[HN Gopher] Oldest Libraries in the World
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       Oldest Libraries in the World
        
       Author : peter_d_sherman
       Score  : 73 points
       Date   : 2021-01-25 07:52 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.oldest.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.oldest.org)
        
       | peter_d_sherman wrote:
       | >"The library at Saint Catherine's Monastery located at the foot
       | of the legendary Mount Sinai,
       | 
       |  _is the oldest continually operating library in the world_. "
       | 
       | [...]
       | 
       | "Due to its age and importance in the Christian world, the
       | monastery's library has the second largest collection of
       | 
       |  _ancient manuscripts and codices_ ,
       | 
       | just after Vatican City.
       | 
       | The library houses several unique and important texts, including
       | the Syriac Sinaiticus and, until 1859, the Codex Sinaiticus, the
       | oldest known complete Bible dating back to around 345 CE. A few
       | years ago, the UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles)
       | Library began reproducing digital copies of about 1,100 unique
       | Syriac and Arabic manuscripts from Saint Catherine's Monastery."
        
       | Aldipower wrote:
       | Maybe libc?
        
         | fb03 wrote:
         | I know it's not productive but this was the kind of comment I
         | was expecting to read, thank you.
         | 
         | I would like to know the oldest code libraries to be reused in
         | 'large scale' tho.
        
           | jcranmer wrote:
           | I don't know what you want to consider 'large scale', but
           | I've definitely come across some Fortran code with dates in
           | the comments from the 60s or 70s. Although the only I can
           | find right now dates to 1983 (see https://github.com/nwh/luso
           | l/blob/master/src/lusol_util.f#L3...).
        
         | michaericalribo wrote:
         | DNA?
        
       | stolenmerch wrote:
       | > The library (of Alexandria) flourished until the Roman conquest
       | of Egypt in 30 BCE and it was burned down and thousands of
       | scrolls were lost.
       | 
       | This is just one of those legends that won't die. There was,
       | indeed, an accidental fire in 48 BCE, but it didn't destroy
       | everything in one cataclysmic event. The Library was in
       | continuous operation and declined slowly over centuries. It's
       | likely many of the scrolls were dispersed by scholars to other
       | libraries.
        
       | SeanLuke wrote:
       | These were not libraries in the modern sense so much as private
       | archives, owned and controlled by religious orders or royalty and
       | only available to a select few.
       | 
       | The oldest _public_ library in the world, as far as I know, is
       | the Biblioteca Malatestiana, established in 1447 and owned
       | collectively by the town of Cesena, Italy.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malatestiana_Library
       | 
       | In this image you can see the books still chained to their desks
       | to prevent theft.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malatestiana_Library#/media/Fi...
       | 
       | EDIT: It's worth mentioning that this is _still_ Cesena 's public
       | library. Here's the library's website:
       | http://www.comune.cesena.fc.it/malatestiana. Check out the kid's
       | section ("Ragazzi").
        
         | lqet wrote:
         | > These were not libraries in the modern sense so much as
         | private archives, owned and controlled by religious orders or
         | royalty and only available to a select few.
         | 
         | Isn't this exactly the modern definition of a library?
         | 
         | > A library is a curated collection of sources of information
         | and similar resources, _selected by experts_ and made
         | _accessible to a defined community_ for reference or borrowing,
         | often in a quiet environment conducive to study. [0]
         | 
         | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library
        
         | chrisseaton wrote:
         | > These were not libraries in the modern sense so much as
         | private archives
         | 
         | Not sure why you think 'library' implies public? It just means
         | a collection of books. Many libraries today are private, owned
         | by institutions, religious orders, private families,
         | universities, etc. I'd guess the majority are private?
        
         | sandworm101 wrote:
         | Not all modern libraries are public. Many academic and law
         | libraries are not public. So too there are internal libraries
         | maintained by state organizations, mostly military, which are
         | not public access. But there are all still "libraries".
        
           | SeanLuke wrote:
           | Of course. I'm just saying that while cultures have been
           | cobbling together collections of stuff since time immemorial
           | -- doubtless there were archives much older than these -- the
           | really _interesting_ innovation didn 't occur until the
           | Renaissance. Yet this article doesn't even mention it.
        
             | michaericalribo wrote:
             | That is _one_ interesting innovation, but not the _only_
             | interesting innovation: centralized repos of knowledge,
             | scribes used to copy and thus distribute handwritten books,
             | a dedicated focus to literacy(even by just a few privileged
             | individuals)...those are all fascinating.
        
             | chrisseaton wrote:
             | > Yet this article doesn't even mention it.
             | 
             | Yes because it's specifically about the older ones, and as
             | you say your innovation is from... newer ones.
        
           | monadic3 wrote:
           | Sure, private libraries are a thing. I don't understand why
           | this is what you think of, though, do you not have a library
           | in your city?
        
