[HN Gopher] USN AN-1 Submarine Aircraft Carrier (2018)
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       USN AN-1 Submarine Aircraft Carrier (2018)
        
       Author : luu
       Score  : 116 points
       Date   : 2021-01-19 23:43 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.hisutton.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.hisutton.com)
        
       | throwaway6734 wrote:
       | I imagine we'll see a return to this idea now that drones are
       | becoming more ubiquitous.
        
         | krisoft wrote:
         | It is already a thing. Cruise missiles are basically pilotless
         | airplanes. They have wings, they have air breathing engines,
         | they navigate and manoeuvre like an airplane (bank to turn most
         | of them for example).
         | 
         | Cruise missile carrying submarines are a staple of the US
         | strategy. Every significant engagement starts by such a
         | submarine rolling in and unleashing the cruise missiles to
         | suppress the enemy air defences. And again the cruise missiles
         | are pilotless aircraft in everything but name.
        
           | saberdancer wrote:
           | Cruise missiles do not return to base. Also I don't know of
           | any cruise missile that is used for reconnaissance but I may
           | be uninformed. Are any cruise missiles launched and then
           | flown around until you notice something of interest to sink?
           | 
           | Problem with using a cruise missile for recon is that it
           | looks exactly like a missile.
        
             | tyingq wrote:
             | _" I don't know of any cruise missile that is used for
             | reconnaissance"_
             | 
             | https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/us-navy-raytheon-
             | de...
             | 
             | Sounds like it "works", but I don't know that it was
             | practical enough for any real field use.
        
             | openasocket wrote:
             | > Are any cruise missiles launched and then flown around
             | until you notice something of interest to sink?
             | 
             | Sort of, there are loitering munitions which essentially
             | hang out until they find a target and then engage it. The
             | IAI Harpy from the late 80s is a pretty good example. It's
             | an anti-radiation missile, meaning it locks on to enemy
             | radar signals and uses that to home in and destroy them,
             | degrading enemy air defenses. Usually an aircraft would
             | have to detect an enemy radar signal and then fire the
             | missile. With the Harpy, you simply fire it and it hangs
             | around, potentially for 2 hours, waiting until it detects
             | an radar signal, at which point it engages.
             | 
             | The tomahawk missile in theory could be capable of
             | loitering behavior. It already has a 2-way datalink,
             | allowing it to send information back to a controller and
             | the controller to send commands to the missile. It even has
             | a camera and can transmit images back to the controller,
             | which I believe is used for bomb damage assessment. All you
             | would need to do is add some sort of seeker device to the
             | missile and some software modifications.
        
             | platz wrote:
             | AFAICT, the planes AN-1 planes might as well not either;
             | the article doesn't mention landing at all.
        
               | stretchcat wrote:
               | The article mentions they were VTOL, e.g. vertical take
               | off _and landing_. They were to land vertically on their
               | tails. It 's not a very good idea, particularly with the
               | technology of the time, but a few projects were
               | experimenting with it. The X-13 Vertijet is an example
               | from the 1950s.
        
             | nix23 wrote:
             | >Are any cruise missiles launched and then flown around
             | until you notice something of interest to sink?
             | 
             | No they don't, but they can change the target in flight,
             | flight evasive maneuvers, coordinate each others and so on,
             | but they are missiles and not Drones.
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | It's a flexible distinction. Loitering munitions and
               | combined ISR+kinetic portable weapons are a major focus
               | area for medium to small militaries, and consequently as
               | a product for arms exporters.
               | 
               | The key benefit is providing tactical situational
               | awareness for militaries that may not have such a
               | capability at the strategic level (e.g. optical
               | satellites, high endurance drones, air superiority).
               | 
               | Israeli and Turkish systems were used in the recent
               | Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict.
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loitering_munition
               | 
               | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=9V9mbC-Esmg
        
           | nix23 wrote:
           | >And again the cruise missiles are pilotless aircraft in
           | everything but name.
           | 
           | No you mean drones not missiles, an aircraft is not made to
           | explode, one exception:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yokosuka_MXY-7_Ohka
        
             | stretchcat wrote:
             | The Germans also had the Fi 103R which their test pilots
             | flew a few times but was never put into combat.
             | 
             | As for the reuse of drones, the first drone was a radio
             | controlled de Havilland DH.82 (named _Queen Bee_.) This
             | drone, and most subsequent drones until fairly recently,
             | was a gunnery target drone. It 's job was to be shot down
             | in training, and was only made to fly once (like a drone
             | bee, which dies after mating) The term 'drone' implied a
             | single terminal flight until some years later, when it also
             | came to refer to reusable unmanned aircraft in general.
        
