[HN Gopher] GameStop Is Rage Against the Financial Machine
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       GameStop Is Rage Against the Financial Machine
        
       Author : tempsy
       Score  : 395 points
       Date   : 2021-01-27 16:29 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bloomberg.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bloomberg.com)
        
       | unethical_ban wrote:
       | So, can someone explain rationally how options/derivatives are
       | actually useful to the economy, rather than a market manipulation
       | and gambling mechanism?
       | 
       | In the traditional, elementary school understanding of stock,
       | people buy into a company because they want part ownership, and
       | the stock goes up as the company does well and has solid
       | financial strength.
       | 
       | Derivatives seem to be an unnecessary accelerator.
        
         | cbozeman wrote:
         | They're not useful.
         | 
         | They're a means of wealth extraction disguised under whatever
         | load of bullshit someone wants you to believe.
         | 
         | I'll even prove it to you. Ask someone with skin in the Wall
         | Street game to explain this stuff to you, not mathematically,
         | but in layperson's terms, so simple that a young child could
         | understand it. They either won't be able to do it, or they
         | won't do it. You'll get one of two answers, "It's really
         | complex." or "It _can 't_ be simplified."
         | 
         | When you hear this kind of shit, you're can safely deduce one
         | of two things:
         | 
         | 1. The person in question doesn't have a deep understanding of
         | the phenomenon or principle they're trying to explain.
         | 
         | 2. The person in question isn't interested in explaining it
         | because it directly affects them.
         | 
         | Ask a Ph.D.-holding, teaching nuclear physicist to explain how
         | a star works. They'll be able to break it down for a 5 year
         | old, a 15 year old, and a 24 year old graduate student, at
         | various levels of complexity.
         | 
         | Ask a Ph.D-holding investment banker or hedge fund manager how
         | all this works. They don't want you to know, because it isn't
         | creating value. Not the kind of value an Amazon or a Tesla
         | creates. It creates value _for them_ and _for the large
         | investors they represent_. Not for _you_ the layperson.
        
           | corey_moncure wrote:
           | Tell your 5 year old you're going to give him 10 cookies, but
           | he has a choice. Either he can have the 10 cookies right now,
           | or he can pick up his room, and then he has the option of
           | getting 10 cookies from you any time of the day or night
           | during the next month, whenever he wants, no questions asked,
           | no matter how busy daddy is. Or he can sell the option to any
           | one of his friends or family, to guarantee they get 10
           | cookies in exchange for those pokemon cards he's had his eye
           | on.
           | 
           | That's an options contract.
        
             | cbozeman wrote:
             | LOL, now take your analogy all the way.
             | 
             | "If you don't clean your room in one week, Daddy is going
             | to take away all your cookies, plus you'll owe Daddy 10
             | cookies."
        
           | lainga wrote:
           | > I'll even prove it to you.
           | 
           | OK, I'm listening, what's the proof?
        
           | dataminer wrote:
           | Aren't options like insurance? insurance can be explained
           | rather easily. People buy insurance in their home, to protect
           | their investment in an unlikely event that it gets destroyed.
           | Similarly people can buy insurance to protect their
           | investments in financial instruments.
        
         | shmoogy wrote:
         | If you use them like WSB they are an unnecessary accelerator,
         | they're intended for being used as a hedge (and probably other
         | things more savvy investors know more about).
        
         | jacksnipe wrote:
         | I'm generally sympathetic to the idea that financial
         | derivatives are a great evil, and a huge part of what feels
         | "broken" about the current system.
         | 
         | However, consider futures, which are very similar to options.
         | Futures were, as I understand it, popularized in Chicago as a
         | way for farmers to be able to get money for their crop right
         | now, at a fixed price. In this way, they could pass the risk --
         | and a little bit of the profit -- off to people with more
         | capital, who were better able to weather all possible outcomes.
        
           | croon wrote:
           | And in practice, how would that be different from
           | incorporating and selling stocks to those investors, thus
           | raising money now, and then growing in value as the crops are
           | reaped?
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | mLuby wrote:
         | Derivatives provide useful abstractions over primitive
         | financial data types. Instead of saying "give me the {id: int,
         | name: string, birthday: date}" we can just say "give me the
         | User" and that's helpful. But as in software, it's possible to
         | build towers of abstraction high enough so as to lose sight of
         | the fundamental data upon which they rest, and then differences
         | between the abstraction and implementation open the door for
         | bugs (i.e. financial crises).
         | 
         | Options are similar to a down payment, or trip cancellation
         | insurance. It gives you the ability to buy something (or not
         | buy it) in the future, but for that privilege you must pay
         | something right now. Options provide leverage (using more money
         | than you presently have), like a credit card or mortgage. Just
         | as most people can't bring piles of cash to buy a car or house
         | outright, options give you the ability to buy the thing but
         | also the chance to walk away. Key caveat: there situations
         | where options that have unlimited risk; these can easily be
         | avoided, but that's where options get their bad reputation.
         | 
         | You're right that both can serve to accelerate growth, and
         | that's a good thing for individuals, companies, and nations.
         | But if things go wrong, crashes at high speeds are much more
         | dangerous than those at low speeds.
        
         | ineptech wrote:
         | If you put $X in to AAPL, you can hedge against catastrophe by
         | putting $X/10 in to an option to sell AAPL, which will limit
         | your losses if the stock drops to 0 tomorrow. So in theory,
         | they can be used sensibly.
         | 
         | But in practice I think it's not the existence of the
         | derivatives market, it's the size. Our economy is like a town
         | with 1 farmer and 9 investors who spend all day wagering with
         | each other on whether the farmer will have a good crop.
        
           | saddlerustle wrote:
           | > Our economy is like a town with 1 farmer and 9 investors
           | who spend all day wagering with each other on whether the
           | farmer will have a good crop.
           | 
           | Objectively, that's not true. The finance industry is under
           | 10% of GDP and under 5% of jobs.
        
         | p_l wrote:
         | The most traditional version of the stock market is that a
         | company issued shares in order to gain cash for investment,
         | with shareholders essentially fronting the risk for a portion
         | of the pie. If it things went well, there would be dividends,
         | then you addition of trading shares to someone other than the
         | originating company.
         | 
         | Can't say much on derivatives and others, at least futures made
         | sense as way of fronting money for agriculture :/
        
         | Youden wrote:
         | So many ways:
         | 
         | - If you own a stock and want to reduce the downside risk, you
         | can buy a put option to ensure you'll always be able to sell
         | your stock for a reasonable price, even if there's a financial
         | crash.
         | 
         | - If you have the ability to produce some product (e.g. grain)
         | but need some extra money (e.g. to buy seed or fix a tractor)
         | or just want to lock in a sale price for your product, you can
         | sell a futures contract.
         | 
         | - If you want need some product at some point in the future
         | (e.g. fuel for your jets) and want to lock in the price, you
         | can buy a futures contract.
         | 
         | Fundamentally, derivatives allow you to trade risk. You can pay
         | somebody to absorb some risk for you or you can accept some
         | risk in exchange for money.
        
         | alfl wrote:
         | Let's say you want to invest your corporate treasury in
         | equities (you've raised several years of burn and don't need it
         | all now). If you lose the treasury you're out of business.
         | 
         | You decide you can accept X% risk. You estimate portfolio risk
         | is Y%.
         | 
         | You can enter options positions for the portfolio components to
         | force Y to X.
        
         | jdjfktkrnj wrote:
         | A nice mind-blowing true exemple I've read is you buy gas
         | futures (cheap), you sell electricity futures (expensive) and
         | you use the profit to build a power plant which turns gas into
         | electricity.
        
         | mdnahas wrote:
         | Options are valuable because they are how Wall St. deals with
         | probabilities.
         | 
         | We don't actually know what a company is worth. You can imagine
         | estimating the worth (a.k.a., "net present value") of a company
         | based on its future dividends (or stock buybacks). But any
         | formula will contain a lot of probabilities of when each
         | dividend will occur, the amount, and the discount factor (that
         | is, how much future money is worth today). So what you get is
         | actually a distribution of how much a company is worth.
         | 
         | The stock market doesn't deal with distributions directly. It
         | uses options. A call option is the ability to buy a stock at a
         | given price called the "strike price". So, from the prices for
         | two call options, you can infer the probability that the
         | stock's worth is between their strike prices.
        
       | btbuildem wrote:
       | Sure, people are angry. People are angry all the time.
       | 
       | This however is as old as the game itself. It's ALWAYS about
       | greed and fear. That part is as predictable as gravity.
        
       | fairity wrote:
       | It's impossible to time the top, but one thing you can say with
       | certainty is that eventually the price of these stocks will come
       | back down (because the underlying firm is clearly not worth its
       | market cap).
       | 
       | Hence, the smartest bet here seems to be buying put options that
       | expire far out. Currently, the price of the $320 GME PUT expiring
       | in Jan 2022 is $240. That seems like free money?
        
         | bart_spoon wrote:
         | Note that $240 is the price of a put for a single share, which
         | are typically bought in increments of 100 with options. So
         | buying a single one of those options requires $24,000. There
         | are definitely people spending that kind of money over in WSB,
         | for given the volatility nature of the meme stock, its a lot of
         | money to put on the line for anyone not in the WSB mindset, or
         | who isn't so flush with cash that that's a drop in the bucket.
        
           | fairity wrote:
           | Yea, it's definitely not a small amount, but at the same
           | time, it seems like a very safe bet given the fundamentals of
           | the underlying company. You're basically betting that the
           | volatility will subside within 1 year.
           | 
           | If you're right, your ROI will be (320-240-X)/240 where X is
           | the share price 1 year from now. If X is 30, ROI is 20%. Even
           | if you're wildly wrong, and the share price is still $100 1
           | year from now, your ROI is only -9%.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | kart23 wrote:
       | Can anyone tell me why SEC won't just step in, suspend trading,
       | and force some kind of resolution? Its obvious that the market
       | has been effectively broken by the short sellers. It might just
       | make the redditors more angry and likely to hit other shorted
       | stocks, and possibly cause markets to decline, but its the best
       | applicable solution i see.
       | 
       | https://www.sec.gov/oiea/investor-alerts-and-bulletins/ib_tr...
        
         | rjbwork wrote:
         | The forced resolution will be to force the shorts to cover.
         | Screwing people that took the other side of the trade because
         | the short sellers screwed up doesn't really make any sense to
         | me.
        
           | pvarangot wrote:
           | Also the short-sellers are not being fooled into taking risks
           | and neither are the call buyers. Everyone should know what
           | they are doing.
        
           | girvo wrote:
           | Though regulatory bodies "picking a winner" can happen, as
           | unfair as it sounds. I would hope they wouldn't in this
           | situation though.
        
           | kart23 wrote:
           | yes, the resolution would entail that. its not about screwing
           | people, its about fixing something thats broken. Isn't that
           | what happened in 2008? Banks made stupid decisions, and
           | government bailed them out for it. Obviously more complicated
           | and probably higher stakes, but the crisis essentially boils
           | down to that. Don't see why it can't happen here.
        
         | Miner49er wrote:
         | It's not like this is the first time a short squeeze has
         | happened. Has the SEC stepped in for other squeezes? If they
         | were gonna step in, it should have been when naked shorting was
         | occurring, not now.
        
           | sjy wrote:
           | It looks like there was a listed short squeeze fund, SQZZ
           | [1], which closed in 2018 only for lack of investors [2], so
           | the SEC doesn't seem to have a fundamental problem with the
           | strategy.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1559109/000089109
           | 215...
           | 
           | [2] https://www.etfstrategy.com/active-alts-closes-
           | contrarian-sh...
        
         | rantwasp wrote:
         | so heads I win, tail you lose?
         | 
         | why would the SEC step in? I think if they step in they need to
         | put in stronger rules from the wall street shamans not inhibit
         | the retail traders.
         | 
         | the stock market is not gonna get in trouble if a bunch a
         | people are buying an overvalued stock. it is gonna get in
         | trouble when you short 140% of the float and b*tch moan for
         | more restrictions when you get called on it
        
         | kahrl wrote:
         | Short sellers illegally borrowed more stock that actually
         | existed. They are the criminals here. Not the people
         | discovering this and taking the criminals for everything they
         | have.
        
           | 0xffff2 wrote:
           | It's entirely possible for short sellers to have _legally_
           | borrowed more stock than is actually outstanding. There is no
           | evidence that I 've seen that they've done so illegally.
        
           | rvz wrote:
           | Correct.
           | 
           | GME was heavily shorted at ~148% and the institutional shorts
           | got too greedy and /r/wallstreetbets caught them as they
           | failed to close their shorts.
           | 
           | Now they are forced to buy back the stock to cover their
           | positions whist everyone is buying and holding GME as the
           | stock price goes higher; rinse and repeat.
           | 
           | If anything, the hedge-funds over-shorting these stocks are
           | the criminals which have manipulated them (GME) for years
           | with other hedge-funds bailing them out and the media
           | covering their asses for their illegal activities; as usual.
           | 
           | Then they cry and lie with the media: 'ThiS is mAnIpulAtIOn'
           | to /r/wallstreetbets.
           | 
           | All I can say is: /r/wallstreetbets is literally robinhood.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | xur17 wrote:
           | Is it actually illegal to do this (not should it be, is it)?
        
             | kgwgk wrote:
             | Not at all.
        
         | qaq wrote:
         | That is already happing people basically sorted stocks by % of
         | shorted float and are piling on. AMC, SPCE etc
        
         | pvarangot wrote:
         | They only interfere when the amount of magical floating stock
         | that would need to materialize to fulfill all the contracts and
         | pay back all the loans is too much to actually break down the
         | market. That is not the case yet. As long as the only
         | consequence of a squeeze is that people that made bets loose
         | all their money the SEC is not going to do anything. No one is
         | being fooled into buying something that's riskier than it looks
         | here.
         | 
         | Of course if GME asked to be delisted they could also help, but
         | that also hasn't happened yet I think.
        
       | TheAlchemist wrote:
       | I get Gamestop. But anyone knows why is Nokia also being targeted
       | ?
        
         | reducesuffering wrote:
         | WSB retail is so ignorant these days, their only criteria are
         | cheap ticker prices (GME, NOK, BB all started < $10) with a
         | commonly recognized brand name to them, because that is all
         | that matters to get people on board.
        
       | EVa5I7bHFq9mnYK wrote:
       | The Wall Street doesn't make money on direct bets, but on option
       | spreads, commissions, margin rates, order flow etc. So they must
       | love Robinhood and WSB ... the more excited the retail dummies
       | are - the better, in the end the house always wins.
        
       | rabuse wrote:
       | I bought into this at around $80. Was shocked to wake up and see
       | it at $350.
        
         | jscheel wrote:
         | I bought quite a bit around 88, later theorized that shorts
         | would be able to stair-step down to ~60 on circuit breakers
         | yesterday (like the day they did before), so I sold around
         | neutral. Feeling pretty dang dumb now.
        
         | vga805 wrote:
         | i bought gamestop a few weeks ago at 17... then sold at 20
         | something
         | 
         | fortunately i was able to get back in around 40. this is an
         | historic moment
        
           | Kluny wrote:
           | I tried to buy last night at $146, but I didn't get in before
           | the market closed. Today I bought one single share at $360
           | and I feel like an idiot on multiple levels. Pure gambling,
           | but it's fun.
        
             | dannyw wrote:
             | I doubt you'd be feeling like an idiot if the short squeeze
             | actually happens, sending the stock to wonderland ($$$$).
        
               | Blackstone4 wrote:
               | How do you know it is not in wonderland already? What
               | price would you put on it? For me what is important is
               | the fundamental valuation of the company...
        
               | Kluny wrote:
               | Normally that's true, but I don't think the company's
               | actual valuation has much to do with what's happening
               | here - the company is basically worthless. The only
               | question is how much money you're willing to throw away,
               | because absolutely no one can predict what will happen
               | tomorrow.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | anfogoat wrote:
       | It is unbelievably telling how suddenly this sort of activity is
       | a problem.
       | 
       | I'm looking forward to seeing what kind of new regulations we're
       | going to be enjoying as a result. Some people's feelings and
       | sense of superiority are truly hurt by this I expect and the SEC
       | are probably hard at work trying to figure something out and to
       | the extent that they're failing to do so, salivating at thought
       | of new powers. All in the name of saving the undeserving from
       | themselves of course.
        
       | voisin wrote:
       | Why doesn't GME issue some shares at these prices and pay off all
       | its debt and add cash to the balance sheet?
        
         | odiroot wrote:
         | Matt Levine is speculating that they're doing exactly that.
        
         | jdjfktkrnj wrote:
         | Some say that would be illegal, since GME knows these prices
         | are wrong, and thus they would be guilty of fleecing whomever
         | buys them.
         | 
         | But supposedly they could make the investors sign a waiver that
         | they acknowledge this?
        
           | voisin wrote:
           | This is not accurate. There is no such thing as "prices are
           | wrong". The price is being set by arm's length third parties
           | transacting. Their motivations may be questionable but that
           | doesn't make the price "wrong".
        
         | dannyw wrote:
         | Because GME already has more cash than it's debt. It's always
         | had a great balance sheet. Shorts were not very justifiable: it
         | was hardly going to go bankrupt.
        
           | kgwgk wrote:
           | It doesn't have to go to bankrupt, it just has to go down.
        
       | jdjfktkrnj wrote:
       | So, do people still think Efficient Market Hypothesis is a thing?
       | 
       | If this doesn't prove that the stock market is just a video game,
       | which decoupled from economic reality a long time ago...
       | 
       | We've now entered the age of the meme stock market.
        
         | totalZero wrote:
         | > do people still think Efficient Market Hypothesis is a thing?
         | 
         | Sure, it's a thing. But underdamping is also a thing. And
         | information diffusion is also a thing.
         | 
         | The efficient market hypothesis doesn't say "markets are always
         | efficient, and prices only move based on new public
         | information." Rather, that information diffuses into the
         | market. Some idiot hotshot billionaire short-seller overshorted
         | GME, and it took time for that information to spread to other
         | market participants. Then, once the information was there, it
         | took time for the upward price impact to un-do the impact of
         | the short. And it is going to overshoot the true asset value
         | because the market is underdamped -- contrarians aren't going
         | to step in immediately, and longs are still waiting to put in a
         | clear indication of a top.
         | 
         | The real joke here is that Plotkin went so heavily short a name
         | that was trading at a mere fraction of its annual sales.
         | 
         | Personally I think there are two SEC rules that should come out
         | of all of this:
         | 
         | First, shorts should be reported alongside longs in 13F
         | filings.
         | 
         | Second, there should either be a limitation on re-hypothecation
         | for heavily shorted names, or short sellers should not be able
         | to add to new positions once shorts go beyond 100% of the
         | float.
        
         | CyberRabbi wrote:
         | Exceptional short-term phenomena like this do not disprove the
         | idea that on long-term time scales the market is efficient.
         | 
         | A regression to the mean will inevitably happen and that will
         | further confirm the efficiency idea. Everyone will eventually
         | have to sell.
        
         | mam2 wrote:
         | Well until you have a definite consistent strategy to make
         | money off it, its still "efficient market" with noise.
         | 
         | The noise just got bigger...
        
         | dangoldin wrote:
         | "The market can remain irrational longer than you can remain
         | solvent." - supposedly John Maynard Keynes
        
           | jdjfktkrnj wrote:
           | r/WSB likes to rephrase this as "we can remain retarded
           | longer that they can remain solvent"
        
             | xiphias2 wrote:
             | I hope it's true...I want to see Melvin bankrupt,
             | especially after the ,,we closed our positions'' bs. I
             | don't know why but it sounds so much fun :)
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | Quantum Market Hypothesis
         | 
         | In one dimension, the new GME management (which did occur) does
         | a secondary market offering directly into liquidity,
         | recapitalizing themselves which changes all the fundamentals.
         | This wouldnt be known information because the expectation of no
         | liquidity, but now that there is liquidity it creates new
         | information
        
           | schnevets wrote:
           | The only way this could get stupider is if GME took their
           | impressive new warchest and bought/merged with Valve, pulling
           | a unicorn into the stock market. At that point, reddit would
           | have memed a brick and mortar retailer into a SPAC.
        
             | baq wrote:
             | if only gaben agreed. i think the internet would break.
        
