[HN Gopher] Multiple Beverly Hills PD officers now weaponizing c...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Multiple Beverly Hills PD officers now weaponizing copyright
       against streaming
        
       Author : booleanbetrayal
       Score  : 242 points
       Date   : 2021-02-12 15:52 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.vice.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.vice.com)
        
       | medium_burrito wrote:
       | Hopefully they were playing the "Beverly Hills Cop" theme song!
       | 
       | EDIT: It would be the most defensible thing ever- "It's our theme
       | song, we can play it whenever we want to"
        
         | sjg007 wrote:
         | Axel F ... that or the crazy frog version.
        
       | dahart wrote:
       | I'm suddenly interested in making a neural network that can mute
       | a known reference audio from a stream while leaving the
       | surrounding audio in tact. Doesn't something like this already
       | exist? It seems like Instagram and YouTube could pretty easily
       | leave audio-edited videos online while addressing the copyright
       | violation, without resorting to takedowns or account bans.
        
         | JMTQp8lwXL wrote:
         | Why doesn't YouTube do this to their videos, instead of muting
         | all audio, or removing the video entirely? It'd be a far
         | preferable user experience.
        
           | Aeronwen wrote:
           | They don't get anything out of it except complaints when it
           | doesn't work right.
        
         | sorenjan wrote:
         | Sounds like the Cocktail party problem.
         | 
         | https://www.comsol.com/blogs/have-you-heard-about-the-cockta...
        
           | dahart wrote:
           | It's definitely similar, though should be a lot easier when
           | one of the things you're trying to distinguish and remove has
           | a known high quality reference track you can use, right?
        
         | Shivetya wrote:
         | Nah, I am more interested in charging the police officers with
         | DMCA violations and penalties on top of disturbing the peace
         | and purposeful interference with someone exercising their First
         | Amendment rights.
         | 
         | Seriously, we don't need to fix the DMCA. This isn't the
         | problem here. The problem is staring us in the face. Police are
         | empowered by their unions which have a stranglehold on local if
         | not national politics; even that 350 billion in the covid bills
         | to shore up state finances is a little disguised bailout of
         | public employee pension systems.
         | 
         | the simple fact is, public sector employee unions are a threat
         | to the financial and physical security of all Americans. their
         | actions permit their members to provide bad to no service in
         | both schools and police if not general public services over
         | all. Remember, qualified immunity is not just a police issue,
         | it covers all public employees.
        
           | dahart wrote:
           | Isn't undermining someone's ability to use copyrighted
           | material with the intent of causing a video takedown in the
           | first place going to be a lot easier to achieve, and have the
           | same outcome that you want?
           | 
           | It isn't realistic to think the officers could be prosecuted
           | for DMCA violations, nor is it even that clear cut - they
           | aren't posting the videos that are being taking down. It
           | takes two parties here to result in the copyright violation.
           | 
           | This is definitely not a good look for law enforcement to
           | fight against public videos this way, even if it's a clever
           | hack. It is _potentially_ violating the law, and it runs
           | against the very reasons they have body cams. But enforcement
           | won't be easy and requires proving intent, which makes it
           | even harder. So much simpler to just take away this
           | particular avenue for avoiding public records.
        
         | analognoise wrote:
         | You don't need a neural network for this - after song
         | identification, you might be able to stream the right song at
         | the right location, then simply play the song "inverted" -
         | you'll increase background noise but the song won't be
         | identifiable.
         | 
         | It's a very simple DSP operation after song identification. It
         | sounds like a lot of fun actually.
         | 
         | The front end location identification might not have an extant
         | solution, but post identification it should be doable with
         | standard tricks.
         | 
         | This is the cyberpunk future we were waiting for. Who wants to
         | do some DSP?!
         | 
         | If anyone wants to work together on this, we absolutely should.
         | This is a fun problem with a very, very cyberpunk vibe. Plus
         | it's real DSP work!
        
           | diggan wrote:
           | Isn't this how balanced audio cables work effectively? Have
           | two signals, one hot and one cold, invert them against each
           | other and noise would be cancelled out. Replace noise with
           | the song that got identified, and you can cancel it out.
        
           | me_me_me wrote:
           | That's what I was thinking too. It doesnt even have to be
           | perfect. All it needs to do is mask/distort music to make the
           | algo matching content id not identify it.
           | 
           | Hmmm.... would playing another song at the same time not have
           | similar effect?
           | 
           | This might be fun weekend project :)
        
           | anaerobicover wrote:
           | This won't magically make other audio sources that were
           | present when the recording was made easier to hear, though.
           | Once the recording is made, they're not independent any more.
           | They'll still be masked, maybe even more.
        
             | analognoise wrote:
             | No, but it will preserve them online for later
             | filtering/post processing.
        
               | anaerobicover wrote:
               | Maybe, depending on the details of your scheme, I guess?
               | If you subtract data, that data is gone, and there's no
               | separate stream of data in the recording for the cops'
               | voices vs. the phone.
        
               | analognoise wrote:
               | We just "play" the song - so it's a spotify call. Ideally
               | anything not aligned with the song meant to induce
               | takedown and the inverted playing of it will still be
               | maintained.
               | 
               | To clarify, we don't want to subtract the data from the
               | feed, we can just nullify it near the microphone.
               | 
               | I think it would be harder to filter on an instagram feed
               | directly, not sure how their api looks or if it's
               | possible?
        
               | anaerobicover wrote:
               | I see, you're saying play the inverse at the recording
               | time. So I misunderstood, I thought you were meaning
               | doing it to the recording.
               | 
               | This is also complicated, because you need to factor in
               | the relative locations of the original source, your
               | source, and the pickup to make sure the phase is correct.
        
           | bmicraft wrote:
           | I don't think this is realistically achievable when you have
           | all kinds of distortion and echoes. You'd also need a way to
           | identify the exact position on the song and correct that if
           | it was wrong because it was in the refrain.
        
             | analognoise wrote:
             | I was thinking about this - a convolution filter with a
             | long enough window would have a pretty good chance of
             | identifying the right refrain location.
             | 
             | You're right about echoes, but it doesn't need to be
             | perfect - the echoes are already probably below the
             | detection floor for the takedown filter.
             | 
             | Also: If you identify and match up with a refrain, you'd
             | still nullify that refrain. You'd just have to keep on your
             | toes and move to the right location once you realized there
             | was a mismatch. This is a classic cat/mouse "warring
             | filters" problem!
        
           | dahart wrote:
           | Yeah it does seem technically within reach and potentially
           | solvable. I was thinking of including song identification
           | when I mentioned an NN as a potential solution. I'm also
           | assuming that there a bunch of other serious complications
           | like resampling and clock skew between the two streams, a
           | changing frequency response over time, etc. You can imagine
           | that if there are audio dropouts or song pauses in the video
           | you're trying to fix, then naively subtracting the source
           | song will result in accidentally playing the copyrighted song
           | instead of removing it. And it might be trickier if people
           | sing along to the song, etc. I think this situation is quite
           | a bit tougher than the standard trick people use to remove
           | ambient audio by recording with a 2nd mic further away and
           | subtracting it.
        
       | jlgaddis wrote:
       | Hmm, would the playing of music by the police constitute a
       | "public performance" (per copyright law)?
        
         | hedora wrote:
         | The facts in this case make it clear the officer intends for it
         | to be a public performance. The officer should be fired, and
         | the copyright holder should pursue maximum financial damages.
         | 
         | Neither of those things will happen. The system is too corrupt
         | for that.
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | What non-fictional financial damages did the copyright holder
           | suffer in this case?
           | 
           | Is he going to come after me when i listen to music with an
           | ipen window, or have friends over?
        
             | pseudalopex wrote:
             | Copyright laws have statutory damages.
             | 
             | Having friends over isn't public performance. Having a
             | window open incidentally isn't public performance.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | If they're listening to their phone exactly like any other
         | person walking down the street might do, then no.
         | 
         | If they were deliberately playing it over a PA system to a
         | crowd, then yes.
         | 
         | You may not like this behavior, but we really don't want to set
         | a precedent that listening to music at normal volumes in public
         | spaces is a punishable copyright violation.
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | Yes, but I can't imagine many big recording companies wanting
         | to start a fight with police unions.
        
         | jhart99 wrote:
         | I don't see how ASCAP/BMI wouldn't get on their cases about
         | using music without a license.
        
         | tclancy wrote:
         | "RAAAAHHHHHXANNE, you don't want to run that red light!"
        
       | lsiebert wrote:
       | Recording cops while music is playing should be a fair use under
       | US copyright law, right?
       | 
       | So it's mostly about the take-down system and it's abusiveness.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | As far as I can tell, none of these videos have actually been
         | taken down. It's just speculation at this point.
        
