[HN Gopher] 'Seven Sisters' Myths May Reach Back 100k Years
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       'Seven Sisters' Myths May Reach Back 100k Years
        
       Author : akamoonknight
       Score  : 378 points
       Date   : 2021-01-17 07:17 UTC (15 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (singularityhub.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (singularityhub.com)
        
       | mellosouls wrote:
       | It's a nice theory but sometimes simpler, less glamorous
       | solutions might hold the truth.
       | 
       | There are more than 6 "sisters" visible with the naked eye, but
       | most people normally can't see them.
       | 
       | It's more believable to me that the "missing" 7th sister is just
       | the brightest of the less visible ones.
       | 
       | Those less visible would certainly have been used as a test of
       | prowess for determining the keenest-eyed, especially among early
       | societies where such skills were important.
       | 
       | "Ah, but can you find the hiding sister?"
        
         | imglorp wrote:
         | A third possibility is one of the stars used to be much
         | brighter for whatever reason.
         | 
         | Ancient drawings would help locate the 7th star. One would
         | think star charts are a natural subject for inscriptions
         | predating written language.
        
           | throwaway894345 wrote:
           | I would think these astronomers would have considered that
           | possibility. One thing to note is that stars were probably
           | less important prior to the advent of agriculture, at which
           | point tracking the seasons became important.
        
         | throwaway894345 wrote:
         | I share your skepticism--myths don't seem very durable in
         | general. Comparative linguists have reconstructed some proto-
         | info-european myths, but those are probably in the vicinity of
         | 8k years old or perhaps even younger (certainly nowhere near
         | 100k years) and they're already about as generic as these 7
         | sisters myths. The only thing that gives me some respite from
         | my skepticism is that celestial myths likely have more
         | durability given the relative stability, ubiquity, and
         | importance of the night sky (it's one of the strongest cultural
         | touchstones that ancient people had). That said, I have a
         | really hard time believing that even celestial myths have 100k
         | years of durability, and it seems like there must be simpler,
         | more plausible explanations (like yours).
        
         | autocorr wrote:
         | Although it would super cool for the story to have a common
         | ancestor across huge swaths of land and time on Earth, I think
         | this has a higher likelihood of being correct.
         | 
         | There are several stars in the 5-6 magnitude range close to the
         | limits of human vision in the Pleiades. Seven is also often a
         | sacred number. We also have precedent for cultures such as the
         | Greeks and Arabs using double stars to test vision, namely
         | Mizar and Alcor[1,2]. The typical limiting magnitude for
         | unaided vision is about 6 under perfect conditions, but some
         | people with exceptional vision can see to mag 7.
         | 
         | So it seems highly plausible that most people could only see
         | six, but they knew there were about 7 because some sharp-eyed
         | people could see them and would tell them so.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mizar_and_Alcor#Test_of_eyesig...
         | [2]
         | https://www.surveyophthalmol.com/article/S0039-6257(08)00119...
        
         | ramraj07 wrote:
         | If true then at least one of the stories should sound in that
         | vein right?
         | 
         | Let's consider your rule itself, though first modifying it to
         | the real occams razor which says the simplest answer is
         | probably the real one. Simple is probably more measurable than
         | glamor anyway! So what's the simpler of the two explanations? A
         | complex variation of the story as we now know independently
         | arose in multiple cultures and then everyone forgot the same
         | detail (find the seventh star it's still there), or we've been
         | carrying this story with us since the beginning of humanity?
         | Honestly the later sounds simpler to me. It's breathtaking but
         | sounds entirely plausible so why not?
        
           | tsimionescu wrote:
           | Actually the second version seems to make more novel
           | assumptions. We have no (other?) proof of any cultural
           | phenomenon older than maybe 50k years ago even existing,
           | never mind being passed on. To imagine such a specific story
           | surviving for such a huge amount of time while being
           | disconnected from reality seems MUCH more unlikely than
           | having similar stories arise independently about a hard to
           | see but still visible star.
           | 
           | Also, Occam's razor says nothing about which explanation is
           | more likely to be correct. It is simply a sensible rule about
           | which explanation is more useful to go with when you have two
           | that explain the same facts equally well. It's a pretty clear
           | rule in physics when you have actual mathematical models to
           | chose between, it's much too hand-wavy in the soft sciences
           | like anthropology.
        
           | mellosouls wrote:
           | I don't agree obviously - the seventh sister _is_ there, and
           | not every story has her missing.
           | 
           | And a common early eye-test seems far simpler and more
           | believable than a common myth that possibly predates by tens
           | of thousands of years the start of contemporary cognitive
           | parity within our species.
        
         | pferde wrote:
         | Agreed. When hiking in mountains, on some nights the sky is so
         | clear, air so still and light pollution so low that I can
         | easily discern eight or nine "sisters" there. Such nights are
         | usually in summer, but less frequently also during other
         | seasons.
         | 
         | Of course, in or near large cities, seeing five or six of the
         | "sisters" is about the best one can hope for.
        
           | BurningFrog wrote:
           | Of course, until a few centuries ago, there was no light
           | pollution at all, if you stepped away from the campfire.
        
       | dash2 wrote:
       | Here is another story about myths being extremely persistent:
       | 
       | https://www.economist.com/science-and-technology/2020/02/27/...
       | 
       | Amazing if true. I got the impression, when I studied (a little)
       | anthropology in the 1990s, that myths were related to the present
       | structure of a society more than to its past, and that you
       | couldn't expect reliable transmission of messages over such long
       | time periods.
       | 
       | Edit: here is a cool article about geomythology -
       | https://web.stanford.edu/dept/HPS/MayorGeomythology.pdf
        
         | wombatmobile wrote:
         | Your expectations are a function of what you know and your
         | experiences. In your case, those are dominated by your
         | immersion in literate cultures that rely on written
         | communication formats for information transmission and
         | archiving, not to mention education.
         | 
         | But what if all that knowledge and experience of writing
         | technology and writing based culture were to vanish? What would
         | you be then? Helpless? Lost? Isolated?
         | 
         | Actually, no. You'd still be capable of advanced
         | communications, education, and data storage, using alternative
         | modalities.
         | 
         | It's like pre-internet humans. They still went out on dates,
         | met up with friends, gossiped and bought things. They just
         | accomplished all that with different tools to what people use
         | today.
        
         | sibeliuss wrote:
         | Jung, amongst others, believed that myths are archetypal
         | constructs that underpin the architecture of the mind, and are
         | shared by all, which explains much about the uncanny cultural
         | similarities across time and space.
        
           | Garlef wrote:
           | I don't think we need this kind of hocus pocus to explain
           | this.
           | 
           | Frist candidate for an explanation:
           | 
           | * Stories get passed on and some are surprisingly stable.
           | 
           | Second candidate for an explanation:
           | 
           | * The underpinnings of the architecture of the mind cause the
           | same stories to (re?)surface everywhere.
           | 
           | Let's use occams razor.
           | 
           | (I don't claim this argument disproves the "theory" of
           | archetypes. But we should not jump to conclusions when
           | applying it out of context.).
        
             | nobody9999 wrote:
             | >* Stories get passed on and some are surprisingly stable.
             | 
             | That's reasonable. While certainly far from proven, the
             | Black Sea Deluge Hypothesis[0] posits the possibility that
             | the "Great Flood" story, which is part of many ancient
             | traditions (and long predates Abrahamic[1] religions) _may_
             | be from an oral tradition recounting a flood occurring at
             | the end of the last glaciation in Eastern Europe and
             | Western Asia.
             | 
             | While that story certainly isn't anywhere near 100,000
             | years old, if true, it does add credence to the stability
             | of oral traditions over long periods of time.
             | 
             | [0]
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea_deluge_hypothesis
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abrahamic_religions
             | 
             | Edit: Clarified hypothesized location of the Black Sea
             | Deluge.
        
