[HN Gopher] Are the Persian Gulf city-states slave societies?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Are the Persian Gulf city-states slave societies?
        
       Author : cmrdporcupine
       Score  : 187 points
       Date   : 2021-01-30 14:43 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (aeon.co)
 (TXT) w3m dump (aeon.co)
        
       | monadic3 wrote:
       | Yes.
        
       | joejohnson wrote:
       | No more than any capitalist society. The gulf states are just an
       | extreme examples of exploitation, but capitalism necessitates
       | treating a slice of society as expendable labor.
        
         | joejohnson wrote:
         | Look at an example from the other end of the spectrum,
         | Switzerland, a capitalist society with a good human rights
         | record (at least that's the general consensus among western
         | nations).
         | 
         | One of their largest multinationals, Nestle, successfully
         | fought a policy proposal last year that would require Swiss
         | corporations to follow environmental and human rights
         | regulations across their entire supply chain (the
         | Konzernverantwortungsinitiative [1]).
         | 
         | Weeks after this initiative barely failed to pass, Nestle won a
         | decision in the US Supreme Court meaning the country could not
         | be sued by former child slaves in US court [2].
         | 
         | 1.
         | https://www.srf.ch/news/abstimmung-29-november-2020/konzernv...
         | (German) 2. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-court-
         | slavery-idUSKBN...
        
           | estaseuropano wrote:
           | One company finding its way around the rules and manipulating
           | lawmakers to change the rules for them is still far from the
           | systemic and structural slavery in the UAE.
        
             | joejohnson wrote:
             | Companies finding their way around rules by manipulating
             | lawmakers sounds "systemic" or "structural". And the
             | example I gave was literally a law banning use of slave
             | labor. Only difference is where the slaves are located.
        
       | cmrdporcupine wrote:
       | "The kafala (sponsorship) system binds all low-status migrant
       | workers in the Gulf to their employers. Generally, the kafala
       | system requires the worker to obtain the employer's permission to
       | travel or leave the worksite to look for other employment.
       | Regulations require a minimum of two years of work for the
       | sponsor (kafeel) before such permission will even be considered.
       | This encourages widespread wage suppression and conspiracies to
       | deny such permission. Such 'labour bans' effectively bind the
       | worker to the employer for a long period of time. More
       | significantly, a worker can't get an exit visa from the
       | government without permission of the kafeel. "
        
         | trianglem wrote:
         | Sounds like the H1-B
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | The US lets immigrants leave if they want. Most US
           | immigration issues revolve around people being forced to
           | leave.
        
             | nradov wrote:
             | Or around people being prevented from working rather than
             | forced to work.
        
           | dominotw wrote:
           | I didn't have to get permission from my employer to look for
           | another job. Not sure if you are trolling. Flagged the
           | comment.
        
           | JohnBooty wrote:
           | H1-B is far from ideal to put it mildly, but it's about an
           | order of magnitude away from what's described in the article.
        
           | citizenkeen wrote:
           | No it doesn't. Please educate yourself before contributing
           | further.
        
         | hef19898 wrote:
         | A friend of mine worked there in the 70s. German civil
         | engineer, and the conditions, albeit luxurious, have been what
         | I would call a labour camp. There seems to be a pattern there.
        
           | fakedang wrote:
           | Three things:
           | 
           | a.) your German friend would likely have not been in the
           | kafala system since that is for the labour force.
           | 
           | b.) the kafala system has been banned in the UAE since 2005,
           | with a pretty punitive fine regime, although that hasn't done
           | enough to eliminate it (Govt. lenient treatment for its
           | cronies vs independent contractors, both who follow the
           | practice). It's still in force in other countries in the
           | region.
           | 
           | c.) Your friend will likely have been staying at a township
           | for workers, which is often the common pattern for mining
           | towns in most countries in Asia. Conditions usually tend to
           | be luxuriant, and nowhere near the labour camps (which are
           | actual camps).
        
           | oblio wrote:
           | And don't forget Europeans and Westerners in general have a
           | super privileged position compared to the other workers.
        
         | grecy wrote:
         | When I tried to get residency in Canada as a Software Engineer
         | I was told by my local MP to get a minimum wage job for two
         | years at Walmart, McDonalds or Canadian Tire because they had
         | rubber-stamp approval with the government, and it was the
         | easiest way.
         | 
         | In my town, all the immigrants worked at those places, and they
         | lived 15 to a small house. Not surprisingly, no Canadian was
         | willing to do those jobs.
         | 
         | While obviously not nearly as bad as the conditions in the
         | article, it's certainly in a similar vein.
        
         | api wrote:
         | Yes, that is slavery.
         | 
         | You could argue that a less organized de facto system of
         | slavery exists for migrant workers in many other countries
         | including the USA. Migrants roam in and work but really have no
         | rights as they are undocumented. People can intimidate them or
         | worse largely with impunity because who would bother
         | investigating? Sure technically it's illegal to abuse migrants
         | but nobody's watching.
         | 
         | Migrant work is something that really demands a coordinated
         | international effort to reform.
         | 
         | Then you have Uyghur forced labor in China.
         | 
         | Slavery has not been abolished in anything but name.
        
           | blix wrote:
           | In many ancient Roman and Greek societies, migrant labor was
           | actually lower on the totem pole than slavery. If you are a
           | slave, at least your owner theoretically has an interest in
           | your survival.
        