       | antisthenes wrote:
       | This is a general reminder to everyone when engaging in thought
       | and conversation about policy and laws.
       | 
       | Always consider the possible second and third-order effects of
       | your proposal. There will _always_ be people who use (or at least
       | attempt to use) the new policy to their own maximum benefit,
       | possibly not in the intended way at all.
       | 
       | Consider that behavior does not necessarily make them bad or
       | evil, merely agents acting in their own self-interest. Consider
       | then, also, not simply making a list of "if then else" exceptions
       | and bans for these behaviors, but rethinking the entire policy in
       | the first place.
       | 
       | I strongly believe we could all be in a better place civically if
       | we adhere to these simple guidelines before we slap down policies
       | left and right and get trapped in vicious feedback loops where we
       | can't repeal certain laws because they are "grandfathered in".
        
       | jahnu wrote:
       | I wonder if a band pass filter would suffice to defeat this
       | attack?
        
       | 2pEXgD0fZ5cF wrote:
       | To escalate this further, couldn't the police (semi officially,
       | or police officers cooperating in private) just create musical
       | pieces themselves to then have even more control over weaponizing
       | them?
        
         | CompuHacker wrote:
         | You could add a little texture to LRAD tones to make them
         | copyright-able pieces. (... LRAD Orchestra? Copyright Beam?
         | Litigation Laser? Chilling Effect Spray?)
        
       | phs318u wrote:
       | Another approach here is for the streaming services to tweak
       | their takedown algorithms - if they detect a police officer in
       | the video don't automatically take down the video. Lobbying for
       | this is probably themost likely to yield results. Police
       | opposition to such a move would expose their real intent at which
       | point shifting the focus back to the police actions becomes
       | viable.
        
       | almost_usual wrote:
       | These police are missing a prime opportunity to play Don't Stand
       | So Close To Me.
        
       | sevenf0ur wrote:
       | In all these videos, I see entitled live streamers who think it's
       | the duty of the police to answer every silly question they ask.
       | Borderline harassment. Playing copyrighted music doesn't prevent
       | you from recording but it does get the annoying streamers to
       | bugger off so mission accomplished.
        
         | toiletfuneral wrote:
         | you sound like a massive bootlicker
        
         | medium_burrito wrote:
         | You could always offer stalking as a service a la William
         | Gibson's "Followr". Police are sick of streamers, hire someone
         | via app to stream the streamer!
        
         | xxpor wrote:
         | Then write them a ticket. Don't be passive aggressive.
        
           | sevenf0ur wrote:
           | Would you rather the police be aggressive? I'm sure you
           | wouldn't appreciate it if someone showed up at your place of
           | work and harassed you for no good reason other than Internet
           | clout.
        
             | jschwartzi wrote:
             | It's disingenuous to say we, as the public, have no
             | interest in what the police do while discharging their
             | duties. It is a public office, after all.
             | 
             | And I think the activities of the police should be
             | scrutinized heavily because they have an incredible amount
             | of power and are accorded a very wide latitude. The police
             | are the only people who can legally shoot you and not be
             | tried. They can arrest you and throw you in jail. They can
             | charge you with crimes, invade your house, and smear your
             | reputation with the public. A police officer with a
             | vendetta can absolutely ruin your life if not outright take
             | it from you.
             | 
             | So yes, I think it should be okay for people to video the
             | police going about their business.
        
               | sevenf0ur wrote:
               | A cop playing a Beatles song in the background does not
               | prevent you from recording. These live streamers are not
               | recording the police to hold them accountable. They
               | antagonize officers who can't do anything about it, then
               | upload that interaction online for monetization.
        
               | jawns wrote:
               | > They antagonize officers who can't do anything about it
               | 
               | The officers can't do anything about it because _it 's
               | not illegal_ to film police officers in public while
               | carrying out their official duties. It's a
               | constitutionally protected activity.
               | 
               | Is it at times obnoxious? Sure. (Although in many cases,
               | these videos capture police officers behaving badly,
               | rather than live-streamers behaving badly.)
               | 
               | A lot of First Amendment protected activity is irritating
               | to at least some people. Cursing at police is, in
               | general, a First Amendment protected activity, and I
               | don't suspect a lot of officers appreciate that, either.
               | But the entire point of the First Amendment is to protect
               | activity that other people might not like.
        
               | sevenf0ur wrote:
               | Precisely my point. The officers are required to sit
               | there and take verbal abuse. I can't begrudge them for
               | taking out their phone and playing a song. It doesn't
               | hinder your ability to record the police and it gets
               | annoying people to leave.
        
               | jschwartzi wrote:
               | If that's the case, the cop can arrest them for
               | harassment and use the video as evidence.
        
       | tzs wrote:
       | I wonder if the copyright owners could do something to stop the
       | officers? What the officers are doing is probably a public
       | performance and those generally requires permission of the
       | copyright owner.
       | 
       | There are some exceptions, such as for playing a radio or TV
       | broadcast at businesses that are under certain sizes specified in
       | square feet. I think the officers were probably playing recording
       | from their phones or using a streaming service, which I don't
       | think the exception cover. And even if those exceptions do apply,
       | the officers are doing this outside--how many square feet is
       | outside?
       | 
       | There was also a 2020 Supreme Court ruling that state governments
       | were not liable for copyright violations because they have
       | sovereign immunity. That sovereign immunity can be taken away by
       | Congress, and I believe there has been some talk of doing so, but
       | for now they are immune.
       | 
       | According to this law firm [1] that does not apply to local
       | governments. They might still be liable for copyright
       | infringement.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.hodgsonruss.com/newsroom-publications-11717.html
        
         | spoonjim wrote:
         | Except no record executives are going to sue the Beverly Hills
         | PD because they all live in Beverly Hills and those cops can
         | and will make their lives a living hell.
        
         | burkaman wrote:
         | It is almost impossible to prosecute police for straightforward
         | violent crimes, I don't think anybody is going to get them on
         | copyright infringement.
        
           | mobilemidget wrote:
           | Don't underestimate Hollywood and alike :)
           | 
           | But I can imagine that playing certain music for a large
           | crowd requires a specific license? Something like a radio
           | station?
        
           | nitwit005 wrote:
           | The issue is a failure to pay for something. The cops are
           | deliberately causing the music to be broadcast without paying
           | for the right to do so.
           | 
           | I don't see an argument that cops shouldn't have to pay for
           | things working in court.
        
           | justaguy88 wrote:
           | It might be easier with copyright, since it wont rely on the
           | local prosecutor to do anything, the artist can sue
        
             | retrac wrote:
             | The copyright holder could sue, which is rarely the artist.
             | In this case it would be Sony.
        
               | tzs wrote:
               | Paul McCartney got the Beatles catalog back from Sony in
               | mid-2017 [1].
               | 
               | [1] https://liveforlivemusic.com/news/paul-mccartney-
               | beatles-rig...
        
           | nipponese wrote:
           | Can the state actually prosecute copyright infringement? I
           | thought the suit needs to be brought forward by a private
           | plaintiff .
        
           | dragonwriter wrote:
           | > It is almost impossible to prosecute police for
           | straightforward violent crimes,
           | 
           | That's because criminal prosecution is limited to people who
           | have a professional dependency on cooperation by LEOs.
           | 
           | Civil prosecution does not, and while individual officers may
           | have qualified immunity, state/local government agencies,
           | including police departments, have no legal privilege to
           | disregard copyright.
        
             | hellohello1 wrote:
             | Very true! I bet the RRIA is going to get right on filing a
             | suit against that officer.
        
               | kordlessagain wrote:
               | The officer didn't do anything wrong and just because
               | police are sometimes unreasonable or unethical, it
               | doesn't mean this officer was either. The officer has a
               | right to do whatever he wants with his phone as well. He
               | could be recording with it, or he can play music with it,
               | without recourse. It's his right to life, liberty and the
               | pursuit of happiness that protects him, not the
               | constitution or being an officer.
               | 
               | If someone wants to film him, and then use the power of
               | the Internet to amplify that video to be viewed by many,
               | as is their current right, then they will simply have to
               | do additional work to ensure they are not transmitting
               | the officer's "tunes" to others. Take the time to edit
               | the video provides a means to still publish. Not as easy
               | as clicking submit, but still available as an option,
               | without making a sensationalist claim that music is being
               | "weaponized" by anyone.
               | 
               | People using straw man arguments to "weaponize" language
               | and then place it online where it becomes divisive.
               | That's more of a story than some dude using his phone in
               | a clever way to protect from being video mobbed.
               | 
               | I am aware your comment may be sarcasm, so there's that.
        
               | rodone wrote:
               | This is the dumbest possible take.
        
               | gremlinsinc wrote:
               | If he's on duty he does not have that right.
               | 
               | A 16 year old working at McDonald's does not have the
               | right to ignore the boss and play a gameboy (I was 16 in
               | the 90's).
               | 
               | Banning music outside cop cars, or over the loud speaker,
               | or on mobile devices while on duty does seem like
               | something they definitely could do and would be within
               | the law.
        
