[HN Gopher] Kenyan recycles plastic waste into bricks stronger t...
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       Kenyan recycles plastic waste into bricks stronger than concrete
        
       Author : elorant
       Score  : 204 points
       Date   : 2021-02-10 19:26 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.reuters.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.reuters.com)
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | foofoo55 wrote:
       | Interesting she doesn't work with PET.
       | 
       | I wonder what happens to the waste from deburring and
       | installation, and the microplastic dust from cutting and wear &
       | tear.
       | 
       | I sometimes feel the only option for waste plastic is
       | incineration.
        
         | warent wrote:
         | Incineration would probably be much, much worse, because all
         | you're doing is releasing toxic pollutants into the
         | air/atmosphere
         | 
         | Unless you're talking about plasma gasification, in which case
         | I wholeheartedly agree it appears to be a very promising
         | solution, and wish I had resources to invest in that.
        
           | samatman wrote:
           | Plasma gasification is overkill, obtaining complete
           | combustion is a matter of reaching sufficient heat and mixing
           | adequate oxygen, that, and not allowing particles to escape
           | before combustion is complete.
           | 
           | Basically, the difference between a fireplace and a rocket
           | stove.
           | 
           | There are plenty of ways to construct an incinerator which
           | does this, it's a fairly mature technology.
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | I too would love to work in the plasma gasification space,
           | but it doesn't seem like there's a lot of interest in
           | investment in that area even with the waste to energy and
           | environment benefit potential.
           | 
           | We could have self powered ocean platforms collecting and
           | plasma gasifying plastic waste, instead of dragging all of
           | that waste back to land for processing.
        
             | warent wrote:
             | I've been dreaming about this for years. Most people who
             | hear about it think it's nonsense. You could even set up
             | plants near landfills and deploy little Wall-E robots to
             | dig up and transport landfill for syngas. Feeling like
             | we'll see this in the next 100 years.
             | 
             | Part of the reason there's little investment is apparently
             | because the energy generation is barely above net neutral
             | with current technology. Still though, even at neutral it
             | seems like it would be good to clean up soil and create
             | slag for construction.
             | 
             | It would probably work best as a nonprofit/government
             | project
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | Keeping my eye out for natural gas processing ships going
               | for a song.
        
         | mediaman wrote:
         | PET has a much higher melt temperature, which would degrade the
         | HDPE. At HDPE melt temperatures, the PET would remain unmelted,
         | which would probably cause strength and visual problems.
        
       | latchkey wrote:
       | What about leaching chemicals into the soil and groundwater?
        
       | adambcn wrote:
       | Stronger how? Torsional strength? Compression strength? Tension
       | strength? Hardness? Yield strength?
       | 
       | Or just random person throwing it on the floor?
        
       | Triv888 wrote:
       | "Does not crack" doesn't mean that it is stronger at what
       | concrete is good for. Try to build a 70 story building with that
       | stuff, for example. Diamond is good for scratching, steel can be
       | good for hitting....
        
       | scythe wrote:
       | The world produces four billion tons of cement per year, about
       | half of which is produced in China. For comparison, polyethylene,
       | used for these bricks, is produced at about 100 million tons per
       | year.
       | 
       | In other words, even if all of the waste polyethylene in the
       | world could be recycled like this, it would make, at best, a
       | roughly 2.5% dent in the demand for concrete. (There are
       | aggregates in both cases, so you can't just lean on that.)
       | 
       | It's useful if it offers functionality cement doesn't have, which
       | in this case it seems to. But the idea that plastic waste, in any
       | form, or for that matter any other wastes (aside from asphalt,
       | which was once a waste product), can substantially replace
       | building materials, is mostly a popular misconception rooted in
       | humans' difficulty with large numbers. Comparing the bricks to
       | concrete just isn't really apples-to-apples.
        
         | why_Mr_Anderson wrote:
         | Not to mention there are so many different types of concrete
         | tailored to meet specific requirements that it's very unlikely
         | _anything_ could even make a dent in our need for concrete.
        