             | cbozeman wrote:
             | Apes together strong.
        
         | mttddd wrote:
         | I guess it is not the efficient market in the sense of valued
         | according to the underlying financials. But to me at least it
         | is "efficient" in the sense that the price is now basically
         | tied to supply and demand. You have a stock that has >100% of
         | outstanding shares short and a ton of people buying and holding
         | the stock intentionally to prevent those users from covering
         | the shorts. If nobody wants to sell you a share at 100$ you
         | have to offer more and the more you offer the more in the hole
         | other shorts become. This is the market punishing people who
         | thought they were getting easy money by shorting the hell out
         | of a dying company.
        
         | Edmond wrote:
         | This is a reductive take, there is the idealized model of the
         | market that the efficient market hypothesis refers to and there
         | is the real one, which can get quite messy.
         | 
         | The market does serve a real purpose, ie deploying capital and
         | providing liquidity.
        
           | VikingCoder wrote:
           | It serves that purpose, but is the market as it exists today
           | the best way for society to achieve that purpose?
           | 
           | K-shaped recoveries make me think "I wish there were a better
           | way."
           | 
           | But I'm an idiot. So my best idea right now is, "When a
           | business issues stock, they also have to issue an additional
           | 20% to the government, and then we need to keep the tax rate
           | low-ish on dividends, but increase the tax rate on capital
           | gains - hopefully encouraging companies to pay dividends,
           | which the government would receive."
           | 
           | I'd appreciate if someone could tell me why my plan is awful.
           | Because I'm sure it is, but I haven't been able to figure out
           | why it's awful.
        
             | Edmond wrote:
             | Well, not sure which country you're writing from but here
             | in the US, private property laws should be enough to nip
             | the idea of government taking shares of a private company.
             | 
             | Dividends and capital gains in general have an inverse
             | relationship, ie dividend paying stocks typically are low
             | growing and as such don't tend to experience much price
             | increase (ie capital gains). You own such shares so you can
             | get the consistent dividend (share of profits) as your
             | return...There may be exceptions but in general this
             | relationship holds.
             | 
             | In a non-bubble market, the capital gains are a reflection
             | of company's growth and expected future profits, thus the
             | stock price is based on present-value-of-future-cashflows
             | model (ideally of course, the reality is often messy).
             | 
             | In other words dividends and capital gains are not
             | inherently in conflict, they merely reflect life-cycles of
             | companies. Of course there are a ton of unprofitable
             | companies on the market currently with high stock prices,
             | there is a larger debate to be had on why that is and how
             | to curtail it.
        
             | fennecfoxen wrote:
             | You're proposing to make the market more efficient by
             | giving the politicians _more_ power to boss companies
             | around and pick winners and losers. This is an excellent
             | thesis if you believe central planning is the best way to
             | allocate society 's resources and is definitely never a
             | vehicle for official corruption, and taxpayer funds are
             | never ever misused for bailouts and other political favors.
             | If not, such a move will only exacerbate the common
             | complaints of today.
             | 
             | As it turns out, government is already entitled to N% of a
             | company's profit, through corporate taxes. If you are
             | greedy on behalf of the politicians and want N to be a
             | bigger cut of that, that's one thing.
             | 
             | But if politicians want to boss companies around, they
             | already have the option to go on record and pass neutral
             | and generally-applicable laws to do that -- and such laws
             | are a fair sight better than the shady backroom deals that
             | will go in when politicians start filling board seats with
             | political apparatchiks. Do you want Donald Trump filling a
             | board seat at Disney with someone like Jared Kushner? If
             | you do, do you want Biden appointing his son Hunter to a
             | board seat at Tesla? Can you imagine the insane conflicts
             | of interest multiplied by the entire economy? It's bad
             | enough already. We really, really don't need to glue
             | together everything shady about big business with
             | everything shadowy about government.
             | 
             | P.S. Oh, and the other thing is that people start raising
             | capital and incorporating in ways that these confiscatory
             | taxes and seizures of control that you propose just _don 't
             | apply._ More private equity, or just incorporating
             | overseas.
             | 
             | P.P.S. Oh, it also favors the companies who don't need to
             | raise capital on the markets: Apple can just take its cash
             | hoarde and invest like crazy, while the next hot Silicon
             | Valley player that would challenge them has to pay 20%.
        
               | VikingCoder wrote:
               | > You're proposing to make the market more efficient by
               | giving the politicians more power to boss companies
               | around and pick winners and losers.
               | 
               | I'd love to hear your analysis of how Norway is handling
               | their oil reserves.
               | 
               | Huge companies are not paying taxes. That's a problem.
               | You seem to think there's no good solution. I maybe
               | agree. But I'm willing to move on to a bad solution. How
               | about you?
               | 
               | > As it turns out, government is already entitled to N%
               | of a company's profit, through corporate taxes.
               | 
               | If you think in practice that actually works, then you
               | and I are on completely different pages.
               | 
               | > politicians start filling board seats with political
               | apparatchiks
               | 
               | I'm proposing the government receive non-voting shares,
               | or is just restricted from voting. I don't want
               | politicians on boards.
               | 
               | In fact, if you're curious, I think that the major
               | political parties should refuse to endorse anyone who
               | doesn't 100% divest themselves of all future income,
               | instead promising to receive all of their future income
               | through their government pension. And elections should be
               | publicly funded (each citizen gets $100 per year to
               | allocate to whichever politician or party they want to,
               | and that's it). Amend the Constitution to overturn
               | Citizens United. Re-instate the Fairness Doctrine.
               | 
               | > everything shady about big business with everything
               | shadowy about government
               | 
               | That you apparently believe they're not already 100%
               | glued together already shows again that you and I are on
               | completely different pages.
               | 
               | > More private equity, or just incorporating overseas.
               | 
               | Yes, we need a "Uniform Commercial Code" for taxation,
               | around the world. We all suffer that that doesn't exist.
               | 
               | > Apple can just take its cash hoarde and invest like
               | crazy
               | 
               | That problem already exists in many ways. We should never
               | have allowed corporations to get as big as they are, and
               | we should start to break them up. Competition is good.
        
               | fennecfoxen wrote:
               | Excuse me. You started this by saying you were trying to
               | deploy capital more efficiently. You appear to have
               | abandoned that premise.
        
               | VikingCoder wrote:
               | Yeah, you can't isolate one aspect of how our global
               | economy works and talk about it in isolation.
               | 
               | And no, I didn't say "I want to deploy capital more
               | efficiently."
               | 
               | I actually used the phrase "is [this] the BEST way"
               | [emphasis added].
               | 
               | We went through a K-shaped recovery. Capital did AWESOME.
               | I'm now asserting that the society should think about
               | better ways to ALLOW capital to be deployed.
        
               | fennecfoxen wrote:
               | Right, if you want to push your populist agenda of state
               | control in the name of the people(tm) you should really
               | open with that.
        
         | ISL wrote:
         | In the short term, the market is a popularity contest. In the
         | long term, the market is a weighing machine.
         | 
         | If you look at the option chains, it is clear that traders
         | value GameStop in the long run far below the current trading
         | price.
         | 
         | https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/stocks/gme/option-cha...
         | 
         | A November 2021 "put" at the present market price of ~$360, the
         | right to sell GameStop stock in November at $360, is selling
         | for about $300.
         | 
         | For comparison, a January 2022 put at Microsoft's present
         | market price of ~$235 is selling for ~$30.
         | 
         | GameStop is presently a cafeteria food-fight. It will end, a
         | lot of people will be sad, everyone will remember the story,
         | and GameStop stock will eventually better-correlate with
         | business performance.
         | 
         |  _Edit: Indeed, the fact that one can buy puts for so cheap is
         | interesting, as GameStop is probably "worth" $30 or less at
         | present. However, is it worth risking $300 to perhaps make $30
         | while food is flying around? Not for me._
        
           | dannyw wrote:
           | You don't actually understand option prices. Put-call parity.
           | The reason why options are so expensive is because of high
           | implied volatility. Both calls AND puts are expensive; as
           | they always will be, because if they're not balanced, a risk
           | free arbitrage ensures.
           | 
           | Here's an article on why calls and puts must be the same
           | price: https://robotwealth.com/why-arent-call-options-more-
           | expensiv...
        
             | hervature wrote:
             | No, they are only the same price under very strict
             | assumptions. The put-call parity says that buying a call
             | and selling a put creates the same payoff structure as
             | being long the stock itself. Depending on the strike, the
             | put or the call could be ~100% of the value of the
             | position. Only when you get near the price of the
             | underlying do the put and call equal each other.
        
             | ISL wrote:
             | I think I do understand them, from a value-investor's
             | perspective. If I buy an option, I actually intend to
             | exercise it or hold it until expiration, not hedge with it.
             | 
             | If I bought a GameStop put today, for the pricing in my
             | post above, it would be because I was willing to make a
             | strong bet that GameStop's intrinsic value in November
             | would remain below $60/share and that I was fairly sure the
             | market would return to its senses by then. How the option-
             | seller reaches her offering price is entirely irrelevant to
             | me.
             | 
             | It is true that much of the pricing of options comes from
             | volatility, but for me, as a buyer, it is perhaps
             | irrelevant.
             | 
             | Thanks for your perspective, though. I'll read your link
             | with interest.
        
               | dannyw wrote:
               | What I mean is you cannot make directional predictions of
               | a stock from option prices. The information just isn't
               | there. The same way you can't use long dated futures.
               | Because S&P 500 futures (during regular trading hours)
               | will always be the current price, modified by the
               | financing cost. There can never be a directional
               | prediction, because all directional predictions get
               | arbitraged away into the current price.
        
               | ISL wrote:
               | Ah. Understood. Thank you.
        
               | ISL wrote:
               | I've had more time to think about this now -- it would
               | appear that directional prediction can be arbitraged away
               | in a world where the future cannot be known. In general,
               | however, through research, one can begin to divine a
               | glimmer (or more) of the future direction of the
               | underlying.
               | 
               | In that situation, someone with a reasonable guess at the
               | future could absolutely murder uninformed arbitrageurs,
               | right? It is my expectation that "correct" pricing of the
               | options should fold in information about both the
               | expected volatility and the direction of the underlying.
        
           | mikestew wrote:
           | You should probably put the bottom, italicized part closer to
           | the top of what is a good illustration. Many folks (most?)
           | won't immediately know what a $300 premium means to a $360
           | strike price. Meaning even if it goes to zero, you make a
           | whopping $60. But your point of making $30 on a $300 risk
           | clears it up, I think.
        
           | thebean11 wrote:
           | I think you're just seeing volatility difference between the
           | stocks, not sentiment difference. Calls on Gamestop are also
           | more expensive than Microsoft right?
        
           | fennecfoxen wrote:
           | > In the short term, the market is a popularity contest.
           | 
           | In the long term, stocks that actually make money are the
           | popular ones.
        
       | thepasswordis wrote:
       | There's a mantra among these people of
       | 
       | "I just wanted to play video games, why couldn't you leave me
       | alone?"
       | 
       | The culture of a lot of redditors and internet trolls in general
       | seems to be that they feel like they are the eternal punching bag
       | of society. They were the punching bag in high school, they
       | didn't get into a good school (or go to college at all), and now
       | they're the punching bag of society as "incels" or "white males"
       | or whatever, and I think what you're seeing here in a big way is
       | them fighting back.
       | 
       | A comedian named Tim Dillon somewhat accidentally NAILED the
       | sentiment here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0pgEWcq_YQ (NSFW
       | language).
        
         | chasely wrote:
         | The people that are getting the highest praise in the subreddit
         | are probably not in that group. We're seeing people investing
         | $10^4 to $10^5 in GME.
         | 
         | If they are gambling their entire life savings away, then I
         | guess they got lucky this time but I do hope they see this as
         | the anomalous event that it is. I have invested a small amount
         | into the WSB "portfolio" and have similar great returns. But
         | given that I only do this with the "play" money in my
         | portfolio, I'm not retiring because of it.
        
         | diarrhea wrote:
         | I'm not sure there's much of an overlap. Incels are a rather
         | small group, and I think most wallstreetbets users are
         | surprisingly... normal. You can't bet on stocks if you're poor.
         | So you'll have lots of mid/late 20s educated guys with decent
         | incomes. This to me really feels like a classic "for the lulz"
         | (and some personal profit), avalanche-style event.
        
           | fwip wrote:
           | "for the lulz" isn't really a normal-person thing to do.
        
             | briankelly wrote:
             | Not everybody takes themselves so seriously.
        
           | icebraining wrote:
           | Yeah, but that doesn't mean they aren't portrayed as incels.
        
           | as1mov wrote:
           | This applies even to the internet "cesspools" really. Most of
           | my friends were/are regular posters on reddit/4chan, and they
           | are surprisingly normal. All of them have decent jobs that
           | pay well, some are married. If you met them in real life, you
           | couldn't really tell there's something wrong with them.
           | 
           | They seem a far cry from what internet tells you a 4chan user
           | looks like. Funny enough, none of them (including me) are
           | white.
        
             | diarrhea wrote:
             | > you couldn't really tell there's something wrong with
             | them.
             | 
             | Okay, but is there? The way you're phrasing it sounds that
             | merely posting to 4chan makes them abnormal.
             | 
             | The other way around is true: there's an unusually high
             | share of abnormal people on 4chan. Just posting there
             | shouldn't be a sign of abnormality. It's just a Mongolian
             | basket weaving forum after all.
        
           | me_me_me wrote:
           | This. Plus every subreddit has different make up. Its pretty
           | ignorant putting all reddit as one homogenious group.
        
         | nceqs3 wrote:
         | Tim Dillon is one of the funniest and most thoughtful comedians
         | out there right now. His ability to describe the ongoing
         | political and social climate is unmatched.
        
         | cccc4all wrote:
         | There are 3 million people at WSB. Are you calling all 3
         | million "incels" and "white male" or whatever? Why are you
         | calling them "these people"?
         | 
         | Do you think their opinions are less than yours?
        
         | cvhashim wrote:
         | The real punching bag in our country is probably poor, minority
         | single mothers.
        
       | colllectorof wrote:
       | If you want an entertaining explanation of what's going on with
       | GameStop's stock, I highly recommend these videos from Louis
       | Rossmann:
       | 
       | https://lbry.tv/@rossmanngroup:a/wallstreetbets-vs-citron-re...
       | 
       | https://lbry.tv/@rossmanngroup:a/why-mainstream-media-s-slan...
       | 
       | https://lbry.tv/@rossmanngroup:a/gamestop-shorts-lose-billio...
       | 
       | https://lbry.tv/@rossmanngroup:a/gamestop-shorts-are-full-of...
       | 
       | (That's how I learned about the whole thing, which I frankly find
       | fascinating.)
        
         | kylebenzle wrote:
         | Just SO pumped that library is being used in the real world to
         | host videos!
        
           | mdoms wrote:
           | I didn't even get through 4 minutes of the first video
           | without a huge amount of buffering. Is this on youtube?
        
           | FooHentai wrote:
           | I tried to watch the first video and it stopped after 13
           | seconds, insisting the video was complete. Refreshes didn't
           | fix it.
           | 
           | So I just went and watched on Youtube instead. Not sure what
           | the deal was there.
        
           | teekert wrote:
           | I had some hiccups, they should have gone with PeerTube, the
           | more peers, the merrier.
        
           | cstrat wrote:
           | I'm unable to watch any of them, only the first few seconds
           | loads. Hopefully they can improve because this is terrible
        
         | fredliu wrote:
         | Great explanation. IMO the GameStop phenomenon is the result of
         | the combination of democratization of trading through software
         | (Robinhood no fee trading, doing it on your cellphone) + social
         | media enabled mass scale online community building (around some
         | previously fringe niche). Any area that is subject to this kind
         | of combination of change could face similar situation where the
         | old institutions guarding the area would face increasing
         | challenge from grass root efforts ("retards/autistics" as in
         | wsb's lingo).
        
         | wyxuan wrote:
         | I lost my respect for Rossman after he uploaded a video cursing
         | out short sellers after $AGRX sunk after getting approved. Bio
         | stocks almost always sink after PDUFAs, but he was just raging
         | after what he thought was market manipulation.
        
           | IIAOPSW wrote:
           | I was disapointed in some of his videos about Coronavirus and
           | Cuomo's executive orders. But then I remembered that he is
           | neither a stock trader nor an epidemiologist. His channel is
           | fundamentally an opinion show. Its a good opinion show, but
           | still an opinion show. When he starts giving opinions on
           | things far outside his wheelhouse he becomes a more-rational-
           | than-average lay person.
        
             | tpmx wrote:
             | Ah, so the downvotes came. Edit: He's the smartest person
             | alive!
        
               | paulpauper wrote:
               | I call them 'professional morons'--high-profile who have
               | a lot of status and money and clout in various tech and
               | investment fields despite being sorta dim and banal
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | throwaways885 wrote:
               | Rossmann is hardly rich. His whole brand is fighting
               | Apple for right-to-repair legislation as well as a bunch
               | of pro small business stuff. What exactly is wrong with
               | this opinion on the oppressive covid lockdowns?
        
         | teekert wrote:
         | This is gold, it's things like this situation and then such
         | people explaining it that teaches me more about the market than
         | any other dry material I have ever found before.
        
         | zinclozenge wrote:
         | I didn't watch all the videos, but so far as I write this post,
         | it does not appear that shorts have covered, or started
         | covering (at least as of this morning). It seems like the price
         | hike is due to big buyers and gamma squeezes. There's been
         | systematic short attacks in an attempt to drive the stock down,
         | but they keep getting neutralized by big buyers. It's been a
         | wild ride.
        
           | herpderperator wrote:
           | Melvin Capital did.[0]
           | 
           | [0] https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/27/hedge-fund-targeted-by-
           | reddi...
        
             | jowsie wrote:
             | You sure about that?
             | 
             | https://www.reddit.com/r/stocks/comments/l64xvw/gme_dedicat
             | e...
        
               | melq wrote:
               | Couldn't they close their position and still have the
               | short interest go up because of other investors opening
               | new positions?
               | 
               | If these institutions are going on record as closing
               | their positions, when they actually havent, aren't they
               | committing some sort of fraud?
        
               | ordinaryradical wrote:
               | If you follow this in more detail you will see they have
               | already misled the public on their positions several
               | times. But when the choice is between your fund's
               | bankruptcy and an SEC fine, people do crazy things.
        
               | edlebert wrote:
               | Also the borrow fee for shorts is insane now, like 23%.
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | Short interest is still over 100 after today's close.
        
       | cccc4all wrote:
       | The wall street casino recoils in horror that some people are
       | good at counting cards at black jack stock market and teaching
       | millions in how to count cards at black jack stock market.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | ipnon wrote:
       | Maybe Robinhood's mission of democratizing finance is succeeding.
       | The locus of power is being sucked out of Wall Street into a
       | lumbering giant in the hills. My question is: how isn't this the
       | most useful outcome for the most people?
        
         | Blackstone4 wrote:
         | Well if the valuation where it is now is undeserved then it
         | will likely come down. It may well be over priced so there is a
         | chance investors loss money from here. Not sure if this
         | democratizing....true democratizing is giving retail investors
         | access to financial markets on a level playing field
         | (information, trading/prices, all assets).
        
         | zappo2938 wrote:
         | Meanwhile a handful of families still own and control 70% of
         | all stocks which aren't traded, that is they aren't buying or
         | selling and will likely transfer the ownership to family in
         | decades time. The only way that will change is by changes in
         | taxation. What we are looking at with WSB and GME is a very,
         | very tiny perspective of the entire machine. It is interesting
         | but a very small influence on the entirety. Nonetheless, all
         | these instruments, such as short selling and options, are
         | designed to create liquidity and stability. It's working by
         | design. This isn't a bug, it is a feature.
        
         | bern4444 wrote:
         | It absolutely is. This is competition forcing entrenched
         | companies to adapt and compete. Funds will have to compete by
         | offering new financial products/models/offerings/services etc.
         | 
         | The public now has access to information and means of trading
         | at a level that was never before possible.
         | 
         | All the funds must be crazy upset since their once cornerd
         | industry, gated by terminology, tools, information and
         | institutional knowledge is suddenly far less valuable.
         | 
         | This at its core is exactly how a market should work. People
         | made stupid trades, and a bunch of others figured it out and
         | called them out. Perfect self regulating behavior but only
         | possible due to the massive expansion of access to information
         | and tooling by individuals.
         | 
         | What WSB and similar communities do is no different than a fund
         | manager going on the news and stating their recent positions
         | and reasoning.
        
