[HN Gopher] Ask HN: Why aren't micropayments a thing?
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       Ask HN: Why aren't micropayments a thing?
        
       Amazon aws and related services can charge you a rate per email, or
       per unit time of computation, so why can't news sites just charge
       you $0.01 to read an article, or even half that?
        
       Author : wppick
       Score  : 52 points
       Date   : 2021-01-22 19:39 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
       | sameers wrote:
       | There are some great answers here already, I'll just add a what I
       | think is different perspective on it.
       | 
       | Each newspaper is already charging you $0.01 an article, from
       | their perspective. They give you an issue every day that has 100s
       | of articles and it costs you like, a $1? $2? So each article is
       | indeed super cheap for you to consume.
       | 
       | As others observe, you as a consumer probably aren't asking to be
       | gated at every article - you are probably imagining some sort of
       | general fund from which the paper draws down. Now if you really
       | like just one paper or magazine, then you are back to a
       | subscription model in this case.
       | 
       | So your use case is most probably that you want to read a FEW
       | articles from LOTS of sites. Like, 20 from the NYT, 20 from WSJ,
       | 30 from Slate etc.
       | 
       | Now the problem is to have an entity that is a 3rd party relative
       | to these sites, which manages the common kitty. I vaguely
       | remember some companies trying this, I can't remmeber the names,
       | but you can see why this won't be easy. First, there's conflict
       | of interest. It's tough to decide to enable a platform which also
       | enables subscriptions to competing sources. Second, the platform
       | company itself has to strike these deals individually because
       | AT&T/the Mercers/George Soros haven't yet bought up all the news
       | sources, which is a lot of friction.
       | 
       | And third, the execs at the sites have to decide that this
       | complicated arrangement is really going to attract a completely
       | new set of subscribers who actually like their content but just
       | haven't signed up because the subscription price is too much. Why
       | is it intuitive that _at scale_, a non subscriber's main barrier
       | is not their affinity to or interest in the content itself, but
       | this reluctance to commit to the subscription model? Why even
       | should I assume that this unserved market has significant
       | marginal utility to me as a company, relative to all the other
       | ways I am making money? Even if all this is true, as an exec, I'd
       | probably first experiment with tiered subscription on my site,
       | and have multiple gates, rather than buy into some micro payment
       | kitty system.
        
       | rgblambda wrote:
       | Companies prefer stable income, even when it means making less
       | overall. It makes it easier to plan future spending.
        
       | davidw wrote:
       | People have been asking that since at least the late 90ies. I
       | think even Xanadu had some notion of micropayments.
        
       | BitwiseFool wrote:
       | Accounting, transaction reversibility, and taxation.
       | 
       | In real life if you want to give somebody a dime, you just do it.
       | But online you have to query your account to make sure you have
       | enough money to make the payment, reserve the funds so the
       | payment can go through without stopping other pending
       | transactions, pass it the amount through some infrastructure
       | where you can dispute the charge at a later date (if needed), and
       | you also have to make sure the government is able to track your
       | transactions for tax and anti-money laundering purposes.
       | 
       | For Amazon it's a different situation because they're charging
       | you for a service based on usage. They have given you an account
       | number and they handle all the accounting on their end. It's not
       | a general payments system.
        
       | rogerallen wrote:
       | Hear, hear! I would _love_ to give money to a  "read-the-
       | article.com" and have them dole out money on a per-article basis
       | for articles I read online. They can make money on the float.
       | 
       | Google & Apple should waive their 30% for this.
        
         | GekkePrutser wrote:
         | Like Blendle? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blendle
        
         | mumblemumble wrote:
         | This roughly is how Medium works.
         | 
         | I subscribed to Medium mostly because I liked the idea of
         | paying writers with money rather than with ads. Very shortly
         | after, I stopped bothering with Medium because it's a pit of
         | eternal clickbait. Pay-per-read sets up bad incentive
         | structures.
        
       | aurizon wrote:
       | I get stock quotes with 15 minute delay. If I want real time, I
       | am charged 2 cents. At the end of the month all the 2 cent
       | charges are summed and added to my monthly fee. News sites could
       | easily do something similar
        
         | wppick wrote:
         | Yes, and as a 3rd party service would be great too. I can login
         | with Facebook, Google, etc. It would be great if I can just pay
         | 1/2 cent to read 1 article vs signing up for monthly or yearly
         | subscriptions. And I can choose pay with service a, service b
         | or service c. They should all adhere to a single standard so
         | any new service can just plug into it. Why should I have to
         | choose only between ads or some big monthly/yearly
         | subscription?
        