       | ggm wrote:
       | There is a role for fibre as a reinforce in cast concrete. It's
       | well known from bricks with straw. Alters the strength under
       | load, strength to weight. Has a role in post earthquake
       | survivability rates.
       | 
       | Is it magic? No. There is no magic. But, its possibly useful,
       | depending how its formed and how it's used and incorporated
        
       | balozi wrote:
       | I hope this is not laying the groundwork for developed nations to
       | ship their plastic waste to Africa. China won't take the waste
       | anymore so now we ship it to Kenya, to make paving bricks.
        
       | plosticks wrote:
       | Polyethylene is a wonderful material for subtractive
       | manufacturing, especially parts that you might otherwise 3D-print
       | or make out of wood.
       | 
       | It's easy to make "bricks" by melting and pressing chips and
       | shredded material in a mold, and those bricks make excellent
       | machine stock.
       | 
       | You can't use it as a building material, but I like the idea of
       | mixing in sand and using them as paving stones. After all, we
       | frequently pave playgrounds with flammable material made out of
       | shredded tires.
       | 
       | I do wonder about microplastics flaking off of them, though. PE
       | is pretty remeltable, but like most plastics it gets a bit more
       | brittle with every cycle. Most recycling outfits mix some virgin
       | plastics in with the recycled stuff for that reason.
        
         | trhway wrote:
         | >I do wonder about microplastics flaking off of them
         | 
         | especially under strong light/UV of equatorial Sun. While the
         | story looks great at first, i wonder whether it can succeed
         | under more strong environmental review.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | The article says the factory has been running since 2017.
           | That's going on 4 years of stuff from the factory being in
           | the sun. I have seen plastic items last less than one Texas
           | summer in the sun. Either they've done a brilliant PR
           | campaign to keep the "sun kills this product" stories, or it
           | is less of an issue than HN wants it to be.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | There are UV inhibitors that are added to plastic. They
             | give you more time in the sun, though eventually you are
             | done.
        
         | why_Mr_Anderson wrote:
         | _After all, we frequently pave playgrounds with fl\ammable
         | material made out of shredded tires._ Wait,really? Could you
         | point me to some material about it? I know it was tried several
         | times in many countries but IIRC everyone returned to just pure
         | alsphalt, but I don 't remember what was the actual reason.
        
           | anonAndOn wrote:
           | Rubber covered playgrounds are considered safer for falls.[0]
           | However, it's not just for kids, recycled substrates for
           | athletic facilities are very popular. This shoe manufacturer
           | recycles some of its products just for that purpose.[1]
           | 
           | [0]https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/Tires/Products/Types/Playgro
           | un... [1]https://www.nikegrind.com/
        
       | ttul wrote:
       | She should do YC.
        
       | ummonk wrote:
       | What happens when these erode - wouldn't plastic particles
       | contaminate water?
        
       | lmilcin wrote:
       | Just because the brick is able to withstand throwing it on the
       | rocks doesn't mean it is not going to deform under load.
       | 
       | Brick strength is measured in ability to withstand deformation
       | under load and as far as I know there isn't any popular "plastic"
       | that can do comparably.
       | 
       | For a single story house this probably doesn't make any
       | difference, but for a larger structure the load could cause
       | bricks to loose shape, creep and cause the structure to fail.
       | 
       | Also, plastics tend to get soft rapidly at temperatures. I don't
       | think plastic bricks exposed to sun (Kenya?) would fare for long.
       | 
       | Another issue is that plastics tend to deteriorate in UV. That
       | could be fixed with a good paint but it also costs.
       | 
       | (Edit: for the pavement this is horrible idea as the plastic is
       | going to be broken down and dispersed in environment in large
       | amounts)
        
         | jay_kyburz wrote:
         | I only skimmed the article, but I thought they were just
         | pavers. (For making a path).
         | 
         | Buy yes, I came to say something similar, if you just compress
         | the plastic into a block and lay it down to make a path then as
         | it deteriorates surly you are just contaminating your
         | environment with mico-plastic particles.
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | Ssssh...
           | 
           | People prefer to distribute their problem into invisible
           | pieces put into the environment slowly over 1000 years than
           | to just bite the bullet and incinerate plastics that have
           | reached their usable lifespan...
        
