[HN Gopher] Robinhood, Trading 212 and others go down amid AMC a...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Robinhood, Trading 212 and others go down amid AMC and GameStop
       stock frenzy
        
       Author : allie1
       Score  : 83 points
       Date   : 2021-01-27 15:35 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (uk.finance.yahoo.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (uk.finance.yahoo.com)
        
       | marzell wrote:
       | Vanguard went down for me about 5 minutes ago. Possibly related?
        
         | meowster wrote:
         | Charles Schwab's phone system isn't working for me. Also
         | possibly related?
        
           | thebean11 wrote:
           | Yes I just finally got through, definitely related.
        
       | zaroth wrote:
       | It's fun to actually delve deeper than the headlines on this one.
       | 
       | The main driver of this trade on WSB is a user
       | "deepfuckingvalues". As of September 2019 they were posting GME
       | holdings of 1,000 Jan 21 calls at $8, a position they built up
       | since June 2019. [1]
       | 
       | The user then posted monthly updates ever since.
       | 
       | By May 2020 they had 2,500 call option contracts and had a net
       | loss of $10k. By August 2020 they had lost $60k on $145k. Then it
       | all started turning around.
       | 
       | They were an activist investor that actively rallied the Board to
       | do buybacks and pushed overall interest in a GME turnaround.
       | 
       | As usual, by the time the mass media picks up on something it
       | looks to the outside world like something that just magically
       | happened like a rocketship taking off in just the last week.
       | 
       | In reality this was over a year in the making by a devoted user
       | of WSB who gained a following over many months of persistence in
       | the face of mounting losses. It was in fact the perfect WSB
       | story. Initially every comment is begging them to sell, and then
       | mocking their losses, and then reveling in their pain... and
       | still they held and posted YOLO month after month.
       | 
       | As of their last update on the 26th their account value is $23mm.
       | 
       | [1] - https://www.reddit.com/u/DeepFuckingValue/
        
         | jerry80 wrote:
         | DFV also has a YouTube channel called RoaringKitty [1]. It's
         | pretty entertaining.
         | 
         | [1] - https://www.youtube.com/c/RoaringKitty/videos
        
         | conanbatt wrote:
         | He might be at 50 million profit by now
        
           | onion2k wrote:
           | He hasn't made a penny in profit until he sells.
        
             | zaroth wrote:
             | He had to at least exercise those Jan 15th 2021 calls at
             | $8, but he rolled it all back into a combination of shares
             | and April calls.
        
         | nrmitchi wrote:
         | > They were an activist investor that actively rallied the
         | Board to do buybacks
         | 
         | I think you might be getting DFV and Michael Burry confused
         | here.
        
           | zaroth wrote:
           | You're probably right.
           | 
           | I thought I saw something in the comment history about him
           | mailing the Board and being on the calls, but now I can't
           | find it.
        
         | LeonM wrote:
         | DFV is an interesting one.
         | 
         | As far as I can tell from the comments on Reddit, most people
         | are holding because DFV is holding. So, I expect, that soon as
         | he sells it is likely that the price will collapse.
         | 
         | That said, the volume that DFV holds is not very big (I read
         | around .2%), so it will likely go unnoticed. As long as DFV
         | doesn't post that he's out, the rocket keeps going up.
         | 
         | I don't doubt that DFV's investment is real, but he might
         | already be out without anyone knowing.
         | 
         | edit: typo
        
       | vorpalhex wrote:
       | Robinhood frequently goes down during busy trade windows. It's
       | bad enough that I warn people against using them if they intend
       | to do any kind of active trading.
        
         | seddin wrote:
         | DEGIRO for example does not work AT ALL. It is still showing
         | prices from last day. What an unreliable service.
        
         | allie1 wrote:
         | On reddit /wallstreetbets people report other trading platforms
         | down as well, not sure if true
        
           | ianhawes wrote:
           | I maintain accounts on Robinhood, TD, and Interactive
           | Brokers.
           | 
           | Typically, Robinhood is always down at market open (even on
           | low volume days).
           | 
           | On high volume days, IB has been down several times.
           | 
           | However, the thinkorswim platform on TD is great and I've yet
           | to encounter downtime.
        
             | DenverCode wrote:
             | Vanguard, Robinhood, Charles Schwab, and TD Ameritrade are
             | all having outages.
             | 
             | Regarding TD,
             | https://twitter.com/TDAmeritrade/status/1354447688205443076
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | Fidelity Active Trader Pro has been flaky all day,
               | intermittently freezing when streaming data is
               | temporarily lost.
        