         | GekkePrutser wrote:
         | But people into finance are already pretty much into money...
         | 
         | I still view the internet as something that should be free and
         | any transaction pisses me off. No matter how cheap it is I will
         | avoid having to pay unless one of the conditions are met:
         | 
         | - I really need the article in question
         | 
         | - It's something substantial that I _really_ think is worth
         | money (e.g. a book)
         | 
         | For example, if I spend 2 cent on an article that turns out to
         | be clickbait I will be royally pissed. Which I acknowledge is
         | totally absurd because 2 cents affects my financial situation
         | in no way whatsoever. But this is not how it feels to me.
         | Logically I shouldn't even think about it at all, it's not
         | worth even thinking about. But this is not how this works.
         | 
         | I'm pretty sure that people dealing with stocks are generally
         | less bothered having to deal in stuff because they are in the
         | middle of the economic model (it makes them money as well as
         | takes it) whereas I'm purely at the end of it, only spending.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | tonymet wrote:
       | Merchant fees
        
       | mimikatz wrote:
       | People don't like to do transactions. It taxes our brains and
       | makes us make decisions constantly. We like all you can eat and
       | watch as much as you like. Paying for things sucks even if you
       | just pay small amounts.
        
         | abeppu wrote:
         | I get this, but also there's a class of things where we know
         | we're constantly being charged by use, and we don't constantly
         | think about it.
         | 
         | Gas, electricity, water are all cases where my use is metered,
         | I _could_ try to micromanage it on a daily basis, but so long
         | as my bills don't vary wildly from month to month, I don't pay
         | especially close attention. To the degree that I self-regulate
         | my use, it's more about the environment than the dollar cost. I
         | don't think about it every time I take a shower or turn up my
         | thermostat.
         | 
         | The amount of online stuff from for-profit institutions I read
         | from month to month doesn't vary that much, and if I knew from
         | habit what the typical range was, I think I could learn to be
         | ok with that. But the current experience, where whenever
         | someone links to something in a _different_ paywall than the
         | ones I'm already in, I do have to think "would it be worth it
         | to pay for this source?" and often the answer is "no".
        
           | opreturn wrote:
           | Very nice points. People are not that averse to metered
           | pricing. There is a strong aversion towards unpredictable
           | charges.
        
         | waynesonfire wrote:
         | maybe whats needed is a system that tallies up the sites you've
         | visited and at the end of the month you can just say, allocate
         | 5 bucks among them. Or if you've had a rough month, maybe don't
         | give anything. Maybe you can distribute you payments once a
         | year. Or make slight adjustments to it and not give a site any
         | money if you feel.
        
           | GekkePrutser wrote:
           | There've been several projects that did exactly that. Like
           | Brave with their BAT tokens. But it never took off.
           | 
           | Personally I don't like them because these things don't
           | normally opt you out of ad tracking as well. When I pay I
           | want to be the customer and not be tracked. I also don't want
           | to give any personal details. They know nothing about me when
           | I buy a newspaper in the shop. It should be like this :)
        
           | Lammy wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flattr
        
         | addicted wrote:
         | Thank you.
         | 
         | For the longest time I thought there was just something wrong
         | with me. Rarely would you find a comment in an article about
         | micropayments that pointed out that micropayments sound,
         | stressful!
         | 
         | It causes me anxiety just having to think about having to
         | consider making payments everytime I click on an article, for
         | example, even if it's a tiny $0.01 amount each time.
        
         | spurdoman77 wrote:
         | Yeah. For example, thats why people like all-inclusive hotels.
         | The reason is that you dont have to think about the prices all
         | the time. You just go through the package only and thats it.
         | 
         | The less tranactions, the better. At least for the majority of
         | us. It is very rare to prefer doing many small transactions
         | over one big.
        
           | GekkePrutser wrote:
           | Yep even if we end up paying more than we would have with
           | separate billing, we don't care. It's a mental burden, I feel
           | the same way.
        
           | wppick wrote:
           | How do you explain paywalls then?
        
             | mumblemumble wrote:
             | The main reason I don't sign up for more paywalled things
             | is not concerns about money, it's sheer inertia. Signing up
             | takes effort, and it's yet another subscription to manage.
             | 
             | That extends to relatively low-friction cases like Patreon.
             | The number of podcasters and bloggers where I've thought,
             | quite earnestly, "I really like what this person is doing,
             | I should kick a few quid their way," and then just _not
             | done that_ is near infinite. And it 's never because I was
             | feeling stingy; it's because I couldn't be arsed.
        