             | tehjoker wrote:
             | Police and corporations have a special relationship. The
             | corporations sell things and concentrate wealth, the police
             | prevent other people from breaking the rules and
             | redistributing it. This is one reason why the right talks
             | up respecting the police and the sanctity of private
             | property.
             | 
             | Suffice it to say, corporations are happy when the police
             | find ways to let them exercise additional power that
             | doesn't directly threaten their interests. What do they
             | care if there's a fun song going on in the background if it
             | lets police rough people up at their behest?
        
               | tzs wrote:
               | Do police and Paul McCartney have a special relationship?
               | He owns the copyright to one of the songs the police
               | played.
               | 
               | (For those who remember that Michael Jackson bought the
               | Beatles catalog a few years ago and are wondering how
               | McCartney has the rights, Jackson later sold it to Sony.
               | When the songs became old enough, McCartney attempted to
               | use the recapture provision of the Copyright Act of 1976
               | [1], 17 USC 203 [2]. Sony fought this, but in mid-2017
               | they settled and the rights went back to McCartney).
               | 
               | [1] https://www.legalzoom.com/articles/recapturing-
               | copyrights-a-...
               | 
               | [2] https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/203
        
         | gspr wrote:
         | > There was also a 2020 Supreme Court ruling that state
         | governments were not liable for copyright violations because
         | they have sovereign immunity.
         | 
         | What, what? Does this mean that state governments can freely
         | pirate software for example?
        
           | tzs wrote:
           | For now it appears so [1][2].
           | 
           | [1] https://itsartlaw.org/2020/05/11/case-review-allen-v-
           | cooper-...
           | 
           | [2]
           | https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/19pdf/18-877_dc8f.pdf
        
             | toast0 wrote:
             | What about if you're a company doing that Nevada company
             | town thing? Hmmm
        
               | elil17 wrote:
               | Cities and counties don't have sovereign immunity.
               | Sovereign immunity is a holdover from Britain, where you
               | couldn't sue the ruler or any of their assets. Because
               | states started out viewing themselves as independent
               | countries, sovereign immunity was extended to them by
               | courts. Smaller governments have never had sovereign
               | immunity.
        
               | User23 wrote:
               | Totally incorrect. The courts didn't and can't grant the
               | States sovereignty. They were sovereign states before
               | entering the union and they relinquished some of their
               | sovereign powers by signing the constitution, but
               | certainly not all of them, or indeed any at all that
               | aren't explicitly enumerated in the constitution.
        
               | elil17 wrote:
               | What I mean to say is that sovereign immunity is part of
               | common law (and thus was extended to the states not by
               | statute but by judges)
        
               | skissane wrote:
               | > Totally incorrect. The courts didn't and can't grant
               | the States sovereignty. They were sovereign states before
               | entering the union and they relinquished some of their
               | sovereign powers by signing the constitution
               | 
               | The original 13 colonies, Vermont and Texas were all
               | independent sovereign states before joining the United
               | States as states. However, the other 35 states were
               | federal territories to which Congress granted statehood.
               | Whatever sovereignty they have was given to them by the
               | United States Congress, acting under the United States
               | Constitution, it did not in any way pre-exist the
               | Constitution.
               | 
               | (Hawaii was an independent sovereign state before being
               | annexed into a US territory after a US-backed coup; to
               | the extent that the present state of Hawaii has
               | "sovereignty", it is unclear what relationship that had
               | to the sovereignty of the independent Kingdom of Hawaii.)
        
               | User23 wrote:
               | I wondered if we'd see this quibble. The constitution
               | explicitly says that the newly created states are "on an
               | equal footing with the original States in all respects
               | whatever" which obviously means they must have the same
               | sovereignty. Yes, nearly all of the subsequent states
               | after the first thirteen came into existence as sovereign
               | states and joined the union simultaneously as part of a
               | single process, but those remain distinct events.
        
               | skissane wrote:
               | Are they really sovereign though?
               | 
               | Consider Brexit. When the UK wanted to leave, the EU said
               | "we are sad to see you go, please reconsider, but if you
               | really want out, we can't stop you". There was some
               | negotiation over the terms of leaving, but there was
               | never any doubt that the UK had the right to do so. And
               | it was always made clear that if agreement could not be
               | reached on the terms of leaving, the UK would leave
               | anyway, under "default" or "no deal" terms that would be
               | rather unsatisfactory to both sides.
               | 
               | By contrast, the mainstream position is that US states
               | are not allowed to leave - at least not without the
               | consent of the federal level (Congress), and many say it
               | would even require a constitutional amendment (which
               | would mean the consent of most of the other states would
               | be required as well). So there is a very clear sense in
               | which EU member states are sovereign (they are free to
               | leave) but the US states are not (they have to ask
               | permission to leave, which may well be denied.)
               | 
               | The Civil War really settled this when a group of states
               | tried to leave and their attempt was forcibly suppressed.
               | Now, what complicates the issue is their reason for
               | leaving was to protect the utterly odious and
               | reprehensible institution of race-based slavery. But,
               | there is no necessary connection between the issues of
               | slavery and secession, it is just a historical accident
               | the two got linked.
               | 
               | Some people who opposed secession, and supported the
               | Union side in the War, did so primarily because of their
               | opposition to slavery. And if you imagine some
               | alternative history in which a group of states (whether
               | the same group or a different one) seceded over some
               | other more defensible issue, many of those people might
               | have not opposed secession, or at least not so strongly.
               | But, on the other hand, other people who supported the
               | Union side, their primary concern was anti-secessionism
               | rather than slavery, and they would have opposed
               | secession over some other more defensible issue just as
               | strongly. A secession over some other issue might still
               | have led to a civil war, which could easily have had the
               | same anti-secessionist outcome.
               | 
               | Finally, whatever "sovereignty" the US states have is
               | really at the mercy of the Supreme Court. The Supreme
               | Court is free to interpret the notion of "sovereignty" as
               | broadly or as narrowly as it wishes, and a future Supreme
               | Court could even turn it into a dead letter, a purely
               | theoretical notion - and since they appoint the Supreme
               | Court, the President and Senate have the ability in the
               | long-run to influence the Supreme Court's positions. In
               | recent times, the Supreme Court has been majority
               | conservative-leaning, and conservatives are probably
               | somewhat more sympathetic to the notion of "state
               | sovereignty" than liberals/progressives are - but, I
               | think the current conservative majority is mostly just a
               | historical accident, the conservative side got lucky, it
               | has had a liberal/progressive majority in the past and
               | could well be again at some point in the future.
        
           | Mountain_Skies wrote:
           | Sure but with more and more software becoming cloud based,
           | pirating wouldn't help them much with their most commonly
           | used software such as Microsoft Office. Might become an issue
           | for specialty software that has a high price tag due to being
           | useful for only a handful of users.
        
           | BitwiseFool wrote:
           | I hate to be a cynic, but governments can do as they damn-
           | well please.
        
           | dehrmann wrote:
           | It also has interesting implications for programs like
           | government-run healthcare where you have zero power if you
           | agree with a decision. At least _in theory_ you can sue a
           | private insurer for breach of contract if they don 't cover
           | what they promised.
        
           | dehrmann wrote:
           | This is from my American Constitutional History memory from
           | 10+ years ago, so it could be very wrong, but I remember
           | something about if they government sues you, they waive
           | sovereign immunity for a counter suit. If that's the case,
           | just withhold taxes owed in that state and see what happens.
        
             | munk-a wrote:
             | Please consult an accountant, lawyer and your local clergy
             | before trying. Withholding taxes can result in some nasty
             | penalties.
        
         | ngngngng wrote:
         | Let's not throw a bandaid on a flesh wound.
         | 
         | What we need is strong, fast acting civilian oversight over the
         | police to punish any that get up to shenanigans like this.
        
           | austincheney wrote:
           | Punish police from playing music? Seriously, a flesh wound?
           | Let's call this a catastrophic decapitation that demands
           | immediate jail time without possibility for parole like human
           | trafficking and serial-arson.
        
             | ngngngng wrote:
             | The "flesh wound" in question is complete lack of
             | accountability and oversight of police officers, not this
             | one instance of them playing music.
        
               | austincheney wrote:
               | The subject literally is about two police officers in
               | Beverly Hills who played music. There is no mention of
               | brutality, any violation, or any history of violations.
        
         | ClumsyPilot wrote:
         | I would rather have police playing music and have our lawmakers
         | cleanup the cesspooll that is current copyright law.
         | 
         | There is no reason a poloce department could not actually
         | purchise right to some random tune, and play it publically and
         | ligitimately, and that would still get your videos banned.
        