             | antman wrote:
             | Let's point out that being a slave in those societies until
             | very late in their existence did not always mean being
             | locked with a chain.
             | 
             | You would take out a loan or lose a costly war and there
             | were whole shopping districts like Keramikos (pottery shops
             | area) in Athens where the slaves had shops and tried to
             | earn their way out of slavery. Any similarities with
             | present societal structures purely circumstancial ofcourse.
        
               | sudosysgen wrote:
               | It's actually really depressing reading about this :/
        
               | andrewjl wrote:
               | Sounds really close to the current student loan regime in
               | the US when you think about it.
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | No it doesn't. You came do whatever you want while you
               | pay back loans.
        
               | andrewjl wrote:
               | The situation was almost the same in the Classical world.
               | The only difference being the debt relationship was
               | personal and not institutional.
               | 
               | You can do whatever you want while you pay back loans
               | today as long as you keep your contact information
               | current. Just try and move without informing your
               | lenders. That can be treated as a default. And if you can
               | do whatever you want while maintaining a suitable income
               | to make these sort of loan repayments, your experience is
               | an outlier for all but a very small portion of Americans.
        
               | sudosysgen wrote:
               | It was actually the same way. Outside of their slavery
               | obligations, they were allowed to do whatever they wanted
               | to pay back their sum to earn freedom, more or less. And
               | of course, they did have their housing and food covered
               | meanwhile.
        
             | juskrey wrote:
             | In ancient Rome, selling oneself to slavery of prospective
             | business owner was both a popular immigration path for
             | foreigners and a career for poor citizens.
        
           | rgbrenner wrote:
           | Migrants, even illegal migrants, in the United States DO have
           | rights. The bill of rights covers all people in our country,
           | whether they are undocumented, tourists, students, or
           | whatever. If you abuse them, they may be deported, but you
           | can be prosecuted and serve prison time for abusing them.
           | 
           | Taking away someone Visa is a crime too.. and preventing them
           | from leaving is a felony. And we prosecute people all the
           | time for that.. human traffickers, for example.
        
             | TomSwirly wrote:
             | Theoretically having rights, and actually being able to
             | take advantage of those rights, are two very different
             | things.
             | 
             | For example, if the asylum seekers during Trump had been
             | able to take advantage of their rights, they would not have
             | had their children stolen from them.
        
             | m463 wrote:
             | You should read about migrants from central or south
             | america - what they go through while traveling through
             | intervening countries and mexico and then coyotes. And
             | deportation back to that is a real threat which means they
             | will shut up in the US.
             | 
             | EDIT: wasn't picking on the US, just saying it's only part
             | of their journey, and once they're in the US, lots of stuff
             | goes unreported.
        
               | rgbrenner wrote:
               | There is a power imbalance between the employer and an
               | illegal immigrant... they can certainly push that further
               | than they could with a us citizen, but since they do have
               | rights, there are limits to the abuse. The immigrant
               | always has a way out, with the worst case penalty being
               | deportation.
               | 
               | Additionally:
               | 
               | - In some cities ("sanctuary cities"), reporting a crime
               | does not lead to deportation.
               | 
               | - They can also apply for amnesty if the conditions in
               | their home country are that bad.
               | 
               | - Agencies accept anonymous reports. The immigrant doesnt
               | even need to be working at the place at the time of the
               | report.
               | 
               | So depending on the circumstances of the abuse, there may
               | be no consequences to the illegal immigrant for
               | reporting.
        
               | pseudo0 wrote:
               | Sounds like the real issue is the pull factor of lax
               | immigration enforcement and widespread under the table
               | employment in the US. We should be emulating the
               | Australian model which has saved thousands of lives by
               | effectively deterring dangerous human trafficking. With
               | robust work visa verification and strict border security,
               | coyotes and other human traffickers would be put out of
               | business.
               | 
               | Solve the problem of employers hiring illegal immigrants,
               | and the issue of these employers abusing the inherent
               | power imbalance disappears as well.
        
               | Larrikin wrote:
               | Its a politcally untenable position on both sides sadly
               | in the US. If employers were fined 2x, 3x, 4x salary for
               | every single employee found to be working under the table
               | the issue would solve itself. But democrats are of the
               | position that people over staying their visas, illegally
               | immigrating, are as an entire group people who will be
               | killed if they go home so will do nothing to actually
               | make life more difficult for people who do those things.
               | Pro business republicans are happy to allow their
               | constituents to get a leg up in their businesses off the
               | back of immigrants before they deport them so the
               | immigrants can't use any public services.
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | I lack the perspective to say if the following point
             | applies in this case, but one must not assume that what is
             | written into law or constitution is what actually happens.
             | 
             | To give a deliberately extreme example, Wikipedia says this
             | about the Constitution of North Korea:
             | 
             | """Citizens have the right to elect and be elected (Article
             | 66), freedom of speech, the press, assembly, demonstration
             | and association (Article 67), freedom of religious belief
             | (Article 68), right to submit complaints and petitions
             | (Article 69), right to work (Article 70), right to
             | relaxation (Article 71), right to free medical care
             | (Article 72), right to education (Article 73), freedom in
             | scientific, literary and artistic pursuits (Article 74),
             | freedom of residence and travel (Article 75) and
             | inviolability of the person and home and privacy of
             | correspondence (Article 79).""" - https://en.m.wikipedia.or
             | g/wiki/Constitution_of_North_Korea#...
        
