[HN Gopher] New 10 Terapixel Image of the Night Sky Contains 1B ...
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       New 10 Terapixel Image of the Night Sky Contains 1B Galaxies
        
       Author : soheilpro
       Score  : 121 points
       Date   : 2021-02-08 17:17 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (kottke.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (kottke.org)
        
       | tosser0001 wrote:
       | This is just a wrapper around:
       | 
       | https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/a-billion-galaxies-lurk-in-a-1...
       | 
       | Probably should change the link to that
        
       | jbritton wrote:
       | Any idea what the colors indicate. There are some patches of
       | mainly blue galaxies on a black background. These stand out as
       | kind of unique. I initially zoomed all the way out, and in the
       | top left is a giant blue and black area that looks like a lamp. I
       | assumed this to be some imaging problem. Upon zooming in though
       | one can see other blue on black areas.
        
       | KenoFischer wrote:
       | Counting the number of galaxies in these image datasets is
       | actually a highly non-trivial, supercomputer-scale problem. I
       | worked on this a few years back! Paper link for those interested:
       | https://arxiv.org/pdf/1801.10277.pdf
        
       | cma wrote:
       | Has anyone taken stuff like this and applied deep learning to
       | cluster it and look for galaxies/other entities with standout
       | features? Any good papers on stuff like that?
        
         | hypertele-Xii wrote:
         | Galaxy Zoo [1] applies distributed humans to classify galaxies.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.zooniverse.org/projects/zookeeper/galaxy-zoo/
        
       | lb1lf wrote:
       | Whenever life gets you down, Mrs.Brown
       | 
       | And things seem hard or tough
       | 
       | And people are stupid, obnoxious or daft
       | 
       | And you feel that you've had quite enough
       | 
       | Just remember that you're standing on a planet that's evolving
       | 
       | And revolving at nine hundred miles an hour
       | 
       | That's orbiting at nineteen miles a second, so it's reckoned
       | 
       | A sun that is the source of all our power
       | 
       | The sun and you and me and all the stars that we can see
       | 
       | Are moving at a million miles a day
       | 
       | In an outer spiral arm, at forty thousand miles an hour
       | 
       | Of the galaxy we call the 'milky way'
       | 
       | Our galaxy itself contains a hundred billion stars
       | 
       | It's a hundred thousand light years side to side
       | 
       | It bulges in the middle, sixteen thousand light years thick
       | 
       | But out by us, it's just three thousand light years wide
       | 
       | We're thirty thousand light years from galactic central point
       | 
       | We go 'round every two hundred million years
       | 
       | And our galaxy is only one of millions of billions
       | 
       | In this amazing and expanding universe
       | 
       | The universe itself keeps on expanding and expanding
       | 
       | In all of the directions it can whizz
       | 
       | As fast as it can go, the speed of light, you know
       | 
       | Twelve million miles a minute and that's the fastest speed there
       | is
       | 
       | So remember, when you're feeling very small and insecure
       | 
       | How amazingly unlikely is your birth
       | 
       | And pray that there's intelligent life somewhere up in space
       | 
       | 'Cause it's bugger all down here on Earth
       | 
       | -Eric Idle
        
         | efynn wrote:
         | Had to sing it along :-D
        
       | protoman3000 wrote:
       | Compared to winning the jackpot in a standard state's lottery,
       | how unlikely is it that Earth is the only planet containing life?
        
         | Sohcahtoa82 wrote:
         | Three topics you might enjoy:
         | 
         | Drake's Equation [0], the Fermi Paradox [1], and the Great
         | Filter [2].
         | 
         | Drake's Equation basically tries to guess the number of
         | civilizations in our galaxy by multiplying the rate of star
         | formation, the fraction of stars with planets, the average
         | number of planets that could support life, the fraction that
         | actually DO develop intelligent life, the fraction that develop
         | a method of communication that sends signals into space (such
         | as radio), and the length of time those civilizations exist.
         | Obviously, a lot of unknowns here, but if you take some
         | guesses, you can create estimates.
         | 
         | The Fermi Paradox is the contradiction that the galaxy is so
         | vast that it's incredibly improbable that we're the only
         | intelligent civilization in existence, so how come we haven't
         | found any evidence of other civilizations? Considering how
         | relatively young the Earth and our Sun are, some other
         | intelligent life should have expanded into a multi-star species
         | by now, and we should have seen evidence for it.
         | 
         | The Great Filter is basically an answer to the Fermi Paradox.
         | Basically, there are several steps to go from "a star system
         | that might support life" to "interstellar colonization". Life
         | likely needs to start from reproductive molecules, eventually
         | evolving to complex multi-cellular life, to tool-using
         | intelligence, to technology advancement, and eventually towards
         | space exploration and an explosion of space colonies. The
         | question is which step is hardest, least likely to be achieved?
         | Which step is the Great Filter that has led to the apparent
         | lack of evidence of other civilizations? If the filter is, say,
         | the development of complex multicellular life, then it's very
         | possible that Earth really is the only planet with intelligent
         | civilization. If the filter is the final step, then we haven't
         | reached it, and our outlook is bleak, as it would indicate that
         | other intelligent civilizations have gone extinct despite their
         | intelligence.
         | 
         | Obviously, these are very very abridged descriptions. Each of
         | them has entire books dedicated to them.
         | 
         | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drake_equation
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi_paradox
         | 
         | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Filter
        
