jewelry when dealing with
             | an uncertain future.
        
               | loceng wrote:
               | I like that you brought up money of old - and find it
               | disturbing that people are happy to repeat the same
               | pattern - "they did it, so why can't we;" two wrongs
               | don't make a right.
               | 
               | So great, we have regulatory capture of financial systems
               | - and you want to replace it with a system that can't
               | protect against bad actors via financial punishment for
               | known bad behaviour e.g. via the Magnitsky Act? Don't you
               | think that's a problem?
               | 
               | You like Bitcoin because it allows you revenge - but the
               | problem is it's not taking out revenge on the people who
               | may deserve it, it's taking it out on all of society.
               | That's disturbing that you, and I imagine others, aren't
               | thinking critically of those consequences - or if you are
               | that you don't care; in fact this is a fundamental
               | element of Bitcoin and how the mob/"army of HODLers"
               | grows - the price drops and the buy people who bought
               | later, at or below the current price, have now lost money
               | and haven't realized any - so they are now entrenched in
               | the MLM scheme.
        
               | scsilver wrote:
               | Do me a favor and watch some of this class by the future
               | SEC head https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-
               | management/15-s1...
               | 
               | I dont think the current thresd we are on is useful and
               | you are misunderstanding my point of view. The class
               | above gives some background to my points of view on
               | Bitcoin and Blockchain.
               | 
               | Ultimately, I think blockchain is an interesting
               | technology that necessarily has value, hopefully our
               | regulators can understand its nuances and find ways to
               | channel it to provide more security to every human around
               | the world, (like vaccines or education) than the
               | currently impeded(for whatever reason, its gotta deal
               | with alot of red tape and hundreds of noncoordinated
               | jurisdictions) financial systems.
               | 
               | There is value in having centralized and decentralized
               | finance. The world rewards/will reward recognizing that.
        
               | AngrySkillzz wrote:
               | citation needed, most of the increases in global wealth
               | and output are due to technological innovation and
               | increased trade and improved governance. If you are going
               | to claim that all the worlds wealth is just extractive
               | you are going to need a big source for that. Most
               | economic historians disagree with you.
        
         | Tomte wrote:
         | > all the breakthroughs in cryptography like Zero Knowledge
         | proofs, [...] that emerged from the evolution of cryptocurrency
         | tech.
         | 
         | Zero knowledge proofs date back to the mid-eighties.
        
         | hahahahe wrote:
         | Yeah they sure have. Running GPUs endlessly to execute
         | thousands of transactions per day. Do you realize how
         | ridiculous that sounds? You can literally run a pub-sub
         | equivalent of BTC for 1/1,000,000,000 of the cost involved in
         | crypto and a million times more performant while preserving all
         | the benefits touted in cryptos. The reason why we don't have
         | this isn't because we can't. It's because the financial
         | institutions are too entrenched. And the same institutions have
         | taken over the cryptocurrency space. Do you not see what's
         | happening?
        
           | selestify wrote:
           | > You can literally run a pub-sub equivalent of BTC for
           | 1/1,000,000,000 of the cost involved in crypto and a million
           | times more performant while preserving all the benefits
           | touted in cryptos
           | 
           | Explain how pubsub is impervious to the operator of the
           | pubsub shutting down, due to governmental pressure or
           | otherwise.
        
       | ianai wrote:
       | Has there ever been a good break down applying Greshams law to
       | Bitcoin? It seems like an obvious example of it at work-and
       | that's if we take the premise of Bitcoin at full face value.
       | 
       | Link https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gresham%27s_law
       | 
       | Edit-it also leads me to wonder what the mature characteristics
       | of Bitcoin will be? What happens when all possible bitcoins have
       | been mined? No more transactions?
        
       | lawn wrote:
       | > The popular blockchains only don't offer transaction finality
       | i.e you will never be 100% sure that you have gotten funds.
       | 
       | > You can only be probabilistically to a high degree (but with
       | zero guarantee) that you have received your funds.
       | 
       | All cryptography depends on it being probabilistically difficult
       | to guess the secret. This is an exceptionally weak criticism of
       | blockchains.
        
         | me_again wrote:
         | I think the concern here is some group rewriting transaction
         | history via controlling > 50% of the hash rate, not guessing
         | crypto keys.
        
       | Layke1123 wrote:
       | A big part of why crypto doesn't work in my opinion is that it's
       | hard to trust software and hardware with your money when you
       | don't own the hardware or software or can't modify it freely.
       | Nation-states take great care to ensure that you don't have
       | exclusive rights to the things and therefore your entire life
       | savings could vanish in the blink of an eye without so much as
       | any guarantee of getting your value back. State backed fiat
       | currency is by far still more valuable than crypto and the proof
       | is self evident at this point.
        
       | DennisP wrote:
       | The article mentions Ethereum several times, so here are some
       | Ethereum-specific updates for 2021. It's still a work in progress
       | but some progress has been made.
       | 
       | 1) Scalability
       | 
       | For now, the big advance is a layer-2 approach called "rollups,"
       | several of which are in production already and able to handle
       | several thousand transactions per second. Zkrollups do that
       | without compromising security assumptions at all, but aren't
       | quite to the point of handling arbitrary smart contracts.
       | Optimistic rollups can handle arbitrary contracts but require a
       | delay for funds withdrawal since they rely on fraud proofs.
       | 
       | About a year from now, data sharding will multiply rollup
       | capacity by 23X. [1]
       | 
       | 2) Key management
       | 
       | Vitalik agrees on this point and advocates social recovery
       | wallets, where your friends and/or service providers give you
       | some backup. Two popular wallets already implement this. [2]
       | 
       | 3) Contract security
       | 
       | This one is near and dear to my heart since I've worked as a
       | contract auditor. It's still a problem but less so if best
       | practices are followed, and projects which did so are holding
       | vast sums without issues.
       | 
       | Of the two examples they mentioned, TheDAO happened when Ethereum
       | was less than a year old and nobody had realized the reentrance
       | issue; also it was nasty, convoluted code, and didn't have a
       | thorough public audit. Parity actually had two problems: they
       | changed their wallet, made a simple mistake, and it slipped
       | through because they didn't bother getting a new audit. That
       | enabled several large thefts. Then they made _another_ change to
       | fix that, _still_ didn 't get a new audit, made another simple
       | mistake, and that resulted in frozen funds. Both mistakes would
       | probably have been caught by any decent auditor.
       | 
       | As usual, keeping the code simple and straightforward helps a
       | lot.
       | 
       | 4) Probabilistic consensus
       | 
       | The new proof-of-stake chain is probabilistic initially but every
       | six minutes it actually finalizes. At that point transactions
       | cannot be reversed without destroying 2/3 of staked ETH.
       | Currently the staked ETH totals $5 billion.
       | 
       | However, so far this is running on the side, with real ETH but
       | not actually running smart contracts or transferring ETH around.
       | It will be about a year before rest of Ethereum migrates to it.
       | 
       | 5) Privacy
       | 
       | Zksnarks are able to help here and Ethereum is getting better at
       | implementing them efficiently, but privacy is not in wide use
       | yet, partly because of gas costs. EY has done a lot of work on
       | implementing privacy in zkrollups for corporate transactions on
       | the public chain.
       | 
       | 6) Price volatility
       | 
       | For people unwilling to deal with volatility, there are
       | stablecoins on Ethereum, some implemented as derivatives over
       | ETH.
       | 
       | [1] https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/01/05/rollup.html
       | 
       | [2] https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/01/11/recovery.html
        
       | sillysaurusx wrote:
       | _4. Consensus Algorithms Are Wack The popular blockchains only
       | don't offer transaction finality i.e you will never be 100% sure
       | that you have gotten funds.
       | 
       | You can only be probabilistically to a high degree (but with zero
       | guarantee) that you have received your funds. This is because in
       | major consensus algorithm called Nakamoto Consensus, the miners
       | elect the chain with the most computational work that are with in
       | the same protocol i.e consensus rules.
       | 
       | For instance imagine your bank tells you that you that, "there is
       | a 95% chance that we might have your life savings, however you
       | may also not poses it in 5 years in case we discovered that the
       | chain with the most work does not have your transaction in it"
       | 
       | Yes, I don't think anyone wants to keep their life savings in
       | such a bank._
       | 
       | Sure, and the probability that all of your atoms will teleport
       | one foot forward is not zero. But it's sufficiently zero that we
       | say it's zero, and we're rarely proven wrong.
       | 
       | It took awhile to become comfortable with probabilistic
       | algorithms, but some (small) familiarity with physics helped.
       | Nature is probabilistic, and seems to work.
       | 
       | This isn't a _great_ counterargument, but honestly none of these
       | arguments seem very persuasive. I 'm not a blockchain fan, but
       | it's like... "if someone steals your wallet, they'll get all of
       | your money!" Well, duh. Everyone knows this and seems fine with
       | it.
       | 
       |  _1. Scalability Issues The current bandwidth, i.e the data that
       | can be transmitted through a blockchain with in a given time is
       | simply too bounded for main stream adoption.
       | 
       | Ethereum for instance does a maximum of 13 transactions per
       | second. Visa on the other hand can do 24,000 Transaction per
       | second and peak over 40,000 transactions per second._
       | 
       | No mention of Lightning network to solve this. I've been out of
       | the crypto game for years and even I know "Lightning is
       | supposedly the solution." Did that ever pan out?
       | 
       |  _6. Price Volatility Very few people simply don't have the
       | stomach to hold a financial instrument that drops by over 50%
       | with in a few months._
       | 
       | https://i.imgur.com/WWzTlGb.png
        
         | davidgerard wrote:
         | >WARNING
         | 
         | >Before you proceed, please understand that the Lightning
         | Network is still in the experimental stage. Do not put the
         | money you can't afford to lose. There is a high risk of you
         | losing the money.
         | 
         | https://docs.btcpayserver.org/LightningNetwork/ and a pile of
         | other places - and particularly when someone points out that LN
         | doesn't work very well, and that money gets lost to bugs way
         | too often to trust.
         | 
         | The purpose of the Lightning Network is to serve as an excuse
         | for Bitcoin's dismal performance. It is not a production-ready
         | payment system, even to the degree that Bitcoin is.
        
           | sillysaurusx wrote:
           | Thanks! I've wondered how the lightning network fared over
           | the years. Judging by the still-experimental state, the
           | answer is "not well."
        
         | cesaref wrote:
         | > Nature is probabilistic, and seems to work.
         | 
         | I think what you mean is that the currently most successful
         | model of the physical world is probabilistic, but this doesn't
         | mean that nature is.
        
           | sillysaurusx wrote:
           | Mm. That's an interesting way of looking at it. But the
           | assumptions are laid out by Feynman: https://www.youtube.com/
           | watch?v=QRE0GxT6Zbw&list=PLgRI7D_FXE...
           | 
           | Although I'd love to urge everyone to sit through all six
           | hours, I recognize this isn't too practical. So -- with
           | apologies to Feynman -- I'll have to do a poor job of
           | translating:
           | 
           | - The scientific method means that we are never certain we're
           | right; we're only certain we're wrong. But (as with Newton's
           | laws) it's pretty incredible we can last so long before we're
           | proven incorrect!
           | 
           | - The world seems to obey mathematics. But math != physics.
           | One _helps_ the other; discoveries in math have applied to
           | physics, and vice-versa.
           | 
           | - The heart of nature seems to be a purely mathematical
           | construct, from which there is no escape. Many people have
           | tried to model gravity as something other than the
           | gravitational equation, e.g. suppose at every point in time
           | there are particles shooting every direction simultaneously.
           | Then gravity is merely us blocking these particles -- earth
           | with respect to the sun blocks a certain fraction of
           | particles towards the sun, and in fact inversely as the
           | square of the distance. No math necessary! Unfortunately,
           | doesn't quite work -- if it were true, the earth would have
           | slowed in its orbit due to blocking the particles, and it
           | wouldn't have lasted ~billions of years. So that's the end of
           | that theory.
           | 
           | - The double slit experiment seems to prove that the world
           | has no other model _other than_ probabilistic (see lecture
           | 6). There is some fundamental limitation preventing us from
           | narrowing down nature further than this threshold.
           | 
           | - Every test designed to break this assumption has failed.
           | 
           | Therefore, I say that the physical world _is_ probabilistic,
           | and I will wager any sum of money you 'd like to bet that it
           | will still be true within, say, 200 years.
           | 
           | There is one interesting alternative: if everything in the
           | universe is pre-destined. The complete absence of any kind of
           | free will whatsoever. Every atom, every electron, every
           | single subatomic particle, all predestined from the moment of
           | the big bang til now. That seems to be the only way that it
           | _can 't_ be probabilistic.
        
           | psychoslave wrote:
           | Yes, I completely agree. I think however that the point was
           | that whatever we build out of our best available physical
           | theories ultimately relies on probabilistic grounds.
           | 
           | Now on the other hand, we don't use quantum physics for every
           | single human project out there, and for many human scale
           | phenomena, we can act without concious probabilistic
           | representations.
        
           | bawolff wrote:
           | Have the right cosmic ray hit the right set of memory chips,
           | and you will be super rich. That can happen in an entirely
           | deterministic world.
           | 
           | I think its important to distinguish between realistic
           | probabilities and unrealistic probabilities. If the chance is
           | 2^-100 %, nobody cares. Bitcoin is a lot less secure than
           | that, but its still not something i realistically would worry
           | about.
        
