[HN Gopher] Microbial ecosystems in the mouth and gut are linked...
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       Microbial ecosystems in the mouth and gut are linked to many ills
        
       Author : aluket
       Score  : 297 points
       Date   : 2021-02-12 19:11 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.economist.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.economist.com)
        
       | sizzle wrote:
       | I'm on antibiotics for an infection right now, how badly have I
       | disrupted my microbiome? How will this effect me down the line?
        
         | genewitch wrote:
         | Only some antibiotics will cause issues. If you have to take
         | alternatives to any of the "cillin" family, the medical
         | community at large recommends no more than 2 full treatments
         | within 18 months. Anything more than that can lead to things
         | like C. Diff and may require a fecal transplant or needing to
         | take probiotics that a pharmacy will carry in a refrigerator up
         | on their deck.
         | 
         | I forget what the terminology is, but broad spectrum
         | antibiotics are generally worse for your gut than something
         | targeted, iirc.
        
         | brigandish wrote:
         | You can work to repopulate the gut through diet. Fermented
         | foods like sauerkraut and kimchi, for example, the odd bit of
         | green banana every now and then to reach the intestines as a
         | prebiotic, and avoiding junk food, obviously. There's lots you
         | can do.
         | 
         | I made my first kimchi a couple of months and I've been making
         | sauerkraut for a few years now. Even if they weren't healthy
         | I'd continue, the taste is worth it! (And so much better than
         | what you can buy in the shops)
         | 
         | Most of all, don't let news like this stress you out, let it
         | inspire you to a more fulfilling diet instead. Stress isn't
         | going to help.
        
       | arminiusreturns wrote:
       | I had the pleasure to work with a top geneticist whose domain of
       | specialty was the microbiome, and he continually insisted there
       | are tons of discoveries to be made in the arena (which he and
       | those researchers we sequenced for did often, from dentistry to
       | studies of the monitor lizard to chrons disease, just all over in
       | subjects you might not expect).
       | 
       | Less on topic, I learned how to read scientific papers and filter
       | bullshit ones (even in respectable journals) from good ones under
       | his tutelage, and am forever grateful to the vast array of
       | science and tech I was exposed to while supporting the tech side
       | of a "every major sequencer" sequencing lab.
        
         | domino24 wrote:
         | Who did you work for? I am interested in getting more involved
         | in this exact field and would appreciate any helpful direction
         | :) I am digesting anything I can find on the topic, but I feel
         | it is greatly underappreciated still, as I agree there is MUCH
         | to be discovered.
        
           | arminiusreturns wrote:
           | I updated my profile with an email, please feel free to
           | contact me there for more details.
        
       | pazimzadeh wrote:
       | > Dr Sampson has tested this hypothesis in mice. He bred a strain
       | of E. coli that cannot make Curli and injected mice with it,
       | while injecting others with unmodified bacteria. Those that
       | received Curli-producing bacteria expressed higher levels of
       | synuclein and demonstrated symptoms like involuntary rigidity
       | which, when seen in people, are associated with Parkinson's
       | disease. That is tantalising.
       | 
       | These mice were mono-colonized with E. coli, whereas both mice
       | and humans normally have a diverse gut flora. I colonize mice
       | with E. coli containing curli all the time and the mice do not
       | exhibit any rigidity or symptoms of Parkinson's. So it's
       | interesting but not quite as huge of an effect as you might
       | think, unless your microbial flora is really disrupted. May be
       | relevant if you have an antibiotic resistant strain of E. coli
       | blooming in your intestine following antibiotic treatment/some
       | other disruption of your microbiota.
       | 
       | A gut bacterial amyloid promotes a-synuclein aggregation and
       | motor impairment in mice
       | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7012599/
        
         | boplicity wrote:
         | As someone with IBD, I really wish the hard science about
         | bacteria would start to filter into actual treatments. I know
         | there are possibilities there, and many patients have found
         | avenues of success, but there is so much guesswork involved
         | that it is very frustrating. Hopefully there will be definitive
         | answers in the future. My gastroenterologist, who has quite a
         | lot of training from very good schools, has absolutely nothing
         | useful to say, in terms of the microbiome.
        
           | throw345hn wrote:
           | As someone with IBS, totally agree with you. I wish the
           | research would trickle down into actual treatments. I have
           | started following a lot of research about gut etc but very
           | little of it leads to something that can mass consumed.
           | 
           | I spent thousands of dollars on trying out medications,
           | tests, visiting a number of highly trained doctors etc,
           | nothing came up in tests and at the end almost all doctors
           | threw their hands up and categorized my gut issues as IBS
           | which is just a catchAll term for which there is no specific
           | treatment other than trying out a number of things.
        
             | fodmap wrote:
             | Fellow IBS sufferer here. I understand and share your pain.
             | 
             | There isn't any magic pill yet but until someone invents it
             | I can tell you I've found great comfort following the
             | FODMAP diet.
             | 
             | I've wasted ten horrible years until I discovered that
             | Monash University diet.
             | 
             | Ten years of pain and expending.
             | 
             | Hoping it can help you as well
             | https://www.monashfodmap.com/
        
               | genewitch wrote:
               | For anyone who doesn't feel like viewing a slideshow
               | website, FODMAP stands for "Fermentable Oligosaccharides
               | Disaccharides Monosaccharides And Polyols"
               | 
               | Which is basically Cereals (what make beer) onions,
               | garlic, and beans; Lactose; Fructose; and at least two of
               | the "Sugar Alcohols".
               | 
               | As someone who had their gut biome wrecked by aggressive
               | antibiotics, i was told i will probably have to take
               | probiotics for the rest of my life, but i managed to
               | track down two things that will 100% all the time cause
               | pain - Garlic and Onions. I'm not entirely sure which is
               | worse, but i'd wager garlic. For a long time i assumed it
               | was certain types of oils, too.
               | 
               | Basically if you're adhering to this "Low FODMAP" diet,
               | you're meandering between "slow carb", "atkins", and
               | several other dietary restrictions.
               | 
               | That "fructose" one though, that's a doozy. There are
               | tons of health ramifications to avoiding all of the stuff
               | on the list, so if you suffer from intestinal stuff, it'd
               | probably be best to experiment with each thing on the
               | list (on the site) and see if it causes discomfort, how
               | much, how long, etc.
        
               | fodmap wrote:
               | Anecdotally the onions are way worse for me than garlic,
               | although the latter doesn't do me any favor.
               | 
               | To anyone wanting to learn about FODMAPs, Monash
               | University blog (1) helps to understand this very complex
               | topic.
               | 
               | (1) https://www.monashfodmap.com/blog/
        
               | jodrellblank wrote:
               | (I didn't downvote). For comparison, imagine you signed
               | up with the username "Oracle" and posted "Fellow data
               | storage sufferer here. I understand and share your pain.
               | There isn't any magic pill yet but until someone invents
               | it I can tell you I've found great comfort using the
               | Oracle database" and a link to a "purchase Oracle" page.
               | 
               | You might be a well-meaning person, but you're hard to
               | distinguish from a bot pushing a fad diet with online
               | courses, a for-pay app, a shop, "find a dietician"
               | services, certifications, etc. Preying on offering hope
               | to the sick and desperate is common and people are
               | cynical and wary of it, and even genuine well-meaning
               | people are prone to sharing dubious alternative medicine
               | suggestions which they honestly believe help but aren't
               | proven to do anything more than the placebo effect. If
               | you were a long-standing HN commentor, you'd probably get
               | more benefit of the doubt; signing up as "fodmap" to link
               | to an apparently for-profit fodmap service with an
               | emotional message makes it easy to assume bad faith
               | astroturfing at a glance - focused username, commercial
               | link, fringe/alternative/woo treatment, claims of health
               | cure for incurable condition, SEO style message ("As a
               | fellow sufferer, believe me, I know, I've been there,
               | trust me, just one easy credit card payment").
               | 
               | [I wrote this for your deleted comment;]
        
               | throw345hn wrote:
               | I agree with your overall message but in this case I
               | would like to point out one thing - a lot of fad diets
               | were first adopted by people and then researched to see
               | if they are helpful where as Fodmap has been specifically
               | researched for the gut and only after it has been shown
               | to be helpful, its now being recommended by doctors _.
               | 
               | _ Obviously you should talk to your doctor before
               | adopting the diet. It may not provide all of the
               | nutrients that your body needs and its normally only
               | recommended for 3 to ~6 months. Its may also not work
               | well for some variants of IBS / IBD / other gut issues
               | and may even be a detriment - so talk to your doctor.
               | 
               | Personally its been helpful for me. A lot of people also
               | may not need to do fodmap and instead just do a
               | elimination diet. For example you may not know it but may
               | be suffering from lactose intolerance or gluten
               | intolerance and so on. Probably easier to try that first
               | as well.
        
               | jodrellblank wrote:
               | I don't have an "overall message"; they asked why they
               | were being downvoted for sharing a genuine opinion, and I
               | explained how much the comment looks like an advert. I am
               | already convinced that gut microbiome affects people and
               | diet affects people.
        
               | fodmap wrote:
               | I did remove my question because I understood that it
               | didn't add up anything interesting to the discussion.
               | 
               | Thank you for answering anyway. Your comment helps me to
               | see why my post could be seen as not well intentioned.
        
               | throw345hn wrote:
               | Thanks, yes I have been following fodmap for years now
               | and reduced my gluten intake as well and that has helped
               | a bit. Although its only recommended for 3 to 6 months.
               | 
               | I have also slowly been introducing foods I have been
               | avoiding back and so far I have been able to tolerate
               | them well
        
               | fodmap wrote:
               | Yes, the key is to try to have the less restrictive diet
               | without the food that triggers your symptoms.
               | 
               | About gluten, in my case I found out that it wasn't the
               | problem but fructans.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | mountain_peak wrote:
               | Was diagnosed with IBS just after university, then
               | (similarly) spent 10 years suffering and experimenting
               | when I ended up switching to an ultra-low carb diet for
               | unrelated reasons. Within weeks, I started to feel better
               | and for the next 12 years felt great - so much so, that
               | my family (wanting me to enjoy something sweet) started
               | buying me "Keto-friendly" bars with < 2g of net carbs,
               | but also with erythritol. That was a mistake, as within
               | weeks of enjoying the bars, I was back to dealing with
               | IBS. I'm six weeks into trying to undo the 'damage', and
               | starting to feel a bit better, but I'd definitely advise
               | people who have IBS to always be cautious with trigger
               | foods - certainly the ones that personally cause them
               | issues, but also others on the list.
        