             | coldtea wrote:
             | > _Migrants, even illegal migrants, in the United States DO
             | have rights. The bill of rights covers all people in our
             | country, whether they are undocumented, tourists, students,
             | or whatever. If you abuse them, they may be deported, but
             | you can be prosecuted and serve prison time for abusing
             | them._
             | 
             | This means they will have to weight-in the deportation cost
             | to them. So they have half-rights compared to someone who
             | doesn't have to be concerned with that...
        
             | standardUser wrote:
             | I hope people understand that this is exactly why sanctuary
             | city policies and government identification for
             | undocumented individuals is so important. If an individual
             | does not feel safe seeking recourse from the government,
             | they are not capable of exercising the rights they do have
             | in the US.
        
           | pk_kinetic wrote:
           | Not to mention the prison-industrial complex in the US.
        
             | stonecraftwolf wrote:
             | IIRC the first prison in the US was established in Auburn,
             | NY specifically because slavery had been outlawed and some
             | sociopath was like "ok, yeah, technically, but if we just
             | convict them of a crime first..."
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana_State_Penitentiar
               | y serves as a notable modern example.
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | No. The Auburn prison was not the first prison, and it
               | employed prisoner slave labor before slavery was
               | outlawed.
               | 
               | Prison slavery existed before chattel slavery was
               | rerouted through the prison system.
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auburn_system
        
             | boxmonster wrote:
             | I see nothing wrong with making prisoners earn their keep
        
               | jnsie wrote:
               | The cash doesn't refund taxes used to pay for said
               | incarceration, to my knowledge. I don't see how they are
               | earning their keep.
        
               | trianglem wrote:
               | When they work for a $1/hr and put actual contractors out
               | of business you understand why it's like slave labor.
        
               | Animats wrote:
               | Even Alcatraz didn't do that. "You are entitled to food,
               | clothing, shelter, and medical care. Everything else is a
               | privilege" - Alcatraz rules.
        
               | pretendscholar wrote:
               | The idea that they should earn their keep implies that
               | residing in prison is something of positive value for the
               | prisoner that they should feel obligated to give
               | something back.
        
               | michaelmrose wrote:
               | Private businesses pay private prisons far more than the
               | prisoners get paid but less than legit labor driving out
               | fairly paid labor.
               | 
               | Everyone who is benefiting lobbies far stricter laws and
               | harsher sentences not for societies benefit but so their
               | labor force can grow.
               | 
               | This slave labor is disproportionately taken from
               | minorities and the poor who it is more acceptable to
               | enslave. Mostly by patrolling areas which have lots of
               | minorities and shaking them down in hopes of finding
               | drugs. See the fact that black and white people do drugs
               | at the same rate but white people are far less likely to
               | be prosecuted.
               | 
               | In one case they actually caught 2 judges taking bribes
               | from private detention to hand juvenile offenders maximum
               | sentences. Effectively selling other people's kids.
               | 
               | Banning private prisons only removes a fraction of the
               | incentive.
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | It's not just private prisons. Public prisons also sieze
               | prisoner labor for sale to private customers or for
               | government work like makit license plates.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | Perverse incentives.
               | 
               | When the prisoners make the prison owners (public or
               | private) more money than they cost, there is pressure to
               | imprison more people and for longer. That can lead to
               | pressure on the enforcers to look harder for
               | infractions... but they might turn a blind eye to
               | infractions by their friends and bosses[0]. Pretty soon,
               | you get feudalism.
               | 
               | [0] _Seven_ of the candidates in the last Tory leadership
               | contest (including the winner) admitted to using drugs.
               | The government has no plans to decriminalise recreational
               | use of any of those substances:
               | https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/jun/09/high-
               | tories...
        
               | coldtea wrote:
               | Do you see anything wrong with having the most
               | incancerated population in the world (25% of the global
               | prison population for just 5% of the world population),
               | or having the most horrendous prison conditions in all
               | the western world?
               | 
               | Do you see anything wrong with blacks and latinos being
               | overrepresented?
               | 
               | Do you see anything wrong with being such a backwater
               | that you still have the death penalty, not to mention BS
               | like "three strikes" laws?
               | 
               | Do you see anything wrong with forced prison labor
               | undercutting regular businesses in the same areas?
        
             | goatinaboat wrote:
             | _Not to mention the prison-industrial complex in the US._
             | 
             | Kept well supplied with labour thanks to Kamala Harris and
             | her draconian persecution of marijuana related "crimes".
        
             | threatofrain wrote:
             | Where does the wealth from such labor go?
        
               | humbledrone wrote:
               | The shareholders for the private prisons in which they
               | are incarcerated:
               | https://www.currentaffairs.org/2020/10/how-private-
               | prisons-p...
               | 
               | :(
        
               | garrettgrimsley wrote:
               | "In 2015, just 8% of the nearly 1.53 million state and
               | federal prisoners in the U.S. were in private facilities"
               | [0]. Prison slavery is not concentrated in and won't
               | disappear by closing private prisons. [1]
               | 
               | [0]https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/11/u-s-
               | private...
               | 
               | [1]https://corpaccountabilitylab.org/calblog/2020/8/5/pri
               | vate-c...
        