         | ketzu wrote:
         | > Everyone knows this and seems fine with it.
         | 
         | Are you sure? I believe a lot of people interact with
         | blockchains through services like coinbase, without managing
         | their own wallets.
        
       | rini17 wrote:
       | As the recent GameStop events have shown, it's uncertain who owns
       | how many shares, settlement is slow and error/bezzle-prone, etc.
       | etc. Plus I venture to guess that HFT algorithms do consume
       | country-level amounts of energy as well. Unlike blockchain, it's
       | not surplus electricity from renewables in faraway places. And
       | all that energy does not even improve the whole ledger security.
       | 
       | But hey, unlike the filthy blockchain, it works!/s
        
         | AngrySkillzz wrote:
         | Go read Money Stuff before you spread more misinformation about
         | how the financial system works. There are no counterfeit
         | shares, ownership is obvious except for cases like voting
         | (because a short can pay a negative dividend but can't perform
         | a negative vote), settlement is not error-prone and is slow on
         | purpose (Russia tried real-time settlement and went back to
         | T+2), HFT is literally just a service provider doing inter-
         | temporal mediation between buyers and sellers rather than some
         | evil money-stealing machine. Front-running is not real, naked
         | shorting is super illegal with very few exceptions. If you
         | can't tell me what part of Regulation SHO governs naked
         | shorting, what the bona-fide market maker exception is and when
         | they are required to fulfill a FTD, then you probably shouldn't
         | be talking about this confidently in public.
        
       | godelzilla wrote:
       | Can someone post an even older, less relevant article?
        
       | aylmao wrote:
       | To the scalability issues section I'd add the environmental
       | aspect. It has already been reported that by some estimates
       | Bitcoin today consumes more energy than Argentina, and that's
       | with an estimated 1 million active wallets per day. Argentina is
       | home to about 50 million people.
       | 
       | This means that in order to have Bitcoin serve as the daily
       | currency for all of Argentina's 50 million people would at least
       | 50-tuple its energy consumption. This is comically absurd. It's
       | thankfully not achievable or economical with the energy resources
       | we currently have available, because pursuing a 4,900% increase
       | in energy consumption would be disastrous.
       | 
       | If crypto sees any widespread usage I think it'll be as the
       | backbone of financial systems, for big transactions between
       | institutions. In that space I don't see much incentive for people
       | to adopt it-- there's already a good level of trust amongst the
       | parties, various levels of transaction verification, and it's
       | mostly all digital already.
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-56012952
       | 
       | [2]: https://www.bitcoinmarketjournal.com/how-many-people-use-
       | bit...
       | 
       | [3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina
        
         | Erlich_Bachman wrote:
         | > This means that in order to have Bitcoin serve as the daily
         | currency for all of Argentina's 50 million people would at
         | least 50-tuple its energy consumption.
         | 
         | That's not how Bitcoin or any PoW works. The amount of energy
         | used is not a direct function of number of wallets. It is not
         | either a direct function of number of transactions.
        
           | bildung wrote:
           | The only intermediate step is the fact that the amount of
           | currency in circulation needs to raise. As that isn't
           | possible with bitcoin, the price has to rise. And that
           | increases the incentive for throwing more recourses into
           | mining.
        
         | RurouniK wrote:
         | "This means that in order to have Bitcoin serve as the daily
         | currency for all of Argentina's 50 million people would at
         | least 50-tuple its energy consumption."
         | 
         | This comment is beyond dumb and just showcases that you have no
         | clue whatsoever about how bitcoin works. Bitcoin's power
         | consumption doesn't go up when more people use it. It goes up
         | when more people COMPETE for the production of the next block,
         | meaning when there are more miners.
         | 
         | Also more than 50% of bitcoin's power consumption already comes
         | from renewable sources.
         | 
         | Also youtube and online gaming need many times more power and
         | I'd argue that a global, open, permissionless financial network
         | is far more important.
        
           | bildung wrote:
           | No, it isn't dumb. The monetary base currently provided by
           | bitcoin is tiny. If an economy would switch to bitcoin as
           | it's currency, the amount of BTC in circulation would need to
           | gain multiple zeroes. As bitcoin has a fixed cap, that would
           | mean the price would rise. And that, in consequence, would
           | make mining way more profitable, with newcomers entering the
           | field and established organizations to employ more resources.
           | And that increases the power needed.
        
           | smartties wrote:
           | > Also more than 50% of bitcoin's power consumption already
           | comes from renewable sources.
           | 
           | You are tweaking numbers here. The only source I've found, It
           | says 39% and it's from a shady crypto website that make a
           | living promoting cryptocurrencies [0]. And if you look deeper
           | in the source [1] they quoted it says "A total of 280
           | entities from over 50 countries across various regions
           | responded to the surveys.". So this study is based on surveys
           | they sent to companies... Without anyway to verify their
           | answer. This study has 0 value.
           | 
           | Renewable energy is way more expensive and not reliable.
           | 
           | https://cointelegraph.com/news/report-76-crypto-miners-
           | use-r...
           | 
           | https://www.jbs.cam.ac.uk/faculty-
           | research/centres/alternati...
        
         | WanderPanda wrote:
         | > This means that in order to have Bitcoin serve as the daily
         | currency for all of Argentina's 50 million people would at
         | least 50-tuple its energy consumption.
         | 
         | How do you justify this linear extrapolation?
        
         | waheoo wrote:
         | This is like saying we shouldn't build or invest in computers
         | anymore because they cost so much and take up whole rooms full
         | of space.
         | 
         | Bitcoin is version 0.1 of a new way to record and share a
         | common ledger. The cost and energy requirements are simple
         | tradeoffs that are completely configurable to the applications
         | needs.
         | 
         | Go look at all the alt coins out there, blockchain tech does
         | not require the same levels of decentralization as Bitcoin,
         | many work off more centrally controlled systems, not all
         | require huge amounts of energy to mine blocks, and many are
         | extremely aware of the need to be an environmentally friendly
         | solution.
         | 
         | Like I get it's a very valid criticism to make about Bitcoin.
         | 
         | But it's such a contrarian for the sake of being contrarian
         | thing to say and completely ignores ten years of alt coin and
         | defi evolution.
         | 
         | Feel free to keep bag holding those "federal" reserve notes,
         | they'll pay off one day I'm sure.
        
           | bawolff wrote:
           | Not really, most of the centralized ones could just be
           | replaced with a mysql server and have the same properties.
           | Notable exception being some of the proof-of-stake schemes,
           | but its not like that's a scaling tradeoff but a totally
           | different approach.
        
             | waheoo wrote:
             | And 64k memory should be enough for everybody but banks
             | can't share a single MySQL database.
             | 
             | They can try, but they would need an impartial
             | intermediary.
             | 
             | As someone that got shafted by the gme shutdown, I would
             | have loved to be trading over a block chain unimpeded by
             | "regulatory oversight".
        
         | bawolff wrote:
         | Well i agree that the energy cost is immense, it doesn't scale
         | with number of users but mining power.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | Ekaros wrote:
           | Energy cost scales with value of coins produced. As the price
           | of bitcoin goes up so does the cost of energy and equipment
           | used for mining. Market searching optimum.
           | 
           | This will be fixed at some point, but the point when rewards
           | get low is very far away... So if Bitcoin were really come
           | the one true currency with global market cap, the costs would
           | be enormous...
        
         | lima wrote:
         | Everyone (except Bitcoin) agree that Proof of Stake is the way
         | to move forward. Even Ethereum is migrating to pure PoS
         | consensus.
         | 
         | This solves the environmental aspect, thankfully.
        
           | tromp wrote:
           | Hundreds of PoW altcoins disagree. PoS is not a coin
           | distribution method either.
        
             | lima wrote:
             | Hundreds of PoW altcoins are doomed:
             | https://www.crypto51.app
        
               | tromp wrote:
               | Most PoW coins that have been 51% attacked go on merrily
               | with little to no price suppression. The worst effect is
               | much longer deposit confirmation times on exchanges.
        
             | Ekaros wrote:
             | How many of these hundreds of PoW altcoins are used for
             | making payments for real products and services? Let's say
             | single transaction a day over reasonable period?
        
         | andreaorru wrote:
         | The energy argument has been debunked over and over again.
         | 
         | I recommend you read this thread by Yassine Elmanjdra (analyst
         | at ARK Invest):
         | https://twitter.com/yassineARK/status/1360343382556483587?s=...
        
           | qayxc wrote:
           | This "debunk" is bunk in at of itself - have you actually
           | looked at the presented arguments? They are ridiculous and
           | make no sense whatsoever (e.g. comparing PoW with literal
           | gold mining - as if gold were a currency...).
        
             | andreaorru wrote:
             | Of course, I've read everything, including the article by
             | Nic Carter [1] (which I highly recommend) and all his
             | related articles on the subject.
             | 
             | The comparison with gold mining is quite apt actually - one
             | of the use cases for Bitcoin is to act as a store of value
             | and hedge against inflation, precisely like gold.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.coindesk.com/the-last-word-on-bitcoins-
             | energy-co...
        
               | qayxc wrote:
               | > The comparison with gold mining is quite apt actually -
               | one of the use cases for Bitcoin is to act as a store of
               | value and hedge against inflation, precisely like gold.
               | 
               | Ahem, the primary use of gold is _jewellery_ , not a
               | hedge value against inflation. That's where the vast
               | majority of all mined gold ends up (plus some in
               | electronics and medical applications).
        
           | lottin wrote:
           | I don't think he understands the concept of efficiency. More
           | efficient means doing the same thing at a lower cost. What
           | same thing does bitcoin do at a lower cost compared to what?
        
           | dschuler wrote:
           | The tweets you linked to link to another source [0], and are
           | mostly paraphrased from that source, which makes the
           | following argument:
           | 
           | "Does Bitcoin justify its energy usage? Does it add enough
           | value? So far, the market says it does."
           | 
           | That doesn't "debunk" any argument about energy use, it only
           | tries to justify it.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.lynalden.com/misconceptions-about-bitcoin/
        
             | andreaorru wrote:
             | Disingenuous. That's not the only argument that is being
             | presented.
        
               | dschuler wrote:
               | There's some muddled thinking going on there. The source
               | doesn't make the argument that Bitcoin isn't energy
               | intensive. If that's an issue for you, you should re-
               | evaluate your views on Bitcoin, but denying it doesn't
               | change the fact.
               | 
               | Otherwise we're just arguing that "water isn't wet" and
               | what the definition of "is" is.
        
               | andreaorru wrote:
               | I'm perplexed. I don't think we're looking at the same
               | content. Perhaps you haven't read the entire thread but
               | just the first 6 tweets?
        
       | prof-dr-ir wrote:
       | The "lack of intuitive private key management" is worth expanding
       | on.
       | 
       | Would it not be nice if you could, maybe for a small fee, have
       | some trusted entity _store_ your private key for you? One could
       | perhaps imagine storing a printout of the private key in some
       | kind of physical  "safe deposit" box, to be maintained by such an
       | entity? But maybe that is to cumbersome and we can do so entirely
       | digitally? In that case I guess that said entity would need to
       | demonstrate a proven track record of safely keeping a record of
       | your net worth, as well as the various in- and out-going
       | transactions between its different customers.
       | 
       | With the obvious possibilities for abuse, it is clear that such
       | an industry would see a fair amount of regulations, and one can
       | foresee never-ending tension between government, the established
       | corporations, and potentially disruptive newcomers....
        
         | jnwatson wrote:
         | Key escrow is already a thing. I recently helped a friend
         | recover his wallet, and luckily he had his private key
         | escrowed.
        
           | UncleMeat wrote:
           | Is it already a thing my grandmother can use? She has a
           | working bank account but doesn't understand that minimizing
           | gmail doesn't delete here emails.
        
             | hanniabu wrote:
             | The UX is getting better every year. It's like saying the
             | internet was doomed to fail because your grandma couldn't
             | use it in 1990
        
               | UncleMeat wrote:
               | I'm not saying that bitcoin is doomed to fail for this
               | reason. I'm saying that "key escrow already exists" is a
               | bad argument.
        
               | thecupisblue wrote:
               | No it's not. The adoption rate in 2021 is way faster than
               | in 1990. Most people weren't required to adopt a tech in
               | 1990 to live their normal life, while in 2021 it is a
               | norm to constantly be adapting to new tech.
        
         | RurouniK wrote:
         | How is private key management a problem when there are so many
         | battle tested hardware wallets used by millions of people?
        
           | hanniabu wrote:
           | They have no basis. They want to detest it without learning.
           | Either that or they looked into it a few years ago and have
           | no idea how much has changed since then.
        
         | infofarmer wrote:
         | Smart contracts were supposed to make that easier, but this got
         | blocked by the scalability issues. The current hope is for MPC
         | which might get consumer-usable products without a SPOF: you
         | have private keys on personal hardware, but if you lose them,
         | there's a recovery procedure with multiple independent
         | authentication channels -- e.g. 3 out of 5 notaries from
         | separate jurisdictions must recognize you and sign their parts.
         | Plus a lot of friendly logic like time-outs etc.
        