         | Veserv wrote:
         | Invoking copyright law is unnecessary. It is far simpler and
         | more narrow to claim that they are engaging in the willful
         | destruction or concealment of evidence which is a violation of
         | California Penal Code 135 PC [1][2].
         | 
         | How so?
         | 
         | 1. There is a video recording. This is specifically mentioned
         | as a protected category.
         | 
         | 2. The video recording of officer conduct prior to and during
         | an arrest constitutes material evidence. Recordings of officer
         | conduct have been entered into evidence previously, so this
         | fulfills the requirement that it be evidence.
         | 
         | 3. Officer conduct prior to and during an arrest constitutes an
         | inquiry or investigation. This article indicates that actions
         | prior to an arrest constitute pre-arrest investigation [3] and
         | thus fulfills that requirement.
         | 
         | 4. Copyrighted music in the video recording reduces the
         | discoverability of the evidence possibly to the degree of non-
         | discoverability when it previously would have been
         | discoverable. This appears to be at least concealment.
         | 
         | 5. The accusation that the officers are deliberately playing
         | copyrighted music resulting in the reduced discoverability.
         | This fulfills the willfulness requirement.
         | 
         | 1-4 establish that the specific outcomes observed constitute
         | the hiding of evidence. It should be uncontroversial that the
         | evidence has become less discoverable. 5 is then the only
         | material question, which is whether it was done with the intent
         | to cause the concealment of evidence.
         | 
         | Based on the above logic, I think it is fairly safe to say
         | that, if they are doing as claimed, then they are violating
         | California Penal Code 135 PC. The only part in the above logic
         | that seems weak is point 3 as I am not sure if it is actually
         | an inquiry or investigation. If point 3 is invalid, then I
         | think the best thing to do would be to amend it to include
         | officer conduct during pre-arrest investigation with respect to
         | the eventually arrested party. This is a far better option than
         | invoking copyright law as it would be narrowly defined to only
         | target the specific willful action that seems unethical which
         | is intentionally playing copyrighted music to prevent the
         | posting of video recordings.
         | 
         | [1] https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySecti
         | o....
         | 
         | [2] https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/defense/penal-
         | code/135/#:~:text....
         | 
         | [3] https://law.lclark.edu/live/news/5498-what-are-some-
         | common-s....
        
         | User23 wrote:
         | > I wonder if the copyright owners could do something to stop
         | the officers?
         | 
         | The copyright owners probably live in Beverly Hills and are
         | quite alright with their police keeping the riff-raff out.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | I know everyone is looking for a loophole to prosecute these
         | officers
         | 
         | But let's not rush to make listening to music on the job
         | illegal. That wasn't the intent of copyright laws that prohibit
         | public performance.
        
           | RIMR wrote:
           | I think it's more important to focus on is the rationality of
           | enforcing copyright law against music captured in the
           | background of a video. Fair use should be much more broad.
           | 
           | So long as the video isn't produced for profit, the producer
           | isn't unfairly benefitting off the presence of the music in
           | the video, and the quality of the audio doesn't compete with
           | that of a commercial recording, I don't see the issue.
        
             | 1MoreThing wrote:
             | These rules were created specifically because so many
             | people were profiting off the ad revenue of music in
             | videos. There's not a simple way to determine if the audio
             | just happens to be in the background or if the content
             | producer is benefiting from the inclusion of music they
             | don't have rights to.
        
               | gowld wrote:
               | It's trivial: demonetize the video, or extract the
               | standard license fee from the ad revenue. YouTube already
               | knows how to do this.
        
           | dahart wrote:
           | > let's not rush to make listening to music on the job
           | illegal.
           | 
           | I'm wondering if it already is illegal for police officers
           | who wear body cams, even when their routine video is not
           | public record. They are recordings intended for other people,
           | and they also can become public record when use of force is
           | involved, as I understand it.
        
             | PragmaticPulp wrote:
             | As far as I can tell, these recordings are from an
             | uninvolved 3rd party who has several social media accounts
             | dedicated to recording the police, from which he sells
             | merchandise.
             | 
             | This isn't a case of victims being drowned out of rightful
             | conversations during arrests. This is a 3rd party trying to
             | insert themselves into police duties and provoke a response
             | while recording.
             | 
             | His Instagram accounts for these videos promote his anti-
             | cop merchandise. It appears the videos haven't actually
             | been taken down. I'm sure he's loving the attention,
             | though.
        
           | MisterBastahrd wrote:
           | Yeah, because I know that when I am trying to speak clearly
           | to another human being in an emotionally heightened
           | situation, I always do it while listening to my favorite
           | jams.
        
             | PragmaticPulp wrote:
             | The person doing the recording operates multiple Instagram
             | accounts where he tries to provoke reactions from cops who
             | are trying to do their job. He sells anti-police
             | merchandise through these accounts.
             | 
             | It's not correct to suggest that this was a routine
             | interaction with police.
             | 
             | Despite the headline, the videos are still up on his social
             | media accounts.
        
           | phjesusthatguy3 wrote:
           | oh stop
        
           | SilasX wrote:
           | Agreed, but I think it's at least a defensible case if you
           | activate the music _specifically_ and _only_ when you know
           | you 're being recorded for a mass audience.
        
             | PragmaticPulp wrote:
             | So the officers just claim they always listen to music?
             | 
             | Or that they were simply trying to send a message that they
             | were done with the conversation with someone who is
             | following them around on the job? Which seems to be the
             | case here, honestly.
             | 
             | Or that they didn't know that a random person with a phone
             | had a massive YouTube following combined with intent to
             | post this video online?
             | 
             | I know everyone wants to stick it to these cops, but let's
             | be realistic. Normally HN is very against weaponizing
             | copyright law, but the second it feels useful for their
             | purposes we're flooded with comments from people who want
             | to misuse copyright law as a weapon.
        
               | bmicraft wrote:
               | Maybe they should turn it down a bit while on the job?
               | There is no reason the music should to be heard outside
               | their car.
        
               | mc32 wrote:
               | Hmmm, I'd like to see this applied to many a teenager
               | eager to have me listen to their choice of music for free
               | from afar.
        
               | monocasa wrote:
               | I hold police to a higher professional standard than I do
               | lackadaisical teenagers.
        
               | mc32 wrote:
               | Both are playing music loudly and projecting it openly.
               | Either it's allowed for all or allowed for none. I'm good
               | with either decision as long as it's consistent.
        
               | renewiltord wrote:
               | I think that's fair. So all you have to do is make it
               | fair for everyone. We should allow the teenager to arrest
               | the policeman.
        
               | mc32 wrote:
               | You can if the offender, police or not, is on the
               | commission of a crime. You do not however have the wiggle
               | room of reasonable suspicion. If you wish to arrest based
               | on reasonable suspicion, all you need to is attend the
               | academy pass whatever they need you to pass and voila, a
               | newly minted officer who can make arrests based
               | reasonable suspicion.
        
               | renewiltord wrote:
               | Right, and if all the officer wants to do is play music,
               | he just has to take off his gun, uniform, and badge.
               | Seems like it's fair to me. He could even dress like the
               | teenager if he likes.
        
               | monocasa wrote:
               | You practically cannot make a citizen's arrest against a
               | police officer in the states.
               | 
               | Also, you need more than having passed the academy to
               | become an officer of the law that can make standard, non-
               | citizen's arrests.
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | My employer expects me to keep my music quiet (preferably
               | confined to my ears only) when I am at the office. At
               | home I can play it loud enough that the neighbors can
               | hear it, and that's okay. I'm fine with professional
               | officers being held to different standards when they are
               | on duty.
        
               | andrewflnr wrote:
               | As a potential neighbor: no, it's not ok. If I can hear
               | your music, you are intruding in my space. I need at
               | least one place on the planet where I can get some actual
               | quiet without earplugs.
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | I hear my neighbors all the time. They start up their
               | cars, play basketball in the street, play music in their
               | garage workshop, etc. There are myriad sounds that happen
               | all day long when you live around other people. If you
               | require silence then you choose not to live in a
               | community.
        
               | andrewflnr wrote:
               | Just because some noises are unavoidable doesn't make it
               | less inconsiderate to knowingly inflict them on people.
               | Music in particular has relatively long duration, is by
               | nature harder to ignore than many of the incidental
               | noises you mentioned, and is easily contained in
               | headphones.
               | 
               | Your last sentence is a common fallacy: just because I
               | pick a certain set of annoyances on a scale of trade-offs
               | (in this case, the scale of living in an apartment to
               | living in the wilderness) doesn't mean I am required to
               | unquestioningly soak up all those annoyances. If that's
               | your logic, you could never speak up about any problem
               | you could in principle escape from, even if that escape
               | would result in bigger problems. This "leave if you don't
               | like it" approach to criticism, where leaving is very
               | expensive and especially where the solution is very
               | cheap, is also not ok (as it more obviously would not be
               | ok in a political context).
               | 
               | I'm not asking for a lot. Just use headphones.
        
               | mc32 wrote:
               | What about a job site? Can they play loudly if the
               | company or the foreman or forewoman allows it? Is it
               | unprofessional if they play it loudly?
        