       | riazrizvi wrote:
       | If the Al-Qarawiyyin library was not able to resist Islamic
       | influence, as I suspect based on extensive precedent, then the
       | oldest libraries in the West are Christian or Muslim. Which I
       | suspect had a large bearing on preserved history. I wonder how
       | much interesting stuff was destroyed because it didn't conform to
       | the party line.
        
         | bobthechef wrote:
         | Like what? And why would you suspect that? Christian apologists
         | and scholars were active in debating pagans and drew from pagan
         | philosophy, science, etc. And part of the job of an apologist
         | is to respond to things which do not conform to what you
         | cynically call the "party line". So you should expect various
         | records that reflect that. There's ideas would resurface sooner
         | or later.
        
         | f154hfds wrote:
         | There are good examples of the opposite too - such as Boethius,
         | one of the critical links saving classical philosophy from
         | oblivion on the outset of the dark ages:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boethius#De_topicis_differenti...
        
           | bobthechef wrote:
           | Indeed, the Church is responsible for preserving many ancient
           | pagan records that would otherwise have been lost with the
           | fall of Rome. Islamic scholars also played a role in this
           | (e.g., the surviving Aristotelian corpus).
        
       | partiallypro wrote:
       | I was hoping this would be a list of the oldest -active-
       | libraries, does anyone have a list of those? This is the best I
       | could find: https://alltimelists.com/10-oldest-libraries-world/
        
       | a11r wrote:
       | Since the list includes libraries not in opration any more, I was
       | expecting to find the Nalanda Library there.
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nalanda#Library
        
       | quenix wrote:
       | I can't be the only one who immediately thought of libraries in
       | the context of software development.
        
         | sildur wrote:
         | I was expecting jQuery.
        
           | peter_d_sherman wrote:
           | Some libraries are older than jQuery! <g>
        
       | nickt wrote:
       | We visited the Libraries in Chinguetti, Mauritania and met the
       | custodian in this BBC Reel video [1]
       | 
       | It's an amazing place. The libraries date from the late 8th
       | century CE, and as you can see, the scientific works were ahead
       | of their time, for the average European at least!
       | 
       | [1] https://www.bbc.com/reel/video/p085dgnl/inside-the-
       | abandoned...
       | 
       | edit: typo
        
       | dstola wrote:
       | > After the fall of Constantinople in 1204 CE
       | 
       | Fall of Constantinople was in the mid 15th century [1] (1453 to
       | be exact), not 1204. Its unfortunate when overall informative
       | articles make basic mistakes which could be easily
       | verified/researched
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople
        
         | aardvark179 wrote:
         | Constantinople was successfully besieged by the fourth crusade
         | in 1204, and the subsequent sacking of the city did apparently
         | result in the destruction of the library. Looking at the
         | Wikipedia page for the library it looks like the phrase was
         | directly copied from there. I guess the problem is
         | Constantinople has fallen many times, but only Fallen once.
        
         | teh_klev wrote:
         | It was also sacked in 1204, which what the site refers to:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Constantinople
        
           | dstola wrote:
           | Interesting, thank you. I had no idea. Especially since it
           | was done by the Christian crusaders themselves.
           | 
           | I guess the article makes no distinction between a Sacking
           | and a Fall.
        
             | teh_klev wrote:
             | Sack, Fall, Conquer, they pretty much amount to the same
             | thing. Maybe the article should have used the term "Sack",
             | but then if you google around it's also known as the "Fall"
             | or the "Siege".
        
               | dstola wrote:
               | A sack in this case would be different because in the end
               | it was still controlled by Christiandom, as opposed to
               | the Fall when it switched to being controlled by the
               | Ottomans. I think these small details do matter in this
               | case, but maybe its just me.
        
               | chr15p wrote:
               | Before the 1204 sacking it was controlled by Greek
               | speaking Eastern Orthodox christianity and afterwards it
               | was rued by western catholic christians with a Latin mass
               | and a pretty fundamentally different culture. Its known
               | as the Latin Empire and lasted about 70 years before one
               | of the surviving remnant parts of the Byzantine empire
               | managed to recapture the city. So while it was not The
               | Fall Of Constantinople it was certainly A fall of
               | Constantinople.
        
               | teh_klev wrote:
               | Having checked various dictionaries, I'm certain it
               | doesn't matter who, religion, ethnicity or race-wise, is
               | on the dispensing or receiving end of a sacking, fall or
               | conquer, they're pretty much the same. That said, sacking
               | seems to be a specific case that involves looting and
               | running off with the good stuff, i.e. plundering, which
               | is one of my favourite words.
        
         | Aperocky wrote:
         | Found the Venetian shill.
         | 
         | #remember 4th Crusade
        
         | flohofwoe wrote:
         | The 1204 "Sack of Constantinople" by Western crusaders can be
         | seen as the "fall before the Fall" though.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Constantinople#Afterma...
        
       | egorfine wrote:
       | Before I opened the link I was fully expecting to see jQuery on
       | the list.
        
         | suprfsat wrote:
         | Previous discussion:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17141024
        
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       (page generated 2021-01-26 23:01 UTC)