               | rrsmtz wrote:
               | Sometimes it's used by the state itself for cost savings,
               | as in California under then-attorney general Kamala
               | Harris (now Vice President):
               | 
               | > "Extending 2-for-1 credits to all minimum custody
               | inmates at this time would severely impact fire camp
               | participation -- a dangerous outcome while California is
               | in the middle of a difficult fire season and severe
               | drought," lawyers from Harris's office wrote in a filing.
               | 
               | https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/politics/kamala-
               | harris-of...
        
               | Tiktaalik wrote:
               | The benefits of reduced labour costs are the middle
               | class.
               | 
               | Similarly the middle class benefits from the lower
               | working class wages that come from exploitation of
               | illegal immigrants.
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | Well, the upper middle class who have higher tier jobs.
               | Not the working middle class. (In USA everyone is
               | "middle" class, because most are too proud to have class
               | consciousness.)
        
             | AndyMcConachie wrote:
             | You can buy products from American prison slaves here.
             | 
             | https://unicor.gov/index.aspx
        
           | cheph wrote:
           | > Migrants roam in and work but really have no rights as they
           | are undocumented.
           | 
           | If they don't want that situation they could always just not
           | enter the US illegally.
        
             | harimau777 wrote:
             | In many cases they are fleeing violence or poverty. They
             | don't really have other options.
        
               | cheph wrote:
               | Fleeing violence and poverty? By voluntarily becoming
               | slaves (people who are owned by other people and have no
               | agency in their lives) by illegally entering a
               | systemically racist and white supremacist country where
               | racist white supremacists cops hunt black people like
               | dogs on the street with impunity?!
               | 
               | And they are slaves inside the US but in no other country
               | that they are in except the US?
               | 
               | This logic does not square for me.
        
               | wpietri wrote:
               | > This logic does not square for me.
               | 
               | So what? I imagine the very last concern of people
               | deciding whether to move to another country in hopes of
               | improving their family's life is whether some random
               | internet commenter understands them.
               | 
               | If you actually want to understand it, writing
               | obstreperous and ignorant forum posts isn't going to
               | change anything. Seek out their own voices and actually
               | listen.
        
               | cheph wrote:
               | > So what? I imagine the very last concern of people
               | deciding whether to move to another country in hopes of
               | improving their family's life is whether some random
               | internet commenter understands them.
               | 
               | They did not call themselves slaves ... someone on HN
               | did. The logic I cannot square is how someone can say
               | these people are slaves with a straight face.
               | 
               | I don't care what they do with their lives, if they want
               | to illegally enter a racist facist hellhole where half
               | the country are white supremacists that is their choice.
               | What I object to is saying they are slaves because they
               | voluntarily make this choice.
        
             | ch4s3 wrote:
             | > they could always immigrate legally
             | 
             | The current immigration system makes that impossible for
             | most workers without degrees and from outside of a few
             | select countries.
        
               | cheph wrote:
               | So then they can go somewhere else. There are billion of
               | people living outside of the US. To suggest they are
               | slaves because they chose to illegally enter the US makes
               | no sense.
        
               | ch4s3 wrote:
               | I never said that, just that legal immigration to the US
               | is basically closed to everyone, which is historically
               | unusual for the US. I also think it's antithetical to the
               | American project.
        
               | cheph wrote:
               | So then how are these people slaves if they could just
               | not voluntarily choose to illegally enter a systemically
               | racist country where people of color are hunted by cops
               | like dogs and treated as subhuman trash by all white
               | people?
        
               | jessedhillon wrote:
               | Where are you getting that information? Near as I can
               | tell, the share of foreign born people who have degrees
               | is similar to the share of all Americans with degrees:
               | 
               | https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.pewresearch.org/fact-
               | tank/2...
               | 
               | Unfortunately this source doesn't break out those who
               | entered with degrees from those who attained degrees in
               | the US. But I have to imagine that many of those are in
               | the latter camp, meaning they entered without degrees.
               | Either way, the majority don't have any degree according
               | to this.
               | 
               | How does your claim square with these facts?
        
             | questionably5th wrote:
             | Except that they can't. If they came in legally then those
             | sites wouldn't hire them. They're hired for the fact that
             | they are undocumented, and therefore can be paid a fraction
             | of what is legally required.
        
               | goatinaboat wrote:
               | _They 're hired for the fact that they are undocumented,
               | and therefore can be paid a fraction of what is legally
               | required._
               | 
               | Completely correct. Undocumented workers compete with
               | those on minimum wage. It's those who are harmed most.
        
               | cheph wrote:
               | So then they can just not enter the US illegally. There
               | are Billions of people living outside of the US every
               | day. And the people in the US is crying day in and day
               | out that it is a racist hellhole and how cops are huting
               | people of color on the streets like animals and burning
               | down cities in protest. Seems like they would be better
               | off somewhere else. I would not immigrate to US if
               | someone paid me.
        
               | wizzwizz4 wrote:
               | There are, actually, worse places to live than the US.
               | Just because the US is one of the worst countries _of its
               | wealth level_ in the world, and just because the English-
               | speaking web is full of US news, that doesn 't mean the
               | US is the worst place to be.
        
               | cheph wrote:
               | Why not rather petition places that is not racist
               | hellholes to take the undocumented immigrants and even
               | some US citizens as refugees? Why try and get them into a
               | racist hellhole in the first place? Just because it is
               | not the worst place in the world, does not mean that the
               | US is not a hellhole.
               | 
               | Really it is abusive to let anyone into that place.
        