               | graeme wrote:
               | Low fodmap was of enormous help to me too. For years I
               | thought I had gluten issues, as most bread caused me
               | trouble.
               | 
               | Turns out every wheat product with the exception of
               | sourdough wheat bread is high fodmap! I tried low fodmap
               | and nearly instantly got a lot better. And I can now eat
               | some fodmaps by reintroducing in lower amounts.
               | 
               | Highly recommend anyone with ibs try this. It is
               | complicated but you can get free or cheap apps that let
               | you search ingredients fast to figure out what to remove.
               | 
               | And the great part is the intolerance is quantity based.
               | So, celery in a recipe? No problem. Just don't eat a
               | massive amount of it. Very much unlike any kind of hard
               | avoidance plan.
               | 
               | This won't solve all issues but give it an honest shot.
               | Mine has moved from seriously debilitating to minor
               | inconvenience.
        
               | fodmap wrote:
               | Exactly, that have been my personal experience too.
               | 
               | Identifying the triggers, and keeping an eye on quantity
               | are the keys for me. It isn't an easy process but it
               | makes a world of difference as you say.
        
             | mancerayder wrote:
             | I have IBS symptoms basically fully in times of stress,
             | days on end, otherwise things are fairly normal. I wonder
             | if either my understanding of IBS is false, or it's not
             | biome related for me.
        
               | throw345hn wrote:
               | I suffer from IBS as well and out of all the things that
               | flares up my IBS, stress is a prominent one. Reading
               | research papers, its been seen that gut biome changes
               | based on stress - look up gut-brain connection, theres
               | been a few books written about it as well.
               | 
               | Its a fairly new thing - from about 15 years back.
               | Nowadays one of the treatments that a gastroenterologist
               | could recommend if they have exhausted everything else is
               | low dose anti-depressant.
               | 
               | Key is to identify what is causing stress and treat that
        
               | fodmap wrote:
               | I agree. For me, relaxing breathing techniques help me
               | when having an stress episode.
        
           | graeme wrote:
           | Check out hyperbiotics. They had a submission here a while
           | back, and have both probiotic and prebiotic products. They
           | were started by microbiome researchers.
           | 
           | Also I've heard promising things about fecal transplants for
           | biome restoration.
        
           | nextos wrote:
           | It's starting to filter into actual treatments. I've been
           | doing research in the field of host-microbiome interactions
           | for the last 8-10 years. And in the last couple of years,
           | it's gone from a fringe to a mainstream topic.
           | 
           | I know a few places in Europe where they are already doing
           | fecal microbiome transplants on a daily basis. For example,
           | Quadram Institute & NHS Norwich. They have had some adverse
           | events, so it's not totally safe, but I think the benefits
           | already outweigh the risks if it's having a significant
           | impact on your quality of life.
           | 
           | New research avenues include, for example, doing a phage-only
           | transplant. And obvious things like matching donors by HLA
           | haplotypes. Both should improve safety.
           | 
           | Still, I understand progress is too slow for patients. Most
           | research institutions are pretty bad at polishing,
           | industrializing and translating basic theories into clinical
           | benefits. They just like to churn out small papers. I have
           | sometimes considered to spin off as a non-profit maybe to
           | speed things up.
           | 
           | Theories are beginning to be understood quite well. It's
           | mostly about cross-reactive bacterial epitopes and self
           | antigens [1]. Plus metabolites. A very complex network, but
           | some epitopes are central. For example, Ro60 in Lupus or
           | insulin in T1D and their corresponding bacterial mimics. With
           | sufficient data, we could easily throw in a personalized
           | cocktail of phages that could halt many autoimmune disorders
           | and tumors with high probability. That's the vision for the
           | next 10 years, I think.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.nature.com/articles/s41579-020-0367-2
        
       | newobj wrote:
       | Excited for more research in gut health.
       | 
       | I know HN hates to entertain any lay science, but I wonder if
       | scraping my tongue, as I do with a copper scraper, is good or bad
       | for your oral biome?
        
         | basicplus2 wrote:
         | I found that my bad breath was the result of eating highly
         | processed food and wheat based products, once i stopped eating
         | these, my bad breath vanished.
         | 
         | No tongue scraping or brushing required.
        
         | newobj wrote:
         | FWIW, the reason I use a copper scraper is simply that copper,
         | as I understand it, has antimicrobial properties, and
         | consequently I would be able to get by with a less thorough
         | cleaning of the scraper than something plastic or wood that's
         | not single-use. I basically rinse it under heavy water and give
         | it a rub with my thumb.
         | 
         | My wife and I can both objectively report that bad breath has
         | gone WAY down with the scraper. There's almost no morning
         | breath now, as a matter of fact, with a scrape before bed.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | abledon wrote:
         | in the morning, even scraping with your hand is good since
         | you're removing the dead stuff thats accumulated on your tongue
         | during sleep. eating this stuff has no nutritional value and is
         | considered a 'toxin' in yogic traditions.
         | 
         | lot of those online sites are just trying to 'sell something'
         | to make a living so they mandate you 'need' a metallic scraper.
        
         | StavrosK wrote:
         | Probably!
        
           | recuter wrote:
           | Indubitably!
        
         | eth0up wrote:
         | Below is an interesting bit of research which gets quite close
         | to tackling your curiosity, or at least stimulating it. It
         | specifically concerns oral hygiene and blood pressure, with a
         | focus on nitric oxide. Tongue scraping seems beneficial, though
         | there's no mention of copper. However, chlorhexidine (mouthwash
         | ingredient) seems a disruptor of NO and may contribute to
         | higher BP. I need to read the article myself, but a brief skim
         | left a big impression.
         | 
         | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7589924/
         | 
         | Or
         | 
         | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6406172/
         | 
         | Edit: I deleted and reposted this comment because I found the
         | article was abridged and might not be the one I remember. I
         | think I've got it right this time, but if not, follow the "full
         | text links". Should be interesting either way.
        
         | sherr wrote:
         | Dentists (ones I have) usually recommend brushing your tongue
         | as part of your tooth brushing routine. This helps prevent bad
         | breath I think, which is correlated with oral hygiene.
        
       | perlgeek wrote:
       | Several people I know have some seemingly disjoint food
       | allergies, some of the attributed to lack of certain enzymes,
       | some without any explanations.
       | 
       | I'm wondering if some of the effects could be mitigated with
       | sufficiently smart microbiome engineering.
        
       | satya71 wrote:
       | The evidence is weak to non-existent. I wish popular magazines
       | would stop publishing these non-sense stories. At least they went
       | with "linked" which is clearly saying correlation (which is not
       | causation).
        
       | DNied wrote:
       | PAYWALLED
        
       | dukeofdoom wrote:
       | A while back I read that people with root canal are far more
       | likely to get cancer. The reasoning being that the empty root
       | canal provides a pathway for bacteria/viruses to enter into the
       | body. Causing chronic infections. Which leads to cancer.
        
       | echelon wrote:
       | As a layman, this is so exciting! It feels as though we may be
       | getting closer to finding a cause for a diverse set of
       | neurodegenerative disorders. Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, etc.
       | 
       | Gut and oral microbiota having influence across the blood-brain
       | barrier seems so plausible. If they get into the nervous system
       | and migrate, they could cause inflammation in the brain leading
       | to damage over time.
       | 
       | The immune system is incredible, and we'll no doubt find it a
       | fertile ground for progress against a lot of diseases.
        
         | wyldfire wrote:
         | Do we know whether these microbes are cause or effect? On the
         | bright side I'd say even if they're [only] an effect of those
         | illnesses, we'd have an excellent opportunity for earlier
         | diagnosis.
        
       | dannygrannick wrote:
       | Hi everyone! We're planning to submit our formal launch on Hacker
       | News in a few weeks, but given this post and all of the
       | discussion around it I thought I would share a quick background
       | now!
       | 
       | Bristle (bristlehealth.com) is leveraging the oral microbiome to
       | pioneer oral health testing and care. We use metagenomic
       | sequencing to analyze the oral microbiome from a saliva sample -
       | looking at fungi, bacteria, and viruses - delivering evidence-
       | based insights around oral health.
       | 
       | We are offering an early access program
       | (https://www.bristlehealth.com/pages/early-access) providing oral
       | microbiome testing and consumer research reports, with
       | literature-backed insights accessed through an interactive web
       | app. We're charging users $50 and will only bill you when we ship
       | your kit.
       | 
       | If you're interested in learning more about your oral microbiome,
       | please sign up! We literally launched yesterday and have gotten
       | tons of interest based on exactly what's being discussed here.
       | We're letting participants into the program in batches but will
       | be turning kits around rapidly.
       | 
       | If anyone wants to chat more feel free to reach out to
       | info@bristlehealth.com. As I said, we will have a dedicated HN
       | launch with lots more information in the coming weeks, but wanted
       | to share given the interest and that we have this ready to go.
        
         | hammock wrote:
         | I see the ANALYSIS you provide does not use my DNA but I'm
         | unclear- are you collecting my DNA? Are you saving it or
         | storing it, in any form, in either physical or digital form?
         | What assurances do I have that any of the labs or other
         | partners you use won't do this either?
        
           | webmobdev wrote:
           | From another reply -                 We also will NOT be
           | selling or using any of your personal genetic data without
           | consent.
           | 
           | "Genetic data" seems to imply that they do look up your DNA
           | too.
        
             | aritmo wrote:
             | Genetic data is EUREUREUR.
        
             | david_l_lin wrote:
             | See Esyir's response. In short, we do NOT look up your DNA,
             | and only look into microbial DNA. In fact, we do a host
             | depletion step to enrich for microbial DNA prior to
             | sequencing, then a following host depletion step prior to
             | microbial mapping. Sequencing will inevitably pick up some
             | signal from the host genome, but at such low levels, we
             | cannot derive meaningful signal from the host DNA.
             | 
             | TLDR, we do NOT use host genetic data, but cannot guarantee
             | that none of that data will be stored somewhere in this
             | analysis
        
           | esyir wrote:
           | There's no way to get the oral/gun microbiome using shotgun
           | sequencing without also picking up human data along the way.
           | The raw sequence files will contain reads mapping to the
           | human genome, but those are often filtered out in subsequent
           | steps of the data processing.
        