             | Tistron wrote:
             | What is the difference between your second point and
             | "archetypes"?
        
               | sibeliuss wrote:
               | Precisely
        
           | dash2 wrote:
           | Right, but that would not explain why they are also similar
           | to the actual facts. As an example, from the Stanford
           | article:
           | 
           | "... debate raged in the nineteenth century over Native
           | American legends that seemed to contain ancestral memories of
           | mastodons hunted until their extinction in the Ice Age 10,000
           | years ago. The possibility was supported by twentieth-century
           | archaeological discoveries of mammoth kill sites that matched
           | local tribal lore about elephant-like monsters."
        
       | otabdeveloper4 wrote:
       | > ... May Reach Back 100k Years
       | 
       | Or may not.
       | 
       | One important fact: people get accolades and sometimes even
       | direct monetary incentives for finding something that is
       | supposedly "oldest of".
       | 
       | Nobody gets famous or rich by revising "oldest of" dates to a
       | more recent timeline.
        
         | ncmncm wrote:
         | You miss the point.
         | 
         | They could as easily have been seven geese, seven pebbles,
         | seven lakes, seven boats, seven eyes, seven villages, seven
         | brothers... But they are almost everywhere, instead, seven
         | sisters, across ten thousand miles and fifty millennia.
         | 
         | If the story is _not_ that old, how did they so frequently turn
         | out sisters? Morphic resonance? Without, you are left with
         | nothing but a mystery. Citing a common tradition draws on the
         | _least_ far-fetched explanation, as science demands.
         | 
         | The same applies to stenciled handprints on cave walls from
         | Spain to Sulawesi, and as many millennia.
        
           | akiselev wrote:
           | They're anthropomorphising the stars as gods, people, and
           | animals that are familiar to them. Families with seven
           | sisters in a tribe of 150 was probably a relatively common
           | occurrence, far more familiar than animals traveling in
           | groups of seven (none that I can think of that do so
           | globally) or gods in a group of seven who they'd have to have
           | previously imagined or imagine anew upon identifying the
           | constellation.
           | 
           | Convergent evolution is very common in biology, which has
           | many more degrees of freedom. Why not in culture too?
        
             | ncmncm wrote:
             | Notions of "convergent evolution" and "degrees of freedom"
             | fatally undermine your argument.
             | 
             | Culture has overwhelmingly more degrees of freedom than
             | biology, which is constrained by needs to survive and also
             | reproduce. Culture can sustain things like Scientology,
             | Anime, and Froot Loops, in some places even simultaneously.
             | Similarly, convergent evolution occurs only where
             | environmental forces, such as a precise ecological niche,
             | drive development into a very narrow range of possibilities
             | with radically limited degrees of freedom.
             | 
             | In the total absence of any such constraints, the only
             | viable explanation for detailed similarity across vast
             | distances and dizzying time spans is common heritage.
        
           | throwaway894345 wrote:
           | Maybe there are other traditions where these stars are geese
           | or brothers or villages or starbucks baristas but the authors
           | are cherry-picking those cultures where they are women?
           | Indeed, I would be surprised if there weren't, and if there
           | really are no other such stories then I would be surprised
           | that the authors don't mention that explicitly since that
           | would be give enormous weight to their position.
           | 
           | Also, TFA only says that the aboriginal stories _seem_ to
           | predate European contact, but which is more plausible: that
           | we found a story that is ten times older than the oldest
           | previously reconstructed myth or that we were wrong and the
           | aboriginal story is actually influenced directly or
           | transitively by some European culture (or some other culture
           | which had a similar myth)? This depends on the evidence back
           | the "seems to predate European contact" claim.
        
         | idlewords wrote:
         | This is a profound insight and finally explains why history
         | keeps getting longer.
        
       | dwighttk wrote:
       | Sure Pleione and Atlas used to be a little farther apart, but
       | Maia and Taygeta are were also closer together according to their
       | chart. Why could they tell the latter apart when we can't tell
       | the former?
        
         | nabla9 wrote:
         | The distances are very similar but Pleione is much dimmer than
         | either Maia or Taygeta.
         | 
         | Apparent magnitudes:                  Pleione 4.77 - 5.50
         | Taygeta 4.30              Maia    3.87
         | 
         | (Apparent magnitude is a measure of the brightness of a star or
         | other astronomical object observed from Earth, it's inverse
         | logarithmic so smaller number is brighter)
        
         | idlewords wrote:
         | I am sorry to say you might have to go read the linked paper,
         | where this is discussed. The upshot is, visually distinguishing
         | two stars is a function of both their proximity and relative
         | brightness.
         | 
         | https://www.dropbox.com/s/np0n4v72bdl37gr/sevensisters.pdf?d...
        
           | nabla9 wrote:
           | I am sorry to say that after reading the paper, I found no
           | discussion of this matter.
        
             | idlewords wrote:
             | "A second factor, called "glare function" by physiologists,
             | is what prevents you from seeing details next to car
             | headlights pointing at you. The glare function depends on
             | the dynamic range and psf of the human eye. Imperfections
             | in the human eye give it a psf which has a broad base a few
             | arcmin wide (Ginis et al., 2012), which in turn limits the
             | dynamic range. As a result, faint stars cannot be seen
             | within a few arcmin of bright stars...
             | 
             | Pleione is five arcmin from the star Atlas, which is about
             | four times brighter than Pleione, and the resulting glare
             | from Atlas prevents most people from seeing Pleione."
        
           | dwighttk wrote:
           | gotcha
        
       | reducesuffering wrote:
       | I'm surprised the article didn't mention one of the most popular
       | names for the "Seven Sisters," Subaru, the Japanese name and
       | vehicle manufacturer whose logo contains six of the stars.
        
         | dade_ wrote:
         | This has made the brand very popular with lesbians. Subaru has
         | capitalized on it well.
         | 
         | https://medium.com/th-ink/how-subarus-became-the-car-for-les...
        
         | progre wrote:
         | Subaru does not translate to "seven sisters" (or even six
         | sisters) so bringing up Subaru would undermine the claim of the
         | article
        
           | washadjeffmad wrote:
           | No, but the radicals in Mao  (pleiades) are "sun", repeat,
           | and "at same time".
           | 
           | So even if we're being very literal, "the one with the two
           | stars at the same time" is an accurate description of both
           | the hidden sister story and the cluster.
        
           | reducesuffering wrote:
           | Not directly. Translation would be "to govern" or "gather
           | together", but Subaru is one of the constellation's names in
           | Japan, like it would also be called Pleiades in the West,
           | deriving from "plein", meaning "to sail."[0]
           | 
           | [0]https://web.archive.org/web/20100411083646/http://www.suba
           | ru...
        
             | fireattack wrote:
             | I think his point is while Subaru does mean Pleiades in
             | Japanese (actually came from Chinese), it (the name) has
             | nothing to do with "seven sisters".
        
               | jcims wrote:
               | >nothing to do with "seven sisters"
               | 
               | I don't see anyone claiming that Subaru means seven
               | sisters. It's just another name for the same
               | constellation.
        
               | dannyw wrote:
               | I don't follow. The logo literally has six stars, which
               | is the subject of what we are discussing here.
        
               | jeofken wrote:
               | They've identified the same stars, but do the Han or
               | Korean or Japanese have a story about 7 sisters?
        
               | jhvkjhk wrote:
               | Chinese have a story called Tian Xian Pei , where a fairy
               | maiden married to a mortal. That girl is called seventh
               | fairy, as she's the last of 7 sisters.
               | 
               | So it is very similar to the lost Pleiad, but the seventh
               | fairy is taken back by her god father.
        