           | boring_twenties wrote:
           | Yes, except the stated (and true) reasoning is "because fuck
           | you, that's why."
        
       | ping_pong wrote:
       | It's really not. Because eventually retail is going to get
       | destroyed.
       | 
       | Yes, some hedge funds have lost their shirts, but those are the
       | first ones who were in the short before the squeeze. The hedge
       | funds and more importantly day trading shops making money right
       | now are the ones who saw the activity and are goosing the stock
       | price right now. I don't know if people realize that there are
       | thousands of day trading shops where hundreds of people are in a
       | single room, like an internet cafe, where people are day trading
       | at terminals and people bark orders to each other and they all
       | jump on the same stocks. These are probably the shops that are
       | responsible for most of this volume.
       | 
       | There is no way that WSB boosted the price for $40 to $400. Those
       | are hedge funds and trading shops that jumped into it afterwards.
       | 
       | They will sell at the top, and retail investors are going to buy
       | on the fall, thinking it's "on sale" and then they will get wiped
       | out.
        
         | boringg wrote:
         | I don't think you understand what's happening here.
         | 
         | There's only so much volume available as a result of the short
         | positions. WSB et al are putting in money on a long hold. As a
         | result that drives up the price. Yeah gamma's are in for sure
         | making money. There are some people who have made multiple
         | millions. One individual sitting at $31M currently on a $50k
         | investment.
         | 
         | Some retail will lose, but wall street institutional short
         | sellers are getting hit hard right now. For them to win this
         | they need to keep putting more money into the fire which pulls
         | in bigger and bigger fish. At some point large institutional
         | investors aren't willing to bail out the short sellers.
         | 
         | It is also a strong argument that wall street isn't as
         | intelligent or in control as they like to promote.
         | 
         | General public doesn't understand the trade or the sentiment
         | behind it.
        
           | alfl wrote:
           | WSB is trying to get stock removed from the pool available
           | for shorts as well to break the cycle of shorts borrowing the
           | stock, selling it, and then borrowing it again and selling it
           | again.
        
             | boringg wrote:
             | Exactly. Add that people are supposed to be buying stocks
             | and not allowing the brokers to lend them out to shorts
             | (squeezing supply further).
        
           | mdoms wrote:
           | > One individual sitting at $31M currently on a $50k
           | investment.
           | 
           | What happens when one tries to cash out this kind of
           | position? Does he or she actually walk away with $31M?
        
             | chasebank wrote:
             | FWIW, he was sitting on $31M at close yesterday
             | (~$141/share), Jan 26th. It's mid $300's now, Jan 27th,
             | easily doubling his position from yesterday north of $60M.
             | 
             | Edit: He just updating his daily position. Cashed out 13M,
             | has 35M still riding in shares and options.
             | 
             | [1] https://old.reddit.com/r/wallstreetbets/comments/l6ekdz
             | /gme_...
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | celticninja wrote:
               | It's approx $44m based in his most recent post.
        
             | alfl wrote:
             | In this case (/u/DeepF*ckingValue) it's a rolling options
             | positions so: yes, less the fees they've accumulated over
             | the 2+ year history of the position.
        
             | rabuse wrote:
             | Yes. The large order is placed on the market, and it would
             | be gobbled up at this point in time.
        
               | pbhjpbhj wrote:
               | I know nothing about trading:
               | 
               | Presumably they'd want to split the sell offer into
               | smaller portions to avoid indicating a turn in the market
               | which might cause a fall in price before they realise [as
               | big a] profit on their position?
               | 
               | Like trying to get out of a place when you see things
               | heading south (ie a calamity approaching). If you run for
               | the door then everyone will see you and the people close
               | to the door might block your exit as they seek to escape.
               | If you cautiously walk, avoid being direct, etc., you've
               | more chance to get out.
        
             | ogre_codes wrote:
             | Assuming they liquidate the position before it crashes,
             | yes.
             | 
             | It's very easy for retail investors to look at points in
             | time and see stellar results. Unless they cash out some of
             | that, before things start to drop, their massive position
             | vanishes as quickly as it arrived.
        
           | nightowl_games wrote:
           | > For them to win this they need to keep putting more money
           | into the fire which pulls in bigger and bigger fish.
           | 
           | This isn't true. The institutions with Short Exposure are
           | connected to the institutions who buy Robinhood data and
           | perform high frequency trading on those orders. Citadel and
           | Melvin can BUY GME themselves to mitigate the risks. It is
           | likely that a substantial amount of GME is being held by the
           | institutions who had short exposure. It's basic risk
           | mitigation.
           | 
           | The high frequency traders who have the Robinhood data are
           | making money on every Buy GME order and will make money on
           | every sell when this bubble collapses.
           | 
           | It is wrong to present this as a populist uprising.
           | 
           | This is an incredible fluctuation, a hilarious anomaly, but
           | it is nothing more than that. It will have no lasting impact.
           | 
           | I firmly believe that the hedge funds that held GME short
           | positions have bought into GME to mitigate their exposure.
           | They likely bought in algorithmically using robinhood data
           | and are making money off of retail right now.
           | 
           | My message to the people here: /r/wallstreetbets is not a
           | gameshark. You are still playing their game. You are still
           | playing a rigged game and you are still losing.
        
             | smm11 wrote:
             | Tell that to the guy up $31 million.
        
             | reissbaker wrote:
             | "Melvin and Citadel can BUY GME themselves to mitigate the
             | risk."
             | 
             | Melvin buying GME is not "mitigating," it's closing the
             | short position. If you close your short position high, you
             | got screwed and you lost money. They did close it
             | recently... At a massive loss.
             | 
             | "I firmly believe that the hedge funds that held GME short
             | positions have bought into GME to mitigate their exposure.
             | They likely bought in algorithmically using robinhood data
             | and are making money off of retail right now."
             | 
             | How... Would "making money off of retail" in a pernicious
             | sense be possible right now? If a retail trader on WSB
             | bought in at $20, and sold at $200, they got 1000% ROI on
             | their trades. Do you think that a bank secretly snuck in
             | greater than 1000% ROI? The WSB trader got 1000% ROI, but
             | the bank got 2000% ROI on the set of trades? The stock
             | would have to be trading at $600 and the bank secretly
             | pocketed $400 for that to happen.
             | 
             | Sure, the HFT front-run orders. But they are constantly
             | buying _and selling_ the shares they trade, they 're not
             | just buying. They don't get the buy-and-hold wins that the
             | slow retail traders got off of a rally like this. HFT make
             | money by providing liquidity, not by buying and holding
             | GME.
             | 
             | Also, just as a technicality, Melvin is not a high
             | frequency trader. They are not the same people front-
             | running Robinhood orders. Melvin lost big time.
             | 
             | "My message to the people here: ... you are still losing"
             | 
             | My message to the people here: if you got >1000% ROI, you
             | won. Don't let randos on HN make you feel bad.
             | 
             | (Close your position though.)
        
               | trianglem wrote:
               | No, if Melvin is buying calls they are not covering. They
               | are making a profit they can use to mitigate their losses
               | covering later.
        
             | DennisP wrote:
             | > It is likely that a substantial amount of GME is being
             | held by the institutions who had short exposure.
             | 
             | To some extent, sure, but bear in mind the total short
             | exposure was 140% of the total GME shares.
        
             | boringg wrote:
             | > This isn't true. The institutions with Short Exposure are
             | connected to the institutions who buy Robinhood data and
             | perform high frequency trading on those orders. Citadel and
             | Melvin can BUY GME themselves to mitigate the risks. It is
             | likely that a substantial amount of GME is being held by
             | the institutions who had short exposure. It's basic risk
             | mitigation.
             | 
             | -- They would have to do this at great cost and loss (rumor
             | mill has it at current loss of $4B). If you believe the
             | reports in the media Melvin has had to go ask for money
             | from other institutions. Thus bigger fish would now be
             | involved as they are putting money out to Melvin.
             | 
             | > The high frequency traders who have the Robinhood data
             | are making money on every Buy GME order and will make money
             | on every sell when this bubble collapses.
             | 
             | -- Agreed i said as much in my comment that people will
             | make money on it - some retail some institutionals.
             | 
             | > It is wrong to present this as a populist uprising.
             | 
             | -- Disagree. This is a trade that at its core is a
             | sentiment of disenfranchisement, anger at wall street short
             | sellers, financial establishment - and of course with the
             | hope of making money.
             | 
             | > This is an incredible fluctuation, a hilarious anomaly,
             | but it is nothing more than that. It will have no lasting
             | impact.
             | 
             | - Agree - most likely - it will however make wallstreet
             | institutional short sellers think more carefully about
             | their positions. There will be impacts but doubtful
             | anything transcendent on the markets. If anything SEC will
             | investigate Wallstreetbets traders as opposed to doing
             | anything to Wall street (which has been having carte
             | blanche under the last administration's effort to neuter
             | the SEC).
             | 
             | > I firmly believe that the hedge funds that held GME short
             | positions have bought into GME to mitigate their exposure.
             | They likely bought in algorithmically using robinhood data
             | and are making money off of retail right now.
             | 
             | -- Might be, however the losses they took at the beginning
             | on their position were pretty steep to jump right back into
             | the pool.
             | 
             | > My message to the people here: /r/wallstreetbets is not a
             | gameshark. You are still playing their game. You are still
             | playing a rigged game and you are still losing.
             | 
             | -- I don't think anyone has allusions that the tables have
             | turned. This is more like the chance for this one time give
             | a giant F U to wallstreet who has been perceived to be
             | making money off the backs of the population without any
             | care at all from retail investors.
        
               | majormajor wrote:
               | How much of "wall street" would lose major money off
               | this? Just a few hedge funds? Is that even that
               | meaningful in the long run or big picture?
        
               | jermeh wrote:
               | It's worth noting that these funds blowing up causes
               | large sell-offs of their other holdings, which can in
               | turn cause prices of those assets to fall. Falling prices
               | can cause more sell-offs, and can spiral. Nobody really
               | knows what's going to happen as a result of this since
               | it's pretty unprecedented. IIRC the SPX is down ~3% and
               | VIX is up 60% today.
        
               | majormajor wrote:
               | "A few firms losing a bet can spiral into huge effects,"
               | if true, sounds like a really, really, really good
               | argument for eliminating higher-risk instruments.
               | 
               | "We don't know how bad things we could get if we are
               | wrong" means you're doing something you shouldn't be.
        
               | nightowl_games wrote:
               | Fair assessment.
               | 
               | I am just pushing back at the narrative that this is a
               | "win" for the little guy and a "loss" for wall street.
               | 
               | Retail investors putting money into the market _at all_
               | is a net win for wall street _every time_ imo.
        
               | ds206 wrote:
               | > Retail investors putting money into the market _at all_
               | is a net win for wall street _every time_ imo.
               | 
               | This is what I think to myself everytime I see one of
               | those Acorn ads.
        
               | freeone3000 wrote:
               | What's the other side, though? Putting it into savings,
               | at 0.5%? Forex?
               | 
               | The game is rigged against you, but you're still better
               | off if you play.
        
               | boringg wrote:
               | Don't disagree with you - the markets are heavily
               | balanced in favor of entrenched players who have
               | informational, scale and timing advantages (ie wall
               | street). I do think that there's something else at play
               | here ... we will have to see what happens over the next
               | couple of weeks as things shake out.
        
               | boringg wrote:
               | Also - Citron has already said that they will take this
               | trade into account in how they allocate in the future. I
               | don't think this will really change anything though.
        
         | splistud wrote:
         | perhaps you don't realize these day trading shops (and loosely
         | connected groups of high volume traders), are active on wsb
        
         | ISL wrote:
         | It isn't just retail that is going to get destroyed -- the
         | option-sellers may not have enough capital to hedge
         | effectively. A lot of parties are going to be harmed by this;
         | it is an expensive tuition payment to the school of hard
         | knocks.
         | 
         | The most interesting technical thing about this fracas is the
         | fact that WSB has managed to play the options-sellers off
         | against the shorts to set this off. The kids have temporarily
         | played the adults off against one another and caused an
         | explosion.
         | 
         | In the end, the savvy and the lucky will have more capital than
         | in the beginning, and the un-trained and unlucky are going to
         | be very sad. In the meantime, food-fights are fun while the
         | food is flying.
        
           | trianglem wrote:
           | That's what I was wondering. Who is selling Jan 29th calls
           | right now? They can't all be covered. Is it the DMM?
        
           | elliekelly wrote:
           | And (no one seems to be talking about this) but there's
           | definitely a systemic cost. Going forward, how do you
           | effectively manage the risk of one of your positions becoming
           | a meme? This happening once is an interesting situation and
           | I've certainly enjoyed watching it play out. If it happens
           | repeatedly it will definitely start to undermine the
           | investing public & market participant confidence in the
           | market. That's certainly not something anyone should be
           | rooting for.
        
             | ISL wrote:
             | One way to counter the risk is broadening the
             | diversification of your positions. Half the time, meme-
             | status will make you a lot of money, too.
             | 
             | A more-sophisticated investor than I could also hedge
             | against undesirable long-tail events.
             | 
             | To me, with a long-term/value perspective, these transients
             | are a bummer because they distract from efficient price
             | discovery. But, with a long-term perspective, these
             | transients are mostly irrelevant. If a quality company's
             | price drops precipitously, it is then on sale and worth
             | buying. If it becomes quickly inflated, I can either hold
             | with a smile or, if it is just too insane, sell with the
             | expectation of buying in again later. The only real risk is
             | of a meme-driven fluctuation shorting an otherwise-okay
             | company into bankruptcy.
        
             | stonecraftwolf wrote:
             | I don't think dismissing this phenomenon as a stock turning
             | into a meme is right. WSB is...something, but there is
             | actually a rationale behind going long GME. If you think
             | that the new CEO, known for turning dead retail into
             | profitable online content and e-commerce businesses (as I
             | understand it), is going to turn GME around, then buying
             | $12 Apr 21 calls for thirteen cents or whatever it was
             | makes sense absent any notion of a short squeeze or market
             | manipulation. That it was one of the most shorted stocks
             | and there was an obvious opportunity for a short squeeze,
             | and that this seems to all be multiplied by HFT, is quite
             | the force multiplier.
             | 
             | It's not like this is some random event that could happen
             | to any position. There seem to be a number of factors in
             | play, but it's not random, and it's not because a meme got
             | popular.
        
               | eastbayjake wrote:
               | To clarify: not a new CEO (current one has been in place
               | since April 2019) but rather an activist shareholder who
               | bought a large stake and got seats on the board as a
               | result, and that guy has the e-commerce turnaround story
        
               | stonecraftwolf wrote:
               | That's what I get for skimming! Thanks for the
               | correction. :)
        
             | btbuildem wrote:
             | Meh. It's about time this rotten house of cards started
             | coming down.
        
             | Marazan wrote:
             | Don't play derivates, options or shorts.
             | 
             | Buy things, hold things, sell things.
        
             | onion2k wrote:
             | _Going forward, how do you effectively manage the risk of
             | one of your positions becoming a meme?_
             | 
             | Hide your position better. Put out fewer signals. Lobby to
             | make trades secret.
        
               | ska wrote:
               | Or, you know, don't short more than available float (or
               | anywhere near it)
        
             | mdoms wrote:
             | > Going forward, how do you effectively manage the risk of
             | one of your positions becoming a meme?
             | 
             | Don't take short positions. They add nothing of value to
             | anyone. They are just fancy gambling.
        
               | dentemple wrote:
               | And if you do intend to take a short position anyway,
               | don't push it past 100% of the available float.
        
           | blhack wrote:
           | Reading through the comments on WSB, I actually don't think
           | the losers care. They just want to see the short sellers
           | suffer. They're _just_ mad, and while I think they hope they
           | make money, I think most of them just want to see the people
           | they feel like control their lives suffer.
           | 
           | It's past clever trading at this point.
        
             | tonfa wrote:
             | I think it largely spilled over at this point, it's been
             | mentioned in every mainstream media around the globe, and
             | I'd assume there's a lot of FOMO going on.
             | 
             | While it's likely that some of the wsb crowd plays it yolo
             | style and doesn't care (it's for the lulz), I don't think
             | the people who invest because they saw it on mainstream
             | media will see it that way.
        
         | dannyw wrote:
         | You underestimate just how much concentrated retail volume is.
         | I have had more than ten people ask me how to buy GME. Its on
         | the front page of everything. Bitcoin's nearly $1T market cap
         | is more or less all retail.
         | 
         | Plenty of WSB posts with multi million positions.
         | 
         | Disclosure: I long GME.
        
           | elliekelly wrote:
           | > Plenty of WSB posts with multi million positions.
           | 
           | This is interesting. I wonder what percent of outstanding
           | shares of $GME WSB commenters collectively own and whether
           | the SEC could make the case they're operating as a "group"
           | for disclosure purposes.
        
             | pinky1417 wrote:
             | I don't even think the SEC would have to characterize the
             | WSB commenters as a group, merely that "alone or with 1 or
             | more persons" they caused trades that increased GME's price
             | and that their goal was to cause others to buy/sell the
             | stock. The real question is why wouldn't the SEC get
             | involved!
             | 
             | 15 U.S. Code SS 78(i)(a)(2) - Manipulation of security
             | prices
             | 
             |  _[It shall be unlawful...] ...to effect, alone or with 1
             | or more other persons, a series of transactions in any
             | security registered on a national securities exchange, any
             | security not so registered, or in connection with any
             | security-based swap or security-based swap agreement with
             | respect to such security creating actual or apparent active
             | trading in such security, or raising or depressing the
             | price of such security, for the purpose of inducing the
             | purchase or sale of such security by others._
             | 
             | https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/78i
        
             | criddell wrote:
             | What is there to disclose when the group is entirely open
             | for anybody to see?
        
               | andoriyu wrote:
               | It's all complicated and up to interpretation to be
               | honest.
               | 
               | Basically, doing any effort to raise stock price beyond
               | it's "proper" price in a coordinating way is a violation.
               | Proving it is an entire another thing. I doubt this is
               | what happening right now. I would like to see anyone
               | trying to prove that ":rocket::rocket::rocket: GME to
               | 1000" counts as such.
               | 
               | However, liability like that is why AMC is forbidden to
               | mention in r/WSB by its name. It's easy to pump and dump
               | that ticket.
               | 
               | This is why many "Let's take over this company with small
               | market cap" threads were removed back in a day.
        
               | elliekelly wrote:
               | The % of outstanding shares controlled by a group acting
               | in unison.
        
               | teruakohatu wrote:
               | When the SEC requires reddit to disclose Private
               | Messages?
        
               | krustyburger wrote:
               | Not sure if you're serious, but there may be much more to
               | the subreddit than meets the eye and regulators would
               | probably be interested in:
               | 
               | 1. Back channel communications and coordination between
               | users.
               | 
               | 2. User identities, including how many participating
               | Reddit accounts are operated by the same individuals as
               | alt accounts.
        
               | criddell wrote:
               | Oh, right. I never thought about those possibilities.
               | They probably should investigate that stuff.
        
           | vincentmarle wrote:
           | > I have had more than ten people ask me how to buy GME.
           | 
           | Correct, I know at least 5 people who bought GME this week.
           | It's way bigger than WSB now.
        
           | xiphias2 wrote:
           | Also with out if money call options you can have 5x leverage
           | quite easily with limited downside, and that's what retail is
           | doing on masse.
           | 
           | It's more fun than playing lottery for sure.
        
             | dannyw wrote:
             | Also with half of the market being passive, every $1 of
             | active money is matched by $1 of passive money.
        
               | tonfa wrote:
               | What does it mean? The passive ownership usually follows
               | market cap, it doesn't need to buy because the share goes
               | up, it was already owner the correct fraction (ok unless
               | it suddenly enters the sp500 then it might move the price
               | :))
        
           | ping_pong wrote:
           | You don't understand. The original multi million dollar
           | positions with WSB are static now. They're not trading
           | anymore. They can't possibly boost the stock price any
           | further.
           | 
           | The way the stock price goes up is by more volume coming in
           | at the highs. But we are talking 57 M shares traded at noon
           | today with outstanding float of 65M. Those are professional
           | day traders propelling the stock. Buying high and selling
           | higher. It's not WSB.
        