           | david_l_lin wrote:
           | Bristle CSO here. To elaborate on Esyir's reply, through
           | saliva collection, we inevitably will have your DNA in the
           | sample. However, our analysis selectively removes host DNA
           | from the sample, enabling targeted sequencing of the oral
           | microbiome. During the processing of the sample, we may
           | capture some signal from the host genome. Our sequencing,
           | however, captures such a low level of the host genome that we
           | cannot derive any meaningful signal from host genetic data,
           | and actually selectively remove that signal from the analysis
           | to enrich for microbial signals.
           | 
           | We keep your saliva sample and its molecular derivatives in
           | physical form completely DEIDENTIFIED such that it cannot be
           | mapped back to YOU without an encrypted key.
           | 
           | TLDR, we do NOT use host genetic data, but cannot guarantee
           | that none of that data will be stored somewhere in this
           | analysis. We do not share any identifiable data with anyone.
           | We do not analyze host genetic data.
        
             | hammock wrote:
             | Thanks to y'all for the elaboration
        
             | consp wrote:
             | I know it is not good HN policy to doubt your intentions
             | but by emphasizing the NOT's, DEIDENTIFIED and YOU, you
             | make me highly suspicious. Anonymization of data is
             | difficult at best and sometimes nearly impossible so I
             | would advise to publish the entire protocol if you want to
             | give people assurances. The encryption key, as already
             | stated, is pointless without an explanation how you use it
             | and why it is employed and is otherwise just smoke and
             | mirrors and no real security.
        
               | david_l_lin wrote:
               | I completely understand your hesitation around the
               | anonymization of data, and will have more detail around
               | how your data will be anonymizes and used on our website
               | shortly.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | _tom_ wrote:
             | Who has the encrypted key?
             | 
             | The statement is meaningless if you have the key.
        
               | 867-5309 wrote:
               | but sharing the key would be sharing (access to) the DNA
        
             | koheripbal wrote:
             | Will you be using samples to identify NEW microbiome
             | bacteria? Or are you only identifying KNOWN bacteria?
        
               | david_l_lin wrote:
               | This is a great question! In short, there is a network
               | effect with our platform. Each sample we sequence
               | contributes to a database of novel bacteria, viruses, and
               | fungi that we can use to discover new microbes.
        
             | labawi wrote:
             | Could we have an option of not storing biological materials
             | after processing?
             | 
             | Assuming you don't store (notable) digital host data, it
             | seems much safer, in case policy / ownership were to
             | change, a breach happened and/or someone was compelled to
             | produce samples/data.
        
               | david_l_lin wrote:
               | Absolutely, you may request that your physical sample be
               | destroyed after receiving your results. At present, we
               | biobank samples in the event that the sample needs to be
               | re-run.
               | 
               | Please send us an email at info@bristlehealth.com and we
               | can ensure your physical sample is destroyed post-
               | sequencing.
        
         | trash3 wrote:
         | Is there a need to account for circadian rhythms in sampling,
         | do you ask your customers to swab at noon or before bed, or do
         | you just include this info in model training/prediction?
        
           | david_l_lin wrote:
           | At the moment, we don't account for circadian rhythms. As we
           | explore some of the insights to the oral microbiome, that's
           | definitely one of the avenues we'd love to dig into. We do
           | ask customers to fill out a relatively detailed health
           | survey, so that we can explore associations between the oral
           | microbiome in health and disease.
        
             | mariushn wrote:
             | > We do ask customers to fill out a relatively detailed
             | health survey, so that we can explore associations between
             | the oral microbiome in health and disease.
             | 
             | So, you're learning from customers these associations, and
             | after a significant number of customers you could offer
             | statistical associations to future customers?
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | 29athrowaway wrote:
         | Is this testing service HIPAA compliant? Will you sell my data
         | like 23andme does?
        
           | dannygrannick wrote:
           | Yes and no!
        
         | WoodenChair wrote:
         | I signed up. $50 to be a guinea pig... Well it will get me to
         | follow where you go, which I think is interesting. Ideally this
         | would already be tested in a clinical trial, so you wouldn't
         | need customers to pay to be your guinea pigs, but it's a low
         | enough sum that I'm willing to do it for the entertainment and
         | educational value to myself.
         | 
         | By the way, I was looking for an About page to see the team and
         | couldn't find one (maybe I missed it). I found your link to
         | LinkedIn and saw one of the founders went to the same college
         | as me. That's cool, but I think you should have a "Team" page
         | to give customers confidence. Unless none of you are medical
         | researchers/biologists/doctors/etc. In that case it may
         | actually detract... But surely you at least have some on your
         | advisory board?
         | 
         | Good luck and I look forward to trying out the product. I
         | assume part of this might be to eventually sell my microbiome's
         | genetic data, which I'm okay with. You didn't mention on the
         | website (at least I didn't see it) whether the kit also
         | collects cheek cells and such to get my more generalized
         | genetic data. If that's the case, I may just consider it a $50
         | loss and not participate.
        
           | david_l_lin wrote:
           | Thank you for participating! Co-founder and CSO here. Thanks
           | for the feedback regarding the website, we're in the process
           | of updating the page to improve its layout.
           | 
           | We absolutely will not be selling your microbiome data
           | without your consent, and it's something the team and I are
           | quite adamant about. We also will NOT be selling or using any
           | of your personal genetic data without consent. Any analysis
           | and discovery will be on completely de-identified data, and
           | will go toward our goal of improving health care.
           | 
           | Thank you for supporting us, and we hope that the insights we
           | provide in the early access may be valuable to you!
        
             | greyface- wrote:
             | > We absolutely will not be selling your microbiome data
             | without your consent, and it's something the team and I are
             | quite adamant about.
             | 
             | Are we relying on your word on this? I have had startups
             | change their mind on me on these sorts of things in the
             | past. I would want some sort of assurance that my data
             | remains private even if you change your mind and wish to
             | make it non-private.
        
               | rapjr9 wrote:
               | What happens if the company goes bankrupt and someone
               | else buys the IP including the data? Can they do whatever
               | they want with the data? Without some enforceable legal
               | restrictions here the data seems to be at risk.
        
               | dannygrannick wrote:
               | We follow all HIPAA requirements and de-identify our data
               | accordingly. That said, as a company we are committed to
               | patient privacy and I'm interested in hearing about the
               | experiences you've had in the past with companies
               | changing their minds. If you're open to it, email us at
               | info@bristlehealth.com and I'll follow up with you to
               | discuss!
        
             | dannygrannick wrote:
             | Regarding the "about" page - our website is brand new and
             | we're building out more information to coincide with
             | announcements over the coming weeks. One of those is around
             | our advisory board and another is relevant to your comment
             | on clinical trials. Our team has backgrounds in genomics on
             | both the research and commercial side! I worked at Illumina
             | and ONT myself - other co-founders come from companies
             | including Genentech, Twist, etc.
        
             | 29athrowaway wrote:
             | Is customer data protected by HIPAA?
        
               | dannygrannick wrote:
               | Yes! We are 100% HIPAA compliant
        
               | astura wrote:
               | You didn't answer the question asked, you answered a
               | different question.
               | 
               | The question that was asked was if the customer data you
               | collect is "protected by HIPAA," not if you choose to be
               | "HIPAA compliment."
               | 
               | In other words - does the law (HIPAA) _require_ you to
               | handle customer data a certain way? Are you a  "covered
               | entity" under HIPAA?
               | 
               | I don't know much about your business, but I'm going to
               | presume you are NOT a covered entry and HIPAA does NOT
               | apply. I'm going to presume that because HIPAA is not a
               | generic medical privacy law (even though people think it
               | is), it applies to only "covered entities," which are -
               | "Health Care Providers[1]", "Health Plans", and "Health
               | Care Clearinghouses." You don't appear to be any of
               | those, nobody claims to be providing any medical
               | services, and you even provide a disclaimer that you are
               | not providing medical services. - aka "just for funsies."
               | 
               | A useful rule of thumb is the "I" in HIPAA stands for
               | insurance - if insurance is NOT involved HIPAA probably
               | doesn't apply.
               | 
               | So I think your statement "Yes, we are 100% HIPAA
               | compliment" was intentionally misleading.
               | 
               | [1] but only if they transmit information electronically
               | in connection with a transaction for which HHS has
               | adopted a standard
        
               | Cro_on wrote:
               | Unless the question was answered in the first sentence
               | ('Yes!' being one of the few single word sentences
               | possible in English). In this perspective, the second
               | sentence gives extra information instead of
               | 'intentionally misleading'.
        
               | astura wrote:
               | Then they need to provide additional information as to
               | why they are considered a "covered entity" under HIPAA,
               | because it is NOT obvious from their website why HIPPA
               | would apply and the answer I was replying to appeared to
               | be very mealy-mouthed based on the information given.
               | 
               | If they have additional information they'd like to share,
               | I'd very much like to hear it.
        
               | astura wrote:
               | I'm looking forward to replies from dannygrannick and
               | david_l_lin if they are a "covered entity" under HIPAA,
               | because that was the question asked, and hasn't been
               | answered yet.
        
         | devlopr wrote:
         | Why the focus on oral? Ubiome had a great product that worked
         | on fecal sample to determine what bacteria's are present in the
         | intestines.
         | 
         | Do you see your company expanding into that area?
        
           | david_l_lin wrote:
           | Our core technology is based around the oral microbiome for a
           | number of key reasons.
           | 
           | 1. decades of research have shown causal relationships
           | between the oral microbiome and preventable gum disease. 2.
           | the oral microbiome is much lower in diversity than the fecal
           | microbiome, granting the opportunity for the development of
           | relatively low-cost diagnostics that leverage the microbiome.
           | 3. new and exciting studies have shown correlations between
           | the oral microbiome and a number of systemic health
           | indications, which we hope to continue to uncover with our
           | platform.
           | 
           | If you're interested in learning more, please drop your email
           | at the bottom of our home page at bristlehealth.com to
           | receive our newsletter!
        
             | dannygrannick wrote:
             | Beautifully said! Also feel free to reach out to
             | info@bristlehealth.com with any specific questions - we'll
             | get back to you.
        
         | robbyt wrote:
         | Classic startup idea validation one-pager. I'm sure you'll get
         | at least a few people signing up, but I don't think this is a
         | good measure if people are really interested. Final price, look
         | of the product, and the ability to market b2c matter much more.
         | 
         | 23's success is more based on the execution of their product
         | and marketing. They already have proven for you, there are
         | customers in this space. Now you just need to build something
         | great.
        
           | dannygrannick wrote:
           | Thanks! We're continuing to develop and iterate the final
           | product, and we hope that this program will provide some
           | early user feedback. Current and new users will have their
           | reports updated as we make changes and add new features.
        