               | monocasa wrote:
               | A jobsite has different and looser standards of
               | professional conduct than what the police should be
               | generally held to, yes.
        
               | mc32 wrote:
               | I don't think the cruiser is subject to your elevated
               | standards.
               | 
               | This is a classic case of double standards. We want one
               | set of standards god people we agree with and another set
               | of standards for people we disagree with.
               | 
               | To avoid this, we institute a standard across the board
               | for everyone, like them or dislike them.
        
               | monocasa wrote:
               | Your entire premise was on what could be heard outside
               | the cruiser.
               | 
               | And yes, it's fundamentally OK to hold police to a higher
               | standard than the general public, including literal
               | children. I'm not sure why this is in question.
        
               | slowhand09 wrote:
               | How about criminals? Higher standards for them? Maybe
               | that music they play while filming the knockout game, or
               | stuff for Worldstar?
        
               | monocasa wrote:
               | I'm not even sure what you're going off about.
               | 
               | But yes, I hold the police to higher standards of
               | professional conduct than I do common criminals.
        
               | slowhand09 wrote:
               | I guess I'm triggered by people who feel the need to get
               | in officers faces and video them when they are trying to
               | do their jobs. I'm sure my privilege is showing, but cops
               | don't hassle me because I don't do stupid stuff. I don't
               | deal or use drugs, beat my significant other, steal cars,
               | etc. My last interaction with a cop was getting pulled
               | for not having a front tag on my car. "No prob officer,
               | I'll take care of it." I don't make a thing of it when
               | somebody "disses" me. I don't "not show for court" or
               | anything else that causes me to be flagged for
               | outstanding warrants.
               | 
               | I'm not saying there aren't some abusive, nasty cops out
               | there. But the "nice" cops aren't so effective when
               | dealing with nasty people.
               | 
               | Number 1 way to prevent violence during arrests, or avoid
               | arrest is (Ding Ding!) BE RESPECTFUL.
        
               | monocasa wrote:
               | I'm going to go out on a limb and guess that you're white
               | and present as middle class or above?
        
               | throwawayboise wrote:
               | And are you as well?
        
               | monocasa wrote:
               | I drive a beater, which is enough to commonly be pulled
               | over with police starting off with a disrespectful
               | demeanor from them. I've gotten "are you employed, son?"
               | as the beginning interaction even before "do you know why
               | I pulled you over?" multiple times. You can watch them
               | re-calibrate in real time when they get the answer "yes,
               | I'm a software engineer".
               | 
               | So initially I don't present as middle class, but once
               | they get a hint of the fact that I am, you can watch them
               | change their behavior nearly instantly. Other times, they
               | don't ask questions like that and have then for instance
               | lied about my drivers license being revoked, taken it,
               | and then pretended like that never happened later,
               | requiring my dash cam footage to even get them to admit
               | they pulled me over.
               | 
               | My friends of color aren't typically even given the
               | chance to re-calibrate their class position to the police
               | by being asked questions like that.
        
               | throwaway2245 wrote:
               | I think the video evidence people wish to collect is
               | exactly the evidence that you are wrong - that people get
               | arrested (or perhaps brutalized, or killed) despite being
               | wholly respectful.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > So the officers just claim they always listen to music?
               | 
               | > Or that they were simply trying to send a message that
               | they were done with the conversation with someone who is
               | following them around on the job? Which seems to be the
               | case here, honestly.
               | 
               | > Or that they didn't know that a random person with a
               | phone had a massive YouTube following combined with
               | intent to post this video online?
               | 
               | They can _claim_ those things, sure. But liability
               | (especially civil liability, which is need only be
               | established by preponderance of the evidence, not beyond
               | a reasonable doubt like criminal liability) doesn 't go
               | away just because you can present a narrative which is
               | possibly true which would provide an innocent
               | explanation.
               | 
               | Moreover, if a department pays the cost of litigating a
               | couple cases where officers actions in this regard are
               | challenged, they'll have a strong incentive to adopt
               | policies which prevent the dispute from occurring.
        
               | sjg007 wrote:
               | It's probably against policy to listen to music while on
               | the beat and definitely when interacting with the public.
        
               | PragmaticPulp wrote:
               | On the contrary, I wouldn't be surprised if this was a
               | de-escalation tactic for dealing with stalkers.
               | 
               | If you watch the video (which is available in the
               | previous article and all over social media, contrary to
               | the narrative) it's clear that the person is trying to
               | get a rise out of the police officers by following them
               | around and badgering them for content on his social media
               | channels. He even went so far as to watermark the video
               | with his social media handles. It's clear that the
               | officers are tired of dealing with him and being followed
               | around while trying to do their jobs.
        
               | monkmartinez wrote:
               | I totally agree with you. There are lots of people that
               | do this to EMS as well. Fortunately, I have HIPPA to get
               | these people away from scenes. Unfortunately, there are a
               | ton of people that have nothing better to do than
               | film/jibe/harangue police and fire/EMS in the course of
               | their duties. We know a lot of them on a first name basis
               | including bday, medical history and how many times we
               | have given them narcan... as we often find them with
               | needles in their arms overdosed.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | > Fortunately, I have HIPPA to get these people away from
               | scenes.
               | 
               | HIPAA, and you don't. (I'm sure the claim works on
               | people, though.)
               | 
               | https://www.ems1.com/ems-products/cameras-
               | video/articles/pho...
               | 
               | > Your basic HIPAA obligation when it comes to the press
               | is very simple. Don't divulge any patient medical
               | information to a journalist. Don't discuss patient
               | specifics within hearing or recording distance, at least
               | not in great detail. Don't write notes where they can be
               | read. If you have a clipboard with medical information,
               | turn it over so it can't be seen in a photograph.
               | 
               | > Your HIPAA obligation does not, however, require you to
               | stop me or others from taking images at the scene.
               | 
               | Can you keep them at a somewhat reasonable distance? Yes.
               | Out of the scene entirely? Generally no, barring a hazmat
               | incident or something where _you 'd_ need to be getting
               | out too.
        
               | monkmartinez wrote:
               | Journalists and provocateur's have nothing in common.
               | Journalists, in my experience, are very easy to work
               | with. They understand and appreciate the stress of the
               | situations first responders deal with 24/7 and are keen
               | to keep their jobs generally. That is, filming and then
               | posting someone bleeding out to Instagram is a quick way
               | to get sued. Journalists, in my experience have a common
               | sense of decency that provocateur's lack. There is a
               | massive gap between professionals working a scene and
               | bystanders provoking first responders to get likes.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | That you like some of the people exercising their First
               | Amendment rights more than others is irrelevant.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | It would be a very dangerous precedent to deem this
               | stalking.
        
               | PragmaticPulp wrote:
               | From the videos (which have not been removed, despite
               | what the headline suggests) it appears the person is
               | following police officers around on the street, trying to
               | provoke reactions while he films, and posting the videos
               | with police names to his Instagram accounts where he
               | sells anti-police merch.
               | 
               | I don't condone the police behavior, but it's clear that
               | the person recording is not a hero or even blameless.
               | He's running a business that profits from anti-police
               | sentiment and promoting it with these videos.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | All of what you have described is entirely legal.
        
               | monkmartinez wrote:
               | So what you are saying is, the police officer should
               | start following that provocateur around on his day off
               | with a camera? Film the guy who is filming the police
               | officers! I like it!
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | No, that's a complete misunderstanding of the law on
               | this.
               | 
               | If you antagonize and film a police officer _while they
               | are off-duty_ , that is inappropriate; potentially
               | stalking and harassment. Same in the other direction. The
               | courts have thus far determined there are specific rights
               | to filming police _while engaged in their duties_ ; not
               | just for press, but for citizens in general.
               | 
               | Filming: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glik_v._Cunniffe
               | 
               | Antagonizing: https://www.wired.com/2013/01/flipping-off-
               | cop-case/
        
               | sprayk wrote:
               | How would it be dangerous?
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | I wouldn't have thought it'd require explanation.
               | 
               | "I am filming you, a public official, doing something bad
               | in your official capacity."
               | 
               | "You are now under arrest for stalking."
        
               | tonyg wrote:
               | > Normally HN is very against weaponizing copyright law
               | 
               | I mean, a good chunk of the people here are GPL fans, and
               | if that's not a weaponization of copyright law, I don't
               | know what is.
        
             | gowld wrote:
             | The police are being obnoxious but they are exploiting the
             | streaming platforms and the rightsholders. That's where the
             | problem is.
             | 
             | It doesn't making any sense to ask the rightsholders to
             | pressure the police to stop using a tactic that only works
             | _because the rightholders want it to work_.
        
           | woah wrote:
           | Are you serious? You're telling me you think police officers
           | should go around blasting tunes on a boom box? Seems like a
           | serious lack of professionalism. What a straw man
        
             | PragmaticPulp wrote:
             | No, I did not say that at all.
             | 
             | The videos in question are still online. They haven't been
             | removed. It's clear that the person filming is following
             | police around, trying to provoke a reaction for his
             | Instagram accounts where he sells anti-cop merchandise.
        