             | jaxwerk wrote:
             | Margin calls are surely coming for large short positions,
             | starting Friday and likely continuing in coming weeks. If
             | the short positions need to cover, there's forced demand.
        
         | lend000 wrote:
         | There is simply a supply shortage of GameStop stock at the
         | moment. There are no massive hedge funds that took huge
         | positions before the price started rocketing up. Maybe some
         | smaller prop shops with sentiment based strats, but this is
         | mostly retail volume, now being reigned in by market makers.
         | Obviously the smart, patient, and principled retail traders
         | will do better than the uninformed and emotional when all is
         | said and done and the price stabilizes near realistic levels.
         | That is just how markets work. They are not perfect, but allow
         | us to asymptotically approach pricing perfection to the degree
         | that available information is perfect, in the long term. Such
         | phenomenons are much less volatile on larger market cap
         | components of the economy where the big funds can aid in price
         | discovery.
        
         | mam2 wrote:
         | Or not.. people have been saying that about tesla for years..
        
           | wpasc wrote:
           | That's a false equivalency if I've ever seen one
        
             | thebean11 wrote:
             | The companies aren't similar, but both are/were heavily
             | shorted "meme" stocks used as examples of an irrational
             | market or bubble. Both short squeezed, and were heavily
             | shorted by many of the same groups.
        
         | tempsy wrote:
         | that isn't what the article is saying. it's arguing that the
         | short squeeze is less about pure profit making, though of
         | course that's part of it, but more about actively trying to
         | hurt hedge funds who are naked short selling and potentially
         | forcing them to liquidate as a sort of populist driven
         | "payback" against the elite.
        
           | ping_pong wrote:
           | It's all about making money. WSB was about hurting the hedge
           | funds or screwing the system. And to be clear, I know wsb
           | because I was one of the first group of subscribers of wsb
           | way way back, but quit it because it wasn't engaged in what I
           | thought was trading strategies, but a lot of shitposting.
           | 
           | But they didn't cause this crazy short squeeze. It's the
           | other hedge funds and day trading shops that are causing this
           | because they see weakness and an easy way to day trade to
           | crazy profits.
        
             | splistud wrote:
             | On this we agree. I dropped in when I felt like
             | reading/engaging in some shitposting. That said, WSB is a
             | good alternate stock screen.
        
             | mdoms wrote:
             | There's no evidence for this. There's plenty of evidence
             | that it's WSB.
        
             | tempsy wrote:
             | nah you're underestimating their power to move names in
             | small cap stocks with high short interest.
        
               | ping_pong wrote:
               | That's absurd. People in WSB probably bought low and
               | haven't sold at all or sold on the way up. Look at the
               | volume. Who is shorting at these prices with this kind of
               | activity?
               | 
               | Who has the money to keep buying at $350 to propel the
               | stock to $400? Definitely not WSB. I know plenty of
               | people dipping their toes in and buying 10 or 20 shares
               | for fun right now. But there's 55M shares trading at all
               | time highs. That's not retail. That's day trading shops
               | and deep pockets.
        
               | tempsy wrote:
               | i guess we'll disagree there. i'm sure the big boys are
               | playing the swings but they didn't start this. and it's
               | not just Gamestop it's a lot of names.
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | The models for any short selling have just imploded. I'd
               | imagine a lot of low-capitalized short sellers just
               | exited a lot of positions and won't take any for a while.
               | 
               | "Holding until it's over" now means having enough capital
               | for 100x any short position you take. That limits how
               | much you can short.
        
               | xiphias2 wrote:
               | The aggressiveness of the short squeeze is unprecedented
               | and can only be executed with aggressive cheap out of
               | money call options. That looks like gamers to me :)
        
               | lukeramsden wrote:
               | > Who has the money to keep buying at $350 to propel the
               | stock to $400
               | 
               | Delta hedging, potentially
               | 
               | > But there's 55M shares trading at all time highs
               | 
               | 55M is the float but there's nowhere near that much
               | actively available. Fidelity and Blackrock together own
               | about 25M I think [0], along with other institutional
               | investors as well as staff in stock incentives. Some of
               | this will be liquidated as the price goes up but not all
               | of it.
               | 
               | [0] https://news.gamestop.com/stock-
               | information/institutional-ow...
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | > But there's 55M shares trading at all time highs.
               | 
               | One thing that's different is commission-free trades.
               | Plenty of folks buying and selling 10 shares at a time a
               | dozen times/day "to profit off volatility".
               | 
               | Doesn't explain everything, but retail can put through
               | more volume than ever before.
               | 
               | Just checked GME spread though, and it's about $1.50 or
               | about 0.5%, so the market makers must be happy with that
               | and the volume.
        
               | klodolph wrote:
               | Are market makers happy? Don't they have to do a bunch of
               | delta hedging, and isn't that harder to do with the stock
               | being so volatile? I expect that risk is reflected in the
               | spread, but then again, I don't really understand
               | markets.
        
         | moolcool wrote:
         | Every thread about WSB has comments like this, pretending that
         | tons of stupid kids haven't made fortunes rolling the dice on
         | meme stocks. You ignore or misunderstand what's going on at
         | your own peril.
        
           | germinalphrase wrote:
           | There are something like 3 million subscribers to WSB. How
           | many people are _really_ making that kind of money on meme
           | stocks?
        
             | moolcool wrote:
             | Where have you been? TSLA was one of the biggest meme
             | stocks and WSB won big.
        
               | germinalphrase wrote:
               | I hear the hype. I see a few big winners, but there are a
               | lot of people piling on that don't know the first thing
               | about why prices go up and down.
        
               | moolcool wrote:
               | So what?
        
               | germinalphrase wrote:
               | If the argument is _everyone's making bank on these meme
               | stonks_ and it turns out to only be a tiny fraction of
               | the user base that are ending in the black, the argument
               | isn't very well founded.
        
               | moolcool wrote:
               | You can make that argument about literally any retail
               | investing. Of course it's a gamble, it's right in the
               | title. Wall Street _Bets_.
        
               | germinalphrase wrote:
               | You are simultaneously deriding those skeptical of WSB
               | while telling off my skepticism by saying "of course
               | they're rubes!"
        
               | moolcool wrote:
               | Some of them are really intelligent investors who know
               | what they're doing, and some others are jumping on the
               | bandwagon and don't really understand what's going on.
        
       | mdoms wrote:
       | Bloomberg seems determined to make people feel bad for the short
       | sellers. No. I will not. They made a gamble and it costs them
       | billions. Good. No one should be gambling with billions on the
       | line, for any reason.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | IIAOPSW wrote:
         | Not it doesn't. You didn't read the article.
        
           | mdoms wrote:
           | Yes it does. Yes I did.
        
       | esoterica wrote:
       | The "retail traders vs Wall Street" narrative is so fucking
       | stupid. Who do you think is earning PFOF for every trade that
       | someone makes through their brokerage? Who do you think is
       | earning the bid/ask spread every time someone buys or sells? Who
       | do you think is collecting the theta from all the calls and puts
       | people are buying?
       | 
       | And last of all, who do you think is going to be left holding the
       | bag when the price eventually collapses after the short squeeze
       | ends?
        
       | hntrader wrote:
       | I'd like to know whether these retail investors see Gamestop as
       | artwork or as speculation/investment.
       | 
       | Artwork - they buy it not because of any intrinsic value or
       | expectation of a dividend/capital gain, but because of reasons
       | pertaining to subjective utility - childhood nostalgia, a desire
       | to get symbolic revenge at hedge funds, entertainment value, or a
       | desire to access gambling services in a country where online
       | gambling is restricted.
       | 
       | Investment - expecting to make a profit through greater fool
       | hypothesis, a short squeeze, or because they believe in the
       | company (e.g positive reflexivity of stock price and exposure
       | leading to more funding and business, respectively).
       | 
       | Arguably it's a combination of both, and I'd say it's a fairly
       | new phenomenon in financial markets (not so much other markets),
       | perhaps TSLA being another good example.
        
         | davedx wrote:
         | For me it was an opportunistic trade. I support wall street
         | bets though!
        
         | TeMPOraL wrote:
         | Observing from the sidelines, I think by this point it's option
         | #3: doing it for teh lulz.
        
           | hntrader wrote:
           | Which would be entertainment value, fitting into number 1
           | above (ie reasons unrelated to profit expectations)
        
             | TeMPOraL wrote:
             | You're right. When I read the point #1, my eyes somehow
             | glazed over the second half of the paragraph. My #3 is
             | fully contained in your #1.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | supercanuck wrote:
         | it started with this..
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWdWCtLMoU0
        
           | JanSt wrote:
           | For those downvoting: that's u/DeepFuckingValue. He got
           | laughed off by WSB for a year and is now making millions
           | every day. Turned 50k to 48 million as of today.
        
       | hehehaha wrote:
       | I am tired of this misguided narrative that pits retail and r/wsb
       | vs big bad wolf Wall Street hedge funds. This is not David and
       | Goliath. There are hedge funds with deep pockets on both sides.
       | Retail traders do not run sophisticated algos to jam the price 15
       | minutes from the open because they want to neuter circuit
       | breakers. C'mon guys...
        
         | whimsicalism wrote:
         | Agreed. It seems like everyone is learning the wrong lesson
         | from this.
        
         | jrochkind1 wrote:
         | I would like to hear more about this. Has anyone found details
         | in this particular case?
        
       | chovybizzass wrote:
       | we're only just beginning. anything under $1000 for $GME is a buy
        
         | tpmx wrote:
         | Gotta feed the furnace so that you come out on top...
         | 
         | https://i.pinimg.com/originals/f3/f9/6c/f3f96c06ddc73aa35cfa...
        
       | arafa wrote:
       | Am I missing something in the Gamestop news that isn't "hedge
       | fund gambles billions on naked shorts and loses"? That seems like
       | a real blunder on their part. In other contexts we would just
       | call this gambling, I think. Shorts have infinite liability, not
       | hedging them is not something I can get behind.
        
         | LiquidSky wrote:
         | Because the Masters of the Universe are obviously better and
         | smarter than the pleb masses. That's why they're rich, right?
         | They're the ones who are supposed to be manipulating the
         | market, not these filthy peasant swine who dare to cost their
         | betters money. Their faithful, obsequious servants in the
         | financial news and investor class are merely crying about how
         | unfair this all is to their masters.
        
           | FriendlyNormie wrote:
           | Type the word "Jews" you sackless faggot.
        
         | thecupisblue wrote:
         | They have a large chunk of cash, they got new investors with
         | Ryan Cohen coming onboard and are moving into an ecommerce
         | direction + they are a familiar and established brand. The
         | "resurrection" story here serves fuel on the brand fire. Real
         | news is that gamestop really has turnaround potential.
        
           | SheinhardtWigCo wrote:
           | Demand for physical media is declining and seems certain to
           | be extinguished by the console manufacturers within the next
           | few years. GameStop has no leverage to slow or change that.
        
         | 99_00 wrote:
         | The problem I have isn't that a hedge fund screwed up. It isn't
         | even with WSB.
         | 
         | The problem I have is that this seems to be another red flag
         | that we are in the late stages of a bull market. The point
         | where, at least according to folk wisdom, the least
         | sophisticated investors enthusiastically enter the market.
        
         | krok wrote:
         | You are missing something - these aren't naked shorts. The fact
         | that more than the whole float is out on loan does not imply
         | that naked shorting is going on.
        
           | cwhiz wrote:
           | How can you get to a point where 140% of the shares are
           | shorted without naked shorts?
        
             | TheCoelacanth wrote:
             | A owns 1 share (the only share in existence for simplicity)
             | and lends it to B.
             | 
             | B short sells to C.
             | 
             | C lends 1 share to D.
             | 
             | D short sells.
             | 
             | 200% of outstanding shares are shorted.
        
           | arafa wrote:
           | Please explain. I thought this was the whole purpose behind
           | hedging, was to avoid the short squeeze. Are people reneging
           | on the purchase agreements or overpromising? How can we know
           | these aren't naked shorts and if so, why are they still
           | facing the short squeeze?
        
             | krok wrote:
             | You can have a short squeeze without naked shorting. Shorts
             | who _aren 't_ naked have borrowed the stock from someone.
             | If that person asks for it back, they have to go out and
             | buy it in order to return it.
             | 
             | At least in theory, if retail investors buy up the stock,
             | some of the institutional investors who own it, and who
             | have lent it out, will sell it to them. This could mean
             | that they recall lent stock. As this happens, shorts might
             | have to compete to buy the stock. Equally, as the price
             | gets higher, shorts might have to cut their losses, which
             | also means buying back the stock. If the people buying it
             | now don't sell it and don't lend it they will withdraw a
             | lot of the supply.
        
               | oh_sigh wrote:
               | Since you're nice and explaining things...what happens if
               | a naked short gets called in but literally no one will
               | sell any stock for any amount of money, so the shorter
               | can't fulfill their obligation?
               | 
               | Obviously not going to happen with GME or anywhere
               | realistically, but I'm just curious how that would be
               | handled.
        
               | arafa wrote:
               | So it seems the issue is that people have borrowing
               | agreements that can be recalled early (seems like it
               | functions like a margin call in a way). Call it half-
               | naked shorting, I guess. Still seems risky. I feel like
               | they could've just bought call options and called it a
               | day instead. Maybe that's too naive or call options are
               | hard to find/pricey for Gamestop?
               | 
               | That still doesn't explain how you know folks aren't
               | naked shorting. Maybe you can read the trades?
        
               | krok wrote:
               | I don't know they aren't, but it's illegal. Large hedge
               | funds are unlikely to be breaking the law, and I haven't
               | seen any evidence that they are which wasn't based on a
               | misunderstanding of the free float numbers.
               | 
               | Stock borrowing is very very commonly done and renewed
               | per-day, in the vast majority of situations this works
               | fine.
        
               | arafa wrote:
               | I appreciate the explanations, thanks. I don't have the
               | trading context. Seems like tail risk or Black Swan
               | events yet again. I hope they made enough money on these
               | shorts that it wasn't "picking up pennies in front of
               | steamrollers". If not, then I wish there would be better
               | rules to prevent the short squeeze, like requiring calls
               | instead of stock borrowing (maybe this is too expensive).
               | When the liability is theoretically infinite, it just
               | seems really risky to count on the hope that you can keep
               | borrowing the stock (which works great the vast majority
               | of the time but every now and then you lose billions).
        
             | beervirus wrote:
             | https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-01-25/the-
             | ga...
             | 
             | See footnote 3. "This does not necessarily mean a lot of
             | people are doing evil illegal nefarious naked shorting!
             | Really, I promise! There is no special limit on shorting at
             | 100% of shares outstanding! Here is an explanation of how
             | options market makers (discussed below) are allowed to
             | short without a locate, but I want to offer an even simpler
             | explanation. There are 100 shares. A owns 90 of them, B
             | owns 10. A lends her 90 shares to C, who shorts them all to
             | D. Now A owns 90 shares, B owns 10 and D owns 90--there are
             | 100 shares outstanding, but190 shares show up on ownership
             | lists. (The accounts balance because C owes 90 shares to A,
             | giving C, in a sense, negative 90 shares.) Short interest
             | is 90 shares out of 100 outstanding. Now D lends her 90
             | shares to E, who shorts them all to F. Now A owns 90, B 10,
             | D 90 and F 90, for a total of 280 shares. Short interest is
             | 180 shares out of 100 outstanding. No problem! No big deal!
             | You can just keep re-borrowing the shares. F can lend them
             | to G! It's fine."
        
               | arafa wrote:
               | Right, seems like a similar problem to banks and
               | leverage. People can short more in aggregate than exists
               | the same way the money multiplier exists for banks. But
               | there are bank runs and it's built on trust, so that's
               | risky too and we make people hold on to a certain amount
               | to cover what they lend.
               | 
               | I guess I'd just prefer they use call options to cover
               | the shorts instead of borrowing. No leverage or
               | multiplier effect there. Gets too high, just execute the
               | call. Am I also missing something there?
        
       | ta1234567890 wrote:
       | This is a great example of how the stock market is not about
       | fundamentals, just like Bitcoin, it's all about popularity and
       | perception.
       | 
       | In the end, people don't care if the "stock is really worth" the
       | price, they only care if themselves or someone else are willing
       | to pay the price, nothing else really matters.
        
         | wesammikhail wrote:
         | You're right in the short term. But in the long term the hope
         | is that things average out and true value emerges as a function
         | of countless transactions over years and years. Markets are a
         | value ascribing heuristic machine. There is nothing about them
         | that can deterministically point to objective value. However,
         | the idea is that over a longer period of time, an approximation
         | of true value emerges though wisdom of the crowd.
        
           | AznHisoka wrote:
           | But what if retail investors start to make up a larger % of
           | investors? Then the dominant philosophy is hype, popularity
           | and trying to sell to a greater fool. This is already
           | happening: retail investors are growing in number.
           | 
           | Originally, when institutions were the major players, stock
           | prices followed fundamentals because most ppl cared about the
           | revenue, earnings and cash flow. But what happens when the
           | demographics change?
        
           | Thrymr wrote:
           | "In the short run, the market is a voting machine but in the
           | long run, it is a weighing machine" attributed to Benjamin
           | Graham
        
           | SomewhatLikely wrote:
           | I would say it's more than a hope. Any trader whose strategy
           | is closer to optimal will have larger profits over time and
           | come to own a larger and larger fraction of the market.
           | Though saying that out loud makes me realize optimal doesn't
           | have to mean buying and selling according to true value.
           | Optimal would in fact be predicting the behavior of other
           | participants and trading off those predictions. I still think
           | certain events ground value though: bankruptcies, mergers,
           | and dividends attach a real cost/gain to holding a stock.
        
             | lordnacho wrote:
             | > I still think certain events ground value though:
             | bankruptcies, mergers, and dividends attach a real
             | cost/gain to holding a stock.
             | 
             | Those things are themselves the product of the market
             | price, it's not a one way street. This is what Soros'
             | reflexivity is about.
        
           | walleeee wrote:
           | > Markets are a value ascribing heuristic machine. There is
           | nothing about them that can deterministically point to
           | objective value. However, the idea is that over a longer
           | period of time, an approximation of true value emerges though
           | wisdom of the crowd.
           | 
           | It's a beautiful idea in principle. Ultimately the reality
           | that emerges will reflect the underlying values of the
           | society.
           | 
           | Really makes you wonder about our values, given that
           | presently emerging realities include an increasingly
           | inhospitable homeworld.
        
       | vmception wrote:
       | Diamond hands
       | 
       | This is a financial term now
        
       | shuntress wrote:
       | One of main points I've seen from people angry about a perceived
       | deliberate manipulation to reduce Gamestop's stock price is that
       | this will directly impact retail workers in the form of job loss.
       | 
       | Could anyone explain how this might happen? My naive assumption
       | is that the relationship between a company and it's stock is
       | (mostly) one-way. If a company cuts jobs, this along with all
       | other signals from that company will be perceived by the market
       | in some way and potentially impact the price of stock in that
       | company. Would the opposite ( _" Our stock price is going down,
       | lets fire people"_) be at all likely to happen?
        
         | dec0dedab0de wrote:
         | I think that can happen if the board decides to sell the
         | company because the stock is low, then it is bought by another
         | company that just wants to extract as much profit as quickly as
         | possible. For example by taking on a bunch of debt to pay
         | themselves bonsues, then declaring bankruptcy and liquidating
         | the remaining assets. I am far from an expert, but I think
         | something similar happened to Toys R Us.
        
         | alfl wrote:
         | Stock prices typically rise after layoffs because the
         | perception is that the company is cutting underperformers that
         | don't have the same marginal contribution as the remaining
         | staff.
         | 
         | Generally, a declining stock price could have implications for
         | debt covenants, compensation packages, and, requires selling
         | more stock to finance the same level of capital expenditure.
        