             | standardUser wrote:
             | Perhaps you are the kind of person who would rather see
             | their family suffer instead of breaking immigration laws
             | for a chance at a vastly improved life and future for your
             | children. The undocumented workers you speak of are not
             | those kind of people.
        
               | cheph wrote:
               | Perhaps you are the kind of person who thinks slavery is
               | better than liberty as long as your masters look after
               | you well enough. I on the other hand abhor slavery.
               | 
               | You have to believe that being a free person anywhere
               | else than US is worse than being a slave in US for this
               | to make sense. And I'm not a slave, and not in US, and I
               | would much rather be anywhere else than in US, so not
               | sure what I'm missing.
               | 
               | > a vastly improved life and future for your children
               | 
               | In USA? A white supremacist and systemically racist
               | hellhole where cops hunt people of color like dogs on the
               | street and put the ones they don't kill into private
               | slave prisons? How is it better than just not having
               | that?
               | 
               | I would not even visit USA if someone paid me, and I feel
               | sorry for the people who have to live there every day of
               | their lives and if I had more means I would do more to
               | help the people who live in the US find other options.
               | Surely it is some crime against humanity to make people
               | live in a place like that.
        
       | isaacremuant wrote:
       | Maybe. Funnily enough. With the authoritarian and extremely
       | damaging lockdowns in Europe, places like UAE feel 10 times more
       | free than supposed democracies with a lot of freedom. Specially
       | when it looks like dissenting in public (freedom of the press)
       | might destroy your livelihood.
        
       | sabujp wrote:
       | This has been happening for decades, if western govt's look the
       | other way then no one will do anything
        
         | netsharc wrote:
         | I remember a reddit response to someone saying "Why would you
         | live there, you're just condoning the slavery", the person
         | wrote (I'll paraphrase), "Look around you, who made your
         | clothes (probably underpaid Bangladeshi working in unsafe
         | factories), who made your tech [or who mined the rare-earth
         | metals needed], the difference is, in the West, you're a few
         | steps further from this slavery.".
        
           | justnotworthit wrote:
           | surely, the more "steps further from", the better.
        
           | hardlianotion wrote:
           | I guess the principled response to this is to take
           | responsibility for what you use and wear.
           | 
           | The responder is right but glib - his observation should not
           | be a spur to silence and insensitivity to other people's
           | living conditions make societies at all scales more unstable.
        
         | jeffreyrogers wrote:
         | I'm not sure things will improve much if Western governments
         | start paying attention either.
        
       | Ericson2314 wrote:
       | Obviously what goes on there is a whole other level, but even in
       | the the rest of the world, we should realize that allowing
       | someone to a live and work in a country without enfranchising
       | them is an affront to democracy.
        
         | jhbadger wrote:
         | But when? Immediately? As somebody who has worked abroad myself
         | I wouldn't think it appropriate if I suddenly was granted
         | citizenship in a country for just working there for a few
         | years. There should always be a path to citizenship, but I
         | think it is reasonable that you have to live somewhere a decade
         | or so and show that you have a basic understanding of the
         | culture and language first.
        
           | michaelmrose wrote:
           | You are thinking of you having a great boon where you are in
           | a position to put onerous conditions upon it.
           | 
           | Historically we have actually benefited greatly from being a
           | top destination for immigrants and aquired a lot of talent
           | and may wish ultimately that someone else hadn't skimmed the
           | cream while we make it hard.
           | 
           | I think that the primary requirements ought to be not being a
           | criminal where you come from. People who go to school here
           | ought to be offered citizenship at graduation others ought to
           | wait a year. Even the folks that sneak over to work here
           | illegally commit fewer crimes than natives as it stands.
           | 
           | Our birth rate is less than replacement and our density is a
           | fraction of Europes.
        
           | bjelkeman-again wrote:
           | In Sweden, for example someone from Iceland (2 years) and
           | Ireland (5 years) can get citizenship "by just working there
           | for a few years". Immediately I don't think happens many
           | places, but less than a decade does.
        
             | retrac wrote:
             | Everyone who has permanent residency in Canada has a path
             | to apply for citizenship, in principle. I do feel that is
             | reasonable, even morally necessary. In practice it
             | typically takes about 7 years from landing.
        
             | brabel wrote:
             | In Sweden, if you're from outside the EU, you can get
             | citizenship after 5 years working in the country. I believe
             | that for EU citizens it's less than that.
             | 
             | In many other countries, like Australia and (I think?)
             | Canada, for example, one can become a citizen after 4 years
             | living and working in the country.
        
               | BryanBigs wrote:
               | Legally. I don't believe the path to citizenship is paved
               | if you are working and staying in either of those
               | countries illegally. Both Australia and Canada are quite
               | picky on whom they let in. It's points based, supposed to
               | be fit to the needs of the country. For giggles, I took
               | my score for Canada. As a middle-aged individual, I
               | wouldn't be able to get in under the normal program even
               | while nearly topping out most other categories (I speak
               | English and French, have advanced degrees, etc). Of
               | course, you can buy your way in to almost any country.
        
               | brabel wrote:
               | I was talking about legal immigrants. If you're caught
               | illegally in Australia you're basically immediately
               | deported even if you've managed to stay in the country
               | illegally for many years. There were some notorious cases
               | of people being deported after 20 years in the country
               | (not sure if the outcry from their supporters actually
               | stopped any deportation)... Sweden is almost as
               | dacronian. It is known to deport parents of children born
               | in Sweden (who are legally Swedish citizens) because they
               | were illegally in the country.
        