               | szatkus wrote:
               | Doesn't look like. According to Japanese Wikipedia they
               | used to be also called Liu Lian Xing  ("group of 6
               | stars", I think?).
        
               | nulbyte wrote:
               | Subaru itself cited[1] Kojiki literature from the 8th
               | century when talking about the origin of its name.
               | 
               | [1]: https://web.archive.org/web/20100411083646/http://ww
               | w.subaru...
               | 
               | Unfortunately, trying to find anything more online, such
               | as what exactly the Kojiki says about them, doesn't seem
               | to yield much.
        
         | jug wrote:
         | "The six of the stars" are in fact all the stars. :)
        
       | not_knuth wrote:
       | I can't help but feel that some combination of the Birthday
       | paradox [0] and primates churning out stories [1] is going on
       | here.
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birthday_problem [1]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinite_monkey_theorem
        
         | eMGm4D0zgUAVXc7 wrote:
         | Can you explain why this is related to the birthday paradox
         | please? I don't get it, sorry! :)
        
         | gostsamo wrote:
         | What accounts for the missing sister though? If the seventh
         | sister was last visible 50000-100000 years ago, how the myths
         | are trying to account for it now without the memory?
        
           | sfifs wrote:
           | Based on the analysis, it is very likely that the 7 stars
           | were more distinctly visible but then gradually became harder
           | and harder to see upto about 30-40k years ago. So cultures
           | started making stories for why it disappeared. The fact that
           | the stories of why the seventh sister disappeared seem
           | different across cultures may possibly indicate the cultures
           | had already separated when that happened.
        
           | lordnacho wrote:
           | Perhaps there was a long time where people with slightly
           | better eyesight could tell them apart while others couldn't,
           | or when atmospheric conditions would obscure it. That might
           | seed stories of the last sister being missing or coming and
           | going.
        
             | gostsamo wrote:
             | We need numbers to calculate the likeliness of such
             | scenario, but you just change the scale of the time from
             | 100000 to let's say 30000 years.
        
           | bencollier49 wrote:
           | I think the idea of the 100,000 years of memory is plausible,
           | but I think it's likely to persist because the number seven
           | seems to be universally important to humans.
           | 
           | People _could_ potentially have superimposed the number seven
           | on the story, as per the rainbow 's seven colours and Newton.
        
             | gostsamo wrote:
             | Since when is 7 important though? The species didn't have
             | much of a math up until 5000-10000 years ago.
        
               | josefx wrote:
               | That is an interesting claim, the wikipedia articles
               | about the history of math claim that the earliest written
               | examples are from 3000 BCE. Finding a written record
               | older is rather unlikely since that corresponds roughly
               | to the oldest written texts in general. We do however
               | have evidence of tally marks that date back to 35000
               | BCE[1] with one use possibly being a lunar calendar.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tally_marks
        
               | SSLy wrote:
               | >Since when is 7 important though?
               | 
               | Since one moon phase takes that long.
        
               | chmod775 wrote:
               | I'm going to go out on a limb here and claim that humans
               | have been able to count since _before_ you 'd consider
               | them human.
               | 
               | Lots of animals are able to count and it's ridiculous to
               | assume that any individual with even a rudimentary
               | language wouldn't be able to.
               | 
               | With which I mean to say that you don't need a formal
               | understanding of 'mathematics' to count.
               | 
               | Further there's nothing mathematically super special
               | about the number 7. You might say "it's a prime, and also
               | X, Y, Z", but there's pretty much an infinite number of
               | properties you could find for any number you choose.
        
       | copperwater69 wrote:
       | I've been reading 'Worlds in Collision' by Immanuel Velikovsky -
       | interesting book if you're drawn to comparative mythology.
        
         | yowlingcat wrote:
         | What do you make of it? I've been meaning to read it in part to
         | make sense of mythological treatments of Saturn.
        
       | jsrjenkins wrote:
       | Fool The reason why the seven stars are no more than seven is a
       | pretty reason.
       | 
       | KING LEAR                   Because they are not eight?
       | 
       | Fool                   Yes, indeed: thou wouldst make a good
       | fool.
       | 
       | (Shakespeare, /King Lear/, I, v)
        
       | sgt wrote:
       | Never heard of the seven sisters story, or if I did I might have
       | forgotten about it. Do kids learn about this in school nowadays?
       | Seems like it should be taught considering the potential age of
       | the story.
        
         | yreg wrote:
         | We had a very kid-friendly book of ancient Greek myths[0] as
         | part of mandatory reading (actually one of the first books I've
         | read) and it includes this story.
         | 
         | It's a great way of learning -- basically a fairy tale
         | compilation, but the fairy tales are worthy of learning about.
         | Also, the reader learns much about the historical setting.
         | 
         | Would be amazing to write/popularize similar books on other
         | cultures as well. Perhaps the Judge Di series[1] about an 18th
         | century Chinese detective comes close to that.
         | 
         | [0] Stare grecke baje a povesti
         | https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/16057997-star-gr-cke-b-j...
         | 
         | [1] Judge Dee https://www.goodreads.com/series/50669-judge-dee-
         | chronologic...
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | > Perhaps the Judge Di series[1] about an 18th century
           | Chinese detective
           | 
           | No, the series is from the 18th century. Di Renjie lived in
           | the 7th century.
        
             | yreg wrote:
             | You are right of course, thanks. I got a call as I was
             | finishing my comment and didn't pay enough attention to
             | what I'm typing.
        
             | _emacsomancer_ wrote:
             | Most of the series is from the 20th-c., based on the 18th
             | century novel (about 7th-century detective).
        
       | hyperpallium2 wrote:
       | TFA is speculative fiction - just enjoy!
       | 
       | 100,000 year old stories would predate behavioural modernity,
       | thought to have emerged 80,000 years ago.
       | 
       | Maybe eyesight was better 80,000 years ago, so the seven were
       | discernable to the naked eye - combined with zero light and air
       | pollution. OTOH maybe we'll find further evidence to push back
       | behavioural modernity.
        
         | andrewflnr wrote:
         | Based on an academic article by the same author linked down-
         | thread, the 100k year number is derived from when he thinks
         | humans migrated from Africa. If you think that happened closer
         | to 80kya (wiki estimate is around 60kya), I don't think that
         | changes the fundamentals much.
        
         | dash2 wrote:
         | Possibly, but the author has gathered quite a bit of evidence
         | for it. Here's his 2017 academic paper on the topic, along with
         | much else: https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-
         | cambridge-core/c...
        
       | ssr2020 wrote:
       | I found this text from religios text(Islamic) Although the star
       | of Sureyya(pleiades) is many stars, Arabs call Sureyya as a star.
       | It is a community of seven stars. Six of them are visible and one
       | is hidden. People test their eyesight by seeing or not seeing it.
       | 
       | And Islamic history is 1400 years old.
        
         | dotancohen wrote:
         | From which text is this? If you are well versed in Arabic star
         | lore, then I would be interested to discuss with you.
        
       | 74d-fe6-2c6 wrote:
       | fascinating - but I can't make out those three stars in a row
       | (the guys sitting in the boat) from the constellation depicted
       | below. Neither for 2020 nor 100'000 BCE. Also not from
       | Stellarium. Weird.
        
         | scatters wrote:
         | Orion's Belt? It's one of the most recognizable constellations
         | (or parts thereof).
        
           | 74d-fe6-2c6 wrote:
           | true - the canoe is interpreted into orion - my mistake
        
         | jeofken wrote:
         | Would you maybe share a screenshot from Stellarium?
        