         | andreaorru wrote:
         | Look up "social recovery wallets" (i.e. Argent).
         | 
         | Here's an article by Vitalik Buterin himself making a case for
         | it: https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/01/11/recovery.html
        
         | kgin wrote:
         | Too many people are missing the dry humor in this post
        
           | prof-dr-ir wrote:
           | Well the post does appear to hint at a more serious issue -
           | but it might not be easy to make it precise.
        
         | rorykoehler wrote:
         | You just recreated consumer banking.
        
           | Melting_Harps wrote:
           | > I think that's their point. There's a lot of discussion
           | that 'banks will become obsolete with crypto' that forgets
           | that banks are not the currency, they just manage it. If
           | crypto becomes widespread banks will keep on existing,
           | they'll just move to manage cryptocurrencies.
           | 
           | > You just recreated consumer banking.
           | 
           | While I personally detest the notion of such a model, and
           | things like GME show why that is: I realized that after 10
           | years we really are going to have to simplify this tech to
           | that level in a way that it's indistinguishable to the old
           | model if we are onboard them at all. Which is why Kraken
           | taking the lead in this is happening [0].
           | 
           | We collectively opposed this system so much that once we on
           | boarded all the nerds we had a massive blindspot and didn't
           | take pause and realize that the immense complexity to work
           | and use Bitcoin on an everyday basis would be near impossible
           | for the average person who struggled with HS math. And that's
           | often who needs this tech the most, as they often the first
           | to fall victim to the pernicious and illegal actions of banks
           | with things like compounding overdraft fees, mortgage scams
           | etc...
           | 
           | I was used to having to use run a full node on QT with no
           | smart phone for the first 4-5 years so it's all simple to me
           | now, but that is all relative to where you start and when I
           | started I couldn't even code enough to do more than a simple
           | 'Hello world' command but with time I became a founder of a
           | fintech start up and then developer and consultant at a
           | multi-national corporation because this tech evolved so fast
           | and demanded I keep up, so it was a massive learning curve
           | but more than anything I was ready and willing to learn;
           | which I KNOW most people don't want to do.
           | 
           | HN is also a very good cross section that makes me keep
           | coming back at ATHs because even amongst tech workers many
           | keep talking about how 'bad' the tech is without taking the
           | time to even look into it beyond the sensationalist headlines
           | the media makes up as fact and they repeat the same tired
           | narrative, and they too are reluctant if not entirely
           | incapable of undertaking what we think is 'simple' but also
           | the best deterrent for the inherit corruption of the fiat
           | World and also the basis of OPSEC and is best inculcated in a
           | simple mantra: not your keys, not your Bitcoin. Out thinking
           | your enemy and creating new way to route around their absurd
           | system is exhausting, and spending time playing factorio and
           | with legos is fun.
           | 
           | You'd think for a place like HN that is so quick to pat
           | itself on the back for learning a new programming language
           | and boasting about it here in some perverse form of virtue
           | signalling as an _autodidactic impresario_ they 'd be the
           | first to see the immense novelty Bitcoin holds (and to an
           | extension it's Blockchain and it's verification, and
           | consensus model) and the fun challenge to understand it would
           | be and ultimately why some of the world's best cryptographers
           | (who at their core have to love to solve complex problems and
           | learn new skills along the way) work in this space. This
           | sentiment is a total contradiction to the philosophy the
           | early days of Silicon Valley had, but has given way to this
           | more petty and servile wave of infantile 'technologists' that
           | are beholden to FAANG so this is clearly what happens when
           | even 'smart people' get things wrong: they try to justify
           | their errors with these campaign smears. Which is why I'm
           | glad so many are leaving CA, hopefully it can go back to it's
           | cypherpunk roots it had in the 80s and 90s.
           | 
           | So, rather than commit to endless Pyrrhic victories trying to
           | fight this with ideological fervor and an unfounded hope
           | people will just eventually 'learn on their own' I realize
           | that time is the most pressing issue, COVID was just a
           | reminder how quickly things can change for the worse, and we
           | should just offer these service as an inevitability for those
           | whose mindsets are not apt to a paradigm shift.
           | 
           | It's crazy to see just how many on HN are incredibly jealous
           | and over all envious about Bitcoin's success, you'd think
           | they would be elated that open source tech is what disrupted
           | finance, but then you realize how many are only 'successful'
           | in Life because of their monetary net worth measured in fiat
           | and how they ignored or simply dismissed Bitcoin because it
           | was too complicated. Their work is not their own, and they
           | are beholden to their employers for identity and purpose, and
           | Bitcoin is just a reminder of why it might have been a waste
           | of time when M1 and M2 spikes happen.
           | 
           | For those of us who worked in Bitcoin professionally we can
           | point and extrapolate the value we derived from it, and some
           | of us can even point to landmark legislation, thought to be
           | impossible, that had to be changed in part because of our
           | efforts and that gives us a form of satisfaction they will
           | never have. So even if it wasn't the safe, or even profitable
           | undertaking sometimes it was worth it because money may be
           | important but it isn't everything.
           | 
           | We got two of the biggest names in Fintech (Musk and Dorsey)
           | on our side, one being the richest man on the planet stating
           | crypto will be used on Mar's economy; but we really need the
           | new wave of users so we should also just acquiesce and create
           | the walled gardens and gaurd-railed sandboxes they so
           | desperately pine for, in hope that one day they could remove
           | the training wheels if they so choose.
           | 
           | They thought they had it so good, for so long, so now when
           | something comes along and shows them that their jails are
           | opened they suffer from a sort of anxiety when they're not in
           | one, so I say: lets just build it for them, but give them a
           | key they can keep inside and use if and when they are ever
           | ready, while the rest of us continue to operate as we always
           | intended Bitcoin to be.
        
             | jakupovic wrote:
             | Been around this forum probably since it's inception and
             | have noticed the same in regards to bitcoin. I mean the
             | parent poster is saying there is no use for a technology
             | that's been around for 12 years and underpins ~$1T of
             | value. Reminds me of this quote copied from internet:
             | 
             | First they ignore you,
             | 
             | then they laugh at you,
             | 
             | then they fight you,
             | 
             | ... and then they buy bitcoin
             | 
             | Also noticed the same in regards to kubernetes, only in the
             | last six months has it become "acceptable", and yet it is
             | everywhere and used for everything. Just plain ignorance.
             | But, as the above quote tries to show, lightly, eventually
             | Bitcoin wins.
        
               | selestify wrote:
               | Seriously, the skepticism here convinces me that there's
               | still time to buy before everyone realizes what a good
               | idea it is after all
        
             | 1996 wrote:
             | > servile wave of infantile 'technologists' that are
             | beholden to FAANG so this is clearly what happens when even
             | 'smart people' get things wrong: they try to justify their
             | errors with these campaign smears. Which is why I'm glad so
             | many are leaving CA, hopefully it can go back to it's
             | cypherpunk roots it had in the 80s and 90s.
             | 
             | So true. I wish I had had the opportunity to live in the
             | golden age cypherpunk CA of the 1970-1990s.
             | 
             | > Their work is not their own, and they are beholden to
             | their employers for identity and purpose, and Bitcoin is
             | just a reminder of why it might have been a waste of time
             | when M1 and M2 spikes happen.
             | 
             | So true. If only they could listen. But they are too
             | emotionally invested in their mistakes. So they try to find
             | meaning and happiness with the peanuts that are thrown at
             | them.
             | 
             | > They thought they had it so good, for so long, so now
             | when something comes along and shows them that their jails
             | are opened they suffer from a sort of anxiety when they're
             | not in one
             | 
             | Thanks a lot for taking the time to write that. It helps me
             | understand them better.
             | 
             | Like you, I have tried to understand the people who single
             | hand reject crypto on HN.
             | 
             | My conclusion is that it is due in part to the golden jail
             | (good paying job in FANG tech) + not wanting to bite the
             | hand that feeds (corporate overlords / governmnent) +
             | intellectual laziness coming from a mix of a golden jail +
             | old age (most people here seem to be over 40) - but the
             | icing on the cake is this anxiety.
             | 
             | I have talked with some people like arcticbull (a HN
             | permabull on all things crypto) and he said he also has the
             | irrational fear of being defrauded.
             | 
             | I think it is a manifestation of the anxiety you describe:
             | the fear their effort were meaningless.
             | 
             | > lets just build it for them, but give them a key they can
             | keep inside and use if and when they are ever ready
             | 
             | The airdrops were like that. I have seen myself very
             | intelligent people sell their airdrops for a handful of
             | dollars. In a way, this free crypto was lost on them. They
             | got a few burgers. More patient people got at least a car.
             | 
             | If you have friends you want to help, don't give them
             | crypto: they will immediately sell it, regardless of the
             | price, because they are afraid of the variance and not very
             | rational. They are the kind of people who would eat the
             | seed gains instead of planting it. They are unable to think
             | long term (maybe from growing up poor, or having to work a
             | job to get money?)
             | 
             | Instead, keep the crypto for them, and bestow a part of it
             | when the time is right, in fiat, at an amount you think
             | adequate to their immediate needs. You can always give them
             | more later.
        
             | throw9017000 wrote:
             | Not everyone ignore Bitcoin because they love fiat or can't
             | handle the disruption. Some do it because enabling a
             | stronger uncontrolled brand of capitalism sounds like
             | replacing a weaker poison with a stronger one.
        
             | scsilver wrote:
             | What are core competencies for moving into blockchain work?
        
               | mightybyte wrote:
               | Depends on what area. Depending on where you're focusing
               | in the blockchain industry any of the following can be
               | important: cryptography, large scale distributed systems,
               | economics / game theory and designing incentive systems,
               | programming language design, pure functional programming
               | (because smart contracts can't have side effects),
               | frontend development, UI/UX design, and on and on.
               | 
               | Ultimately dapp (I hate that term but have long since
               | grudgingly accepted that it's become ubiquitous in the
               | industry) development is just normal web app development
               | except that you might also be making AJAX requests to a
               | blockachin and _possibly_ also writing your own smart
               | contracts. Writing your own smart contracts is a somewhat
               | distinct skillset, but the rest of it is just normal web
               | app development.
        
               | Melting_Harps wrote:
               | > What are core competencies for moving into blockchain
               | work?
               | 
               | That's too broad a question, and really depends on the
               | ecosystem, but I'll narrow it down for you if you want
               | just want one obvious use case and I can expand as I go:
               | verifiable proof of ownership.
               | 
               | Something like Melvin Capital shorting 138% of GMS's
               | stock would be impossible in a properly regulated Market,
               | one that prohibits endless speculation and the wanton
               | destruction of Capital for the sole purpose of making
               | money gambling to take a business down as the outstanding
               | shares cannot simply be willed into existence if they
               | need to be cryptograhpically verified and exists solely
               | on a blockchain, but most likely a sidechain/colored-coin
               | system that still has the same properties.
               | 
               | Naked Short selling maybe technically illegal, but that
               | is in name only and in continues unabated to this day,
               | hell the SEC refused to look into this obvious collusion
               | between various hedge funds (citadel/melvin/Steve Cohen)
               | but speculation about trying to go after Elon for taking
               | to Social Media and talking about Bitcoin is enough to
               | warrant a possible investigation?
               | 
               | Also, deed ownership, be it land or property:
               | government's entering hyperinflation and dissolving is a
               | perfect time for asset forfeiture on a national level
               | (nationalizing) by the vying faction and is responsible
               | for so much unnecessary misery and wasted Human Capital:
               | I wish I still had this interview that really touched me
               | it was with Suboi, a now famous Vietnamese rapper, but
               | relatively unknown at the time and her parent's issue
               | with trying to convince the Vietnamese government that
               | they owned the home before the War happened but they
               | tried to make all kinds of excuses to repossess it as she
               | was growing up: its the basis for her song 'Doi' talking
               | about her father's attempted suicide and thier monetary
               | troubles as a result of this dispute with the government.
               | 
               | Same thing happened in Katrina with FEMA and settlement
               | checks as ownership of the home had been on a legacy
               | basis that had roots from sometimes from colonial times.
               | 
               | Lastly, and most vivid to me is over coming censorship,
               | but specifically financial censorship: I did it and I
               | could write a book on the matter. But suffice it to say,
               | I was really touched by Paxful's work recently as they
               | just built their 4th school in Nigeria instead of
               | 'moonboi'ing it' and buying 'lambos' with the wealth
               | their startup created and have instead focused on help
               | build the the Nigerian economy and it's entrepreneurs to
               | create wealth all while their Government is actively
               | trying to deem it as the source of all it's problems, not
               | least of which ~12 inflation per annul that is a direct
               | result of poor monetary policy coupled with even worse
               | insular laws and ossified fintech solutions.
               | 
               | My most ambitious and craziest goal/aspiration of all is
               | something Elon just made possible with adoptiong Bitcoin
               | and making it clear a crypto will be used on Mars:
               | Bitcoin serving as the medium of exchange for inter-
               | planetary trade and commerce, and a settlements network.
               | 
               | Banking even in the West doesn't even work on weekends or
               | past 5pm and people are just assuming we can keep
               | carrying that corpse on our backs as we are slowly
               | getting closer to becoming an multi-planteray species is
               | beyond me and I cannot emphasize how critical that will
               | be in just the next 2 decades.
               | 
               | Voting is another one that should also be clear, given
               | Trumps fomenting of violence in the capital reminding why
               | its best to have open and free elections that can be
               | verified by anyone in real time. Several countries have
               | attempted this so I'm not going to into depth as the
               | information exists, and that's just focusing on what
               | we've created in the last decade, I think the next 2 are
               | going to be an even more interesting ride as I cannot
               | even what is next and this tech moves so fast.
               | 
               | UBI would be another one, but to be honest Aurora failed
               | and we didn't gain much useful info from it's failure, so
               | this is one we have to wait for Nation states to fail
               | (even more than the US has with unemployment apparently)
               | at and we can quickly iterate from there as the
               | technology is just way more robust and capable now.
        
