[HN Gopher] Internet disrupted in Russia amid opposition protests
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       Internet disrupted in Russia amid opposition protests
        
       Author : giuliomagnifico
       Score  : 139 points
       Date   : 2021-01-23 19:22 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (netblocks.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (netblocks.org)
        
       | jcpenny1 wrote:
       | Please be very careful of pasting Netblocks links here. They have
       | no documented methodology and put users at risk by scanning for
       | websites without any consent.
       | 
       | https://netblocked.org/
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/Berryhillj/status/1300776162868826114
        
       | tpmx wrote:
       | So,
       | 
       | Navalny produced this 1h52m Russian-language video that was
       | published on Youtube 4-5 days ago, just after he returned to
       | Russia and was arrested:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ipAnwilMncI (it has English
       | subtitles)
       | 
       |  _Putin 's palace. History of world's largest bribe_
       | 
       | It's _very_ well produced. I saw all of it and it helped me
       | understand a lot of the history of how the current gang of eh..
       | er, about how Putin got to where he is today. I really recommend
       | watching it.
       | 
       | After these 4-5 days, it has 74M views. The view count is at the
       | moment _still_ growing at ~0.7M views _per hour_ - I just had to
       | edit that view count. 70% of those views are from russian IPs, as
       | per the Navalny people. Makes sense to me.
       | 
       | Russia has a population of 144M people.
       | 
       | I think it's only a matter of time until Putin/Russia bans
       | Youtube.
        
         | hntrader wrote:
         | Off topic and I hope this doesn't come across as insensitive,
         | but I'd love to see some kind of AI dubbing applied to YouTube
         | vids (similar to AI subs) so I can watch videos that aren't in
         | my native language while doing other tasks or while drifting
         | off to sleep. Would also help blind people w/ accessibility.
        
           | [deleted]
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | sergeykish wrote:
           | I would have searched "read subtitles aloud". Youtube
           | specific "read subtitles aloud youtube" gives
           | 
           | https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/subtitles-
           | player-t... (I have not checked yet)
        
           | tpmx wrote:
           | > Off topic and I hope this doesn't come across as
           | insensitive,
           | 
           | Especially since your brand new account plugged some
           | particular startup 30 minutes ago using your account.
           | 
           | Look, I get it, you feel you have to "hustle". In this case
           | using your brand new throwaway HN account. I do feel pretty
           | strongly that _this thread_ is not the thread for that
           | though.
        
             | hntrader wrote:
             | This is a false accusation made in incredibly bad faith. I
             | don't know whether you're suffering paranoid ideation or
             | what's going on, but someone sharing links to a tech
             | they're discussing (which I edited out after your
             | accusation in order to keep the peace) is hardly evidence
             | that I'm a founder of said company engaged in underhanded
             | promotion. The mods can check my IP address and see I'm in
             | a different country to the founders if they really wish
             | (not that that would put your mind to rest, you'll probably
             | just think I'm using a VPN).
        
         | petre wrote:
         | Even if all Internet based video is banned, movies will still
         | circulate on USB flash drives. It happened before with
         | _Roadside Picnic_ and other books that the regime wouldn 't
         | print because of foul language or subversive ideas. Do not
         | underestimate the creativity of citizens from the former
         | Eastern block.
        
           | tpmx wrote:
           | Sure, but the spread will slow down. Discovery is everything,
           | distribution is commodity.
           | 
           | Edit: And when Putin does shut down access to Youtube, I bet
           | he'll reference how US tech companies shut down "hostiles"
           | after the Capitol Building incident. And it will seem like he
           | has a has a reason for shutting down Youtube in Russia, to
           | his dwindling group of supporters.
        
         | disabled wrote:
         | Just FYI: As a Croatian speaker (not native, 20-30% mutual
         | intelligibility with Russian), whose native language is
         | English, I would say that the English captions work
         | effectively, but a professional translation from Russian to
         | English would be so much better. It does not capture the
         | grammatical cases or context all that well, based on what is
         | being spoken.
        
           | tpmx wrote:
           | Yeah, I kinda got that reading the subtitles - it's clear
           | that the English translation/subtitling is done by a semi-
           | amateur. Still, as, you say, it is _effective_.
        
         | sand_castles wrote:
         | please get parlar online.
        
       | rossdavidh wrote:
       | I could easily imagine the Russian government shutting down
       | internet usage for a few hours until they had a better handle on
       | the situation. But, I have to ask, how possible is it that this
       | was instead a lot more people than usual trying to use the
       | internet in that area, because they were all on their smartphones
       | trying to coordinate their activities in bandwidth-hungry ways?
       | 
       | Not saying it's likely, I don't know enough about the tech and
       | infrastructure to evaluate that. Just asking the question in case
       | somebody on HN does know.
        