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       | johndoe42377 wrote:
       | Bullshit. We know nothing and have literally no way to know (only
       | speculate) about anything 10k years ago.
       | 
       | Besides, every text is being altered at each rewrite (before
       | printing technology) and even no story is told two times exactly
       | the same.
       | 
       | Any decent scholar of ancient texts will tell you that. Indian
       | ancient literature is the canonical case study.
        
         | yowlingcat wrote:
         | > Bullshit. We know nothing and have literally no way to know
         | (only speculate) about anything 10k years ago.
         | 
         | I think you're missing the mark here. Advances in
         | archaeogenetics and newly found well preserved specimens have
         | added an enormous amount of detail and color into the origins
         | of anatomically modern humans, even in the past decade or two.
         | I mean, the stone age itself began 2.6 million years ago, and
         | we found that out through archaeological evidence.
        
       | odyssey7 wrote:
       | And the story's key theme of a missing sister, presented as a
       | missing star in the sky, is apparently as salient as ever. Even
       | today in the year 2021, countless people have come together (in
       | their contemporary medium) to wonder and speculate.
        
       | jelliclesfarm wrote:
       | In Indian astrology, the lunar mansion of Krittika is the same as
       | Pleiades.
       | 
       | In Vedic astrology, there are 12 houses and 27 lunar mansions or
       | nakshatras. They are the daughters of Daksha, one of the
       | progenitors of humans. He was also responsible for the
       | procreation of the universe, stars, gods, demons and all things
       | living.
       | 
       | The world is born and destroyed again and again. One day of the
       | creator is one epoch. When he closes his eyes to sleep and rest,
       | a great flood engulfs all the worlds he has created and erases it
       | all.
       | 
       | He dreams up the next world and when he wakes up, he assigns a
       | progenitor to recreate that world. Daksha was one such
       | progenitor.
       | 
       | He gave his 27 daughters in marriage to Chandra, the moon god.
       | Each one of them is a lunar mansion..or part of what we see as a
       | constellation of star in the night sky. The moon visits each one
       | of them every night. That's why the lunar calender month is 27.
       | There is also a 28th sister who disappeared.
       | 
       | The third daughter is Krittika whose mythology is tied to
       | pleiades. The story goes that Agni, the fire god was the
       | representative of all the gods in heaven. When anyone made a
       | sacrifice, it had to be made to agni who will take it to the
       | heavens and distribute it to all the other gods.
       | 
       | All sacrifices to gods were shared amongst them all and the
       | blessings from the gods will be divided equally amongst those who
       | made the sacrifices. They were consigned to the flames of agni
       | and agni ate up the sacrifices.
       | 
       | Agni was beautiful and resplendent. He was also single and
       | because of his nature coveted everything and ate everything.
       | Every epoch has Seven Sages. They were the ones who represented
       | humans and made sacrifices on their behalf.
       | 
       | The Seven Sages each had a wife. And Agni coveted them all. His
       | flames of desire leapt higher and higher at the sacrifices as he
       | wanted the seven wives for himself. There is also a verse in the
       | vedas that says Agni is the fire with seven tongues. seven
       | flames.
       | 
       | Unbeknownst to Agni, one other daughter of Daksha was infatuated
       | with him. She watched him with unblinking eyes as his flames
       | danced for the seven pious wives of the sages. The desire he
       | could never reach. Just like her...because he didn't even notice
       | her.
       | 
       | Her name was Swaha. Being a celestial herself, she had the power
       | to shape shift. So one day, she changed her form to resemble the
       | first of the wives. Agni was delighted. They snuck to a celestial
       | magical grove and had a jolly good time. The next day, Swaha took
       | the form of the second wife and went back to their love nest. And
       | again and again. She has taken the form of all six of wives. But
       | try as she might..she couldn't transform into the seventh one.
       | 
       | Anusuya..the wife was Sage Atri was so chaste that even by
       | sleight of hand and in someone's imagination, she couldn't be
       | seen as the illicit lover of a man who wasn't her husband.
       | 
       | So now the secret was out. Swaha was reprimanded and Agni is now
       | smitten with Swaha. But the lovers are together now. The alter
       | egos Swaha created were left behind in the celestial grove but
       | because they can't wander in a world where the real wives
       | existed, they were prisoners inside the glorious celestial grove.
       | 
       | Swaha didn't trust Agni still and insisted that she will be
       | present too at all sacrifices made to agni henceforth so he
       | wasn't making side eyes at the sages wives. She becomes the
       | gaping mouth of agni who will swallow all the sacrifices. That's
       | why..even today..all sacrificial fires are fed with incantations
       | that end with 'swaha'. It is not a sacrifice if Swaha isn't
       | present.
       | 
       | Meanwhile the six shadow wives live in the grove called
       | Saravana.(sara = thicket of reeds. vana = grove/forest. it was a
       | forest with lakes and a lot of water bodies with thickets of
       | reeds) Shiva and Parvati start visiting it for their love making.
       | Their lovemaking created a spark so bright and hot that it
       | couldn't be contained in any of the worlds. It was dropped in the
       | cooling waters of Sara Vana. There the krittikas each picked a
       | piece of it and raised them as six babies. When the children were
       | old enough, they merged as one. With six heads and twelve arms to
       | become the warrior god, Muruga aka Kartikeya. The one who came
       | from the krittikas.
       | 
       | The sisters feel that they have nothing else to do and ask that
       | they become stars in the heavens. So muruga flings them into the
       | skies and they become the pleiades cluster. They become one. They
       | are now known as Krittika.
       | 
       | Many snapshot predictions are possible when krittika star is
       | present in astrological chart. The mythology helps me remember
       | them. Without going into details, Elon musk..for example..has a
       | prominent Krittika. And the snapshot techniques archetype fits
       | perfectly. There are many examples.
       | 
       | Tesla, for example..has a moderately similar chart to Elon
       | Musk(and so it was a neat coincidence his star company is called
       | Tesla..they share the same Birth date too altho diff years.)..but
       | it shifts by one nakshatra pada which took his life in an
       | entirely different direction even though they shared ascendents.
       | 
       | I like to think that we are all living in a simulation. And I
       | would very much like astrology to be the code that hacks it. But
       | who knows? I am just reading and learning for now. I don't know
       | exactly what astrology is but I am certainly not dismissive of it
       | anymore.
       | 
       | Anyways..that's the Krittika/Pleiades myth in Indian mythology.
        
         | mssundaram wrote:
         | Thank you for sharing. Also Murugan comes from the Pleiades,
         | thus his name Kartikeya
        
       | sradman wrote:
       | The Pleiades[1], also known as the Seven Sisters:
       | 
       | > It is among the star clusters nearest to Earth... and is the
       | cluster most obvious to the naked eye in the night sky.
       | 
       | Only six stars in the cluster are visible to the naked eye yet
       | mythology from several ancient cultures share the idea that one
       | of the seven "sisters" is hidden. The article _The world's oldest
       | story?_ , originally published in TheConversation [2], states:
       | 
       | > The star Pleione... was a bit further away from Atlas in
       | 100,000 BC, making it much easier to see.
       | 
       | These two stars now appear as one to the naked eye which the
       | author proposes is the source of the hidden sister. This dates
       | the story to 100 kya.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleiades
       | 
       | [2] https://theconversation.com/the-worlds-oldest-story-
       | astronom...
        
