[HN Gopher] Class Action Lawsuit Filed Against Robinhood
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Class Action Lawsuit Filed Against Robinhood
        
       Author : po1nter
       Score  : 359 points
       Date   : 2021-01-28 19:39 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.yumpu.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.yumpu.com)
        
       | janmo wrote:
       | What did you expect? When it is free you are the product.
       | Robinhood uses pay for order flow, a system invented by Bernie
       | Madoof to generate revenue. It is really time to leave this
       | broker.
        
         | hayd wrote:
         | It's not necessarily free
         | https://robinhood.com/us/en/about/gold/
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | All the paid brokerages have done the same. This is really not
         | about trading fees.
        
       | optimalsolver wrote:
       | Virtually all trading platforms have blocked users from opening
       | positions on these symbols. Why is Robinhood being singled out?
       | 
       | Also, considering 99.9% of people jumping on the bandwagon have
       | absolutely no idea what they're doing, they'll probably thank RH
       | down the road for preventing them from losing all their money.
        
         | Red_Leaves_Flyy wrote:
         | Robinhood was the first.
        
         | avereveard wrote:
         | blocking options calls from account that can't cover the
         | position: good, probably saved people from getting into debt
         | 
         | blocking purchases of shares from accounts that have enough to
         | cover the contract: highly sketchy and worthy of deep scrutiny
         | 
         | some broker did 1, some did 2, but form screenshots alone is
         | hard to tell which did which
        
         | Avalaxy wrote:
         | DeGiro is still good. Bought GME there today.
        
           | janmo wrote:
           | I also use DEGIRO, and it is a good broker, it doesn't do
           | this scammy pay for order flow thing that Robinhood and Trade
           | republic are doing, that said, I didn't buy GME and I would
           | not recommend buying it.
        
             | mcv wrote:
             | It is super risky, but there's a definite path to profit
             | here: the short-sellers sold too much stock. 140% of the
             | shares, it appears, which means shares were borrowed, sold,
             | and then borrowed from the buyer it was sold to and sold
             | again. And when all those shorts run out, the short-sellers
             | need to have bought shares back again. With share prices
             | this high, they're going to have to pay a lot of money for
             | them, and people holding shares could make a ton of profit.
             | 
             | But it's definitely risky. You could lose a lot of money.
             | Many of the people buying are also doing it to stick it to
             | the hedge funds and give them a taste of their own
             | medicine.
        
         | mcv wrote:
         | Many trading platforms still allow trading. And there's no real
         | reason not to, except to protect the hedge funds that fucked
         | up.
         | 
         | Edit: And I just found out my platform (Binck) doesn't accept
         | trades anymore.
         | 
         | Edit: Apparently they do accept trades, but only if your limit
         | is close to the current price. I was increasing mine because it
         | wasn't executing at the lower price. Eventually I did get in at
         | the lower price. We'll see where this goes.
        
         | the_drunkard wrote:
         | > Virtually all trading platforms have blocked users from
         | opening positions on these symbols.
         | 
         | Can you be more specific? Robinhood & Webull are the only two
         | that I'm aware of.
        
           | nannal wrote:
           | 212 did this aswell.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | crookshanked wrote:
           | TD Ameritrade is preventing me from opening positions right
           | now.
        
             | totony wrote:
             | TD Canada has prevented some forms of orders (e.g. market
             | buy), but not limit buy - I think this isn't so bad as
             | their clients might expect the quoted price and get screwed
             | at open because of volatility
        
           | andrewmunsell wrote:
           | Ally was as well (I am not sure who fills the orders), but
           | Fidelity was still working for me.
        
           | NotzoCoolKid wrote:
           | Tastyworks also blocked opening new positions.
        
           | oh_sigh wrote:
           | tastyworks went to close-only @ 11:39AM per an email, and
           | opened it back up at 3:12PM today. They blamed Apex clearing,
           | which is the custodian for tastyworks accounts.
        
         | alasdair_ wrote:
         | Vanguard hasn't. Fidelity hasn't. TD Ameritrade hasn't (other
         | than not allowing margin for shorts). I disn't check Schwab but
         | I don't think they blocked purchases either.
        
         | adrr wrote:
         | I am so curious what the long term plan for GME is. Is it to
         | hold the long term? If it's not, what are the plans to unwind?
        
           | Beached wrote:
           | shirt sellers borrow stock, then sell it. when the shirt is
           | up, they are required to buy new stock and return the
           | borrowed shares.
           | 
           | if the stock price is higher when they borrow and sell, and
           | lower when they buy and return, they make a profit equal to
           | the difference. they lose money if the stock price goes up.
           | all these people buying GME and driving the price up will
           | hold GME stock, and the shirt sellers will be forced to
           | purchase back the stock at premium prices. even if the stock
           | price goes down slightly, the people buying up all the GME
           | will still profit.
           | 
           | but more importantly a lot of people's goal is to f over a
           | major firm that constantly over leverages itself.
        
             | adrr wrote:
             | That's main goal. But what is long term goal of the
             | position. After short sellers go bust. What are people
             | going to do with their positions?
        
               | tonfa wrote:
               | There will always be more short sellers to bet on the
               | overpriced stock to go down ;)
        
           | sveme wrote:
           | At some point those shorts are due - if the owner of the
           | shorts doesn't hold the necessary stocks, it's going to be
           | expensive.
           | 
           | That's my understanding. What happens afterwards? No ideas.
           | Some people want to see hedge funds burn, I would not mind
           | that either.
        
             | betterunix2 wrote:
             | Short sales do not work like that. You can have a short
             | position indefinitely, as long as you pay the margin
             | interest and meet the margin maintenance requirements.
             | Options positions are another story, in-the-money calls do
             | require delivery of the shares by the expiration date, and
             | next such date is tomorrow.
             | 
             | Nobody is going to make the hedge funds burn. At this point
             | the hedge funds are fleecing whoever was buying shares or
             | options yesterday (who do you think they bought them
             | from?).
        
               | boatsie wrote:
               | Exactly, "wall st" as a whole is making bank off this
               | volatility, as well as Blackrock and Fidelity finds. The
               | real way to actually stick it to wall st would be if all
               | of main st sold all their equities..
        
               | sveme wrote:
               | Thanks for teaching me something I did not know! May the
               | post above be forever a monument to my ignorance!
        
           | nerdponx wrote:
           | I believe the original r/WSB idea was to induce a short
           | squeeze and cause Melvin Capital to lose their shirts.
           | 
           | See: http://www.isthesqueezesquoze.com/
        
             | adrr wrote:
             | That's the main goal. But what's the plan afterwards? I see
             | posts with people holding a non trivial amount of stock.
             | Losing $100 to own hedgefunds is different than risking
             | $10k+.
        
           | throwaway0a5e wrote:
           | This is the "buy high sell never" part of the meme.
           | 
           | Imagine there are only two shares GME.
           | 
           | You buy two GME for $1ea. Two short sellers needs 1 GME each
           | lest they hemorrhage money on fees. You loudly announce your
           | plan to hold half your GME forever. The short sellers trip
           | over each other to pay you stupid money for the one GME you
           | are selling. You then sit on the other GME for awhile, maybe
           | sell it in a year or two for a buck. In any case despite
           | buying two and selling one you've made a ton of profit.
           | 
           | Now scale this up to several million people.
        
             | tonfa wrote:
             | > Now scale this up to several million people.
             | 
             | And many more shares, most of them hold by corporate and
             | institutions (some of those institutions will be happy to
             | lend shares as well). Also more shares can be issued.
        
           | TheCapn wrote:
           | My understanding is the long term plan is to try and bankrupt
           | some hedge funds or drive the SEC/regulatory bodies to
           | enforce rules against the elite class of investors; its not
           | entirely about profit for everyone.
           | 
           | There's so much discussion on HackerNews today about people
           | who are going to lose out on these stocks where I've seen a
           | healthy amount of comments on Reddit in the last week of
           | people buying stock merely "for the lulz". I think there's a
           | non-insignificant amount of "investors" who have tossed
           | paltry sums at $GME with no plans on making a return.
           | 
           | Honestly, I'd have done the same, but I don't do any form of
           | stock trading so I don't have accounts on any platforms to do
           | it. I've done the same with various crypto shitcoins and made
           | a few bucks off throwing $50 or $100 at something I don't
           | expect to ever see return on too.
        