             | davidkellis wrote:
             | Everyone hates paywalls
        
               | wppick wrote:
               | Yes, because they want you to pay for a monthly or yearly
               | subscription and you just want to read one article and
               | maybe never come back to their site. But if I can do a
               | 1-click "pay 1/2 cent" to read the rest of the article
               | that would be totally fair
        
               | GekkePrutser wrote:
               | That's not the only thing. It's the hassle as well.
               | 
               | First they want you to sign up for an account. Give a lot
               | of personal data. Then set up a payment model, often
               | recurring. Just to read one article? No way.
               | 
               | Micropayments will save some of that hassle but I don't
               | want to have an account with every news site linked to by
               | HN.
        
             | dukeyukey wrote:
             | Paywalls typically ask you to get a subscription, not to
             | pay for that particular article.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | catchmeifyoucan wrote:
       | As a consumer, I don't want to do this because I don't want to
       | pull out my credit card to pay $0.01. I think they're hard to
       | make work on a small scale. So an aggregate of people say putting
       | $10 into a news pool, and each paying $.01 cent to read, and the
       | news pool paying the providers, might make more sense. The
       | micropayment could be like "credits", and may be refunded.
        
       | dyeje wrote:
       | Isn't this essentially what the Brave browser does?
        
       | ksm1717 wrote:
       | An idea I had recently that relates to this - sites use some of
       | your compute power to mine crypto in your browser and credit your
       | wallet some rate, other sites like news sites draw from your
       | wallet when you browse
        
         | mbreese wrote:
         | Wouldn't it be more efficient to just send money directly?
         | 
         | I mean, the user will still end up paying someone. But with the
         | mining strategy, instead of directly paying sites, the user
         | will pay the electric company.
        
       | posguy wrote:
       | Processing a credit card costs $0.02 per card, plus interchange
       | of up to 3%. Debit processing is $0.22 cents plus 0.05%. Both of
       | these are the baseline cost, your merchant processor often won't
       | be able to even get these rates for their own wholesale rates.
       | 
       | Now try and build a micropayments ecosystem ontop of this
       | infrastructure that is very expensive to interact with (in the
       | context of $0.01 charges). Amazon can do it for AWS as they
       | aggregate many small charges into one bill, resulting in the
       | service cost not being dwarfed by the payment processing cost.
        
         | acjacobson wrote:
         | The answer to this, which I am a little surprised no one has
         | tried to implement (maybe someone has tried?), is to charge the
         | end customer in some larger amount - say $5 or $10, and then
         | draw down the micro transaction amount as you go. So if you
         | could pay $5 a month (or at a time) but gain access to every
         | article, site, video, piece of content etc, and it auto deducts
         | from your balance then you don't have the transaction cost to
         | manage with the CC, and you don't have the friction of
         | purchasing. The challenge here is like any two sided
         | marketplace - you need consumers to pay, and then you need
         | content providers to sign on to get enough on offer for it to
         | be worth it for both sides.
        
           | Metacelsus wrote:
           | >charge the end customer in some larger amount - say $5 or
           | $10, and then draw down the micro transaction amount as you
           | go.
           | 
           | Wow, I just realized why Steam does this for in-game
           | purchases.
        
             | floatingatoll wrote:
             | That's also so they can deny refunds for cash balances --
             | once you pay money to their company, you may never receive
             | it back under any circumstances. That way they can 'refund'
             | you games at any time, but not ever have to record a cash
             | transaction to do so. This is, not coincidentally,
             | universal among online video game and microtransaction
             | stores, with the singular exception of Apple who does _not_
             | compel all purchases through an intermediate currency
             | balance.
        
           | Hamuko wrote:
           | Isn't that basically how Flattr works?
        
             | acjacobson wrote:
             | Kind of? Doesn't Flattr have you choose up front how you
             | want to distribute your subscription? I was imagining a
             | system where you don't have an upfront choice to make, but
             | that as you consume content the subscription is drawn down.
        
               | bingo_cannon wrote:
               | That is how most toll systems work. You load up a balance
               | on the card $10/$20 and it deducts every time you cross a
               | checkpoint.
               | 
               | The difference between this and a micropayment platform
               | would be the fees. In the toll system, the fees are paid
               | once. With a micropayment platform, the fees would be per
               | transaction.
               | 
               | There can be a "self hosted" version of such a platform
               | that say each content-provider can host but I am not sure
               | it will work out against the cost of maintaining it
               | includes much more than just hosting (securty, auditing,
               | refunds, taxes etc).
        