               | fractionalhare wrote:
               | _> Something like Melvin Capital shorting 138% of GMS 's
               | stock_
               | 
               | It didn't short 138% of GME stock. GME short interest
               | increased to 138% while Melvin and many other hedge funds
               | were shorting it. Melvin didn't do that singlehandedly.
               | 
               |  _> Naked Short selling maybe technically illegal, but
               | that is in name only and in continues unabated to this
               | day, hell the SEC refused to look into this obvious
               | collusion between various hedge funds (citadel
               | /melvin/Steve Cohen)_
               | 
               | There is no evidence these firms colluded or engaged in
               | naked short selling. Naked short selling is when you sell
               | short a security without first entering into a contract
               | to borrow the security. Short interest is orthogonal to
               | naked short selling.
        
               | Melting_Harps wrote:
               | > It didn't short 138% of GME stock. GME short interest
               | increased to 138% while Melvin and many other hedge funds
               | were shorting it.
               | 
               | You corrected yourself to include that they weren't
               | alone, but whatever... but that still doesn't change the
               | fact that this would be impossible to do if it were a
               | blockchain based system with these parameters built in,
               | you cannot fictitiously create more of something that
               | exists in order to benefit you or your industry and then
               | suspend trading when things get out hand in that
               | blockchain environment, as its completely out of your
               | hand and the fraud in impossible to forge. And clearly
               | with a trillion dollar market cap, and growing, we proved
               | that it pays to play by the rules.
               | 
               | > There is no evidence these firms colluded or engaged in
               | naked short selling. Naked short selling is when you sell
               | short a security without first entering into a contract
               | to borrow the security. Short interest is orthogonal to
               | naked short selling.
               | 
               | Ok... we're done. This is going no where, keep downvoting
               | as that seems to be your only recourse but you being
               | blind to this obvious reality that SEC is selectively
               | applying the Law (which also happens to apply to OTHER
               | Naked short selling) isn't changing the fact of how
               | obvious this collusion was and nothing I say will change
               | that.
               | 
               | You want to pretend these markets are fair, go ahead, and
               | I'm not going to waste my time... But my points for
               | Blockchain based tech solutions that exist are already
               | there and your make believe arguments notwithstanding
               | will not make them go away.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | fractionalhare wrote:
               | I'm not making normative statements about what's fair or
               | not fair. There are legitimate and reasonable grounds for
               | criticism of capital markets. I'm correcting your
               | specific _positive_ statements, which I quoted, because
               | they 're incorrect. I don't have anything to say about
               | blockchain or the rest of your comment.
        
               | UncleMeat wrote:
               | > but that still doesn't change the fact that this would
               | be impossible to do if it were a blockchain based system
               | with these parameters built in
               | 
               | Why? Shorting above 100% doesn't "create more of
               | something". Why would a blockchain based trading system
               | prevent me from short selling a stock based on what other
               | people are doing? I've got the stock in my wallet. It was
               | loaned to me by Bob. I can sell it to you right now. Why
               | can't I sell it?
        
           | gjulianm wrote:
           | I think that's their point. There's a lot of discussion that
           | 'banks will become obsolete with crypto' that forgets that
           | banks are not the currency, they just manage it. If crypto
           | becomes widespread banks will keep on existing, they'll just
           | move to manage cryptocurrencies.
        
             | rorykoehler wrote:
             | Banks are not just managing money. They are distributors of
             | newly minted money via loans. They are not distributors of
             | crypto and the Fed are not involved (or at least necessary)
             | for the creation of new crypto.
        
               | logifail wrote:
               | > Banks are not just managing money. They are
               | distributors of newly minted money via loans. They are
               | not distributors of crypto and the Fed are not involved
               | (or at least necessary) for the creation of new crypto.
               | 
               | So in the brave new post-Fiat world we're thinking of,
               | how does getting a mortgage work, exactly?
               | 
               | The house I'm in was financed by my wife and I purchasing
               | a plot of land, for cash, then offering that land as
               | security to a bank, who then created a loan for a fairly
               | sizable chunk of cash with which we paid a builder to
               | construct the house.
               | 
               | In the all-cryptocurrency world, who creates the crypto
               | in the getting-a-mortgage process?
        
               | Melting_Harps wrote:
               | > The house I'm in was financed by my wife and I
               | purchasing a plot of land, for cash, then offering that
               | land as security to a bank, who then created a loan for a
               | fairly sizable chunk of cash with which we paid a builder
               | to construct the house.
               | 
               | This begs the obvious question: contract law is all about
               | enforcement. Clearly no one would be right to dispute you
               | own this land and home, you have the deeds and the tax
               | history, which could all be hashed on to the blockchain
               | right now for a nominal fee. But the fact is that the
               | State is what upholds the court system and the need to
               | prove this and they hold the threat of theft and violence
               | if you don't comply and arbitration in their 'legal
               | system' is expensive, slow, and arcane. People being
               | thrown out of their own homes they paid for in full in
               | 2008 was real because the banks created all these complex
               | derivatives and no one knew who owned what in the those
               | CDO and MBS. So when things got messy, and the banks
               | claimed the home the sheriff's showed up and did what
               | they always do: rendered unto Caeser. You may pay your
               | taxes that directly pays their salaries but they work for
               | the State, not you the resident and home owner.
               | 
               | This is why we don't need technologists in Bitcoin as
               | much as we need other professionals like legal people to
               | help create an automated arbitration system, divorced
               | entirely from the whims of Mankind: you can clearly prove
               | you've owned this land and home and when you made the
               | purchase(s) for it and the tax history in a timestamped
               | and verified way on the the ONLY immutable ledger,
               | amazing... but we cannot and do not have an enforcement
               | system to ensure you are entitled to keep this land and
               | home should an adversary come and take it other than
               | violence.
               | 
               | And this needs to be solved, which is why I would hope HN
               | would be a good breeding ground for such thought instead
               | of this endless non-sense about Bitcoin is just for
               | speculation, as if hedgefunds and FOREX markets aren't a
               | hotbed for illicit, corrupt and even more complex
               | legalized forms of gambling in the fiat Word. And have
               | caused the collapse of the economy countless times in
               | just the 20th and 21st Century that always ends up in
               | hotwars in the end, fought mainly by the people who
               | ironically just wanted to protect their homes from
               | 'foreign adversaries' when it's most often the domestic
               | threat they should have been most vigilant about.
               | 
               | Hell, most people don't even realize that the FOREX is
               | the biggest Industry in the entire World, and yet people
               | just forget about things like LIBOR interest rate rigging
               | when it's convenient and time to bash Bitcoin on here.
               | 
               | We get it, you missed out on making billions in fiat by
               | ignoring it, get over you not going to be Chamath or Elon
               | and help build the future we all want and maybe have a
               | chance of creating a post-scarce World.
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | > help create an automated arbitration system, divorced
               | entirely from the whims of Mankind
               | 
               | No. That is simply not possible with anything resembling
               | today's technology. We'll have flying cars on a Mars city
               | before automated arbitration on real world matters.
               | 
               | > help build the future we all want and maybe have a
               | chance of creating a post-scarce World.
               | 
               | Except fixed supply currency is going back in the other
               | direction. And the hard parts about eliminating scarcity
               | have nothing to do with the monetary system.
               | 
               | Besides, you still haven't explained how lending works
               | with bitcoin but without banks making up extra bitcoin.
               | 
               | Note: using bitcoin to refer to any fixed supply
               | currency, whether it's bitcoin, Eth, gold or anything
               | else.
        
               | Melting_Harps wrote:
               | > No. That is simply not possible with anything
               | resembling today's technology. We'll have flying cars on
               | a Mars city before automated arbitration on real world
               | matters.
               | 
               | I don't disagree about its current feasibility, but I
               | think that's mainly so because of a distortion of
               | incentives and that so many are invested in this model
               | (the few) despite how horrible it is (to the detriment of
               | the many) as so many people are incapable of doing
               | anything else at this point.
               | 
               | They would sooner die than consider opting for something
               | that they know will end their way of life if successful
               | and this terrifies them rather than excites them about
               | starting something new in life; the sad reality is the
               | legal system is already getting disrupted as we speak all
               | over the World and it's innovating at the edges, but also
               | manifests as distrust and disillusionment and lost of
               | confidence in even basic things like anti-masker, vaccine
               | conspiracy, and refusing to follow curfew and business
               | closures and can lead to having the National Gaurd in
               | Washington DC due to the storming of the Capital by
               | imbeciles fomented by Trump.
               | 
               | All of these are legal matters that are complicated and
               | messy, without a doubt, but the current legal system is
               | to blame for why so many loss confidence as it cannot
               | solve them either, and we can easily be overrun with a
               | 'burning of Alexandria' situation if we don't attempt to
               | solve these problems. And I mean in the next decade given
               | how fast things are escalating not just in the West but
               | in Asia: Thailand, Hong Kong and Mynmar are all in revolt
               | right now for obvious break down in trust with thier
               | systems and legal systems. The CCP is the benefactor from
               | these disolving in the region as they can expand their
               | influence in the turmoil and they simply don't care how
               | corrupt their legal systems are or how they appear to the
               | outside World and will disappear you if you resist which
               | is where I think this is all heading.
               | 
               | > Except fixed supply currency is going back in the other
               | direction. And the hard parts about eliminating scarcity
               | have nothing to do with the monetary system.
               | 
               | WHAT?!!!
               | 
               | This smacks of outright detached privilege only HNers can
               | conjure up from its ivory tower, go to countries that
               | suffer from hyperinflation and still suffer from severe
               | capital controls after that period all of which prevent
               | wealth creation before you make such a claim.
               | 
               | Otherwise I cannot take you seriously as your ignorance
               | is almost palpably painful to me... I've lived and worked
               | in Eastern Europe in the last decade and I went to baja
               | before the revaluation of the peso in the 90s quite often
               | as tourists, and the amount of poverty is incredibly
               | sad... it was crazy to see how my single dollar bill
               | bought 1000s worth of X in pesos down there. I honestly
               | would buy absurd stuff like 10kg of packaged laundry
               | detergent because it cost something absurd like 96 cents
               | and I had a story to tell when I got back to school.
               | 
               | Ill still remember to this day how upset I felt as a kid
               | using quarters on the arcade machines outside the store
               | instead of going to the counter and exchanging my USD to
               | credits for 'free play' tokens, and then suddenly
               | realizing how spoiled I was and how the $10 I spent in
               | that store after a few hours probably helped feed the
               | owners entire family for a week. It's funny how much
               | those experiences make you grow up, and I fear you cannot
               | relate.
               | 
               | What you have just said is just beyond belief and I
               | cannot seriously take what you say serious.
               | 
               | I can address lending as that is already a thing, BTC is
               | the collateral and fiat is the lent out. But the short is
               | we just revert to a satoshi standard rather than whole
               | Bitcoin (satoshi is 100 millionth of a Bitcoin)... But I
               | seriously don't feel like I can muster the energy to go
               | into depth as to how that would look like because of how
               | struck I am by that statement.
               | 
               | I'm not trying to be a SJW trigger queen, but that is
               | just so painfully ignorant that my head literately hurts
               | now and I have to get offline for a while.
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | For the first part, I'll just say that you vastly
               | overestimate our technical abilities if you think we
               | could even specify the problem of arbitration in such a
               | way that a computer could solve it, nevermind actually
               | implement the solver. You've chosen a relatively simple
               | case (proof of property) but arbitration in general is
               | much more complex.
               | 
               | For hyperinflation, I have been born and continue to live
               | in Romania, a country that went exactly through that in
               | the 90s, to the extent that a loaf of bread that was
               | initially maybe 10-20 ROL would cost 10k ROL. I remember
               | as a child not being able to afford popcorn when going to
               | the park with my grandparents, or my grandfather selling
               | his old car and buying the family's first color TV with
               | the money. I remember living as a family of four in a 2
               | bedroom apartment (my parents had their bedroom, while my
               | brother and I shared the livingroom until we were in our
               | twenties).
               | 
               | But that wasn't the problem of our economy, it was just
               | what kept it (barely) working! If we couldn't go to
               | hyperinflation, we would have simply not payed salaries
               | or other debts.
               | 
               | The problem of the economy was that we had sold most of
               | our communist-era industry for parts in a quest for
               | 'privatization' and a 'free market', and were left not
               | being able to produce locally or export almost anything.
               | Even today, we are a temperate, extremely water-rich
               | plains country that imports a good segment of its food -
               | to the absurd degree that we are importing fruit from
               | Holland and Israel among others.
               | 
               | Of course, poor governance and corruption played a huge
               | role as well. The government promising ever higher
               | pensions and salaries for state employees, the works. But
               | those problems would not have gone away if people were
               | getting bitcoin instead of Lei.
               | 
               | Scarcity is a problem of production, not of money. Money
               | itself is almost immaterial. If we could produce enough
               | food, water, energy, cars, fridges, computers, furniture
               | etc. for every single person on Earth, and all of their
               | children, to have all they need at the same time, we
               | could renounce money entirely, Star Trek style.
               | 
               | You have a terrible understanding of economics (and of
               | the plight of people who lived through hyperinflation,
               | like myself) if you think that people in a country
               | experiencing hyperinflation would fare any better if they
               | could trade in BTC instead of the de-valued fiat. The
               | only ones who would be better off are the rich, whose
               | reserves of cash would not suddenly lose their value. But
               | people who live off wages would see pay cuts and
               | eventually just stop getting payed if the currency were
               | forced to a global standard instead of suffering
               | inflation.
               | 
               | Note: there may be cases where a country, often a
               | dictatorship, simply prints money out of stupidity, and
               | also forces the population not to trade in foreign money.
               | This is not the most common cause of hyperinflation, and
               | it is significantly better fixed by BTC, since that is
               | more or less as easy or hard to outlaw as the ownership
               | of dollars.
               | 
               | Oh, and guess what - the country got richer and better
               | without the currency having to go through deflation! In
               | fact, bread still costs 10-20k ROL, and a PC still costs
               | 40-50 million ROL, we just 're-branded' our currency to
               | RON at a fixed 1:10k RON:ROL exchange rate to make the
               | numbers more manageable. We started having productive
               | industries with products that others wanted to buy, and
               | governance got better (we still have huge problems and
               | some of the poorest regions in the EU, but that is
               | besides the point).
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | > I don't disagree about its current feasibility, but I
               | think that's mainly so because of a distortion of
               | incentives and that so many are invested in this model
               | (the few) despite how horrible it is (to the detriment of
               | the many) as so many people are incapable of doing
               | anything else at this point.
               | 
               | The problem is, at this point it's like arguing for
               | communism. It's an utopia. It could happen but I wouldn't
               | bet money I'd lose sleep over on it.
               | 
               | It's probably more likely that an asteroid will hit the
               | planet and we'll all go extinct before you're able to
               | change the minds of most of humanity.
               | 
               | Heck, communists even managed to get a hold of a global
               | superpower which actually tried to take over the world
               | and they still lost! Good luck with
               | Bitcoin/cryptocurrencies :-)
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | >>This smacks of outright detached privilege only HNers
               | can conjure up from its ivory tower, go to countries that
               | suffer from hyperinflation and still suffer from severe
               | capital controls after that period all of which prevent
               | wealth creation before you make such a claim.
               | 
               | Hyperinflation is merely the symptom. If you think you
               | can cure a failed state by treating it's symptoms you are
               | just going to make things worse through ignorance.
               | 
               | >What you have just said is just beyond belief and I
               | cannot seriously take what you say serious.
               | 
               | The unfortunate reality is that the problems lie much
               | deeper than in just something as irrelevant as the
               | currency.
               | 
               | Think about it. If you can buy 10kg of laundry detergent
               | for $1 how come that country didn't simply export its
               | ultra cheap products and grew its economy that way? You
               | know, like China. Why is China different? It's easy.
               | China had competition in Hong Kong and an easy model to
               | copy and most importantly, the government did copy the
               | working model and invested into a capitalist China.
               | 
               | Here's the thing. Governments can make and break their
               | countries. A crappy deflationary currency will never
               | achieve anything.
        