           | m463 wrote:
           | > Cruise missile carrying submarines
           | 
           | At first glance I interpreted this the other way.
           | 
           | Yet it still might be interesting to drop a reconnaissance
           | submarine from a passing cruise missile.
        
             | munificent wrote:
             | _> At first glance I interpreted this the other way._
             | 
             | This is why English has a guideline that compound
             | adjectives preceding a noun should usually be hyphenated:
             | 
             | Cruise-missile-carrying submarines.
        
             | VLM wrote:
             | Cruise missile delivered mine is something to think
             | about... Plenty of close in guns and missiles to prevent
             | direct attack, yet you could very rapidly area-denial an
             | area with cruise missile delivered mines.
             | 
             | If a naval patrol covers more than two hours per leg, they
             | can deny incoming missiles from directly hitting a carrier
             | or whatever but they can't deny missiles incoming 100 miles
             | away at the same time. Either way it prevents the carrier
             | from operating in the area.
        
         | WJW wrote:
         | Drones launched from submarines are already a thing:
         | https://www.defensenews.com/naval/2020/12/07/the-us-navy-wan...
         | 
         | They use tubes for launching flares and buoys that the subs are
         | already equipped with, and perhaps in the future also the
         | larger vertical missile tubes for bigger drones.
        
       | MichaelMoser123 wrote:
       | i wonder how much money gets wasted on these failed
       | explorations/projects.
        
         | jjk166 wrote:
         | Probably not a lot, paper is cheap. Typically a concept like
         | this is explored by a team of 6-10 engineers over the course of
         | 3-6 months, and they may work on multiple projects
         | simultaneously.
         | 
         | Even if the project doesn't move past the concept phase, there
         | can still be developments along the way that make it into other
         | projects. Further, if a concept is abandoned because it is not
         | technically feasible, identifying that it can't be done also
         | identifies the limits of what currently can be done, which is
         | good for determining research goals.
         | 
         | The cost of such a project should also be compared to the
         | alternative: it's much cheaper to work through a design on
         | paper and finding it's a dead end than to commit to something
         | without that evaluation and find out 80% of the way through
         | building it that it's a dead end.
        
         | mojomark wrote:
         | > i wonder how much money gets wasted on these failed
         | explorations/projects.
         | 
         | Failure is not a waste of money if lessons are learned. The
         | value is in the lesson. As anyone whosed developed a
         | reinforcement learning application knows, there is a balance
         | between EXPLORATION and EXPLOITATION. If you don't explore,
         | your performance will never improve. This is true even if 99%
         | of the explored states are failures.
         | 
         | I suppose if one doesn't want to invest in exploration, one
         | could always join an Amish township. They are very content and
         | apparently happy with their perpetually static state of
         | technological development - and there's nothing wrong with that
         | until someone with a missile comes in to take over your land
         | amd all you have to fend them off with is a hay fork.
        
           | b3kart wrote:
           | > if lessons are learned
           | 
           | This is the key statement. Even in reinforcement learning
           | exploring _intelligently_ is an important problem. There's no
           | point exploring a new state if your world model is confident
           | about what's going to happen there: you won't learn much.
        
         | 0xdba wrote:
         | having worked for multiple dod contractors that did prototypes,
         | lots.
         | 
         | Sad part is lots of the good ideas get culled when some head
         | honcho doesn't like the dpt. it came from, or where the funding
         | came from, because politics.
         | 
         | Lot of warfighters/ppl who are actually going to use the
         | systems/products give us good feedback and then some O-6 comes
         | on and doesn't like it or doesn't understand it.
        
         | cripblip wrote:
         | I look at these explorations as eliminating concepts that don't
         | work, bringing you closer to finding the one that does;
         | necessary investment
        
       | neom wrote:
       | Mustard did a fascinating episode about the Japanese version:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gxyk84t4Q8w
        
         | TheGallopedHigh wrote:
         | Mark Felton did cover that as well on YouTube.
        
       | mcguire wrote:
       | Spoiler: Tail-sitting vertical take off and landing aircraft.
        