           | GekkePrutser wrote:
           | There have been several projects that did exactly that. They
           | just haven't really taken off. Like Blendle.
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blendle
           | 
           | I see they're moving to a subscription model now too in an
           | attempt to make it more attractive.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | rileymat2 wrote:
           | I must be misremembering, but isn't that what paypal did long
           | ago?
        
           | onion2k wrote:
           | Bitpass was an early micropayment startup that was around for
           | a few years. Beanz and Flooz were late dotcom era
           | "micropayment" startups (they were more like gift
           | certificates really) that were very well funded and failed
           | terribly. More recently Kim Dotcom tried it with Bitcache.
           | There are significant problems with the model.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | jbob2000 wrote:
           | This is really just circumventing the problem. As an end
           | user, I don't want my money to be split up in to all of these
           | random pools that private companies have control over.
        
         | choeger wrote:
         | I doubt that any transaction _costs_ some percentage of the
         | transaction 's value. The true cost shouldn't differ whether I
         | charge $1 or $10 (maybe large transactions incur extra costs
         | for security measures). It's just a convenient way of pricing
         | for the credit card company.
        
           | lostcolony wrote:
           | That's pricing in the risk of taking the charge. The $10
           | transaction is 10x as risky to a credit network's bottom line
           | as the $1 transaction. That's also why the debit percentage
           | is lower.
        
           | lalaithion wrote:
           | Many of the entities that process transactions do fraud
           | monitoring. Oftentimes, the fraud monitoring has different
           | levels of time spent depending on amount: under $10 and the
           | system just ignores it, under $1000 and a computer uses some
           | heuristics, and above that, it might be flagged for human
           | review. These aren't exactly 5% of the cost of the
           | transaction, but they do show that the cost to process the
           | transaction does increase as the amount increases, and fraud
           | prevention, detection, and responsibility is how companies
           | justify charging a percentage on a transaction.
        
         | dheera wrote:
         | I don't think this is inherently the issue. News sites could
         | aggregate charges and bill you at the end of the month.
         | 
         | I think the bigger issues is that if I see an article presented
         | to me as shared on social media or in search results I assume
         | it is free access. I click in, and if they ask for payment,
         | it's a turnoff since I thought it was going to be free. Also, I
         | don't like how credit card information can be continuously used
         | by the organization.
         | 
         | I want to be able to hand an authorization for a single one-
         | time payment to any organization and not an authorization to
         | charge however much they want, whenever they want.
         | 
         | That goes for hotels too. I want to be able to say "Here's my
         | credit card" [but I don't authorize more than $130/day].
        
           | egty wrote:
           | Doesn't directly solve the root problem, but I use
           | https://privacy.com for all of my online purchases. It lets
           | you create multiple virtual card numbers, so every site I
           | pay, I give a different card number. If any single site gets
           | hacked, I can disable just that card. And each card can have
           | a spending limit per transaction/day/month/year. Or, you can
           | make the card a "burner" card that automatically deactivates
           | after the first transaction.
           | 
           | Edit: I suppose that doesn't work as well for hotels
           | specifically, at least in terms of giving a card for
           | incidentals. Since it isn't a physical card, not sure if the
           | receptionist would be keen on entering a digital card like
           | that? But I've definitely used it to pay for rooms online.
        