             | smeyer wrote:
             | There are real reasons to not want microplastics in your
             | local environment, but I think your dismissiveness of
             | spreading a problem out over 1,000 years is unwarranted.
             | There is a huge difference between a problem that has to be
             | solved in a year and a problem that has to be solved in 100
             | or 1,000 years, because time is an incredibly valuable
             | asset.
             | 
             | Delaying some of the carbon we put in the atmosphere for
             | hundreds of years is massively useful, because it buys us
             | time to try stave off and ameliorate some of the effects of
             | climate change.
        
               | vlovich123 wrote:
               | Sure, the climate change problem is eased. Microplastics
               | in the environment though are a totally different problem
               | & having it slowly accumulate over thousands of years is
               | actually worse because it's a tragedy of the commons
               | scenario. Cleaning this up in 100 years is going to be
               | far more expensive than forcing companies to deal with
               | the trash properly now. Moreover, it's not the companies
               | that end up paying for such a problem but the rest of us
               | because they've externalized the problem (see all the
               | superfund sites in the USA that are chronically
               | underfunded).
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Individual micro plastics don't last that long. The vast
               | surface area to volume ratio speeds up how quickly even
               | durable plastics break down.
        
               | lmilcin wrote:
               | Well, unless you start inhaling the plastic dust from
               | plastic road.
               | 
               | I am pretty sure that, even if not "forever chemical",
               | the plastic dust _will_ outlive your lungs.
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | Fair but you can also simply bury the compressed bricks
               | yeah? Recycling plastic has always been a ploy by the oil
               | industry to increase consumption and make people feel
               | good about the product.
               | 
               | Burying the compressed bricks is actually a great way to
               | handle sequestration.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.npr.org/2020/09/11/897692090/how-big-oil-
               | misled-...
        
             | notjtrig wrote:
             | 'The best solution to pollution is dilution'
        
           | robotnikman wrote:
           | The microplastics which we don't see always comes to my mind
           | when I see plastic reused in ways such as this.
           | 
           | Though it probably does depend on the type of plastic, but
           | I'm no chemist.
        
             | Puts wrote:
             | Microplastics is a huge problem, BUT I can't imagine this
             | being worse than things like tiers and shoe soles.
        
             | lmilcin wrote:
             | This is plastic that would go to landfill. Expect it to
             | contain just about everything.
             | 
             | I don't expect this to be heavily processed. More like
             | melted together with some additions.
        
           | kaycebasques wrote:
           | > if you just compress the plastic into a block and lay it
           | down to make a path then as it deteriorates surly you are
           | just contaminating your environment with mico-plastic
           | particles
           | 
           | The article says that the plastic is mixed with sand, heated,
           | and then compressed into bricks. Given this, is your comment
           | still valid? Honest question, I'm not a material science
           | person.
        
         | kaycebasques wrote:
         | > Just because the brick is able to withstand throwing it on
         | the rocks doesn't mean it is not going to deform under load.
         | 
         | The end of the article says they founded in 2017 and have
         | recycled 20 tons of waste. Maybe structural issues will emerge
         | after 5+ years of use but it sounds like this approach has
         | already had a fair amount of real-world usage.
        