         | jelliclesfarm wrote:
         | Pleiades myth of the sisters come from Babylonian star
         | catalogues:
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonian_star_catalogues
         | 
         | [..] Babylonian astronomy collated earlier observations and
         | divinations into sets of Babylonian star catalogues, during and
         | after the Kassite rule over Babylonia. These star catalogues,
         | written in cuneiform script, contained lists of constellations,
         | individual stars, and planets. The constellations were probably
         | collected from various other sources. The earliest catalogue,
         | Three Stars Each, mentions stars of Akkad, of Amurru, of Elam
         | and others. Various sources have theorized a Sumerian origin
         | for these Babylonian constellations, but an Elamite origin has
         | also been proposed.[..]
         | 
         | MUL is 'three stars each' and Pleiades was a cluster of stars
         | which is 'star of stars'. MUL.MUL. While star was depicted as
         | three star(looks like three asterisks), Pleiades was
         | represented as twice that.. two MULs or six stars.
         | 
         | This could be the reason why Pleiades was depicted as six stars
         | even though the cluster has more than 6. Everything came to us
         | from Sumerians tho'
         | 
         | On Sumerian constellations and star names:
         | 
         | http://members.westnet.com.au/gary-david-thompson/page11-4.h...
         | 
         | (I am still reading up on this. Haven't completed..but pinning
         | the link for ref here if anyone is interested)
        
         | credit_guy wrote:
         | Wait a second, this doesn't sound right. According to your
         | wikipedia link, the "Seven Sisters" constellation actually has
         | 9 stars (named after the 7 sisters + parents). They are all
         | visible with the naked eye.
        
           | 0_____0 wrote:
           | idk about you but when i look at it I see 6. been trying to
           | spot #7, no luck so far.
        
             | pegasus wrote:
             | I imagine hunter-gatherers, whose life depended on their
             | eyesight acuity, would be find it easier to spot than most
             | modern humans do.
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | They also probably didn't Netflix subscriptions so the
               | only way to entertain themselves was "Star look and
               | chill."
        
               | comboy wrote:
               | Plus light pollution and air pollution. Maybe some other
               | changes in the atmosphere. And very careful looking. You
               | don't need lenses, just looking through a hole in a leaf
               | could be helpful.
        
               | pegasus wrote:
               | For skeptical downvoters: http://darwinian-
               | medicine.com/the-perfect-eyesight-of-hunter...
        
             | lolinder wrote:
             | Do you live in the middle of nowhere, far away from any
             | light pollution? If not, your inability to see more than 6
             | means nothing about what someone 2000 years ago would have
             | been able to see.
        
               | dotancohen wrote:
               | Not the OP, but I have been observing the naked eye sky
               | for decades from many different locations, including
               | locations far from light pollution. In my best nights,
               | when I was young, and far from light pollution, I could
               | never make out more than 6 stars. And I'm able to spot
               | Alcor very easily, even in suboptimal conditions.
        
               | 0_____0 wrote:
               | no matter where I am, if i have the night sky, I check
               | for Pleiades and take note of how many I can see.
               | sometimes it's fewer than 6 depending on light pollution,
               | but I have never been able to see 7, even on nights in
               | deeply rural areas where the milky way is stunningly
               | bright and clear.
        
           | nsilvestri wrote:
           | Being technically visible to the naked eye does not mean they
           | are easily discernable. It's like how the Galilean moons are
           | technically visible to the naked eye, but Jupiter's
           | overwhelming brightness makes them nigh on impossible to see
           | except in specific circumstances.
        
             | lolinder wrote:
             | Right, but that they are ever visible to anyone means that
             | the story could just as easily be inspired by the rarely-
             | seen 7th sister, rather than the last-seen-100k-years-ago
             | 7th sister.
        
           | sradman wrote:
           | The abstract of the preprint [1] starts:
           | 
           | > There are two puzzles surrounding the Pleiades, or Seven
           | Sisters. First, why are the mythological stories surrounding
           | them, typically involving seven young girls being chased by a
           | man associated with the constellation Orion, so similar in
           | vastly separated cultures, such as the Australian Aboriginal
           | cultures and Greek mythology? Second, why do most cultures
           | call them "Seven Sisters" even though most people with good
           | eyesight see only six stars?
           | 
           | Most people see six bright stars, like those depicted in the
           | Subaru logo. Yet, you are quite correct to point out that the
           | overlapping stars in question, Atlas and Pleione, are named
           | after the parents of the seven sisters in Greek mythology.
           | Six-vs-Seven or Eight-vs-Nine are valid criticisms and raise
           | the question of when the names of the stars were first used.
           | 
           | The narrative-based approach is imprecise but, like
           | Historical Linguistics [2], it might be useful in identifying
           | origins and connectedness. Regardless, knowing that the
           | bright stars Atlas and Pleione were separated in the past is
           | a useful fact for generating and testing hypotheses.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.dropbox.com/s/np0n4v72bdl37gr/sevensisters.pd
           | f?d...
           | 
           | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_linguistics
        
           | tiagod wrote:
           | The pleiades are a cluster, not a constellation.
        
             | umanwizard wrote:
             | What is the difference?
        
             | SkittyDog wrote:
             | From the WP article, under "Folklore and Mythology": "Some
             | Greek astronomers considered them to be a distinct
             | _constellation_ , and they are mentioned by Hesiod's Works
             | and Day..." (emphasis mine) So it would appear that they
             | are both. FWIW, I have no idea if there is some
             | astronomical technical jargon distinction between
             | "constellation" and "cluster" that inspires your comment.
             | But to this layman, your correction comes across as
             | pedantix and unnecessary. The term "constellation" is
             | clearly valid, here, as common everyday English is spoken.
        
               | cedilla wrote:
               | There is a difference: a constellation is an area of the
               | sky where some stars appear to belong together to form an
               | image. Their actual distance may be vast.
               | 
               | A cluster on the other hand actually is a group of stars
               | that formed from the same material and are thus very
               | close to each other.
               | 
               | So there is a difference, but it's only a problem to
               | interchange the terms the other way round.
        
           | vivekd wrote:
           | I wonder if this means there is something we are missing
           | here. Like maybe there was a 10th star in the cluster long
           | ago that for some reason is no visible to us today
        
       | heikkilevanto wrote:
       | Seven is a common story-telling number. Seven days in a week,
       | sailing the seven seas, the seven wonders of the world, the seven
       | continents, seven deadly sins, etc.
        
         | JohnJamesRambo wrote:
         | It would be pretty odd to add one they couldn't see though,
         | right?
        
           | lolinder wrote:
           | Yes, but as has been noted multiple times in this thread,
           | there are more than 6 visible stars in the cluster. They're
           | just not visible at all times of year, and certainly
           | impossible to see for most of us who live in/near cities.
        
             | dotancohen wrote:
             | This is not true. The Pleiades cluster looks the same all
             | year round.
             | 
             | Depending on how one defines the limit of what can be seen,
             | there are either 0 stars, or 6 stars, or 9 stars, or
             | hundreds. But only someone with very, very exceptional
             | eyesight under very, very exceptional conditions can
             | actually see seven stars but not nine.
             | 
             | Source: I've been observing the cluster, and the sky as a
             | whole, for decades. I'll draw the locations of the six
             | notable stars just as easily as some will draw the big
             | dipper. And I've never, in decades of observing under many
             | different conditions from different latitudes, ever seen
             | seven stars.
        
               | cgriswald wrote:
               | I think the underlying question is, "Can Pleione be
               | observed with the naked eye today?"
               | 
               | > And I've never, in decades of observing under many
               | different conditions from different latitudes, ever seen
               | seven stars.
               | 
               | This really only tells us about you. Even if your vision
               | is 20/20, your experience doesn't preclude the
               | possibility of someone else discerning Pleione. And if
               | they can, that ability can definitely be determined by
               | time of year; which affects not only where the Pleiades
               | are in the sky ( _e.g._ how much air mass you 're looking
               | through), but also things like turbulence and humidity.
        
         | VintageCool wrote:
         | Seven colors.
         | 
         | There is a whole spectrum of color, but there are only a
         | handful of colors that most humans distinguish and talk about.
         | It has always seemed odd to me that we elevate Indigo into the
         | spectrum of named colors.
         | 
         | However, Newton was fond of the occult, and numerology, and the
         | number seven. He wrote papers about appearances of the number
         | seven in the Bible.
         | 
         | I think that Newton made Indigo an official color just to bring
         | the number up to 7.
        