         | stopChanging wrote:
         | I'm wondering the same thing.
         | 
         | The article only says this:
         | 
         | "Purposeful internet outages generally have a distinct network
         | pattern used by NetBlocks to determine and attribute the root
         | cause of an outage, a process known as attribution which
         | follows detection and classification stages."
         | 
         | To me they just drop some silly terms and fail to actually
         | explain anything.
        
       | fatsdomino001 wrote:
       | So begins another attempted colour revolution...
        
       | alexryndin wrote:
       | Hello. I'm in Russia, Moscow now and actually internet works
       | fine. :)
        
         | dualthro wrote:
         | You can verify that cell/mobile internet works fine at the site
         | of the protests?
        
         | uniformlyrandom wrote:
         | According to the link, it was restored around 11am PST (10pm
         | MSK)
        
       | jseliger wrote:
       | I wonder whether SpaceX will allow Starlink service
       | (https://www.starlink.com/) to the open Internet even in
       | repressive countries. Obviously there are many barriers, ranging
       | from the states's security apparatuses to getting payment for
       | service to Starlink to smuggling the dishes into the repressive
       | countries, but it's not impossible to imagine a future in which
       | open Internet access is much harder to block in many places.
        
         | walrus01 wrote:
         | two problems there:
         | 
         | a) the present starlink architecture is bent pipe from each
         | satellite. meaning that a satellite (for uninterrupted service,
         | two or more satellites at the same time), in its moving LEO
         | orbit needs to be simultaneously in view of the customer
         | premises small terminal, and also a starlink earth station
         | which is a link into terrestrial fiber networks. spacex is
         | working on satellite-to-satellite trunk link connectivity but
         | to the best of everyone's knowledge outside of the company,
         | none of those have launched yet. because of that, you can't
         | presently have a starlink terminal for an ordinary customer
         | without a spacex-operated earth station geographically located
         | in the same region.
         | 
         | b) an adversarial high tech nation like russia (or iran,
         | whatever) would have absolutely no problems with operating
         | portable spectrum analyzers on the ground to identify and
         | confiscate starlink terminals. it needs to be on a roof or
         | other place with a clear view of the sky, isn't very small, and
         | it needs to transmit. if it transmits in known bands, from the
         | ground towards space, it can be identified from the ground and
         | confiscated. training relatively unskilled law enforcement to
         | use a portable spectrum analyzer and a ku band horn antenna
         | would be at most a one day, eight hour training course. see
         | what happens if you try to operate an unauthorized two-way VSAT
         | link, 1.2 to 2.4m dish size, in the C or Ku bands in Ethiopia
         | today, for example. Men with a pickup truck and firearms will
         | show up to take your equipment and arrest you.
         | 
         | all of that said, I think that there is still a lot of
         | possibilities for circumvention of government censorship and
         | filtering, even in an aggressive environment such as behind the
         | great firewall of china. I highly encourage any interested
         | persons with linux/networking software development expertise,
         | and network engineering expertise to put some thought into how
         | they might assist open source projects related to censorship,
         | obfuscation/stego, and traffic-blockage circumvention. Except
         | in an environment where the government literally orders
         | EVERYTHING to be shut off (Kashmir, recently!), there will
         | likely always remain some paths for traffic, because a country
         | can only cripple its own internet for so long without causing
         | significant economic impacts domestically.
        
         | alicorn wrote:
         | It is already all but illegal to use Starlink in Russia, and
         | given modern surveillance technologies, setting up an access
         | point against the will of authorities might be practically
         | impossible.
        
           | pietor wrote:
           | Everybody in Teheran has satellite dishes on their roof to
           | watch illegal tv programming. You might be overestimating the
           | efficiency of repressive authorities
        
             | modeless wrote:
             | Satellite TV dishes don't transmit and don't require the
             | service provider to know your location.
        
               | bpodgursky wrote:
               | Yeah but if SpaceX has no actual corporate entity in
               | Russia, Russia has no real way to force SpaceX to
               | disclose the data.
               | 
               | (short of threatening to shoot down satellites, which
               | would normally be a viable threat, but honestly now
               | SpaceX can launch a StarLink satellite for less than it
               | costs to shoot one down)
        
               | tristanj wrote:
               | This is not the grandparent comment's point. SpaceX is
               | not the weakest link here, the user on the ground
               | transmitting radio signals is. Satellite communications
               | are easily identifiable, and can be rapidly triangulated.
        