           | 52-6F-62 wrote:
           | WealthSimple is still functioning fine here in Canada.
           | They're probably just overloading their servers.
        
           | rlyshw wrote:
           | can't even access my vanguard account. Hearing reports from
           | friends/family across the board that they can't access their
           | financial accounts. Fidelity, Schwab, more.
        
         | amansidhant wrote:
         | What platform would you recommend for shares and options?
        
           | lordnacho wrote:
           | Interactive Brokers seem cheap and have APIs and apps for
           | everything.
        
         | snug wrote:
         | I've never had a problem
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | Fjolsvith wrote:
       | Hedge funds loosing their shirts to nerds and soccer moms.
        
         | asdfasgasdgasdg wrote:
         | Plenty of "nerds and soccer moms" are going to lose their
         | shirts in this too. Whoever is buying this stock today is
         | likely to have a bad time (unless they can keep the pyramid
         | going for a little longer and hand the bag to someone else).
        
           | Miner49er wrote:
           | I doubt this is the end. It still has a lot of room to run,
           | probably. The shorts haven't covered, they've doubled down.
        
             | asdfasgasdgasdg wrote:
             | Why wouldn't they double down? Fundamentally, Gamestop
             | isn't a thirty billion dollar company. The odds that retail
             | investors stay greedy long enough to force the current
             | shorts to cover are not very high, IMO. Some of these
             | redditors are going to want to cash in their gains, and
             | when that happens I guess it's going to collapse very
             | quickly.
             | 
             | I don't buy individual stocks and even I'm tempted to get
             | in on the short side right now. Seems like an easy way to
             | turn $1k into $10k. Take my wife out for a nice dinner or
             | something.
        
               | thebean11 wrote:
               | The stock is going up because of shorts. If the cycle of
               | old shorts covering and new shorts taking positions
               | continues, combined with the positive feedback loop of
               | retail FOMO, the stock will continue to go up.
               | 
               | > I don't buy individual stocks and even I'm tempted to
               | get in on the short side right now. Seems like an easy
               | way to turn $1k into $10k.
               | 
               | Sure, if you call the top, otherwise you'll turn $1k into
               | -$20k pretty quickly
        
               | andrethegiant wrote:
               | This doesn't have to do with GameStop as a company --
               | they are merely the rope in a tug of war between retail
               | investors and wall st. Buying shares seems like the easy
               | way to turn 1k into 10k given how many success stories
               | have happened over the last few days.
        
               | stu2b50 wrote:
               | If you short gme you're about to be in very heavy debt to
               | your broker. At least buy a put or something instead.
               | 
               | I don't think anyone is actually long on gamestop at $350
               | per share, but trying to short is not about company
               | expectations at this point, it's about timing this
               | hysteria wave, and if you mistime it you get destroyed by
               | infinite risk and your broker liquidate your position and
               | you leave with not 10k, but -100k.
        
               | hervature wrote:
               | The max gains on shorting stock is 100% and that's
               | ignoring fees you have to pay which are extremely high
               | for GME right now.
               | 
               | Unless you plan to use 10x leverage or trade options,
               | which I doubt if you don't trade individual stocks, you
               | can't 10x by shorting. On the flip side, if you shorted
               | at $20, you would have lost your entire portfolio if you
               | shorted with 5% of your capital.
               | 
               | Shorting here is trying to catch a falling knife, don't
               | do it.
        
               | asdfasgasdgasdg wrote:
               | I definitely won't. Thank you for the correction r.e.
               | short selling upside. If I had realized it was max 100%
               | upside, it wouldn't have been tempting. There's not an
               | amount I'm willing to risk on this trade that would make
               | a mere doubling of my money worth the effort.
        