         | markdown wrote:
         | Nothing about the mouth biome on HN, ever... and then a day
         | before your launch, this article appears?
         | 
         | I feel like I'm being played.
        
           | nmfisher wrote:
           | The Economist is always published on Saturday, and is
           | regularly linked on HN.
           | 
           | I think more likely they timed their launch to coincide with
           | the Economist article and then someone unrelated just
           | happened to link the article just before their intended date.
        
             | dannygrannick wrote:
             | Would love to say we thought this far ahead but this was a
             | total coincidence through a text from a friend who is avid
             | on HN
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | explore wrote:
           | 1573 results: https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&pr
           | efix=false&qu...
        
           | david_l_lin wrote:
           | If only we were that clever
        
         | lux wrote:
         | US only or will you ship to other places too (in Canada
         | myself)?
        
           | david_l_lin wrote:
           | I'm 90% sure we can do CAN. Sign up for early access through
           | our website: bristlehealth.com, and we'll reach out when your
           | kit is ready!
        
             | kuxv wrote:
             | What about Europe?
        
               | david_l_lin wrote:
               | I can't make any immediate guarantees around sending our
               | kit to Europe. However, we do not collect payment until
               | after we ship the kit, so please sign up on our early
               | access page to hold a spot in line. If/when we reach
               | critical mass we may be able to onboard customers in
               | Europe.
        
               | dannygrannick wrote:
               | Ditto to David and we expect to have info on this in the
               | next few days
        
           | dannygrannick wrote:
           | Hi everyone - looking into shipping capabilities. CA should
           | be doable but will have to look into Europe further and will
           | follow up tomorrow! We really appreciate the widespread
           | interest!
        
         | PixelPaul wrote:
         | There is no country field and no mention of country
         | limitations. Can I signup from Australian?
        
           | david_l_lin wrote:
           | Apologies for the lack of clarity! I can't make any immediate
           | guarantees around sending our kit to Australia. However, we
           | do not collect payment until after we ship the kit, so please
           | sign up on our early access page to hold a spot in line.
           | If/when we reach critical mass we may be able to onboard
           | customers from Australia.
        
         | cnmp wrote:
         | Ah, that explains the microbio* submarines in the past 3 years.
        
       | bsanr2 wrote:
       | Adding to the anecdotes:
       | 
       | Around summer 2014, I began to focus very heavily on "bulking"
       | for strength training. This was about a year after I'd developed
       | very obvious symptoms of lactose intolerance and had had to cut
       | uncultured dairy out of my diet. My meals were not diverse: fruit
       | and Greek yogurt in the morning; chicken cooked in Indian sauces,
       | roasted potatoes, and some green (usually broccoli or spinach)
       | for lunch and dinner, along with protein shakes and a pre-workout
       | carb load (such as PB+J). Drinks were water, orange juice, and
       | kefir.
       | 
       | That winter, my health collapsed. I started developing skin
       | abscesses, and the antibiotics I received for a particularly bad
       | episode caused me to develop a C diff infection. I had to
       | severely limit my food intake, as too much or certain kinds would
       | cause me to develop cramps, listlessness, and diarrhea, and lost
       | about 40 pounds in 3 months. My body could not hold onto food
       | long enough to process it correctly and I developed symptoms of
       | incomplete digestion, and especially of fat indigestion (symptoms
       | improved with anti-diarrheals).
       | 
       | The next 3 years were a long battle to try to get back to normal.
       | Store-bought probiotics didn't help; digestive enzymes did.
       | Things didn't improve noticeably until after I began eating
       | homemade sauerkraut, and especially after I began taking enzymes
       | on an empty stomach (I was told that this might help to break
       | down some structure that might harbor unhelpful bacteria).
       | 
       | Eventually, I was able to return to most foods without issue,
       | until last year, when a prediabetes scare prompted to try a
       | ketogenic diet (this also seemed to solve a lingering issue, of
       | multiple daily and urgent movements).
       | 
       | All this to say... I don't really know what's going on. I've
       | found some things that seem to work, but I could only guess at
       | why, based on the timing of my downturns and upturns and of my
       | interventions.
       | 
       | I've spent literal days over this period trying to understand why
       | my body is acting and reacting the way that it does, and
       | following the (often slapdash) advice of people who target the
       | microbiome as the source of ill or good health has sadly seemed
       | to be the most efficacious route. However, I'm still not able to
       | achieve the level of well-being I'd like to, and I attribute that
       | largely to the dearth of hard facts available relating to diet
       | and the human microbiome. Over the course of this journey, I've
       | seen more and more professionals begin to take the issue
       | seriously, but not nearly the level or quality of research we'd
       | hope to see with such a fundamental topic. Here's to seeing that
       | corrected before I have to punch whatever card this adulthood of
       | gut trouble has been leading to.
        
       | neonate wrote:
       | https://archive.is/qaOG1
        
       | inamberclad wrote:
       | Seems like a good plug for a startup I used to work for. I'm no
       | longer associated with them aside from my personal friendships
       | but they're creating a pretty cool oral health product:
       | https://freshhealth.com/
        
       | happyconcepts wrote:
       | Someone please enlighten me as to why in 2021 DOCTORS and
       | DENTISTS are still completely separate in the healthcare system?
       | 
       | Danny I sincerely hope your team's efforts will accelerate the
       | bridging of this divide.
        
         | CTOSian wrote:
         | so they can milk people's PS$EUR
        
         | zaptrem wrote:
         | Insurance companies pushing a narrative to avoid paying for it?
         | Complete guess.
        
         | danparsonson wrote:
         | Where I come from, you'll find orthodontists in hospitals along
         | with all the other doctors. If you're referring to the dentists
         | whose job is to clean you up regularly and tell you to floss
         | more often, I guess they're a distinct profession from GPs
         | because that part of the body benefits from regular specific
         | maintenance by a trained professional, but they're still
         | doctors.
        
           | happyconcepts wrote:
           | Here in the US they offer health insurance and dental
           | insurance as two completely separate programs. They are
           | separated enough that it strikes me as remarkable.
        
       | andrewzah wrote:
       | This is something that I've been thinking about lately.
       | 
       | Last ~May, I spontaneously developed rashes exactly in the middle
       | of the back of my hands at the same time. This lead to skin
       | sensitivity and ultimately skin rashes across my body.
       | 
       | At this point I've visited my dermatologist what, 20 times? In
       | addition to my general physician, bloodwork, etc. Biopsies and
       | bloodwork and other tests don't show anything abnormal, asides
       | from excessively high IgE - 600 and now about 1,000. I recently
       | started on Dupixent but it's too early to tell if it's helping or
       | not.
       | 
       | There doesn't seem to be any clear indicator, so I'm wondering if
       | I ate something + stress, which affected my gut microbiome. My
       | family has no history of this sort of issue and it seriously
       | started about overnight.
        
         | clumsysmurf wrote:
         | I'm going through something similar, but I haven't visited a
         | doctor ... yet. But its getting out of control. I was reading
         | that itching from eczema drives people to suicide, just like
         | dry eyes ... things one would only assume as minor discomforts,
         | until you realize you can't sleep any more, causing a downward
         | spiral.
         | 
         | Just recently, I found this in medicalXpress
         | https://medicalxpress.com/news/2021-01-acute-eczema-patients...
         | 
         | Which you may want to check out because of IgE. It goes into
         | how typical antihistamines don't work because the itch signal
         | is from a different pathway, etc.
         | 
         | Also this week I found out about this book
         | https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/588965/clean-by-jam...
         | 
         | from this article
         | 
         | https://melmagazine.com/en-us/story/what-happens-if-you-stop...
         | 
         | "James Hamblin, physician, staff writer for The Atlantic and
         | author of Clean: The New Science of Skin; and Jack Gilbert, a
         | renowned microbial ecology professor at the University of
         | California, San Diego and co-author of Dirt Is Good: The
         | Advantage of Germs for Your Child's Developing Immune System."
         | 
         | One of them recommends using soap only for "pits and bits" :)
         | But as runners both, thats hard to do when covered in sweat and
         | salt.
        
           | JackMorgan wrote:
           | I'm a daily runner/rucker who gets completely covered in
           | sweat and grime every day, I've had success only wiping
           | myself off with my hands in the shower followed by washing my
           | hands. Unless I've specifically gotten muddy or poopy, I
           | don't think there's much benefit to soaping up the whole body
           | all the time.
           | 
           | I also stopped using shampoo years ago, and a daily rinse
           | keeps it fairly clean. When I can't shower for several days,
           | like hiking, I do use soap everywhere, because I'm dirty
           | enough that a rinse isn't sufficient.
        
         | rusabd wrote:
         | Are you losing weight? I had some rash appeared spontaneously
         | after start losing weight and it took almost a year to clear
         | out
        
           | andrewzah wrote:
           | Yes, actually. In that period I was doing intermittent
           | fasting in addition to running 5k daily. I started at
           | ~210/215 lbs and dropped down to around ~190 or so. Once I
           | started taking meds and winter hit I stopped running so I'm
           | back to around 210.
        
             | rusabd wrote:
             | My only theory is bro science tier idea that fat accumulate
             | some toxins and then it released during weight loss.
        
               | joshspankit wrote:
               | Anecdotal evidence says this is a valid theory. I
               | personally caused a shingles infection when I was
               | breaking up intramuscular tissues with a lacrosse ball.
               | As well, most massage therapists will have stories about
               | "toxins coming to the surface" for clients after being
               | worked on (especially in first-time clients) (Source:
               | I've talked to about a dozen massage therapists about
               | this).
        
               | bmm6o wrote:
               | They may say that, but it's unsupported by science. The
               | red flag is that nobody says anything more specific than
               | "toxin".
        
               | joshspankit wrote:
               | Personally I feel that "toxin" is appropriate language in
               | the massage industry: the actual individual effects can
               | be widely varied, clients understand it, and it prepares
               | them for potential symptoms without planting any negative
               | biases that would affect their actual experience through
               | placebo effect.
        
         | tnayrb wrote:
         | I'm no expert, but something similar happened to me a few years
         | back. The conclusion was an allergic reaction to the sun...
        
           | andrewzah wrote:
           | Did it go away on its own?
        
             | aedocw wrote:
             | I can't confirm today because it's very overcast, but as of
             | a few days ago the sun had still not gone away.
        
               | andrewzah wrote:
               | I know you're joking, but this is a horrible condition.
               | While researching I've seen some anecdotal stories about
               | the condition just... clearing up after a while for some
               | people, so hence my question.
        
