[HN Gopher] Is US Manufacturing the next tech boom?
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       Is US Manufacturing the next tech boom?
        
       Author : lloydarmbrust
       Score  : 32 points
       Date   : 2021-02-09 18:38 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.forbes.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.forbes.com)
        
       | tlack wrote:
       | Another interesting development for US-based small scale
       | manufacturing - LCD resin printers.
       | 
       | * More reliable (fewer moving parts and only one element needs
       | calibration)
       | 
       | * Less expensive (just an LCD screen + Z axis)
       | 
       | * Much faster to print (any number of parts that fit on the build
       | plate print get printed at the same time)
       | 
       | * More flexible materials (independent control over color and
       | material properties)
       | 
       | Interesting times ahead..
        
         | lloydarmbrust wrote:
         | Manufacturing is getting more and more specialized and lean.
         | Which is good because the barrier to entry is lower which means
         | the innovation will only go up.
        
       | beauzero wrote:
       | I thought a lot of base chemical production had moved to China
       | and India? Is that not a barrier to entry for the US? We had them
       | post WWII due to wartime production but it has slipped since.
       | Sorry I am very interested but rather uninformed in this area.
        
         | lloydarmbrust wrote:
         | Yes it has. More expensive in the US because the environmental
         | standards are much higher here... but that's exactly why there
         | should be more of this type of production here.
        
       | avgDev wrote:
       | "Traditionally, manufacturers sell through retailers, group
       | buying organizations and other middlemen, but times have
       | changed." - this statement could not have been more wrong. There
       | is a massive amount of manufacturers who sell directly to other
       | manufacturers/companies.
        
         | lloydarmbrust wrote:
         | That's my point. Most manufactures are stuck in these giant
         | slow enterprise-sales processes.
         | 
         | When a hospital wants to buy from Armbrust, we send them to our
         | shopify store, they can put in a PO and we ship same day. It's
         | like bringing the internet to a world that's been using fax
         | machines to communicate.
        
           | avgDev wrote:
           | They are not "stuck" in anything. Manufacturing is a lot more
           | complex than a customer placing an order online and you
           | shipping the next day. There is production planning, storage
           | considerations, purchasing of raw materials, and the list
           | goes on. Manufacturers use information from their customers
           | to increase or decrease production.
           | 
           | If I were to place an order for 1 million masks on your
           | shopify store you would ship them the same day?
        
             | eindiran wrote:
             | Given how many manufacturers are using enormous, ungodly
             | spreadsheets (that someone who's no longer at the company
             | created back in 2002) to manage their manufacturing flow,
             | many are pretty clearly "stuck" in old, rather shitty ways
             | of doing things.
        
               | contingencies wrote:
               | I am beginning to manage physical production but come
               | from a software background. While we don't use
               | spreadsheets for production management (yet!), I want to
               | explain why this is not insane.
               | 
               | Spreadsheets seem backward to software people because we
               | are confident with manipulating data with more flexible
               | tools. We see them as backward primarily because they are
               | batch-oriented and cannot easily handle distributed
               | writes, elegant types, reflective programming,
               | serialization, automated updates, etc.
               | 
               | However, consider a small to medium scale manufacturer.
               | They have millions of dollars invested in equipment. They
               | have dedicated employees who know that equipment, its
               | settings, its maintenance, and its operation. To those
               | employees, software is a sideshow.
               | 
               | Chances are, for any given manufacturing order there is
               | going to be the following: pricing the order, sending out
               | a quote, taking a downpayment, allotting or acquiring the
               | raw materials, preprocessing, temporary storage of parts,
               | scheduling the machine and operator time against other
               | orders for all unit operations necessary, post-
               | processing, final assembly or QA, consolidating and
               | packaging, actual shipping, settlement.
               | 
               | Can you see how batch-oriented processing actually makes
               | reasonable sense for this sort of scenario? Going real
               | time is quaint but if it doesn't buy you anything and you
               | need to hire "$oftwarEUR-dEURv$" to create and maintain
               | interfaces that still require human input and have less
               | familiarity to your very-busy-operators than a simple
               | spreadsheet - why not use a spreadsheet? It's cheaper,
               | faster, more familiar (read: less errors, ~no training
               | required) and therefore from a business standpoint more
               | effective.
        
               | rectang wrote:
               | Spreadsheets are the right answer for small manufacturers
               | who don't have overqualified developers hanging around
               | and willing to work for below market rate.
               | 
               | If at some point the manufacturer gets big enough to
               | outgrow spreadsheets, there are plenty of well
               | established upgrade paths.
        
               | eindiran wrote:
               | Regarding small, batch-oriented manufacturing; I am sure
               | you're right that spreadsheets are better suited for that
               | domain. But there are plenty of moderately-sized, batch-
               | oriented factories or continuous-flow manufacturers that
               | are using spreadsheets as well, and I don't think the
               | technique is nearly as well suited there.
               | 
               | To clarify, my problem isn't with spreadsheets as a tool
               | in general: my problem is that spreadsheets are powerful
               | enough to do this particular job even for larger
               | factories, but not powerful enough to do it without
               | quickly becoming 10,000 layers of accreted, fossilized
               | spaghetti. If the process is illegible to everyone who
               | manages the factory, using the spreadsheet is akin to
               | divination by tea leaves: dump your numbers into the
               | sheet and hope that you can interpret the right action
               | from it.
               | 
               | Restated: it seems to me that spreadsheets are often
               | taken well-past their limits as an effective tool in the
               | management of factories, and nobody seems to notice that
               | its happening until its too late.
        
       | AtlasBarfed wrote:
       | Overseas manufacturing is based on arbitrage of lack of caring
       | about human rights and ecological regulation, and a lack of a
       | proper carbon tax on the transport.
       | 
       | Tariffs are a universal evil of economics, but if on-the-ground
       | economic policy won't account for human rights and long term
       | ecological preservation and the survival of the species, then
       | I'll take a crude equivalence and a boost to domestic
       | manufacturing.
       | 
       | They just need to be instituted gradually.
       | 
       | But worry not libertarians of HackerNews, that'll NEVER happen.
       | Missing quarterly stock price targets so your options cash will
       | always take precedence over the survival of the species.
        
         | sjcoles wrote:
         | > Overseas manufacturing is based on arbitrage of lack of
         | caring about human rights and ecological regulation, and a lack
         | of a proper carbon tax on the transport.
         | 
         | Yup. Many US made products are US assembled. The constituent
         | components are still produced with slave labor and reckless
         | abandon for the environment. There are some regulations around
         | made in the usa vs assembled in the usa but they are minimal.
        
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