               | Majromax wrote:
               | > Why wouldn't they double down?
               | 
               | Because short sellers accept potentially unlimited
               | liability in the event of a price increase. Remember the
               | old maxim: the markets can remain irrational longer than
               | you can remain solvent.
               | 
               | The operating theory of the WallStreetBet hivemind is
               | that the short sellers (collectively) are in so deep that
               | further price increases will force them to close out
               | their positions by buying back stock at a loss. Short
               | sales are ultimately made on margin (because they're a
               | debt of a share), and margin accounts will be called in
               | at some ratio.
               | 
               | That "short squeeze" would cause the price to spiral ever
               | further, and that price increase would then force any
               | remaining short sellers out of the market.
               | 
               | See https://moxreports.com/vw-infinity-squeeze/ for a
               | well-known, circa 2008 short squeeze that happened to
               | Volkswagen.
               | 
               | The issue with the operating theory is that it's fuzzy;
               | there's no way to know what price point will trigger such
               | a short squeeze.
               | 
               | > I don't buy individual stocks and even I'm tempted to
               | get in on the short side right now. Seems like an easy
               | way to turn $1k into $10k.
               | 
               | Only if you are highly leveraged yourself, exposing you
               | to those dramatic losses if you mis-time the market even
               | slightly. If you do want to take the down-side of
               | Gamestop, it'd be safer to buy a put option to limit your
               | potential loss. However, the high implied volatility also
               | makes the trade a bit expensive right now.
               | 
               | (Edit to add: I have no financial interest in Gamestop,
               | up or down.)
        
               | nkozyra wrote:
               | > Seems like an easy way to turn $1k into $10k.
               | 
               | Who wants to tell him?
        
               | Miner49er wrote:
               | Fundamentals don't matter right now. If you don't time it
               | just right, and it keeps going up, you'll get margin
               | called and be forced to cover for a huge loss.
        
               | asdfasgasdgasdg wrote:
               | Yeah I'm not actually going to do it. Also, as someone
               | pointed out, max gain is 100% (I was confused), so
               | there's really not enough upside to bother with, at least
               | for the amount of money I'm willing to plonk down on it.
        
               | deeeeplearning wrote:
               | >Why wouldn't they double down?
               | 
               | Because everyone with an internet connection and half a
               | brain knows that the shorts are totally screwed if the
               | WSB turds keep buying.
        
           | tzfld wrote:
           | As I see, many of them are aware of this and doing mainly for
           | fun/revenge/etc and ready to lose the 'investment'. Basically
           | a special kind of bubble scheme to deliberately pushing an
           | actor to the top of it to maximalize it's loss. Not sure if
           | there was anything like this in the past. Interesting story.
        
             | anewaccount2021 wrote:
             | Shorts have been getting slaughtered in covering rallies
             | since the first short was allowed.
             | 
             | I can't believe these "professional" funds would keep short
             | positions open on an equity with crazy-high short
             | interest...that's like Trading-For-Dummies grade fail.
             | 
             | What's more amazing is many of their clients will be
             | destroyed in the largest bubble in history, where money was
             | given out to every idiot with a TD Ameritrade account.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | manomanowicz wrote:
           | The 'losers' are the one's who are buying high and selling
           | low. Ironically in this case, it's the short sellers who
           | can't cover their positions who are being forced to buy at
           | the top, having already sold low.
        
           | anewaccount2021 wrote:
           | Exactly! /r/wallstreetbets are also trading against each
           | other, without mercy! Not sure why people think that sub is
           | some sort of group trading account...
           | 
           | But, chances are, a lot of them will make incredible gains by
           | betting on the misery of hedge funds who themselves bet on
           | misery. No tears shed for the hedge funds or the account
           | holders who are now basically zero'd out. Imagine having your
           | life savings in one of these funds...in the biggest bubble in
           | history, your account went to ZERO!
        
           | davewritescode wrote:
           | I made 5 figures yesterday after I had bought in around $40.
           | My initial investment was pretty low and when it hit high
           | $140s I took my money and ran.
           | 
           | At these boosted stock prices all it's going to take to sink
           | anybody is an after hours announcement of additional shares
           | being offered.
           | 
           | I couldn't made a lot more money but I try not to be greedy.
        
           | berrynice wrote:
           | Alot of people aren't trying to make money, they just want to
           | kill a few hedgefunds regardless how much money they lose,
           | they know they'll never retire and they're already broke,
           | many of these people have nothing to lose
        
           | germinalphrase wrote:
           | It's a fascinating little story. Cant help but think that
           | there is someone in the industry making the real money here
           | and all the "soccer moms and nerds" are just cover/dopes.
        