               | joshspankit wrote:
               | I'm suspicious that your reply may also have a joke
               | embedded in it...
        
               | joshspankit wrote:
               | Addendum: the downvote is totally fair
        
         | nerdponx wrote:
         | There's almost never harm in trying an elimination diet. Cycle
         | out one major food at a time (eg wheat, eggs, milk, meat,
         | nightshades, seafood), for a couple weeks at a time.
         | 
         | Maybe start gradually introducing fermented "live" foods as a
         | matter of routine.
         | 
         | Worst that happens is you eat more veggies and try out a
         | different diet. And if you find something that helps, all the
         | better.
         | 
         | It's pretty well known now that skin conditions can be related
         | to gut conditions.
        
           | andrewzah wrote:
           | So I have done this for major things like coffee, milk,
           | wheat. For about a week or so at a time. I guess I can try
           | each again for 2+ weeks... However I'm not convinced the
           | current issue (itching) is related. The symptoms only really
           | present themself at night when going to bed, as I guess I
           | have no other stimuli to focus on. During the day it's
           | basically not an issue.
           | 
           | I plan on trying longer fasts (3days, 5days), maybe 7days as
           | well.
        
             | DoreenMichele wrote:
             | Just a couple of random thoughts:
             | 
             | A food and symptom journal can be helpful for trying to
             | connect the dots.
             | 
             | High IgE levels can be due to parasitic infections and
             | these have something of a tendency to go underdiagnosed in
             | the US because they get seen as "third world problems."
        
             | ews wrote:
             | This could be ringworm. Have you see any particular
             | patterns on your spots ?
        
             | nerdponx wrote:
             | On the flip side of what I posted, if it _doesn 't_ help
             | then go enjoy your damn food. But good luck figuring it out
             | all the same.
        
             | joshspankit wrote:
             | There are a whole host of possible insensitivities (many
             | people are surprised by nightshades for example: potatoes,
             | tomatoes, bell peppers, eggplant. They all share a plant
             | family). Pay attention also to any products you're directly
             | applying to your skin as there might be ingredients in
             | there that are being absorbed.
        
             | spdionis wrote:
             | I've had similar problems and I've concluded the main
             | driver was stress after all.
        
             | tudorw wrote:
             | Sulphites are worth cutting out to test too.
        
             | 80mph wrote:
             | _> >The symptoms only really present themself at night when
             | going to bed, as I guess I have no other stimuli to focus
             | on. During the day it's basically not an issue._
             | 
             | Do you take night showers? If your house has hard water or
             | your water dept. adds excessive chlorine, then either of
             | those could be the culprit.
        
         | airstrike wrote:
         | For what it's worth (very little, since it's a medical anecdote
         | shared online), my wife had a nasty case of hives for the first
         | time in her life after trying a sarecycline treatment. Took us
         | quite a while to connect the dots, though, and to this day we
         | don't know if it was really what caused it (or stress, or the
         | fact that she took 3 different vaccines on the same day, or
         | everything combined)
         | 
         | All of that is to suggest that you think about what you have
         | changed about your diet, medication or anything else either in
         | May or shortly before that
        
           | andrewzah wrote:
           | > what you have changed about your diet, medication or
           | anything else either in May or shortly before that
           | 
           | Well, there are only 2 things I can think of. Firstly, due to
           | covid I had been working at home from March to May. Before
           | covid I would still go out a lot to cafes/social workspaces
           | and get sunlight. And around mid-march I started running. By
           | May I was running about 5k-7k daily throughout my
           | neighborhood.
           | 
           | So we initially thought it was a bug related thing, but
           | everything came back clean. We tried eliminating food, but
           | nothing really seemed to have an effect after a week or two.
           | 
           | I spoke to my immunologist and he believes it's not food
           | related as I already have food related allergies (peanuts),
           | so eating something else should give me quick reactions like
           | peanuts do. Also, he said it's rare for adults to
           | spontaneously develop something like that. Bloodwork has been
           | inconclusive because my IgE is so high that it's causing
           | false positives. I did a diff of my allergy bloodwork from
           | and back in October, and multiple values did increase.
           | 
           | I have tried basically everything- getting more sunlight,
           | using sensitive detergent (3 different brands), cutting out
           | coffee/gluten etc. Hell, we even replaced the carpet in my
           | parents house with hardwood, and once I moved into my house
           | we cut out the carpet as well.
        
             | michael1999 wrote:
             | Tick borne disease?
        
               | andrewzah wrote:
               | It was ruled out early on, along with fungal infections,
               | HIV, etc in an array of tests. Basically every test I've
               | had has come out clean, minus occasionally a little high
               | blood pressure. And the IgE levels in orbit as mentioned
               | above.
        
               | beef234 wrote:
               | Could it be mcas?
        
             | rriepe wrote:
             | Check out Dr. John Sarno's works. It's mostly about back
             | pain but he covers other manifestations of the condition he
             | calls TMS. He talks about a personality type which you seem
             | to fit.
        
         | ArkanExplorer wrote:
         | Try cold showering - hot showers strip the natural oils from
         | your skin and leave it dry.
         | 
         | Ensure you're changing your bedsheets every 5 days, and wash
         | them with 70degree+ water.
        
       | fpgaminer wrote:
       | I can only wish these researchers good luck; we don't even
       | understand the gut's microbial ecosystem as it relates to gut
       | diseases.
       | 
       | I, unfortunately, have first hand experience here. The short
       | version of my story is that I started out 2020 with an acid
       | reflux diagnosis and ended 2020 laid out in bed 24/7 eating
       | nothing but rice and potatoes with doctors shrugging over a
       | mystery GI issue.
       | 
       | They finally gave me a specially designed, brand name, and
       | expensive as hell antibiotic that specifically targets the gut
       | microbiota. The drug and its effect is the medical equivalent of
       | the old IT adage: "Have you tried turning it off and on again?"
       | The idea is to rain hell down upon your gut and hope it resets to
       | a better balanced microbiota.
       | 
       | So yeah, that's the current state of modern medicine when it
       | comes to GI issues; bludgeon it to death and hope for the best.
       | So God have mercy on this researcher attempting to identify links
       | between the GI microbiota and other illnesses.
       | 
       | P.S. I was somewhat inclined to go into more details on my
       | journey, cause finding information on GI issues is so hard, but
       | it would be a stupidly long comment. Suffice it to say, I learned
       | a lot about the gut, but mostly about what we don't know. For all
       | those people with IBS-*, SIBO, and NCGI out there, you have my
       | deepest commiserations. Science can take the FODMAP diet and
       | shove it up its poorly understood rectum.
       | 
       | EDIT: I think in my revisions of this comment I forgot an
       | important bit: the treatment seems to have worked. My symptoms
       | are continuing to improve after the round of antibiotics. So as
       | crude as the science may be, at least it worked.
        
         | fodmap wrote:
         | I've being suffering IBS for the past ten years. I also had
         | that nuke all treatment and then try to colonize the gut.
         | 
         | It was antibiotics for x days, I don't remember how many, and
         | then pre and probiotics for x days. Rinse and repeat.
         | 
         | It didn't work.
         | 
         | I only can speak for myself but the FODMAP diet is the only
         | relief I've had experienced in ten years, and for the first
         | time (pardon my french) my shit is not watery.
         | 
         | P.S. I agree science has a lot to learn about this topic.
        
           | fpgaminer wrote:
           | > for the first time (pardon my french) my shit is not watery
           | 
           | Yeah. If I could impart advice on anyone, it's that if your
           | shit isn't "good" (a nice, clean Type 3 or Type 4), you need
           | to sort your shit out. In retrospect, my BMs were never
           | "great" in the past couple years and ... I clearly should
           | have done something about that a long time ago. It's likely
           | whatever was wrong with me was brewing for awhile, and just
           | triggered into something severe when something pushed it over
           | the edge.
        
             | fodmap wrote:
             | Right, the Bristol Stool chart. What a fun when doctors ask
             | you to keep a stool record.
             | 
             | > It's likely whatever was wrong with me was brewing for
             | awhile, and just triggered into something severe when
             | something pushed it over the edge.
             | 
             | I can't back it up with any evidence but my feeling is that
             | a combo of stress and too healthy food (for me) triggered
             | my gut crisis.
             | 
             | What I mean is that I started to eat food that was too rich
             | in GOS, and also fructose, just before my problems started.
        
               | fpgaminer wrote:
               | > I can't back it up with any evidence but my feeling is
               | that a combo of stress and too healthy food (for me)
               | triggered my gut crisis.
               | 
               | Similar. I'd been trying to eat healthier for the past
               | couple years, slowly cutting back on dessert/sweet foods,
               | eating more vegetables and fruits. Even started doing
               | green and fruit smoothies this year. But yeah, under the
               | FODMAP theory a lot of fruits could ferment in the gut,
               | some vegetables too, and beans, a staple of a healthy
               | diet, are probably the prototypical high-FODMAP food.
               | 
               | I'm not sure what the moral of that is ... I guess ...
               | don't eat healthier because it might kill you? _shrug_
               | The gut is a weird beast.
        
         | deathhand wrote:
         | Was there a re-colonization process? If so what
         | kind/brand/bacteria types?
        
           | fpgaminer wrote:
           | The treatment is just 14-days of the antibiotic, there's
           | nothing specifically done to recolonize your gut. The "off-
           | and-on" again thing is really just a theory, if you can even
           | call it that. Like a lot of medicine, it's something a drug
           | they developed with an idea in mind, found that it worked and
           | that's about the extent of our understanding of it. It may or
           | may not do what we think it does, because all the
           | manufacturer cared about is whether it works.
           | 
           | I did do my own research on whether taking probiotics would
           | be helpful, to recolonize my gut as you say. Of all the
           | studies I read, none found any benefit. Both during treatment
           | and after. So it's unlikely that a manual recolonization
           | process is even needed.
           | 
           | My personal pet theory is that the antibiotic doesn't wipe
           | everything out, but instead works by making the gut a much,
           | much more competitive environment. Beneficial flora tend to
           | be better survivors in our guts (for various reasons), so
           | they are more likely to survive the assault and the bad bugs
           | are less likely. Once the good bugs have the advantage again
           | they can outcompete and take over. There's also your gut's
           | immune system which, based on my reading, has the potential
           | to "farm" the flora in your gut. It too will be working to
           | rid the bad bugs and promote the good ones. It seems like in
           | the case of GI issues a bad bug gets a beachhead for one
           | reason or the other and then your immune system can't
           | naturally correct. The antibiotic gives it the chance to do
           | that.
           | 
           | Hence why probiotics are unlikely to do anything. It isn't a
           | total elimination, so there's nothing to reseed. And your
           | immune system is going to favor the same microbiota it grew
           | accustomed to when you were born. Not to mention the appendix
           | which is suspected as being a safe-harbor for your natural
           | gut flora.
           | 
           | I did take probiotics myself, since they don't seem to do any
           | harm. I took them during and after treatment. Probiotic
           | pills, Yakult, and yogurt. But there's no science backing
           | that action.
        