             | adrr wrote:
             | I am curious what the average holding is for GME. $100 * 2
             | million WSB subscribers is $200m to make a stock go to $24b
             | market cap. That isn't a lot of cash. People are posting
             | screenshots with $10k+ holdings on WSB. Monday volume
             | indicates a massive amount of stock movement.
        
         | pgt wrote:
         | Could someone please confirm this, but as I understand they
         | blocked buys but not sells, or the other way around? Instead of
         | freezing the stock, it drives the price in one direction.
        
           | IgorPartola wrote:
           | Correct. They blocked buys which would drive the price down,
           | benefitting Citadel, their main source of revenue. I don't
           | know if that's why they did this but that's what the lawsuit
           | is for: to find out. At worst, Robinhood is going to close
           | because of this and their and Citadel's execs might face
           | prison for manipulating the market.
        
             | pgt wrote:
             | Thanks for confirming! What happens if this kind of thing
             | happens due to an unintentional bug? Do execs go to jail
             | for market manipulation?
        
               | lovecg wrote:
               | Not a lawyer, but I imagine it's similar to how
               | industrial accidents are treated. If there was proper due
               | diligence and precautions, and it was truly an "act of
               | God" sort of thing, that's understandable. If on the
               | other hand their processes are not up to snuff and they
               | moved a bit too fast and broke one too many things, I
               | imagine they wouldn't be treated as nicely.
        
         | xeonoex wrote:
         | Robinhood is what all the people jumping on the bandwagon used.
         | And this coincided with a sharp price drop on all of these
         | stocks blocked. The reason was "Due to ongoing volatility", but
         | any trader will tell you volatility is how money is made. It
         | took all of the normal people out of the game, and tried to
         | scare them into selling so that the ones holding the shorts are
         | in a better position.
         | 
         | And to add to that, a company (Citadel) that pays Robinhood a
         | large amount of money for their data is one of those with the
         | short positions. So Robinhood itself has a stake in this.
         | 
         | Disclaimer: I have no idea what I am talking about and this is
         | only my opinion.
        
           | lovecg wrote:
           | > And to add to that, a company (Citadel) that pays Robinhood
           | a large amount of money for their data is one of those with
           | the short positions. So Robinhood itself has a stake in this.
           | 
           | That's quite a claim. Got a source on that?
        
             | xeonoex wrote:
             | Again I have no idea what I'm talking about, but
             | 
             | https://www.equities.com/news/robinhood-is-said-to-
             | get-40-re...
             | 
             | https://twitter.com/justinkan/status/1354853920762253315
             | 
             | I'm no market expert, but I know that when cash is flowing
             | between two companies, they generally have shared
             | interests.
        
         | marcinzm wrote:
         | >Why is Robinhood being singled out?
         | 
         | Likely because it has the most impacted users. I suspect other
         | platforms will get lawsuits as well in time if this one
         | proceeds.
        
         | Triv888 wrote:
         | I've been buying on TDA and Schwab today... I think that TDA
         | only restricts you if you are on a margin account.
         | 
         | I'm on a cash account because I like to avoid their "pattern
         | day trader" protection.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | jcranmer wrote:
       | I've scanned the lawsuit (https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov
       | .uscourts.nysd.553175...). I'm not a lawyer, but my first reading
       | of it is that this is not a strong lawsuit.
       | 
       | The complaint is largely framed around "Robinhood prevented us
       | from executing trades against GME, and it is contractually
       | required to execute all trades." However, the actual contract
       | explicitly says the opposite: Robinhood can choose to limit
       | execution at its own discretion. So in order to win, plaintiffs
       | basically have to get the relevant clauses of the contract to be
       | ruled illegal. The extent to which this is possible is dependent
       | on securities law which I am _very_ unqualified to comment on,
       | although I will note that the complaint does at least include
       | some relevant allegations to what they need to do, which is
       | better than other lawsuits I 've seen (oh hi Parler).
        
         | sandworm101 wrote:
         | For any contract with vague or difficult language, one has to
         | read in a degree of reasonableness. The intention of that
         | language was most likely to protect Robinhood if it took
         | emergency actions, such as the circuit breakers on stock
         | exchanges that will halt trading if it looks like the computers
         | are doing something crazy (e.g. irrational sub-second
         | runs/crashes of listed stocks). A court could reasonably say
         | that what is happening with Gamestop today is similar to such
         | situations, that Robinhood can protect itself and investors by
         | not executing trades for the period of the crisis. What
         | Robinhood definitely could not do under that language is, for
         | example, halt all trading _except_ on Gamestop. That would
         | definitely not be a reasonable emergency action.
        
         | beezle wrote:
         | Personally, in hindsight, I think the better course of action
         | would have been to raise the margin requirement on those
         | holdings to 100%. However, I imagine the SEC requires notice of
         | more than overnight on such action which is probably why they
         | have simply stopped trading those issues.
         | 
         | The failure on the brokers then was in not gradually raising
         | the margin requirements the past two weeks when it became
         | obvious that this was a volatility disaster in the making.
         | 
         | The failure of the regulators was, if correct, allowing shorts
         | to be > 100% of the float. They were asleep and should have had
         | a hammer on any dealers who were lending fictious shares.
        
           | yaur wrote:
           | They did that too
        
         | banachtarski wrote:
         | You're not a lawyer, which is why you don't understand that ToS
         | writing _never_ protects you from actual criminality, which in
         | this case appears to be a clear case of market manipulation
         | (restricting trades to only sales and not buys? how much more
         | blatant can you get).
        
           | jcranmer wrote:
           | Which is why the complaint spends all of (checks document) 1
           | sentence alleging market manipulation:
           | 
           | > Upon information and belief, Robinhood's actions were done
           | purposefully and knowingly to manipulate the market for the
           | benefit of people and financial intuitions who were not
           | Robinhood's customers.
           | 
           | And even then, there aren't enough other facts _in the
           | complaint itself_ for me to feel comfortable justifying
           | discovery. For example, they never mention that Robinhood
           | allowed only sales, instead alleging that Robinhood
           | disallowed all trades with GME.
           | 
           | The best route plaintiffs have to win the lawsuit is to argue
           | Robinhood's illegality here. They don't do that effectively
           | in the complaint, which hurts their case (though they could,
           | and probably should, amend their complaint accordingly).
        
           | TristanBall wrote:
           | Surely its a response to market manipulation? Which, almost
           | by definition is going to require some level of intervention.
           | 
           | My understanding is the forum members were colluding to drive
           | up the price of particular securities? How is that not
           | manipulation?
           | 
           | Although I guess I would have preferred the relevent stock
           | markets to step in with a complete trading halt on those
           | securities if intervention was required.
        
           | pr0zac wrote:
           | So I generally agree with you and feel like there's some
           | amount of market manipulation and wall street types taking
           | advantage of normal retail investor folks going on here. That
           | said, I'd like to challenge some of my axioms and strengthen
           | my own beliefs so raising one question I don't have a good
           | answer for.
           | 
           | If Robinhood is doing what they claim, ie: is having issues
           | fulfilling orders and/or is legitimately trying to protect
           | retail investors by limiting purchases of a volatile asset,
           | wouldn't it be worse if they prevented people from selling as
           | well as buying? Is there some detail I'm missing that makes
           | only limiting buy orders "blatant" proof of market
           | manipulation and not the best possible option they had if
           | they were acting in good faith?
           | 
           | Note: even if my counter argument here is correct, I don't
           | think that necessarily means nothing fishy going on since
           | there are a lot of other questionable factors at play and
           | even if they were acting in good faith within the "stock
           | market game" that doesn't mean the game as a whole isn't
           | rigged.
        