       | nix23 wrote:
       | The Belgorod makes much more sense:
       | 
       | http://www.hisutton.com/Spy%20Subs%20-Project%2009852%20Belg...
       | 
       | BTW: One can find it here:
       | 
       | Google Maps 64.58557915035752, 39.817968886716
       | 
       | Next to the only typhoon still in ~service
       | 
       | 64.57990365204542, 39.791519636530744
        
       | GekkePrutser wrote:
       | Wow... All the weird stuff they come up with.
       | 
       | And sometimes it actually gets made. Like the Glomar Explorer.
       | Wow.
        
       | ksec wrote:
       | Sounds like Tuatha de Danaan in Full Metal Panic.
        
         | Symmetry wrote:
         | Or the UEF Atlantis in Supreme Commander.
        
         | Y_Y wrote:
         | What's that Irish mythology don't in there?
        
         | Y_Y wrote:
         | What's that Irish mythology doing in there?
        
       | cm2187 wrote:
       | How do they land? Or are they disposable aircrafts? Also the
       | whole point of a submarine is to stay stealth until it is
       | required. Which means the pilots would get very little flight
       | time / training.
        
         | stretchcat wrote:
         | They were to be VTOLs, so _very carefully_.
        
         | LordHeini wrote:
         | The Japanese and British used float planes.
         | 
         | I would assume the project was scrapped because it is basically
         | impossible to land on a submarine.
         | 
         | It is hard enough to land a helicopter on a ship with a proper
         | flight deck. But landing a much less stable VTOL on a tiny
         | submarine without any sizeable flight deck in the 60s was
         | completely out of the question.
        
           | pge wrote:
           | The cylindrical hull that makes submarines efficient under
           | water makes them roll a lot when on the surface. That would
           | make it very difficult to handle planes (whether taking off
           | or landing).
        
           | TeMPOraL wrote:
           | > _But landing a much less stable VTOL on a tiny submarine
           | without any sizeable flight deck in the 60s was completely
           | out of the question._
           | 
           | Hey, it was the 1960s. The times when people pulled off
           | stunts like dropping a payload less than a meter wide from a
           | satellite and catching it mid-air[0], without anything
           | resembling a computer available to design or coordinate such
           | missions. I'm pretty confident they could get a VTOL to land
           | on a submarine, if they seriously put their minds to it.
           | 
           | --
           | 
           | [0] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_(satellite)
        
             | LordHeini wrote:
             | Well i am sure you can find some daredevil who can do such
             | a landing under the right conditions.
             | 
             | But the military requirements are such, that good
             | conditions are not the norm.
             | 
             | There are missions in harsh weather (and weather at sea is
             | a completely different animal compared to weather on land
             | or in the air at a few kilometers height).
             | 
             | Up in the sky the conditions are stable and picking up a
             | parachute with an aircraft is something you can easily
             | retry a few times when you fail.
             | 
             | Missing the landing on a submarine results in a sunken
             | aircraft (and possibly pilot).
             | 
             | Pilots have varying skill levels and are expensive to train
             | just look at training requirements for the people landing
             | on aircraft carriers.
             | 
             | If you look at loss rates of military aircraft in any
             | period you will find, that a astonishing portion of the
             | losses are due to accidents.
             | 
             | Landing a hard to control VTOL on a small spot on a
             | submarine (which itself is somewhat small and thus
             | unstable) will cause a tremendous amount of attrition among
             | the aircraft and pilots.
             | 
             | It is just far more efficient to shot a cruise missile at a
             | target, than going through the hassle of having aircraft
             | drop a bomb and then return with a low chance of survival.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | I accept your reasoning. Still, I raise you a C-130 with
               | rocket engines bolted to it.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Credible_Sport
               | 
               | It's a 1980s idea, though.
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | Hawker Siddeley Harrier (1967) was a VTOL that could have
             | done this, although I don't think even Eric Brown was quite
             | mad enough to try it.
             | 
             | He did try the "rubber flight deck", an equally crazy
             | scheme: why not save weight on landing gear by having a
             | rubber deck just after the arresting gear, so the aircraft
             | would catch the hook and belly-flop onto it?
             | 
             | https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/blog/david-hobbs-british-
             | air...
        
             | rtkwe wrote:
             | Well the payload itself was small but they were aiming for
             | the line between the payload and it's parachute which is a
             | much larger target.
        