           | chmod600 wrote:
           | What about multi-generaltional requirements, like "one of
           | your parents must have been born here"?
           | 
           | Also, it gets complex when discussing illegal immigration.
           | What if an immigrant is laying low for an extended time? Is
           | it different if the host country looks the other way and
           | doesn't really enforce the laws, because some sectors benefit
           | from the cheaper labor?
        
           | Ericson2314 wrote:
           | I'm pretty materialist. So let's igmore culture/language: if
           | you have a job, they are getting benefits of your presence
           | immediately. So shouldn't you get some franchise immediately?
           | If you _don 't_ vote, aren't you effectively a scab on
           | democracy?
           | 
           | The US is kinda hypocritical in that on one hand there is a
           | tacit desire to lord it over non-citizens, and in the other
           | hand there is a vocal concern about exacerbating the glut of
           | labor.
           | 
           | Well, an individual American can't have it both ways: you're
           | either a net worker or net owner.
        
             | Ericson2314 wrote:
             | Another nest trick, what if instead of waiting to accrue
             | the franchise, there was a way to retroactively remove the
             | franchise of those that leave. Why should the past rule
             | over the future?
        
               | chmod600 wrote:
               | What do you mean exactly and how would that work?
        
               | Ericson2314 wrote:
               | I don't really know how that would work. But I could
               | imagine a partial implementation would be automatically
               | triggering recall elections if enough voters for the
               | victor moved away before the victor's term was up.
        
       | saiya-jin wrote:
       | Anybody who transferred flights in places like Dubai could see
       | _huge_ asymmetry in employees of airport between natives and
       | foreign workers mostly from south east asia. Natives hardly do
       | any work, look utterly bored and either chat or stare at phones
       | all day long.
       | 
       | Foreigners do all the actual hard work (unless they can't like
       | security/immigration work).
       | 
       | I am not surprised, after many stories how badly folks from ie
       | Nepal are treated there. I don't see even a slight international
       | pressure from big players like US or EU. Maybe similar reasons
       | like with China - don't mess with important players, in this case
       | oil providers?
       | 
       | Man, I sure do miss traveling...
        
         | grecy wrote:
         | > _Anybody who transferred flights in places like Dubai could
         | see huge asymmetry in employees of airport between natives and
         | foreign workers mostly from south east asia. Natives hardly do
         | any work, look utterly bored and either chat or stare at phones
         | all day long._
         | 
         | Every time I go to the USA I'm shocked when I see that exact
         | same asymmetry between service workers and the white-collar
         | class.
        
           | dang wrote:
           | Please see https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25972311 and
           | stop posting nationalistic flamebait to HN. It doesn't matter
           | which country you have a problem with--you're breaking the
           | site guidelines and it needs to stop. Please don't do it
           | again.
        
         | smabie wrote:
         | All Emiraties in Dubai get paid huge salaries and as you say,
         | do pretty much nothing. Police officers might make 200k/yr.
         | It's pretty much a giant welfare state.
         | 
         | Many foreigners do very well over there as well, but a much
         | larger percent (Africans, Indians, and southeast Asians) do
         | not. Also the number of women imported on tourist visas for
         | prostitution is _staggering._
        
       | ibn_khaldun wrote:
       | There is no doubt that the conditions in these areas are horrid.
       | 
       | But trying to rectify them under an Islamic pretense will prove
       | fruitless because the countries involved are not Islamic
       | territories.
        
       | johnyzee wrote:
       | Maybe. But singling them out while happily consuming products
       | produced under similar, or worse, conditions reeks hippocracy. It
       | is fully in our power to force companies to source manufacturing
       | to places where you have more than one day off in a year, or are
       | paid in more than lodging and rice, but we don't like to talk
       | about this, although that is actually within our power to change.
       | Why is this?
       | 
       | And, preemptively, this is not 'whataboutism'. As I said, our own
       | consumption patterns are in our hands to change (arguably this
       | includes enabling these gulf states with our tourism dollars but
       | that's another point). But we hear a lot of whining about this
       | 'slavery', however accurate that may be, but hardly any
       | discussion about the outsourced manufacturing processes that we
       | wholly depend on, which almost certainly fit the bill as much as
       | anything.
        
       | 1996 wrote:
       | No, the kafala makes it indentured servitude, as was done in the
       | US hundreds of years ago to pay for the expansive one-way trip.
       | 
       | Migrant workers generally benefitted from it, which is why it
       | never ran short of volunteers.
       | 
       | Slavery does not benefit workers, which is why it requires
       | physical capture and subjugation.
        
         | antihero wrote:
         | Did you miss the part where they are deceived into taking the
         | jobs and prevented from leaving?
         | 
         | > They often end up in the Persian Gulf after responding to
         | deceptive and misleading advertising in their home countries,
         | causing them to either pay large sums or to borrow such sums
         | from employment agents to secure employment in the Gulf and to
         | pay for their transportation, housing and food. When they
         | arrive, they learn that, based on the value of their wage in
         | real terms, it will be nearly impossible to pay off any debt
         | they have incurred or replenish the sums they have expended.
         | This encourages their employers to withhold, delay or simply
         | not pay wages, coercing the workers to remain on the job,
         | sometimes for a lifetime.
        