             | robjan wrote:
             | HFT firms are making a killing on the volatility and order
             | flow
        
             | lordnacho wrote:
             | As an ex hedge fund / HFT options guy, I would be intrigued
             | to know who is lending their stock out to be shorted. You'd
             | think they have some incentive to stop lending them out,
             | especially if the options are pushing the gamma so short
             | that the sellers need to cover. If the options guys are
             | needing to buy but nobody can sell, that would seem to be
             | quite good for someone who is holding the stock.
             | 
             | I'm not so sure about the soccer moms thing. The FT has a
             | chart of how many small players there are, and although
             | it's shot up it doesn't look huge to me. Seems to me the
             | WSB crowd IS making money, but there's probably more
             | institutions jumping on for a piece of meat too.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | wp381640 wrote:
               | Chatter in the last 12 hours on discord and on the
               | threads has been a lot about having holders call brokers
               | to ask that their stocks not be lent out
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | mannykannot wrote:
               | Matt Levine said this a couple of days ago:
               | 
               | "Bloomberg tells me that short interest is 71.2 million
               | shares, while GameStop has only 69.7 million shares
               | outstanding." (As he explained in a footnote, this does
               | not necessarily imply massive naked shorting.)
               | 
               | I don't know how things have changed since then. Maybe
               | this morning would have been a good time for GameStop to
               | issue more shares?
        
             | geogra4 wrote:
             | That's my sense too. There's gotta be some big muscle
             | behind this.
        
             | 52-6F-62 wrote:
             | Because that's usually how it goes. It appears that every
             | bit of skepticism has been thrown out the window. I think a
             | lot of people are about to get burned who expected riches.
             | And all because of empty promises by anonymous message
             | board users. It's disconcerting.
        
               | berrynice wrote:
               | Alot of people don't care about riches, they just care
               | about winning, they want revenge even if it'll cost them.
        
               | asdfasgasdgasdg wrote:
               | Maybe I'm just a bad person but I don't feel much for
               | people who get scammed due to their own greed.
        
               | 52-6F-62 wrote:
               | I'm a little more ambivalent, myself. But I think I just
               | don't like seeing it at all.
               | 
               | If the entirety of the human were, functionally, a
               | complex organism then the result of this sudden and
               | energy-expensive outgrowth will likely be a sudden and
               | intense immune response that will have effects beyond
               | those directly involved.
        
               | eloff wrote:
               | Some valuable stock market lessons available at $300 a
               | piece right now.
               | 
               | Probably not going to end well, but they'll learn
               | something from it.
        
               | nrmitchi wrote:
               | > but they'll learn something from it.
               | 
               | Unfortunately, I disagree. I think there will be stories
               | written for the next bit about the handful that make
               | bank, very few stories written about the people who lose
               | their shirts and end up with their financial life in
               | ruins.
               | 
               | When nonsense like this happens again, no one will
               | remember the downside.
        
               | eloff wrote:
               | Everyone who loses their shirts will learn a lesson
               | they'll never forget. Pain is the best teacher.
               | 
               | The smart people learn from other people's pain.
        
             | addicted wrote:
             | There was a story yesterday (I'm not sure of its validity)
             | that Citadel has paid for advance knowledge for Robin Hood
             | stock transactions, so they are almost certainly making
             | money on this.
             | 
             | And unsurprisingly they've fronted money to at least 1 of
             | the hedge funds on the wrong side of these trades. They're
             | probably making bank. A couple of particular hedge funds
             | will lose money.
             | 
             | But what happens to the people who are carrying GME when
             | this frenzy ends and no one is willing to buy GME at a
             | $24Bn market cap valuation.
             | 
             | They end up being the ones who paid for everyone else to
             | "lose their shirts".
        
               | mason55 wrote:
               | > _There was a story yesterday (I 'm not sure of its
               | validity) that Citadel has paid for advance knowledge for
               | Robin Hood stock transactions_
               | 
               | That's a complete distortion of what's actually
               | happening. If this were actually happening and people
               | knew about it there would be absolute outrage.
               | 
               | The truth is that Citadel is one of a few firms that pay
               | Robinhood for the option to take the other side of
               | trades. It's pretty innocuous but people get upset about
               | it and turn it into "Citadel get advance knowledge of
               | Robinhood trades".
               | 
               | Citadel is in the business of making markets. Instead of
               | taking a position on a stock, they just happily take the
               | other side of most trades. They make their money by
               | offering slightly below the "true" market price and in
               | exchange they provide liquidity to the market so that you
               | can sell your stock pretty much whenever you want. The
               | idea is that most trades are pretty random and for each
               | trade on one side you have a trade on the other side that
               | balances it out and Citadel keeps the difference between
               | the "true" price and what they pay/sell at.
               | 
               | The problem is that sometimes lots of stock will be sold
               | for a good reason (imagine someone finds out that there's
               | an accounting fraud at some company). In this case,
               | Citadel loses money because the trades don't balance out
               | and the stock just goes down.
               | 
               | From Citadel's perspective, traders on Robinhood are much
               | more likely to be random people with no extra info
               | (retail investors) and so they're willing to pay
               | Robinhood to route the orders to them because it reduces
               | the risk of adverse selection. In exchange, Citadel _has_
               | to give a price that 's at least equal to the best price
               | in the market or else they're not allowed to fulfill the
               | order.
        