             | HPsquared wrote:
             | Don't forget they landed on the moon as well. Raw power can
             | compensate for a lot of shortcomings in other areas!
        
           | tragomaskhalos wrote:
           | The Japanese I-400s were originally fitted with float planes,
           | but these became fire-and-forget kamikaze aircraft by the end
           | of the war (planned attack on the Panama canal that never
           | happened).
           | 
           | The Germans had an autogyro that was let out on a cable from
           | the U-boat, used for spotting. Not sure if this ever saw
           | production / combat, but IMO that's already at the limit of
           | what is sensible in submarine aviation.
        
             | briffle wrote:
             | They actually did attack Oregon with a similar setup (but
             | an I-25 submarine) . They dropped some incendiary bombs on
             | the forests near Bandon, OR hoping to cause massive fires,
             | damage war critical timber production, etc.
             | 
             | I guess they didn't think about how hard it is to start a
             | forest fire on the Oregon Coast in winter though.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-25#Fourt
             | h...
        
           | rupellohn wrote:
           | > ... landing a much less stable VTOL on a tiny submarine
           | without any sizeable flight deck in the 60s was completely
           | out of the question
           | 
           | Reminded me of this incident where a Royal Navy Harrier
           | landed on a container ship.
           | https://www.airspacemag.com/military-aviation/oldies-amp-
           | odd...
        
           | daveslash wrote:
           | Float planes... that could work. Land on the water _next_ to
           | the submarine, then get towed back into the sub by a winch.
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | Nope. Here it is, the Ryan X-13.[1] First VTOL jet. Landed
           | tail-first and hooked itself to a raised platform. As a demo,
           | one was landed at the Pentagon in 1957.
           | 
           | If there had been a need, a fleet of VTOL-fighter carrying
           | submarines would have been built. The USSR never built a navy
           | which required something like this to counter it.
           | 
           | I came across this in my days in aerospace, and an ex-Navy
           | fighter pilot at work said he didn't see that landing as a
           | difficult task.
           | 
           | [1] https://youtu.be/xT38UcpHFXY
        
       | zanderz wrote:
       | On the subject of aircraft launched from a submarine, a rotary
       | winged kite was developed in Germany during WWII for
       | reconnaissance. Compact when disassembled, it could be deployed
       | in minutes, tethered to the sub while it motored upwind, allowing
       | a lookout to see much farther over the horizon:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focke-Achgelis_Fa_330
       | 
       | Examples are on display at many museums, including the Deutsches
       | Technikmuseum in Berlin.
        
       | mikece wrote:
       | I seem to recall in the late 80s and early 90s the idea of
       | submarines being able to launch surface to air missiles being
       | discussed. If you're a sub and a helicopter is dipping a sonar,
       | you know exactly where the helo is but you cannot shoot at it,
       | even if you surfaced. The idea, as I recall, was to release some
       | buoyant device that, when it surfaced, would launch 1 to 4 SAMs
       | that would go into active seek mode and then lock in on whatever
       | flying object they found. Lots of things can go wrong with this
       | idea... which is probably why nothing has been in the military
       | media about it.
        
         | secfirstmd wrote:
         | That's a thing that's being implemented at the moment.
         | 
         | https://defense-update.com/20120214_idas-submarine-launched-...
         | 
         | Russians used to keep shoulder launched SAMs also. Less useful
         | for obvious reasons though.
        
           | semi-extrinsic wrote:
           | From your link:
           | 
           | "The fiber optical link would then be used by the crew to
           | verify the target, confirm the intercept and perform battle
           | damage assessment."
           | 
           | This thing is literally dragging a fiber optic cable behind
           | it, with a sensor package that is apparently left behind at
           | the sea surface when the missile transits into the air, that
           | allows the submarine to see the helicopter target before and
           | after missile impact, and to abort the missile strike if
           | necessary.
        
         | willvarfar wrote:
         | Yes, its fairly mainstream these days. Most subs have SAMs, or
         | manpads. To pick a classic example, this article on the same
         | site about Typhoon
         | http://www.hisutton.com/The%20REAL%20Red%20October%20-%20Typ...
         | says there are manpads in the sail.
         | 
         | British and Israeli subs experimented with blowpipe slaved to
         | the periscope, which was a truly useless SAM. Those kinds of
         | details are buried in the articles on that site :)
         | 
         | I'd guess that the idea isn't so much to actually sneak up on
         | aircraft, but rather to give them something to evade while the
         | sub tries to make its escape.
        