       | tzs wrote:
       | Taxes are a big reason. Consider a site in the US with customers
       | in the US.
       | 
       | Quite a few states require you to collect sales tax on sales to
       | customers in those states. Most have thresholds and you only have
       | to collect taxes if you exceed those thresholds, but
       | unfortunately most of those thresholds are of the form sales of
       | at least $D dollars _or_ at least T transactions.
       | 
       | $D is usually reasonably high, like $100k or $200k, but T is
       | often 200.
       | 
       | So 200 people in South Dakota each pay $0.01 for an article on
       | your site generating a whopping $2 in revenue...but you have 200
       | transactions so you owe sales tax on that $2. Same thing will
       | probably happen in a bunch of other states.
       | 
       | And so there you are, with tiny revenues from many states, but
       | having to register with their tax authorities, having to file tax
       | reports (quarterly in most cases, but I think some may be
       | monthly), pay filing fees in some (which might be more than your
       | revenue in those states!), and of course actually send the tax
       | money.
       | 
       | Now throw in other countries. There is VAT in the EU, for
       | instance. Most countries have VAT thresholds, but those often do
       | not apply to out-of-country sellers, so you might have to deal
       | with VAT for European that comes and buys one of your $0.01
       | articles.
       | 
       | There are some things that help with this. In the US there is the
       | Streamlined Sales Tax Agreement, which is an agreement between
       | about half the states where if an online seller agrees to collect
       | sales tax for all sales in all the participating states (even the
       | ones that they do not meet the thresholds for), the states will
       | pay for the seller to use a service like Avalara or Tax Cloud,
       | which will handle the rate calculations, the filing, and all that
       | at no charge to the seller.
       | 
       | But that only covers about half the states. Those services will
       | handle the rest for you, but not for free, so you can't escape
       | tax pain.
       | 
       | With VAT in EU, there is a thing called VAT MOSS that you can
       | sign up for. You sign up for VAT MOSS in one country (Ireland is
       | a good choice for US businesses), and then you just have to file
       | one quarterly report with them listing your sales in all EU
       | countries and the tax owed, pay that tax to the VAT MOSS country,
       | and that country then distributes their shares to the others.
       | 
       | The VAT situation is considerably nicer than the US sales tax
       | situation, because VAT is per country. I just have to know that a
       | customer is in, say, Germany, to know how much VAT to collect. In
       | the US, the sales tax depends on address. 123 Fake Street in a
       | town can have a different tax rate than 124 Fake Street, and the
       | seller is expected to deal with that.
       | 
       | If instead of charging $0.01 per article you make the site free
       | to users and plaster it with ads and make your money from those
       | ads all those tax issues go away. The money you make from the ads
       | is just ordinary business income, that gets taxes as part of your
       | corporate income tax. The tax is the same regardless of whether
       | someone who saw the ad lived at 123 Fake Street or 124 Fake
       | Street.
        
         | strombofulous wrote:
         | You only have to collect state sales tax if you have a taxable
         | nexus in that state (basically, six figure revenue from that
         | state alone in a fiscal year or a physical presence in that
         | state)
         | 
         | I doubt many non-US companies meet this condition in more than
         | a few states. Hell, I doubt many US companies even meet this
         | requirement (nb, that's why a lot of smaller ecommerce stores
         | don't collect tax). That would be a minimum of $5,000,000 in
         | yearly revenue from the US alone - more than enough to assume
         | that they have at least one accountant on payroll to deal with
         | this.
        
       | PaulHoule wrote:
       | Because payments are a hassle.
       | 
       | People resent that the credit card companies take 3%, but it
       | takes more than just 'transfer money from this account to that'
       | but also dealing with fraudulent buyers and sellers.
       | 
       | In the case of you visiting a site and feeling you didn't get
       | 0.005 cents worth of value it is very clear that somebody could
       | perceive it was unfair. In the advertising economy, however, no
       | one party sees the whole transaction so rip-offs can be pervasive
       | and people don't know.
        
       | solus_factor wrote:
       | Because nobody yet built a good implementation of the idea.
       | 
       | There was Flattr, but they pivoted from their original idea
       | because they couldn't make it work for some reason.
       | 
       | It can't be implemented on the level of individual sites - the
       | solution needs to be universal, like Google adding a 'tip' button
       | to Chrome + Play Store payment integration.
        
       | m34 wrote:
       | For reference, there's Web Monetization [1] which tries to solve
       | exactly that.
       | 
       | As others have noted it all boils down to user agent support.
       | Otherwise most publishers probably won't consider giving up ad or
       | subscription financed models.
       | 
       | Also, forcing users into subscriptions allows for better
       | demographics data/statistics.
       | 
       | [1] https://webmonetization.org/docs/explainer/
        
         | westurner wrote:
         | https://webmonetization.org/ lists Coil (flat $5/mo) as the
         | first Web Monetization provider: https://coil.com/
         | 
         | Web Monetization builds upon ILP (Interledger Protocol), which
         | is designed to work with any type of ledger; though it's
         | probably not possible for any traditional ledger to beat the
         | <1C/ transaction fee that only pre-mined coins have been able
         | to achieve.
        
       | kgwxd wrote:
       | You know exactly what you're buying from cloud services.
       | Micropayments for digital media would feel like buying blind
       | bags. I loath buying blind bags.
        