       | wwww4all wrote:
       | Mouth and gut health are directly related to physical health AND
       | mental health.
       | 
       | The gut is often called the second brain, and lots of mental
       | health issues like anxiety, depression, stress, etc can be
       | greatly helped by improving diet and healthy gut.
       | 
       | It's criminal that medical establishments are controlled by
       | pharmaceutical companies and establishment media spreads
       | prescription drug propaganda.
       | 
       | Everyone needs to do their own research about gut health and
       | direct impacts to physical and mental health.
        
         | tomrod wrote:
         | > The gut is often called the second brain, and lots of mental
         | health issues like anxiety, depression, stress, etc can be
         | greatly helped by improving diet and healthy gut.
         | 
         | Who calls it that? I've seen a comment or two before, but
         | certainly not "everyone" calling it that. It's a nice analogy
         | that probably could be stretched way too far, as these things
         | go.
         | 
         | Are the causal links clearly _known_ or correlation shows that
         | the link may be identifiable?
         | 
         | > It's criminal that medical establishments are controlled by
         | pharmaceutical companies and establishment media spreads
         | prescription drug propaganda.
         | 
         | Hmm... this sounds like conspiratorial thinking. Do you have
         | evidence of this, and if it is the case, a reason why this
         | status quo is worse than other alternatives?
         | 
         | > Everyone needs to do their own research about gut health and
         | direct impacts to physical and mental health.
         | 
         | Why? Wouldn't it be more reasonable for scientists to research,
         | work towards consensus, then report findings, rather than
         | duplicating the fixed costs of setting up laboratories and
         | health testing facilities in our garages? Considering I did
         | this, what is the likelihood I find a stronger connection or
         | novel fact about certain microbiota that inhabit my or my
         | families' bodies? Or perhaps you're being less precise in your
         | terminology, and you're advocating that people study
         | scientists' research rather than conducting wetlab studies.
         | Could you clarify?
         | 
         | Analogously, we should also all study the universe, but few
         | advocate for all to build radio telescopes on their available
         | rooftops.
        
           | mrzimmerman wrote:
           | I don't have anything to add to this brilliant response but
           | I'd like to say how much I appreciate it.
        
             | wwww4all wrote:
             | I'm curious as to why you think it's brilliant response?
             | 
             | Was it the lack of initiative to do simple google search on
             | gut brain physiological connections? The common phrases gut
             | feeling, gut check, gut intuition are related to the gut
             | brain connection.
             | 
             | Was it the lack of insight into the hundreds of billions of
             | dollars spent on prescription drug propaganda? Google how
             | pharma company marketed Oxicontin, which was huge part of
             | opioid addiction crisis.
             | 
             | Was it the lack of clarity in the scientific community
             | reproducibility crisis? Especially in the drug development
             | fields, where Big Pharma has big incentives to push through
             | dangerous drugs on people? Please Google prescription drug
             | called Vioxx.
        
               | mandis wrote:
               | Programming and software fields are full of people with
               | steep disregard for culturally established theories and
               | truisms.
               | 
               | Until some VC backed tech company builds a product around
               | a 1000+ year old theory, it seems to hold no water in
               | this community.
        
           | chiefalchemist wrote:
           | > Hmm... this sounds like conspiratorial thinking.
           | 
           | Does it? Why so? There are a handful of entities with control
           | and they all tend to have the same mindset. There's no need
           | for a conspiracy. Their context and objectives are the same.
           | There are a limited number of paths to that goal. They will -
           | like starlings - naturally "sync." No conspiracy necessary.
           | 
           | The fact of the matter is, more and more "traditional
           | medicine" that was long dismissed is proving to be healthy.
           | The use of hallucinogens to treat mental health come to mind.
           | How does Big Pharma deliver value to share holders with
           | plants that most anyone to grow?
           | 
           | Editorial: You sound naive, and likely a Big Pharma employee.
        
             | p1necone wrote:
             | Deciding that people who disagree with you must be "big
             | pharma" employees and denying conspiratorial thinking in
             | the same post... Wow
        
               | chiefalchemist wrote:
               | First, they are not the same and/or connected.
               | Correlation, not cause.
               | 
               | More importantly, I clearly explained that conspiracy is
               | not at all necessary for like-minded like-goaled entities
               | to act in concert. You're unfortunately parroting
               | conventional wisdom about such things, and that's a weak
               | argument. It heavy handed and a false assumption.
               | 
               | Yes, there's actual science behind such phenomenon.
               | 
               | murmurations -
               | https://animals.howstuffworks.com/birds/starling-
               | murmuration...
        
             | tomrod wrote:
             | > You [are]... likely a Big Pharma employee.
             | 
             | It'd be nice to make big Pharma wages, and even better to
             | make big Pharma profits, but alas I am a simple, dedicated
             | data scientist working with a non-profit.
             | 
             | > They will - like starlings - naturally "sync."
             | 
             | Unfortunately, such claims fail Hitchen's razor. Have you
             | read Sagan's "Demon Haunted World", by chance? If not, I
             | highly recommend it. There is no need to project a
             | metaphorical substrate on reality -- sometimes things
             | simply don't require shadowy entities running things from
             | the shadow.
             | 
             | I say this as I eat a nice slice of pizza on a Friday
             | evening, with a cold beer on my coffee table and a movie
             | running while I puzzle over figuring out SQL Server and
             | podman/docker container max sizes. I have shadows in the
             | room, but I am confident no one hides there.
             | 
             | > You sound naive
             | 
             | This is certainly true. There are a huge universe things I
             | wish to learn more about before concluding I am a powerless
             | peon.
             | 
             | EDIT: I have figured out my podman issue, and --ulimit=host
             | and --security-opt label=disable are now committed to at
             | least my short-term memory.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | bilegeek wrote:
           | >Who calls it that?
           | 
           | It comes from some studies[1] that show a large number of
           | neurons in the gut which control subsystems, which number
           | about as much as a cat brain. This is interesting and makes
           | things more complicated than initially thought, but is a bit
           | apples to oranges; just having as many neurons as a cat brain
           | doesn't mean they operate like you hacked a brain into your
           | gut.
           | 
           | Spitballing here, but this probably started as an analogy to
           | show the number of neurons, and people started thinking it
           | was an actual brain.
           | 
           | [1]https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-
           | preventi...
           | 
           | (Maybe not the best source, but google "human gut cat brain"
           | and you'll see this view all over the place.)
        
             | tomrod wrote:
             | Makes sense. So the neurons themselves are not an analogy,
             | but their operational status perhaps is. I appreciate you
             | humoring me.
        
           | hutzlibu wrote:
           | "Analogously, we should also all study the universe, but few
           | advocate for all to build radio telescopes on their available
           | rooftops. "
           | 
           | But the conditions of the stars are not linked to our well
           | being (unless you are into astrology).
           | 
           | But the condition of our gut microbiome is.
           | 
           | I simply read the comment as a urge to investigate about your
           | own biome. What works and what helps you individually, with
           | the methods you have avaiable. Like checking what you eat,
           | your medicines ... and how that affects your well being. Good
           | indicator for health is .. a good shit so to say. But yeah,
           | if you have a lab avaiable, or know a competent one, why not
           | also professionally investigate your digestion outcome.
        
             | tomrod wrote:
             | Perhaps you missed the big pharma conspiracy.
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | I ignored that part mostly ...
               | 
               | But that big pharma does things, that strenghten peoples
               | believe in conspiracy is sadly not far off:
               | 
               | For example about Sanofi, a french pharma company. On the
               | german Wiki page is a section criticsm, stating various
               | bad things, like not telling about side effects of drugs
               | and trying to suppress that knowledge in various cases
               | and testing in poor countries with lax standards, etc.
               | 
               | https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanofi#Kritik
               | 
               | (one english link: https://techcrunch.com/2015/04/14/big-
               | pharma-small-startup)
               | 
               | But nothing to be seen on the english version for
               | example. And I heard countless other stories, of which
               | most were surely crackpot realm, but not at all
               | everything, so I am also not really a fan of big pharma.
        
       | bserge wrote:
       | Or many ills affect the body in more extensive ways than thought.
       | Constipation could be an early warning sign of Parkinson's and
       | other problems, for example, not that you'd be able to tell.
       | 
       | I'm pretty "natural", never had antibiotics and stuff. But I can
       | tell you I've got plenty of problems that can _never_ be fixed by
       | gut bacteria.
       | 
       | Besides, modern lives are anything but natural.
        
       | vmception wrote:
       | Interestingly, this is what holistic practitioners and
       | naturopaths have been trying to say for a long time
       | 
       | They've just substituted the scientific method with no method at
       | all and devoid of all peer review or capability of it
       | 
       | As technology improves I expect individualized and therefore
       | holistic treatments to be at the forefront
        
       | hmmokidk wrote:
       | I say this all the time. There is a lot to say about this but
       | anti-biotics aren't a silver bullet. There is a drawback to them
       | bigger than any of us have really imagined.
       | 
       | There are a whole slew of mysterious illnesses probably caused by
       | imbalances in the gut.
        
       | jonas_kgomo wrote:
       | Besides the gut flora being capable of some neurological effects
       | it has demonstrated to be psychoactive. Professor Robert
       | Sapolsky[1] has an amazing course on Behavorial Evolution. The
       | toxoplasmic gondii comes from the rat -> cat -> gut -> brain, it
       | is profound that side effects in the brain are chemically
       | constructed from the stomach. Considering that most animals do
       | not even have a brain,but usually have a stomach, it is evident
       | that the gut is underestimated in the evolutionary tree.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y0Oa4Lp5fLE
        
       | tempestn wrote:
       | It really seems like some decades in the future we'll look back
       | at the results of gut microbiome research as akin to the
       | discoveries of bacteria and viruses. Before those discoveries it
       | was known that people got sick, and that developing sickness was
       | correlated with various things, like proximity to sick people, or
       | poor hygiene, but the mechanisms behind those correlations
       | weren't known. (Or they were suspected, but with some
       | misconceptions or lack of detail.)
       | 
       | I expect and certainly hope that as this system is better
       | understood, it will unlock numerous significant advances in
       | medical science. Would just be nice if that process could happen
       | faster!
        