       | andyxor wrote:
       | I've been lurking on WSB since 2015 while working in New York and
       | Chicago hedge funds. I think that silly sub represents the spirit
       | of original Wall Street with all its open outcry stock gambling,
       | the modern "Wall Street" has become too corporate, exclusive and
       | boring, it could use a little disruption.
       | 
       | "In the late 18th century, there was a buttonwood tree at the
       | foot of Wall Street under which traders and speculators would
       | gather to trade securities. The benefit was being in proximity to
       | each other." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street
       | 
       | WSB is the 21st century version of that buttonwood tree.
        
       | throwaway63d2b wrote:
       | The duplicity of the media here is funny!
       | 
       | Melvin has not closed out of its short position.
        
         | VikingCoder wrote:
         | Is there any way for us to know for sure, other than them
         | announcing their positions, or losses?
        
           | zinclozenge wrote:
           | This is the current short interest as of this morning
           | https://www.reddit.com/gallery/l642ms
        
           | tempsy wrote:
           | the reality is all of their major shorts are being squeezed
           | not just Gamestop, but I agree I think their CNBC interview
           | was just a distraction and doubt they could've closed out
           | their entire short position overnight.
        
             | VikingCoder wrote:
             | Dumb question - could the shorts actually negotiate with
             | Gamestop directly to get them to issue new stocks? Wouldn't
             | that be a win-win (and the retail loses, because a) the
             | stock is diluted, and b) no one would be "forced" to buy
             | from them)
        
               | nceqs3 wrote:
               | Related...
               | 
               | Hedge funds have "asked" companies to PURPOSELY DEFAULT
               | on their debt before.
               | 
               | Great Matt Levine piece on this:
               | https://www.bloombergquint.com/view/blackstone-may-do-
               | its-cl...
        
               | challenger-derp wrote:
               | An associated qn is what price GME would issue new stock
               | at if such a deal took place? higher/ lower/ current
               | stock price?
               | 
               | Suppose lower. Unlikely. Because a better price for GME
               | to raise capital exists -- the current stock price.
               | 
               | Suppose at (approx.) current stock price. Possible. But
               | what's in it for GME to offer such a deal to shorts
               | instead of offering it to stockholders? Suppose offer to
               | stockholders, then shorts still have to cover and thus
               | potential of short squeeze remains (which is beneficial
               | to future capital raises). Now, suppose GME offered it to
               | shorts, squeeze is extinguished, the rally fizzles,
               | stockholders who propped up GME's price feel betrayed. At
               | offer to raise capital at current stock prices seem
               | better placed with stockholders than shorts.
               | 
               | Suppose higher. Now we might be on to something. Without
               | GME's offer, the shorts have to close out huge positions
               | by buying from the secondary mkt -- short squeezing the
               | price up and making future purchases to close remaining
               | short positions increasingly costly. Shorts don't want
               | this. Shorts would rather close by buying shares at a
               | higher, _constant_ price (constant means not subject to
               | squeeze). GME, if desperate for capital, could extend an
               | olive branch to shorts with a deal that says, hey, I'm
               | offering n stocks at a 75% premium to the current price
               | of $400, wanna take it?
        
               | tempsy wrote:
               | who knows but their market cap has become so bloated that
               | any new issuance would probably not be that dilutive. i
               | doubt that is what would trigger a crash.
        
               | dannyw wrote:
               | Sounds like a great way for management to get into a
               | fiduciary duty lawsuit.
        
               | VikingCoder wrote:
               | If no one is selling GME, but someone is willing to buy
               | GME, and GME actually gets to _pocket the cash_ , that
               | sounds like it would be in the long-term interest of GME
               | shareholders to me. But like I've said elsewhere, I'm an
               | idiot.
        
               | jannes wrote:
               | I believe those shares would not be tradable for 6
               | months. But I am no expert.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | Kranar wrote:
           | To know for sure? Not really unless they themselves announce
           | it. Right now the announcement comes from a third party CNBC
           | reporter, so it's not official and there's plenty of room to
           | claim a misunderstanding.
           | 
           | But there are ways to gain some insight based on how hard GME
           | is to borrow and the shorting interest, and that hasn't
           | changed much from yesterday.
           | 
           | If Melvin did manage to get out of their short, they handed
           | that short to another party almost share for share, or they
           | found a way to hedge their position. At any rate, GME remains
           | the most shorted stock on the market, which means another
           | short squeeze is possible.
           | 
           | This Friday when options expire is going to be an absolute
           | circus.
        
         | k3oni wrote:
         | There is a high chance that they started closing their
         | position. Just look at other long positions Melvin had and what
         | those started doing, i'll give you a hint : they started going
         | down due to the possibility of them starting to liquidate other
         | positions to raise more cash for covering their shorts. But
         | this is also speculation, until they release their books on
         | what they own nothing is 100% sure.
        
       | MrStonedOne wrote:
       | > and I don't think the answer to today's many ills is to empower
       | poor people to bankrupt themselves with margin accounts and
       | derivatives.
       | 
       | I love the double speak wrt margin accounts. They want to mix up
       | naked margin accounts where your broker gives you a loan of money
       | to trade with, with the types of margin accounts used by WSB
       | peeps, where the margin is only to cover the 2 day settlement
       | window or the time it takes a deposit to transfer, ie: _covered_
       | margins.
       | 
       | My counter point: I don't think the answer to today's many ills
       | is to parentalise retail investors with a holier than thou
       | attitude that is driving half of the spite from these investors.
       | 
       | The soundbite is that they have to protect the poor whittle
       | retail investor from scam stocks, but the effect is and will
       | always be to lock off higher gain opportunities to institutional
       | investors and away from poorer investors.
       | 
       | Don't buy it.
        
       | xnx wrote:
       | Would the real power move be for everyone to pull their money out
       | of the stock market? I realize that's not an option for those who
       | don't already have money in it. If a few small players can expose
       | the ponzi scheme/grift that is the modern stock market, that
       | sounds pretty good to me.
        
       | nfriedly wrote:
       | I mentioned this on a different thread, but the Money Stuff
       | column has had some pretty good (informative & humorous) coverage
       | of the GameStop and r/wallstreetbets craziness.
       | 
       | Monday:
       | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2021-01-25/money-...
       | 
       | Yesterday:
       | https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-01-26/will-w...
       | 
       | Today:
       | https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-01-27/reddit...
        
       | dang wrote:
       | For pointers to the many other threads on this story, see
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25933543.
        
       | 99_00 wrote:
       | Everything that's happening right now reminds me of the 'day
       | trading' craze in 2000.
        
       | m3kw9 wrote:
       | When people are risking and betting their money like casinos for
       | 2x-10x gains. I'm not sure if any of that are in peoples thoughts
       | when people trade $GME.
       | 
       | The bottom line is always $$. The "Rage" is a good story to sell
       | to buyers
        
       | blueblisters wrote:
       | A more boring conversation about this is how will it actually
       | impact Gamestop? Could the new price levels become a self
       | fulfilling prophecy, with Gamestop being able to raise enough
       | capital to revamp the business?
       | 
       | "Irrational" retail investors have perhaps saved a company before
       | - Tesla - by holding onto the stock even when every hedge fund
       | was saying it's doomed.
        
       | blhack wrote:
       | Okay a serious question: at what point does it make sense for
       | these hedge fund guys to just purchase reddit and shut it down?
       | 
       | To be clear: I don't think that would work, but I think we're at
       | the point where stuff like that is going to be tried. These guys
       | are losing BILLIONS of dollars. Billions. Can they spend $1B to
       | prevent the loss of $2B? (Is reddit worth more than $1B?)
       | 
       | Other stuff I won't be surprised if we see:
       | 
       | * Massive astroturf campaigns (the WSB mods are claiming that
       | this is already happening.
       | 
       | * DDOS attacks on reddit
       | 
       | * Attacks against the mods of WSB
       | 
       | * "Institutional" attacks like SEC involvement
       | 
       | It's just sortof crazy to think what it looks like when there is
       | this much money on the line. Everything goes out the window.
        
         | goatcode wrote:
         | > * Massive astroturf campaigns (the WSB mods are claiming that
         | this is already happening.
         | 
         | That's 75% of the site as it is.
        
         | onion2k wrote:
         | It would be much cheaper just to pay some kids to make nice
         | looking but ultimately loss making bets on there. If WSB looks
         | like a place where people go to lose money then it's popularity
         | will drop.
        
           | andoriyu wrote:
           | uhm, have you ever been to WSB? Loss Porn is a thing.
        
           | fumar wrote:
           | This is how WSB started. It was about sharing ineffective and
           | losing positions.
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | It would probably take $5-$10 billion to purchase Reddit
         | outright today. Its last funding round a couple of years ago
         | valued it at $3 billion, and it has grown a lot since.
        
         | Blackstone4 wrote:
         | Hedge funds and other investors have rules in place to limit
         | what they can invest in which would probably rule out a
         | purchase of Reddit.
         | 
         | Secondly, the Reddit crowd would move else where.
         | 
         | Thirdly, working in investments myself, hedge fund types dont
         | even think like this. It is hard to explain how far off the
         | mark you are...I know financial services can look like a black
         | box....but what is happening is much more boring than you might
         | think. All the drama is happening on Reddit...the SEC is
         | worried about retail investors creating a bubble and losing
         | money....hedge funds and traders just want to make
         | money.....they may take a loss here and move on quickly to the
         | next thing. Doing crazy sheeeeet like you suggested would have
         | them potentially lose all of their investors money or be
         | blacklisted....
        
         | asdfman123 wrote:
         | It's probably not a good idea to buy reddit when you're losing
         | your shirt just in hopes of turning it around in the short
         | term. The momentum is already there for the short.
         | 
         | Instead hedge funds will learn from this example and get
         | smarter about using and manipulating social media. I wouldn't
         | be surprised if they start leading secret PR campaigns to start
         | trends like this on reddit--screw their competitors and make a
         | lot of money.
         | 
         | Why try to swim upstream when it's so much easier to make money
         | swimming with the current?
         | 
         | And why buy social media when you can just manipulate it
         | anonymously?
        
         | bonestamp2 wrote:
         | > I don't think that would work, but I think we're at the point
         | where stuff like that is going to be tried
         | 
         | Agreed it won't work. A lot of the discussion has already moved
         | from Reddit to discord, and then to another discord channel
         | after the first, and it will move again too if it needs to.
         | 
         | I don't have any skin in the game, but it's fascinating to
         | observe.
        
         | rantwasp wrote:
         | the cat is out of the bag. you can suppress maybe one or two of
         | these squeezes but fundamentally this changes what they are
         | going to try in the future (ie they need to rewrite their
         | playbooks)
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | Gotta hit discord and telegram too
         | 
         | Telegram has threads now on announcement channels that are
         | unlinked from discussion channels
        
           | boringg wrote:
           | WallStreetBets hit their threshold on discord - no more
           | invites.
        
           | blhack wrote:
           | Discord and telegram are big, but there's no way they're as
           | big as WSB. I can just go to reddit.com/r/wallstreetbets and
           | watch the show, I don't even know how to begin finding the
           | same thing on discord.
           | 
           | And to put into focus _how many_ people are involved here:
           | the GME discussion threads go to tens of thousands of replies
           | within MINUTES of being posted.
        
             | omni wrote:
             | r/wallstreetbets has an official Discord, I think that's
             | probably what parent is referencing. It's linked in their
             | sidebar with a giant Discord logo, not hard to find
        
         | throw0101a wrote:
         | > _Okay a serious question: at what point does it make sense
         | for these hedge fund guys to just purchase reddit and shut it
         | down?_
         | 
         | It would be irrelevant even if they could. The problem is/was
         | not Reddit/WSB, but rather the positions that the hedge funds
         | put themselves in.
         | 
         | Where are/were the PhDs in risk analysis at these places? How
         | do you get into a position of shorts being >120% of the total
         | float?
         | 
         | Take Willian Gibson's 'Law':
         | 
         | * The future is already here--it's just not evenly distributed.
         | 
         | And take the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH):
         | 
         | * The price of a security reflects all the available
         | information about it.
         | 
         | And when you combine them you have the principle that the
         | information is out there ( _too many short contracts_ ), but it
         | wasn't widely available--yet. Until someone noticed it, and it
         | started to spread, and that caused people to change their
         | positions in GME.
         | 
         | Shutting down Reddit, or any other random forum, isn't going to
         | stop someone from noticing the shorts.
         | 
         | This is no different than what happened in _The Big Short_ :
         | some folks noticed discrepancies (mortgage delinquencies) and
         | acted first, and as that information spread the market
         | "corrected" it's price. It's just that it ended up causing the
         | Great Recession.
         | 
         | The spread of information isn't instantaneous: at the very
         | least it is limited by the speed of light. After that, it's
         | limited by either (a) human attention spans, and/or (b) the
         | machine learning systems that humans programmed in automated
         | systems.
         | 
         | --
         | 
         | Now the price of GME is kind of meta though, in that it doesn't
         | reflect on what's know about GameStop, _but rather_ someone
         | 'related' to GameStop.
        
       | TrackerFF wrote:
       | But let's not kid ourselves here - a lot of WSB users are trading
       | under the pretense that this is some great class war against the
       | "elite".
       | 
       | Here's what's going to happen, in the end (my predictions):
       | 
       | - Some institutional investors will make an absolute killing
       | 
       | - Some retail investors will make a killing
       | 
       | - A bunch will make fast'n easy gains
       | 
       | - A good share of retail investors will stand holding the bag.
       | 
       | Sure, some short sellers / funds will lose their shirts, if they
       | can't come up with the funds - but it's not the end for those
       | managers. They'll continue to get work, and continue to short
       | companies they think are on the way down.
       | 
       | In the end, the "evil" hedge funds will walk out as the winners.
        
         | rantwasp wrote:
         | this is not about who and how wins. this is about a level
         | playing field. the field is not level now and the sheeple are
         | waking up
        
         | spiralx wrote:
         | This just seems like a continuation of the anti-short selling
         | hysteria whipped up by Elon Musk over the last few years. As
         | you say nothing will have changed in a years time.
        
         | asdfman123 wrote:
         | The evil hedge funds will start rolling out the astroturf and
         | making money off of these campaigns.
         | 
         | I wouldn't be surprised if the GME thing is astroturf already.
        
       | neonate wrote:
       | https://archive.is/9UwhT
        
       | andred14 wrote:
       | the financial machine is too busy smashing crypto :(
        
       | jjnoakes wrote:
       | What I don't understand is all of the chatter in various places
       | about how the short positions will be the only ones to lose. Even
       | with more shorts than shares driving up the price, eventually
       | when all shorts are covered, there will still be folks holding
       | the original shares, and the demand will vanish. So not only will
       | the short positions lose a lot of money, but everyone left
       | holding shares will lose a ton of money as well. And if the float
       | is 140% (or whatever) then isn't that like 2/5 of the total
       | shares which is about to crash hard? So if you are holding $GME
       | and get out randomly, you have a 2/5 chance of losing it all (by
       | getting out after the shorts close)?
        
       | soybean wrote:
       | the short squeeze hasn't happened yet. punishing greed is so
       | satisfying.
        
       | jariel wrote:
       | Sadly, those piling on are much more likely to have their shirts
       | lost than the short sellers who will take a loss and move on.
       | When it crashes, it will be the RobinHooders left holding the bag
       | and many of them stand to lose a lot to make a point, possibly
       | much more than they thought.
       | 
       | I'm not happy that Musk is getting in on this, egging on crowds
       | to take risks that might have material risks on their lives. He
       | stands to lose nothing.
       | 
       | Finally - nobody seems to be talking about 'Game Stop'. Their
       | CEO/CFO in reality must be soiling their pants under this kind of
       | stress, nobody wants to be the pinata.
       | 
       | If the kids want to be smart, they can act conscientiously and
       | organize a fund to structure initiatives they deem worthy. But
       | then they have to face the reality that 85% of most of business
       | is fairly 'reality driven'.
       | 
       | Weirdly - the most rational thing for executives to do, at this
       | very moment - is to sell all of their shares to the mob. 'Now you
       | own it'.
        
       | entwife wrote:
       | How did this work? Is there a clear explanation with maximum math
       | and minimum speculation about the emotional state of investors?
        
       | paulpauper wrote:
       | A lot of ppl are expecting this to be dumped hard. i dont think
       | that is going to happen. I think rather it is going to stabilize
       | eventually and not crash, much like Tesla. The market tends to do
       | what consensus does not expect. GME is flush with cash and has
       | the backing of various high profile billionaires. It may make a
       | major acquisition or something like that.
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | There is a massive difference between Tesla and GameStop. The
         | latter is not flush with cash, but rather hundreds of millions
         | of dollars in debt. Their revenue has been declining every
         | quarter. There is no long term business plan, the digital game
         | sales space is already too crowded. It will be a miracle if
         | they can manage to turn around.
        
           | paulpauper wrote:
           | that was 3 months ago . the market is forward looking.
        
             | paxys wrote:
             | The market is sometimes forward looking, and sometimes a
             | bubble.
        
       | boringg wrote:
       | I gotta give Bloomberg credit here - they really nailed the title
       | on the article. Normally I complain about clickbait but this is
       | right on the money. Gotta give credit where it's due.
        
       | cwhiz wrote:
       | I am loving every minute of this. The "professionals" gamble on
       | the market all the time, front run, high frequency trade, and
       | relentless tactics to get rich at the expense of the "retail"
       | investors. Now they are upset that apps like Robinhood has
       | provided unprecedented access to the markets. Their exclusive
       | access to insane gambling nonsense is being torn down in real
       | time.
       | 
       | If Wall St can gamble and cause a global financial crisis, I see
       | no reason why "retail" traders can't fuck around on Robinhood and
       | cause some meme stocks to explode.
       | 
       | I think what is really going on here is that the "professionals"
       | are bothered that the "idiots on WSB" are making a mockery of the
       | market. Make no mistake, the market is already a mockery, what's
       | happening now is that the public is finding out.
        
         | Blackstone4 wrote:
         | I believe you are far off the mark here. Retail investors are
         | well within their rights to drive up a stock to what could be
         | above fair market value....some may well lose money in doing
         | so. The whole narrative around retail vs. hedge funds/wall
         | street is naive to say the least...people in financial services
         | are worried that retail investors may lose a lot of money here
         | which may dent confidence in the market.
         | 
         | The irony here is that you believe the market is a mockery
         | which most of the time it isnt but at times it can be
         | irrational. This is clearly one of those times....as an
         | investment professional.....I look at this and see the
         | irrationality of the price which is not underpinned by cash
         | flow or a fair valuation close to the price...which is called
         | fundamental investing and not trading like what is happening
         | here.
        
           | raesene9 wrote:
           | But what they're trying to achieve here (AFAIK) is a short
           | squeeze. The whole point of this move is that there's massive
           | short interest in GME, and the WSB crew (and anyone else long
           | on it) can take advantage of it until those positions are
           | closed.
           | 
           | After that, if people hang around, sure they'll likely lose
           | money if they bought at the top, but until those big
           | positions close, there's money to be made.
        
             | briankelly wrote:
             | It does assume the short position is naked which might seem
             | like the case but is not a confirmed fact as far as I
             | understand the situation.
        
           | fairity wrote:
           | Agree 100%. I think the smartest bet here is buying put
           | options that expire far out. Currently, the price of the $320
           | GME PUT expiring in Jan 2022 is $240. That's free money...
        
             | beervirus wrote:
             | So you're paying $24,000 to bet that the stock will fall
             | below a breakeven price of $80. Even if we assume that
             | that's likely to happen, your maximum upside (i.e. if the
             | stock goes to zero) is only $8,000.
             | 
             | It is not a trade I would make.
        
             | chrchang523 wrote:
             | I've been keeping an eye on the far-out-dated put options,
             | and I haven't seen anything that's more compelling than
             | simply leaving money parked in an index fund. The
             | expectation that GME will drop back down to Earth over that
             | timeframe remains priced in.
             | 
             | The main takeaway from this incident is that margin-call-
             | constrained short selling is even more dangerous than
             | previously understood.
        
               | fairity wrote:
               | >The expectation that GME will drop back down to Earth
               | over that timeframe remains priced in.
               | 
               | Yea, it does seem largely priced in, but perhaps not
               | completely. If share price is $60 in 1 year, the ROI on
               | that contract would be 9% -- so slightly better than what
               | you'd reasonably expect an index fund to return. A $60
               | share price is higher than GME's all-time high prior this
               | fiasco.
        