         | jandrese wrote:
         | IMHO anybody who says we are alone hasn't comprehended the
         | scale of the universe.
         | 
         | It's unthinkable that there isn't life elsewhere on the almost
         | uncountable other star systems. Unfortunately I think we may
         | have also proven that interstellar travel is effectively
         | impossible thanks to the Fermi paradox.
        
           | indrax wrote:
           | If the info we have is proof that no species in history could
           | do any of the things that would let us notice them, then it
           | can't also be strong evidence that they must exist.
        
           | captainclam wrote:
           | Or the great filter. :/
        
         | steve_adams_86 wrote:
         | Honest question: Is it possible to answer this without knowing
         | how life occurs?
        
         | aardvark179 wrote:
         | That's a hard question to answer. The Drake equation breaks the
         | problem down by expressing it as the product of other
         | probabilities that might be easier to quantify, but even
         | pinning down some of those is still really hard.
        
         | lwansbrough wrote:
         | Not sure it's possible to answer this question accurately with
         | a sample size of 1. :)
        
       | floxy wrote:
       | Here's an unrelated question. Do we think essentially all stars
       | are contained within galaxies? Or could there be there free-
       | floating stars in the universe that aren't confined to galaxies?
        
         | sanity31415 wrote:
         | Galaxies aren't always cohesive, they can collide, split apart,
         | etc - so the answer is "no".
        
         | renke1 wrote:
         | See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogue_star
         | 
         | Also interesting: "The hypothesis that stars exist only in
         | galaxies was disproven in 1997 with the discovery of
         | intergalactic stars."
        
         | gizmo686 wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergalactic_star
         | 
         | Such stars have been observed to exist. The common thought is
         | that they formed within galaxies but ejected from them through
         | gravitational forces.
        
       | aduitsis wrote:
       | The vastness of the cosmos we are living in, is simply
       | unfathomable. I'm not even sure we have the ability to really
       | appreciate the scale here. After a certain point it becomes just
       | numbers.
        
         | unavoidable wrote:
         | I agree, unfathomable. But one interesting thought that I
         | usually entertain is that based on our best estimates there are
         | more stars in the universe than there are grains of sand on
         | Earth. Now imagine every time you step foot on a beach and
         | think - there is potentially a star system for every grain!
         | 
         | https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/are-there-more-grains-of...
        
       | AbraKdabra wrote:
       | There is absolutely no possible way we are alone in the universe.
        
         | lm28469 wrote:
         | It depends on how you look at it, we could very well be alone
         | right now. Humanity is fairly recent and modern human history
         | fairly short. There could have been dozen of other advanced
         | civilizations on other planets just 1 million years ago and we
         | most likely will never know about them. Or dozen advanced
         | civilizations in 1 million years in the future long after we
         | have collapsed. When you add time to the equation everything is
         | possible, a few million years is a lot for us but nothing for
         | the universe
        
           | tcldr wrote:
           | So, when you see that picture of 1 Billion galaxies, each
           | with a few billion solar systems, you think it's more likely
           | than not we're alone?
        
             | lm28469 wrote:
             | Nobody knows. If only carbon based life is possible and it
             | needs liquid water then, afaik, most of these stars don't
             | have a planet susceptible of hosting life as we know it,
             | and even for the ones with the right conditions we might be
             | a bit early or a bit late.
             | 
             | It's hard to quantify the chances of life existing anywhere
             | else at the same time as us when we don't have any idea of
             | how it came to exist in the first place. We might be the
             | exception, we might not. You can't just make the
             | connection: "billion of stars" = "we're not alone". I don't
             | pretend to know what's "likely" on a universal scale and I
             | don't think anyone should
        
             | onion2k wrote:
             | That ignores how likely intelligent life is to arise, which
             | is something we don't know.
        
         | Shorel wrote:
         | We are alone.
         | 
         | The aliens, they are extremely far away. Probably not even
         | their light can ever reach our "known universe".
         | 
         | They also are alone.
        
         | Razengan wrote:
         | Sorry, our science dictates that we are.
        