               | bpodgursky wrote:
               | Hmm is it true that the dishes can be triangulated? I was
               | under the impression that they were motorized and
               | directional (not like a cell phone that's
               | omnidirectional).
               | 
               | Obviously they're a bit bulky for now, but I suspect they
               | will shrink considerably over time.
        
             | et-al wrote:
             | Repressive authorities probably don't view _Better Call
             | Saul_ as a threat to their authority as much as citizens
             | actively sharing difficult truths, organizing protests, and
             | communicating with the outside world.
             | 
             | (I'm aware of Radio Free Europe role's as soft power, but
             | skeptical of today's sitcoms providing a strong critique
             | against these regimes.)
        
         | modeless wrote:
         | The chance of this is about zero unfortunately. Space is very
         | heavily regulated and I don't see SpaceX trying to rock the
         | boat at the expense of any possibility of eventually providing
         | service in those countries. They don't have plausible
         | deniability about where terminals are located. Knowledge of
         | location is required for the system to work.
        
         | mrtksn wrote:
         | It may not go well for the car business.
         | 
         | If I recall correctly, Musk himself said that he will respect
         | countries laws.
        
           | BurningFrog wrote:
           | Then again, all criminals say that.
        
         | rasz wrote:
         | Not the space faring ones for sure.
        
         | eznzt wrote:
         | Internet access over satellite has been around since forever.
         | It's a big thing in Cuba for example. Evidently, possession of
         | the necessary equipment is illegal, and smuggling it in is
         | extremely expensive.
        
         | trillic wrote:
         | At some point in the near future there may open source antenna
         | designs that could run SpaceX's closed source software on
         | commodity equipment with service paid for by Bitcoin.
        
           | ducktective wrote:
           | yeah, good luck with hiding the actual physical
           | electromagnetic waves...heard those could be easily tracked.
        
             | drdaeman wrote:
             | TIL that Starlink uses phased arrays in their terminals,
             | but I wonder if - for discretion's sake - it can be also
             | made to work with parabolic dish antennas. Or do those
             | phased arrays those days have small sidelobes?
             | 
             | Either way, still should be possible to catch those in
             | denser areas by wardriving, I think.
        
               | TaylorAlexander wrote:
               | The satellites are continuously moving so they use the
               | phased array to track the motion of the satellites in
               | real time (I believe). You could make a dish on a movable
               | mount, but from an RF perspective that would be no less
               | detectable than a dish. The point is that Starlink is a
               | two way link, so someone flying overhead in an airplane
               | could detect the transmitted signal. TV dishes are harder
               | to detect because they don't transmit when receiving TV,
               | not because they are a dish.
        
               | drdaeman wrote:
               | Yeah, I get it's bidirectional and was thinking about a
               | movable mount exactly. Flying over felt costly which is
               | why I thought about wardriving and relying on transmitter
               | antenna sidelobes for detection - as I believe they're
               | smaller for parabolic antennas. From what I've heard,
               | this is the most common approach - just a van roaming the
               | city and comparing what they see to list of licensed
               | radios.
               | 
               | Although, now, thinking about the costs I feel that maybe
               | I was wrong in that assumption, and flying drones is
               | cheap enough for this purpose.
        
       | fasteddie31003 wrote:
       | Same headline could have been in America a few weeks ago.
       | "Internet disrupted in United States amid opposition protests"
       | Except private companies disrupted the internet over central
       | governments.
        
         | uniformlyrandom wrote:
         | That was very different kind of disruption though, wasn't it?
        
           | Helloworldboy wrote:
           | No
        
         | dTal wrote:
         | Some differences:
         | 
         | web services != internet: Nobody was pulling a lever and
         | blanket shutting down WhatsApp.
         | 
         | government != private: You touch on this, but it' a significant
         | difference that there was no abuse of political power at play;
         | you simply had independent entities coming to the same
         | conclusion, and acting within their rights.
         | 
         | tactical != strategic: The revocation of service by various
         | American web services was not time sensitive, calculated to
         | disrupt an ongoing protest; it was a refusal to continue
         | providing service _after_ the heat had died down.
        
           | Udik wrote:
           | > Nobody was pulling a lever and blanket shutting down
           | WhatsApp
           | 
           | You don't need to if you can intervene at the specific
           | application and user level. Which is what happened with
           | Twitter and Facebook, Youtube and Parler.
           | 
           | > there was no abuse of political power at play; you simply
           | had independent entities
           | 
           | Which happen to be companies from the same nation, after the
           | political entity their actions are directed against has lost
           | the elections and is well on its way out and its opponents
           | are coming in. Russia doesn't have the luxury of having its
           | own Facebook and Youtube.
           | 
           | > The revocation of service by various American web services
           | was not time sensitive, calculated to disrupt an ongoing
           | protest;
           | 
           | Yet it was motivated with the danger of further incitements-
           | which means that the heat had not died down at all- the
           | actions were explicitly aimed at preventing more protest.
        