       | forgotmypw17 wrote:
       | A long time ago, our ancestors were single-celled.
       | 
       | Then, some cells decided to live together, form a slime, division
       | of labor, organs, etc. And today, voila, we have humans.
       | 
       | However, the single-celled never went away. We have been living
       | together, co-evolving together, all this time.
       | 
       | No human has ever lived without a microbiome. We have been in
       | symbiosis all this time. The immune system picks off the baddies,
       | while the goodies get to stick around, serving all sorts of
       | useful functions. Not only that, but the goodies actually edge
       | out the baddies, because they consume most of the resources
       | available to microbes. Combined with help from immune system
       | police, a balance is reached.
       | 
       | That's the way it works until you introduce various ways to harm
       | the microbiome. Preservatives in the food. Substances which
       | indiscriminately kill bacteria on the skin and elsewhere.
       | Antibiotics. Then the balance is thrown off, the baddies get to
       | proliferate unchecked, the immune system can no longer cope with
       | their scale.
       | 
       | I've stopped using any products which harm my microbiome. It's
       | not easy, and it's not a one-day or one-month or one-year
       | transition, but it's paid off in ways I didn't even imagine
       | possible when I started out.
       | 
       | Edit: When I post about this stuff, I often get asked about
       | specifics. For reasons of privacy, and several others, I would
       | rather not get into them. Do your own research, find your own
       | way. Don't wait for everything to be handed to you on a plate.
       | I've provided more than enough information in this comment.
        
         | colordrops wrote:
         | If you aren't willing to post specifics about your own
         | activities, you could at least provide references for the
         | statements you did make, e.g. battle to consume resources, and
         | throwing the microbiome off.
         | 
         | Don't bother to make vague generalizations without being
         | willing to back them up, especially anonymously. It makes the
         | statement nearly information-free. And this is coming from
         | someone who agrees with your assessment.
        
         | madaxe_again wrote:
         | My wife had terrible acne for years - she tried every product
         | under the sun, visited dermatologists, all of it.
         | 
         | About nine months ago I persuaded her to try absolutely
         | nothing. Just wash her face with mild soap and water when she
         | showers or after exercise. It was a hard sell. A really hard
         | sell. It looked sinfully angry for the first few weeks, and
         | then, bit by bit, started to fade.
         | 
         | Now... her skin is perfect, the scars are subsiding, and she
         | hasn't had even a hint of acne or so much as a zit in four
         | months.
         | 
         | The crux of my hypothesis was that she was eradicating her skin
         | microbiome over and over, and possibly breeding incredibly
         | resistant bacteria with no competition.
         | 
         | I take a similar approach with oral hygiene - I don't brush, I
         | don't use toothpaste or mouthwash, I just use a wooden
         | toothpick to get anything stuck out. I started this in my teens
         | at boarding school, as toothbrushes were often "borrowed" for
         | cleaning rugby boots, and then replaced in the rack. At the
         | time, I figured not brushing was better than god only knows
         | what being rubbed into my gums. I had _appalling_ breath and
         | swollen gums for several months - but both just disappeared
         | after adaptation.
         | 
         | I go to see a dentist every few years, mostly out of a sense of
         | obligation, and have never had a carie, cavity, periodontal
         | disease, or anything - I'm pushing 40. The most they've ever
         | done is polish them. By my age my mother had lost half her
         | molars, my father had a gobful of crowns and fillings, so it's
         | not genetics.
         | 
         | Maybe I'm talking crap, but I think we significantly
         | underestimate our bodies abilities to maintain themselves, and
         | buy into the idea that we require products to keep them
         | working.
         | 
         | Unfortunately, weaning yourself off this stuff usually involves
         | some degree of disruption, be it honking breath, or skin so
         | angry you don't want to be seen in public.
        
           | kart23 wrote:
           | I've heard that some people do indeed have better bacterial
           | biomes than others, some will be fine without brushing or
           | flossing, and others will have problems. Saliva has a large
           | part to play in preventing caries and bad breath, dry mouth
           | can cause a lot of the issues you describe. Also, water
           | fluoridation has made quite a big impact in public dental
           | health. Remember that most people used to lose teeth
           | regularly before the advent of fluoride toothpaste, often
           | very early in their lives. Do you think that these people's
           | teeth were maintaining themselves? Looking at old WW2 videos
           | made me realize this, where many soldiers in their 20s had
           | completely black teeth or massive gaps.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_fluoridation#History
        
             | joshspankit wrote:
             | I can't find the name now, but there was a researcher who
             | looked at crooked teeth and tooth decay in modern society,
             | then started flying around the globe to see if the issue
             | was the same in tribes. Turned out it wasn't.
             | 
             | What do you have to say to that?
        
               | anonAndOn wrote:
               | The beasties that make plaque thrive on sugar. Turns out
               | refined sugar and processed foods made with sweeteners
               | like high fructose corn syrup are really hard to come by
               | out in the sticks.
        
               | kart23 wrote:
               | I'm not a dentist, but I do know that bacteria feed on
               | sugar and carbohydrates. There's some info that says
               | refined carbs are just as bad as candy. If all you eat is
               | meat, vegetables, and some fruit, you're probably not
               | gonna get as many cavities as a refined grain-based diet
               | with more refined sugar.
        
           | accounted wrote:
           | A similar, and perhaps better option:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miswak
        
           | bserge wrote:
           | Yeah, I'd say don't apply that thinking to _everything_.
        
           | titzer wrote:
           | Did you have your wisdom teeth out? Are your teeth straight?
           | That makes a huge difference.
        
           | da_big_ghey wrote:
           | For what it's worth, I've done the same, but it only worked
           | because I wasn't eating a bunch of sugary garbage. Definitely
           | nobody should try it who eats that sort of stuff even
           | somewhat often.
        
             | pengaru wrote:
             | Exactly.
             | 
             | A close friend of mine had horrible dental hygiene, rarely
             | brushing, drank soda and beer as his water, and only went
             | to the dentist after developing intolerable pain something
             | like a decade into this mode.
             | 
             | When he came to work the day after his dentist visit, he
             | said the dentist told him "this is what we call mountain
             | dew mouth" when examining his teeth.
             | 
             | If you don't eat stuff that makes plaque thrive, the
             | consequences of ignoring it are less severe.
        
         | Grimm1 wrote:
         | You lost me at antibiotics. Overuse is a problem for certain,
         | but we'd have a lot more death, and possibly worse, disability
         | without them.
        
           | serverholic wrote:
           | You just made up an argument for a point that the OP wasn't
           | making.
        
             | Xunjin wrote:
             | He is not wrong... OP did not make this point however you
             | can infer it, from his point of view
             | 
             | Actually in my limited knowledge about biology, both are
             | right, when things are way discompensated, you have to use
             | things to kill bacterias which almost take control of a
             | part of your body (the baddies one) .
        
               | chillwaves wrote:
               | That misses the point. It's a trade off. The mindset of
               | saying something is good or bad is ridiculously limiting.
               | 
               | Yes, more people would die. Does that mean the ones who
               | didn't would be worse off? Less healthy?
               | 
               | There is a natural balance to the world order. Pushing
               | the system, even building it up, creates strains that
               | might not be obvious until it is catastrophically so.
        
         | croes wrote:
         | Is it that why now more people live on earth than ever since?
        
           | chillwaves wrote:
           | Your comment has nothing to do with the comment you are
           | replying to. It's about quality of life and individual
           | health.
           | 
           | You could breed humans like we do with industrial agriculture
           | and factory farms, but you would have a difficult time
           | arguing this is good for the health of the animals (or
           | people) involved.
        
           | titzer wrote:
           | Probably because of reduced all-cause mortality, increased
           | food production, and the relative peace of the 20th century.
        
             | azinman2 wrote:
             | Relative peace of the 20th century? At least 108M have died
             | in war. I believe it to be one of the biggest on record,
             | and certainly not one of the peaceful times. So relative
             | peace compared to what?
        
               | titzer wrote:
               | Well, I meant the latter part of the 20th century.
               | Population has more than tripled since then. The crazy
               | thing is that the 108M that died in WW2 really only
               | slowed, or paused world population growth. It was not a
               | devastating depopulation event like the Bubonic plague
               | that killed 1/3rd of Europe.
        
               | azinman2 wrote:
               | When you say peace, I don't think about plagues, natural
               | disasters, or anything of the sort. I think of war. And
               | there's been war every decade (I believe) of the 20th
               | century.
        
               | zabzonk wrote:
               | > So relative peace compared to what?
               | 
               | Total world population.
               | 
               | https://www.vox.com/2015/6/23/8832311/war-
               | casualties-600-yea...
        
         | RankingMember wrote:
         | > Edit: When I post about this stuff, I often get asked about
         | specifics. For reasons of privacy, and several others, I would
         | rather not get into them. Do your own research, find your own
         | way. Don't wait for everything to be handed to you on a plate.
         | I've provided more than enough information in this comment.
         | 
         | Come on now, are you really going to post about how something
         | "paid off in ways I didn't even imagine possible when I started
         | out" and not name even one example? This lowers your comment to
         | being basically on the same tier of conversation as conspiracy
         | theorists who brush off requests for proof with "DO YOUR
         | RESEARCH, THE TRUTH IS OUT THERE I CAN'T GIVE YOU SPECIFICS".
        
           | johnchristopher wrote:
           | Haha, that's what he did :D.
           | 
           | Coincidentally I looked OP's profile and found this URL again
           | http://hn:hn@sHiTMyseLf.com/index.html. I had stumbled upon
           | it in a previous thread (don't remember which one, but I only
           | look at profile when I read some specific kind of comments).
           | 
           | I didn't get what the website was about last time and I
           | didn't stay long enough this time either.
        
             | forgotmypw17 wrote:
             | That URL was obfuscated to prevent bot abuse.
             | 
             | It will now be replaced with a new one.
        