         | robocat wrote:
         | You wouldn't use plastic bricks for building without either
         | serious fire risks. A non-flammable coating on the brick could
         | potentially be developed, but not easily and perhaps not cost
         | effectively.
         | 
         | This is what happens when you use polyethylene as part of your
         | building: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-40301289
        
           | labawi wrote:
           | The bricks contain polyethylene, but a large part, probably
           | most of it, is sand. Also, it is not foam in enclosed spaces,
           | but a full hard material.
           | 
           | A non-flammable coating would perhaps be a layer of plaster
           | or paint?
           | 
           | I think you are seriously overestimating the flammability of
           | the product. Have you seen rooms with vinyl floors, PVC
           | windows, foam / fake leather couches? Each of those will burn
           | more easily a viciously than the bricks.
           | 
           | My concern would be with possible structural failure at high
           | temperatures and some fires may be able to pass through walls
           | of these bricks. However, I don't think they are building
           | apartment buildings from these bricks.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | There are plenty of uses of bricks that do not need to support
         | the weight of a multi-story buildings. Just because an item
         | doesn't fit for a particular use does not mean it is not a
         | viable solution for other things. Paving stones, mailboxes,
         | retaining walls, etc are all examples.
         | 
         | I for one can appreciate that someone is taking effort to
         | resuse/recycle plastic trash into something useful like this.
         | Maybe rather than shitting all over something for a use it's
         | not necessarily intended for, maybe try to think of other uses
         | this kind of innovative processing can be improved would be
         | much more productive.
        
           | butwhywhyoh wrote:
           | The title of the post is that these are stronger than
           | concrete. The title isn't "these bricks could be used for
           | many things". OP is directly responding to a dubious claim.
           | Where as you would seem to prefer they ignore the dubious
           | claim and just be endlessly positive.
           | 
           | I'd sure as hell rather know if my home is going to collapse
           | if I build them out of plastic bricks than someone telling me
           | all of the things I could have used them for instead.
        
             | kaycebasques wrote:
             | OP did not directly respond to the dubious claim but you
             | did. Thank you for reminding me that they're claiming this
             | is stronger than concrete. That indeed is dubious. I think
             | the conversation is swinging too far in the opposite
             | direction, however, and many people seem to be writing this
             | off.
        
           | lmilcin wrote:
           | Of course there are uses. I am even very happy people try to
           | re-use what would normally be put to waste (unless it causes
           | more plastic to disperse in environment).
           | 
           | Just don't claim it is "stronger" than regular brick if that
           | is not true.
        
           | silicon2401 wrote:
           | > Maybe rather than shitting all over something for a use
           | it's not necessarily intended for, maybe try to think of
           | other uses this kind of innovative processing can be improved
           | would be much more productive.
           | 
           | Not a very constructive response. Do you have any
           | counterpoints to the other user's points, or do you just not
           | allow people to point out potential issues with materials
           | that may be used for human housing? Progress requires a
           | balance between some people focusing on achievements and some
           | pointing out the things that can still be improved. If I were
           | going to rely on a new material, I'd definitely want its
           | issues to be pointed out and addressed first, rather than
           | just jump to using it.
        
             | kristo wrote:
             | There is a little thing called tone. And criticizing
             | someone's over negativity is constructive.
             | 
             | You'd want that negativity problem to point pointed out and
             | addressed, wouldn't you?
        
               | butwhywhyoh wrote:
               | I wouldn't. I would rather a world where people are
               | strong enough to deal with "tone", which seems to be a
               | highly subjective thing. How about giving someone else
               | the benefit of the doubt instead of pointing out
               | "negativity"?
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | lhorie wrote:
         | Not a structural engineer, but I thought that the beams are the
         | load bearers, while the bricks are more of less just filling
         | vertical space.
         | 
         | I think another interesting point to consider is cost. I
         | watched a video a while back about a premise of using plastics
         | for building roads, and in addition to the deformation/UV
         | deterioration issues being brought up, another issue that was
         | brought up was that concrete is cheaper than even the lowest
         | quality recycled plastic.
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | > the load bearers, while the bricks are more of less just
           | filling vertical space
           | 
           | Bricks are decorative in a few buildings, but this is by far
           | the minority.
           | 
           | Where bricks are used in < 8 floor high buildings, they
           | normally are supporting the weight of the entire structure.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | Where do you live that a building of modern construction is
             | supported by bricks? In the US, multi-story residences are
             | built on wood with a brick facade. Multi-story commercial
             | buildings are built using wood up to 4 stories (depending
             | on locale), and steel after that.
        