               | littlestymaar wrote:
               | Coinbase and al. also do exactly this though: when you
               | buy bitcoin on an exchange, Coinbase gives you an IOU for
               | bitcoin, with zero transaction recorded in the blockchain
               | it's only when you want to actually take these bitcoins
               | out of your Coinbase wallet, to move them to your own
               | bitcoin wallet, that a real bitcoin transaction exist. In
               | the meantime, there can be more bitcoins owned on
               | Coinbase than real bitcoin in existence, exactly like a
               | bank. (And commercial banks have existed is the US long
               | before the Fed, which was relatively late invention
               | (1913) designed to avoid /limit the scope of financial
               | crisis).
        
               | uhhhhhhhhhhhhhh wrote:
               | so what would happen in a "bitcoin bankrun", where, for
               | whatever reason, 100% of coinbase customers say "i'll
               | take my coins into my own physical wallet please"
        
       | llaolleh wrote:
       | It seems like most of these problems are technical in nature,
       | which can be solved with better silicon and design schemes.
       | 
       | I was very anti-blockchain for a while, but if you zoom out it
       | makes a whole lot of sense.
       | 
       | The revolution that happened in finance was double entry
       | bookkeeping. To me, the logical next step is to have everyone
       | keep a immutable tamper proof, copy of the ledger synced, in
       | agreement, all the time.
        
       | jonathanaird wrote:
       | BSV has solved 1,2 and 5. 3 is on the way and 4 is a non-issue.
        
       | EGreg wrote:
       | No, blockchains are not the future, they are really the reason
       | why one transaction can happen at a time in the whole world.
       | 
       | Even Ethereum 2.0 will have shards which will do away with this
       | anomaly. The only reason flash loans even work with no collateral
       | is because you can be sure nothing else is running on the "world
       | computer" while your transaction runs, so you can roll it back
       | with no risk except gas fees. Vitalik himself acknowledges this,
       | the guy is quite honest and straightforward about its
       | limitations:
       | 
       | Vitalik Buterin: _Using Ethereum is expensive, and its blockchain
       | is 'almost full' He also said blockchain 's 'problem' is that
       | every computer verifies every transaction_
       | 
       | Actually blockchains are a first-generation technology that do
       | global consensus for every block, which literally means all
       | transactions in the world must go through one computer in the
       | world (the miner) although it's a different one each time. And
       | the situation is actually worse, since you don't know who would
       | mine the next block in advance, every transaction must be sent to
       | every potential miner! Imagine if BitTorrent had every computer
       | store and seed every movie instead of using DHT.
       | 
       | The ability to send or loan arbitrarily large amounts for a fixed
       | fee is a symptom of centralization. In a fully distributed
       | network, transaction fees would have to be proportional to
       | transaction size!
       | 
       | Almost every other protocol on the Internet does not have such
       | bottlenecks in its design. No one asks how many emails or
       | websites can be served per second. Blockchain is trying to secure
       | every transaction using the entire network! That is why so much
       | electricity is wasted just to do 7 transactions per second. The
       | next generation of crypto will actually be able to power payments
       | using embarrasingly parallel architecture. Until then, we have
       | blockchain.
       | 
       | Ethereum is nicknamed the "world computer" for a reason. Gas fees
       | are super high for small transactions like paying for coffee or
       | voting in a secure election. Just one app KryptoKitties can clog
       | up the entire network.
       | 
       | As one example, we built Intercoin apps on top of Ethereum
       | (https://intercoin.org/applications) but we are not going to wait
       | around for Ethereum 2.0 - which is blockchain also. Kik Messenger
       | and others have long gotten off. Ripple, MaidSAFE and Solana use
       | different technologies.
        
         | ItsMonkk wrote:
         | You touched on something that I have been trying to work out
         | but don't nearly have the expertise to create.
         | 
         | Bitcoin requires PoW because it's implemented as back-pointers,
         | where the global software states that everyone coalesces behind
         | the tallest chain.
         | 
         | But why not just implement a linked list, where the next link
         | is written into the current block, and whomever writes to that
         | next block wins? You would end up with endless blocks, but we
         | can use what we learned with ext2 fs, where we have a circular
         | queue. Once the data has been consumed by the main datastore,
         | it is consumed and is available to be written to again.
         | 
         | You can still store the entire chain in some cheap s3, and
         | anyone who wants to ensure that every command was executed
         | could do so, but most would not.
         | 
         | I would love to see this implemented with torrent technology,
         | such that I could host a website database solely by paying a
         | seedbox company.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | andreaorru wrote:
         | What's your opinion on Layer 2 technologies like ZK and
         | Optimistic Rollups?
        
           | EGreg wrote:
           | I think they definitely have a chance, but sharding is the
           | best idea.
           | 
           | Unfortunately Bitcoin with Proof of Work will be around for a
           | very long time as mining will be extremely lucrative for 100
           | years. Wasting more and more electricity for a legacy system
           | to do store of value.
        
         | loceng wrote:
         | "Almost every other protocol on the Internet does not have such
         | bottlenecks in its design. No one asks how many emails or
         | websites can be served per second."
         | 
         | I think blockchain can be a good answer to problems that
         | Bitcoin solves, however the blockchain used needs to not be
         | designed as an MLM scheme with a financial incentive for its
         | adoption, and designed to avoid other unavoidable pitfalls
         | Bitcoin creates that we need to avoid. I think the current
         | iteration of blockchain as Bitcoin only became the incumbent
         | because of the MLM scheme, and that there is a non-MLM solution
         | that can gain adoption - it just has to be understood by
         | democratically elected decision makers first (save regulatory
         | capture which will most certainly happen with the weight of the
         | "army/mob of HODLers."
        
       | controlweather wrote:
       | Y'all just mad you're still poor!
        
       | mtrycz2 wrote:
       | Scalability: While it can't do 25k transactions per second, my
       | Raspberry Pi can validate 600tps with still some headroom. (ie
       | 150x current maximum of BTC; it could actually do 2,2k but I
       | wasn't able to reliably generate blocks because of the stochastic
       | nature of it)
       | 
       | The barriers described in the article are very real, but there is
       | also real work being done to remove them.
        
       | nexthash wrote:
       | I think the #1 reason blockchain doesn't work is very simple -
       | the technology is broken beyond fixability. This article is two
       | years old, but the same variations of these excuses always come
       | up when the crypto ideologues are grilled on why their utopiaic
       | vision hasn't come about, for all of blockchain's existence.
       | Blockchain is awful for most things compared to a centralized or
       | distributed database: it is inefficient, untrustworthy due to
       | decentralization, a huge resource hog, and morbidly complex to
       | implement.
       | 
       | The only good use cases that come to mind is if there is some
       | _particular reason_ for you to evade the conventional and easier
       | systems of communication and storage. The lesson is: you should
       | evaluate technology on its merits, not its politics. Three
       | classic sources on the blockchain question immediately come to
       | mind:
       | 
       | http://doyouneedablockchain.com/
       | 
       | https://imgur.com/a/RlUj9Ed
       | 
       | My personal favorite:
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/vgcerf/status/1019987651301081089
        
         | mrharrison wrote:
         | I have been in the blockchain space for about three years, and
         | there is an explosion in tech and innovation in the last six
         | months. Visa, Mastercard etc... are integrating, bank
         | regulators now allow banks to connect to public networks. It
         | just astounds me sometimes how people can be so confident in a
         | review of a platform type and done so little research. I urge
         | you to take a second look. Blockchain is primed to disrupt the
         | financial industry.
        
           | rrrazdan wrote:
           | Disrupt but how? Can you point to a specific example or use
           | case?
        
             | mrharrison wrote:
             | More transparent than the opaque financial industry. You as
             | a user completely own your assets, with your public key.
             | Yes blockchain wallets/public keys are bad UX, but at the
             | same time they give you actual ownership of your
             | securities/index funds. A person can have access to the
             | same financial products that banks have access to, because
             | they cost a fraction of a price to run then they normally
             | do on CEX and instead of waiting for 3 days for a
             | transaction to complete, it completes in 5 minutes. I could
             | go on and on... Essentially blockchain makes financial
             | products faster, cheaper and more accessible. No middlemen
             | involved and a transparent audit trail.
        
               | UncleMeat wrote:
               | > You as a user completely own your assets, with your
               | public key.
               | 
               | Cool. Why is this a thing tons of people want?
               | 
               | > A person can have access to the same financial products
               | that banks have access to, because they cost a fraction
               | of a price to run then they normally do on CEX and
               | instead of waiting for 3 days for a transaction to
               | complete, it completes in 5 minutes.
               | 
               | Which financial products? How many people want those
               | things?
               | 
               | For BTC to disrupt the financial industry I'd expect
               | there to be a huge number of people who want its features
               | over the alternative. But where are they? Where are the
               | billions of people who want to manage the storage of
               | their own wealth or trade derivatives daily?
        
               | mrharrison wrote:
               | They don't know they want it, till they know what it
               | means. It means independence from central exchanges, it
               | means the money in your savings account of .01% interest
               | account can now be directly leveraged by loans on Aave,
               | which return 5-9% interest. No middleman managing your
               | money. Your assets can be directly accessed by people who
               | need it.
        
               | AngrySkillzz wrote:
               | Defi loans are not actually useful though. You
               | overcollateralize 150% of your ETH or whatever, to get
               | say 100% back in some stablecoin.
               | 
               | But you could have just sold the ETH in the first
               | place...? If it truly is a "currency" then why are you
               | taking a currency loan on your currency? That's like
               | putting up $150 of collateral to get a $100 loan, it
               | makes no sense.
               | 
               | Unless it's not a currency, in which case this is just a
               | margin loan - I think my speculative asset is going to go
               | up in price, so I will take out a loan against it instead
               | of selling it. Which has only two use cases: I need the
               | dollars and I'm avoiding paying capital gains, OR I want
               | this margin loan to speculate on more cryptocurrency!
               | 
               | That's a pretty small use case compared to like, "loans"
               | in general. Plus if/when the ETH/USD price crashes, all
               | of these loans will get liquidated and push the price
               | down further. I fully expect a "portfolio
               | insurance"-Black Monday type crash if ETH ever falls by
               | more than 30%.
        