         | f430 wrote:
         | Market manipulation is still manipulation whether you've
         | written it in your Terms of Service (which isn't the law btw
         | like Craigslist do-not-scrape "law"). The basic spirit of the
         | contract between a trade executor and the client does not allow
         | for interference barring regulatory or SEC enforcement.
         | 
         | Meaning RH took it on themselves to enforce a rule that its
         | users had no idea of, hence the outrage.
         | 
         | If it was well known (with clear warnings on the splash screen
         | of RH highlighting their "special" rule) then the case might be
         | different.
         | 
         | If it gets rejected at this level then almost certainly SEC
         | will be involved. If they side with RH then it would certainly
         | destroy the trust of the retail trading industry. We also now
         | seem to be witnessing a political opportunity for the Biden
         | administration (ex. AOC's tweet throwing support for WSB).
         | 
         | Essentially what we are seeing is a payback by the people who
         | got outsmarted by a bunch of redditors and arguing that they
         | cannot be allowed to fail for their own stupid trades (like
         | shorting over 100% of the stock available), so they pulled all
         | the tricks in the book to once again bend the market to their
         | will like they always have.
         | 
         | Anybody who thinks things will go as they have before are
         | mistaken; We are in a very different political environment and
         | stuff like this is the perfect opportunity for the Biden
         | administration.
        
           | enraged_camel wrote:
           | >> Market manipulation is still manipulation whether you've
           | written it in your Terms of Service (which isn't the law btw
           | like Craigslist do-not-scrape "law").
           | 
           | Yes. And intentionally interfering with supply and demand is
           | the textbook definition of market manipulation -- it appears
           | in SEC powerpoints and everything!
           | 
           | https://www.sec.gov/files/Market%20Manipulations%20and%20Cas.
           | ..
        
           | beezle wrote:
           | I'm sure this will all be downvoted because it will hurt
           | peoples feelings.
           | 
           | 1- RH, Etrade, etc are not manipulating anything. The ones
           | who manipulated were the reddit and other chat rooms. If
           | Costco doesn't want to stock your favorite item any more do
           | you get to sue because you still want to buy it?
           | 
           | 2- If the customers had no idea of the legal documents they
           | signed when they opened their accounts, their bad, not the
           | broker.
           | 
           | 3- 'the trust of the retail trading industry' Certainly not
           | retail investors (who are not the people doing this stuff).
           | And I doubt also retail traders who are not engaged in mob
           | trades based on what is coming out of internet chat
           | rooms/boards. There was day trading prior to the advent of
           | Robinhood and Covid-19, right?
           | 
           | 4- First off, the shorts are done. That is a large part of
           | why the price went to where it did. Second, the brokers are
           | protecting themselves from default on margin loans as well as
           | the headache and aggravation of closeouts when 'traders' moan
           | about the fills.
           | 
           | 5- Why on earth should the Biden administration go to bat for
           | a retail trading mob? Many of whom are on record in the press
           | as having used their stimulus and unemployment checks as
           | capital?
           | 
           | 6- Shorts are not only necessary for a market to function
           | well, they are a common part of the market having nothing at
           | all to do with a view on a company. The largest example of
           | that are fund managers selling the stock of an aquiring
           | company against a position they own in the company being
           | purchased. Fund manager could mean pension fund manager,
           | mutual fund manager, or, gasp, a hedge fund manager.
        
             | Sohcahtoa82 wrote:
             | > RH, Etrade, etc are not manipulating anything.
             | 
             | I don't know how you could possibly argue that when RH is
             | preventing the purchase of a stock, but not the selling
             | (Which pushes the stock price down), and trying to use the
             | argument of "we're trying to protect you from volatility!"
             | 
             | > If Costco doesn't want to stock your favorite item any
             | more do you get to sue because you still want to buy it?
             | 
             | This is such an apples-to-oranges comparison here that I
             | really don't feel you're arguing in good faith.
             | 
             | > 2- If the customers had no idea of the legal documents
             | they signed when they opened their accounts, their bad, not
             | the broker.
             | 
             | As others have said, EULA doesn't trump the law.
             | 
             | > 3- Certainly not retail investors (who are not the people
             | doing this stuff).
             | 
             | Either I'm misunderstanding what you're saying here, or you
             | are 100% incorrect. It is absolutely the retail investors
             | that are buying the GME stock and doing this.
             | 
             | > 4- First off, the shorts are done
             | 
             | We don't know this yet.
             | 
             | > Second, the brokers are protecting themselves from
             | default on margin loans as well as the headache and
             | aggravation of closeouts when 'traders' moan about the
             | fills.
             | 
             | Defaulting on margin loans is prevented by issuing a margin
             | call. Some traders are moaning about their GME being
             | liquidated because they bought on margin while going all-in
             | on GME, but even on WSB, _most_ traders understand that 's
             | how margin works.
             | 
             | > 5- Why on earth should the Biden administration go to bat
             | for a retail trading mob?
             | 
             | For the same reason Ted Cruz is. RH is impeding the free
             | market. It's pretty crazy right now. Ted Cruz, AOC, Ben
             | Shapiro, and Donald Trump Jr are all upset with RH right
             | now, though for different reasons. The leftists are upset
             | that the hedge fund managers are pissed that the poors are
             | beating them at their game, while the right is upset that
             | RH is interfering with the free market.
             | 
             | > 6- Shorts are not only necessary for a market to function
             | well
             | 
             | If it was merely a matter of investors being able to say "I
             | think this company is going to fail, so I'm going to short
             | it", then yes. But then that quickly creates extremely
             | perverse incentives. Now, it becomes "I have invested my
             | money into the failure of this company, so I'm going to
             | short it even more and publish articles about how this
             | company has no future."
             | 
             | GameStop got a new CEO and had a path to recovery, and the
             | hedge funds didn't like that since they were already
             | shorting, so they doubled-down on the shorting. The funds
             | are using their money to kill a company. While this is
             | technically legal, I think it's incredibly immoral and
             | unethical.
        
               | f430 wrote:
               | What is alleged is that Citadel took on more short
               | position after disabling RH.
               | 
               | If this isn't market manipulation then I don't know what
               | the hell is the point of having SEC and regulatory
               | enforcement.
               | 
               | The whole system is in existential crisis. This is now a
               | spin zone: If the Biden administration shows leniency
               | towards Wall Street, his popular base will revolt,
               | especially after AOC has sent out that tweet.
        
       | dang wrote:
       | For pointers to other vertices of this story graph, see
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25933543.
       | 
       | The earlier thread about class action is
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25945447. Not sure if these
       | are the same class action or just the same class action class.
        
       | slg wrote:
       | I'm not sure disallowing buying this stock is worthy of a
       | lawsuit. However forcibly closing people's positions who already
       | are long on GME like some are reporting on Twitter[1] certainly
       | seems like a great reason to be sued.
       | 
       | [1] - https://twitter.com/joemccann/status/1354859879337320452
        
         | PKop wrote:
         | Of course it is because that directly affects current holders
         | of the shares. They're closing off the market from people
         | buying the asset these people hold. Sure you can sell, but what
         | does that have to do with the fact they are causing your asset
         | to fall in value due to direct manipulation?
         | 
         | If this wasn't a corrupt rigging to benefit the hedge funds,
         | they wouldn't be doing it.
        
         | andrewmunsell wrote:
         | Every case I've seen where they've closed out a position, it
         | was on margin, which makes it perfectly acceptable to do. I do
         | not agree with Robinhood's actions today, but this is a very
         | important distinction versus closing out a position that
         | someone took out with cash.
        
           | simonsaidit wrote:
           | The positions getting closed was a consequence of preventing
           | people to buy id argue. They could have closed them anyway
           | but probably at a higher price
        
           | paulgb wrote:
           | It's really kind of ironic. People are knee-jerk blaming RH
           | for closing margin positions because they didn't fully
           | understand how they work and the risks involved.
           | Simultaneously, the same people are blaming RH for stepping
           | in the way of what very certainly would have turned into a
           | bad trade for a lot of people.
           | 
           | I don't take RH's side but it's hard to see a winning play
           | for them, it's damned-if-you-do-damned-if-you-don't.
        
             | skeeter2020 wrote:
             | I agree with you. In general I think poorly for RH in
             | several major aspects, but I'm not sure if most of the
             | complaints here understand how a margin account works, nor
             | how a broker - order house relationship creates a liquid
             | market. There's definitely shennigans going on here but
             | it's not obvious they are illegal. Hate the game not the
             | player.
        
             | Tenoke wrote:
             | >People are knee-jerk blaming RH for closing margin
             | positions because they didn't fully understand how they
             | work
             | 
             | People are typically given a choice to sell other assets,
             | deposit more or close in these situations rather than
             | getting their stock sold at the brief lowest possible price
             | driven by the very broker closing the position. Also,
             | typically it's only a portion that gets liquidated rather
             | than everything on margin.
        