               | lmilcin wrote:
               | I live in Poland. Almost all buildings outside cities are
               | bricks with bricks being load-bearing.
               | 
               | In cities, almost all buildings older than 1950 are also
               | made from bricks.
        
               | londons_explore wrote:
               | The US is the odd one out... I completely see why you'd
               | make a temporary building out of wood so that you can
               | build it in just a few days.
               | 
               | But if this is a house, expected to last 150 years plus,
               | and you're already bringing lots of bricks to the site,
               | you really ought to be using the bricks to hold the
               | building up and reserving the wood for the internal
               | floors and other things that will be replaced every 75
               | years.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | The oldest timber frame house in the US dates to 1637.
               | 
               | Wood easily lasts 200+ years as long as it's thick and
               | dry. It tends to sag over time, but most buildings end up
               | being fairly temporary on those timescales.
        
               | vbezhenar wrote:
               | You can build wooden house that would stand 100+ years.
               | Not US-style houses from planks, though, you just cut
               | trees and use their trunks as a whole to build walls.
               | Also you should protect it from the rotting.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | There are a very large number of 100+ year old wooden
               | homes in the eastern half of the US. Check out Zillow
               | with the "year built" filter. Even if you set the filter
               | to limit results to 1899 and older, the vast majority of
               | homes are of wood construction.
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | We don't use bricks for structure any more because
               | earthquakes. Wood buildings fare much better when shaken.
               | We also have plenty of wooden houses that have stood for
               | 150 years.
        
               | AngryData wrote:
               | Wood houses can last just as long if they are properly
               | built and maintained. I will grant you that many
               | buildings in the US aren't built or maintained to last
               | that long, but they can and do exist and it is what most
               | builders would prefer to build if there was the demand.
               | Wood is also much easier to repair if there is damage, or
               | easily jacked up if the foundation moves over 100 years.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Bricks are not nearly as strong as you intuitively think.
               | They do great in compression, but terrible in tension.
               | Bricks are also terrible insulation. Real structural
               | engineers take this into account, and thus often use wood
               | or steel (or other materials) depending on what really
               | matters. And of course the entire structure needs to be
               | designed as a whole.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | Wood lasts 150 years plus. There are environmental
               | factors that, unmitigated, can damage wood. But the same
               | is also the case for masonry construction. They both have
               | their pros and cons. And now that things like vinyl
               | siding exist, wood homes can last a long time even with
               | minimal maintenance.
        
               | syoc wrote:
               | A bit off topic but wood houses can, if done right, last
               | quite a lot longer than 150 years.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | Central Europe mostly builds from bricks. Not just
               | classical red bricks, Ytong is a very popular type too.
               | 
               | Wooden structures copied from Scandinavia are slowly
               | coming into fashion for smaller family houses (the
               | construction process is very fast compared to bricks),
               | but they are still very much in minority.
               | 
               | Taller constructions are concrete + steel.
        
               | doikor wrote:
               | > Taller constructions are concrete + steel.
               | 
               | There have been some advancements in wood for taller
               | structures in recent years. Basically they have come up
               | with wood that is as strong as concrete.
               | 
               | Main problem is fire/pests/rot/etc so you can't build
               | crazy big but there are now 7 or 8 story tall apartment
               | buildings made out of wood mainly in Helsinki for
               | example.
               | 
               | Making apartment buildings out of wood is also much more
               | environment friendly then concrete (somewhere around 50%
               | less total co2)
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | Fennoscandinavians are very good with their wood. (Pun
               | not intended.) When other nations try to imitate their
               | know-how, the result is usually subpar.
        
               | p_l wrote:
               | While sibling comments mentioned a bit about differences
               | in building approach with heavy use of brick and concrete
               | in Europe, at times it reaches into cultural
               | incomprehension.
               | 
               | When US action movies started to show up more in Poland,
               | many people joked how american movies exaggerate things
               | by using cheap plywood scene sets for houses. Finding out
               | that american homes are actually built like that was a
               | bit of a shock to many.
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | To be fair, a little 4.9 earthquake counts as one of the
               | biggest ever recorded in Poland.
        