           | tt433 wrote:
           | FWIW this did happen to some indentured Europeans in the New
           | World. I'm nevertheless surprised GP thinks that's excusable
           | or defensible in the 21st century.
        
             | DenisM wrote:
             | > I'm nevertheless surprised GP thinks that's excusable or
             | defensible in the 21st century
             | 
             | They did not say that.
        
               | hitekker wrote:
               | If you look a few comments below, you can see the poster
               | in question defending modern-day slavery:
               | 
               | > We may disagree, but it's their country. And people who
               | don't like it can always leave
        
         | tokai wrote:
         | Indentured servitude or debt bondage is considered slavery with
         | international agreement.[0] It's by far the most common form of
         | slavery in the modern world.
         | 
         | [0]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supplementary_Convention_on_th...
        
         | khuey wrote:
         | Do these people get to stay in and become citizens of the host
         | country after the term of their contract is up? I've never
         | heard of that happening.
        
           | 1996 wrote:
           | Can anyone at all become a citizen of the persian countries?
           | 
           | No, because they care about preserving their political system
           | and way of life- a bit like Japan
           | 
           | We may disagree, but it's their country. And people who don't
           | like it can always leave (yes, I have heard the stories about
           | passports being taken, I'd call that enforcing the contract
           | for the initial term period, and it's not like consulates
           | don't exist)
        
             | danans wrote:
             | > Can anyone at all become a citizen of the persian
             | countries?
             | 
             | They are not Persian countries. They are _Arab_ countries
             | that lie on the southwest shore of the Persian Gulf. There
             | are huge cultural and linguistic differences between the
             | two, to say nothing of the political differences, both
             | historically and down to current moment.
             | 
             | Furthermore, those Arab countries have been trying to
             | change the international standard name of the body of water
             | to "Arabian Gulf" to counter their adversary Iran.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_Gulf_naming_dispute#:
             | ~...
             | 
             | > Can anyone at all become a citizen
             | 
             | No, unless you are ancestrally connected to the country or
             | it's co-ethnic neighbors, or are a foreign woman who
             | marries an Arab UAE citizen.
             | 
             | Some selected naturalization requirements from the UAE's
             | website (https://u.ae/en/information-and-
             | services/passports-and-trave...):
             | 
             | - An Arab individual from Omani, Qatari or Bahraini origin
             | 
             | - Arab individual who enjoys full legal capacity, has
             | continuously and lawfully resided in the member emirates
             | for at least seven years
             | 
             | - Any person, other than those mentioned above, who enjoys
             | full legal capacity if he has continuously and legally
             | resided in the member emirates for a period of no less than
             | 30 years
             | 
             | - A foreign woman married to a UAE National may be granted
             | nationality by citizenship after the lapse of seven years
             | 
             | As out of touch as this might seem with modernity, remember
             | that the United States had anti-miscegenation laws on the
             | books until 1967, and only opened immigration from non-
             | white countries in 1965.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-
             | miscegenation_laws_in_the...
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_A
             | c...
        
             | AlotOfReading wrote:
             | You can't preemptively "enforce a contract" by denying
             | someone their basic human rights. Can you explain the
             | ethical system that could possibly lead you to believe
             | otherwise?
        
               | michaelmrose wrote:
               | I'll take libertarian fantasies safely incubated in a
               | society that won't allow the worst abuses that their
               | philosophy would lead to unchecked for 500 Alex
        
             | michaelmrose wrote:
             | You shouldn't be able to sell yourself into slavery.
             | 
             | Putting minimum standards you can't opt out of is the only
             | way to maintain basic right in the face of inevitably
             | growing asymmetry that is the inevitable outcome of even a
             | small amount of initial inequality. Having a slightly
             | higher share of current resources makes it possible to tilt
             | the board to obtain a larger share of future resources
             | until an increasingly small portion owns more and more.
             | 
             | Ultimately slavery would be the alternative for starvation.
        
             | khuey wrote:
             | So it's not really anything like the indentured servitude
             | in the American colonies then.
        
       | preommr wrote:
       | I think a really big problem with these discussions is that
       | "slavery" is too broad a term. There's a huge difference between
       | the brutal chattel slavery of black people in early American
       | history and what some people call being "corporate slave" where
       | someone has to work long hours in a white collar job. And yet,
       | people still use the word "slave" for both. And the usage is both
       | serious and unironic.
        
         | tokai wrote:
         | No it's not a broad term. It is precisely defined by
         | international conventions.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1926_Slavery_Convention
        
         | cmrdporcupine wrote:
         | The actual article goes into a lot of analysis of exactly what
         | they mean by slavery in relation to ancient slave societies.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | vixen99 wrote:
         | The 'problem' is introduced by you. The subtitle is "The
         | glittering city-states of the Persian Gulf fit the classicist
         | Moses Finley's criteria of genuine slave societies" and
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_the_21st_century which
         | expands on the topic worldwide, isn't about working long hours
         | in a white collar job.
        
           | monadic3 wrote:
           | Did you mean blue collar? The articulation of american wage
           | slavery does not typically orient around white collar jobs.
        
       | eplanit wrote:
       | This is well-depicted in the movie "Syriana". One of the
       | characters and his uncle are working for the oil industry in such
       | circumstances. Spoiler alert: the nephew becomes and
       | extremist/terrorist, showing how easy it is for a young person
       | with no options and in such circumstances to be so persuaded.
        