               | mrharrison wrote:
               | Web3 is definitely the new wild west of the internet. I
               | agree there will be wild price swings, but it will
               | stabilize as more people are onboarded.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | I don't think you understand the relationship between
               | interest rates and risk. The reason that bank savings
               | accounts have low interest rates is that they are zero
               | risk (FDIC). Any asset class with a 5-9% expected return
               | carries a substantial risk of losing you principal. In
               | other words, sometimes borrowers default.
        
               | BlackInkstoan wrote:
               | DEXs and PLFs still lack integration into the traditional
               | finance infrastructure. Outside of escrowed p2p sales of
               | cryptocurrency, centralized exchanges are the only FIAT
               | on and off ramps.
               | 
               | If stablecoins, custodial or noncustodial gain widespread
               | adoption, DeFi will remain as a niche for hardcore crypto
               | fans.
        
               | selestify wrote:
               | > If stablecoins, custodial or noncustodial gain
               | widespread adoption, DeFi will remain as a niche for
               | hardcore crypto fans.
               | 
               | Why? It seems the exact opposite to be -- if stablecoins
               | gain widespread adoption, there will be a lot more
               | exposure to DeFi because you have stablecoins already and
               | can directly partake in DeFi.
               | 
               | Right now the biggest hurdle is fiat -> crypto
               | conversions and back, stablecoin or not. If you already
               | have stablecoin because it's widely used, then that won't
               | be a problem anymore.
        
               | dmitriid wrote:
               | > A person can have access to the same financial products
               | that banks have access to
               | 
               | Like reverting transactions? Handling of disputes? Fraud
               | detection?
               | 
               | > Essentially blockchain makes financial products faster,
               | cheaper and more accessible.
               | 
               | You literally mentioned bad UX just a few sentences ago?
               | How that makes it more accessible than existing systems?
               | 
               | Cheaper? What's the transaction cost at any given moment
               | in time?
               | 
               | Faster? Credit card transactions are instant these days,
               | have no fluctuating costs, and carry an added benefit of,
               | you know, customer and seller protections.
        
             | kergonath wrote:
             | Anytime now. We've been told the revolution was around the
             | corner for years.
        
               | mrharrison wrote:
               | It turned into a 1 trillion dollar market three weeks
               | ago. DeFi has been on an upward trend for the past 6
               | months. It is happening. Banks were just allowed in
               | January to start interacting with public blockchains, so
               | give that a year. The regulatory walls are dropping and
               | accessibility is increasing with the likes of Visa and
               | Mastercard.
        
           | ashtonkem wrote:
           | I find it very entertaining how suddenly Visa is a good
           | thing, the moment they wanted to offer a crypto card. All
           | this after how many articles decrying Visa and other "legacy"
           | financial institutions?
           | 
           | Also, the idea that Visa is going to help the Blockchain
           | finally scale is ... well, let's just say that you're not
           | supposed to enthusiastically endorse what the detractors have
           | been saying for years.
        
             | hanniabu wrote:
             | It's a stepping stone to create adoption.
        
               | mrharrison wrote:
               | Yes, I went from Coinbase to managing my own wallet.
               | Coinbase was my stepping stone, but now with my own
               | wallet I have access to so many other products without
               | Coinbase taking a fee and products that Coinbase doesn't
               | offer. Coinbase helped me understand what was possible,
               | now I have graduated to liquidity pools, staking and
               | DEX's.
        
               | mrharrison wrote:
               | Weird how I got so many minus points for an actual
               | experience.
        
               | AngrySkillzz wrote:
               | Where "creating adoption" means "hopefully the price of
               | the speculative assets I own goes up"
        
         | payne92 wrote:
         | > "The only good use cases that come to mind is if there is
         | some particular reason for you to evade the conventional and
         | easier systems of communication and storage."
         | 
         | * Nailed it *
         | 
         | I've long said the killer app for blockchain already exists:
         | international money laundering and untraceable transfers.
         | 
         | This also happens to be the precise use case where folks want
         | to "evade conventional and easier systems".
        
           | pjkundert wrote:
           | Until you need international remittances or business
           | payments.
           | 
           | Then, Crypto at its worst is _far_ better than international
           | Wire Transfers, etc.
        
             | jeltz wrote:
             | I do international business payments all the time and most
             | of them cost 0.15 EUR and are easy to both accept and send.
             | More expensive ones (those outside the EU) can cost 3 EUR
             | and have a exchange fee of 0.5%. And as far as I can tell
             | prices are going down. I had to pay 0.3 EUR in 2019. Most
             | transactions take like 2 bank days, but that is no big deal
             | since most invoices are for 14 or 30 days.
             | 
             | To me it is unclear what issue there is to solve unless
             | your country has messed up banks.
        
             | pavlov wrote:
             | This claim is often made and it just makes no sense to me.
             | 
             | Let's say I'm invoicing someone abroad for $100k USD.
             | 
             | Today they send me a wire transfer. It costs about 25 USD
             | (fixed fee, but in this case 0.025% of the transaction,
             | i.e. negligible) and normally completes the same day.
             | 
             | The payment is made in the currency of my invoice, so I'm
             | guaranteed to receive the right amount. (Any currency
             | exchange is the sender's responsibility. But a lot of
             | companies maintain accounts in various currencies, so they
             | probably have USD at hand.)
             | 
             | How does crypto payment improve anything here? Exchanges
             | just add extra steps. The extreme volatility of Bitcoin
             | means that, by the time an exchange is processing my $100k
             | withdrawal, it might be worth $90k. It's not a useful
             | currency if it goes up and down 10% in a day.
        
               | hanniabu wrote:
               | If it wasn't an issue then this wouldn't be happening:
               | 
               | https://news.bitcoin.com/central-bank-of-nigeria-orders-
               | bank...
        
               | pavlov wrote:
               | An African central bank is suspicious of cryptocurrency.
               | How is that somehow evidence that wire transfers are
               | difficult?
               | 
               | I guess if the use case is "I want to send $1M from Iran
               | to an American who will distribute the money to Nigerian
               | accounts"... Then yes, that is presumably easier to
               | execute in crypto. But there are also pretty good reasons
               | why countries want to keep an eye on that kind of flows.
        
               | michaelscott wrote:
               | I see you've never lived in an African country.
               | Remittances of any kind, even between neighbouring
               | countries, is slow, painful and depending on which
               | country on the continent you're in may not arrive at all.
               | I haven't lived in Asia, South America or even certain
               | parts of Europe but I imagine you may find similar
               | conditions there as well.
        
               | selestify wrote:
               | Why not just use a stablecoin for the transfer?
        
               | centimeter wrote:
               | As someone who has had to make international payments in
               | the US$20-50k range semi-frequently, Bitcoin is _by far_
               | the easiest way to do it.
               | 
               | Your story about it being easy and cheap to do via
               | remittances or whatever is pure fiction. Any traditional
               | mechanism is at least two of slow, expensive, and
               | onerous.
        
               | jeltz wrote:
               | It is not pure fiction. I also send transactions semi-
               | frequently in those ranges and have never had an issue.
               | Sure, I have not sent them to Africa and that might be
               | where the differences in experiences lie.
        
             | throw0101a wrote:
             | Better than, say, Transferwise or XE.com? Can you explain
             | how?
        
               | bitxbitxbitcoin wrote:
               | There isn't a list of allowed vs banned countries?
        
               | UncleMeat wrote:
               | Now you are back at the "evading" use case. BTC works
               | better if you want to send six figures to somebody in
               | Iran. That remains a pretty small use case.
        
             | m3kw9 wrote:
             | There was once I transferred money from Bitcoin to a
             | Bitcoin cash address accidentally. The money was lost
             | forever. It was a weird reason due to being syncing , but
             | yeah you could lose money just like that while most people
             | wouldn't be able to explain it or understand it.
        
               | hanniabu wrote:
               | That has been solved with more user friendly wallets. If
               | you're using a Qt wallet you'd think you knew what you
               | were doing. The Qt wallet actually even tells you not to
               | do anything until it's done syncing so you must have
               | closed that overlay and ignored that warning. User error,
               | that's your fault.
        
               | m3kw9 wrote:
               | Actually i got no such warning. But your explanation re-
               | enforces how easy things can go wrong.
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | This is a great example of why Bitcoin has failed: you do
               | not build faith in a financial system by reportedly
               | telling people that any mistake will have no way to
               | correct it but they will be mocked for not being perfect.
        
           | hobs wrote:
           | The globally shared ledger is not a place for untraceable
           | transfers.
        
             | selestify wrote:
             | Monero solves that problem.
        
         | The_rationalist wrote:
         | Immutable databases are much more interesting than Blockchain,
         | it's time for the hype circle to move on
         | https://adlrocha.substack.com/p/adlrocha-immutable-databases
        
         | throw0101a wrote:
         | > _a huge resource hog_
         | 
         | One observation that I recently saw:
         | 
         | > _Bitcoin is such an environmental disaster it really is a
         | crime against humanity. So what does Tesla do with their $1.5B
         | in revenue last year from clean car credits sold to other
         | automakers? Put it into "Destroy the Planet Inc"_
         | 
         | * https://twitter.com/ncweaver/status/1358780808144723968
        
         | mlthoughts2018 wrote:
         | > "The only good use cases that come to mind is if there is
         | some particular reason for you to evade the conventional and
         | easier systems of communication and storage."
         | 
         | This is the number one model for valuation of Bitcoin-like
         | cryptocurrencies. Say you live in Venezuela and dealing with
         | custodial intermediaries in your local fiat currency is
         | completely untenable. You can't store money in gold or other
         | precious metals. You can't keep it in a bank account. You can't
         | transfer it (with fees) in a foreign exchange market.
         | 
         | All these things require dependency on the local fiat currency
         | (plus more for custodial fees if dealing with anything like
         | gold or stocks or bonds), not even factoring in issues of the
         | fiat currency's own extreme volatility and transaction fees.
         | Banks being trusted central parties or Visa being able to
         | process 40k transactions per second sure won't mean shit to you
         | at that point.
         | 
         | But with Bitcoin you can drive across the border and actually
         | buy milk or medicine, no fiat currency involved. You'll happily
         | see the volatility and slow transaction process / high fees as
         | a worthwhile overhead cost for independent purchasing power
         | outside of your local fiat currency.
         | 
         | Now, _of course_ this is a rare and small use case by volume
         | and by market cap in comparison to normal functioning fiat
         | currencies. At any given time only a small amount of the world
         | demand for financial transactions would fall in some
         | destabilized government zone where independence from local fiat
         | currency is materially important and having a preemptive stock
         | of cryptocurrency holdings really matters. And somewhat lesser
         | there will be some small market for people with extreme risk
         | aversion preferences or "prepper" outlook (eg, "What if the US
         | dollar collapses?" - most of us don't care to hedge that
         | extreme tail risk, but some people do care).
         | 
         | The total demand for currency holdings like this will
         | _obviously_ be much lower than any total market cap of a major
         | fiat currency.
         | 
         | But it may still be higher than the total market cap of
         | cryptocurrency today - that completely depends on your personal
         | take on forecasting and speculating.
         | 
         | In other words, there are several straightforward and
         | uncontroversial reasons why buying and holding cryptocurrency
         | _rationally_ makes sense. You could happen to be wrong about
         | the speculative future demand for this type of transaction
         | capability. You could be wrong in the magnitude of the
         | forecast. But being wrong doesn't make it irrational hype or
         | conceptually broken from first principles, as you foolishly
         | assert. There are many very uncontroversial, directly obvious
         | and rational reasons to speculatively buy and hold crypto,
         | depending on your personal appraisal of that market and future
         | demand for that transaction capability.
        
           | selestify wrote:
           | > You'll happily see the volatility and slow transaction
           | process / high fees as a worthwhile overhead cost for
           | independent purchasing power outside of your local fiat
           | currency.
           | 
           | Don't stablecoins solve the volatility problem, and NANO
           | solves the slowness/transaction speed aspect? Granted, these
           | features can't be combined just yet. But they are available
           | separately
        
         | throw0101a wrote:
         | > https://imgur.com/a/RlUj9Ed
         | 
         | This decision flow chart is Figure 6 of NISTIR 8202,
         | "Blockchain Technology Overview":
         | 
         | * https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/nistir/8202/final
         | 
         | See page 53 of the PDF ("42" at the bottom of page,
         | 'physically').
         | 
         | If you need a handy guide to give to someone to explain
         | blockchain (though not crypto currencies), it's hard to go
         | wrong with send people this link.
         | 
         | For a more finance-y, the CFA Institute has a useful white
         | paper:
         | 
         | *
         | https://www.cfainstitute.org/en/research/foundation/2021/cry...
        