               | why_Mr_Anderson wrote:
               | And if you know anything about electrical wiring, do not
               | look up how they do it in those plywood houses in US, any
               | European building inspector would have a heart attack :)
        
               | p_l wrote:
               | I get shivers just from the standard outlets in USA...
        
           | crazygringo wrote:
           | First-world vs third-world (approximately).
           | 
           | In the first world, brick construction is extremely expensive
           | and you're right -- modern residences are often built with
           | structural beams (whether wood or steel), and the brick is
           | usually just a veneer.
           | 
           | But in the third world, variants of brick (e.g. cinder block)
           | are often the norm, and are structurally load-bearing, and
           | work fine for two to three stories. And they're very easy and
           | cheap to build with.
           | 
           | The US has a ton of cheap lumber so load-bearing wood frames
           | are common. Many countries don't have forests like that so
           | bricks/blocks are the way to go.
        
             | andor wrote:
             | I have to disagree, and I don't think the first world vs.
             | third world comparison is helpful.
             | 
             | Bricks are quite common in Europe, at least for buildings
             | up to a certain height. The resulting buildings here (in
             | Germany) offer higher living quality with better thermal
             | and acoustic insulation than a typical North American beams
             | + drywalls building. That's just an observation though and
             | maybe the general construction method is not the cause -
             | maybe it's just because our windows and doors are much more
             | solid.
        
             | andechs wrote:
             | Cinder block construction can also be difficult to insulate
             | and hide services such as electricity and plumbing behind.
             | In addition, brick buildings are a bad idea in areas
             | subject to [seismic
             | events](https://www.npr.org/2010/01/14/122547242/haitis-
             | buildings-we...).
        
             | lhorie wrote:
             | I was under the impression they used metal to reinforce
             | masonry, but apparently not all everyone does. Found an
             | article that goes into more details and lists pros and cons
             | of the masonry approach here:
             | 
             | https://theconstructor.org/construction/masonry/load-
             | bearing...
        
           | lmilcin wrote:
           | I live in a building where bricks are very much load-bearing.
           | 
           | I have also lived in buildings that had steel or wood beams
           | in walls for the purpose of keeping the wall rigid (so that
           | it doesn't buckle), but the bricks were still holding most of
           | the load.
        
           | why_Mr_Anderson wrote:
           | Major problem with plastic in roads is thermal stability and
           | abrasion from constant wear. In the end, concrete is not only
           | cheaper, but also much safer option.
        
         | gumby wrote:
         | > Brick strength is measured in ability to withstand
         | deformation under load and as far as I know there isn't any
         | popular "plastic" that can do comparably.
         | 
         | By definition something plastic will deform, else it wouldn't
         | be plastic! A "rigid plastic" would be like a "miniature giant"
        
           | dogma1138 wrote:
           | The plasticity in the name plastic only refers to the
           | plasticity during manufacturing which means it can be easily
           | shaped or molded.
           | 
           | In their usable form plastics have varying modes of failure
           | many of them do not deform at all but shatter just like
           | glass.
        
       | solarkraft wrote:
       | The talk about it mainly being used on path ways means it's
       | especially exposed to the environment, making me concerned about
       | plastic particulate being released. Some research on the topic
       | would be nice.
       | 
       | Is this really the best use for plastic, can't you do a lot more
       | with it than that? Doesn't mixing it with sand make it much
       | harder to recycle later? Isn't cement a just fine binder for sand
       | (which is the actually scarce resource)?
       | 
       | With all those concerns, though, that she's a materials engineer
       | calms my inner voice eager to scream "scam".
        