         | openasocket wrote:
         | Now that you've got submarines with vertical launch cells like
         | the latest Virginia class I've wondered about some of the
         | possibilities. Since those are capable of holding Tomahawks,
         | they certainly are large enough to hold an SM-2 or SM-6 SAM
         | missile (though I doubt they could fire those unmodified).
         | Having a submarine with long range SAMs open up some
         | interesting tactics. You detect a bunch of enemy fighters
         | sortieing out to engage one of your ships with an airborne
         | early warning aircraft or fighter on a long range patrol. All
         | of a sudden, way before they enter range of your ship's SAMs, a
         | submarine surfaces, launches a bunch of SAMs, and the aircraft
         | that detected the enemy fighters guides them to targets using
         | cooperative engagement. With this technique all you need is a
         | submarine and a fighter or early warning aircraft and you
         | effectively get a guided missile destroyer which is profoundly
         | hard to detect. Fighter might be a better choice, so it can
         | chase off ASW helos and aircraft without needing the submarine
         | to surface and waste some of its own SAMs.
         | 
         | Lots of things can go wrong of course, and I'm sure it would
         | take a ton of engineering effort to make it happen, but it's
         | certainly an interesting concept.
        
           | aerostable_slug wrote:
           | This was one of the operational concepts for Lockheed's Sea
           | Shadow.
           | 
           | The Outer Air Battle was keeping Navy planners up at night,
           | so the idea of laying a clandestine SAM trap far out in front
           | of the carrier battle group seemed like a really attractive
           | idea. Using a combo of LPI radar and data links from other
           | sensors for targeting, the low observable ships could be in
           | just the right spot to surprise that regiment-sized raid of
           | Backfires with a bunch of missiles fired from VLS cells.
        
       | yangl1996 wrote:
       | The Japanese Navy had similar ideas [1] in WWII. The plan was to
       | sail undetected to near the west coast, launch the planes, and
       | drop some biological weapon. Basically the predecessor of today's
       | missile-carrying submarines.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-400-class_submarine
        
         | redis_mlc wrote:
         | The Japanese used balloons that drifted into the US West Coast
         | with incendiary devices, killing at least 6 Americans:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fu-Go_balloon_bomb
         | 
         | https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/1945-japanese-balloon...
         | 
         | They used various payloads in China, including fleas carrying
         | anthrax and bubonic plague
         | 
         | http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2017-09/19/content_321872...
        
         | rozab wrote:
         | Here's a good video on these from Mustard:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gxyk84t4Q8w
         | 
         | They have loads of content on weird military hardware like
         | this.
        
         | Y_Y wrote:
         | > "Some biological weapon"
         | 
         | It was a box of plague fleas.
         | 
         | See also: Operation Cherry Blossom at Night
        
         | gerdesj wrote:
         | Read the article, specifically the section headed: "Earlier
         | aircraft carrying submarines".
        
       | lmilcin wrote:
       | For everybody that criticizes this, remember, every successful
       | idea is accompanied with a bunch of wild and crazy ideas and it
       | usually takes time to figure out which ones exactly are good.
       | 
       | I expect that somebody said at some point, "Planes on ships? That
       | must be the stupidest idea I have ever heard!"
       | 
       | It is easy to criticize with the help of hindsight. Most people
       | at a certain point would say a page to connect school peers would
       | never become one of the largest corporations on Earth. Were all
       | these people stupid or is this just effect of having seen it
       | happen?
        