         | lima wrote:
         | > _the technology is broken beyond fixability_
         | 
         | [citation needed]
         | 
         | Crypto ideologues are a strawman. Anyone working on the actual
         | tech agrees that blockchains are useful if, and only if, you
         | can't rely on a single party and need a decentralized,
         | trustless append-only database. Otherwise, why bother with the
         | extra complexity? That's the whole point of blockchains, after
         | all.
         | 
         | Technology choices are complex set of trade-offs, even within
         | the blockchain space.
        
           | oblio wrote:
           | Blockchain is like NoSQL.
           | 
           | NoSQL was a nice buzzword to bunch up web caches and log
           | processing tools for analytics, especially for the creepy-
           | spying-ads corps.
           | 
           | The blockchain niches seem to be much, much smaller than what
           | it's sold for. Once the dust settles (~5 years from now) it's
           | likely that not much will be left behind an all this money
           | spent on it will have been wasted.
           | 
           | Heck, NoSQL databases have wider applicability than
           | blockchain and few people consider them a major technological
           | revolution, let alone a social or economical one.
        
           | packetlost wrote:
           | Correct. The problem is there's virtually nothing that
           | actually benefits from those things. A strong case case could
           | be made for a truly decentralized global currency and maybe
           | smart-contracts, but not "a store of value" or
           | "revolutionizing supply chain bookkeeping".
        
             | mikegreenberg wrote:
             | Note that both use cases (decentralized global currency and
             | smart contracts) rely on altruism which cannot be
             | guaranteed by human actors but is entirely deterministic
             | within the chaos of humanity (with a sufficient number of
             | honest actors) using a blockchain. That is the value prop:
             | distributed consensus with "quick" convergence toward an
             | agreed upon truth.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | ClumsyPilot wrote:
             | Transactions between banks need clearing and settling. Many
             | systems run on a periodict (like half an hour) net
             | settlement, some are even slower. Blockchain is a perfect
             | firt for those usecases.
             | 
             | There is a reason JP morgan is developing quorum
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | There are two distinct classes of system pushed under the
               | label "blockchain": the kind like Bitcoin are enormously
               | complicated by trying to be used between untrusted
               | parties. The systems which are potential viable are much
               | less expensive because all of the parties in their system
               | are known and trusted at least to be subject to contract
               | law. All a bank needs is public key encryption and Merkle
               | trees, and while that might be branded as a blockchain
               | for marketing purposes that doesn't make it the same.
        
               | jeltz wrote:
               | Or they could just start doing real time settlement,
               | something which the banks are working on.
        
           | hobs wrote:
           | Right, the problem is that almost no one needs those features
           | and those are mostly anti-features for modern software.
        
         | jamemuraca wrote:
         | I think a great use case is for distributed storage and control
         | of home automation products, with an open protocol on top of
         | it. When I have lock in to one vendor and they go bankrupt,
         | device has lost control but also my historical data. If this
         | was all via a distributed model, I could grant access to a new
         | app/company to take over control. Even if they don't close up,
         | I could still give access to other integration partners to gain
         | see my historical data for some kind of processing.
        
           | UncleMeat wrote:
           | Why do you need a blockchain for this? This just sounds like
           | a shared data format.
        
           | ashtonkem wrote:
           | There is no <explicative deleted> way I'd put my home
           | automation in a public ledger. We have enough problems as a
           | society with cloud enabled security cameras being used as bot
           | nets and to harass people. A permanent ledger of what
           | happened in your home is a mind bogglingly awful idea.
        
           | gregmac wrote:
           | Buy home automation products with local control and no
           | internet communications at all. Ideally with an open
           | protocol, and open source control software.
           | 
           | Same protection against vendor death/depreciation/etc, and on
           | top of that your data is more secure, the system survives
           | internet outages, and you don't have to mess with the immense
           | complexity blockchain adds.
           | 
           | Remote access, if you even need it, can be done through a
           | thousand other methods (direct IP address, tunneling proxy,
           | VPN, etc etc).
        
           | ffggvv wrote:
           | seems like you could just do this with some sort of open
           | source or shared standard that different providers use
        
             | smoll wrote:
             | Yes, but this is where politics comes into play. If you're
             | a Google/Amazon/Samsung/any big player, why would you stick
             | to the open standard when you could just change to a
             | proprietary standard for more lock-in and profit?
             | 
             | With a blockchain-based standard, you could make vendor
             | buy-in permanent and enforceable. The only way that one of
             | the big players could win in this new normal is if the
             | products on their proprietary standard are better (in
             | merit) than the _entire marketplace_ that implements the
             | blockchain standard.
        
               | ffggvv wrote:
               | but why would they agree to that blockchain standard in
               | the first place? it's the same issue
        
               | hakfoo wrote:
               | You could do that with any widely-adopted standard. No
               | blockchain required. Remember that even IBM at their
               | late-1980s juggernaut status couldn't put the genie of
               | the ISA bus back in the bottle.
               | 
               | I think the trick to lasting open standards is to provide
               | only a MVP ecosystem at launch. No one vendor is strong
               | enough to close the platform behind them. Again, like the
               | IBM PC, their product both needed and spawned a galaxy of
               | add-on and compatible products, providing enough of a
               | force to protect the open standard.
        
         | jcfrei wrote:
         | This is the typical argument on a very technical board such as
         | HN where blockchain is synonymous with a specific
         | implementation. But that's an outdated way to think about
         | blockchains. Yes, Bitcoin's implementation is a huge resource
         | hog and slow. But for most newer projects "blockchain" just
         | means an auditable trail of state changes. Whether you
         | implement this with the shiniest newest db paradigm or some
         | simple SQL database is irrelevant for most people in the
         | economy. However the fact that we now have a global consensus
         | over the ownership of digital assets that's something new and
         | valuable. And that consensus didn't exist in a meaningful way
         | in the past; at least not in a way that was accessible to the
         | public - there were always gate keepers involved. In that sense
         | blockchain is not about some fundamental technological
         | revolution, it's about the introduction of digital ownership
         | that's accessible to anyone.
        
           | xirbeosbwo1234 wrote:
           | Then we, as engineers, have failed in explaining things.
           | 
           | A blockchain is a linked list where each element of the list
           | contains the hash of the previous element. It's basically a
           | degenerate Merkle tree. That is _all_ that it is. It isn 't a
           | metaphor. It isn't throwing off the shackles of an
           | overreaching government, nor is it a takeover of our society
           | by militant right-wing conspiracy theorists.
           | 
           | It's a data structure.
        
             | zeroxfe wrote:
             | A Merkle tree is just one component of a blockchain. It
             | also requires: a byzantine consensus mechanism, a p2p
             | network stack, public key crypto, and a set of economic
             | incentives to keep it going.
             | 
             | You can't build a public database on a Merckle tree without
             | being able to agree on what goes into it.
        
               | xirbeosbwo1234 wrote:
               | That is a cryptocurrency. The work coming from the people
               | at Hyperledger, who are also using blockchains, is an
               | ordinary database complete with access controls. It uses
               | the same data structure but without any of the political
               | goals and with many different design decisions.
               | 
               | A blockchain is just a data structure. It isn't even a
               | very interesting one.
               | 
               | In common parlance "blockchain" isn't well-defined: it
               | just refers to something that's, like _anarchy_ , dude,
               | whoa....
        
           | zaphar wrote:
           | If you claim that a blockchain is just an auditable trail of
           | state changes (i.e. a Merkle tree) Then the proponents of
           | blockchain technology chime in on how it's more than just
           | that. It's also a matter of consensus for that technology.
           | And in point of fact the consensus mechanisms of most
           | blockchains are terrible. Highly inefficient, vulnerable to
           | majority attacks for different types. The "idea" of a
           | globally consistent audit trail for digital assets that can
           | survive in an adversarial environment is great. The most
           | popular implementations all seem to be terrible.
        
             | meowkit wrote:
             | Of course its inefficient. Thats the tradeoff.
             | 
             | I guess servers are terrible computers too because you
             | can't carry them in your pocket?
             | 
             | Or phones are terrible computers because they can only stay
             | powered for a day or two?
             | 
             | Blockchain is horribly inefficient in almost every regard.
             | But thats the trade off.
        
               | zaphar wrote:
               | Neither of your examples are tradeoffs. Both my computer
               | and my phone are excellent at their jobs with little in
               | the way of downsides. Bitcoin is bad at it's job with
               | lots of downsides.
               | 
               | It only looks better than the alternatives if you live in
               | a place where the economy is heavily mismanaged. If
               | you're currency is only better than the absolute worst
               | economies in the world don't expect all the people in
               | better economies to look favorably on it. Except perhaps
               | as a way to further exploit those in terrible economies
               | by speculating in that currency and driving high
               | volatility in it's value.
        
               | StavrosK wrote:
               | You keep moving the goalposts between "blockchain the
               | technology" and "Bitcoin the currency". If you want a
               | trustless auditable log, your best option is a
               | blockchain. What's a better alternative?
        
               | zaphar wrote:
               | Actually Bitcoin keeps moving the goalposts. First it's a
               | currency, next it's a trustless auditable log. All I need
               | for trustless is auditability. All I need for
               | auditability is a public Merkle Tree. I fail to see what
               | actual real world value the PoW and associated approaches
               | actually add.
        
               | StavrosK wrote:
               | > You keep moving the goalposts [...] What's a better
               | alternative?
               | 
               | > Actually Bitcoin keeps moving the goalposts.
               | 
               | Okay.
        
               | TomSwirly wrote:
               | If you have a rebuttal, let's see it. Mockery is
               | childish.
        
               | StavrosK wrote:
               | Still waiting for your rebuttal first.
        
               | michaelscott wrote:
               | I think you've misinterpreted what Bitcoin's "job" is.
               | Although the initial impetus was definitely to set up a
               | new type of currency (something I'd agree it fails at) it
               | has long since moved to behaving as a store of value, or
               | a commodity. At this it excels.
               | 
               | The tradeoff GP is referring to is efficiency for
               | security. If you have a distributed, "trustless" network
               | you unfortunately have to trade your efficiency for more
               | security.
        
           | hannob wrote:
           | So Blockchain is a fancy word for something like a Git
           | repository?
        
             | oblio wrote:
             | > Blockchain is a fancy word
             | 
             | Blockchain is a funding key word.
             | 
             | There, fixed that for you.
        
             | ashtonkem wrote:
             | We're now in the phase where the underlying technical term
             | is being diluted down to meaninglessness in order to dodge
             | around the well publicized failures of specific examples.
        
               | jcfrei wrote:
               | I'm absolutely aware of the shortcomings of the currently
               | most popular blockchain technologies. But calling
               | specific implementations (like Bitcoin or Ethereum) a
               | failure when people are paying thousands of dollars each
               | block to use it is pretty bold.
        
               | wizzwizz4 wrote:
               | I don't think something's success or failure hinges on
               | whether rich people like it.
        
               | thedudeabides5 wrote:
               | Well, except for tradable financial assets...which are by
               | their definition beauty contests for rich people's
               | saving/investment dollars.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Success or failure of financial asset is independent of
               | their current price, otherwise Bernie Madoff was
               | providing a valuable financial product in 2007.
               | 
               | It's individual trades that depend on the price because
               | they have finite endpoints. However, assets are owner
               | independent and therefore based on their long term value
               | proposition.
        
               | ashtonkem wrote:
               | > But calling specific implementations (like Bitcoin or
               | Ethereum) a failure when people are paying thousands of
               | dollars each block to use it is pretty bold.
               | 
               | And people were willing to pay hundreds of dollars for
               | plush toys with the appropriate tags preserved in
               | plastic. Bubbles are a thing, and the crowd can be wrong.
               | To pretend otherwise is silly.
               | 
               | More fundamentally, the original promise of Bitcoin was
               | that it would act like a currency. It has failed at this.
               | You can tell because all of the advocates have shifted
               | over from "money of the future" to "it's a store of
               | value"; a subtle admission that it's not actually
               | functioning like a currency.
        
               | meowkit wrote:
               | And there are cryptos like Nano that fulfill this
               | original promise.
               | 
               | Technology evolves over time. Just because its not
               | perfect at the first go, doesn't mean it should go in the
               | trash.
        
               | ashtonkem wrote:
               | > Just because it's not perfect at the first go, doesn't
               | mean it should go in the trash
               | 
               | The converse is also true; just because it's an
               | improvement over past failures doesn't mean that it'll
               | actually work.
               | 
               | My issue with crypto has always been fundamental; I don't
               | think crypto fans really have a good grasp on what
               | motivates the average person, because most crypto fans[0]
               | are ideologues, and like many ideologues they struggle to
               | recognize that not everyone shares their values.
               | Decentralized and trust-less speaks to engineers, but
               | your average person has no idea what that means and
               | doesn't really care either. Plus a lot of the
               | consequences of crypto currency design are absolute anti-
               | features from a consumer perspective; nobody wants to
               | find out that losing their password means that they're
               | broke, or that they can't reverse a fraudulent charge.
               | Your average consumer _wants_ those features, and is
               | willing to give up decentralization, something they
               | didn't value, to get it.
               | 
               | 0 - At least those fans of crypto that want to see it
               | used as currency. As compared to those crypto fans that
               | want to do whatever it takes to make the number go up.
        