               | remexre wrote:
               | https://xkcd.com/1808/
        
           | trhway wrote:
           | unfortunately mentioning any specifics risks transforming the
           | conversation into arguing about such a specific item with the
           | results being projected back onto the main statement. It also
           | risks sounding like one is pushing his/her pseudoscientific
           | stuff. In the area like microbiome with highly individual
           | situations and relatively low level of established science
           | any specifics is just an anecdote not much suitable for
           | rigorous discussion. (i have myself found a couple ways of
           | dealing with my SIBO (test based diagnosed by GE) for example
           | and almost never discuss those specifics. It is really an
           | area of "do you own research" and the useful methods/etc. are
           | really "out there".)
        
             | johnchristopher wrote:
             | Maybe so but "Don't wait for everything to be handed to you
             | on a plate. I've provided more than enough information in
             | this comment." is really condescending and not inspiring
             | much trust.
             | 
             | It's also a classic move when you can't backup your claims.
        
             | bsanr2 wrote:
             | "This worked for me, but might not work for you, because of
             | our specific circumstances," followed by a detailed
             | description, would suffice, and in turn be much less
             | useless and condescending.
             | 
             | Please, discuss specifics (as I have).
        
               | trhway wrote:
               | with all the caveats of not being a doctor and all the
               | risks known and unknown, "don't try at home", etc.
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17139208
               | 
               | while i didn't get totally cured, the condition went down
               | very significantly, a couple orders of magnitude (by
               | subjective feeling and some objective metrics), and since
               | then i've mostly been maintaining the situation by a
               | daily teaspoon of activated charcoal mixed into 2 cups of
               | water (i drink it at least 3 hours after meal and at
               | least 2 hours before meal to minimize charcoal binding on
               | food instead of its intended targets).
        
               | bsanr2 wrote:
               | This is interesting. I was never diagnosed with anything
               | (too poor to go to the doctor at the time, even with
               | insurance), but I came to the conclusion that I had a
               | similar issue: bad (or overgrown) bacteria housed snugly
               | in biofilm. As mentioned here
               | (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26119265), someone
               | suggested taking digestive enzymes on an empty stomach
               | would help to break down the biofilm and allow healthier
               | bacteria a chance to eatablish themselves.
               | 
               | Two different self-treatments aimed at what seem to be
               | similar issues with anecdotal success. Hm. I really,
               | really do hope that all aspects of our experiences get
               | studied more thoroughly in the future.
               | 
               | Thanks for sharing.
        
         | M5x7wI3CmbEem10 wrote:
         | how did you start?
        
           | Diederich wrote:
           | Starting in around 2013 or so, I stopped using any kind of
           | soap or cleaner on my body, with a couple of exceptions. I
           | still wash my hands regularly, and I use a tiny little bit of
           | fairly bland, unscented soap between my legs in the shower.
           | Note that my head hair is quite long, naturally coming down
           | to my mid/lower back.
           | 
           | How do I get my body/face clean in the shower? Very hot water
           | and very vigorous scrubbing/rubbing.
           | 
           | After doing that for a week, my body odor virtually
           | disappeared, even when I was hot and sweaty. While my overall
           | skin and hair condition had always been ok, it improved
           | noticeably.
           | 
           | I did this after reading a number of articles online about it
           | and figured it would be worth trying.
           | 
           | As a bit of an experimental control, I didn't tell my wife
           | that I was doing this. We do regularly brush and braid each
           | other's hair. After about two weeks, she said that my hair
           | was more full and healthy than it's ever been, and she also
           | confirmed the body odor changes.
           | 
           | So this is anecdotal: it was useful for me, and might be
           | useful to some others. However, given everything we're
           | learning about microbiomes in _and on_ the body, it seems to
           | make a lot of sense.
        
             | jimlikeslimes wrote:
             | Tried this for months, I really smelled bad. Good friends
             | telling me unprompted etc. YMMV.
        
               | pengaru wrote:
               | I concur.
               | 
               | I've lived in homesteading environments where numerous
               | people go months bathing sparingly using just water,
               | while still actually getting things done involving
               | significant labor, sweating and generally getting dirty.
               | 
               | Everyone reeks in these conditions. They don't realize
               | it, and their intimate partners who are in constant
               | contact also don't quite appreciate the degree of odor,
               | because it's shared.
               | 
               | But from an outsider perspective, it's _ripe_.
               | 
               | There's probably an evolutionary reason for this, members
               | of a tribe will smell similarly when eating the same food
               | and sharing space/objects in close quarters. I can easily
               | imagine how that would be advantageous. Foreigners will
               | stink.
        
               | Diederich wrote:
               | > bathing sparingly
               | 
               | That could be a difference; I scrub a good long time
               | using quite a bit of hot water.
        
               | sharadov wrote:
               | I used to use hot water + scrub. Was told it's terrible
               | for your skin by my dermatologist, you start developing
               | eczema in some cases in the long run. Warm water, white
               | unscented mild soap and no scrub was his recommendation.
        
               | colordrops wrote:
               | I've been using olive oil based soap and it works great.
        
           | forgotmypw17 wrote:
           | .
        
             | volkk wrote:
             | can you expand on that? and also what do you mean by ways
             | you couldn't even imagine?
        
         | refurb wrote:
         | Knowing that what you eat - more fiber, less fiber, more carbs,
         | less carbs, etc, how do you optimize your microbiome when there
         | is so much variety among humans? Which is the right biome?
        
           | atian wrote:
           | You can start at blood type.
        
       | dragosmocrii wrote:
       | It's interesting to see more and more articles lately reporting a
       | strong connection between ilnesses (or lack) and one's microbiome
       | health. What I noticed from my experience, is that kombucha and
       | kimchi make me feel great if I consume these regularly (once or
       | twice a week). Sometimes I will indulge in some crap food like
       | pizzas and noodles, which make me feel unwell, but kombucha and
       | kimchi work as a reset :)
        
         | genewitch wrote:
         | pizza and noodles are also high on the "glycemic index"
         | whatever that means, and probably should be avoided. I don't
         | think all noodles are, but probably most of the noodles in
         | america should be avoided?
         | 
         | Kombucha, especially if you brew your own and can adjust the
         | tea used to make the perfect taste, is probably not doing any
         | harm, and if any of the health benefits are true (i'm not sure,
         | i never researched it, i just like the flavor) then awesome.
         | 
         | I don't want to comment more than a couple times in these
         | threads, so i'll just put this here: I've been saying that the
         | gut bacteria are probably more "us" than our brains are; i read
         | a study about 16 or 17 years ago that showed that wheat and
         | sugar (two grasses) when digested in human guts release
         | agonists/antagonist/whatever for opioids which your brain takes
         | up. So when you go on a diet that restricts sugar or wheat, you
         | actually literally mentally and physically suffer withdrawal
         | symptoms. This can make massive cravings take hold, which might
         | lead to over-indulgence in, say, chocolate chip cookies or
         | cake, which cause the dwindling gut fauna to bloom like crazy,
         | making you feel great even though you broke your diet, and
         | making it even harder to attempt to get your plan back on the
         | rails again.
         | 
         | they're linking everything to gut biome now, alzheimers and a
         | slew of other mental issues. I was so enraptured by the
         | research and papers i read that i actually swore i'd have a
         | farm before i was 45, producing excess food for anyone that
         | wanted it. Nothing since then has contradicted the prior
         | research, and as i said, there's new "traced to gut
         | flora/fauna" papers being published what seems like biweekly.
        
       | andrebotelho wrote:
       | solid read
        
       | dekken_ wrote:
       | https://outline.com/TtrWGF
        
       | JoeAltmaier wrote:
       | It seems reasonable. It's been said, even if we cloned a Mammoth,
       | it would quickly die if we didn't colonize its gut carefully. It
       | had adapted to eating what was growing forty thousand years ago.
       | It would need different flora to digest hay today. Even then,
       | there might be no solution compatible with its intestinal
       | biochemistry. We are all products of our environment.
        
       | bigmattystyles wrote:
       | Completely anecdotal, personal experience. It wasn't Accutane but
       | when I was a pimply teen, in an effort to remedy the acne, I was
       | prescribed doxycycline and another topical antibacterial
       | ointment; in any case, I never had heartburn or experienced
       | depression prior to that but a few months after starting those
       | meds, both started. It's likely unrelated but whenever I read how
       | crucial biomes are - I can't help but wonder. For the record, I
       | preferred the acne.
        
         | james-bcn wrote:
         | Interesting. I took oxytetracycline for acne for several years
         | as a teenager in the late 1980s. I wonder if anyone has done a
         | study on the long-term effects of that.
        
         | codesnik wrote:
         | oh my, I was prescribed a course of doxycycline once, and those
         | were gloomiest and angriest couple weeks of my life. I felt
         | like I'm a sociopath, just didn't care about people
         | emotionally. And that bitter taste all the time, like my saliva
         | just become bitter.
        
         | gr1zzlybe4r wrote:
         | Anecdotally I wonder about this sometimes too. I took Accutane
         | mostly because I had a parent that really drove me to take it
         | (I think projecting some of their own issues with acne onto my
         | completely normal amount of teenage acne) and I definitely feel
         | like it changed my mood during and after taking it. I didn't
         | drink at all on it either. It's a drug that you shouldn't be
         | able to have a teenager take unless it's approved by a panel of
         | dermatologists or something. I had no idea of the severity of
         | the side effects from it when I took it.
        
           | fraudsyndrome wrote:
           | I took this when I was a teenager too, acne was horrible even
           | with a proper skincare routine. Getting access to Accutane
           | was easy, only took 1 session with a Dermatologist who asked
           | me basic questions on what my routine was. In hindsight I
           | wonder if this should have been harder to access.
           | 
           | Of course it worked and I feel like I gotboff relatively
           | lucky with the side-effects. One benefit was dry(er)
           | skin/hair, which sounds bad but oily skin/hair was relatively
           | worse to live with. I also never knew how bad some side-
           | effects could have been which is why I said I was lucky.
           | 
           | However what I'll never know is - whether I'd be different if
           | I never took it. Some side-effects are so out of the ordinary
           | that even if I have it, I'll never effectively be able to say
           | "yes, that was because I took Accutane when I was younger".
           | Even being lucky, I still wished I just let the hormonal acne
           | play out.
           | 
           | Edit: I just had a quick glance on the list of side-effects
           | and for example, I've had back pain since I was a teen, and I
           | thought it was just my form that was the cause even though
           | I'd watch tens of hours of videos on proper form, people I
           | know would use way worse form and never suffer an injury.
           | Minor anxiety and even being susceptible to being sick. Some
           | of these apply but they are also very common in those taking
           | Isotretinoin (besides the anxiety; 1/1000-10000) but sadly I
           | can't ever know whether the cause was due to the medication.
        
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