       | ahepp wrote:
       | Simply based on the face that this article lists the cost of
       | recycled bricks, but not the cost of traditional bricks, I feel
       | quite confident saying this is an entertainment piece, and the
       | bricks have no serious commercial prospects outside of being a
       | conversation piece.
       | 
       | "News" sites really love stories about inventions in Africa, but
       | if you read this crap you almost certainly come away with a
       | _worse_ understanding of the economy in whatever state they 're
       | talking about. I stopped reading Quartz entirely, because their
       | emerging markets coverage was composed entirely of this stuff.
       | 
       | If you're really interested about innovation in the African
       | economy, the investments China is making are what you should be
       | reading about. That's what's actually going to change the future
       | of Africa. FT has some good coverage of it all (although they're
       | expensive).
        
       | kristo wrote:
       | About the microplastics and deterioration : would it be better if
       | we just buried the trash in a landfill? Seems the bricks might
       | offer a slight improvement or break even there
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | Nice. Using it for pavers makes sense, too. It will have some
       | elasticity, which is fine for pavers but bad for structures.
       | 
       | There are a few variants on this idea already. One is just to
       | compress trash plastics into blocks, with no sand.[1] Another is
       | a process more like brick making, where the material is
       | melted.[2] That process is 20% recycled plastic, 80% sand etc.
       | 
       | There are problems. UV deterioration. Cracking at low
       | temperatures (probably not a problem in Kenya). Flammability.
       | Poor adhesion to mortar. In the end, it's still polyethylene.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.byfusion.com/
       | 
       | [2] https://www.irjet.net/archives/V6/i4/IRJET-V6I4238.pdf
        
       | terse_malvolio wrote:
       | https://preciousplastic.com/
        
       | coderintherye wrote:
       | Oh wow, this is great to see! I know Nzambi from a trip to Kenya!
       | She's been working on this for years and despite a great
       | performing product she really struggled to find funding.
       | Hopefully this coverage will help with that. If anyone is
       | interested in funding her and wants to get in touch I can reach
       | out on your behalf.
        
       | sn_master wrote:
       | Polyethylene is highly flammable. The article isn't talking about
       | how they're solving this (are they?).
       | 
       | This has been a problem for quite sometime now, with many high-
       | profile cases (https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-41680157).
       | 
       | This was an excellent ABC documentary I saw sometime ago on the
       | same topic: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gnTZLzXq8fU
        
         | josefresco wrote:
         | FTA
         | 
         | "These are high density polyethylene, used in milk and shampoo
         | bottles; low density polyethylene, often used for bags for
         | cerals or sandwiches; and polypropylene, used for ropes, flip-
         | top lids and buckets."
         | 
         | Are cereal bags, ropes, shampoo bottles and buckets highly
         | flammable?
        
           | sn_master wrote:
           | Yes?
           | 
           | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/004060.
           | ..
           | 
           | If you have a counter-source, please share it.
        
             | josefresco wrote:
             | I don't, I was genuinely asking. It would seem like given
             | it's popularity that would be an issue. But, crazier things
             | have happened when it comes to consumer safety regulations.
             | 
             | Anecdotally I've probably touched an open flame to
             | synthetic rope, milk jugs and maybe a bucket or two in my
             | life but can't say I've ever seen any of these items react
             | in an uncontrolled or dangerous way.
        
               | mediaman wrote:
               | Sure, they're flammable.
               | 
               | But the amount of BTUs in, say, packaging, is negligible,
               | because it's so lightweight.
               | 
               | When you combine lots of recycled packaging into dense
               | bricks, it becomes a lot of dense BTUs, so can provide a
               | lot of fuel to a fire.
        
               | _jal wrote:
               | Plastic fires are nasty. Aside from toxic fumes, plastic
               | melts, So gravity will help it spread, if there's a way
               | for it to do so.
               | 
               | You're not going to cause a runaway with a lighter and a
               | pop bottle without working at it. But, say, an electrical
               | short in a closet with hanging synthetics can take off
               | pretty quickly.
        
               | why_Mr_Anderson wrote:
               | And of top of that, burns from plastics are HORRIBLE,
               | think napalm, but worse.
        
           | kaonwarb wrote:
           | In a college engineering class we produced (in teams) rockets
           | emitting mach-diamond exhaust consisting of nothing more than
           | HDPE rods bored in specific patterns, supplied with pure
           | oxygen, and ignited.
        