         | IfOnlyYouKnew wrote:
         | "Internet disrupted in US amid protests except the internet
         | works fine and its just a few accounts being banned from social
         | media and its not protest but a violent mob intend on publicly
         | executing members of parliament and its not the opposition
         | because the current president send them"
         | 
         | (... not sure if the headline fits any style guide)
        
         | mhh__ wrote:
         | By that same logic every single act of moderation is disrupting
         | the internet?
        
           | ducktective wrote:
           | aah...by that logic, "de-platforming" (newspeak for
           | censoring) is moderation.
        
             | zepto wrote:
             | That's exactly what people claim it is.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | trentnix wrote:
           | If it moderates the same political speech simultaneously
           | across multiple, supposedly "independent" networks, then
           | yeah.
        
             | mhh__ wrote:
             | What is "it"? If you punched the mayor in a bar would you
             | be surprised all the local establishments kick you out as
             | well?
        
               | trentnix wrote:
               | Well I guess that depends. Is the mayor a "Nazi"? Because
               | they decided that was okay a few years back before they
               | started calling everyone they don't like a "Nazi".
        
               | mhh__ wrote:
               | If I'm being honest I don't contest that the word nazi is
               | being thrown around too much, but if Donald Trump isn't
               | (even accidently, I don't believe he could formulate a
               | view himself) a fascist I don't know who is - economic
               | protectionist, social conservative, consistently praises
               | "strong" leaders e.g. Putin and Kim, has been caught on
               | tape trying to illegally override a democratic result in
               | Georgia, the list goes on and on and these are excluding
               | the more blatant offenses during 2015
        
               | trentnix wrote:
               | How about people who scheme to deny the speech of others?
               | That's pretty fascist.
        
             | uniformlyrandom wrote:
             | This is Hacker News, not Facebook.
             | 
             | Arguably, the internet ends at the network level (TCP).
             | Everything above it is just the payload. Application layer
             | disruptions are not internet disruptions.
        
               | trentnix wrote:
               | That's just a different weapon that can be aimed at the
               | same enemy.
        
               | uniformlyrandom wrote:
               | Yes, but application layer "weapons" are very democratic.
               | Everyone can have one.
        
       | throwawaysea wrote:
       | In case you're looking for background, this concerns the arrest
       | of Alexei Navalny, a Putin political opponent. He was recently
       | poisoned (almost certainly by the Russian state), treated in
       | [EDIT: Germany], and immediately arrested upon return to Russia.
       | Now his wife and other associates have also been detained. There
       | are widespread protests as a result.
       | 
       | See
       | https://ground.news/article/7bdfdb69-fbf5-4fb5-be1b-43c8d8b3...
       | for articles related to the protest from different news media
       | with various biases.
        
         | NLips wrote:
         | Treated in Germany, not the UK
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | RobertoG wrote:
         | Treated in Germany, I think.
        
       | rdiddly wrote:
       | In America they leave the internet connected through the protest,
       | the better to gather evidence.
        
         | 10000truths wrote:
         | They can do that because the social media websites that a vast
         | majority of people use all fall under US jurisdiction, so
         | obtaining evidence is just a subpoena away. I guarantee you
         | that the US government would more strongly push for Internet
         | censorship if the US protests in the past four years were
         | organized over, say, Vkontakte.
        
           | rdiddly wrote:
           | You can bet that anything happening on Vkontakte gets
           | vacuumed up by the NSA and can be used as evidence too. The
           | real reason blackouts don't happen is probably because it
           | would be too disruptive to business.
        
       | pmoriarty wrote:
       | Protestors really need to find a more censorship-resistant means
       | of communication.
       | 
       | In the heat of the moment, when protests are organized and
       | coordinated over the internet, internet censorship can be very
       | effective, and countries have become adept at controlling it.
       | 
       | John Gilmour's quip about the internet interpreting censorship as
       | damage and routing around is far from true for mainstream
       | internet users, if it ever was.
        
         | IfOnlyYouKnew wrote:
         | They just shut of the internet in Russia. In its entirety. What
         | new "means of communication" are protesters supposed to come up
         | with, and why wouldn't anyone else come up with those,
         | considering any means of mass communication independent of the
         | internet would probably be useful for a lot more than just
         | protesting?
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _What new "means of communication" are protesters supposed
           | to come up with_
           | 
           | Did protests not exist and revolutions not occur before the
           | Internet? If anything, the Internet appears to have tilted
           | the table in favour of rulers.
        