         | Aerroon wrote:
         | > _I expect that somebody said at some point, "Planes on ships?
         | That must be the stupidest idea I have ever heard!"_
         | 
         | I don't know about that. Before the invention of the airplane
         | we already had balloon carriers - ships that carried balloons
         | for observation in naval engagements.
         | 
         | The first flight of a fixed wing aircraft happened in 1903. By
         | 1910 a plane had already taken off from the armored cruiser USS
         | Birmingham.[0] The French converted the Foudre to be a seaplane
         | carrier in 1911 after the invention of the seaplane in 1910.
         | 
         | Planes launched from ships were used in World War I. For
         | example, HMS Engandine was a freight ship that was converted
         | into a seaplane tender and commissioned in 1914. In 1916 she
         | took part in the Battle of Jutland. HMS Ark Royal was a purpose
         | built seaplane carrier and was commissioned in 1914. She also
         | took part in World War I.
         | 
         | Later we got the flat-deck carriers. HMS Argus was converted in
         | 1918, USS Langley in 1920. The first purpose built flat deck
         | carriers were the Japanese Hosho and British Hermes. They were
         | commissioned in 1922 and 1924 respectively, but the Hermes was
         | laid down first in 1918.
         | 
         | Funnily enough, the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 cancelled
         | the production of more battleships and battlecruisers. This led
         | to the USS Lexington and USS Saratoga being converted to
         | carriers. And eventually carriers made direct surface combat
         | ships obsolete.
         | 
         | Planes on ships probably wasn't a crazy idea.
         | 
         | [0] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Birmingham_(CL-2)
        
           | lmilcin wrote:
           | I am not versed in that part of history. Probably you are
           | right, it might not have been that crazy idea.
           | 
           | But I have read a lot of other history, especially WW2 and
           | Cold War, and it is kinda normal that military throws a lot
           | of crazy ideas. In the end even if a very small portion of
           | those ideas bring fruit it typically tends to give the edge
           | that you need in conflict.
           | 
           | So I try to not criticize too much because people who
           | prepared this were probably asked to do exactly that -- go
           | wild with their ideas with low probability anything they
           | produce is going to bring fruit.
           | 
           | At the time this submarine aircraft carrier has been
           | prepared:
           | 
           | - Cold War was at its high
           | 
           | - US just started using atomic power for everything they did
           | and it seemed nuclear reactors and atomic power are going to
           | solve any problem from going very long time under sea to
           | having planes reach orbit and other planets
           | 
           | - US had nuclear bombs but had trouble maintaining ability to
           | reach USSR territory with them. Having ability for a
           | submarine surface close to USSR territory and launch
           | completely unexpected attack would be huge advantage and
           | deterrent
           | 
           | - US did not have working ICBMs and only perception that USSR
           | is leading in development of these, so there must have been
           | huge pressure to get ANYTHING to maintain deterrent.
           | 
           | Now, given that kind of environment this idea doesn't sound
           | so stupid anymore. At least not more stupid that warships
           | made of ice and wood chips.
        
       | Giorgi wrote:
       | Yeah, getting from underwater confinement and blasting into the
       | air should do works on your health
        
         | stretchcat wrote:
         | Submarines like that do not use pressurized atmospheres. They
         | hold back the water pressure using the strength of the hull
         | alone. (Also the aircraft would be launched when the submarine
         | was surfaced.)
        
           | TheGallopedHigh wrote:
           | Holding back the sea pressure is implicitly holding the
           | submarine at atmospheric pressure.
        
       | mojomark wrote:
       | As someone working on ship design for a few decades I can attest
       | that this site is an amazing resource for whacky concepts and
       | also new concepts, internationally, that were/are being
       | experimented with but were/are fairly under wraps. I have no idea
       | where the owner gets the info from - probably scraped off of
       | remote corners of the web (non-english posts), but a few times a
       | year someone sends me a link to this site and something
       | inevitably blows my mind. A lot of times very good concepts are
       | abandoned due to a technology gap (e.g. control computers,
       | materials limits, etc.) that no longer exist.
       | 
       | I think our industry likely owes a great deal of debt to the site
       | owner for helping to consolidate and document this history so we
       | don't waste time/money reinventing the wheel (saving us from
       | iterative condemnation).
        
         | sandworm101 wrote:
         | It looks like Russians send him stuff. Nothing really
         | classified, but things like the photos of desktop models seem
         | to come from people visiting various offices or agencies. Some
         | Russian military facilities also run unofficial tours (whatever
         | pays the bills) resulting in photos of stuff that would
         | normally be behind locked doors/gates. His satellite imagery is
         | all unclassified, mostly stuff available via google. You just
         | have to know what you are looking at.
         | 
         | Covert Shores has such a reputation in the maritime community
         | that he could probably just knock on the door and get a tour of
         | their non-classified material. Old/scrapped subs are often just
         | sitting on bases forgotten.
        