             | rootusrootus wrote:
             | > supplied with pure oxygen
             | 
             | That is key. A lot of things make a hell of a flame when
             | you supply them with pure oxygen.
        
         | darkwater wrote:
         | Wood also is highly flammable and that is not stopping one of
         | the most developed country in the world to keep using it to
         | build houses.
        
           | sn_master wrote:
           | Wood used for construction is required by law to be fire
           | treated.
           | 
           | https://www.fp-supply.com/st-louis-fire-treated-lumber.html
        
             | audunw wrote:
             | Where? In what contexts? It's not required for houses or
             | town houses where I'm from at least. From the pictures I
             | guess it's mostly relevant to larger buildings?
        
               | saltyshake wrote:
               | "Over 90% of the homes that are built in the United
               | States each year are constructed using wood-frame
               | construction"
               | 
               | https://awc.org/codes-standards/firesafety
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | And close to 100% of those are built with garden variety
               | untreated fir lumber.
        
           | audunw wrote:
           | It doesn't melt though. In fact mass timber is relatively
           | resistant to fire, possibly better than steel. If I remember
           | correctly, the surface chars and becomes a relatively good
           | insulator of heat, so the core preserves its strength.
        
           | syoc wrote:
           | Wood really isn't that flammable either. Most thing in your
           | house, furniture, paint, books, drapes etc. is on fire before
           | your walls or your floor. Huge caveat on solid wood walls and
           | floor.
        
         | coderintherye wrote:
         | These are mostly used for paving stones (or at least they were
         | when I met Nzambi a couple years ago), so the flammability
         | issue is not as much of a concern since they are not inside
         | buildings but rather used for walkways usually placed in the
         | dirt.
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | I could totally imagine a walkway made of polyethylene blocks
           | could catch fire in a big way... You wouldn't want that
           | walkway to be all around your house...
        
         | liamkinne wrote:
         | I would imagine the mixing in of sand would mitigate this
         | mostly.
        
           | sn_master wrote:
           | I would love to see how that works. The ABC documentary is
           | saying that even the big-industry produced polyethylene for
           | buildings isn't properly flame-resistant, even the EU-
           | approved ones.
        
           | adrianmonk wrote:
           | There was a Reddit thread where someone made a case why it
           | wouldn't:
           | 
           | https://www.reddit.com/r/worldnews/comments/ler5uc/kenyan_re.
           | ..
           | 
           | I'm certainly not an expert, and I don't know if the person
           | writing in that thread is either (although their style of
           | writing suggests they might be knowledgeable).
        
       | nexthash wrote:
       | A lot of people here are asking the same question and I can't
       | find it addressed anywhere: how does this product not heavily
       | pollute the environment? Since the bricks contain plastic they
       | are prone to flaking and the formation of microplastic particles,
       | which can last for thousands of years and get into the digestive
       | systems of animals and humans. Also, the plastic might crack from
       | constant UV radiation under the Kenyan sun. Could somebody
       | explain what the rationale might be for putting 1000 plastic
       | bricks/day into the environment or if there's something I'm
       | missing?
        
         | ineptech wrote:
         | > how does this product not heavily pollute the environment?
         | 
         | They do. Everything pollutes the environment, including
         | breathing. Do you think solar panels don't have toxic chemicals
         | in them?
         | 
         | The sensible way to judge this relative, not absolute. The
         | question you should be asking is not whether plastic bricks are
         | bad, it's whether they're worse than whatever happens to the
         | plastic waste in Kenya that _isn 't_ used to make bricks.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | ahepp wrote:
         | The entertainment industry loves stories about inventions in
         | Africa. Occasionally, people make the honest mistake of
         | thinking it's newsworthy. I am quite confident you will never
         | hear or see of these bricks, that they are numerous different
         | ways they are not commercially viable, and that they are
         | probably as bad or worse for the environment than just throwing
         | the garbage in a landfill.
         | 
         | (although I'd certainly be glad to be wrong)
        
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