             | dmix wrote:
             | You could always start an underground pamphlet printing
             | press!
             | 
             | ... although the pro-censorship crowd have an exploit for
             | that as well: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jx3svMxAIas
        
         | jcpenny1 wrote:
         | Please be very careful of pasting Netblocks links here. They
         | have no documented methodology and put users at risk by
         | scanning for websites without any consent.
        
         | baybal2 wrote:
         | Another option is to make Internet itself more censorship
         | resistant.
         | 
         | Remember, cable is actually way more physically resistant to
         | adversary interference in comparison to radio, satellite, or
         | microwave towers.
         | 
         | You need to destroy cables, and equipment physically, unlike
         | anything of above, and you can repair it quickly using
         | omnipresent, off the shelf hardware. In other words, you can
         | expend a great amount of resources sending goons to wreck
         | thousands of DCs, and exchanges to little effect.
         | 
         | Physically denying regime's access to network exchanges will
         | work.
         | 
         | Same with cell networks. Easy to jam locally, but even a big
         | city is practically impossible without massive expense to
         | physically take down cell towers. Idlib in Syria is a good
         | example how a cutoff segment of cell network managed to stay
         | online for a remarkable amount of time under military
         | aggression.
        
           | lostlogin wrote:
           | > Physically denying regime's access to network exchanges
           | will work.
           | 
           | I'm not sure this works with Russia. The police there don't
           | mess around, are very violent and have been practicing their
           | tactics for at least a century.
        
             | baybal2 wrote:
             | I myself is an unfortunate owner of a russian passport, and
             | my spend childhood there.
             | 
             | > The police there don't mess around, are very violent
             | 
             | Of course! That's rather obvious. You will not be able to
             | resist any much bigger force than just police with puny
             | handguns you can buy on the black market, but that's the
             | point!
             | 
             | Have that militarised special police busy! Have them
             | expending resources, have them running armour around cities
             | at a great material cost. Not to say disruption of everyday
             | life, and seeing armour on the streets will contribute
             | greatly to galvanising the population, and demoralising the
             | ordinary police.
             | 
             | Simple math tells that 1 million men strong police force
             | will quickly exhaust itself being either split on 100+
             | major cities, or being constantly relocated from one city,
             | to another.
             | 
             | The ratio of military age men, to police force in Russia is
             | 21 to 1, and you very much expect that a bigger portion of
             | population has to be counted, and not all mancount of
             | police, and 3 letter services account for military like
             | units.
        
         | zksmk wrote:
         | That's what projects like the https://briarproject.org/ are
         | for.
         | 
         | It's peer2peer in the truest sense, it can connect to other
         | peers via Bluetooth or WiFi. It also uses Tor when it goes over
         | the internet.
         | 
         | The fact the info spreads like corona when in person, means it
         | takes a while for the info to spread, but once it explodes it
         | goes big, and is hard to stop.
         | 
         | My favorite anti-censorship app.
        
         | cheschire wrote:
         | Well it depends on how you define mainstream internet.
         | 
         | If you define it in the same way that it was when that quote
         | was originally stated, then protestors can still just as easily
         | interconnect networks as they could back then. It might even be
         | easier than back then if you consider using mesh wireless
         | technology.
         | 
         | Smartphones aren't the internet. They're regulated endpoints
         | within a restricted network which is itself connected to the
         | internet. Just because these extremely limited little devices
         | we carry in our pockets had their access cut off, and just
         | because a lot of home users can't just open a browser and start
         | browsing without talking to their neighbors, doesn't mean the
         | internet can't successfully route around it. It just takes time
         | and effort.
         | 
         | I still believe the quote to be true.
        
         | nelgaard wrote:
         | Freifunk works:
         | https://freifunk.net/en/https://freifunk.net/en/
        
         | toast0 wrote:
         | It's hard to have realtime communications be censorship
         | resistant if there is defacto authority to block them.
         | 
         | Terrestrial wired and wireless telecom is out; government can
         | order them to turn off.
         | 
         | Broadcast RF is hard, because jamming and locating the source
         | are relatively simple. And taking actions to stop jammers is
         | probably more illegal than the protest.
         | 
         | Line of sight optical signaling is probably easy to locate the
         | source of, but could work; otoh, easy to disrupt with smoke,
         | etc.
         | 
         | If you can do something with peer to peer radio, that could
         | work, but wifi or bluetooth frequencies are jammable.
        
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