         | minitoar wrote:
         | I really don't think this is the right approach. Plenty of
         | motorcycles have speakers built in, and they're blasting
         | Creedence all the time. They should be allowed to.
        
           | BEEdwards wrote:
           | No one wants to hear your shitty music, get headphones.
        
             | carlob wrote:
             | or your engine for that matter, get a bicycle!
        
             | pbourke wrote:
             | Early in the evenin' just about supper time       Over by
             | the courthouse they're starting to unwind       Four kids
             | on the corner trying to bring you up       "Headphones,
             | please" you shout at them "and kindly shut the fuck up"
        
             | minitoar wrote:
             | That sir is illegal. I have to blast Creedence or I can't
             | hear it over the wind noise. I think there are laws about
             | how you shouldn't be able to hear music above a certain
             | volume at a certain distance from a vehicle, but I haven't
             | heard of it being applied to motorcycles.
        
             | josephpmay wrote:
             | In many states that is illegal
        
           | tzs wrote:
           | The law is quite capable of distinguishing between someone
           | listening to music for their own enjoyment that happens to be
           | overheard by others, and someone intentionally directing
           | music at strangers for purposes of furthering their own
           | business interests.
           | 
           | What the officers are doing seems more akin to a business use
           | to me, since they are doing it to affect how they can perform
           | their job, so I'm curious if they need to license the songs.
        
             | matthewdgreen wrote:
             | The problem is that the law is not all that capable of
             | distinguishing this. It requires making a determination of
             | intent, which is always blurry. Moreover, police officers
             | will almost certainly claim that they were listening to
             | music for personal reasons rather than trying to intimidate
             | constitutionally protected filming -- and the courts will
             | give them enormous amounts of deference because of their
             | position.
        
               | RIMR wrote:
               | So the issue is that police will regularly and
               | maliciously lie and nobody will ever hold them
               | responsible for doing so.
        
               | toomim wrote:
               | The issue is that you are pretending you can read police
               | officers' minds and know their intent. And then you claim
               | it's the worst possible intent.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | Matticus_Rex wrote:
               | A finder of fact under the law is totally capable of
               | distinguishing this, though you're right that police get
               | lots of deference from both judge and jury. That said, in
               | this case I just don't think the "I was just listening
               | for personal reasons" defense is at all plausible.
        
         | blendergeek wrote:
         | I believe that the state has sovereign immunity and can commit
         | copyright infringement without any repercussions. [0]
         | 
         | [0] https://www.copyright.gov/policy/state-sovereign-immunity/
        
         | bonestamp2 wrote:
         | They should just write a law that includes diegetic music in
         | not for profit non-fiction public servant videos in fair use.
         | Then if your video gets flagged you can indicate it is fair
         | use.
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | No change in the law is necessary; it's already fair use.
           | 
           | Compare https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.mad.
           | 220892/... :
           | 
           | > Monsarrat raises a copyright infringement claim against
           | Newman involving the republication of a comment he originally
           | posted in the Davis Square LiveJournal community in 2010
           | 
           | > Newman contends that Monsarrat has failed to state an
           | actionable claim because the allegations in the FAC establish
           | his entitlement to a fair use defense.
           | 
           | > The Copyright Act codifies four non-exclusive factors
           | relevant to the fair use inquiry:
           | 
           | > (1) the purpose and character of the use, including whether
           | such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit
           | educational purposes;
           | 
           | > (2) the nature of the copyrighted work;
           | 
           | > (3) the amount and substantiality of the portion used in
           | relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; and
           | 
           | > (4) the effect of the use upon the potential market for or
           | value of the copyrighted work.
           | 
           | > drawing all reasonable inferences in Monsarrat's favor, the
           | court agrees that the FAC establishes Newman's entitlement to
           | a fair use defense as a matter of law.
           | 
           | > As to the first factor, it is clear from the face of the
           | FAC [...], that Newman did not publish the copyrighted post
           | for the same purposes for which Monsarrat initially created
           | it.
           | 
           | > Monsarrat submitted the original post to highlight
           | LiveJournal's harassment policy and demand deletion of other
           | posts on the community website which he viewed as violative.
           | The Dreamwidth reproduction, on the other hand, was created
           | solely for historical and preservationist purposes. See _Bill
           | Graham Archives v. Dorling Kindersley Ltd._ , [...] (finding
           | that the use of concert posters in a book on the history of
           | the Grateful Dead served a different purpose than the
           | original purpose of "artistic expression and promotion"
           | because defendant used the concert posters "as historical
           | artifacts to document and represent the actual occurrence of
           | Grateful Dead concert events"); _Stern v. Does_ , [...]
           | (finding that defendants' forwarding by email of a
           | copyrighted post "conveyed the fact of the post rather than
           | its underlying message" and "thus had a substantially
           | different purpose than the post itself")
           | 
           | > Turning to the second factor, the "nature of the
           | copyrighted work," the balance again tips in Newman's favor.
           | The post largely repeats the LiveJournal harassment policy, a
           | factual matter
           | 
           | > The third factor, "the amount and substantiality of the
           | portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole,"
           | "focus[es] upon whether the extent of... copying is
           | consistent with or more than necessary to further the purpose
           | and character of the use."
           | 
           | > see also _Haberman_ , [...] ("[I]t has long been recognized
           | that a commentator may fairly reproduce as much of the
           | original, copyrighted work as is necessary to his proper
           | purpose.").
           | 
           | > This factor is neutral. Newman copied Monsarrat's post in
           | full, but a full reproduction is consistent with historical
           | and preservationist purposes.
           | 
           | > Finally, the fourth factor, "the effect of the use upon the
           | potential market for or value of the copyrighted work" - "the
           | single most important element of fair use," Harper & Row,
           | [...] - weighs against Monsarrat. There is no plausible
           | market for the copyrighted post and thus no likelihood that
           | Newman's reproduction could have any harmful market
           | consequences.
           | 
           | Applying that to the case of a police officer playing
           | copyrighted music into a livestream of police officer
           | behavior, it is obvious that the first factor
           | ("transformative use") favors the streamer, who is both
           | documenting and commenting on the behavior of the police; the
           | second factor favors the copyright owner ("music sold
           | commercially"); the third factor may range from neutrality to
           | favoring the streamer, depending on how much music _the
           | police officer_ chooses to play -- in the example here, the
           | streamer is favored -- and the fourth factor favors the
           | copyright owner.
           | 
           | However, there is a compelling case that, no matter how much
           | music the officer plays, that is the appropriate amount for
           | the streamer to record -- first, the purpose of documenting
           | what the police are doing is not served by censoring what
           | they do, but additionally, the more egregious the copying,
           | the more noteworthy the officer's behavior is.
           | 
           | Furthermore, while it is possible that a video of police
           | behavior in which everyone is respectfully silent while
           | _Santeria_ plays might substitute for other means of
           | consuming the song, it is extremely unlikely, which
           | trivializes the impact of the fourth factor. Here (
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k3ZeUL4fRyk ) is a YouTube
           | video consisting of the song played over a background of the
           | album art. And here (
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AEYN5w4T_aM ) is another
           | YouTube video, from "TheofficialSublime", of the official
           | music video of the song. It is not plausible that consumers
           | seeking to consume the song for enjoyment would prefer the
           | cop video to either of those, or even that they might be more
           | likely to find the cop video.
        
         | mjh2539 wrote:
         | The police officer didn't make and distribute the recording. No
         | dice.
        
       | snarfy wrote:
       | Cool, I'll just stream the video but replace the audio with NWA's
       | fuck the police.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | jb775 wrote:
       | Why are these people even filming cops in the first place?
        
         | yellowapple wrote:
         | Because it's generally a good idea to hold people accountable
         | for their actions, especially when those people have a long and
         | well-documented history of abusing the general public at every
         | opportunity.
         | 
         | Transparency is a dependency of trust. If we can't see what
         | police are doing, then under what pretext can we even remotely
         | trust them to serve our interests?
        
         | jMyles wrote:
         | ...is that... relevant?
         | 
         | Documenting every executive action taken by government - and
         | ensuring that documentation is available in an open way - is at
         | the heart of a decent society.
        
       | phjesusthatguy3 wrote:
       | On the one hand: neat hack!
       | 
       | On the other hand: let's go kill some cops
       | 
       | EDIT let me put it this way: when cops in _my_ jurisdiction start
       | murdering people I consider mine, I will gladly join my local
       | dumb-ass militia to overthrow the government. As things are,
       | members of my local dumb-ass militias are on trial for plotting
       | the murder of the governor of my state for having the temerity to
       | tell people they should attempt to stop infecting their fellow
       | citizens with a virus that could kill them.
        
       | ill13 wrote:
       | Invert the waveform of the copy-written music, then sync the
       | music to the video, mix both audio streams causing the copy-
       | written music to be effectively removed.
        