               | bdonlan wrote:
               | The lowest possible price is also the point where the
               | value of your portfolio is lowest and the margin call is
               | most severe. It is completely normal for brokers to
               | immediately close positions when you are highly leveraged
               | and the market is moving quickly on a direction which
               | might leave your portfolio at a negative value - they
               | don't want to be left holding the bag if you take too
               | long to respond. Generally your broker will only give you
               | time to correct things when volatility is low enough that
               | things won't change over the next few hours.
        
               | Tenoke wrote:
               | Fair enough. If it was all margin calls from accounts
               | bellow the limit that's acceptable but if they liquidated
               | everything on margin that would still be pretty
               | questionable.
        
               | betterunix2 wrote:
               | Not that questionable when volatility is extreme. The
               | risk that the price is dramatically lower when the market
               | opens tomorrow may be too large, and they would rather
               | not be stuck with their customers' debt when that
               | happens.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | beezle wrote:
               | That is not always the case, certainly not in modern
               | times. If you have a full service broker and there
               | appears to be sufficient time to contact you, they may do
               | so and give you a chance to pick what to close out.
               | 
               | However, very few people use full service brokers.
               | Everything is now automated. The best you can hope for is
               | that the broker provides a mechanism _prior_ to the need
               | to close any position to signify which should be the last
               | one hit to pay the margin loan. As a specific example,
               | Interactive allows their clients to pre-select one
               | holding as the absolute last one to close.
               | 
               | (edit spelling)
        
               | paulgb wrote:
               | People typically get a meal on an international flight,
               | but not if they fly RyanAir.
               | 
               | If you run a super discount brokerage platform, you don't
               | have the luxury of reaching out to all your customers to
               | find out what course of action they want to take.
               | 
               | I'm not sure if RH violated their own terms here, if they
               | did then sure, they deserve a lawsuit. I suspect they
               | didn't, and this is just a case of people being in over
               | their head.
        
           | slg wrote:
           | I wasn't aware of that aspect and that does change things. It
           | still can be pretty shady though depending on the total
           | borrowed on margin versus the total value of the stock owned.
           | If someone borrowed $1000 on margin and bought stock that is
           | now worth $2000, I'm not sure why Robinhood would have
           | justification to sell off everything.
        
           | dawnerd wrote:
           | I doubt 99% of their users know the account is margin by
           | default. Also on the surface looks like they disabled the
           | option to 'downgrade' to a cash account.
           | 
           | It also seems pretty scummy to not make this very clear that
           | they can sell without asking.
           | 
           | To a normal person this comes off really wrong (and really it
           | is, let's be honest).
        
             | beezle wrote:
             | All brokers are mandated to provide the legal terms of the
             | account and margin accounts include language concerning a)
             | the risks and b) what options the broker has available
             | should your account fall below their required margin (which
             | might be higher than the regulatory minimum).
             | 
             | Brokerage accounts, mortgages, credit cards are not click-
             | thru agreements. There is real money involved and real risk
             | to both parties. Not reading the terms before signing and
             | using is an unacceptable excuse for future loss or
             | hardship.
        
               | dawnerd wrote:
               | So by that logic predatory lending is completely fine
               | because they technically disclose their terms. Gotcha.
               | 
               | Just because something is in the fine print doesn't make
               | it okay, especially if its marketing completely
               | differently.
        
             | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
             | Completely agreed. Margin accounts are a strange,
             | convoluted construct, and it was wrong for Robinhood to try
             | and present them as easy or normal.
        
         | taurath wrote:
         | Imagine signing up for a broker and then being told you can't
         | buy TSLA or DIS because its been doing too well - are they even
         | a broker at all?
        
           | slg wrote:
           | Does a broker have a legal obligation to allow you to
           | purchase any stock? I am genuinely asking as IANAL. I can't
           | go into an Apple Store and demand they sell me a Google
           | Pixel. It seems like these places should have every right to
           | choose what services they offer or products they sell.
           | 
           | I wouldn't do business with Robinhood for a number of reasons
           | that go back before this recent spat of issues, I am just not
           | sure preventing purchasing GME is the worst aspect of this.
        
             | llampx wrote:
             | What kind of strawman is that? They let you buy GME until
             | yesterday. Stop being intellectually dishonest.
        
             | PKop wrote:
             | Are they entitled to prevent people from buying the shares
             | you hold? If people can't buy them, this obviously causes
             | the price to fall. They are making the price of what you
             | hold fall...they deserve to be sued good and hard for this.
        
               | slg wrote:
               | >Are they entitled to prevent people from buying the
               | shares you hold?
               | 
               | So if I am long on a stock that gets delisted from an
               | exchange, can I sue that exchange because they are making
               | it more difficult for people to buy that stock?
        
               | mlthoughts2018 wrote:
               | How is this related at all to the broker question?
               | Exchanges and brokers are completely different concepts.
        
               | slg wrote:
               | Because the logic that comment used for a lawsuit was as
               | follows:
               | 
               | >They are making the price of what you hold fall...they
               | deserve to be sued good and hard for this.
               | 
               | That logic applies to a number of entities and not just
               | brokers. If I can sue a broker for this reason, can I sue
               | anyone for that reason?
        
               | mlthoughts2018 wrote:
               | That's not how laws work. Just because you personally see
               | a way it can be philosophically generalized or
               | conceptually generalized does not mean laws apply the
               | same to all generalizations. Brokers, exchanges,
               | investment firms, banks, etc., all have specific legal
               | obligations based on different types of fiduciary duty,
               | different service offerings, etc. It can easily be the
               | case that an exchange entity has a legal ability to deny
               | access through delisting while a broker entity does not
               | have the right to deny service in some particular
               | scenario.
               | 
               | I am not saying what the case is for brokers today, but
               | regardless, appealing to some notion of proof by
               | contradiction because of generalizing a behavior is not a
               | valid way to analyze the situation.
        
               | slg wrote:
               | >It can easily be the case that an exchange entity has a
               | legal ability to deny access through delisting while a
               | broker entity does not have the right to deny service in
               | some particular scenario.
               | 
               | I realize that. That previously quoted answer was in
               | response to me asking "Does a broker have a legal
               | obligation to allow you to purchase any stock?" Someone
               | answered that with a broad response without referring to
               | any laws. I'm not sure how that leaves me with a
               | responsibility to do a full legal breakdown of the issue.
        
               | PKop wrote:
               | If your over-arching point is the legal system won't side
               | with the RH users, I'm fine with that premise because I
               | think "laws" are a meme, and the same powerful
               | institutions screwing over the traders who went against
               | them are the same ones who not only influence how laws
               | are written but also enforced.
               | 
               | I thought you were saying _in principle_ their was no
               | basis for users to feel wronged by RH. But this is silly,
               | because you and I both know without a shadow of a doubt
               | that RH shut down buys to protect the underwater hedge
               | funds. It 's obvious to anyone with a brain. And I'm
               | confident it's obvious to you. And would be obvious to
               | any judge, jury or lawyer. But does it matter that its
               | true? No. Is there some legal basis that would encompass
               | "you can't shut down trading to protect some hedge fund
               | that you are connected with". I'm certain there is, but
               | it probably won't matter. Because "the law" and "rule of
               | law" is a meme. Power is what matters. And the sovereign
               | power decides what the law is... average joe traders
               | don't have the power and hedge funds and finance in this
               | case do.
        
               | slg wrote:
               | I wouldn't have used that exact phrasing, but yeah that
               | is my general premise. "It is obvious" is an argument
               | that might work on Reddit, Discord, Twitter, or HN, but
               | there needs to be some bigger connection for the law to
               | act rather than _they did something shady that benefitted
               | someone they have a connection with and that shouldn 't
               | be allowed_.
               | 
               | It is similar to a lot of the complaints in the wake of
               | 2008. You can't just lock people up for seemingly
               | unethical behavior. You need to find evidence that
               | specific laws were broken. If no laws were broke we need
               | to move on and create new laws to prevent it the next
               | time.
        
             | betterunix2 wrote:
             | "Does a broker have a legal obligation to allow you to
             | purchase any stock?"
             | 
             | No, I have seen all sorts of seemingly arbitrary
             | restrictions since I started investing (back in college),
             | on everything from mutual funds to ETPs to penny stocks.
        