               | deeeeplearning wrote:
               | >That's a complete distortion of what's actually
               | happening. If this were actually happening and people
               | knew about it there would be absolute outrage.
               | 
               | The SEC disagrees
               | 
               | https://www.cbsnews.com/news/robinhood-sec-
               | fine-65-million/
               | 
               | "Federal officials said that between 2015 and 2018 the
               | company only partially explained on its online FAQ page
               | how it makes money, omitting details about its largest
               | revenue source -- trades. Robinhood takes a user's stock
               | order and sells it to a larger trading firm that executes
               | the trade, a process known as "payment for order flow,"
               | the SEC order states."
        
               | MrMan wrote:
               | Robin hood is free because their flow goes to third
               | parties like citadel instead of smart order routers at
               | sell side firms. But that is an edge of a less than a
               | second. It is generally good to be able to ascribe an
               | identity to order flow, but retail tends to behave in a
               | predictable way at medium time scales
        
               | Red_Leaves_Flyy wrote:
               | (Some?) Of the people carrying gme are saying that
               | because >100% of the float on gme is shorted with ~6 days
               | to cover; gme only needs to stay high until the shorters
               | are forced to cover their short by buying at whatever
               | prices they can.
        
           | allie1 wrote:
           | "bulls last until the last person willing to buy a share at
           | quoted price, buys it"
           | 
           | This too will go down, violently.
        
           | saalweachter wrote:
           | The interesting thing to me is that -- in so much as this is
           | being done for profit making and not more abstract reasons --
           | if 90% of the jumpers-on lose their money, it won't
           | necessarily dissuade that many people from the community in
           | the future. There will be a _lot_ of people making a lot or a
           | little money, and sharing their stories, and the ones who
           | lose this round will be able to tell themselves that _next
           | time_ , if they are faster and get out at the right time,
           | _they too_ can be one of the winners...
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | I know this is a popular sentiment (ie. the little guys
         | prevailing over the big guys in wall st), but this is likely
         | not the case.
         | 
         | >In general, a crafty short seller (a.k.a. most long/short
         | funds) will do the following to ensure the internet doesn't
         | outsmart them:
         | 
         | > 1. Capping loss with put options -- With a put option, you
         | roughly get all the benefit of shorting a stock (minus the
         | premium paid and strike) with a finite amount to lose.
         | 
         | > 2. Capping loss with OTM call options -- This is my favorite,
         | and one of the more common strategies. When you assemble a
         | short position, you aren't stupid hopefully -- you understand
         | stocks only go up, and infinity is a much farther number from
         | current price than 0 (using a discrete numeraire, of course).
         | 
         | https://nope-its-lily.medium.com/gamestop-power-to-the-marke...
        
           | anewaccount2021 wrote:
           | Read the news - what you are describing didn't happen.
           | 
           | Look at Melvin - they are trying to convince the market they
           | are still solvent.
           | 
           | Citron closed their shorts at a huge loss.
           | 
           | This really is a case of "seasoned professionals" getting
           | slaughtered on awful trades, and they didn't appear to have a
           | safety net set up.
           | 
           | edit: people seem to think I am cheerleading WSB...far from
           | it, someone there will also get slaughtered by being the last
           | fool to walk in on a risky trade. Trading is merciless,
           | caveat emptor!
           | 
           | edit2: the article above does NOT refute my claims. Melvin
           | took a $2 billion emergency infusion from Citadel. You don't
           | do that if you safely closed your trades without hazard.
           | Sorry I'm going to trust Bloomberg over "nope-its-lily"
        
             | darepublic wrote:
             | Egging on reddit certainly doesn't help. I agree with the
             | notion of shorting game stop but don't make a big fuss
             | about it.
        
             | TameAntelope wrote:
             | WSB certainly has the narrative locked up, but that doesn't
             | actually mean anything when it comes to who is walking away
             | with fatter wallets.
             | 
             | There is zero percent chance that this is actually playing
             | out the way WSB is claiming it's playing out.
        
               | allie1 wrote:
               | >There is zero percent chance that this is actually
               | playing out the way WSB is claiming it's playing out.
               | 
               | What makes you say that? Any idea of what is happening?
        