       | eitland wrote:
       | I want to pay for the things I want to read in other papers that
       | I don't subscribe to.
       | 
       | Up to $1 or $2 a piece.
       | 
       | I just want it like Blendle used to be that I can get my money
       | back if I jump back out after a few seconds and I want some more
       | choice (travel and fashion isn't exactly my stuff but actively
       | looked for tech stuff to read there and hardly found anything).
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | RustyRussell wrote:
       | As sometime who has worked full time on this for over 5 years
       | now, I have found a few aspects of your answer:
       | 
       | The technical challenges of doing it with credit cards are
       | overwhelming (in CC parlance, a "microtransaction" is anything
       | under $10) due to fee structure.
       | 
       | You can simplify this by using a different payment rail (in my
       | case, Lightning over Bitcoin), but now you have a different
       | problem: nobody has Bitcoin.
       | 
       | You also need to add the lack of convincing incentive: since
       | microtransactions don't yet exist, there's no proof that that's a
       | market for them. That leap of faith is a significant barrier.
        
         | 37ef_ced3 wrote:
         | Obviously you are aware of this, but here is an example of
         | micropayments in practice:
         | 
         | When I use (for example) Vultr cloud compute, I load my Vultr
         | account with $10 via credit card. Once the money enters the
         | account it remains there until it is spent
         | 
         | Then I pay 1 or 2 cents each hour for a cloud instance. At the
         | end of each month, Vultr tells we what's due if I exceed what
         | remains in the account
         | 
         | This kind of simple micropayment scheme (with a trusted entity
         | holding upfront credit card payments) is widely implemented
         | 
         | If you are willing to trust an intermediary (and most people
         | are) then distributed ledgers (blockchains) are unnecessary
        
       | egypturnash wrote:
       | Because payments are a for-profit industry. If we had some kind
       | of digital money that could be transferred without any fees
       | (because, say, the infrastructure was operated by the government,
       | under the assumption that a medium of exchange that doesn't take
       | a few percent off every transaction is a Public Good we should
       | have) then it would be much easier to see if micropayments are
       | actually a thing that anyone is willing to do.
        
         | kube-system wrote:
         | The US already has a government-facilitated money transfer
         | system that was specifically created to make small electronic
         | money transfers accessible for more people.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACH_Network
        
         | beefman wrote:
         | Nano is a cryptocurrency that is completely feeless. It's the
         | only feeless payment system I know of. (This is not an
         | endorsement, though the handful of transactions I've done with
         | it over the past couple years worked as advertised.)
        
           | strombofulous wrote:
           | How are miners incentivized to maintain the network?
        
             | rkho wrote:
             | I was curious and looked into this myself. According to
             | Coinbase[1]:
             | 
             | > users provide the computational power required to verify
             | their own transactions, allowing transactions to be
             | processed without fees
             | 
             | [1] https://www.coinbase.com/price/nano
        
         | wppick wrote:
         | Nothing is stopping the payment provider from taking a
         | percentage. I pay 0.5 cents for an article and service provider
         | takes 0.1 cents. Still $4 RPM for the news site after a 20%
         | fee!
        
       | hehehaha wrote:
       | Think of it as a cable subscription. When you bundle a whole
       | bunch of articles, it's easier to up charges due to volume and
       | perceived value.
        
       | defertoreptar wrote:
       | Part of it may be the mindset of "paying for something =
       | negative" and "getting something = positive." Micropayments
       | maximize the time we spend thinking about the negative part of
       | the transaction. On the other hand, if we wait too long and have
       | a $1000 bill at the end of the year, that may be even more
       | painful than having to think about smaller payments more often.
       | The psychological sweet spot for many things is the once a month
       | subscription.
        
       | floatingatoll wrote:
       | People don't like paying money for things, and they especially
       | don't like paying small amounts of money for things. People also
       | have less money these days to spare, and an overflow of content
       | that doesn't require them to pay.
        
       | michael1999 wrote:
       | TLDR: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transaction_cost
       | 
       | The transaction costs of small transactions quickly overwhelm the
       | value of the transaction. This gives rise to market structure
       | included (especially) the firm and the bundling within of non-
       | market transactions.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_the_firm
        
       | cJ0th wrote:
       | There was (is?) a website that charges you a couple of cents per
       | article. They offer content from many different magazines. I got
       | some free credit during the early phase. Even though I wasn't
       | even spending my own money, seeing the amount go down after every
       | article made me realize that none of the articles I read were
       | worth any money.
       | 
       | On the other hand, I am willing to spend $80 on a book if it
       | contains really valuable information.
       | 
       | One idea I like is spending $x flat each month and then consume
       | as much as I like knowing that the amount gets shared equally
       | among all the creators whose contents I have consumed. There
       | probably are businesses with such a mode out there but I am not
       | aware of any.
        