         | tiborsaas wrote:
         | Why did you stop at 6 examples?
        
           | tome wrote:
           | Seven is a common story-telling number                   1.
           | Seven days in a week         2. sailing the seven seas
           | 3. the seven wonders of the world         4. the seven
           | continents         5. seven deadly sins         6. seven
           | sisters         7. the seven canonical examples
        
         | Anthony-G wrote:
         | The old tropes are the best and continue to reincarnate in new
         | forms, e.g, _Hary Potter: Why 7_
         | 
         | https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/106582/harry-potte...
        
         | njharman wrote:
         | 7 days (and almost certainly the cultural popularity of 7) is
         | due to there being 7 regular, unique moving make eye objects in
         | sky.
         | 
         | Sun, moon, mars, Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, mercury.
         | 
         | https://astronomy.com/news/2020/01/why-does-a-week-have-seve...
        
       | sundarurfriend wrote:
       | This reminded me of a theory came up with as a teenager, that the
       | Vaanaraas of Ramayana (a group to which the famous "monkey god"
       | Hanuman belongs) may actually be an early hominid that had ape-
       | like features, that lived in parallel with humans in different
       | territory. They were intelligent enough to help the human princes
       | in their quest, which got them a place in their story - a story
       | which went on to become an oral tradition, and got embellished
       | with time to become the Ramayana. If, as proposed here, stories
       | can be orally passed down for tens of thousands of years, that
       | makes it slightly more likely that this outlandish theory
       | actually has some merit to it.
        
         | iamsb wrote:
         | Interesting but I doubt it. Vaanaras do not appear prominently
         | in any of epics/puranas following Ramayana. Only Hanuman is
         | present in Mahabharata and he is clearly living a solitary life
         | when he meets Bheem.
         | 
         | By no means expert, so happy to be proven wrong.
        
           | sundarurfriend wrote:
           | That's an interesting point (no idea why you've been
           | downvoted for it). I have a few theories why that might be:
           | 
           | 1. Groups like these were more likely to survive if they were
           | isolated and not occupying territory that the (presumably)
           | more sophisticated Homo Sapiens coveted, so maybe they just
           | didn't get interacted with otherwise. Rama had a Vanavasa
           | (forest-living) and a generally weird out-of-pattern life for
           | the time, so had a slightly higher chance of encountering
           | them.
           | 
           | 2. If people in later stories did come in contact with them,
           | they were probably trying to expand their territories or
           | otherwise conquer the land. In that case, the stories are
           | going to mythologize them as savage Asuraas, to give further
           | justification to the conquests.
           | 
           | 3. We only have a few stories, of unknown time origin,
           | remaining out of hundreds of thousands of stories told by
           | different groups in different places over the millenia. So
           | even if a significant portion of the stories featured
           | Vaanaraas, it's plausible they might all have been lost
           | before they could reach us.
           | 
           | 4. In particular, given that such groups were declining in
           | numbers over time, and the fact that more recent stories are
           | more likely to survive, it makes sense that stories featuring
           | them are more likely to have been forgotten and lost to time.
        
           | jelliclesfarm wrote:
           | There is also Jambavan who appears in both Ramayana and
           | Mahabharata. Jambavan's army fought alongside the Vanara army
           | in Ramayana.
           | 
           | Even though he is depicted as part of the monkey army, he was
           | really known to be a bear. A bear like giant creature.
           | 
           | He appears again in Mahabharata as the possessor of the
           | Syamantaka Gem that was stolen and was in his possession.
           | They live in a cave and hidden from the rest of the people.
           | He is defeated by Krishna and he accepts defeat. He also
           | offer Krishna his daughter Jambavati's hand in marriage.
           | 
           | In the Puranas ..after the Ramayana war, all the monkeys and
           | bears who lost their lives were brought back to life and they
           | returned to their abode. Mahabharata is to have happened in a
           | different yuga.
           | 
           | Hanuman keeps appearing in all puranas because he is
           | Chiranjeevi..one without death. And hence more of an
           | archetype than a character in every yuga.
        
         | tikwidd wrote:
         | This might not be quite as outlandish as it sounds, because we
         | now have plenty of evidence that early humans were living
         | alongside and interacting with other archaic homo species.
         | 
         | I have a pet (similarly highly speculative) theory that the
         | Nephilim[1] of the Bible might be a earlier oral history of
         | Neanderthals. But I'll just leave it at that, speculation.
         | 
         | [1]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephilim
        
           | pcmaffey wrote:
           | I also have a theory that the Titans were the gods of
           | Neanderthals.
        
           | EdwardDiego wrote:
           | Huh, I have that same pet theory.
        
             | generalizations wrote:
             | And same.
             | 
             | I believe there's also a theory that the neanderthals were
             | smarter than our ancestors of the time. That would also fit
             | the story. I can imagine the _homo sapiens_ of the time
             | interacting with the far stronger and smarter neanderthals
             | and describing them as  'sons of god'. I wonder if that's
             | also where the old Greek myths of Hercules (etc) came from.
        
               | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
               | "Sons of god" is a translation of the Hebrew by non-Jews
               | and is just plain incorrect. It gets passed around as
               | legit probably because it enforces the idea that Christ
               | is a son of God.
               | 
               | But If you ask Jews, who wrote that section of the Bible,
               | benei elokim translates as something like "those who are
               | free":
               | 
               | "Who or what exactly are the benei elokim? Who are the
               | nephilim? How are they related to each other? And what
               | does it all mean?
               | 
               | One thing benei elokim does not mean is "sons of G-d." In
               | fact, Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai would "curse" anyone who
               | translated the term benei elokim as the "sons of G-d."1
               | The word elokim in Scripture, while generally referring
               | to G-d, is in essence merely an expression of authority.2
               | Similarly, the term benei does not necessarily mean
               | "sons," but is often just a title. Benei chorin, for
               | example, means those who are free--not "sons of freedom."
               | 
               | https://www.chabad.org/parshah/article_cdo/aid/1987422/je
               | wis...
        
               | generalizations wrote:
               | That was an interesting read. Thanks. I'm not sure how
               | the linked article expresses more than an alternate
               | translation, though. It says that _benei_ doesn 't
               | "necessarily" translate to sons, which doesn't rule out
               | the translation but merely suggests an alternative. The
               | word _elokim_ also refers generally to God, as it says,
               | but can be translated differently. It 's an interesting
               | alternative, but the claim that the translation "sons of
               | god" is specifically wrong only seems to be based on the
               | declaration of a single earlier source.
               | 
               | > It gets passed around as legit probably because it
               | enforces the idea that Christ is a son of God.
               | 
               | I've never heard of that before. Not sure where you would
               | have, or how it even does reenforce that idea.
        
               | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
               | > how it even does reenforce that idea.
               | 
               | It reinforces "Christ as the son of God" because, if the
               | phrase is translated as "sons of God", that sets a
               | precedent in the Old Testament that God has sons. The
               | Jews do not believe God has sons. Christians do. So it is
               | in the best interest of Christian translators to
               | translate that phrase as "sons of God".
               | 
               | > but the claim that the translation "sons of god" is
               | specifically wrong only seems to be based on the
               | declaration of a single earlier source.
               | 
               | No, I only provided one source (Chabad), but there are
               | many others, including all Jewish translations of the Old
               | Testament (Torah) from the original Hebrew to English.
               | You'll never see it translated as "sons of God" in a book
               | translated by Jews.
        
               | spijdar wrote:
               | > You'll never see it translated as "sons of God" in a
               | book translated by Jews.
               | 
               | Do the 70 Jewish authors of the Septuagint not count? In
               | the LXX, it clearly reads "oi uioi tou Theou", "the sons
               | of God". The LXX precedes Christianity by quite some
               | time.
        