             | banachtarski wrote:
             | Framed another way, can a broker prevent the purchase or
             | sale of stock to bias the asset's movement in a particular
             | direction to benefit themselves or a friendly third party?
             | 
             | Of course not. This is any number of SEC violations
        
         | Tenoke wrote:
         | I guess the closed ones might've been only the positions on
         | margin, which might be legal to close at their discretion?
        
         | Cmortoc wrote:
         | They're allowing the stock to sell, they only disabled
         | purchases. This will clearly make the stock go back down,
         | benefiting Robinhood's investors over their users.
        
           | skeeter2020 wrote:
           | let's try and keep this in perspective and avoid jumping to
           | wild conclusions based on someone tweeting a screen shot.
           | 
           | First, Robinhood does not make the market or fulfill the
           | orders, so if their market-maker has no one selling a stock
           | they have little option other than stopping people from
           | making purchase orders. You need both sides for a liquid
           | market.
           | 
           | Second, IF these are margin positions then it is not only
           | allowed and legal but also typical for the broker lending on
           | margin to close out the position unilaterally. IF these are
           | cash positions it is a completely different story.
        
             | thatguy0900 wrote:
             | If their market makers are preventing people from selling a
             | stock surely they must prevent customers from selling
             | stocks, right? But you can freely sell the stock.
        
           | mikeryan wrote:
           | This is what's pissing me off. I had a tiny "fuck it"
           | position on BB with a stop-loss that kicked in. Now I can't
           | get back in at the lower price and the one way ban is likely
           | _why_ the stock fell under my sell price.
           | 
           | No warning from Robinhood on the current issue either or I
           | would have pulled my sell order.
        
         | totalZero wrote:
         | Forcibly closing under-margined securities positions is totally
         | normal. In a cash account, it would certainly be suspect.
         | 
         | Preventing opening buys hurts everyone who is long -- including
         | a large number of Robinhood customers -- by barring trades that
         | would provide liquidity to sellers and thus dampen the sellers'
         | stock impact. So essentially, Robinhood chose a course of
         | action that disproportionately imposes losses upon its own
         | customers.
         | 
         | The concept of price impact is part of the reason that stock
         | buybacks are able to "return capital" to investors. Demand from
         | buyers pushes prices upward.
         | 
         | No idea if that is a central argument of the case.
        
         | totaldude87 wrote:
         | Also if Robinhood wins this, theoretically they can do the same
         | to $AAPL, $MSFT, $AMZN , now how does the uber rich , fund
         | managers, union funds, 401k etc etc would react? where does
         | this stop. Its either a free trade market , or its not!
        
       | totaldude87 wrote:
       | Also if Robinhood wins this, theoretically they can do the same
       | to $AAPL, $MSFT, $AMZN , now how does the uber rich , fund
       | managers, union funds, 401k etc etc would react? where does this
       | stop.
       | 
       | Its either a free trade market , or its not!
        
       | joering2 wrote:
       | wow, that didn't take long so I was wrong about TV ads.
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25943676
       | 
       | Next prediction: obviously Robinhood can kiss their IPO goodbye.
       | They are hated by both sides now - bankers and investors.
       | Frankly, I hope they will go under, get shut down but not before
       | 20 AG and DOJ/SEC takes them to bleachers.
        
       | curryst wrote:
       | Does anyone know why Robinhood would block the symbols? If the
       | SEC determines some manipulation happened, does Robinhood bear
       | some liability?
       | 
       | I'm not alleging a conspiracy or anything, it just seems odd to
       | me that this kind of action comes preemptively from a broker. I
       | would have expected the brokers to do nothing until the SEC
       | indicates something one way or another, or for nothing to change
       | if the SEC doesn't take a position either way.
       | 
       | I feel like there's some part of this I'm missing.
        
         | alasdair_ wrote:
         | Citadel is RobinHood's biggest customer - they pay RH for order
         | flow from "unsophisticated" investors.
         | 
         | Citadel also owns a non-controlling interest in Melvin capital,
         | a hedge fund that is/was massively short GME. Citadel gave them
         | $2.7 billion earlier this week.
         | 
         | It seems very likely that Citadel pressured RobinHood to stop
         | all purchases so that Citadel's investment is secure.
         | 
         | There are additional rumors that Citadel went short GME right
         | before the brokers stopped allowing people to buy, only
         | allowing them to sell.
        
         | marcinzm wrote:
         | As I understand it, Robinhood has VC investors and uses third
         | parties to execute trades (that pay Robinhood for it) which
         | stand to lose on GME. The talk being that they pressured
         | Robinhood into this action so they wouldn't lose as much money.
        
         | ngokevin wrote:
         | Investors and key shareholders sacrificed Robinhood and are
         | willing to eat lawsuits because hedge funds' GME positions
         | tower over all of that.
        
         | mcv wrote:
         | From what I understand, Citadel, the mother company of Melvin
         | Capital, one of the largest short-sellers that got in trouble,
         | is responsible for 60% of Robinhood's revenue, buying user data
         | from them.
         | 
         | Robinhood might be protecting their largest customer.
         | 
         | Edit: it's possible Citadel pays Robinhood for something else
         | instead. And it's possible they don't fully own but only
         | invested in Melvin. Still, there do seem to be pretty clear
         | ties.
        
       | avipars wrote:
       | How could I join?
        
       | logicslave wrote:
       | Populism! Its popping up in every corner of American life
        
       | totaldude87 wrote:
       | Allowing a stock to become sell only will trigger a sell off and
       | this WILL help the short sellers cover ( may be with reduced
       | loss)..
       | 
       | Just allowing selling of a stock makes, free markets a joke.
       | 
       | I am seeing analogies like will apple store sell me a pixel 3a
       | etc. This is not a product robinhood buys or sells , they make my
       | transaction with a bigger shark (Citadel) who is in bed with the
       | hedge fund who shorted ~112% of outstanding shares. When a group
       | of people took advantage and created a squeeze, they block their
       | ability to buy more to strengthen their squeeze.
        
         | totalZero wrote:
         | > Allowing a stock to become sell only will trigger a sell off
         | and this WILL help the short sellers cover ( may be with
         | reduced loss)
         | 
         | Yes. Blocking opening buyers essentially means that closing
         | short-sellers don't need to compete for supply.
        
       | whitepaint wrote:
       | Can someone, who has expertise in this field, explain what the
       | hell happened? How on earth is it possible that all brokers at
       | the same time disallowed to buy certain stocks? Who is
       | responsible for this? The SEC, the FED, the White House, or..?
       | Who gave the call? Who has that much power?
        
         | betterunix2 wrote:
         | In all likelihood the internal teams responsible for risk
         | management and compliance all determined that this was likely
         | criminal activity, and recommended trading restrictions until
         | the SEC weighs in. Brokerages are typically over-cautious about
         | this sort of thing because they do not want to invite
         | additional scrutiny from the powers that be. The brokerages
         | probably did not communicate these decisions to each other,
         | they just all use similar logic and all arrived at similar
         | conclusions. Those that did not make this decision probably did
         | not observe suspicious trading patterns from their customers.
        
           | paxys wrote:
           | There is zero chance they all independently came to the same
           | conclusion at the exact same time. There has to be a bare
           | minimum amount of coordination involved, which is likely
           | illegal. Either that or they got an order from the SEC/White
           | House.
        
             | betterunix2 wrote:
             | Financial companies all use the same logic to make these
             | sorts of decisions, so yes, there is a very good chance
             | that they independently came to the same conclusion at the
             | same time.
        
             | wonderwonder wrote:
             | If they got orders from the SEC they would likely be
             | shouting it from the roof tops by now in a desperate
             | attempt to shore up their reputation.
        
               | paxys wrote:
               | Doesn't have to be an official order
        
             | mlthoughts2018 wrote:
             | It's also not a clear conclusion even remotely at all.
             | There's nothing remotely illegal about retail investors
             | coordinating together to profit from a short squeeze
             | opportunity.
        