       | dannyobrien wrote:
       | Here's some older explanations:
       | 
       | Clay Shirky:
       | http://web.archive.org/web/20060214180624/http://www.openp2p...
       | 
       | Andrew Odlyzko:
       | http://www.dtc.umn.edu/~odlyzko/doc/case.against.micropaymen...
       | 
       | Nick Szabo:
       | http://web.archive.org/web/20080514172459/http://szabo.best....
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | I still think Shirky is pretty much spot-on after a couple of
         | decades. Even when it seemed as if "midi-payments" might be
         | getting some traction in music and apps, they've now mostly
         | turned into either subscriptions, ad-supported, or "free to
         | play." And arguably a bunch of midi-subscriptions (e.g.
         | $1/month) is even worse because enough of those and they add up
         | to a real money leak. For subscriptions, I'd much rather have a
         | $5-15/month that is a sufficient line item that I'll spend the
         | time to consider whether I really want this or not.
        
       | lisper wrote:
       | > why can't news sites just charge you $0.01 to read an article,
       | or even half that
       | 
       | They can. See https://blendle.com/, though the going rate there
       | is considerably more than 0.01. But that's a question of pricing,
       | not of logistics. The way it works is that you pay a small-ish
       | lump sum up front and then you draw down that balance in small
       | increments. That is different from true micropayments where you
       | can send small amounts to anyone on demand, but it's a proven
       | model.
       | 
       | The real problem is that to scale this beyond payments to a fixed
       | set of vendors you basically need a license from the federal
       | government. You need to either be a bank or a money-transfer
       | agent, and both of those have extremely high barriers to entry,
       | basically insurmountable, mainly to prevent money laundering,
       | which is the tough nut that no one has been able to crack.
        
         | justaguy88 wrote:
         | Is there admin overhead that gets in the way? For example,
         | someone disputing 400 different 1 cent charges
        
           | lisper wrote:
           | That too, though that's actually easier to deal with than the
           | regulatory issues because there are technological and ToS
           | solutions here.
        
       | RedditKon wrote:
       | Transaction fees
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | Isn't this what in-app payments are already doing?
        
       | xeromal wrote:
       | Google tried that years ago but it didn't pan out. I was part of
       | the program and always had a few bucks in there. I loved the
       | idea. I can't remember the name though
        
       | uncledave wrote:
       | Because it's a pain in the butt. You end up keeping track of
       | who's charged you what. You end up being a full time accountant
       | and adding a value judgement to every little thing you do. It's
       | just another thing chipping away at you constantly. Another
       | distraction and another treadmill.
        
         | GekkePrutser wrote:
         | This! Totally this. It'll be super hard to keep track of
         | finances with thousands of transactions per month.
         | 
         | And yes the value judgement. I'd hate having to think whether
         | every page I visit is worth it.
        
       | lostcolony wrote:
       | Because a lot of news sites know you're not loading them
       | intentionally in your browser, but landing on them because of
       | shares or search. Meaning you may only see their pages 10x a
       | month or similar even without a paywall.
       | 
       | The hope with the paywall is if you keep seeing it, you'll go
       | ahead and pay to unlock it, and the amount you're paying offsets
       | the transaction fees.
       | 
       | 1000 users each paying 20 cents for ten articles (so assuming
       | -double- the rate you propose, and charging only at the end of
       | the monthly billing cycle) is still a loss of likely around 1/4th
       | the revenue even with a cut rate payment provider (due to the
       | large fixed cost of 2-4%). So might make $50. It's -negative- if
       | using something pleasant to integrate with (because they will
       | charge for that convenience with a larger fixed cost, like
       | Stripe, who will charge $.30 + small percentage per charge),
       | unless you work with them to design a new pricing model for you.
       | 
       | Converting 50 of those thousand (so just 5%) of those people to
       | paid users at $5 each is going to be north of $200 you keep, even
       | if you use Stripe and don't negotiate anything.
       | 
       | And for those users that -will- load up a news site
       | intentionally, the economics are even starker; a subscription
       | means you'll likely go to their site, and stay there. Pay-as-you-
       | go pricing incentivizes you to not visit the site, and instead
       | find other, cheaper news sources.
       | 
       | AWS pricing works because of the scale of the resources people
       | tend to use, and that for businesses, using those resources =
       | additional revenue. It is spending money to make money.
        
         | jokethrowaway wrote:
         | The funny thing is that they're exposing their content for
         | indexers but hiding it for users.
         | 
         | When I encounter these websites I just write another
         | greasemonkey / tampermonkey script to delete the popup and
         | unlock the content.
        