         | samstave wrote:
         | I've always wondered how one gets into ship design...
         | 
         | I worked with a guy who was a technology designer for
         | billionaire level yachts, David Person - he worked on both of
         | Larry Ellison's yachts (and houses) - but the yachts were made
         | in Germany..
         | 
         | but how does one actually become a ship designer?
        
           | s5300 wrote:
           | I'd presume in this modern time most are probably born with
           | the connections, but aside from that... probably attempting
           | to cold-contact everybody related to the profession you can
           | find?
        
           | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
           | Naval Architecture is a degree at quite a few schools around
           | the world. A lot of people seem to learn on the job though
           | under apprenticeship like relationships.
        
             | caycep wrote:
             | MIT has some amazing exhibits of this stuff in one of their
             | main buildings; not sure if they still have that degree
             | offered. I want to say US MMA or something like that might
             | have a program.
        
         | ranger207 wrote:
         | IIRC he does all of his original art in Paint too.
        
       | melomal wrote:
       | Honestly, after watching Dark Doc's on YT I have to say that the
       | military is totally open to the most craziest ideas as long as it
       | has the potential to raise their game.
       | 
       | Whilst the nature of the engineering is pretty awful and causes
       | unwarranted pain it does make you think about the level of
       | creativity to cause as much damage as possible.
        
         | sslayer wrote:
         | It's less "engineering is pretty awful" and more "What risk are
         | we willing to accept vs tactical/strategical gain"
        
           | melomal wrote:
           | It really is. The level of confidence from test pilots to
           | initial designers to firstly propose ideas and then have
           | someone sit inside and try it out is pretty interesting too.
        
         | munificent wrote:
         | I think the real take-away is that the boundary for "good idea"
         | is determined almost entirely by funding. The military has such
         | a firehose of cash that they can throw money at almost anything
         | and see what sticks.
         | 
         | If we spent $718.69 billion on art funding every year, you'd
         | probably see artists making skyscrapers out of butter or
         | genetically cross-breeding birds and mammals for creative
         | speciation.
        
       | arithmomachist wrote:
       | Given that carriers are increasingly boxed out from shore by
       | anti-ship missiles and drones are a lot smaller than crewed
       | aircraft, I wonder if this design concept is due for a revival.
       | 
       | I could imagine drones launched vertically with single-use rocket
       | boosters that would then land on the water for retrieval. You
       | could get much closer to shore than a carrier while still
       | carrying out a pretty effective air strike, especially with
       | several subs.
        
         | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
         | Reusability creates a lot more complexity vs just cruise
         | missiles. Current generation US attack subs have multi-purpose
         | tubes that can launch underwater drones, etc. So they are
         | designed for some flexibility, but the main use is just
         | tomahawk missiles.
        
         | AnimalMuppet wrote:
         | Apart from the "reusable" part, your proposal sounds a lot like
         | cruise missiles, which subs can and do launch. True, reusable
         | is nice. But a cruise missile can also carry a lot bigger
         | payload than a reusable drone can.
        
       | jessaustin wrote:
       | Didn't everyone design one of these while doodling on the back of
       | a notebook while bored in third grade? Several of my classmates
       | came up with more plausible designs... If it takes three engines'
       | thrust to take off vertically, one engine won't be able to land
       | vertically, even if we ignore the only-recently-solved- _now_
       | control issues.
        
         | HPsquared wrote:
         | Not sure about 3 times less, but planes are usually lighter
         | when they come in to land, than they are taking off. (Fuel etc)
        
         | wil421 wrote:
         | Harriers, F-35s, and Ospreys are all VTOL aircraft that
         | could've launch from a sub. The other airplanes have only one
         | engine and the osprey 2. They already land vertically on
         | carriers.
         | 
         | I don't think the image in the article would've worked where
         | planes take off going straight up without additional thrusters.
        
       | sradman wrote:
       | Based on the same Covert Shores article, a Popular Mechanics
       | article [1] has more TL;DR context in the title, _The U.S. Navy
       | Could Have Had a Submarine Aircraft Carrier_ , and opening:
       | 
       | > During the 1950s, the advent of the atomic age forced the U.S.
       | Navy to look at a number of alternate basing schemes for naval
       | aviation. One such scheme was AN-1, an enormous nuclear-powered
       | submarine that could launch eight fighter jets in just under
       | eight minutes.
       | 
       | > Although AN-1 was never built, it's a fascinating look at a
       | ship that could have been.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/navy-
       | ships/a252415...
        
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