       | darepublic wrote:
       | The word weaponizing is being weaponized imo
        
       | kizer wrote:
       | Pretty funny :D (Ready for the downvotes)
        
       | naebother wrote:
       | Pretty much sums up the American psyche.
        
       | andrewmcwatters wrote:
       | There's potential for a really weird incentive here to find the
       | most insatiable DMCA filers and figure out what their most
       | popular hits are and play those for the most effective
       | weaponization of takedowns, or possibly play multiple songs over
       | some period of time, encompassing the most diverse collection of
       | DMCA filers for the largest saturation you can hit.
        
       | blt wrote:
       | Anyone suggesting that this tactic can be stopped with copyright
       | law is hilariously missing the point. The cops will just find a
       | pro-cop artist and record label to play.
       | 
       | The problem here is much deeper.
        
         | exporectomy wrote:
         | The problem is YouTube celebrities being dicks for likes. The
         | cops are clearly just annoyed at this guy who keeps trying to
         | wind them up to video their reaction. He's not filming them
         | potentially beating anyone up, they're just standing there
         | while he complains about random drivers going past who they're
         | not stopping. Just because the victim is a cop doesn't mean the
         | bully isn't wrong. If he was honestly trying to record police
         | abuse, he could do it better keeping his mouth shut and from a
         | distance without constantly trying to draw them into a stupid
         | argument.
        
           | blt wrote:
           | No. The question isn't "is a cop allowed be annoyed with a
           | youtuber?" or "is this youtuber causing net harm to the
           | public good?". The question is: "can a cop interfere with a
           | youtuber's ability to record and publish their actions?".
        
             | sawjet wrote:
             | > No. The question isn't "is a cop allowed be annoyed with
             | a youtuber?" or "is this youtuber causing net harm to the
             | public good?". The question is: "can a cop interfere with a
             | youtuber's ability to record and publish their actions?".
             | 
             | This doesn't interfere with the youtubers ability to record
             | and publish the cop's actions. It only prevents them from
             | profiting from it.
        
         | jMyles wrote:
         | The idea that it's forbidden to publish what your eyes can see
         | and ears can hear, in public, is completely insane.
         | 
         | What is freedom of the press if not this?
        
           | PragmaticPulp wrote:
           | Have any of these videos actually been taken down?
           | 
           | I watched them on the guy's Instagram account, where he's
           | using them to sell his anti-cop merch.
           | 
           | I've been seeing this headline on multiple sites in the past
           | few days, but all of them include the video, which apparently
           | hasn't been taken down anywhere? Starting to think the person
           | filming is doing so to promote his personal brand, and it's
           | working.
        
           | genericone wrote:
           | Weaponization of another human being's emotions against them,
           | a human who in their official capacity is not allowed to
           | defend themself, for the sake of video views, for ad money,
           | paid for by companies willing to exchange money for bulk
           | attention or bulk meta-data. Man, humanity is fucked.
        
       | booleanbetrayal wrote:
       | This is an evolution of the story that first appeared on HN here:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26082303
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | It's interesting to me that the discussion appears focused on
         | copyright issues, rather than what seems like a potential First
         | Amendment violation by the police.
        
           | acd wrote:
           | But people should have the right to work peace. It should
           | also be a basic human right not to be constantly monitored.
        
             | joncrane wrote:
             | Like it or not, I believe that the "expectation of privacy"
             | argument has been settled in courts. The answer is that if
             | you're in public, you have no expectation of privacy.
             | People have dashcams, cameras pointing out the front of
             | their homes and businesses, and people may be recording
             | random TikTok videos with you in the background.
             | 
             | Police definitely have zero "expectation of privacy" when
             | out on the job and it's a fairly well established legal
             | fact. Additionally, this information was available at the
             | time they decided to become police officers.
             | 
             | IANAL.
        
               | eznzt wrote:
               | > Like it or not, I believe that the "expectation of
               | privacy" argument has been settled in courts. The answer
               | is that if you're in public, you have no expectation of
               | privacy.
               | 
               | That sounds awful. Everybody needs to go out even if it
               | is to buy groceries. What that means is that you can be
               | recorded and there is nothing you can do about it.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | The alternative is I'm not legally allowed to operate a
               | camera outside unless I get a signed consent release form
               | from everyone who may potentially be in the view of the
               | camera. That doesn't really sound like a better world to
               | me.
        
               | nojokes wrote:
               | Just mentioning that this is in US. Where I live the
               | dashcams are strictly forbidden like also recording the
               | street in front of your house - police would arrive and
               | destroy your equipment.
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | I am of that _general_ opinion, but not for the small
             | subset of folks the government invests with the power to
             | shoot me.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | heraclius wrote:
             | One has the right to any other job. Compare soldiers:
             | generally one probably ought to have the right to unionise,
             | to sick leave, to certain health and safety standards and
             | so on--there are substantial derogations for particular
             | jobs though based on their nature, and the nature of
             | exercising the coercive authority of the state is such that
             | it seems reasonable to demand all sorts of monitoring (when
             | on the job).
        
             | vel0city wrote:
             | When you put on the uniform and wear the badge, you're
             | accepting some additional powers granted to you by
             | society.You're also giving up some freedoms. I think people
             | should generally be allowed to drink, but I don't think
             | cops should be allowed to drink while on duty.
             | 
             | It is important for a society to be able to monitor the
             | enforcers of the government, i.e. the police. To me, it
             | seems pretty reasonable for people to be able to record the
             | actions of the police in public spaces, so long as its not
             | impeding the ability for their officers to correctly do
             | their job.
        
             | mtnGoat wrote:
             | The state constantly monitors the citizens, through actions
             | of their own and contracts with third parties. Police
             | deserve no privacy if they don't give it.
             | 
             | My C/2.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | PragmaticPulp wrote:
           | It's also strange that HN is so eager to weaponize copyright
           | for their own agenda.
           | 
           | It's strange that so many people are arguing for using
           | copyright law against the cop, instead of realizing that it's
           | absurd that we have to think about having videos taken down
           | for background music.
           | 
           | That said, I'm not even convinced that background music can
           | get the videos taken down, since we've all been watching
           | these videos on social media platforms for the past few days.
        
             | rriepe wrote:
             | What purpose would realizing the absurdity serve, again?
             | 
             | It might be absurd that someone is shooting bullets at you
             | but you should shoot back if that's the case.
        
               | floor2 wrote:
               | Your analogy is perfect... for showing why this is wrong.
               | 
               | The "shooting back" solution just ends up with a bunch of
               | people injured (likely including random bystanders). The
               | better solution is to get the shooting to stop entirely.
               | 
               | We don't need to find a new interpretation of copyright
               | law to attack the cop, we need to remove the
               | dysfunctional copyright system that started this. Or in
               | your metaphor, I want no-one to get shot rather than
               | wanting to shoot back.
        
               | rriepe wrote:
               | You're conflating outcomes and solutions. You've offered
               | no solution.
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | It's less "copyright law is good" than "copyright law is
             | already being used against us so it might as well be turned
             | around on them a bit".
        
               | mindslight wrote:
               | ... which is a terrible approach, because it validates
               | the cudgel while not actually addressing the dynamic of
               | unaccountable power.
        
               | PragmaticPulp wrote:
               | Who is "them" though? The police officer in this video
               | (which hasn't been taken down anywhere, as far as I can
               | tell) isn't the record label.
        
               | exporectomy wrote:
               | What are they fighting for if they don't stand up for any
               | principles and are willing to do the same bad things
               | their enemies do? Even if they win, they've become a new
               | baddy.
        
           | ryandrake wrote:
           | Yea, talk about not seeing the forest for the trees. This
           | story is about the police department, not copyright. Police
           | have been trying for years to prevent people from recording
           | them, and now they are attacking the publishing step rather
           | than the recording step. The intent is clear. They aren't
           | just jamming out to a song in the middle of an encounter--
           | they are intentionally trying to disrupt citizens recording
           | them.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | [deleted]
        
       | salawat wrote:
       | The thing that kills me is this just goes to prove beyomd a
       | shadow of a doubt, that punishment for breaking law is more a
       | function of who you are, and your usefulness to those with the
       | power to levy suit.
       | 
       | Here you have police officers flaunting the law, and yet, record
       | labels have destroyed lives through punitive damages of regular
       | citizens over unintentional sharing.
       | 
       | It just completely undermines and lays bare the hypocrisy
       | underlying it all. One more mail in my anti-IP soapbox I guess.
        
         | jacques_chester wrote:
         | A nitpick: "flouting the law".
        
           | kwhitefoot wrote:
           | Exactly. Flaunting the law would be, for instance, waving a
           | copy of law in the face of the person they were arresting.
        
           | salawat wrote:
           | Always after the edit period. Internal mental hash table
           | updated. I knew it was an fl-<something>. Picked the wrong
           | one.
           | 
           | Point otherwise clearly communicated though right?
        