         | GekkePrutser wrote:
         | Well in a way this actually works.. There's been several sites
         | I'm paying a subscription for because I came across them in
         | some search and found them really good. Like Ars Technica and
         | some local sites. Besides paying for the content I like
         | sponsoring them so they can keep doing the thing they do.
         | 
         | But usually those sites are the ones I open at least once a day
         | to see what's new. I don't want to pay for every clickbait I
         | visit.
        
       | wbobeirne wrote:
       | There are a lot of complications to this, but I'm optimistic that
       | eventually this will be a more common user experience.
       | 
       | 1. Credit card vendors have flat fees that will eat up a whole
       | transaction if it's too small. For instance, strip has a flat 30c
       | fee. This means the only reasonable way to do this is to have a
       | user pre-pay a large sum and reduce from that, or to batch their
       | transactions and extend them some credit. The former dissuades
       | people from making a payment at all, and the latter runs the risk
       | of bounced charges or users never purchasing enough to justify
       | the charge.
       | 
       | 2. There is no universal payments API. Browsers are starting to
       | work on this with the w3c web payments standard
       | https://www.w3.org/Payments/ but this is just for user input. You
       | still have to work with companies like Stripe or PayPal to then
       | actually make the charge.
       | 
       | 3. Dark patterns are more successful. You see this with a lot of
       | game currencies. By forcing users into larger purchases, you can
       | get them to justify spending more (e.g. bundling multiple items
       | into one package, maybe with "discounts") and if you sell your
       | own currency, you can make the values not add up evenly so that
       | the user has leftover balance that they perceive as being
       | "wasted" unless they buy more.
       | 
       | I work on a web extension that provides a javascript API for
       | making payments using the Bitcoin Lightning network:
       | https://lightningjoule.com/. I really love the possibilities that
       | small payments open up, and have been working to smooth out the
       | UX of having to confirm a payment every time:
       | https://medium.com/@wbobeirne/introducing-joule-allowances-2....
       | However it's still a long way from any mainstream adoption.
        
       | finm wrote:
       | My two cents: https://www.finmoorhouse.com/writing/micropayments
       | 
       | The bottom line is network effects, I think.
        
       | Finnucane wrote:
       | Fees? Sure, a service might charge you a small rate per email,
       | but are they going to charge you for just one email at a time?
       | Probably not. But that could easily be a problem for a news site.
        
         | wppick wrote:
         | I guess there would need to be a 3rd party or even in house
         | token system where you buy something like 1000 token for a
         | dollar. And you can spend x tokens to view an article. Online
         | advertising like Google ads is essentially doing this for ad
         | views/clicks
        
           | Finnucane wrote:
           | I suppose a news site could offer monthly billing based on
           | usage rather than a flat fee. Surely someone has tried it.
           | But then, consider all the pay sites that are linked here on
           | HN that you might only look at occasionally.
        
           | quickthrower2 wrote:
           | PayPal could easily offer this sort of thing, along with the
           | integrations for news sites etc.
        
             | bserge wrote:
             | Yeah, I'm surprised Paypal has fallen so much. They were a
             | pioneer in online payments, they used to offer Patreon-
             | style subscriptions that could be integrated on any
             | website, they'd automatically transfer the monthly fee to
             | your account, but damn the interface was extremely
             | confusing and buggy, I wonder if it got any better...
        
       | smithza wrote:
       | The idea is akin to a driver going through a modern toll. They
       | take a photo of your license plate and send you a bill in the
       | mail after looking it up in the state registry. For those who
       | registered (have an express RFID chip or similar), that process
       | is cheaper and you get a cheaper bill that is summed up each
       | month/quarter.
       | 
       | To stay strictly with the analogy, 1) what is our online license
       | plate? 2) how would one send a bill after translating license
       | plate to home address?
       | 
       | To me, these are fundamental web browser capability deficits. Tim
       | Berners-Lee envisioned this and put some HTTP response codes in
       | the registry with a _TODO_ bookmark and never got around to it or
       | something like that. It is possible but we will have to call in
       | the committee.
        
       | ericnolte wrote:
       | Is the Brave browser a pseudo-solution to this problem? It can
       | hold a crypto coin balance and either collect more of it through
       | advertisements or pay it out to publishers like news sites.
        
         | jasonv wrote:
         | Brave doesn't have enough market share to matter for this, so
         | far.
         | 
         | This was revealed in a recent HN thread where webmasters shared
         | the browser breakdown for their traffic.
        
         | 0-_-0 wrote:
         | Why _pseudo_ -solution?
        
       | GekkePrutser wrote:
       | I'm kinda happy they're not. It'd be much harder to track
       | expenses that way, and literally everyone would be constantly
       | asking for money.
        
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