[HN Gopher] Multiway Turing Machines
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       Multiway Turing Machines
        
       Author : nsoonhui
       Score  : 59 points
       Date   : 2021-02-08 13:55 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.wolframphysics.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.wolframphysics.org)
        
       | kraemate wrote:
       | Very interesting and different way to "visualize" non
       | determinism. The connection to quantum mechanics is intriguing...
        
       | sdwr wrote:
       | This is probing the gap between classical and quantum computing.
       | The picture of a turing machine diffusing across probability
       | space looks quantum-y.
       | 
       | Are quantum effects simulatable classically? Let's say our
       | universe is a turing machine working in the timewards direction,
       | how many extra layers would be needed to add quantum effects?
       | Assuming the extra layers work outside the flow of time and have
       | edit power over reality.
        
         | lisper wrote:
         | > Are quantum effects simulatable classically?
         | 
         | Yes. A QM cannot compute anything a TM cannot. But there are
         | certain problems for which a QM can provide exponential speedup
         | over a TM. The most obvious of these is solving the
         | Schroedinger equation for systems with a large number of
         | degrees of freedom.
        
       | spark3k wrote:
       | I speak for many readers when I say: "What?"
        
         | throwaway81523 wrote:
         | tl;dr, but I think we had something like that in CS class back
         | in the day:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Turing_machine
        
       | boothby wrote:
       | Esolang nerds will recognize befunge as a 4-way machine, and Piet
       | as an 8-way machine.
        
       | abelaer wrote:
       | Wolfram gets (perhaps rightly) mocked a lot for his claims, but I
       | think he actually does really good work, and has original ideas.
        
         | Robotbeat wrote:
         | I agree. I roll my eyes at some grandiose claims WRT physics
         | fundamentals (not that it's wrong per se, just not a kind of
         | "Theory of Everything"), BUT he does original, brilliant work.
        
       | whatshisface wrote:
       | I know I risk looking dumb by asking this, but does this idea
       | lead to any new ideas or conclusions, or is it just a way to draw
       | graphs that look like upside-down deciduous trees in the winter?
        
         | max_ wrote:
         | To appreciate the article, you need to first understand the
         | scoop of Stephen Wolfram's intellectual persuite.
         | 
         | This is obviously pure theoretical computer science (turing
         | complete automata), but what Wolfram is trying to investigate,
         | is if physical phenomenon can be explained through the use of
         | cellular automata configured with simple rules (which explains
         | why he's trying to link it to quantum physics).
         | 
         | If he is right, it would mean that we would have completely new
         | ways of computing physical calculations of nature and that
         | could posses some advantages.
         | 
         | Besides that, it also opens up our knowledge on what exactly
         | computing is, through the articulation of computational
         | process.
         | 
         | For a more comprehensive article on this aspect o suggest you
         | see https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2020/04/finally-we-
         | may-h...
        
       | taliesinb wrote:
       | So personally I'm quite excited about the whole "multiway" point
       | of view on non-determinism. The causal graphs that Stephen
       | presents here are one way of summarizing how local events
       | interact with one another across the space of possible histories,
       | but you can go further. I'm working on a generalization of this
       | idea, which I'm calling a token event graph, which "factors"
       | causally distinct subsystems of a rewrite system (such as an
       | NDTM, a hypergraph rewriting system, a string rewriting system,
       | etc.) in a clean and precise way. While it is still early days,
       | there is already an intriguing amount of rich mathematical
       | structure to describe and formalize. I hope to publish a blogpost
       | about this soon.
        
       | [deleted]
        
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