               | TameAntelope wrote:
               | Basically, because they're not wrong on the facts, and
               | they're far from the first to realize that.
               | 
               | There's a decent not-meme-based story around GameStop's
               | turnaround, and a number of actual investment firms saw
               | it weeks before they did. Investment firms are betting
               | against each other, as per usual.
               | 
               | Also, now that GameStop has all this extra value, they
               | can _actually_ improve, so the not-meme-based story
               | becomes even more compelling.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | >Look at Melvin - they are trying to convince the market
             | they are still solvent.
             | 
             | From the article in my previous comment:
             | 
             | >Even assuming the worst case scenario here (let's assuming
             | somehow the put value was $10 and they held until now and
             | the put is worthless, the max loss is $54 million for a
             | hedge fund with $20 billion AUM, for a max risk of about
             | 0.27%), Melvin Capital is sleeping fine. Because they
             | bought puts, and didn't short shares directly, their max
             | loss is capped (the premium they paid).
        
               | deeeeplearning wrote:
               | Daddy Cohen just loaned them 3 Billion so they could stay
               | solvent. Might want to check your math.
               | 
               | https://www.ft.com/content/8be64f49-7c90-4fae-8370-c5c5c9
               | 6d8...
               | 
               | TLDR Melvin Capital is already down 3.75 Billion 3 weeks
               | into 2021...
        
               | mmastrac wrote:
               | Kinda feels like Billions got this whole industry right.
        
               | anewaccount2021 wrote:
               | ftfy!
               | 
               | https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/27/hedge-fund-targeted-by-
               | reddi...
               | 
               | "Melvin Capital closed out its short position in GameStop
               | on Tuesday afternoon after taking a huge loss, the hedge
               | fund's manager told CNBC's Andrew Ross Sorkin."
        
               | nceqs3 wrote:
               | You don't know if they shorted shares. Shorts are not
               | disclosed on 13f's. Often times funds buy puts and short
               | at the same time.
               | 
               | It sounds like they did short shares of gamestop. When
               | the first article came out it said their puts had already
               | expired. Gabe Plotkin called into CNBC this morning and
               | said their "short had been covered" meaning that they did
               | short shares.
        
       | bityard wrote:
       | I couldn't view the story because it requires you to click-
       | through a legal agreement in order to bring up the content.
        
         | exabrial wrote:
         | Currently queuing, but should be available in 10m or so:
         | https://archive.is/wip/avECz
        
       | nfriedly wrote:
       | Money Stuff had some good coverage of the GameStop /
       | r/wallstreetbets shenanigans over the past couple of days:
       | 
       | Monday:
       | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2021-01-25/money-...
       | 
       | Yesterday:
       | https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-01-26/will-w...
       | 
       | Update: here's today's issue:
       | https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-01-27/reddit...
        
       | motohagiography wrote:
       | Totally random outage I'm sure. From what I am interpreting, the
       | people who have most to lose on this are the banks and brokerages
       | who needed to buy the GameStop stock to cover their positions
       | after selling the options to all these retail traders.
       | 
       | There are regulatory "circuit breaker" conditions but I wonder if
       | this was a more informal one. The internet hive mind wasn't in
       | their risk models and I would wonder if there was risk of this
       | event causing a cascading blow-up effect.
        
         | robjan wrote:
         | The outages are caused by the execution brokers not being able
         | to execute orders fast enough resulting in the order queue
         | getting longer and longer. Also other capacity issues caused by
         | everyone logging in simultaneously.
        
           | motohagiography wrote:
           | That surprises me, as horizontal scaling to demand is a
           | solved problem. One provider, sure, but cascading failures
           | through many, that's a systemic critical infrastructure
           | vulnerability that is going to bring down the regulatory
           | hammer.
        
             | bpicolo wrote:
             | I'm under the impression that order books tend to be hard
             | to scale horizontally, because they have tremendous
             | atomicity requirement.
             | 
             | Can anybody chime in whether these systems, today, tend to
             | be on distributed infra versus e.g. mainframes or other big
             | vertical compute pieces?
        