               | chrchang523 wrote:
               | The inferior tax treatment of put options relative to
               | index funds also matters. Not tempted.
        
             | ab_testing wrote:
             | THe price of that put is $240 . So GME has to fall to
             | 320-240 = $80. Also the cost of that put is twenty four
             | thousand dollars. Not exactly chump change.
        
           | cannabis_sam wrote:
           | >people in financial services are worried that [this will]
           | dent confidence in the market.
           | 
           | They they don't give a single fuck about retail investors.
           | 
           | (Outside of PR initiatives of course)
        
             | Blackstone4 wrote:
             | Well I work in financial services and I care about people
             | including retail investors which disproves your point.
             | Everything is not black and white. There are of course
             | people in the sector who dont care. There are a mix of
             | views.....
        
               | boringg wrote:
               | Agree - and glad to hear that. I think the statement
               | should have been posted along the lines of a majority of
               | people who are in positions of power in the financial
               | industry barely care about retail.
        
               | cannabis_sam wrote:
               | > majority of people who are in positions of power in the
               | financial industry barely care about retail.
               | 
               | Yeah, I agree. I should have worded it more like that.
        
               | cannabis_sam wrote:
               | You are correct. I should have worded it more like the
               | sibling comment.
        
           | gmadsen wrote:
           | value of a stock is what the market dictates is the value of
           | the stock, not what an analyst wants the price to be. It is
           | laughable to say that Hedges were using purely "fundamentals"
           | for the past 10 years.
           | 
           | Were people in the financial services worried about retail
           | investors when Melvin was shorting GME into the ground at $5
           | a share? Intentional manipulation to quickly bankrupt a
           | company. How about with the 2000s derivatives bubble?
           | 
           | The only thing they are worried about is that they are
           | getting the shitty other side of the game they made for the
           | first time.
        
             | Blackstone4 wrote:
             | Price is what you pay in the market and value is what
             | something is worth...clear difference.
             | 
             | Some people with in a group who hold a view does not mean
             | the entire group holds that view.
             | 
             | In this game, I believe retail investors feel like they are
             | winning now but ultimately many will lose money when the
             | price comes down. In my view the price is not
             | sustainable....
        
               | gmadsen wrote:
               | how much is a $20 USD bill worth to you? Its a penny or
               | less of cotton.
               | 
               | obviously its not sustainable, we are entering a short
               | squeeze. But capping at $4 a share shouldn't have been
               | either, I think $60-$80 is a really reasonable
               | assessment, it will spike, and rightly so, as the too
               | greedy naked short sellers get screwed over and forced to
               | cover their positions
        
         | esoterica wrote:
         | > Now they are upset that apps like Robinhood has provided
         | unprecedented access to the markets. Their exclusive access to
         | insane gambling nonsense is being torn down in real time.
         | 
         | This is such hilariously clueless nonsense, the fact that it's
         | expressed with such smug confidence and upvoted to the top of
         | the thread is really emblematic of HN's complete ignorance of
         | any topic outside of programming.
         | 
         | When retail volume goes up there a plenty of "professionals"
         | (brokerages, market makers) that make a killing off executing
         | the retail flow. I assure you the industry is loving the fact
         | that everyone and their cat is FOMOing into trying to day-trade
         | on Robinhood. If you really want to stick it to Wall Street put
         | all your money into a low-fee index fund.
        
           | raesene9 wrote:
           | Whilst most of Wall street may like this, I'd guess there's
           | at least some parts (the hedge funds with large short
           | positions in GME) who aren't having a good time today.
        
           | briandarvell wrote:
           | Could you elaborate a bit more on why low-fee index funds are
           | sticking it to Wall Street?
        
             | esoterica wrote:
             | If you're not actively trading they're not making any money
             | off you.
        
         | avereveard wrote:
         | > the "professionals" are bothered that the "idiots on WSB" are
         | making a mockery of the market
         | 
         | I think it's deeper. if they get forced by a margin call to
         | purchase stock people that shorted without a lend will quickly
         | come under scrutiny from sec, which will be quite interested to
         | know which broker(s) allowed to reach this ridiculous float
         | volume without securing the shares
         | 
         | they're not just covering their losses, whose whom will remain
         | with uncovered short can get fines and or jail time.
        
         | this_user wrote:
         | > I see no reason why "retail" traders can't fuck around on
         | Robinhood and cause some meme stocks to explode.
         | 
         | It's called 15USC78i "Manipulation of security prices" [1]. It
         | is unlawful to transact just for the purpose of forcing others
         | to transact. Going through a fund's 13F filings, and
         | deliberately driving up the prices of put options they sold
         | should fall squarely into that area. And there are more than
         | enough posts on reddit of people stating that this is exactly
         | what they are doing. At the scale this is happening now, there
         | is no doubt that there are going to be legal repercussions.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/78i
        
           | itronitron wrote:
           | No one is forcing the short sellers to buy GME, they did that
           | all by themselves.
        
           | nceqs3 wrote:
           | Steve Cohen and Gabe Plotkin both traded on inside
           | information at SAC (Gabe was cc'ed on several of the
           | communications). Why are they not in jail? Ohhhh because the
           | justice system only impacts the 99%.
        
             | this_user wrote:
             | That's some nice whataboutism, but that doesn't mean this
             | isn't exactly the kind of market manipulation for which the
             | Securities Act of 1933 was written.
        
           | mdoms wrote:
           | There's a pretty simple defense here. "I saw the posts on
           | reddit and wanted to get in on the upward swing". Efficient
           | markets at work. Unless you can tie real identities to the
           | reddit posts there's not much to be done.
        
             | jeffreyrogers wrote:
             | I don't think what they're doing violates the law[0], but
             | they could easily subpoena Reddit and find out who the
             | users are if they wanted to.
             | 
             | [0]: too complicated to get into here, but basically my
             | interpretation of the law is that you need to be making
             | trades that you intend to cancel or revert immediately in
             | order for it to apply to you, and what these traders are
             | doing is instead speculating on the price going up and
             | hoping to cause the shorts to liquidate their positions,
             | thus further driving the price up. Not spoofing to create
             | fake demand.
        
               | jimbob45 wrote:
               | How would Reddit know who those people are? Protonmail +
               | VPN would hide their identities as far as Reddit is
               | concerned, right?
        
               | shpx wrote:
               | You actually still don't need an email address to create
               | a Reddit account.
               | 
               | Reddit has stayed true to their word of maintaining the
               | old design, and it's free of the dark patterns in the
               | redesign. Go to https://old.reddit.com/register and just
               | leave the email field blank or if you use the pop-up menu
               | (the thing you get when you click login/register in the
               | top right of the old design), you can click skip on the
               | first screen where it just asks you for your email.
        
               | jeffreyrogers wrote:
               | In theory. I'm not sure if Protonmail or the VPN provider
               | would respond to a subpoena, but I wouldn't rule it out.
               | But realistically most of these people are using their
               | home IP address and their gmail account.
        
               | jimbob45 wrote:
               | There are VPNs not bound by US law and the same with
               | email providers (if your email address with Reddit is
               | even legitimate to begin with).
        
               | jeffreyrogers wrote:
               | Yes, but it can't be more than a few percent of people
               | who go through the effort to set that up right? I know
               | it's not hard to do (I've done it), but I think most
               | people on reddit are using either their personal email or
               | a throwaway gmail account they use from their home IP.
        
             | shadowgovt wrote:
             | I would not assume that de-pseudonymizing Reddit accounts
             | is impossible, especially if large amounts of money are on
             | the line.
             | 
             | Reddit complies with FBI requests to hand over account
             | data.
        
           | boringg wrote:
           | I think that only works on co-ordinated activity. Everyone on
           | their is so small and not working in co-ordinated way. There
           | is considerable discussion in the thread about the legality
           | of it.
           | 
           | Also - what do you think short sellers like Citron do all the
           | time. Put out fake reports about companies to make money off
           | their short positions.
           | 
           | The sentiment on the trade is eff those short sellers and
           | their sketchy tactics.
        
             | cellar_door wrote:
             | The mod team is coordinating
        
               | boringg wrote:
               | Have they been?
        
             | this_user wrote:
             | > I think that only works on co-ordinated activity.
             | Everyone on their is so small and not working in co-
             | ordinated way. There is considerable discussion in the
             | thread about the legality of it.
             | 
             | There are entire threads and Discord channels dedicated to
             | coordinating this. It will be extremely difficult to
             | convince a court that there is no coordination or market
             | manipulation, especially when there are people who are
             | spelling that fact out. And reddit have all of their IP
             | addresses.
             | 
             | > Also - what do you think short sellers like Citron do all
             | the time. Put out fake reports about companies to make
             | money off their short positions.
             | 
             | If you can prove that those allegations are indeed fake,
             | then they can be held liable for that. But Citron's
             | influence stems from the fact that they have published a
             | large number of reports that were indeed correct, e.g.
             | Valiant.
             | 
             | > The sentiment on the trade is eff those short sellers and
             | their sketchy tactics.
             | 
             | What sketchy tactics? Expressing their view that a company
             | like Gamestop is not worth very much on account of their
             | outdated business model that relies on physical retail in a
             | sector that has been going fully digital for the last 15
             | years?
        
               | boringg wrote:
               | In Citron's case they cast super sketchy dispersions
               | about companies and hope that they influence investors
               | who don't understand how the companies operate. It's
               | right at the line and the cost of proving them wrong is
               | not worth the effort... plus the SEC has bigger fish to
               | fry when they have a mandate to enforce.
        
           | cwhiz wrote:
           | There are some base requirements for market manipulation that
           | are not met here. Namely, lying. You're allowed to tell your
           | "friends" they should buy a stock.
        
             | Enginerrrd wrote:
             | A lot of people have had the hammer brought down on them
             | for pump and dumps performed by only making true
             | statements.
        
         | balls187 wrote:
         | Yes, but some of them also manage funds that are people from
         | Mainstreet's retirements.
         | 
         | So while, yeah fun to stick it to the wealthy elite, I feel the
         | law of unintended consequences is going to rear it's head much
         | like crash of the housing market in 2007.
        
         | Thaxll wrote:
         | I coudn't agree more! It's really fun to watch from an external
         | perspective.
        
         | psim1 wrote:
         | This kind of market folly also has an effect on long-term
         | investments, e.g. retirement funds. What is there to love? I
         | hate that unshowered basement-dwellers are coordinating to
         | screw around with the market and potentially my retirement
         | money. Get an honest job, guys.
        
           | cwhiz wrote:
           | Ha! Maybe the WSB traders should go get a "real" job at a
           | hedge fund where they can do the same insane gambling, only
           | now it's "professional."
           | 
           | How do you think the recession happened? It wasn't retail
           | investors gambling on the housing market.
        
           | littlestymaar wrote:
           | Retirement funds are a scam: when prices go up, funds manager
           | take their bonus, when it goes down, the funds shareholders
           | (that is, everyone) swallow up the loss. It even a double-
           | edge scam, because now people are supposed to stand up for
           | the finance behemoth because they holds their retirement
           | hostage.
        
             | psim1 wrote:
             | Within the United States, you will have a hard time finding
             | a company with a traditional pension system. Almost all use
             | 401(k) or similar retirement systems. If it is a scam, it
             | is a well-supported scam.
        
               | hannasanarion wrote:
               | Companies switched to 401ks from pensions precisely
               | _because_ it 's a scam. With a traditional pension, the
               | company needs to guarantee the availablity of funds for
               | retirees. With a 401k, each individual employee is
               | required to gamble their life savings on the stock
               | market.
               | 
               | The result is that the company doesn't need to give a
               | damn about long-term stability, they can focus on short-
               | term gains for a carousel of owners that each demands a
               | quick return and cash out. As a bonus, the 401k system
               | forces the government to bow to the whim of the stock
               | market because every citizen is now clinging for dear
               | life onto the same mechanism the owning class use to grow
               | their hoards.
               | 
               | It's a win-win-win for the rich:
               | 
               | * they don't need to pay retirees
               | 
               | * they can squeeze more money out of companies at the
               | expense of customers, workers, future owners, and the
               | environment
               | 
               | * they can get leverage over the entire society by
               | credibly threatening the lives of millions of retirees
               | dependent on their table scraps
        
               | QuesnayJr wrote:
               | Companies don't need to guarantee their persons. They can
               | raid the pension fund, say "sorry!" and go bankrupt.
        
               | piva00 wrote:
               | Pensions funded by current workers towards the pensioners
               | are also very widespread worldwide, doesn't mean they
               | aren't an unsustainable practice.
               | 
               | The same can be the case for 401(k)s and similar systems.
               | And I say that living in Sweden where the majority of my
               | pension will consist of funds that I can manage myself
               | the split, so I should believe in this system for my own
               | sake.
        
           | jaywalk wrote:
           | As if the guys at hedge funds shorting stocks to drive
           | companies out of business have more "honest" jobs.
        
             | boringg wrote:
             | Seriously those guys claim they are holding companies
             | accountable and the market efficient. They are just sleazy
             | stock traders. Grinds my gears people try and defend them
             | through efficient capital markets when you see the garbage
             | reports they put out there to manipulate the market for
             | their positions.
        
               | QuesnayJr wrote:
               | Is the market more efficient now that the price for
               | GameStop went up a factor of 10 over 5 days?
        
           | jameslars wrote:
           | I have an honest job AND a position on GME. Thanks for your
           | concern though.
        
             | cvhashim wrote:
             | Get a load of this guy with an honest job. I'm riding my
             | GME shares to the moon :P
        
           | yowlingcat wrote:
           | > Get an honest job, guys.
           | 
           | The gravedigger always has a job, and it's plenty honest. No
           | need to direct misdirect your ire at the killer towards the
           | gravedigger for the existence of the corpse.
        
           | jeffreyrogers wrote:
           | It shouldn't unless those funds are invested in hedge funds
           | (some are, but usually only a few percent of their total
           | assets). Day-to-day volatility shouldn't affect them that
           | much.
        
         | dheera wrote:
         | I'm also really loving that there are a whole bunch of
         | Redditors donating part of their gains to charity, something
         | that those hedge funds would never do.
         | 
         | In my eyes those hedge funds never did anything good for
         | humanity, and I too am loving every minute of this and how some
         | of the big money is being siphoned into the hands of people
         | that actually need it more.
        
         | hoka-one-one wrote:
         | Have you completely discounted that this thing was calculated?
         | Plenty of professionals probably foresaw the squeeze.
        
           | chromaton wrote:
           | The WSB thing could just be cover for them. There were more
           | shares shorted than were outstanding, so it's a great
           | opportunity for a trader/raider with a pile of cash.
        
         | drzoltar wrote:
         | I'm worried what will happen down the road. Robinhood is likely
         | getting super valuable data on this. Combine that with
         | correlating post activity on Reddit and you have a recipe for
         | obliterating the arbitrage of retail investors. These hedge
         | funds will also buy the data that Robinhood freely sells [1].
         | Sure, squeezes like this will still happen every so often, but
         | on average the hedge funds will win more in the long run.
         | 
         | So, I think Robinhood needs to get some competitors, who charge
         | $1-2 per month, while enforcing data privacy.
         | 
         | This all feels like a classic Black Swan at work, and I guess
         | the main question is if you believe that the long term expected
         | return justifies such risky short sells.
         | 
         | [1]: https://www.jacobinmag.com/2021/01/trading-app-robinhood-
         | inv...
        
           | dheera wrote:
           | Really the only thing the hedge funds could do to "win more"
           | in the long run is to stop shorting stocks en masse.
           | 
           | The more they short sell, the more this can be pulled off
           | again and again.
           | 
           | Which is good IMO, I'd be happy in a market where short
           | selling and negativity in general just isn't a thing. If you
           | aren't optimistic about a company just stay out.
        
             | blueblisters wrote:
             | Short sellers are incentivized to uncover scams and
             | overvalued equities, as a few other folks pointed out.
             | There are firms like Muddy Water doing the hard work of
             | finding companies swindling investors and using publicly
             | available data to make a case against them. Without short
             | selling, they lose the incentive to do that.
        
               | dheera wrote:
               | I'm fine with them not having that incentive.
               | 
               | Scams can be uncovered by CUSTOMERS and plenty of other
               | people than short sellers, and I don't think overvalued
               | equities is actually a problem. Many times overvalued
               | equities leads to faster adoption of EVs and solar and
               | better GPUs and other nice things, which are more
               | important to my personal life than maintaining the
               | sanctity of capitalism.
        
               | AlexandrB wrote:
               | Overvalued equities lead to market crashes that tend to
               | wipe out the retirement funds of unsophisticated
               | investors and bankrupt otherwise viable companies. Has
               | everyone forgotten about the dot com bubble of 2000? If
               | so I think we're headed for a reminder.
        
             | amalter wrote:
             | Hard no! I want scams and shady schemes uncovered. What a
             | disappointment that Herbalife wasn't brought down by the
             | shorts.
             | 
             | I'm struggling to even understand what a market with "no
             | negativity" means. We want to evaluate firms with a
             | critical eye. If they are mis-valued, that serves no one.
        
               | cwhiz wrote:
               | >I'm struggling to even understand what a market with "no
               | negativity" means.
               | 
               | Just imagine basically... every single other market. The
               | price of goods at Walmart is not based on your bet on
               | supply and demand.
               | 
               | If there are more buyers than sellers, the price goes up.
               | If there are more sellers than buyers, the price goes
               | down. If a business wants to raise money by issuing new
               | shares, supply and demand will dictate the price.
               | 
               | The market doesn't need uninvested third parties sitting
               | outside the ring gambling on the supply and demand
               | outcome in order to set a price.
        
               | arthurcolle wrote:
               | > The price of goods at Walmart is not based on your bet
               | on supply and demand.
               | 
               | This is a specious argument. You literally could go out,
               | borrow your friend's crate of 10,000 bananas, sell them
               | on the open market, then wait for the price of bananas to
               | crash, and then buy them back (maybe even the same
               | crate!) and give them back to your friend, plus whatever
               | the banana margin costs. Effectively, if you were to do
               | this at scale, you would directly be influencing the
               | price of goods at Walmart. Mechanically, this isn't how
               | it works, and I don't think there are banana futures and
               | options, but thinking that all derivatives activity is
               | speculation is simply naive.
               | 
               | On the GameStop excitement, all I have to say is...
               | 
               | "Apes, together.. strong."
        
               | kqr wrote:
               | For better or worse, derivatives-based economies are
               | incredibly resource-efficient. By creating a formal
               | system for actually assigning universally-understood
               | value to promises, we can do a lot more with a lot less.
               | 
               | Sometimes bad things happen, but you can be sure we'd
               | have none of the niceties of modern society without a
               | derivatives-based economy.
               | 
               | Immediate cash just has a ceiling for what it's capable
               | of supporting.
        
               | RGamma wrote:
               | Well the general discontent with the financial system
               | stems, I believe, from it being perceived as mostly a
               | walled garden in which professionals have built a
               | complicated and highly self-referential system few
               | control (Blackrock _cough_ ) that makes and keeps them
               | disproportionately wealthy.
               | 
               | To anyone in the working population it must seem like an
               | instrument designed to keep the pressure on and not serve
               | general society or those providing actual tangible things
               | of value to the market, like goods and (non-financial)
               | services.
               | 
               | I actually tend to agree but it's pointless to battle the
               | market's cold logic (which often does make sense to me
               | from what little I know) or existing power structures.
               | 
               | Solutions/counterforces need to come from society and
               | civil institutions. If those are weak, gotta fix that
               | first and the market would depict a more equitable
               | society without prejudice. It's the same old rich vs poor
               | repainted with complicated terminology and systems,
               | really.
               | 
               | Another thing to improve would be transparency and
               | education about what's going on in finance like with
               | personal accounts of people working there for instance,
               | making it less of a stranger and showing some of its
               | internal logic and the things it does well or not so
               | much.
        
               | amalter wrote:
               | I think you're arguing for a market with only direct
               | investments and no secondary derivatives. If that was all
               | the equity market was, we could be in the same zip code.
               | 
               | However, we live in this hyper-securitized world, where
               | every part of the economic fabric has bets for and
               | against, with insurance, leverage and information
               | asymmetry baked in.
               | 
               | The only way to "discover" price is to provide
               | instruments that provide "gravity" for both upward and
               | downward price movements. The lack of supply on it's own
               | is not enough, especially when malicious actors are
               | pushing on the supply and demand levers.
        