           | tcldr wrote:
           | Source?
        
           | NeutronStar wrote:
           | Based on human science and based on the fact that normal
           | matter only represent 4% of all matter.
        
           | Sohcahtoa82 wrote:
           | You're allowing a lack of evidence to be evidence of the
           | negative.
           | 
           | The incredible vastness of the universe means it's incredibly
           | unlikely we're the only intelligent civilization in
           | existence. But the incredible size of the universe also means
           | that any radio signals being emitted by said civilizations
           | haven't reached us, and even if they did, they'd be so weak
           | they'd just be background noise.
           | 
           | A picture with 1 billion galaxies...each with millions of
           | stars...each potentially with any number of planets...it just
           | seems really unlikely that we're the only ones out there.
           | 
           | But even if we somehow proved another civilization exists,
           | outside of the knowledge that we're not alone, it'd be
           | meaningless. They're way too far away to observe, let alone
           | communicate with.
        
         | onion2k wrote:
         | I like to imagine we are the only intelligent life in the whole
         | universe sometimes. It's _highly_ unlikely, but it isn 't
         | impossible. Given that possibility, we certainly aren't great
         | at looking after what might be the most significant species on
         | that entire map.
        
       | 0000011111 wrote:
       | In November 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space
       | mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-
       | sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of sun-like stars
       | and red dwarf stars within the Milky Way Galaxy.[2
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drake_equation#Current_estimat...
       | 
       | So at a rate of 40 billion earth like planets in each galaxy.
       | Deep field from Hubble turned up 125 billion galaxies. 125
       | billion * 40 billion = 5e+21
       | 
       | That means that over billions of years there is allot of time for
       | life creation and death within the universe.
        
       | elil17 wrote:
       | The viewer is served using a REST protocol and Javascript library
       | used to display maps. Just thought that was cool!
        
       | wmwmwm wrote:
       | I could look at this in full-res if only I had a multi monitor
       | setup with a million 4k screens!
        
       | DavidSJ wrote:
       | What are all the horizontal bands?
        
         | dvh wrote:
         | CCD artefact. In CCD charge from one pixel is carried to the
         | edge of the chip to be read, when the signal is too strong it
         | bleeds into neighboring pixels.
         | 
         | This is how CCD works:
         | https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/CC...
        
         | SiempreViernes wrote:
         | Big diffraction spikes for oversaturated stars.
        
           | SiempreViernes wrote:
           | Here's an example where you get to see lots of the optics in
           | the telescope along with the sky: https://viewer.legacysurvey
           | .org/?ra=165.4455&dec=56.3941&lay...
        
       | redisman wrote:
       | Very excited to see what the James Webb telescope will show us if
       | the launch happens this year as planned
        
       | dazhbog wrote:
       | I tried to zoom in, and it only went a few clicks.. I was like
       | cool. Then I started zooming out and out and out. The scale is
       | just insane.. Im sure if we had a better camera and a medium to
       | store the pixels, it would be like a Mandelbrot basically.
        
       | kangnkodos wrote:
       | There are two very similar galaxies here. I've heard of a gravity
       | lens making a star look like it's two. Is it possible a gravity
       | lens is making a galaxy look like two?
       | 
       | https://viewer.legacysurvey.org/?ra=211.0715&dec=81.6327&lay...
        
         | kangnkodos wrote:
         | If you select Overlays, Bright Objects, Tycho-2 stars, they get
         | labelled as Tycho-2 4564-935-1 and Tycho-2 4564-1031-1. So I
         | guess they are stars?
        
         | SiempreViernes wrote:
         | Those look like two saturated stars, so not actually galaxies.
         | But in general yes, gravitational lenses can create multiples
         | images of a galaxy, here is an example of four images ( pretty
         | rare, not of galaxies though)
         | https://www.space.com/28744-cosmic-lens-4-supernova-views-ph...
        
       | gillytech wrote:
       | This makes me feel a little better about the whole "heat death"
       | problem.
        
       | macu wrote:
       | I wonder how the ASKAP dataset will compare when it's rendered as
       | an image
        
       | Jakobeha wrote:
       | The size of this image is comparable to Google Maps.
       | 
       | Go to Google maps and zoom out as much as possible. The bottom
       | right hand corner should display a line measuring 1000 miles.
       | Then zoom in so that the line measures 1 mile.
       | 
       | This is the same as zooming out on this map so to 30 degrees,
       | then zooming in to 100 arcsec.
       | 
       | Google maps can zoom in a bit more to 20ft, but it's still
       | impressive.
        
       | notum wrote:
       | Enjoy it while you can folks, next iteration of this project will
       | only show Starlink serial numbers in great detail.
        
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       (page generated 2021-02-08 23:00 UTC)