               | tyfon wrote:
               | Now I am confused, maybe because I am not religious.
               | 
               | But I have always been under the impression that the
               | christians claim jesus is the only son of their god?
               | 
               | Wouldn't other sons conflict with this and not reinforce
               | it?
        
               | _Microft wrote:
               | Well, actually it is a bit more complicated than just God
               | having a (or more than one) son:
               | 
               | ,,The Christian doctrine of the Trinity [...] holds that
               | God is one God, but three coeternal and consubstantial
               | persons: the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ), and the Holy
               | Spirit. The three persons are distinct, yet are one
               | ,substance, essence or nature'. In this context, a
               | ,nature' is what one is, whereas a ,person' is who one
               | is", from [0] where you can also read a lot more about
               | it.
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity
        
               | stareatgoats wrote:
               | AFAICT, the Greek pantheon (Hercules etc) is commonly
               | assumed to belong to a religious belief system that in
               | large part aligns with the spread of the Indo-European
               | language, probably (maybe) originating with the Yamnaya
               | culture on the Pontic steppe north of the Black sea
               | according to what is called the Kurgan hypothesis [0][1].
               | 
               | The culture and language seems to have spread across
               | large parts of the Indo-European landmass starting maybe
               | 6000 years ago, eventually displacing many older European
               | and Indian cultures respectively among others. It is
               | assumed to be the reason that such disparate pantheons as
               | the Roman, Greek, Norse and Hindu have many common
               | characteristics. One reason for the relative swift and
               | wide spread of the culture is currently speculated to be
               | that the Yamnaya were the first to domesticate the horse
               | and use them to pull wagons (chariots).[2]
               | 
               | While it could be possible that the original pantheon
               | referred to Neanderthals a more rational interpretation
               | seems to me to be that the pantheon is a deified memory
               | of some prominent people in a small group that roamed the
               | plains of present Ukraine many thousands of years ago, a
               | group that came to conquer other groups because of their
               | advanced horsemanship, establishing traditions that in
               | turn achieved a life of their own as traditions and
               | beliefs commonly do. But hey, it is little more than
               | speculation at this point.
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamnaya_culture
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-
               | European_mythology
               | 
               | [2] https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/05/1805091
               | 85446.h...
        
               | Mediterraneo10 wrote:
               | Only a quite small number of the Greek pantheon have
               | Indo-European forebears and were brought to Greece with
               | the expansion of the Indo-European languages from the
               | Pontic Steppes. Most of the Greek deities derive from the
               | non-Indo-European autochthonous culture of Greece, or
               | from interaction with the Greeks' neighbors in Anatolian.
               | Your own linked article emphasizes this:
               | 
               | "Despite the popularity of Greek mythology in western
               | culture, Greek mythology is generally seen as having
               | little importance in comparative mythology due to the
               | heavy influence of Pre-Greek and Near Eastern cultures,
               | which overwhelms what little Indo-European material can
               | be extracted from it."
        
             | abacadaba wrote:
             | Similar pet theory, but that other hominids are remembered
             | as dwarves, elves, and trolls.
        
           | CryptoPunk wrote:
           | Trolls, in Scandinavian folklore, also fit the profile of
           | neanderthals:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troll
        
             | goto11 wrote:
             | How so?
        
         | Bakary wrote:
         | I don't think this theory is outlandish, just speculative. That
         | said, given that language itself tends to be hopelessly
         | distorted at such a time-scale there are some significant
         | obstacles to oral histories not getting completely distorted to
         | the point where no original content remains.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | danans wrote:
         | > may actually be an early hominid that had ape-like features,
         | that lived in parallel with humans in different territory.
         | 
         | Perhaps, but it's impossible to prove one way or another. More
         | plausibly, they observed that primates possess a type of
         | intelligence of a kind similar to humans, and therefore were
         | readily adaptable to that role in the story.
         | 
         | What we do know is that fantastical characters with human level
         | sentience in the Ramayana exist primarily to engage the
         | audience and to drive forward the epic's central themes of good
         | vs evil. Fantastical creatures are a pattern of this sort of
         | storytelling across the world. Modern storytellers have used
         | the same technique to great effect, like the various species of
         | JRR Tolkien's Middle Earth or George Lucas's Galaxy Far Far
         | Away.
         | 
         | In this way, there is a striking contrast between the Ramayana
         | and the Mahabharata. The Mahabharata, despite emerging from the
         | same cultural milieu as the Ramayana, is a complex human
         | sociological drama without clear lines of good and evil. It
         | makes little use of fantastical species, as their presence
         | would detract from the story's fundamentally human themes. The
         | only non human characters of consequence are gods, but even
         | they are far from perfect and instead exhibit the same flaws as
         | the humans.
        
         | jk7tarYZAQNpTQa wrote:
         | Some people think the same about the Basajaun [1], a big, hairy
         | hominid from the Basque mythology. The myth says he taught
         | humans to use (some) tools (or humans stole tools from him).
         | Keep in mind the Basque language is so old and rare [2] it's
         | not connected to any Indo-European language.
         | 
         | Of course many also think the same of Yeti, Bigfoot, etc.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basajaun
         | 
         | [2]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Basque_language
        
           | marton78 wrote:
           | Also, as far as I remember Basque people have an unusually
           | high proportion of Neanderthal genome.
        
         | themgt wrote:
         | In "Eaters of the Dead", Michael Chrichton's fictionally-
         | historicized retelling of Beowulf, it's speculated the monsters
         | are a relic Neandertal tribe. It's a minor point in the novel,
         | but it stuck with me (and has become much more scientifically
         | plausible since the 1970s when he was writing), so I always
         | think of Beowulf as being about Neandertals.
        
       | Causality1 wrote:
       | I find it highly doubtful multiple coherent narratives could
       | survive over a hundred thousand year span of oral storytelling.
        
         | njharman wrote:
         | But there exists a nightly reminder and guide for the two
         | relevant story points. The count and that count changed.
        
       | gandalfian wrote:
       | Seems to fit with Seveneves novel quite well. Seven woman
       | escaping into space. Wonder if deliberate?
        
       | reedf1 wrote:
       | Title seems to have no correlation with the article.
       | 
       | Edit: My bad - I clicked through to another link on the page
       | accidentally
        
         | bencollier49 wrote:
         | Did you read all the way down?
        
       | kyawzazaw wrote:
       | Similar Myth in my culture too. Burmese.
        
       | timkam wrote:
       | I must say the Singularity Hub web presence looks snake-oily to
       | me. Why do they call it a "university"? Why do they call some of
       | the members "faculty"? Why do they claim Ray Kurzweil has "a
       | thirty-year track record of accurate predictions"?
       | (https://singularityhub.com/experts/)
       | 
       | Any idea why they brand it like this? Who is supposed to take
       | this seriously?
       | 
       | I'm EU-based and here you're not allowed to claim that your
       | organization is a university if it is not recognized by the state
       | as such (roughly speaking).
        
         | gcatalfamo wrote:
         | It might have started in good faith, but now there are local
         | chapters at least in EU, where people basically advertise
         | themselves.
         | 
         | So yeah it is snake oil now.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | skrebbel wrote:
         | I don't disagree, but you have to understand that _because_
         | "university" isn't a protected name in the US, it also doesn't
         | carry the same status and thus calling the Singularity
         | organization a university is less preposterous.
         | 
         | Eg you learn to run a team of hamburger flippers at the
         | McDonald's University. Many SaaS startups have a tutorials page
         | named $BRAND University. In that context, a bunch of atheistic
         | reli-nuts calling their clubhouse a university isn't that far
         | off.
        
           | timkam wrote:
           | Thank you for clarifying, then the main issue comes with
           | global scale (a point that one of the other comments here
           | makes).
        