           | Ericson2314 wrote:
           | Then they should have blocked all trading, not just buying.
           | The benevolent story just doesn't hold up.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | betterunix2 wrote:
             | They blocked the opening of new positions. You can still
             | buy if it results in a short position being closed. Pretty
             | typical move, almost certainly done to protect themselves
             | from scrutiny by the SEC and CFPB.
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | they respond to 'likely criminal activity' with certain
           | criminal activity?
        
             | betterunix2 wrote:
             | Nothing criminal about it, brokerages do this all the time.
        
               | dpbriggs wrote:
               | I'm genuinely curious: can you find examples of
               | brokerages only allowing buying, or only allowing
               | selling?
               | 
               | I'm not talking about edge cases with margin calls.
        
               | betterunix2 wrote:
               | https://ibkr.info/article/2892
               | 
               | https://us.etrade.com/l/f/disclosure-library/otc
               | 
               | Would you like more?
        
               | justupvoting wrote:
               | These are examples of specific, ahead-of-time rules for
               | entire _types_ of stocks, not a sudden, reactionary move
               | against particular _names_.
        
               | dpbriggs wrote:
               | Keep them coming.
               | 
               | I want other examples where it's appropriate for some
               | brokers to restrict _buying_ but not selling, especially
               | in the context of a short squeeze, with potential
               | conflicts of interest.
               | 
               | I understand that brokers can restrict trade on risky
               | items as yes, it impacts their risk model. I'm failing to
               | find justification for RH and others to restrict buying
               | but not selling of GME.
               | 
               | Your first link is for penny stocks, and the restrictions
               | revolve around the usual pump-and-dump. You're allowed to
               | go long, and can trade between days.
               | 
               | Your second link is for OTC, and I fail to see how this
               | is relevant to GME. GME is traded on formal exchanges,
               | and brokers that haven't arbitrarily restricted buying
               | aren't having any liquidity issues.
        
           | dpbriggs wrote:
           | Why block buying and not selling?
           | 
           | Why did they all come to the same conclusion at the same
           | time?
        
             | betterunix2 wrote:
             | They did not block selling, they blocked opening new
             | positions. You can buy _if_ doing so closes a short
             | position.
        
               | dpbriggs wrote:
               | And that's somehow fine?
               | 
               | It's blatant protection for short positions. These
               | brokers are hamming up the "we need to protect retail
               | from volatility" narrative when they're clearly trying
               | their best to stop their business partners from going
               | bust.
               | 
               | It's sickening.
        
               | betterunix2 wrote:
               | More like they wanted to preempt possible sanctions from
               | the SEC for failing to take action when they observed
               | suspicious behavior by their customers.
               | 
               | Let's be clear about a few things. Brokerages do not care
               | about protecting retail investors, they only protect
               | their customers when forced to do so by regulators. What
               | brokerages do is protect themselves from liability,
               | financial losses, and scrutiny. They have no problem
               | screwing over their customers when it suits them. They
               | will raise margin requirements and force customers to
               | take a loss as soon as their risk models say that they
               | should do so. They will restrict trading whenever it
               | looks like there is a scam, simply because it wards off
               | possible investigations into their business.
               | 
               | What they can get in trouble for, and RH did get a slap
               | on the wrists for already, is working against their
               | customers' interests for the benefit of their business
               | partners. One brokerage I could believe, but I doubt that
               | half a dozen would all do it at the same time and with
               | the same securities.
        
               | dpbriggs wrote:
               | That's great, but they should be halting trade of the
               | stock all together if they really believed retailers were
               | manipulating the stock.
               | 
               | I can see the nice narrative of allowing retailers to
               | sell ("capture gains"), but it's indefensible to only
               | allow selling.
               | 
               | That's _blatant_ market manipulation.
        
           | pfisch wrote:
           | Except it is still ok to sell these stocks...ok bro...
        
         | wonderwonder wrote:
         | Citadel
        
         | saddlerustle wrote:
         | There's three phases of a trade: execution (handled by a
         | broker), clearing (sometimes handled by the broker, otherwise
         | handled by clearing firms like apex clearing or jp morgan
         | clearing among others) and settlement (almost always DTC for US
         | equities).
         | 
         | Clearing and settlement involve counterparty risk - if a
         | brokerage can't hand over the money come settlement, the
         | settlement firm may be on the hook. The risk of this is
         | proportional to volatility. Due to high volatility, DTC
         | increased its settlement costs. This isn't usually a big deal
         | to a clearing firm or a brokerage because retail brokers don't
         | usually have huge exposure to a single equity.
         | 
         | My bet is with the entire world suddenly memed into buying GME,
         | settlement for retail brokers suddenly became very expensive
         | and there wasn't an existing mechanism to pass on this cost
         | down the chain, so halting orders was the only option on short
         | notice.
        
           | wonderwonder wrote:
           | Who was actually buying the shares once retail buys were
           | halted? Was it the short hedge funds? If so, then was this
           | not a conspiracy to allow them to cover their shorts and
           | initiate new ones knowing the price was going to be
           | artificially forced to lower?
        
           | etcet wrote:
           | Due to the selling frenzy, GME is more volatile than ever but
           | Robinhood is now allowing buys, so what has changed between
           | this morning and now? It seems like the counterparty risk
           | would be even higher than this morning?
        
             | saddlerustle wrote:
             | I'm guessing with politicians starting to take advantage of
             | the outrage, someone in the chain decided it's better to
             | eat the cost.
        
           | beezle wrote:
           | I said on another comment, brokers should have been raising
           | margin reqs on these stocks the past few weeks as it became
           | obvious this was a volatility nightmare in the making. That
           | would have given them increased protection and dampened the
           | enthusiasm.
           | 
           | Also, I don't think any of these people crying foul consider
           | that those who short stocks do so at constant peril of forced
           | close outs because shares are no longer available to be
           | borrowed. The notice involved can be minutes to hours.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | theshrike79 wrote:
         | People started losing money, LOTS of money. Phone calls were
         | made and they reached the decision to shut down trading
         | everywhere they could.
         | 
         | We'll see how it worked in the coming weeks.
        
         | lamontcg wrote:
         | The problem is that if big short sellers like Melvin Capital go
         | under that their counterparties are the brokers that will be
         | ultimately holding most of the bag.
         | 
         | This is what I couldn't understand about what the endgame of
         | this would have to be. Because you can't really have a
         | situation where all the shares are bought up sending the shares
         | to infinity. At some point something breaks. Someone has to pay
         | money for those shares.
         | 
         | That could be that retail investors bolt for the door just like
         | a bubble popping and because its difficult to maintain
         | steadiness when you're looking at huge gains that aren't
         | realized. And that is what they thought would happen.
         | 
         | What would be more reasonable would be to liquidate Melvin
         | Capital and anyone stupid enough to invest in them and the
         | holders of GME shares would become creditors against that
         | bankruptcy proceeding somehow. SEC would have to manage that
         | unwinding somehow.
         | 
         | But the problem is that the clearinghouses like Citadel are
         | counterparties to Melvin Capital and they've privately bailed
         | them out, taken over their shorts and will now hugely profit by
         | suspending trading and riding those short positions down. This
         | now entirely makes sense to me as what was inevitable, because
         | while WSB was trying to destroy Melvin Capital they didn't
         | understand that the implications of that were going to be
         | destroying the clearinghouses through counterparty risk. And
         | they were never going to let that happen, so they shut it all
         | down and will eat the SEC investigation.
         | 
         | This is a very interesting outcome just due to the moral hazard
         | it creates with shorting.
         | 
         | It is also a very interesting outcome because a lot of "little
         | guys" just learned an object lesson in what happens when it
         | looks like you are beating the "big guys". They won't let that
         | happen. There's going to be a lot of political rage as a result
         | of this. We're going to have to make a decision in the next 10
         | years or so if we'd like to funnel that rage towards socialism
         | or fascism, the status quo is going to continue to enrage
         | people.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | equality_1138 wrote:
         | My take is that the stock was basically being manipulated by an
         | angry mob. While I completely applaud their efforts and stand
         | against the unfair advantage that institutional investors have,
         | I can also see where their approach could trigger broader
         | market instability. Let's assume it was a broad coalition that
         | assessed the risk and decided extraordinary measures were in
         | the public's interest.
        
           | xeonoex wrote:
           | "Manipulated by an angry mob" is one way to look at it, but
           | "unsophisticated investors attempting to short squeeze
           | billion dollar hedge funds" is another.
        