               | LittlePeter wrote:
               | The matching of orders for a single asset happens on one
               | machine, call it matching engine. Matching is done based
               | on price-time priority. Price is set by the trader, the
               | time is set to the time the order was received by one of
               | the order gateways sitting in front of the matching
               | engine.
               | 
               | The order gateways' clocks are in sync, up to precision
               | epsilon. So if you send two orders serially from same
               | data center (to ignore effects of public Internet
               | latencies and routing), and if they happen to be
               | processed by different gateways, you still will see same
               | ordering of your orders in matching engine, bar some
               | cosmic ray events.
               | 
               | It is all commodity hardware running some flavor of
               | Linux.
               | 
               | However this was couple years ago, they may be using
               | ASICs and FPGAs now. The matching of orders for a single
               | asset must still be done in single process otherwise you
               | cannot guarantee price-time priority.
        
               | motohagiography wrote:
               | Following up, there was a random theory on WSB that since
               | hedge funds were short over %130 of Gamestop's stock,
               | there is a real risk that this will cause a liquidity
               | crunch where there is literally no available stock to
               | cover their positions.
               | 
               | As in there does not exist the stock to cover those
               | positions, which means institutions are going to be in a
               | race to avoid bankruptcy and have to outbid each other to
               | acquire the remaining stock held by all these retail
               | investors who know what they have. This is why WSB
               | posters are saying $5000 is a conceivable price.
               | 
               | This is what would cause regulatory intervention, and
               | certainly sets up the means/motive/opportunity for
               | interrupting trading. Like the Fed steps in and buys it
               | out or something. This looks like an LTCM level event.
        
               | hangonhn wrote:
               | I don't know the specific answer to your question but I
               | do have a data point to add. When I was just starting out
               | in my career in the early 2000s, I worked for a hedge
               | fund. One curious thing I noticed is that all the traders
               | had time stamping machines on their desks that are
               | inspected and sealed regularly. I was told that during an
               | outage, these timestamp machines allow trades to continue
               | to happen because the trader can write down the order and
               | stamp it and their counter party would presumably do the
               | same. Later the orders can then be reconciled when things
               | are back up and running. This leads me to think that it
               | is at the very least possible for transactions to be
               | recorded in a distributed manner.
               | 
               | Example of machine:
               | http://www.carpenterstimesystems.com/Amano-TS3000i-OATS-
               | Time...
               | 
               | This might all be historical now.
        
         | chippy wrote:
         | There are also screenshots from some apps (I don't use them,
         | dont know which ones) with messages saying that only AMC and
         | GME stocks are being limited to protect risk, as well as total
         | outages. I've seen one screenshot saying that users can only
         | sell and not buy.
        
       | ISL wrote:
       | Somebody, somewhere, is going to get paid a lot of money when
       | they figure out how to stabilize this inefficiency.
       | 
       | If there is a way to insure traditional shorts and the option-
       | sellers against the losses they incur in this sort of situation,
       | those actors are now going to be willing to pay at least a small
       | amount to ensure smooth operation of the markets.
       | 
       | The transients right now (especially their emergent origins!) are
       | interesting in the abstract, but generally antithetical to the
       | efficient flow of capital.
        
         | alephnan wrote:
         | It's not inefficiency. Recklessness isn't the word, neither. It
         | was greed and arrogance.
         | 
         | (1) They borrowed more shares than in circulation
         | 
         | (2) They double downed on their losing position and lost a $3
         | billion bailout within a day.
         | 
         | Their bet was, really, that financial institutions can stay
         | solvent longer than retail can be "irrational". It was a game
         | of chicken, but The emperor has no clothes.
        
         | ummonk wrote:
         | Well let's say a company is trading at 1 dollar per share with
         | a billion shares outstanding. And some short-sellers are
         | shorting it believing it is worth almost nothing. Now a bunch
         | of traders buy up shares, sending it to $20, at which point the
         | company dilutes by 10% by selling 100 million shares. All of a
         | sudden the company has 2 billion in cash, and even with a
         | complete collapse, it will still be worth more than the price
         | at which the short-sellers shorted.
        
           | vincentmarle wrote:
           | Yes, but it's not easy: you have timing risk, litigation
           | risk, and SEC enforcement risk.
        
           | ISL wrote:
           | Such an outcome is clearly possible. It is unclear whether or
           | not it is efficient.
           | 
           | This situation has shorts identify a probably-failing company
           | and set the stage for traders to (possibly) detonate a
           | GameStop/Hertz cash-bomb. It yields a transfer of cash from
           | "greater-fools" to a probably-failing company.
           | 
           | As a value-investor, it seems to me that occasionally raining
           | cash upon failing companies seems like a strategy with a
           | below-average probability of long-term success. Extracting
           | that cash from unsophisticated investors seems to risk moral
           | hazard -- the school of hard knocks is expensive and
           | bruising.
           | 
           | Someone, somewhere, should be able to profit from blunting
           | these explosions. Why aren't options prices increasing to
           | make this effect unlikely? Surely there are options-traders
           | who are incurring losses as they expand their hedges.
        