               | jakupovic wrote:
               | Is Elon Musk bitcoin fan? How about Mass Mutual? BNYM?
               | Pretty funny the language used, fans, seriously 6th most
               | valued currency in the world is relegated to plush babies
               | status. At least people have stopped with the tulips and
               | that talk. Same talk and yet bitcoin acceptance keeps
               | growing day by day, how do you explain that? Is everyone
               | else wrong?
        
               | ashtonkem wrote:
               | > Is Elon Musk a[sic] Bitcoin fan?
               | 
               | Yes. He also is a Twitter shitposter who got in trouble
               | with the SEC for promising to take Tesla private at $420
               | a share, a number he picked because it was funny, and was
               | also involved in the GME nonsense a few weeks back.
               | 
               | If you're pointing to men like him as serious figures
               | pushing for bitcoin's adoption, then it's time to stop
               | and rethink a lot of things.
               | 
               | > yet Bitcoin acceptance keeps growing say by day, how do
               | you explain that?
               | 
               | Bitcoin _speculation_ grows day by day. People want to
               | get rich (in USD I'll point out) with it. Actual usage of
               | Bitcoin as a currency is not growing.
               | 
               | As always, gimme a call when I can buy a latte and
               | groceries with it. I've seen literally one place with a
               | "we take Bitcoin" sticker, and the receptionist had
               | absolutely no idea why it was there or what it meant.
               | 
               | > Is everyone else wrong?
               | 
               | Why couldn't they be?
        
               | StavrosK wrote:
               | I wish cryptocurrency payment processors supported many
               | more coins, but I understand how they can't support
               | everyone's pet coin. I do wish I could pay for more
               | things with Nano, though, it's amazing how you can pay
               | for things instantly without any fee.
        
             | throwaway9980 wrote:
             | Yes. See the sibling comment about Merkle trees.
        
             | GuB-42 wrote:
             | That's a question I asked myself a few times.
             | 
             | The fundamental part of a blockchain is that each block
             | signs the previous block, making it very difficult to
             | rewrite history. And it is exactly what git does.
             | 
             | We could implement a cryptocurrency on a git repository.
             | Just commit and push 'I am X, here is the proof, send Y
             | gitcoins to Z' whenever you want to do that.
             | 
             | The only thing git is lacking compared to say, bitcoin, is
             | a builtin way to select the "origin" repository. In most
             | git-based projects, there is a global consensus on a
             | central location. In bitcoin, it is automatically selected
             | based on who wasted to most computing power on a pointless
             | cryptography problem.
        
             | jcfrei wrote:
             | No, I see blockchain as a social technology. The current,
             | trusted system for tracking ownership is a state-governed
             | system. The account balances we have, share registers of
             | companies, residential property registries, etc.
             | 
             | Blockchains offer an alternative system (outside of
             | government run systems) to keep track of ownership. Now, in
             | my opinion there's little to gain of replacing those
             | existing systems - they are working just fine. But for a
             | new asset class (notably digital assets) blockchains will
             | work very well.
             | 
             | Again, the important change is the change in social
             | consensus. If you told someone 5 years ago that you hold a
             | certain token on the Ethereum blockchain nobody would have
             | cared. If you today ran a registry of tokens on your github
             | repository nobody would care. But if you hold a token today
             | on the Ethereum blockchain then people are willing to pay
             | for it.
        
           | canoebuilder wrote:
           | > _However the fact that we now have a global consensus over
           | the ownership of digital assets that 's something new and
           | valuable._
           | 
           | It's also completely contrived. Being digital means
           | infinitely replicable, or thereabouts. Do we really need this
           | game of artificial scarcity?
           | 
           | People used to talk about things like property records, but
           | if this realm of artificial scarcity is going to interface
           | with the realm of actual scarcity in the real world, it's
           | still going to need the systems of adjudication that already
           | exist in the real world.
           | 
           | Code is law. But law is not code, otherwise legal disputes
           | would have long since been settled and we wouldn't need
           | systems of courts and various legal avenues to surface new
           | areas of contention and revisit old areas in new light.
           | 
           | If the above wasn't an issue. How do you get past the
           | resource hogginess? These things are currently handling a
           | minuscule portion, if that, of what their proponents propose
           | they take on, and they are already comically massive resource
           | hogs. How can they scale?
        
             | jcfrei wrote:
             | For the record, I don't think code will be law, ie. that
             | blockchains will replace our current system of
             | adjudication. Rather smart contracts will be changed to
             | allow for an interface with the current system, for example
             | via a master key held by the originator of the smart
             | contract.
             | 
             | Regarding your second point: Look into newer projects like
             | Solana, Polkadot or Cardano which are already live and have
             | much better scalability.
        
               | canoebuilder wrote:
               | That's an interesting idea, but in what situations is it
               | superior or preferable to just signing a traditional
               | contract, and taking any disputes to a court?
               | 
               | Cross border maybe, but then what court would you go to?
               | 
               | > Look into newer projects like Solana, Polkadot or
               | Cardano
               | 
               | Are these newer projects more or less built with the same
               | vision? What is their reason for being?
               | 
               | Censorship resistance would be nice, so would laws
               | against private censorship in certain areas. Distributed
               | mechanisms of censorship resistance would be more
               | trustworthy and transparent. But people find information
               | in centralized locations, be it a library, or Twitter,
               | etc.
               | 
               | Is there legit headway towards combining beneficial
               | aspects of distribution with the efficacy of centralized
               | platforms? What are the mechanisms that keep it running
               | and the incentives involved?
        
             | gjvc wrote:
             | > Code is law.
             | 
             | What does this mean?
        
               | canoebuilder wrote:
               | It was something "smart contract" proponents used to say,
               | maybe still do.
               | 
               | When I say code is law, I mean "law" in the physics
               | sense. We can code, print "hello world", and know exactly
               | what the code will do. We can write code up to some
               | threshold of complexity and know exactly what it will do
               | in all cases. Like how given certain information about a
               | physical system we can calculate trajectories or whatnot
               | up to some threshold of complexity.
               | 
               | I was making the point that civil law is a different kind
               | of law from this physics sense of the word.
               | 
               | With more clarity, code is physics law, but civil law is
               | not physics law, i.e. civil law cannot be fully ported to
               | computer code.
               | 
               | Maybe I'm wrong and all civil law could be translated to
               | computer code. Might that make for a better world? Even
               | if possible, there's so much inertia in the system with
               | lawyers and judges wanting to keep their job which is
               | another human complexity that would have to be worked
               | through.
        
           | davidgerard wrote:
           | > But for most newer projects "blockchain" just means an
           | auditable trail of state changes.
           | 
           | you mean, the 1979-model Merkle tree? I concur that in a lot
           | of marketed "blockchains", the closest to a useful bit is the
           | 1979-model Merkle tree.
        
             | jnwatson wrote:
             | Even more trivial, single-leaf Merkle trees is all that is
             | needed.
        
           | lottin wrote:
           | > ownership of digital assets that's something new and
           | valuable
           | 
           | Doubtful, because ownership only makes sense in a context of
           | scarcity whereas digital assets are in infinite supply.
        
             | mikegreenberg wrote:
             | How are blockchain assets, whose scarcity is defined by the
             | protocol and agreed upon by all participating node
             | operators, infinite in supply?
             | 
             | Edit: Arguing in good faith... you could suggest changing
             | the protocol, sure, however you would need follow that
             | particular blockchain's rules for gaining consensus about
             | changing the rules first.
        
               | zaphar wrote:
               | Bitcoin already forked once and magically duplicated the
               | digital assets. I profited quite handsomly as a result.
               | The scarcity is not enforced by the protocol it's
               | enforced by community agreement.
        
               | selestify wrote:
               | How is that different from the USD, the scarcity of which
               | is enforced by the USG?
        
               | lottin wrote:
               | Yes, but it's an artificial scarcity. Like you say, these
               | assets are only scarce because all the participants agree
               | that they're scarce. This is different from physical
               | objects, which are scarce because of the laws of nature.
        
               | mikegreenberg wrote:
               | I'm not sure why that distinction is important. Value is
               | realized in use of a complete product and are not
               | represented by the sum of its parts. (Value is not zero
               | sum. A log and a plank together can arguably provide more
               | value as a slope than the log and the plank can provide
               | value on their own.) Sure, you can decompose the system
               | to remove artificial scarcity, but that's part of the
               | product. The market has manifested it into existence
               | because it is valuable and users trust the protocol
               | sufficiently that it will not be changed from underneath
               | them. And without evidence that the protocol is brittle
               | enough to allow rules to break, that trust in the
               | protocol is more valuable than any human's promise.
        
               | hakfoo wrote:
               | I think the question is less about "can it maintain a
               | (premise of) scarcity" and more "are the scarce tokens
               | worth having?"
               | 
               | There's plenty of things that are scarce but essentially
               | worthless. There's no robust secondary market in Penn
               | Central Railroad timetables, the little plastic caps that
               | SNES cartridges came with, or copies of the May 18, 1986
               | edition of Arizona Republic.
               | 
               | Having a built in utility factor is a very strong way to
               | answer the "is it worth having?" question. It provides a
               | stickiness to the asset, rather than just being a pump-
               | and-dump vehicle.
               | 
               | Gold says "I'm worth having! I can be made into jewelry
               | and really good connectors for premium audio cables."
               | 
               | The paper dollar says "I'm worth having! I can keep the
               | IRS from sending you to jail."
               | 
               | Hell, even MMORPG gold says "I'm worth having, because
               | you can trade me for a Sparkly Unicorn Rainbow Dragon of
               | Death mount."
               | 
               | Different cryptocurrencies are making a wide range of
               | cases, ranging from "I can let you transfer value cheaply
               | and quickly across borders" to "I can let you buy
               | contraband goods without an obvious paper trail." And a
               | lot of these claims are still to be proven or fully
               | realized.
               | 
               | It's entirely possible we're barking up the wrong tree
               | with blockchain. Maybe there's a killer app for it that's
               | not currency, but the current trends seem to be
               | predominantly about it. (It feels like a lot of the
               | supply-chain-tracking and registry-of-ownership hype died
               | down)
        
               | lottin wrote:
               | I have no idea what you're talking about :(
        
       | ezoe wrote:
       | I think price volatility is the only reason it's not working as a
       | normal currency.
       | 
       | Right now, these blockchain currencies are traded just like
       | expensive wine, art or gold bar. It's a speculative money game.
       | We can't use wine or art to buy some food for today. Most people
       | don't even run the full node themselves. They relies on somebody
       | else's node. In good term, they are investing, in other words,
       | they are gambling.
       | 
       | It's just sad seeing a lot of resources and some brains are
       | wasted on these gamble.
       | 
       | How could this be happened? When bitcoin was announced and it's
       | first implementation was actively developed by someone or some
       | group known as Satoshi Nakamoto, it was just a technically
       | interesting non practical piece of attempt. But now... it's just
       | a mess. Had I mined bitcoin in early days, I could be a
       | billionaire. But the same thing can be said on buying the gold
       | bar. It's not that technically interesting.
       | 
       | The first P2P boom invented a lot of practical services. File
       | sharing, web hosting, audio and video streaming, video chat and
       | all. They are all pivoted to central system for efficiency, but
       | some services gained a few years of early head start experience
       | thanks to the P2P. What blockchain achieved so far? Nothing. It
       | just invented another gold bar. Totally useless but some people
       | believes value in it.
       | 
       | I really wish people wake up and spend precious time and
       | resources on something that introduce real value to the world.
       | Blockchain? Wake me up if proof of storage space become
       | practical.
        
         | willbudd wrote:
         | You have obviously no idea what you're talking about. Bitcoin's
         | block mining algorithm is excessively deflationary: it
         | encourages hoarding instead of spending while
         | disproportionately rewarding early adopters. That however has
         | absolutely nothing whatsoever todo with the blockchain
         | algorithm, which was/is truly innovative as a decentralized
         | ledger.
         | 
         | There is nothing preventing cryptocurrencies from utilizing
         | blockchain technology in combination with inflationary currency
         | generating models, and in fact plenty of them do. They are less
         | well known partially because they were later to the game, and
         | partially because they lack the get-rich-quick pump and dump
         | appeal of bitcoin and co.
        
         | hanniabu wrote:
         | It's a new asset class so it's in a huge growth phase. Over
         | time it's volatility is beginning less and less and will
         | continue to do so as the market matures.
        
         | selestify wrote:
         | > The first P2P boom invented a lot of practical services. File
         | sharing, web hosting, audio and video streaming, video chat and
         | all.
         | 
         | Have you looked into all the new developments with Ethereum and
         | defi?
        
         | AngrySkillzz wrote:
         | The other main reason it is not a currency is that it only
         | processes 5 transactions per second and they cost a ridiculous
         | amount of money ($60 at the peak in 2017). Which makes it only
         | usable for large transfers of speculative value, not like,
         | buying your daily coffee. It's not a currency.
        
           | lawn wrote:
           | This is only true for Bitcoin, there are many others without
           | the transaction bottleneck and the ridiculous fees.
        
       | tomglynch wrote:
       | Unrelated to the content, but I found that blog so visually
       | appealing.
        
         | max_ wrote:
         | Author here. Thanks
        
       | hahahahe wrote:
       | There's no accountability in blockchain. Proponents of crypto are
       | unwilling to create a currency with specifications they preach
       | without relinquishing the "wealth" they derived from early alpha
       | versions.
        
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