         | psychlops wrote:
         | They didn't. It was TD, Interactive Brokers, and Robinhood.
         | Maybe more by now, but they acted alone.
         | 
         | My guess is that market makers that these brokers sell orders
         | to said no. Brokers make a lot of money selling retail orders
         | to someone else.
        
           | sakopov wrote:
           | It's anecdotal but ETrade, TD, Ally Financial all started
           | blocking buy orders at seemingly the same time - yesterday
           | morning shortly after market open. The reason I know this is
           | because I was on the phone with a friend at 9am Central and
           | neither him nor I were able to purchase $GME, $BB or $GMC
           | (he's on Ally and I'm on Etrade). Around the same time I
           | started seeing messages on social media that TD was also
           | blocking traders. I think you're right that the order likely
           | came from MMs and everyone followed through.
        
           | Avalaxy wrote:
           | Trading212 was also halting trading.
        
         | Armisael16 wrote:
         | Most of the zero-commission brokerages sell their order flow to
         | market makers. Those companies just decided they didn't like
         | what the retail investors were doing and stopped accepting buy
         | orders on those stocks.
        
       | foxfired wrote:
       | Even e-trade is blocking purchase orders:
       | 
       | https://imgur.com/a/iHqwEyv
        
       | mcv wrote:
       | From what I understand Melvin Capital, one of the biggest short-
       | sellers that got in trouble, is owned by Citadel, which is also
       | Robinhood's largest customer (buying user data, of all things)
       | and maybe partial owner. I'm no lawyer, but to me it sounds like
       | that might be a conflict of interests.
       | 
       | By preventing people from buying shares, the short-sellers have
       | less competition to buy the available shares, and will have an
       | easier time getting them, while paying less for them. Robinhood
       | seems to be manipulating the market to make it easier for Melvin
       | Capital to cut their substantial losses.
        
         | nomad225 wrote:
         | Other brokers are also blocking buys on different tickers.
         | E-trade prevented me from buying $GME, and looks like they've
         | blocked $AMC buys too.
         | 
         | https://twitter.com/AstralTrading/status/1354884246389874689...
        
         | bmitc wrote:
         | Here's an intereating tweet and the associated Reddit thread.
         | 
         | https://twitter.com/justinkan/status/1354853920762253315?s=2...
         | 
         | https://www.reddit.com/r/wallstreetbets/comments/l747eg/cita...
         | 
         | This seems, at first glance, to be clear and blatant market
         | manipulation by Citadel and Robinhood.
        
         | efwfwef wrote:
         | That's insane, tried to buy GME on robinhood and my trade just
         | got cancelled...
        
         | fractionalhare wrote:
         | _> From what I understand Melvin Capital, one of the biggest
         | short-sellers that got in trouble, is owned by Citadel_
         | 
         | No, Citadel does not own Melvin Capital. Melvin Capital
         | received an investment from Citadel (the hedge fund, not the
         | market maker) and Point72 this week.
         | 
         |  _> Robinhood seems to be manipulating the market to make it
         | easier for Melvin Capital to cut their substantial losses._
         | 
         | Melvin already cut its losses this week, as was widely
         | reported. There is no evidence for the counter claims that
         | they're lying, which themselves originate on reddit. In
         | particular: all the widely cited short interest figures on
         | reddit which purport to show this are out of date (usually by
         | weeks), and even if they were true, they would not be proof the
         | short positions weren't closed.
        
           | bluetonium wrote:
           | So just partially owns, then.
        
             | bilbo0s wrote:
             | The same way public retirement funds in Wisconsin
             | "partially own" Apple.
        
               | myownpetard wrote:
               | Do public retirement funds in Wisconsin own >30% of APPL?
        
               | fractionalhare wrote:
               | As was reported, the capital raise Melvin received wasn't
               | 30% of their total AUM even after the GME losses. And
               | even if it were, it was also reported that Citadel and
               | Point72 received non-controlling revenue share.
        
               | myownpetard wrote:
               | I'm having trouble finding specific numbers, do you have
               | a source?
               | 
               | As far as I can tell they started the year with ~12.5B
               | AUM, and have lost ~30% on the year and received a 2.75B
               | cash infusion from Citadel et al, which I assume was at a
               | discount given their position. So my rough estimate is
               | around ~25-35%, given the uncertainty around those
               | numbers.
        
             | fractionalhare wrote:
             | In the sense that any Limited Partner partially owns an
             | investment vehicle because they have a stake in it, yes.
        
               | okprod wrote:
               | Melvin founder was protege of Point72's SAC
        
           | nickysielicki wrote:
           | > Melvin already cut its losses this week, as was widely
           | reported.
           | 
           | This was widely reported, and Melvin might not be the big bag
           | holder anymore, but the short interest hasn't subsided. It's
           | actually grown.
           | 
           | The squeeze never happened. _The squeeze never happened_.
           | 
           | https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/we-have-some-bad-news-
           | game...
        
             | mariusvaporware wrote:
             | The article above written by renowned financial
             | journalist... Tyler Durden?
        
           | xeonoex wrote:
           | So Melvin Capital got a few billion from Citadel after the
           | reddit short squeeze started? And we're not supposed to think
           | anything about that is shady?
           | 
           | And there is no proof Melvin cut their losses. There is no
           | way to know for sure. The shorts are still there, whether
           | they're Melvin or anyone else.
        
             | fractionalhare wrote:
             | I didn't say anything about what you're supposed to think.
             | You can definitely believe it's shady.
             | 
             | As for the proof about cutting losses - no, there's no
             | proof. You can question every single fact you read about
             | this story in the media if you want. The reasons most
             | people have given for why they would lie about it instead
             | of just do it kind of strain credulity for me. There are a
             | lot of conspiracies being spread around with much regard
             | for whether or not they are true instead of whether they
             | _could_ be true.
        
               | mewpmewp2 wrote:
               | Logic says they are lying or trying to leave an
               | impression as if they cut their losses, since if they
               | truly already cut their losses why were they so adamant
               | about telling their story and trying to get people out of
               | the market. If they cut their losses they would have no
               | incentive to tell people about it, they would just not
               | comment and go on to new ventures.
        
         | kasey_junk wrote:
         | Citadel invested in Melvin this week at a steep discount, they
         | do not own the majority of Melvin (at least that hasn't been
         | publicly announced).
         | 
         | Melvin announced they had cleared their position in GME days
         | ago so is unlikely to be the driver for brokerage behavior
         | today.
         | 
         | Citadel does not buy user data from Robinhood, they are one of
         | Robinhood internalizers. They pay for the privilege of either
         | trading against Robinhood based orders or routing them to an
         | exchange.
         | 
         | Not allowing buys can happen for a wide variety of reasons from
         | technical, business to legal to counterparty demands and isn't
         | necessarily signs of collusion.
         | 
         | That said there is certainly the appearance of a conflict of
         | interest and I'm sure Robinhood will be addressing that in
         | court and to investigators presently.
        
           | mcv wrote:
           | It seems we're both right in a way. Cory Doctorow has a
           | through explanation here:
           | https://pluralistic.net/2021/01/28/payment-for-order-
           | flow/#w...
           | 
           | > _" Robinhood partners with institutional investors and lets
           | them spy on what the average joes are buying and selling.
           | Sometimes, this is just "market intelligence" ("Hey, people
           | like fidget spinners") but the main event is front-running."_
           | 
           | > _" If you're paying Robinhood to tell you what assets its
           | customers are about to buy, you can go out and buy them up
           | first and sell them for a profit to Robinhood's customers."_
           | 
           | > _" Or you can buy some of that asset up because you know
           | its price will go up once Robinhood's customers orders are
           | filled."_
           | 
           | > _" Citadel Securities is Robinhood's main institutional
           | investor partner."_
        
             | kasey_junk wrote:
             | Cory Doctorows position is built on a flawed understanding
             | of what payment for order flow is all about.
             | 
             | Internalizers do not go out and buy the things they've
             | peaked at during the internalization process.
        
           | jojobas wrote:
           | The rumour is that Citadel renewed their shorts.
           | 
           | https://twitter.com/justinkan/status/1354853920762253315?s=2.
           | ..
        
         | whitepaint wrote:
         | The thing is, all brokers are doing the same. How on earth is
         | this possible?
        