             | ummonk wrote:
             | So one could argue that short interest is actually
             | inefficient since it soaks up capital that would have gone
             | into equity raises by a struggling company. I.e. that in a
             | traditional market short sellers function as a sort of
             | reverse pump and dump, preventing an otherwise viable
             | business from raising short term capital and forcing it
             | into bankruptcy and shuttering.
             | 
             | Arguably, by injecting large amounts of cash into a handful
             | of such companies, WSBers are not only saving those
             | companies, but helping save others by puttinf predatory
             | shorters out of business.
        
               | ISL wrote:
               | Understood and agreed, at least in part. In the best
               | case, short-sellers are the jackals/vultures that cull
               | the weak and free up capital for new ventures. To the
               | extent that shorts engage in reverse pump-and-dump, that
               | is likely, too, to be inefficient.
               | 
               | It is my expectation that in the long term, both
               | nefarious shorts and WSBers will lose to those working to
               | create real value. It is simply unfortunate and perhaps
               | unnecessary that the war between the chaos monkeys
               | involves collateral damage. Such an environment adds
               | reasons for successful companies to stay privately-
               | traded, which is probably a net-negative for humanity.
        
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       | paulpauper wrote:
       | There is no rational reason to ever short this. The funds that
       | are shorting this deserve to be liquidated for being so foolish.
       | At best you can only double your money with thirsting , unless
       | you keep adding to your short. Losses however are unlimited. Too
       | many people think that they can make a fortune shorting, like in
       | 2008. But the reason why a movie was made about those guys is
       | because success at shorting is so rare and difficult that when
       | someone does it successfully , it is big deal. No one makes
       | movies about people who buy and hold stocks.
        
       | paulpauper wrote:
       | It is hard to fathom how much money ppl are making with options
       | on this. I have never seen anything like this. It is like
       | everyone is becoming multi millionaires on walsltreetbets. Like
       | the fakebook IPO or What's App acquisition, when a bunch of
       | people suddenly became millionaires. It is probably keep going
       | up. This is the stuff dreams are made of, the stuff of legends.
       | People think it cannot happen but then it does.
        
         | xedeon wrote:
         | Roughly $22M
         | https://www.reddit.com/r/wallstreetbets/comments/l5nphz/gme_...
        
       | xangel wrote:
       | What about smaller brokers with less users?
       | 
       | Robinhood is the biggest broker in the USA, Trading 212 is the
       | biggest broker in Europe and the UK.
        
       | andjd wrote:
       | This seems like a classic pump-and-dump scheme to me. The twist
       | is that instead of claiming that the target company is going to
       | start doing way better, they're claiming that the upside comes
       | from hedge funds over-shorting the stock.
       | 
       | The people who are going to make a lot off this are the people
       | who sell before the stock crashes. If those people were also
       | suggesting others buy the stock on reddit, they may be criminally
       | liable for securities fraud.
        
         | mckirk wrote:
         | There's a critical difference though: The amount of stock sold
         | short is externally verifiable -- and it's still more than the
         | available stock.
        
           | firstfewshells wrote:
           | Where is this information available?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | cdiamand wrote:
       | I track /r/wallstreetbets chatter as a sideproject.
       | 
       | https://topstonks.com/stocks/gme
       | 
       | The chatter levels are through the roof today. Even more than
       | when the market dropped in April due to the coronavirus.
        
         | chippy wrote:
         | There are around 800,000 people reading that subreddit right
         | now. It seems like around 60 posts being submitted every
         | second. Could you record these figures too?
        
           | roybattylives wrote:
           | The mods have a dashboard
           | 
           | newest link: https://wsb.gold/public/dashboard/e65fcfcb-70a4-
           | 4d86-b7fb-88...
           | 
           | old link: http://104.131.48.154:3000/public/dashboard/e65fcfc
           | b-70a4-4d...
           | 
           | (not available right now .. no surprise)
        
             | marzell wrote:
             | I had never previously considered how website performance
             | of individual subreddits might differ. I'm not a web dev,
             | so it's probably not like an interesting engineering
             | matter, but it is kinda interesting to witness this first-
             | hand as a user. At least the rest of the site seems to be
             | working ok.
        
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