         | ficklepickle wrote:
         | You are dangerously close to empathizing with terrorists,
         | citizen. How dare you try and understand them. We have always
         | been at war with terrorism. This incidence of extremism has
         | been added to your social credit report.
         | 
         | /s
        
         | mellosouls wrote:
         | That's a terrific film, but a bit misleading in its central
         | message; many of the most infamous terrorists and extremists in
         | the real world (bin Laden an example) seem to have middle-
         | class/privileged backgrounds.
        
           | fakedang wrote:
           | Actually I think it was really good at showing exactly that.
           | The young Pakistani guy was just a pawn in the game
           | controlled by somebody way above, whom we don't even see in
           | the movie. His immediate superior in the militant ranks, the
           | Arab, looks clearly more educated than he is.
           | 
           | That is exactly how these terrorist organizations are
           | structured.
        
       | rayiner wrote:
       | What's deeply messed up is that in Bangladesh, where I'm from,
       | people are way more outraged at Israel (which they have zero
       | connection to personally) than quasi-slavery of other
       | Bangladeshis in the Gulf States. It's the product of powerful
       | propaganda.
       | 
       | It's kind of horrifying to see the effect of that same propaganda
       | here in the US recently.
        
         | joejohnson wrote:
         | You can be outraged at two things at the same time.
         | 
         | But the apartheid situation in Israel is perhaps a more blatant
         | example of ongoing human rights abuse, and thus easier to
         | understand compared to the more subtle racism as class
         | subjection in the US.
        
           | rayiner wrote:
           | > You can be outraged at two things at the same time.
           | 
           | Sure, but what they choose to be outraged about can be
           | telling. You see so many people talking about "apartheid" in
           | Israel, but almost no one complaining about modern day
           | slavery in the Gulf States. Your typical American has no
           | reason to be more "outraged" about one than the other. The
           | fact that one is vastly more prominent in the public
           | consciousness speaks volumes.
        
         | lupire wrote:
         | Hatred of Jews is the most powerful unifying force in world
         | history.
        
         | danans wrote:
         | > than quasi-slavery of other Bangladeshis in the Gulf States.
         | It's the product of powerful propaganda.
         | 
         | Why is it surprising? It's not complicated. Gulf states - not
         | Israel - pay the bills in Bangladesh. It also throws in
         | religious fundamentalist indoctrination schools for free,
         | schools that preach hatred of Israel.
         | 
         | > It's kind of horrifying to see the effect of that same
         | propaganda here in the US recently.
         | 
         | The majority of the US supports both Israel's and the
         | Palestinians' right to exist without oppression and fear of
         | attack. People are largely opposed to either party violating
         | that principle.
         | 
         | Perhaps you missed the outrage in the US at the murder of Jamal
         | Khashoggi, or the bipartisan condemnation of the Saudis' war
         | against Yemen while the previous president and his family
         | courted them, or the US renewable energy industry that is
         | trying to decouple us from Gulf petroleum dependency.
         | 
         | The US public has deeply soured on the Gulf States across the
         | political spectrum. The only people who are still warm to them,
         | as ever, are those who seek access to their immense capital or
         | are enamored with their theocratic and authoritarian system of
         | government.
        
           | rayiner wrote:
           | I wonder if Khashoggi's murder would have gotten a much
           | attention if Trump hadn't commented about it.
        
       | dimitar wrote:
       | What percentage of the migrant labourers are slaves? The article
       | seems to site examples of abuse (no doubt existing and still
       | horrible), but seems to extrapolate them into the norm.
       | 
       | I'm skeptical that it is the majority of cases since migrants
       | send a huge amount of remittances to their home countries and a
       | lot of people depend on this labor. In the article it was
       | mentioned that a builder gets paid $28k per year which is still
       | great for the majority of the world.
       | 
       | This is one article on the dependence of some areas of India to
       | remittances from the Gulf states:
       | https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nri/forex-and-remittanc...
        
         | r00f wrote:
         | The article says that it is not your traditional slavery. Yes
         | they are getting paid and they support their families back
         | home, and yet I am not surprised that they die in such numbers
         | (according to article). You would understand if you came and
         | just witnessed their living and working conditions. I've worked
         | in Dubai for 4 years and despite I was paid well (and no income
         | tax), it really felt like slavery. And seeing those poor souls
         | in construction sites didnt add to my happiness either. Btw, i
         | personally knew people who were paid 300$ per month (hotel room
         | cleaning staff). That $28k average per year seems more like
         | officially reported number, not the real one.
        
       | afrcnc wrote:
       | short answer, yes, if you're a migrant
        
       | amir734jj wrote:
       | As someone who grew up in the middle east near the gulf
       | countries, this is a well-known problem for a long time. The
       | labor is extremely cheap there and none of the Arab natives of
       | these countries work as laborers. Unfortunately it doesn't stop
       | at labor workers, there is a lot of human trafficking there as
       | well. The skyscrapers and the shiny downtowns don't get built by
       | themselves. Someone pays the price.
        
       | hkai wrote:
       | As a general rule, if the headline of an article is a question,
       | the answer is "No".
        
         | bryanrasmussen wrote:
         | I believe Kurt Godel once wrote an article called "Is
         | Betteridge's Law Of Headlines Always Correct?"
        
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