               | dheera wrote:
               | > We want to evaluate firms with a critical eye. If they
               | are mis-valued, that serves no one.
               | 
               | Hard disagree here. Sometimes mis-valuing firms serves a
               | LOT of people. There are many firms who could create
               | value if only they had more capital to work with. As an
               | example, it's very possible that a company hard hit by
               | COVID could recover if they got fresh capital and used it
               | to explore new business models that are quarantine-
               | friendly. I'm all for kicking out non-believers from
               | being involved in their equities in any way.
               | 
               | You can't short sell most early stage startups. If you
               | don't believe in them you just don't invest in them. It's
               | that simple.
               | 
               | As for companies who do bad things, like laundering money
               | or misusing funds, we don't need to short their stock, we
               | need to take them to court and get them punished.
               | 
               | You know which firms are _really_ mis-valued? Hedge
               | funds. They sit in armchairs in high rises on Wall Street
               | and do nothing for me.
        
               | greatpatton wrote:
               | Exactly! from who the short are getting their money when
               | they crash a company stock like Wirecard? Not from the
               | company management who did it but from other
               | shareholders, and most of the time "retail" shareholder.
               | 
               | They are running to the ground company that may survive
               | with a fresh injection of capital, and destroying company
               | that suddenly cannot raise more capital or have no more
               | collateral for a loan.
               | 
               | Moreover they are this hedge fund are manipulating
               | information to the level of a troll farm. I was a
               | shareholder of AMD when they where starting to release
               | the Zen architecture. Every other week, they were sending
               | report of "problems" with the new architecture, or even
               | basic feature behaving normally. Hedging is ok, but
               | betting as they do is not. And when they get burned I
               | celebrate!
        
               | kgwgk wrote:
               | > There are many firms who could create value if only
               | they had more capital to work with.
               | 
               | Those don't need to be misvalued to get capital, they
               | just need to be properly valued.
               | 
               | In fact if they cannot get the capital it's because of
               | misvaluation! And other misvalued firms that will destroy
               | value get that capital instead.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | partiallypro wrote:
         | This might have started on social media, but make no mistake
         | that the professionals are the ones that piled on to take
         | advantage of the situation.
        
           | briankelly wrote:
           | Burry (fund manager who Bale played in the Big Short) is the
           | one who put this trade on most people's radar months ago.
        
         | 52-6F-62 wrote:
         | > Make no mistake, the market is already a mockery, what's
         | happening now is that the public is finding out.
         | 
         | Pretty sure that was about a century ago and resulted in the
         | Great Depression.
         | 
         | I don't think the solution to the crock that has been going on
         | is to "do it back". Setting one or two hedge funds back a year
         | or so, or even to close completely, isn't going to do anything
         | resembling justice.
         | 
         | It starts to look more and more like just more pigs rolling
         | around in the mud together, if you ask me (saying nothing of
         | the collateral damage along the way).
        
           | sleepybrett wrote:
           | > Pretty sure that was about a century ago and resulted in
           | the Great Depression.
           | 
           | A fine sight better than 1789
        
         | xorx wrote:
         | Yes, but retail is going to get destroyed in the end.
         | 
         | The power elite _always_ get what they want. Right now there
         | appear to be curbs on GME and AMC buy orders for TD Ameritrade
         | and Schwab customers.
         | 
         | If you have to pull strings with your drinking buddy from
         | Dartmouth to blow up a bunch of propertyless zoomers in order
         | to prevent a margin call on the account you've leveraged to buy
         | your house in the Hamptons, then that's what you're going to
         | do.
        
           | balls187 wrote:
           | > Yes, but retail is going to get destroyed in the end.
           | 
           | Mainly because they're playing with their own money, while
           | the hedgefunds are playing with House's Money.
        
           | beervirus wrote:
           | > Right now there appear to be curbs on GME and AMC buy
           | orders for TD Ameritrade and Schwab customers.
           | 
           | Yes indeed. Ameritrade won't even let me _exercise_ the calls
           | I already own. It 's ridiculous.
        
             | thebean11 wrote:
             | Remember you can file a dispute for things like this.
             | Gather as much evidence as you can that you attempted to
             | exercise. If you win the dispute they have to exercise at
             | whatever the price was during your attempt (IANAL, this is
             | just my understanding).
        
             | loosetypes wrote:
             | Source for Schwab?
        
             | jscheel wrote:
             | Are you trying to do an early exercise, or do you mean that
             | they won't let you sell your calls? If you are trying to
             | exercise, do you have the cash to cover, or are you trying
             | to use margin to do it?
        
               | beervirus wrote:
               | Early exercise, plenty of cash.
        
             | piva00 wrote:
             | This is absolutely fucking ridiculous. Someone is getting
             | fucked by their own leverage, they got caught, isn't that
             | what the market is supposed to do? Kill the overleveraged
             | non-sense to redistribute wealth to more efficient
             | investments?
             | 
             | It isn't a bank run to be blocked for the sake of society,
             | this is just a bunch of rich people paying the price for
             | risking too much... Boils my blood so deeply.
        
               | QuesnayJr wrote:
               | So you think GameStop shares are genuinely worth $375?
               | GameStop traded around $20 a share for the past couple of
               | years. You think that right now the company is worth
               | almost 20 times what it was worth two years ago?
        
               | piva00 wrote:
               | Where have I stated that?
        
               | chromaton wrote:
               | It's worth whatever somebody will pay for it. And right
               | now the short sellers will pay a lot for it to stop their
               | losses.
        
               | kqr wrote:
               | This is part of the game, though.
               | 
               | The hardest part of gambling is not coming up with the
               | big winning bet -- it's getting whatever counterparty to
               | pay you once you've won. It's always been this way, in
               | sports, in horses, and on Wall Street. People come up
               | with all sorts of reasons to not pay you and you have to
               | shape your strategy around this.
               | 
               | Aaron Brown talks about how being a successful gambler is
               | not about a few high-stakes wins, or a super-consistent
               | record. It's about winning the right fraction of bets, so
               | that nobody suspects you're a winner.
        
               | chromaton wrote:
               | Business Adventures has the tale of the Piggly Wiggly
               | short squeeze of 1923. The old boys of the NYSE changed
               | the rules to help the shorts and undo trades after the
               | fact.
        
               | mikepurvis wrote:
               | The Big Short talks about this too-- people trying to
               | figure out how to bet against subprime mortgages in a way
               | that the entity on the other side of it will actually be
               | in a position to pay out (and be able to be compelled to
               | do so).
               | 
               | Perhaps ironically, one of the central characters of that
               | story, Michael Burry, is none too pleased at the current
               | situation: https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/michael-burry-
               | calls-gamestop-ral...
               | 
               | EDIT: The Big Short, of course, not Moneyball.
        
               | seanosaur wrote:
               | Nitpicking, but I think you're referring to The Big Short
               | rather than Moneyball.
        
               | mikepurvis wrote:
               | Right, of course-- thanks. My brain was short-cutting to
               | "the one that got made into a movie."
        
               | exoque wrote:
               | You mean 'The Big Short', Moneyball is about baseball. ;)
        
           | asdfman123 wrote:
           | You can still buy AMC on Robinhood. I just did.
        
           | HNfriend234 wrote:
           | Also they apparently have the "biden economic team" looking
           | into the situation so it does go to show that lobbying
           | dollars allows you to get your concerns addressed rather
           | quickly.
        
           | koheripbal wrote:
           | Very likely is that the SEC is making phone calls to the big
           | trading firms. Firms don't restrict transactions like this
           | much voluntarily.
           | 
           | They are going to call the Reddit CEO and have wsb shut down
           | under the threat of SEC enforcement actions.
           | 
           | Looks like the wsb discord is down.
        
             | jimbob45 wrote:
             | Same stuff goes down on 4chan and several other sites. Not
             | to mention the fact that the SEC has neglected to
             | investigate insider trading for years now.
             | 
             | IMHO why the fuck is shorting legal to begin with. Short
             | insurance should be mandatory for short trading.
        
               | koheripbal wrote:
               | > the fact that the SEC has neglected to investigate
               | insider trading for years now.
               | 
               | Obviously false: https://secsearch.sec.gov/search/docs?ut
               | f8=%E2%9C%93&affilia...
               | 
               | > 4chan and several other sites...
               | 
               | Scale dictates enforcement priorities, obviously. Like a
               | lot of people, they don't deal with issues until they are
               | large and impact the market. They are ABSOLUTELY going to
               | intervene here. First with some immediate action, and
               | later they'll craft a new rule to guide social media on
               | stock advice being not allowed on their platforms (IMO).
               | 
               | > why the f** is shorting legal
               | 
               | Short selling rewards investors who believe that certain
               | stocks are overvalued or that the company is covering up
               | fraud. They helped bring Lehman Brothers down, as well as
               | Enron, Wirecard, etc... In those instances, the shorts
               | were instrumental in reverting stocks down to correct
               | (sometimes zero) prices. Without them, bubbles would rise
               | higher and poop much bigger. That sort of volatility
               | destroys liquidity and confidence in the market.
               | 
               | > Short insurance should be mandatory for short trading.
               | 
               | There are naked short limits already, but yeah, this
               | issue with GameStop should have those rules re-evaluated,
               | because they obviously didn't work in this case.
        
               | tony101 wrote:
               | > "First with some immediate action, and later they'll
               | craft a new rule to guide social media on stock advice
               | being not allowed on their platforms (IMO)."
               | 
               | What about Section 230?
        
               | mrec wrote:
               | > _bubbles would rise higher and poop much bigger_
               | 
               | Please don't fix this, it's perfect.
        
               | jcfrei wrote:
               | > They are ABSOLUTELY going to intervene here.
               | 
               | I wouldn't be so certain about this at all. Matt Levine
               | has a good take on it: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/new
               | sletters/2021-01-26/will-w...
        
               | bilegeek wrote:
               | Well, the IRS doesn't go after rich people because they
               | don't have the funding[1]; they only go after the people
               | they can afford to go after[2].
               | 
               | I know the IRS is different from the SEC, Apples to
               | Oranges. But like you said, they've neglected insider
               | trading; it's probably for very similar reasons, because
               | those being investigated just have too much power to take
               | down. I'm sure the SEC will hammer these easy targets on
               | WSB well before they even dare touch the Big Boys.
               | 
               | [1]https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/03/sunday-review/tax-
               | rich-ir...
               | 
               | [2]https://www.propublica.org/article/earned-income-tax-
               | credit-...
        
               | TuringNYC wrote:
               | Prediction: SEC will go after one or two retail traders
               | who are minorities and blame the entire episode on their
               | probably harmless tweet or post.
        
               | sayhar wrote:
               | I don't know why you're being voted down here. These are
               | legitimate articles in major publications that are
               | broadly accepted by experts in the field. Sad!
        
               | koheripbal wrote:
               | If you look at the SEC website, they list all their
               | current complaints filed against people for Insider
               | Trading.
               | 
               | There are many [1].
               | 
               | [1] https://secsearch.sec.gov/search/docs?utf8=%E2%9C%93&
               | affilia...
        
               | boringg wrote:
               | SEC got neutered when the previous US administration got
               | into power. The administration before that was actively
               | pursuing cases.
        
               | TuringNYC wrote:
               | Could you note any major cases the previous
               | administration pursued that didn't involve some lone
               | scapegoat trader and/or a minority everyone could agree
               | to dislike? Were there any actual cases after the 2008
               | mortgage/cdo/cds crisis, for example?
        
               | koheripbal wrote:
               | False: https://secsearch.sec.gov/search/docs?utf8=%E2%9C%
               | 93&affilia...
        
               | boringg wrote:
               | True: https://wp.nyu.edu/compliance_enforcement/2017/10/0
               | 9/trump-v...
        
               | koheripbal wrote:
               | No - false. They cherry picked a data window...
               | 
               | > January 2016 through the end of the SEC fiscal year on
               | September 30, 2017
               | 
               | If you look at the followup data, you can see both
               | administrations are similar...
               | 
               | https://www.law.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/Fig3-SEEDNov2
               | 020...
               | 
               | ...and then if you actually read my above link, you'd see
               | numerous Insider Trading prosecutions (which was the
               | original false claim made above).
        
               | boringg wrote:
               | You are correct that they cherry picked information.
               | However you are still incorrect on the original assertion
               | that SEC is not in fact neutered. There have been more
               | enforcement actions but insider trading enforcement has
               | been the lowest in decades:
               | 
               | source: https://www.npr.org/2020/08/14/901862355/under-
               | trump-sec-enf...
        
         | koheripbal wrote:
         | Front Running is illegal, and companies get busted and fined
         | for doing that.
         | 
         | High Frequency trading is actually GOOD for retail investors
         | because it reduces spreads and increases liquidity.
        
           | cwhiz wrote:
           | Ha! Not only does front running happen all the time, but high
           | frequency trading is de facto legal front running. Just beat
           | them on a shorter or faster wire.
           | 
           | The whole thing is rigged.
        
             | koheripbal wrote:
             | That isn't Front Running - by definition.
             | 
             | Front Running is when you receive an order from a large
             | client and you yourself trade in the same stock before
             | them, and then sell the stock to them, or allow the spread
             | to narrow and pocket the difference.
             | 
             | High frequency trading is not front running unless it
             | illegally takes data from the client trading desk - which
             | would be both obvious and highly illegal.
        
               | cwhiz wrote:
               | There is a reason high frequency trading is typically
               | referred to as legal front running. Sure, it's not front
               | running by legal definition, but in practice it is
               | absolutely front running. Beating trades to the market
               | and making micro-gains on a mass scale.
        
               | growse wrote:
               | > There is a reason high frequency trading is typically
               | referred to as legal front running. Sure, it's not front
               | running by legal definition, but in practice it is
               | absolutely front running. Beating trades to the market
               | and making micro-gains on a mass scale.
               | 
               | It's only referred that may by people who have no idea
               | what they're talking about.
               | 
               | Front running isn't about "beating" anyone to anything.
               | It's about stealing non-public information about an
               | actor's intent to trade and using it to make trades
               | before that information becomes public, and specifically
               | before that trade executes. It's the theft bit which is
               | the reason it's illegal.
               | 
               | What HFT firms are doing is simply rushing to execute as
               | fast as possible on generally available information.
               | They're not acting on information that's not legally
               | available to everyone else, because that would be illegal
               | misuse of that information. This sort of thing is pretty
               | easy to detect, and the SEC comes down pretty hard on it.
        
           | FriendlyNormie wrote:
           | Found the Jew.
        
           | cbozeman wrote:
           | No it isn't. You know why front running isn't illegal?
           | Because it keeps happening and companies keep getting fined
           | for it.
           | 
           | A "law" that allows you a merely pay a fine isn't a law, its
           | a revenue-generating procedure.
           | 
           | Murder is illegal. You can't pay $500,000 to the authorities
           | and then go on about your business.
           | 
           | For a law to have any weight, you have to be inconvenienced
           | regardless of your financial status.
        
             | koheripbal wrote:
             | > You know why front running isn't illegal? Because it
             | keeps happening and companies keep getting fined for it.
             | 
             | This is not a logical sentence. They are obviously getting
             | fined because it's illegal. The traders involved are also
             | terminated, fyi.
             | 
             | All banks are required to submit automated reports on Front
             | Running detection algorithms daily to the regulators. Every
             | trade is evaluated by the compliance systems.
             | 
             | If you think the fines are not big enough or that the
             | algorithms are missing things, then make that more logical
             | argument.
             | 
             | Stay away from hyperbole because it discredits you.
        
               | _jal wrote:
               | > If you think the fines are not big enough
               | 
               | With crimes like these, it is nearly definitional.
               | 
               | It is trivial to put a price on the value of an action
               | like this; if the fine for the action is less than it
               | grosses, it is just a tax.
        
               | mLuby wrote:
               | > if the fine for the action is less than it grosses, it
               | is just a tax.
               | 
               | And not just the actions regulators catch, but the others
               | too.                   do { new Crimes() } while (
               | fine(Crimes.detected) < profit(Crimes.all) )
        
               | berns wrote:
               | > This is not a logical sentence
               | 
               | It's illegal by definition. But since they can pay a fine
               | for a net gain, you can say that they legally profit from
               | doing something illegal.
        
               | koheripbal wrote:
               | Which is why the fines are always greater than the net
               | gains.
               | 
               | Obviously. Do you think the SEC is full of morons?
        
               | pueblito wrote:
               | I'm sure the SEC is full of extremely intelligent and
               | well educated people. I'm equally sure that most of them
               | are corrupt and are part of the revolving door.
        
               | girvo wrote:
               | That's only true if the SEC catches all instances of it
               | by a particular company, no?
        
       | AdmiralAsshat wrote:
       | > These points doubtless make me appear to be a complacent shill
       | for the financial industry, talking down to the rubes. For the
       | record, I'm still angry about the way workers were ripped off in
       | Britain more than three decades ago, and about the way the little
       | guy ended up bearing the brunt for the financial implosions of
       | 2000 and 2008. But it looks horribly to me as though the same
       | thing is going to happen again -- and I don't think the answer to
       | today's many ills is to empower poor people to bankrupt
       | themselves with margin accounts and derivatives.
       | 
       | Who is this hurting, exactly? The author is making it sound like
       | messing up the short stock is somehow hurting "the little guy" in
       | the long run, and I wouldn't see that happening unless:
       | 
       | a) Gamestop is somehow in a bunch of mutual funds tied to
       | employee pensions/401k's
       | 
       | b) The "little guy" refers to the Reddit traders that are making
       | a killing right now, with the expectation that eventually the
       | stock price will crash again.
       | 
       | As best I can figure, most of the /r/ guys are doing this as a
       | form of trolling and aren't expecting to get rich off it or pour
       | their live-savings into it. And again, as best I can figure, the
       | only people this "hurts" are the ones who were originally
       | shorting the stock. So if this comes down to guys on Reddit
       | pissing in Wall Street's cornflakes, it's hard for me to feel
       | sympathetic for Wall Street.
        
         | chrisseaton wrote:
         | Aren't almost all companies like this an integral part of
         | almost everyone's pensions?
         | 
         | Through your pension you're probably an investor in tens of
         | thousands of companies and funds.
        
           | Nimitz14 wrote:
           | No.
        
           | yellowapple wrote:
           | Right, which means that a single company having a weird day
           | probably won't have much of a noticeable impact on those
           | pensions at all.
        
           | xxpor wrote:
           | Who the hell has a pension any more?
        
           | Apocryphon wrote:
           | You're not wrong, but are there pension funds that include
           | revenue made from shorting stocks? Seems like a reckless
           | practice if there are.
        
             | gnicholas wrote:
             | I am far from the most knowledgeable HNer on this topic,
             | but my understanding is that pension funds are more
             | conservative than most, but that they do get involved in
             | riskier asset classes as well. They probably allocate a
             | portion of their assets to hedge funds or VCs because
             | otherwise they miss out on lots of upside. Of course, there
             | can be downside as well...
        
             | maigret wrote:
             | Shorts are often (usually) a legit way to reduce risk - if
             | the stock falls, you're not losing everything. But that's
             | less entertaining to report about, so you rarely read about
             | this in the non-technical news.
        
               | DennisP wrote:
               | Yes but those aren't naked shorts. You don't get short
               | interest in 140% of the total shares available from
               | people hedging their holdings. That did happen with GME
               | and it's what the r/WSB people picked up on.
        
               | admax88q wrote:
               | And if it doesn't fall you lose money. You can't just
               | reduce risk without also reducing gains.
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | But in the case of something like a pension, reducing
               | risk is often the goal, right?
        
               | admax88q wrote:
               | The goal is to make enough money for pensioners to live
               | off.
               | 
               | If the goal was to reduce risk then pensions would be
               | better off being held in cash. But pension funds dont
               | have enough cash to meet needs so they have to grow.
        
