[HN Gopher] Lynx: Power-Efficient Cryptocurrency Using RPi [pdf]
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       Lynx: Power-Efficient Cryptocurrency Using RPi [pdf]
        
       Author : xiii1408
       Score  : 24 points
       Date   : 2021-02-11 18:36 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (cdn.getlynx.io)
 (TXT) w3m dump (cdn.getlynx.io)
        
       | popol12 wrote:
       | I'm pretty sure this Hybrid PoW doesn't work. All these arbitrary
       | rules can be circumvented by an industrial miner by generating
       | the right addresses at the right moment with right amounts of
       | coin. It just needs some statistics.
        
         | Benjamin6731 wrote:
         | Transparency: I'm the founder of Lynx Core and I designed the 3
         | Hybrid PoW Rules.
         | 
         | The system has been running stable (but a little slow) for over
         | a year and a considerable amount of research and time has been
         | spent focusing on each of the 'arbitrary rules'. I would agree
         | with your initial sentiment of the comment though, popol. Each
         | of the rules can be circumvented. But look deeper.
         | 
         | Each of the individual Hybrid PoW Rules are designed to be part
         | of a bigger picture. With a combination of time and money, a
         | bad actor could overcome each one of the individual Rules, yes.
         | The challenge lies in being able to coordinate and consistently
         | overcome all of the Rules for a sustained contiguous series of
         | blocks.
         | 
         | The first rule forces the miner to rotate reward addresses
         | after a block win. Not a huge deal, to be honest. 60 blocks is
         | the wait time. So an attacker would probably need to work with
         | 61 addresses for starters. Research with GPU mining software
         | and some research with ASICs show that this isn't an easy thing
         | to do (right now). We all know that that isn't an excuse as
         | once incentives exist to do it, some smart person will fork
         | cgminer(?) to rotate reward addresses. It's only a matter of
         | time. But it works for now, and since Lynx mining isn't
         | profitable, the financial incentive to do it doesn't exit
         | (yet).
         | 
         | The second rule requires the respective reward address to have
         | a fluctuating minimum balance at the time the block is won.
         | Kind of like PoS, but not really. You don't increase your
         | chances of winning a block by having a greater balance, nor do
         | you win a greater coinbase reward (plus fees). Also, the
         | requirement amount is correlated to the network difficulty.
         | Once the network diff starts to increase (due to an array of
         | reasons including an attack with an ASIC) the minimum balance
         | requirement in each address changes. The ceiling on the per
         | address balance is 100 Million Lynx or ~$46k USD (at todays
         | prices). The minimum is 100 Lynx or $0.46 USD at todays price.
         | So today the cost to fund 61 addresses would be ~$28 USD.
         | Again, not a big deal. But once the ASIC is enabled and the
         | network diff changes, that cost increases quickly so funding
         | those addresses might be prohibitive. (As a result, the system
         | is the most secure as long as we have 2 or more concurrent
         | attackers.)
         | 
         | The third rule is the most tedious. A random selection match
         | must occur with a 1 in 256 chance of match. Without a match,
         | the candidate block is flagged as invalid. As well, the network
         | consensus rules will not pass a block that doesn't meet the
         | requirement. The values for the match are embedded in the block
         | header, so it's easily verifiable. Again, easy to overcome with
         | time and money.
         | 
         | The 3 Rules operate on top of the normal business rules of
         | Proof of Work that we are used to with Bitcoin/Litecoin. The
         | design is inspired by the idea of not relying on a single
         | threshold or security layer that is all encompassing to secure
         | PoW, but instead rely on a combination of weak layers that when
         | combined create a stronger solution. With effort, anyone can
         | break a bamboo shoot, but breaking a bundle of bamboo is a near
         | impossible feat.
         | 
         | It's been stable for over a year. The question remains. Does it
         | really work? Did we implement it poorly? Does it scale?
         | Interested in your thoughts. -ben
        
         | wsp78 wrote:
         | I think the fact that the reward address is part of the hash,
         | and has to have the balance would prevent just swapping out the
         | reward address.
        
           | bseidensticker wrote:
           | You can just have multiple addresses each with the required
           | balance.
        
             | hosh wrote:
             | You can. However, there is a 1 week delay in cashing out
             | for a miner, and award is randomized. First to mine does
             | not guarantee the mining award. To guarantee a reward,
             | you'd need to run at least 4096 nodes, for a 1 block
             | payoff.
        
             | wsp78 wrote:
             | So, a lot of staked addresses. That sounds like a good
             | thing.
        
         | eterevsky wrote:
         | I don't see how it could work even in principle. If mining is
         | profitable at all, what would stop a single miner from
         | impersonating multiple miners? If it doesn't work, why would it
         | be profitable to an intended user with RPi?
        
           | RL_Quine wrote:
           | Well exactly. As a system for preventing sybil attacks this
           | doesn't do anything.
        
           | hosh wrote:
           | The intended design is for mining to _not_ be profitable.
           | 
           | It looks like the phased introduction of Rules 1 and 2 have
           | already achieved a breakup of mining power. There looks like
           | the occasional ASIC miner that pops in, causes a disruption,
           | and the miner leaves.
           | 
           | Time will tell if these set of incentives will achieve what
           | the designer intended.
        
         | api wrote:
         | I've seen a ton of proposals similar to this and even thought
         | of a few myself, and all of them fail to prevent a motivated
         | and funded attacker from monopolizing a plurality or even 100%
         | of mining. The only way around this is to explicitly identify
         | miners (like Libra a.k.a. Facebucks), but that introduces
         | centralizing forces.
         | 
         | AFAIK proof of stake is the _only_ approach that I 've seen
         | that could potentially work in principle but it has its own
         | problems including encouraging wealth centralization,
         | contributing to the deflationary nature of the currency, and
         | being vulnerable to attacks by players with large fractions of
         | the currency's float under their control.
         | 
         | This is a hard problem. PoW works but at absolutely mind
         | boggling cost.
        
       | cause wrote:
       | FWIW Lynx is not designed to be mined for profit. It's meant to
       | turn that logic on its head and be mined only to secure the
       | network and your investment in it. The rewards are very low and a
       | high powered miner would waste FAR more costs on electricity than
       | they would ever make attempting to attack it.
        
         | cause wrote:
         | There's a service built on top of Lynx called Logware.io which
         | is a data storage API service. A small amount of Lynx is burned
         | to create each storage transaction. Over time this will both
         | deflate the overall supply plus create natural buy pressure as
         | the Logware company will eventually need to buy more Lynx for
         | their own service to continue operating.
         | 
         | The more clients they get the more data will be stored thus the
         | more Lynx will be burned.
         | 
         | If you'd like to learn more come hang out with us in Discord!
         | https://discord.gg/yTfCs5J
        
       | andred14 wrote:
       | Let's use this where/how can we get some Lynx?
        
       | elenchev wrote:
       | I'm a tiny bit disappointed that I can't open your website with
       | the lynx web browser :)
        
         | xiii1408 wrote:
         | As a fan of both the text-based browser and the cryptocurrency,
         | I find the name collision humorous. We'll have to bring up the
         | lack of lynx browser support with the devs :)
        
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       (page generated 2021-02-11 23:03 UTC)