             | jacques_chester wrote:
             | Yes, clearly communicated.
        
       | phjesusthatguy3 wrote:
       | They're not weaponizing copyright, they're weaponizing
       | Instagram's copyright-infringement-avoidance filter. HN really
       | should look into their headline editing policy, because it really
       | does change the context of the conversation in this instance.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | The videos are still up on the person's Instagram account, from
         | which he sells anti-cop merchandise.
         | 
         | As far as I can tell, there hasn't been a copyright removal. It
         | appears the police were tired of being followed by this guy
         | trying to provoke them to promote his Instagram and associated
         | merch.
        
           | phjesusthatguy3 wrote:
           | pragmaticpulp> The videos are still up on the person's
           | Instagram account, from which he sells anti-cop merchandise.
           | 
           | I read what you typed, you brown-nosing piece of shit.
           | 
           | It's perfectly okay for citizens to record the state
           | depriving citizens of their right to life, liberty and the
           | pursuit of happiness, you brown-nosing piece of shit.
           | 
           | It's already been established that the state can lie to
           | citizens. You brown-nosing piece of shit.
           | 
           | The problem is when the state interferes with citizens
           | exercising their rights, you brown-nosing piece of shit.
           | 
           | Citizens can say whatever they want, whenever they want. Full
           | stop. They have to face the consequences of their actions
           | afterwards. You brown-nosing piece of shit.
           | 
           | The problem, you brown-nosing piece of shit, is that the cops
           | know there is no way for their actions to be held against
           | them. So they abuse the rules the corporations have created
           | to make sure citizens can't exercise their God-given rights.
           | You brown-nosing piece of shit.
           | 
           | I'm not even sorry about my language, you brown-nosing piece
           | of shit. _You_ , and the people excusing the bad apples in
           | the police barrel, are the problem. You brown-nosing piece of
           | shit.
        
       | josefresco wrote:
       | Publicizing this probably does more harm than keeping it
       | something unique to Beverly Hills PD (aka the Streisand effect).
       | We'll now see officers across the United States employing this
       | same tactic. Hopefully this will finally force some sort of
       | sanity when it comes to automated copyright enforcement online.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | If anything, the fact that we've all been watching this
         | supposedly forbidden video across social media sites shows that
         | the technique doesn't actually work.
        
           | josefresco wrote:
           | They're just making it harder (not impossible) to share
           | recorded videos of police actions on social media. This video
           | being publicized by an experienced activist is not sufficient
           | evidence in and of itself that the technique isn't working.
        
       | tppiotrowski wrote:
       | There are many posts on HN about invasion of privacy and
       | surveillance. Even if you're "not doing anything wrong" you
       | should strongly oppose any data collection that could be used
       | against you in the future.
       | 
       | On the other hand we also seem to permit recording in other
       | situations like law enforcement.
       | 
       | Eager to hear how people distinguish these two scenarios. Is it
       | that if you're a public figure or tax funded then your actions
       | should be open to public scrutiny? I know companies operate in
       | private but still need to make some data publicly available. Is
       | there a balance? What is a good heuristic for how much data we
       | should collect on cops, politicians, companies etc while still
       | respecting privacy.
        
         | Tepix wrote:
         | Recording is permitted, the issue is live streaming.
        
         | matheusmoreira wrote:
         | > Is it that if you're a public figure or tax funded then your
         | actions should be open to public scrutiny?
         | 
         | Yes, always. Governments are given extraordinary powers by the
         | people. Transparency is necessary to ensure these powers aren't
         | being abused. Otherwise it's easy for corruption to set in.
        
         | tppiotrowski wrote:
         | Not sure why I got downvoted for this? I'm just trying to
         | learn.
        
           | lsllc wrote:
           | As for the original (gp) comment, you should check the HN
           | guidelines:
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsfaq.html
           | 
           | This (parent) comment falls foul of:
           | 
           | "Please don't comment about the voting on comments. It never
           | does any good, and it makes boring reading."
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | lscotte wrote:
       | This is great, actually! I'm happy to see the police finding
       | creative approaches to the boneheads who think they have to
       | stream everything. Streaming everything is not a good thing.
        
       | PragmaticPulp wrote:
       | I think Betteridge's law of headlines is relevant here; If these
       | videos were being removed by social media, we'd be hearing about
       | the removals. Instead, we have journalists asking "Are cops
       | playing music to use copyright law to have the videos removed?"
       | We then watch the non-removed videos.
       | 
       | I'm not thrilled about this, but I'm not entirely convinced that
       | police officers are trying to get videos taken down by playing
       | tinny, low-volume songs in the background of someone else's
       | videos.
       | 
       | Does anyone have an example of a video that was taken down
       | because police were playing music in the background?
       | 
       | I've been seeing these videos over and over in the past 24 hours
       | on various streaming platforms. It seems that if they were being
       | taken down, we'd be hearing stories about the takedowns, not
       | stories about them listening to music.
        
         | anaerobicover wrote:
         | Don't exclude the middle: they could be trying to get them
         | filtered, _and_ failing at doing so.
         | 
         | I can easily see a coworker having a "brilliant" idea about
         | copyright mumbo jumbo and a bunch of people buying into it.
         | People try things that don't work all the time.
        
         | tpmx wrote:
         | Betteridge's law of headlines is probably not true:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9232419
         | 
         | (The way you invoked this is kinda reaching.)
        
           | PragmaticPulp wrote:
           | I brought it up to highlight the contradiction, not because
           | it's literally a law:
           | 
           | They are reporting speculation.
           | 
           | If this was happening, they'd be reporting on the takedowns
           | rather than the speculation.
           | 
           | Instead, the video is still up and available on social media.
        
             | tpmx wrote:
             | That's a better way to put it, IMO.
        
         | jawns wrote:
         | Can you propose some other legitimate purpose for their
         | actions? I don't regularly see police officers playing music on
         | their cell phones during the course of their official duties,
         | nor do I see any reason why they should.
         | 
         | Edit: To response to your edited comment, I don't think the
         | problem with this conduct hinges on whether YouTube or other
         | video-streaming services actually do flag them as copyright
         | infringement and filter them. The problem is that the officers
         | are attempting to trigger the sites' filtering algorithms.
         | Whether or not they're successful, it's still a problem.
        
           | PragmaticPulp wrote:
           | Seems like they're trying to send a signal that they're not
           | interested in engaging in any more conversation. Feels like a
           | de-escalation tactic.
           | 
           | Whether you like them or not, these cops have people
           | obsessively following them around, filming them, and trying
           | to engage them for social media clout. I suspect if the
           | filters had more of a legitimate purpose, we'd be hearing
           | about it in these articles.
        
             | jawns wrote:
             | It feels like a de-escalation tactic? This is pretty
             | classic passive-aggressive behavior. And aggressive
             | behavior, whether in the form of overt aggression or
             | passive-aggressive tactics, does not contribute to de-
             | escalation.
             | 
             | Recording police in public as they perform their official
             | duties is a constitutionally protected activity, upheld by
             | the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, whose jurisdiction
             | covers California. The police are trying to deter and
             | prevent people from exercising that right.
             | 
             | The _mature_ way to send a signal that they 're not
             | interested in engaging in conversation is to say, "I'm
             | sorry, I'm not interested in engaging in any more
             | conversation. I've got to attend to the duties of my job.
             | It was nice talking with you."
             | 
             | I do acknowledge that police officers often face special
             | scrutiny from the press and from the public. But that is
             | because they are public servants with the ability to
             | impinge upon people's life and liberty. And the more the
             | public records LEO interactions, the more bad apples they
             | seem to uncover.
        
               | PragmaticPulp wrote:
               | In the video (which hadn't been taken down, contrary to
               | the headlines) the officer does what you suggest: He
               | calmly states that he can't continue to engage the person
               | recording in the same conversation over and over again.
               | 
               | This doesn't appear to be a simple case of the police
               | ignoring someone's first question. The person recording
               | the police appears to be following them around, recording
               | them, badgering them with accusations and taunts, and
               | posting the videos for social media clout.
        
           | klyrs wrote:
           | I can see another purpose for their actions. If they're
           | playing music, then bodycam or external recordings will not
           | capture what is being said by cops and those that they're
           | interacting with. I didn't say it's a legitimate purpose,
           | mind...
        
       | kirillzubovsky wrote:
       | I hope they are at least using the "Beverly hills cop" theme song
       | for that.
        
       | dboreham wrote:
       | Axel Foley would be proud. Banana in the tailpipe...
        
       | necheffa wrote:
       | Could a fourier transform be used to try and remove enough of the
       | copyrighted audio without making the voices of those in the video
       | unintelligible?
        
       | speedballmad wrote:
       | The police are hoping that YouTube will flag it for copyright,
       | not the music companies. Once it's uploaded, YouTube will flag it
       | for copyright infringement right off the bat.
        
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