             | garmaine wrote:
             | You can pay them money to attend classes they hold (which
             | you can find example Youtube videos of--basically 50min TED
             | talks), and at the end of it you get a certificate. It was
             | modeled after the International Space University, which in
             | France, and shares a co-founder.
             | 
             | I may be swayed that this is more of a "summer workshop"
             | and not as academically rigorous as I'd like, but otherwise
             | I'm not sure why you claim it doesn't deserve the title
             | "University."
        
               | simonh wrote:
               | In many countries outside the US the term University is
               | protected in law for institutions meeting some very
               | rigorous criteria, so clarifying on what basis it's
               | called a University on a very international forum like
               | this is useful for those not aware and who might make
               | assumptions about what is meant by University.
               | 
               | The ISU is an accredited University which offers formal
               | Masters degree programs, while Singularity University is
               | not accredited and does not offer formal graduate or
               | undergraduate degree courses.
        
               | weare138 wrote:
               | >but otherwise I'm not sure why you claim it doesn't
               | deserve the title "University."
               | 
               | Just because they can use that title doesn't mean they
               | necessarily should, especially an organization rooted in
               | academia that wants to be taken seriously. Even if it is
               | legitimate and well intentioned, spuriously using the
               | term 'university' and having a disclaimer like '
               | _Singularity University is not a degree granting
               | institution_ ' in fine print definitely doesn't send the
               | right message. I don't think it's an issue of whether
               | they deserve to use that term but it gives the illusion
               | that they're in company with other dubious non-accredited
               | 'universities'. It's just bad optics.
        
         | kf wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_University In America,
         | university holds no special branding, and American companies
         | aren't great about respecting EU branding law. See California
         | Champagne and Kraft Parmesan cheese. I don't think anyone
         | attending Singularity University thinks it is a real
         | university; their paying audience generally already has a
         | university degree.
         | 
         | Singularity University is basically an overpriced executive MBA
         | program, mostly paid for by non Americans excited to visit
         | Silicon Valley. For people with infinite money looking for a
         | taste of Silicon Valley and wanting to invest in cutting edge
         | stuff here, their actual educational materials are totally
         | acceptable.
         | 
         | I used to work with their current law and blockchain lecturer.
        
           | garmaine wrote:
           | > See California Champagne
           | 
           | You mean the labeling that the EU agrees (if reluctantly) to
           | be legal?
           | 
           | https://vinepair.com/wine-blog/loophole-california-
           | champagne...
        
         | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
         | I know nothing at all about this, so cannot comment on the
         | Singularity University, but in the US, it's actually fairly
         | common to attach the word "university" to all sorts of training
         | series. My old company's HR added "university" to their regular
         | internal training series (complete with a "certificate" that we
         | would get after each mandatory class).
         | 
         | I took seminars throughout my career, and a number were dubbed
         | "university" (Like Apple's famous --and long-defunct--
         | "Developer University" --DU. I still have the certificates they
         | gave me).
         | 
         | Personally, I find it potentially misleading, but seldom
         | actually nefarious. It does dilute the cachet of the word,
         | though.
        
         | neiman wrote:
         | I also live in the EU, but the EU did not invented
         | universities, and hence whichever bureaucratic definition it
         | made up, shouldn't be used as a measure for universities
         | outside the EU.
        
           | Al-Khwarizmi wrote:
           | Universities were invented in medieval Europe and, to my
           | knowledge, they were always supported by ruling authorities,
           | be them kings, emperors or popes, who granted them their
           | legitimacy.
           | 
           | Of course a sovereign country can define (or refrain from
           | defining) a university in any way they like, but the
           | historical argument really doesn't help much there. The
           | historical notion of a university is very much tied to ruling
           | powers.
        
             | joshuaissac wrote:
             | The earliest universities were in Asia and Africa,[1]
             | evolving from madrasas founded by religious patrons,
             | similar to how early European universities evolved from
             | monastic schools.
             | 
             | 1. https://www.britannica.com/topic/university
        
         | coldtea wrote:
         | It's what we call a "cult". A light one, as far as cults go,
         | but still a cult.
        
         | russellallen wrote:
         | I don't know anything about the Singularity Hub, but this
         | article is just a repost of a Creative Commons licensed article
         | from The Conversation: https://theconversation.com/the-worlds-
         | oldest-story-astronom...
         | 
         | Ideally this story should be changed to this URL which has
         | further comments by the author attached to it. Also The
         | Conversation is a legitimate Australian academic site.
        
           | baxtr wrote:
           | wow. they basically copy & pasted the conversation article...
           | or the other way around?
        
             | scbrg wrote:
             | The Conversation literally has a button you can click to
             | help you copy & paste the article. And there's attribution
             | at the end of the Singularity Hub repost. There's nothing
             | shady going on here.
        
           | trailynx wrote:
           | Comments from the Conversation article also contain a link to
           | download the paper from the author: https://www.dropbox.com/s
           | /np0n4v72bdl37gr/sevensisters.pdf?d...
        
           | mellosouls wrote:
           | This is the correct link, but unfortunately The Conversation
           | often features on HN only by proxy via reposts of its
           | articles.
        
           | timkam wrote:
           | By adding an author profile and a list of other Singularity
           | Hub articles by the author, they make it look like the author
           | is part of the Singularity Hub community, but the two
           | articles that he has written are both from The Conversation.
        
         | stareatgoats wrote:
         | > Singularity Hub web presence looks snake-oily
         | 
         | That be as it may, I fail to see anything deceptive in the
         | linked article. The widespread notion that the Pleiades have 7
         | stars while only 6 are visible is definitely interesting.
         | 
         | Not sure I buy the explanation though (that Pleione would have
         | been visibly separable from Atlas 100.000 years ago, and that
         | the memory of that time has lived on in myth). But they do put
         | a question mark after the claim.
        
         | cmroanirgo wrote:
         | Diversion aside, the article is a publication by one Ray
         | Norris, who works in the Astro physics department at CSIRO,
         | Australia's Government funded science org, and also is a
         | Professor for Western Sydney University.
         | 
         | I've met him and listened to his public lectures at Macquarie
         | University. He has been researching Aboriginal Australian
         | Astronomy for decades and is well published in the arena. He
         | and his wife have traveled all over Oz, gathering stories from
         | the Elders of tribes.
         | 
         | I've heard him talk about the Seven Sisters story from
         | Aboriginal accounts, but one particular story stuck out:
         | 
         | Ray mentioned how one particular elder could individually name
         | 50,000 stars, and he dared any Astrophysicist to mention 5,000.
         | 
         | I'd recommend that the baby not be thrown out with the bath
         | water.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Norris_(astrophysicist)
         | 
         | http://www.emudreaming.com/Further_reading.htm
        
           | Jabbles wrote:
           | Did that elder offer some proof that they had significantly
           | better eyes than most humans? Because the generally accepted
           | number of visible stars is ~5000 in each hemisphere.
           | 
           | https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-blogs/how-many-
           | stars-n...
        
             | akdor1154 wrote:
             | I have read that some indigenous Australians had/have
             | ridiculously good vision, by western standards. (Brb
             | googling :)
             | 
             | Edit: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-04-08/prince-harry-
             | may-stru... (popsci but generally reliable journalism)
        
               | Jabbles wrote:
               | Thanks, my initial scepticism is weakened.
        
         | LaundroMat wrote:
         | The only experience I had with the Singularity University is an
         | exec at a client of mine who -- after studying there -- told
         | everyone his company needed a moonshot. His idea of a moonshot
         | was simply "triple profits by next year" by telling people they
         | needed to believe it was possible.
         | 
         | So yeah, he probably did not grasp what he was taught, but then
         | again, you'd expect a self-proclaimed university to teach its
         | students better than that.
         | 
         | To me, the Singularity University's target audience seems to be
         | execs who need to convince others they are capable of
         | developing a vision.
        
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