         | stephen_greet wrote:
         | I think the author is arguing here that the solution to
         | combating institutional gambling via trading is not to allow
         | retail investors to also gamble.
         | 
         | Should someone who has no idea what they're doing be able to
         | leverage themselves up 100X to buy a call/sell option by
         | pressing a few buttons in Robinhood because they read about
         | YOLO stock on Wallstreetbets?
         | 
         | As someone who has lost a lot of money by following the Reddit
         | sentiment on an investment, I think the author's point here is
         | fair.
         | 
         | This is not to say I wasn't an idiot. I was. But at a hard time
         | in my life I needed more money so I gambled big and lost big. I
         | worry other people will fall into the same trap.
        
         | TuringNYC wrote:
         | This Reddit Post is very revealing:
         | 
         | https://twitter.com/inactivist_/status/1354537152445521923/p...
        
           | anotherman554 wrote:
           | Being without a relationship has never made me want to go to
           | Vegas and gamble my 401k on blackjack.
        
           | MisterBastahrd wrote:
           | Not really. The people who are moving this money are largely
           | not the people with a few hundred bucks to their names. The
           | entire lot of those types don't even move the needle.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | hnuser847 wrote:
           | That's the lamest take I've seen yet. They identified a short
           | squeeze opportunity and exploited it. No Freudian analysis
           | needed.
        
             | taigeair wrote:
             | if you check out the forums, most of them have wives
        
           | pera wrote:
           | this actually makes me want to buy a couple of gme stocks
        
           | throwaway4good wrote:
           | As if a few hundreds worth of GME stock would matter to a
           | billion dollar hedge fund.
           | 
           | You can also go to 4chan where you can find selfproclaimed
           | nazis who thinks they are fighting the jews on wall street.
           | 
           | It is all very idiotic.
           | 
           | As someone noticed elsewhere here on hn; regardless if it is
           | a pump and dump manipulation or a short squeeze, GME will
           | eventually come down. Maybe not in a week but surely in a
           | year.
        
         | alfl wrote:
         | If there is a reversion to mean it will slaughter the retail
         | investors.
        
           | TuringNYC wrote:
           | It happens all the time, and retail investors dont get bailed
           | out. Here is a lowly perspective from the retail investor: ht
           | tps://twitter.com/inactivist_/status/1354537152445521923/p...
        
             | ISL wrote:
             | The retail investor only wins if they realize their
             | profits. If they don't, those profits are shifted to a
             | third actor (or never removed from their tormentor's
             | pocket).
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | krok wrote:
         | > These points doubtless make me appear to be a complacent
         | shill for the financial industry, talking down to the rubes
         | 
         | For context, in 2008 John Authers was a (very senior) Financial
         | Times reporter on Wall Street. He became aware that there were
         | queues of financial workers outside retail branches of banks in
         | South Manhattan. These people had cash in various US banks,
         | more than the insured deposit limit, and were withdrawing it
         | and/or shifting it between accounts to protect themselves
         | against the bankruptcy of major banks. They has a better idea
         | than the newspaper-reading public of what was about to go down.
         | 
         | John decided that this wasn't worthy of being covered in the
         | FT. He did however queue up himself to move his own money so it
         | was protected.
         | 
         | You can judge for yourself whether that makes him likely to be
         | a complacent shill for the financial industry, talking down to
         | the rubes.
        
           | scarmig wrote:
           | For the interested:
           | 
           | https://www.ft.com/content/1fcb4d60-b1df-11e8-99ca-68cf89602.
           | ..
           | 
           | "Was this the right call? I think so. All our competitors
           | also shunned any photos of Manhattan bank branches. The right
           | to free speech does not give us right to shout fire in a
           | crowded cinema; there was the risk of a fire, and we might
           | have lit the spark by shouting about it."
           | 
           | Enraging. You're allowed to shout fire in a crowded theater
           | if there is, you know, a fire. Tapping all the people in the
           | box seats on the shoulder to give them a heads up about the
           | fire so they can get to the exit before everyone stampedes
           | for it is sociopathic, not social-minded.
           | 
           | I guess it's to his credit that he admitted to this, in the
           | same sense that I'd credit a murderer confessing his crime
           | and bringing the police to the body.
        
             | jerry1979 wrote:
             | unwalled:
             | 
             | https://www.businesstelegraph.co.uk/in-a-crisis-sometimes-
             | yo...
        
             | SimonPStevens wrote:
             | While I mostly agree, it is a touch more subtle than this
             | metaphor.
             | 
             | Shouting fire in a crowded theatre doesn't typically cause
             | the fire to get worse.
             | 
             | A major newspaper breaking news of an impending bank run,
             | does have the likelihood of actually being the thing that
             | triggers the bank run, or maybe making it much worse.
        
               | scarmig wrote:
               | Just because I love torturing an analogy until I can get
               | it to confess all its sins...
               | 
               | It's most like a theater having a squad of firefighters
               | on hand, who most people ignore, as the theater has told
               | them that the usher will let them know if a fire gets out
               | of hand. One day the usher sees all the firefighters
               | freaking out and quietly running for the exit, and his
               | response is to flee for the exit himself and leave
               | everyone remaining to fend for themselves.
               | 
               | I do get the moral complexities here, but the takeaway
               | for us plebs in the audience is to not trust the usher to
               | look out for our lives.
        
             | oh_sigh wrote:
             | It's more like no one actually saw fire, but the back half
             | of the theater snuck out and ran away because there were
             | rumors of a fire. Authers saw this happening and had a
             | chance to tell the people in the front of the theater that
             | the whole back half had thought there was a fire and ran
             | away, but he decided to just slink out the back and leave
             | the front half to get burned.
             | 
             | I'd be ashamed to call myself a journalist if that was how
             | I behaved.
        
         | biolurker1 wrote:
         | Reddit guys do expect to get rich from it and they are pouring
         | their life savings on it. Come by wsb and take a look.
        
         | VectorLock wrote:
         | >As best I can figure, most of the /r/ guys are doing this as a
         | form of trolling and aren't expecting to get rich off it or
         | pour their live-savings into it.
         | 
         | I saw a lot of those "pour their life-savings" into it
         | postings. A lot of "yacht or food stamps" type sentiments being
         | shared.
        
           | city41 wrote:
           | On the flip side, if you watch the comments go by in the
           | megathread, quite a few people are just buying 1 stock (often
           | times just a fraction of a stock).
        
         | admax88q wrote:
         | > The "little guy" refers to the Reddit traders that are making
         | a killing right now, with the expectation that eventually the
         | stock price will crash again.
         | 
         | The reddit traders are only making a killing if they're selling
         | these inflated positions. At some point somebody will be left
         | holding the bag, odds are it will be a bunch of people from
         | wallstreetbets and other retail investors that are late to the
         | party. There's no chance game stop is worth the its current
         | price.
        
           | fredophile wrote:
           | It's a short squeeze. The guys left holding the bag are
           | people that are covering their short positions in the
           | company. The average retail investor is not shorting stocks..
           | There will probably also be some people that try to jump on
           | the trend too late but that isn't who is being hurt right
           | now.
        
             | rtkwe wrote:
             | For the people with the stock now to make real money
             | they'll have to sell eventually either to the people who've
             | shorted or to a normal investor right? Then after the short
             | position closes the stock price will fall at least some
             | because the demand will fall. Unless the only person buying
             | stocks near the end is the shorter and everyone unloads
             | their shares to them someone's buying above the price $GME
             | will fall to.
        
             | Traster wrote:
             | The second that the shorts have covered the price isn't
             | going to drop to $90, it's going to drop back to $20 and
             | most of the WSBers who were holding out for $2000 will lose
             | their shirts. The shorts are going to lose, no doubt. But
             | once they've lost, the stock price is probably $20. A lot
             | of WSBers are going to be holding stock at that point, and
             | possibly on margin. And that stock is going to be a crappy
             | retail stock. At which point it'll be a slow drift as they
             | cut their losses and move onto the next meme stock.
             | 
             | The stock price today is irrelevant if you're not going to
             | sell, and that's what WSB Thto be saying. The price is
             | going to drop much faster than it rose.
        
               | swiley wrote:
               | They won't lose their shirts, just the beer money they
               | spent on a meme. Plenty of them really don't care.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | xmprt wrote:
               | Things may have changed since you last used reddit but
               | now I regularly see people playing with $1000s of dollars
               | joking about buying weekly options and trading on
               | leverage that they don't have and then not understanding
               | the implications of that when things come crashing down.
        
               | ahepp wrote:
               | you may be overestimating the responsibility of the
               | people involved
               | 
               | I remember reading about people mortgaging their house to
               | get into bitcoin, etc.
               | 
               | I don't know how the coming days will play out, but I'm
               | quite confident when this is all over we'll be treated to
               | stories in the NYT about how someone lost their life
               | savings, alongside calls for regulation.
        
               | swiley wrote:
               | I used to hang out in that subreddit before I deleted my
               | account. Most of them are a) lurking b) goofing around
               | with maybe a few hundred dollars (I was in that category)
               | c) people from hedge funds
               | 
               | There was a tiny minority that did stupid things like buy
               | $20k of options on credit cards but there's a minority of
               | stupid people like that everywhere.
        
               | Aloha wrote:
               | I dont feel bad for the guy who loses two grand at the
               | casino, why should I feel bad for them?
        
               | mrkstu wrote:
               | They can cover their initial capital outlay pretty easily
               | by selling a small number of shares on the way up.
        
               | freeone3000 wrote:
               | It's also very hard to exit a falling position. It was
               | hard to exit a _rising_ position this morning -- the
               | stock was on trading hold multiple times. By the time you
               | notice it 's falling, it's too late to sell
        
               | kevinsundar wrote:
               | You can manage risk with stop-loss. Its not really that
               | hard. You can use this to "lock-in" profits without
               | selling.
        
               | nullc wrote:
               | That isn't how a stop-loss actually works. You aren't
               | guaranteed execution above a particular price.
               | 
               | You could lock in gains using puts, but when you go and
               | price out doing so you'll see exactly how much the market
               | values the risk in the position.
        
               | andrewprock wrote:
               | Stop loss is really the wrong term mathematically. In
               | truth, a "stop loss" is really better thought of as a
               | "max price". If you set it up to sell when the prices
               | drops to $320, you are guaranteed that it will sell at a
               | price below $320, not that it will sell at $320.
               | 
               | In truth, you are not even guaranteed to be able to find
               | a buyer.
        
               | restingrobot wrote:
               | You're forgetting the stock is 125% over shorted. There
               | literally isn't enough stock for shorts to cover their
               | current positions. That's why there is potential for
               | infinite, (huge) gains as long as everyone holds.
        
               | alexfoo wrote:
               | According to Ortex it's back under 100% float to loan.
        
               | oars wrote:
               | As someone who's new to this world of stock trading but
               | now understands what a "short" is, could you elaborate on
               | this?
               | 
               | How is it possible for a stock to be 125% over shorted?
               | What does this mean?
        
               | xenocratus wrote:
               | The broker who is actually holding your stock can lend
               | them out and you can indeed end up buying your own stocks
               | more than once. You can explicitly request the broker to
               | not do it and, in this kind of situation where 125% of
               | the stock is shorted and some *need* to buy it... well :)
               | 
               | Have a read from Matt Levine's "Infinite Game" from
               | yesterday:
               | 
               | https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-01-26/wil
               | l-w...
               | 
               | To quote:
               | 
               | > Falcone owned some bonds of a company called MAAX
               | Holdings Inc. "After hearing rumors that a Wall Street
               | financial services firm was shorting the MAAX bonds and
               | also encouraging its customers to do the same, Falcone
               | decided to seek revenge." So he bought all the MAAX
               | bonds. Then he bought more: Short sellers would borrow
               | MAAX bonds (presumably from him), and then sell them to
               | him, so that he ended up with "22 million more bonds than
               | MAAX had ever issued." Then he stopped lending them out,
               | forcing the short sellers to buy bonds to cover their
               | shorts. But there were no bonds to be bought, since he
               | owned them all (and more).
               | 
               | > Falcone stated that the Wall Street firm should just
               | keep bidding for the bonds. Falcone acknowledged that the
               | Wall Street firm would suffer some losses doing so, but
               | told the senior officer and the others that sometimes you
               | are just on the wrong side of a trade.
        
               | akgoel wrote:
               | If you short, you are borrowing a stock from Alice, and
               | selling it to Bob, hoping to buy it back later from Bob
               | at a lower price. But, you can then borrow again from Bob
               | and sell to Charles. Ad infinitum.
        
               | nl wrote:
               | An unrealized gain (ie, "everyone holding") isn't
               | actually money though.
               | 
               | The sensible people will take their (massive) profits,
               | and those who believe the "as long as everyone holds"
               | rhetoric will be left with losses, probably on margin.
        
               | drited wrote:
               | The company could issue new stock (to get a lifeline of
               | cash from inflated price)
               | 
               | I know someone who tried to convince VW management to do
               | that during the Porche/VW squeeze. They didn't but I see
               | no reason why another management team wouldn't act
               | differently.
        
               | silexia wrote:
               | I sold a GME call option with a strike price of $320 and
               | expiration in July today for $200. A pump and dump by
               | novices is easy money if you know how to play it.
               | Everyone knows this is going to crash, the question is
               | when?
        
               | teekert wrote:
               | Why do you call it a pump and dump by novices when it
               | seems to be the opposite that was being done by shorters,
               | they just got caught and now they have to pay, seems like
               | the novices just beat them at their own game. [0]
               | 
               | [0, as posted by colllectorof]
               | https://lbry.tv/@rossmanngroup:a/why-mainstream-media-s-
               | slan...
        
               | solaxun wrote:
               | You got balls, yes the IVOL is insane and that's a nice
               | premium, but if for some reason you have a repeat of
               | today, you're out $20K plus. This thing will crater,
               | yeah, but shorting it is insane and option volatility is
               | ridiculous right now.
        
               | silexia wrote:
               | I agree with you... There is a (small) risk the stock
               | goes to $1,000 or $5,000. My portfolio won't face any
               | margin calls even with those numbers though... And
               | eventually the price will come back down.
               | 
               | I think it was Ben Graham who said the markets can remain
               | irrational longer than you can remain solvent.
        
               | gjm11 wrote:
               | Nope. It's usually ascribed to J M Keynes, buy apparently
               | it was actually one A. Gary Shilling:
               | https://quoteinvestigator.com/2011/08/09/remain-solvent/
        
               | undefined1 wrote:
               | > but if for some reason you have a repeat of today,
               | you're out $20K plus
               | 
               | Can you expand on this? Why would they be on the line for
               | $20k+ (or anything) after selling the option?
        
               | rgossiaux wrote:
               | The option seller needs to buy the stock to deliver the
               | shares when the option expires, so if the price continues
               | rising their losses are unbounded (by contrast, their
               | gains are bounded by how much they originally sold the
               | option for).
        
               | swiley wrote:
               | Man I would have closed that position this morning if I
               | were you. Holy crap.
        
             | superfrank wrote:
             | That's the idea, but there will also be a bunch of retail
             | traders who get caught up in the frenzy and end up losing
             | too much when the bubble pops.
             | 
             | Maybe it's their own fault for being greedy, but they do
             | still exist. It won't only be hedge funds left holding the
             | bag.
             | 
             | Also, there is a worry about multiple hedge funds going
             | bankrupt and causing a cascading effect when they are
             | forced to close out other positions which would hurt
             | average people. I'm not blaming WSB for this, the hedge
             | funds got caught being greedy and deserve everything
             | they're getting, but we do need to try to prevent their
             | failures from affecting the market as a whole.
        
               | GordonS wrote:
               | > Also, there is a worry about multiple hedge funds going
               | bankrupt
               | 
               | Like you, I struggle to feel sorry for them - surely a
               | responsible hedge fund shouldn't be shorting a single
               | stock with sums of money they can't afford to lose? If
               | they really are behaving like that, they must think they
               | _can 't_ lose...
        
             | hbosch wrote:
             | Many of those shorts are exiting their positions, or
             | already have, and taken their losses. They're the ones who
             | can afford their losses.
             | 
             | Perhaps there are some funds still holding out their end of
             | the short war, but by the time this is all over... like
             | over over... it will be retail traders selling inflated
             | positions to other retail traders.
        
               | fumar wrote:
               | Is this data available anywhere?
        
               | minor3 wrote:
               | The short interest is still extremely high and likely a
               | number of firms are already liquidating their positions
               | to pay off GME. The squeeze should be on Friday when
               | every option expires in the money.
        
               | codesnik wrote:
               | well, true, but people are still reporting very high
               | amount of short positions.
        
             | adrr wrote:
             | They paid the price when the stock increased in price being
             | forced to buy shares at higher price to cover.
             | 
             | Stock is going to normalize and go back down. Retail
             | investors bought the stock at $50+, they are posting
             | screenshots to WSB. When people start liquidating their
             | position, you need a buyer on the other end of the
             | transaction. And you'll end up with a collapse in the price
             | as there are way more sellers than buyers. Someone is going
             | to be holding the bag and it's going to be anyone who
             | purchased above $50. It's going to be similar scenario of a
             | failed merger and merger arbitrage guys trying unravel
             | their positions.
        
           | vincentmarle wrote:
           | > At some point somebody will be left holding the bag
           | 
           | The same applies to Bitcoin, though. Someone's holding the
           | bag at $30K as we speak...
           | 
           | Gamestop can (theoretically) go the same way.
        
           | levesque wrote:
           | That's not the point. This is a purely technical play,
           | fundamental valuation methods have been thrown out the window
           | a long time ago. Game stop is maybe worth 5-40$, but these
           | reddit WSBers think the stock will keep rising due to the
           | short squeeze, beyond 1000$ even. Just grab some popcorn and
           | watch the show.
        
           | SomewhatLikely wrote:
           | The daily volume is higher than the total number of shares
           | for the company. Lots of people are locking in their gains.
           | Of course someone else is taking their place at an even
           | higher cost basis.
        
             | minor3 wrote:
             | > Of course someone else is taking their place at an even
             | higher cost basis.
             | 
             | It's probably mostly hedge funds closing their shorts
        
           | xwdv wrote:
           | This would be justice though. If you were in it from the
           | beginning as a true believer you probably got tons of money.
           | If you're just chaser and bandwagoner coming in at the end
           | you will be punished for your greed along with the short
           | sellers.
        
             | jrochkind1 wrote:
             | Why do you think those in it from the beginning are less
             | greedy than those coming in later?
        
           | imtringued wrote:
           | If anyone forgets to sell their shares that just means the
           | short sellers will be left hanging even longer.
        
         | teekert wrote:
         | "Making a killing"... I got my first experience in trading with
         | Crypto currencies, it always surprises me what stock traders
         | call "crazy". Just an observation, I know the downsides of
         | crypto etc, etc, it's just... another world.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | polote wrote:
         | > Reddit traders that are making a killing right now
         | 
         | How can you know that ? Some of them are making a killing, but
         | how can you be sure it is the majority of them ?
         | 
         | It is easy to say that some hedge founds made bad bet, but I
         | strongly think that some other hedge founds were winners. These
         | people are professionals at making money from such events !
        
       | ve55 wrote:
       | I know everyone is having an absurd amount of fun watching this
       | and laughing (so it seems), but I think we should be more aware
       | of the many ways in which this is bad, which definitely includes
       | millions of retail investors losing their money when they buy at
       | the peak, use too much leverage, and so on.
       | 
       | The idea of "Don't invest what you cannot afford to lose" has
       | gone from a mantra to an outright joke that many investors now
       | purposefully ignore, and not _everyone_ can end up on the right
       | side of this at the end of the day.
       | 
       | This is without mentioning what type of institutional
       | consequences we may see as a result, which I think there will be
       | _many_ including regulatory, but it 's too hard to predict
       | exactly what, given the mess that we're in.
       | 
       | Again, the memes and redditors becoming millionaires are funny
       | and I wish everyone the best, but there will be a vastly under-
       | reported dark side to this story as well; life cannot literally
       | just be everyone getting free money from nowhere with no
       | downsides.
        
         | TrackerFF wrote:
         | WSB users are taking out credit cards with both hands,
         | mortgaging their homes, and what not to get in on the run.
         | 
         | Some people are in for some very real and hard lessons - even
         | though others will make a killing.
        
         | yoyohello13 wrote:
         | Yeah as much as I enjoy this whole thing, the new regulations
         | that come out of this will not benefit the average person.
        
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