           | dnissley wrote:
           | I'm with Ally bank and right now they're telling people that
           | it's their clearing firm (Apex Clearing Corp) that's blocking
           | buys of GME and some other stocks.
           | 
           | Could it be that other trading platforms use the same
           | clearing firm?
        
             | misframer wrote:
             | Apex is the clearing firm for Tastyworks and Webull too. I
             | got an email from Tastyworks about restrictions (which just
             | got lifted).
        
             | neom wrote:
             | Interestingly, I bank with HSBC and I could buy and sell
             | GME and AMC the whole time outside of when it was halted. I
             | called them to ask why and they said they clear their own
             | trades. Not sure how exactly that is possible though (if
             | anyone can explain...)
        
               | kenhwang wrote:
               | Typically when you buy/sell a stock, it's not moving
               | anywhere. Robinhood would try to sell the stock to
               | someone on Robinhood buying the stock first. The big
               | banks and brokerages have enough people buying/selling
               | within its platform that it has enough supply to trade
               | within itself.
               | 
               | For a small brokerage, they would have to work with other
               | brokerages to help them trade, as they wouldn't have
               | enough shares they already hold to trade them within
               | their users. So Robinhood asks Apex for more shares, and
               | Apex has to ask HSBC/Fidelity/JPMC/Goldman if Apex
               | doesn't have any. At some point, all the other
               | institutions also don't want to give up their shares
               | because they need to satisfy demand from their own users.
               | Trading with other firms tends to be really slow too.
               | 
               | It's a short squeeze too, by definition there's not
               | enough stocks available for everyone who wants to buy. So
               | some firms ran out and couldn't get more.
        
               | amluto wrote:
               | You may want to look up Reg NMS and the various rules
               | about internalizers.
        
               | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
               | You left out the exchange. Why can't the small brokerages
               | go directly to the exchange?
        
             | kenhwang wrote:
             | Robinhood uses Apex behind the scenes too. Apex is probably
             | having trouble clearing these trades (given how one sided
             | it is) and just decided to not trade them, resulting in the
             | butterfly effect of multiple brokerages not trading these
             | stock.
        
               | misframer wrote:
               | I don't think they use Apex anymore.
               | 
               | https://blog.robinhood.com/news/2018/10/9/introducing-
               | cleari...
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >Apex is probably having trouble clearing these trades
               | (given how one sided it is)
               | 
               | That's... not how stock markets work. For every buy there
               | must be a seller. If there are too many buyers but not
               | enough sellers the price simply goes up.
        
               | kenhwang wrote:
               | Sure, that's what would happen if buys and sells could
               | reasonably be paired up. Robinhood/Apex could've just
               | kept these buy orders open until it found a seller at any
               | price and closed unfilled orders at the end of the day.
               | That would probably be less preferable to all involved as
               | I doubt these people were placing limit orders.
        
             | ClumsyPilot wrote:
             | trading212 wouldn't let me buy, but fairtrade app did.
        
           | that_guy_iain wrote:
           | Cartels... It's got Anti-Trust written all over it. Not sure
           | the US will do much though.
           | 
           | Jesus, it kind of shows how corrupt the US really is. We're
           | all basically watching a bunch of people commit crimes that
           | from my quick Google carries a max sentence of 10 years with
           | billons of dollars on the line and we're all pretty sure
           | they're going to get away with it.
           | 
           | Though, I do think if Biden makes sure the justice hammer
           | comes down on this, it'll win over a bunch of Trump
           | supporters.
        
             | sakopov wrote:
             | This. It's been an incredibly eye opening week. From news
             | trumpeting that Melvin Capital closed their short position
             | [1] -- which is questionable at best -- to all major US
             | brokerages preventing retail traders from participating in
             | securities that they shorted. This is so surreal that it
             | almost seems like a conspiracy, but i think in reality it
             | just shows how corrupt the market really is and how much
             | power these hedge funds hold. I'm eager to see the fallout
             | from all of this and if SEC will take action. I didn't know
             | that hedge funds aren't obligated to disclose their short
             | positions on 13f. Maybe, for starters, the SEC could
             | prevent them from hiding their shorts.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.reuters.com/article/us-gamestop-melvin-
             | idUSKBN29...
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | > Though, I do think if Biden makes sure the justice hammer
             | comes down on this, it'll win over a bunch of Trump
             | supporters.
             | 
             | I'm not sure anyone who still can be considered a "Trump
             | supporter" is swayable; on the other hand, if Biden is seen
             | as politicizing prosecutorial decisiones it'll lose a bunch
             | of Biden supporters.
             | 
             | It's also questionable how much influences Biden's
             | preferences have at Justice since his AG nominee hasn't
             | been confirmed and everyone at levels requiring Senate
             | confirmation there is a Trump carryover (though, to be
             | fair, the Acting AG was appointed from within by Biden and
             | wasn't out of order of seniority, IIRC, so he has exert
             | what influence he can to select leadership given the
             | constraints he faces.)
        
             | outoftheabyss wrote:
             | It was a strong anti trump sentiment that united the
             | democrats but it's easy to forget that Biden is still met
             | with some caution in his own party as being the
             | establishment candidate, not necessarily a corporate stooge
             | but no Bernie either, it would do more to dispel that
             | within his own party.
        
               | that_guy_iain wrote:
               | Why would his own party be pissed that he made sure the
               | justice department properly investigated bankers
               | manipulating the market? Honestly, I think this is one of
               | those issues that will unify everyone to a common cause,
               | god damn rich people screwing the little guy.
        
               | outoftheabyss wrote:
               | Read my comment again.
        
               | that_guy_iain wrote:
               | Yea. I misread, my bad.
        
           | outoftheabyss wrote:
           | Reuters are claiming short sellers have lost 70billion usd,
           | when they are the sums involved, anything is possible.
           | 
           | There was someone claiming to be a robin hood employee, that
           | the White House got involved. Obviously I would take this
           | with an extreme pinch of salt but with those numbers there is
           | every motivation from the powers that be
        
             | lovecg wrote:
             | If you're talking about this article
             | https://www.reuters.com/article/us-retail-trading-
             | shortbets-... the 70 billion number is loss on _all_ short
             | sales YTD. GME is about 1 billion of that total.
        
           | betterunix2 wrote:
           | They all used the same logic to make this decision, that's
           | how. They all saw suspicious patterns of trading by retail
           | customers and made the typically overly cautious decision to
           | restrict trading until they receive guidance from the powers
           | that be.
        
             | justupvoting wrote:
             | You're going to have to source that claim, friend. There is
             | nothing more fundamental than supply and demand. The action
             | to allow people to sell but not buy is not overly cautious,
             | it's _obviously advantageous_ to the short interest.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | city41 wrote:
           | Vanguard has not blocked anything. Just wanted to throw that
           | out there as I really like them as a company.
        
             | diehunde wrote:
             | Also see GME in Fidelity
        
             | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
             | Right. I was able to buy/sell Nokia (NOK) and Build A Bear
             | (BBW) today with no trouble. However, a colleague showed me
             | they blocked BBW sales later (screenshot).
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | reilly3000 wrote:
       | I'm very much with the WSB folks, but I have a theory about the
       | trading halt that may be more innocent. RH's exposure to margin
       | ensures that when GME inevitably plummets, they aren't on the
       | hook for giant liability. They may behave the same way for any
       | stock that broke circuit breakers that fast, and some of it legit
       | is to protect the interests of their retail investors.
       | 
       | That said, for Robinhood's business model, you're the product,
       | not the investor. Outside of reputational damage they DGAF about
       | the outcomes of individual investors as long as they don't have
       | skin in the game.
        
         | okprod wrote:
         | RH using protecting retail investors' interests as an excuse
         | now to force selling of shares
        
       | ineedasername wrote:
       | In addition to the class relief, they're also asking for an
       | immediate injunction to reinstate GME. Good.
        
       | totaldude87 wrote:
       | all you need to prove is , how these things map together w.r.t
       | GME
       | 
       | 1) transactions between Robinhood and Citadel (even some % of
       | their GME trades would have gone to Citadel) 2) The deal between
       | hedge fund and citadel
       | 
       | If you can prove that its because of #1 and #2 , RobinHood
       | arrived at this decision, its game over?
       | 
       | or is it?
        
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